disease_substrate_wood
branch
Infected needles are dwarfed and appear tufted. Infection is more or less even on young crowns, but on older trees the lower crown is most heavily infected, with often only the current year's needles remaining. Needle-cast occurs 12-14 months after initial infection at, or slightly before maturation of the ascomata. The disease can lead to almost entire defoliation, which may result in shoot and branch death
Hypodermella montivaga f. concolor
Lophodermella concolor