Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

# Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

## Abstract

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Arabic: تنظيم القاعدة في جزيرة العرب, romanized: Tanẓīm al-Qā‘idah fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, lit. ' Organization of the Base in the Arabian Peninsula ' or تنظيم قاعدة الجهاد في جزيرة العرب, Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, "Organization of Jihad 's Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), abbreviated as AQAP, also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة, Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah, "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia "), is a Sunni Islamist insurgent extremist group, which is part of the al-Qaeda network and primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. It is considered the most active of al-Qaeda's branches that emerged after the weakening of central leadership.

The group established an emirate during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution, reaching its peak in 2015 after capturing the provincial capital of Mukalla. Its strength has since waned after internal struggles and foreign interventions in the subsequent Yemeni Civil War, and by the late 2010's they would only operate substantially in their strongholds, Abyan and al-Bayda governorates. Despite their losses, AQAP still remains as one of al-Qaeda's strongest affiliates. The group has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations, United States, Saudi Arabia, UAE and several other countries.

## Ideology and formation

Like al-Qaeda Central, AQAP opposes the monarchy of the House of Saud. AQAP was formed in January 2009 from a merger of the Yemeni branch and Saudi branch of al-Qaeda. The Saudi group had been effectively suppressed by the Saudi government, forcing its members to seek sanctuary in Yemen.

The groups objectives include the overthrowal of Saudi and Yemeni governments and the establishment of an Islamic state in the Arabian Peninsula. In 2010, it was believed to have several hundred members. The group also seeks for the destruction of the Israeli state and the liberation of the Palestinian territories.

## Transformation into an active al-Qaeda branch

The number of terrorist plots in the West that originated from Pakistan declined considerably from most of them (at the outset), to 75% in 2007, and to 50% in 2010, as al-Qaeda shifted to Somalia and Yemen.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton formally designated al-Qaeda in Yemen a terrorist organization on 14 December 2009. On 24 August 2010, The Washington Post journalist Greg Miller wrote that the CIA believed Yemen's branch of al-Qaeda had surpassed its parent organization, Osama bin Laden's core group, as al-Qaeda's most dangerous threat to the U.S. homeland.

On 26 August 2010, Yemen claimed that U.S. officials had exaggerated the size and danger of al-Qaeda in Yemen, insisting also that fighting the jihadist network's local branch remained Sanaa's job. A former bodyguard of Osama bin Laden warned of an escalation in fighting between al-Qaeda and Yemeni authorities and predicted the government would need outside intervention to stay in power.

However, Ahmed al-Bahri told the Associated Press that attacks by al-Qaeda in southern Yemen was an indication of its increasing strength. CNN analyst Paul Cruickshank asserted that several U.S. officials viewed AQAP as the branch of al-Qaeda which posed the most serious threat to American interests in the region.

## Operations and activities as al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

Al-Qaeda was responsible for the USS Cole bombing in October 2000 in Aden, killing 17 U.S. sailors. In 2002, an al-Qaeda bomb damaged the French supertanker Limburg in the Gulf of Aden.

The Global Terrorism Database attributes the 2004 Khobar massacre to the group.

In addition to a number of attacks in Saudi Arabia, and the kidnap and murder of Paul Marshall Johnson Jr. in Riyadh in 2004, the group is suspected in connection with a bombing in Doha, Qatar, in March 2005.

On 27 August 2009, Saudi-Arabian AQAP suicide bomber Abdullah al-Asiri attempted to assassinate Saudi prince Muhammad bin Nayef at a Ramadan gathering in his home in Jeddah. Al-Asiri was sent to Saudi Arabia from Yemen, and had previously expressed his intention to turn himself in to Saudi authorities. Though al-Arisi was killed in the bombing, Nayef was only slightly injured.

## Operations and activities during Yemen conflict

### 2009

On 15 March, 4 South Korean tourists were killed in Shibam, Hadhramaut by a suicide bomber. The Yemeni government blamed AQAP for the attack, as well as one on a South Korean delegation on 18 March that only killed the perpetrator.

### 2010

On 8 February, deputy leader Said Ali al-Shihri called for a regional holy war and blockade of the Red Sea to prevent shipments to Israel. In an audiotape announcement he called upon Somali militant group al-Shabaab for assistance in the blockade.

On 26 April, an AQAP suicide bomber attempted to assassinate the UK ambassador to Yemen, Timothy Torlot in Sana'a. Torlot was unhurt, but 3 others were injured in the attack. AQAP attempted again to kill a British diplomat, Fionna Gibb, in Sana'a on 6 October. An AQAP member fired a rocket-propelled grenade at her vehicle, injuring an embassy worker and 3 bystanders. Gibb was unharmed.

The Yemeni government launched an offensive on 19 August to secure the town of Lawdar, Abyan, which was an AQAP stronghold. The government announced on 25 August that they recaptured the town, repordetly killing 12 to 19 AQAP fighters and losing 11 soldiers.

On 24 November, a suicide bomber attacked a convoy heading to the funeral of Badreddin al-Houthi, father of the founder of the Houthis, killing 1 person and injuring 8. The incident occured in Dahyun while the convoy was on their way to Saada. AQAP was suspected of conducting the attack.

### 2011

On 6 March, AQAP claimed responsibility for two attacks which killed 5 Yemeni soldiers altogether. 4 soldiers apart of the Republican Guard were killed in an ambush on a convoy in Marib governorate, while an army colonel was shot and killed in Zinjibar, Abyan.

