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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- MiMe-MeMo/Corpus-v1.1
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language:
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- da
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---
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language:
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- da
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- no
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license: cc-by-4.0
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datasets:
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- MiMe-MeMo/Corpus-v1.1
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- MiMe-MeMo/Sentiment-v1
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- MiMe-MeMo/WSD-Skaebne
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metrics:
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- f1
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tags:
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- historical-texts
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- digital-humanities
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- sentiment-analysis
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- word-sense-disambiguation
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- danish
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- norwegian
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model-index:
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- name: MeMo-BERT-03
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results:
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Sentiment Analysis
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dataset:
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name: MiMe-MeMo/Sentiment-v1
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type: text
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metrics:
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- name: f1
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type: f1
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value: 0.77
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- task:
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type: text-classification
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name: Word Sense Disambiguation
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dataset:
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name: MiMe-MeMo/WSD-Skaebne
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type: text
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metrics:
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- name: f1
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type: f1
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value: 0.61
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---
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# MeMo-BERT-03
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**MeMo-BERT-03** is a pre-trained language model for **historical Danish and Norwegian literary texts** (1870–1900).
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It was introduced in [Al-Laith et al. (2024)](https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.431/) as part of the first dedicated PLMs for historical Danish and Norwegian.
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## Model Description
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- **Architecture:** XLM-RoBERTa-base (24 layers, 1024 hidden size, 16 heads, vocab size 250k)
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- **Pre-training strategy:** Continued pre-training of [DanskBERT](https://huggingface.co/vesteinn/DanskBERT) on historical data
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- **Training objective:** Masked Language Modeling (MLM, 15% masking)
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- **Training data:** MeMo Corpus v1.1 (839 novels, ~53M words, 1870–1900)
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- **Hardware:** 2 × A100 GPUs
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- **Training time:** ~32 hours
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## Intended Use
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- **Primary tasks:**
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- Sentiment Analysis (positive, neutral, negative)
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- Word Sense Disambiguation (historical vs. modern senses of *skæbne*, "fate")
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- **Intended users:**
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- Researchers in Digital Humanities, Computational Linguistics, and Scandinavian Studies.
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- Historians of literature studying 19th-century Scandinavian novels.
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- **Not intended for:**
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- Contemporary Danish/Norwegian NLP tasks (performance may degrade).
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- High-stakes applications (e.g., legal, medical, political decision-making).
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## Training Data
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- **Corpus:** [MeMo Corpus v1.1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MiMe-MeMo/Corpus-v1.1) (Bjerring-Hansen et al. 2022)
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- **Time period:** 1870–1900
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- **Size:** 839 novels, 690 MB, 3.2M sentences, 52.7M words
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- **Preprocessing:** OCR-corrected, normalized to modern Danish spelling, tokenized, lemmatized, annotated
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## Evaluation
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### Benchmarks
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| Task | Dataset | Test F1 | Notes |
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|------|---------|---------|-------|
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| Sentiment Analysis | MiMe-MeMo/Sentiment-v1 | **0.77** | 3-class (pos/neg/neu) |
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| Word Sense Disambiguation | MiMe-MeMo/WSD-Skaebne | **0.61** | 4-class (pre-modern, modern, figure of speech, ambiguous) |
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### Comparison
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MeMo-BERT-03 outperforms MeMo-BERT-1, MeMo-BERT-2, and contemporary baselines (DanskBERT, ScandiBERT, DanBERT, BotXO) across both tasks.
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## Limitations
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- Domain-specific: trained only on **novels from 1870–1900**.
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- May not generalize to other genres (newspapers, folk tales, poetry).
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- Evaluation datasets are relatively small.
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- OCR/normalization errors remain in some texts.
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## Ethical Considerations
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- All texts are **public domain** (authors deceased).
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- Datasets released under **CC BY 4.0**.
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- Word sense annotations created by literary scholars, no sensitive personal data.
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## Citation
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If you use this model, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{al-laith-etal-2024-development,
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title = "Development and Evaluation of Pre-trained Language Models for Historical {D}anish and {N}orwegian Literary Texts",
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author = "Al-Laith, Ali and Conroy, Alexander and Bjerring-Hansen, Jens and Hershcovich, Daniel",
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)",
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year = "2024",
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address = "Torino, Italia",
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publisher = "ELRA and ICCL",
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pages = "4811--4819",
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url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.431/"
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}
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