On 13 May, an AQAP ambush on a Yemeni army convoy in Marib left at least 5 soldiers dead. The attacker had fired an RPG at the convoy.

On 31 March, amid the chaos caused by the Yemeni revolution, AQAP declared an "Islamic Emirate" in the southern Abyan governorate. Just days before, the group had seized the town of Ja'ar as well as many other areas within the governorate.

On 27 May, AQAP affiliate Ansar al-Sharia captured the capital of Abyan governorate, Zinjibar. More than 200 militants seized the town, killing 16 soldiers and freeing dozens of prisoners. Ansar al-Sharia entrenched itself into the city in the following days, repelling attempts by the military to enter the city on 31 May and on 7 June, and forcing 2 brigades to retreat on 21 June. Multiple tribes changed their allegiance from the militants to the military as fighting raged on in Abyan and more civilians were displaced. The Yemeni army along with allied tribes launched an offensive on July 17 attacking the city from the west. On 22 July, the army established control over a sports stadium near Zinjibar and waged fighting near the entrance of the city, while allied tribes secured a main highway leading to the city. Though the city was declared to be retaken by the government on 10 September, the government only controlled the eastern portion while Ansar al-Sharia still controlled the west. A deal was reached on 12 January 2012 to allow residents to return.

A prison break in Mukalla occurred in mid-June, freeing 63 AQAP prisoners and killing a guard. The prison was attacked by militants with artillery, allowing the inmates to escape through a 35-metre long tunnel.

On 30 September, American-Yemeni cleric and alleged AQAP member Anwar al-Awlaki was killed in a US drone strike in the town of Khashef, al-Jawf governorate. The US government had previously placed Awlaki on a CIA kill list and froze his assets due to inciting and directing multiple terror plots in the United States, including the 2009 Fort Hood shooting and the attempted bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253. The attack had also killed Samir Khan, an American citizen from Saudi Arabia who, along with Awlaki, was an editor and publisher of AQAP's magazine, Inspire.

On 12 December a prison break in Aden freed up to 15 AQAP members. The prisoners had escaped via a 40-metre long tunnel.

### 2012

On 16 January, AQAP seized the town of Rada'a, Al-Bayda, just 100 miles south of Sana'a. A group of 200 fighters had stormed the town, freed at least 150 prisoners, killed 2 soldiers in clashes with the army and secured multiple weapons caches and military vehicles. The group later withdrew from Rada'a on 25 January after they reached an agreement with the government to release 15 of their fighters.

On 4 March, Ansar al-Sharia launched an attack on military artillery units in Dofas, a town located on the outskirts of Zinjibar. Fighters had attacked the base from the east to draw a response from the army before launching a larger attack from the west. The battle killed 187 soldiers and injured at least 135, with the militants seizing weapons, heavy artillery and tanks from the military.

On 7 April, AQAP attempted to gain control of Lawdar, a town close to Zinjibar that possesses an important strategic position between multiple governorates. Fighters surrounded the town before invading it, but the military and allied tribesman maintained a stiff defense. By 13 April at least 200 were killed in the battle, with AQAP forces suffering repeated losses within the town, forcing them to retreat to the neighbouring mountains. Fighting resumed on 18 April when AQAP attacked the town with mortar shells, triggering air strikes from the government. The army captured the nearby Yasouf mountains on 17 May, forcing AQAP forces to flee.

The Yemeni government launched an offensive in Abyan on 11 May in order to drive out AQAP forces from key cities. Over 20 and 21 May, 33 AQAP fighters and 19 soldiers would be killed from clashes in Ja'ar. On 21 May, a man wearing a belt of explosives carried out a suicide attack on military personnel preparing for a parade rehearsal in Sana'a for Unity Day. The attack killed over 90 people and injured 200 more. Ansar al-Sharia claimed responsibility for the attack as a response to the government offensive in Abyan. On 24 May, AQAP launched a counter-attack on the army in Ja'ar through the Wadi Bana. The attack resulted in the deaths of 35 of their fighters, bringing the total count to 215. Yemeni forces then proceeded to take control of Wadi Bana. By 3 June, Yemeni forces had pushed into central Zinjibar, while clashes were occurring near the western edge of Ja'ar. On 11 June the Yemeni Air Force launched attacks on the north and west of Ja'ar, killing 16 militants, while land forces were preparing to capture a key hilltop factory overlooking the town. On 12 June, both Zinjibar and Ja'an were confirmed as completely recaptured by the Yemeni government. Mines placed by retreating AQAP forces lead to 73 civilian deaths in the cities by 26 June.

On 18 June, an AQAP suicide bomber assassinated Yemeni general Salem Ali Qatan in Aden. Qatan had led the Abyan offensive which expelled AQAP forces from key cities in the governorate. The assassin detonated his explosive belt next to a vehicle transporting Qatan, killing him along with 2 other soldiers, along with injuring 12.

### 2013

On 17 July, deputy leader of AQAP Said al-Shihri was killed in a US drone strike in Saada governorate. Shihri had previously been declared "dead" by the Yemeni government on 10 September and on 24 January, though this was dispoven in both cases. In this case, an AQAP message officially announced that he had died.

On 5 December, an attack on the Yemeni Defense Ministry in Sana'a involving a series of bomb and gun attacks killed at least 56 people. After footage of the attack was aired on Yemeni television showing the destruction of a hospital within the ministry compound and the killing of medical personnel and patients, AQAP emir Qasim al-Raymi released a video message apologizing. Al-Raymi claimed that the team of attackers were directed not to assault the hospital in the attack, but that one had gone ahead and done so.

### 2014

On 9 May, at least 4 Yemeni soldiers were killed after a skirmish sparked when a vehicle attacked the gates of the Presidential Palace in Sanaa. Authorities claimed that AQAP was responsible.

On 26 November, United States Navy SEALs from DEVGRU collaborated with Yemeni special forces in a hostage rescue mission order to free American journalist Luke Somers, along with other hostages. The mission took place in Hadhramaut along the border with Saudi Arabia. The team engaged AQAP in a firefight near the cave housing the hostages, killing 7 militants. The raid rescued 8 hostages of various nationalities, but they did not include Somers, who was moved to another area alongside 4 other hostages days before the raid.

Later in December, AQAP published a video threatening to kill Somers within 72 hours. Another rescue mission occurred on 6 December in southern Shabwah. 40 SEALs backed by Yemeni special forces attempted to infiltrate the AQAP compound housing the targets, but they were spotted about 100 metres away, leading to skirmishes. 2 hostages, including Somers, were found shot within the compound, while the fate of the 3 others are unknown. Both hostages eventually died while being transported.

### 2015

#### Capture of Mukalla

On 2 April 2015, AQAP fighters stormed the coastal city of Mukalla, capturing it on 16 April after a two-week long battle. The seizure served as AQAP's larged success to date, being that Mukalla is the capital of Hadhramaut and the sixth-largest city in Yemen. The group seized government buildings and used trucks to cart off more than $120 million from the central bank, according to the bank's director. AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, giving it a budget of more than $4 million to provide services to residents of the city. AQAP maintained a police station in the city to mediate Sharia disputes but avoided imposing its rule across the city. AQAP refrained from using its name, instead of using the name the 'Sons of Hadhramaut' to emphasize its ties to the surrounding province.

#### Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar

On 2 December 2015, the provincial capital of Abyan governorate, Zinjibar, and the town of Jaʿār were captured by AQAP fighters. Like Al Mukalla, AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, police patrols and other public services.

### 2016

#### Southern Abyan Offensive

On 20 February 2016, AQAP seized the southern Abyan governorate, linking them with their headquarters in Mukalla.

#### Liberation of Mukalla

On 24 April 2016, the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces entered Mukalla and commenced operations against AQAP, liberating Mukalla in 36 hours. The operation was hailed by US Defence Secretary James Mattis as a model of fighting terrorism.

Mukalla was then used as a base of operations by the UAE Armed Forces and Joint Special Operations Command, allowing the CIA to target AQAP strongest cells in Yemen.

### 2017

On 29 January, DEVGRU conducted a raid in al-Ghayil, a town in the Yakla region of al-Bayda. The raid was authorized in order to collect key AQAP documents and information, as well as the possibility of neutralizing AQAP leader Qasim al-Raymi, whom UAE intelligence suggested could be present. Originally meant to be unexpected, AQAP prematurely detected the SEALs, eventually leading to a heavy firefight in the village which claimed the life of 1 American soldier and wounded 5 others. 14 AQAP fighters were killed along with "valuable information" being gathered, but al-Raymi was not killed or captured in the raid. Additionally, at least 16 civilians were killed, including the eight-year-old daughter of Anwar al-Awlaki, Nawar.

On 23 May, DEVGRU conducted another raid against AQAP in Ma'rib governorate, targeting a compound of the group. The US reported the deaths of 7 AQAP members and no civilians casualties, however, UK-based human rights group Reprieve reported that the raid had killed 5 civilians and wounded 6, with SEALs killing a blind villager as he walked out of his home and killing 4 more after they began arguing with them after the fact.

### 2018

In August 2018, Al Jazeera reported that the Saudi Arabian-led coalition "battling Houthi rebels secured secret deals with al-Qaeda in Yemen and recruited hundreds of the group's fighters.... Key figures in the deal-making said the United States was aware of the arrangements and held off on drone attacks against the armed group, which was created by Osama bin Laden in 1988."

According to the Associated Press, the Saudi-led coalition "cut secret deals with al-Qaeda fighters, paying some to leave key cities and towns and letting others retreat with weapons, equipment and wads of looted cash... hundreds more were recruited to join the coalition itself."

### 2019

On 7 April 2019, UAE and Security Belt forces launched a large anti-terror military campaign to clear a number of mountains and valleys located in the Mahfad town, then a key hideout of AQAP militants. UAE-backed Yemeni security forces succeeded in seizing arms and ammunition, including hand grenades, improvised explosive devices and communication equipment and AQAP militants fled to other areas.

On 2 August 2019, AQAP fighters stormed a military base in al-Mahfad district, remaining for several hours before military reinforcements drove them out. The attacks killed at least 19 soldiers.

On 30 August 2019, UAE airstrikes on AQAP in southern Yemen targeted a number of moving vehicles carrying AQAP members.

In September 2019, AQAP took advantage and deployed across Abyan and Shabwah in southern Yemen following the UAE draw down from Yemen and increased infighting between Houthis and Hadi forces. According to a local Yemeni official, the absence of the Shabwani Elite security units, that had been trained and equipped by the UAE, enabled AQAP to gain a foothold in the turbulent Shabwah again.

### 2020

On 31 January 2020, The New York Times reported three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi was killed in an airstrike on 29 January in Yalka, al-Bayda. His death was later confirmed by the White House on 6 February and by AQAP on 23 February, with Khalid Batarfi being named his successor.

On 21 April, Houthi forces uploaded a video claiming to have captured a base of Ansar al-Sharia in al-Jawf governorate, amidst a wider offensive in the region against the Yemeni government. The video appeared to show explosive belts, ammunition, AQAP flags and documents.

The Houthis launched an offensive in al-Bayda governorate on 15 May as an extension of its offensive against the Yemeni government in al-Jawf. AQAP traditionally maintained a stronghold in the northwest al-Qayfa tribal area and wider al-Quraishyah District of the governorate. Due to this, AQAP shifted its main focus away from the Islamic State and towards Houthi forces, attempting to attract anti-Houthi tribes in the al-Bayda. By 11 August, the Houthis had been advancing rapidly towards northern al-Bayda, and by 19 August they had claimed to secure Wald Rabi' and al-Quraishyah districts. By the end of August, the Houthis had evicted AQAP out of many areas of al-Qayfa, dealing a major blow to the group.

On 15 August, AQAP killed and crucified dentist Motthar al-Youssoufi in As Sawma'ah, al-Bayda, accusing him of spying for the US government. On 25 August, they destroyed his clinic with explosives.

### 2021

Since AQAP was expelled from the al-Qayfa district in the northwestern region of al-Bayda in 2020, its activities in 2021 were largely confined to the Al-Sawma'ah, Dhi Na'im and Mukayras districts in the southeast, near the borders of Abyan and Shabwah. Despite their defeat in the governorate, almost 60% of AQAP activities were reported to be in al-Bayda. The group continued their campaign of retrenchment, reporting the lowest level of activity in several years.

On 4 February, a UN report indicated that Khalid Batarfi had been detained and imprisoned since October of the previous year after an operation in Ghayda City, Al-Mahrah governorate. AQAP later released a video featuring Batarfi to disprove their claim.

### 2022

Since 2022, AQAP has gradually shifted its activities towards the southern portion of Yemen after failure to regroup in the north, with more than 70% of the group's activities taking place in Abyan and Shabwah. After June 2022, there have been no recorded violent interactions between Houthi forces and AQAP. This may be the realization of a possible strategic shift within the group since 2020, whereby AQAP's main targets are now the Southern Movement and the Yemeni government, rather than Houthi forces. This change in strategy may be the result of AQAP's growing influence under Saif al-Adel, an Egyptian citizen based in Iran with ties to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

AQAP kidnapped 5 workers a part of the UN Department of Security and Safety in Abyan on February 11. The group demanded a ransom and the release of numerous members imprisoned by the government of Yemen. The workers were eventually released in August 2023.

On 15 April, a prison break occurred in Seiyun, Hadhramaut governorate, allowing 10 AQAP members to escape. The prisoners collaborated with a few guards and AQAP militants from the outside, staging a fight before overpowering the guards and fleeing.

Large clashes occurred between AQAP and Security Belt forces on 6 May north of Dhale, Dhale governorate. AQAP members arrested by the Security Belt refused to disarm themselves once they arrived at Security Belt headquarters, leading to a battle which killed 2 Security Belt commanders and 7 AQAP fighters.

On 22 June, AQAP was suspected of launching attacks in both Abyan and Shabwah Governorates that killed 10 Yemeni army soldiers altogether. An ambush on a military convoy in Abyan killed 5, while an attack on a checkpoint in Ataq, Shabwah killed another 5.

In August 2022, the once-vaunted Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was shown to be greatly weakened when none of the group's leaders were deemed potential successors to Ayman al-Zawahiri as leader of al-Qaeda following his death. According to a UN report published in February 2023, Al-Adel is also said to have succeeded al-Zawahiri at al-Qaeda's center, likely further expanding his influence over AQAP.

The UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council (STC) launched Operation Arrows of the East after the conclusion of a larger offensive against government allies on August 22, with the goal of expelling AQAP from Abyan governorate. The operation occurred amid a power vacuum within areas of Abyan which the pro-Yemeni government al-Islah party retreated from due to STC advances. The STC entered the governorate through Shuqrah and proceeded to push towards Lawdar as well as the border with Shabwah. In retaliation, AQAP activities surged heavily, with the group carrying out numerous attacks against STC forces, such as an attack on the Security Belt Forces in Ahwar district on September 6 which killed 21 STC soldiers and 6 AQAP fighters.

On 9 October, a roadside bomb detonated in Wadi Omran, leaving 4 Yemeni army soldiers dead along with several others injured. AQAP was responsible for the bombing, though authorities were unsure if the bomb was planted recently or before the group was defeated in the area.

### 2023

On 11 June, AQAP claimed responsibility for an attack on a military outpost in Shabwah, killing 2 Yemeni army soldiers and wounding 3. The attack was seen as a display of strength by AQAP despite its losses from the STC operation the previous year.

On 1 August, an AQAP attack in Wadi Omran left at least 5 STC soldiers and wounded another 4. The attackers utilized mortars, artillery and rocket-propelled grenades before retreating.

On 10 August, an AQAP bombing of a Security Belt convoy passing through Abyan left 3 soldiers and commander Abdullatif Al-Sayed dead.

### 2024

In an announcement on 10 March, AQAP reported the death of emir Khalid Batarfi, along the selection of his successor Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki. The announcement did not provide a cause as to how Batarfi died, leading to speculation that he had died by natural causes.

On 24 March, AQAP ambushed an STC patrol in Wadi Omran, triggering a firefight which killed 2 soldiers and wounded 4. The militants also burned the vehicle of the patrol group.

On 29 April, an AQAP IED attack targeted an STC military vehicle in Mudiyah District, Abyan. The blast reportedly killed six soldiers belonging to the Southern Armed Forces and wounded 11 others.

Ansar al-Sharia carried out a drone strike on UAE-backed forces in Wadi Omran. The attack was carried out with a UAV armed with a common modified air-dropped 40x53mm M430A1 pattern (HEDP) grenade on July 2024.

A suicide car bomb carried out by AQAP on 16 August against the STC targeted the military barracks of the Security Belt Backup and Support Forces' 3rd Brigade in Mudiyah, Abyan. The attack resulted in 16 soldiers killed and over 20 injured. The bombing served as the group's first suicide attack since March 2022.

## Operations and activities outside of the Arabian Peninsula

### 2009

On 1 June, American citizen Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (formerly Carlos Leon Bledsoe) carried out a drive-by-shooting on a US army recruiting office in Little Rock, Arkansas, killing a soldier and injuring another. Muhammad had moved to Yemen in 2007, accepting a job to teach English. He was arrested by Yemeni authorities in 2008 for overstaying his visa and forging Somali identification papers, potentially in order to train with al-Shabaab. He was deported back to America in 2009. In a note requesting a plea deal from the judge, he claimed to be a member of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, though authorities and the lead prosecutor suspected that he had acted alone.

In the aftermath of the shooting at Fort Hood, Texas on 5 November, the FBI revealed that the shooter, Major Nidal Hasan, had communicated with Anwar al-Awlaki via emails from December 2008 to some time in 2009, though officials at the time didn't perceive it as a threat. The emails reportedly contained "social and religious guidance", but no evidence that the attack was directed by Awlaki or a foreign group.

On 25 December, Nigerian student Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to bomb Northwest Airlines Flight 253 while it approached its destination in Detroit, Michigan. As it prepared to land, Abdulmutallab tried to detonate PETN explosives attached to his underwear, but the device failed to detonate properly. AQAP took responsibility for the attempted bombing on 28 December, claiming that they supplied the explosives to the perpetrator along with instructions to detonate it. Abdulmutallab had previously travelled to Yemen multiple times before the incident, once in 2005 in order to study Arabic, and again in the fall of 2009, meeting with and likely planning the bombing with various AQAP members, including Anwar al-Awlaki.

### 2010

A cargo plane bomb plot was discovered on 29 October, when two packages containing plastic explosives were found on cargo aircraft, based on intelligence received from government intelligence agencies, in the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. The packages originated from Yemen, and were addressed to outdated addresses of two Jewish institutions in Chicago, Illinois, one of which was the Congregation Or Chadash, an LGBT synagogue. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula took responsibility for the plot. It posted its acceptance of responsibility on a number of radical Islamist websites monitored by the SITE Intelligence Group and the Nine Eleven Finding Answers Foundation, and wrote:

We will continue to strike blows against American interests and the interest of America's allies.

It also claimed responsibility for the crash of a UPS Boeing 747-400 cargo plane in Dubai on 3 September. The statement continued:

...since both operations were successful, we intend to spread the idea to our mujahedeen brothers in the world and enlarge the circle of its application to include civilian aircraft in the West as well as cargo aircraft.

American authorities had said they believed that al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was behind the plot. Officials in the United Kingdom and the United States believe that it is most likely that the bombs were designed to destroy the planes carrying them.

In November, the group announced a strategy, called "Operation Hemorrhage", which it said was designed to capitalize on the "security phobia that is sweeping America." The program would call for a large number of inexpensive, small-scale attacks against United States interests, with the intent of weakening the U.S. economy.

### 2012

American and Saudi intelligence agencies foiled an AQAP plot to smuggle a bomb onto a plane bound to the United States on 8 May. The CIA had detected the plot by mid-April, and dispatched an operative to pose as a suicide bomber for the group, requesting them to give him their explosives, which were promptly turned over to the CIA. The bomb was manufactured by Ibrahim al-Asiri.

### 2015

On 7 January, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi attacked the Paris headquarters of French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, killing 12 French civilians and injuring another 11. Before the shooting took place, the French-born brothers of Algerian descent stated they were members of "al-Qaeda in the Yemen", to an eyewitness. Reports after the event indicated that the brothers had previously visited AQAP in Yemen in for several months in 2011 and 2012. On 9 January, AQAP confirmed responsibility for the Charlie Hebdo shooting in a statement from top Shariah cleric Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari. The motive for the attack was to "gain revenge for the honor" of Islamic prophet Muhammad, who was mockingly depicted in a cartoon published by the newspaper.

### 2019

On 6 December, Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani attacked Naval Air Station Pensacola in Pensacola, Florida, killing 3 people and injuring 8. The Saudi-Arabian gunman was a second lieutenant in the Royal Saudi Air Force and was undergoing flight training at the base. AQAP released a message on 2 February claiming responsibility for the shooting. The FBI later confirmed these claims on 18 May 2020, after breaking into Alsharami's phone and uncovering significant connections between him and AQAP since 2015.

## Ansar al-Sharia

In the wake of the 2011 Yemeni Revolution and the Battle of Zinjibar, an Islamist insurgent organization called Jama'at Ansar al-Shari'a (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة; Jamāʿat Anṣār aš-Šharīʿa), also known as Ansar al-Shari'a, emerged in Yemen and seized control of areas in the Abyan and surrounding governorates in southern Yemen and declared them an Islamist al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen. There was heavy fighting with the Yemeni security forces over the control of these territories, with Ansar al-Sharia driven out of most of their territory over 2012.

In April 2011, Shaykh Abu Zubayr Adil bin Abdullah al-Abab, AQAP's chief religious figure, explained the name change as a rebranding exercise: "the name Ansar al-Sharia is what we use to introduce ourselves in areas where we work to tell people about our work and goals."

On 4 October 2012, the United Nations 1267–1989 Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee and the United States Department of State designated Ansar al-Sharia an alias for AQAP, with the State Department describing it as an attempt to attract followers in areas of Yemen where AQAP had been able to establish territorial control and implement its interpretation of Sharia.

## U.S. drone strikes

A CIA targeted killing drone strike killed Kamal Derwish, an American citizen, and a group of al-Qaeda operatives (including Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi) in Yemen in November 2002. Drones became shorthand in Yemen for a weak government allowing foreign forces to have their way.

On 30 September 2011, a US drone attack in Yemen resulted in the death of Anwar al-Awlaki, one of the group's leaders, and Samir Khan, the editor of Inspire, its English-language magazine. Both were US citizens.

The pace of US drone attacks quickened significantly in 2012, with over 20 strikes in the first five months of the year, compared to 10 strikes during the course of 2011.

Over the period 19–21 April 2014, a series of drone attacks on AQAP killed dozens of militants, and at least 3 civilians. A spokesperson for the Yemeni Supreme Security Committee described the attacks, which included elements of the Yemeni army as well as US drones, as "massive and unprecedented". The attacks were alleged to have targeted AQAP leadership, with a major AQAP base in Wadi al-Khayala reported to have been destroyed.

From 1 through 8 March 2017, the US conducted 45 airstrikes against AQAP, a record amount of airstrikes conducted against the group by the US in recent history. The airstrikes were reported to have killed hundreds of AQAP militants. The US continued its airstrikes afterward. Around 1–2 April 2017, the US carried out another 20 airstrikes, increasing the total number of airstrikes against AQAP in 2017 to 75, nearly double previously yearly record of 41 airstrikes in 2009.

On 31 August 2019, at least 40 al-Qaeda operatives were killed in airstrike carried out by the United States on a training camp in presence of the leaders of Hurras al-Deen, Ansar al-Tawhid and other allied groups in Syria.

## Members

The group has taken advantage of Yemen's "slow collapse into near-anarchy. Widespread corruption, growing poverty and internal fragmentation have helped make Yemen a breeding ground for terror." More than two years later, on 25 April 2012, a suspected US drone strike killed Mohammed Said al-Umdah, a senior AQAP member cited as the number four in the organization and one of the 2006 escapees. He had been convicted of the 2002 tanker bombing and for providing logistical and material support.

Yemeni analyst, Barak Barfi, discounted claims that marriage between the militant group and Yemeni tribes is a widespread practice, though he states that the bulk of AQAP members hail from the tribes.

AQAP is a popular choice for radicalized Americans seeking to join Islamist terror organizations overseas. In 2013 alone, at least three American citizens or permanent residents — Marcos Alonso Zea, Justin Kaliebe, and Shelton Thomas Bell — have attempted to join AQAP. They count among over 50 Americans who have attempted to join terrorist groups overseas, including AQAP, since 2007.

Reportedly, as many as 20 Islamist British nationals traveled to Yemen in 2009 to be trained by AQAP. In February 2012, up to 500 Internationalistas from Somalia's Al Shabaab, after getting cornered by a Kenyan offensive and conflict with Al Shabaab national legions, fled to Yemen. It is likely that a number of this group merged with AQAP.The following is a list of people who have been purported to be AQAP members. Most, but not all, are or were Saudi nationals. Roughly half have appeared on Saudi "most wanted" lists. In the left column is the rank of each member in the original 2003 list of the 26 most wanted.


1603 in Germany

# 1603 in Germany

## Abstract

Events from the year 1603 in Germany.

## Births

- Louise Juliane of Erbach

- John, Count of Nassau-Idstein

- Stephan Otto

- David Denicke

- Johann Sperling

- Caspar Kittel

## Deaths

- John VII, Count of Oldenburg

- Johannes Herold

- Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg

- Hermann Wilken

- Merga Bien


Kalan Masjid

# Kalan Masjid

## Abstract

Kalan Masjid, or Kalan Mosque is a 14th-century mosque in Delhi, India.

## Etymology

The mosque is titled Kalan Masjid, meaning chief mosque. It is also known as Kali Masjid, or black mosque, although this may also be a corruption of the word Kalan.

## History

The mosque was commissioned by Khan-i-Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

## Description

The mosque is built out of sandstone. It is an oblong structure, measuring 140 feet (43 m) in length and 120 feet (37 m) in breadth. It has two stories, with a total height of 66 feet (20 m).

A flight of steps leads to the doorway on the first story through which the mosque is to be entered. The doorway is surmounted by a low dome, which is flanked by two conical columns. Over the doorway is a marble slab on which there is an inscription in the Naskh script. The inscription describes the date of completion of the mosque, and that it was constructed by Khan Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah.

The mosque has a square plan, and is divided into four quadrants.


1602 in Germany

# 1602 in Germany

## Abstract

Events from the year 1602 in Germany.

## Births

- Johannes Rulicius

- Rudolf Christian, Count of East Frisia

- Johann Hülsemann

- Christoph Köler

- Johann Sithmann

## Deaths

- Paulus Melissus

- Martin Ruland the Elder

- Thomas Schweicker

- Caspar Peucer


Rocket League Championship Series

# Rocket League Championship Series

## Abstract

The Rocket League Championship Series (RLCS) is an annual Rocket League esports tournament series produced by Blast ApS and endorsed by Psyonix, the game's developer. It consists of two online qualification splits in several regions, with teams earning points towards qualifying for midseason tournaments known as Majors and the Rocket League World Championship, both of which are held as LAN events worldwide.

## History

Psyonix had observed the popularity of Rocket League matches on Twitch and other live streaming platforms like YouTube by early 2016 and were looking to use the game more in Esports. In March 2016, Psyonix announced the first Rocket League Championship Series; the finals took place in June 2016 with a US$ 55,000 prize pool, and was won by Cameron Bills, Brandon Lachin, and Ted Keil of iBUYPOWER Cosmic. The second season of the championship series took place in December 2016 with a $125,000 prize pool, and was won by Mark Exton, Francesco Cinquemani, and Marius Ranheim of FlipSid3 Tactics. A third series began in March 2017, with the $300,000 prize pool finals taking place three months later. In this season, two teams from the oceanic region were also invited to compete.

A second division, the Rocket League Rival Series (RLRS), was added in Season 4. The two teams finishing at the bottom of the RLCS and the two teams finishing at the top of the RLRS for each region play each other in a promotion tournament at the end of the season to determine if teams are promoted or relegated. At the advent of Season 5 in June 2018, Psyonix organised and managed the event alone. Previous to this, they partnered with Twitch. Season 6 started in September 2018 and featured a $1,000,000 prize pool. For Season 7, Psyonix introduced South America as a new region. Season 8 took place in December 2019. The Season 9 championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with winners of the regional championships being considered the champions. In July 2020, Psyonix announced a new format for the tenth season of RLCS, known as RLCS X. This format did away with league play and the RLRS in favor of teams earning points through three regional splits, all culminating in three seasonal majors.

The 2021–22 season began in October 2021, bringing in four new regions (Middle East and North Africa, Asia Pacific North, Asia Pacific South, and Sub-Saharan Africa), a more reliable circuit similar to Season X, and a $6 million prize pool. The new circuit consisted of 3 splits, containing 3 regionals and 1 international LAN major each, culminating in a World Championship to finish the season. The season was won by Evan Rogez, Enzo Grondein, and Alexandre Paoli of Team BDS.

For the 2022–23 season Asia Pacific North and Asia Pacific South were combined into a single region with point totals being lowered and each regional event being called the Open, Cup and invitational. This season was won by Zen, Alpha54, and Radosin of Team Vitality, beating Team BDS in the grand finals 4-0 after they completely swept the Spring split, winning the EU Open, Cup and Invitational for the split as well as the Spring Major.

Unlike the past two seasons, there was a considerably longer offseason after 2022-23 accompanying the removal of one of the splits, meaning that the 13th season of the RLCS wouldn't begin until January 26, 2024. The 2024 season will see the removal of the Open, Cup and Invitational system for each region in favor of three new open qualifying stages, those being a double-elimination qualifying bracket, a Swiss-system tournament featuring the top 16 from open qualifying and a knockout stage featuring the top 8 from the Swiss stage. This open qualifying cycle will be repeated three times per split, awarding RLCS points after each stage, before the top teams in RLCS points in each region from those stages advance to that split's Major, which will feature the Swiss and knockout stages from open qualifying and award additional points. The combined standings will decide who advances to the World Championship, which will be reduced from 24 to 16 teams in the process using the same format as the Majors.

On January 4, 2024, it was announced that Blast ApS, a tournament organizer known for the Blast Premier circuit in Counter-Strike as well as organizing the esports circuit for Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege, would take over from Psyonix as organizer for the RLCS in 2024, having previously run the Fortnite Champion Series (Previously run by Psyonix's parent company Epic Games) since 2022.

The first major of the year was won by Gentlemates Alpine (Seikoo, Itachi, and Juicy), an esports team new to the 2024 Season with a large following from the Twitch streamer and co-founder of rival European esports Team Vitality, Gotaga. The second was won by G2 Esports (Atomic, Beastmode, and Daniel), the first All-American team to win an RLCS LAN.


Győri ETO KC

# Győri ETO KC

## Abstract

Győri ETO KC (Hungarian: Győri Egyetértés Torna Osztály Kézilabda Club, lit. Concordance Gymnastics Department of Győr Handball Club) is a Hungarian professional women's handball club from Győr. Since they are sponsored by Audi, the official name for the team is Győri Audi ETO KC.

On domestic level ETO won 17 Hungarian Championship titles, including seven in a row between 2008 and 2014. They are also a fifteen-time Hungarian Cup winners, having won all their finals between 2005 and 2016.

ETO won the Champions League in 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2024. The team also reached the final in 2009, 2012, 2016, and in 2022. In addition, Győr reached the final of the EHF Cup Winners' Cup in 2006 and the final of the EHF Cup in 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2005.

## History

The ETO was founded in 1904, but the women's handball section wasn't created until 1948. The first edition of the Hungarian Championship was held in 1951.

President János Lang and department leader Vilmos Joósz started to build the first "golden team" in the mid-fifties. The members of the first team that succeeded were Magdolna Matulay, Ilona Dittrich, Magdolna Novák, Ilona Szalai, and Éva Boudny. At the beginning, the coach of the team was Pál Kellner, but he emigrated to Sweden after the 1956 revolution, so the team was in a need for a new coach. Károly Varga took over the responsibility, but after the summer break, he was replaced by László Stéger.

In 1957, ETO won their first Hungarian Championship title - in their first season playing in the top level championship - after a victory in the final round against Goldberger. Multiple players missed the 1958 Championship due to pregnancy, therefore the team finished at the disappointing 8th position. The new year however brought success again, thanks to signing one of the greatest players of the era, Magda Jóna. ETO won the 1959 Championship, while Jóna became the topscorer with 225 goals scored. The successful performance continued, in 1960 they finished second behind Bp. Spartacus.

After Magda Jóna left the team in 1960, the success seemed to avoid the club as well. Between 1961 and 1965, ETO reached only a 4th and an 11th position, while László Stéger left the bench. His replacement was Jenő Kheim. In 1966, ETO finished 13th and got relegated from the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. They gained promotion to the first league once more for a season, but could not make their good run last long, since they got relegated even from the third division. The club of ETO decided to terminate the handball department.

Between 1980 and 1992, the handball team in Győr went through several struggles. They either played in the lower championships or were considered as a "middle team" in the first league. There were several name changes in the club's life, including Győri Vasas or Győri Richards. In 1992, Győri ETO Kézilabda Club was established, which was owned by the Municipality of Győr. The president was Attila Vanyus (between 1992 and 2012), who built up the successful club we know today with his persistent, hard work.

From 1993, a really strong team was formed in Győr. Players like Mariann Horváth, Beáta Hoffmann, Anikó Nagy, Gabriella Szabados, Eszter Mátéfi, and Anna Szántó were playing for ETO. They reached the 5th position, while Eszter Mátéfi became the top scorer of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I.Kálmán Róth took over the team from 1994. With his lead, the team played their first ever European Cup match in the City Cup against the Swiss team, ZMC Zürich. Katalin Pálinger, Krisztina Pigniczki and Anita Kulcsár were the key players of their club and the national team as well.

ETO played in the EHF Cup for the first time in the 1998/99 season. They reached the final, but fell short against the more powerful Danish side, Viborg HK.

After playing in lower tier European competitions for a couple of years, ETO got to debut in the top tier, also known as the Champions League in the 2000/01 season after beating Polish MKS Lublin in Round 2 of qualification. They could not go through from the group phase with one victory, two draws and three losses, on the other hand they finished 3rd in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. Important players left the team, so the staff decided to fill up the empty gaps with players from their own youth team. Players like Anita Görbicz, Ibolya Mehlmann, Viktória Petróczi, and Gabriella Kindl.

In 2002, ETO played the final of the EHF Cup against Ikast (53–61 on aggregate), then the semifinal of Cup Winners' Cup in 2003 against ESBF Besançon (45–56 on aggregate) and the 2004 EHF Cup final against Viborg HK (48–64 on aggregate), while more young players joined the squad, like Bernadett Bódi, Orsolya Herr, Renáta Mörtel, Bernadett Temes or Gabriella Juhász.

In 2005, ETO strengthened their team with Romanian internationals; Aurelia Brădeanu and Simona Gogîrlă. In the Hungarian Championship ETO was able to win the title after an exciting fight against Dunaferr, which meant that the gold medal returned to Győr after 46 years.

Since 2005, the club is sponsored by Audi, therefore the official name for the team is Győri Audi ETO KC. With the help of their new sponsor, they won 6 Hungarian Championship titles and 7 Hungarian Cup during seven seasons.

In the European Cups they first failed to qualify for Champions League 2004/05 season after losing to Ukrainian Motor Zaporizhzhia in the qualifiers, but they reached the final of EHF Cup in the meantime, after beating Polish SPR Lublin in Round 3 of qualification, Norwegian Våg Vipers in the 1/8 finals, Romania HC Zalău in the quarterfinals and German HC Leipzig in the semifinals, however they fell short against Hungarian rivals, Alcoa FKC. Then ETO also lost the final of EHF Cup Winners' Cup in 2006, where they lost against ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica from Serbia and Montenegro, 48–51 on aggregate.

In 2009, Győri ETO reached the final of the Champions League for the first time, meeting Danish champion Viborg HK. In the semifinals the triumphed against Austrian record champion and 8-time CL winner Hypo Niederösterreich, 54–47 on aggregate. Due to a knee injury suffered days before the first leg, captain Anita Görbicz couldn't take part in the finals. Győr won the first match away 26–24 but was defeated at Veszprém Aréna 23–26, thus losing the title on aggregate score. ETO players missed 9 penalties combined in the finals. On year later they lost the semifinals against Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea 45–49 on aggregate, then another year later another semifinal duel to Spanish Itxako Navarra, 50–45 on aggregate. In 2012, the team made it to the EHF Champions League finals again, where they fell short to ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica on the away goals rule. ETO won the first leg on home soil to 29–27, while their Montenegrin opponent achieved a 27–25 victory in the rematch which was just enough for them to gain the title. Not even Göbricz 's 21 goals scored in the finals combined were sufficient. ETO's bad luck seemed to continue in Europe, as this final was the 7th on European level they lost out of the 7 finals they have reached. In the meantime their dominance in Hungary wasn't questionable.

During this period both Hungarian and foreign handball talents and stars wore the green and white jersey, such as Anikó Kovacsics, Zsuzsanna Tomori, Eduarda Amorim, Katrine Lunde, Heidi Løke, Ana Gros, Andrea Lekić or Jovanka Radičević.

For the 2012/13 season, coach Ambros Martín joined the squad and have worked with the team for six years. ETO reached the final of the Champions League and could finally win after 7 lost European cup finals with the help of the Spaniard. They were able to win a thrilling semifinal rematch against Oltchim Vâlcea, where the guest Romanian team were leading in the 51st minute even with 6 goals. The last 10 minutes of the match were incredible from Győr's point of view, because they were able to come back to the match and lose with only 1 goal. Considering they have won their first match in Romania with 2 goals, that loss meant that they have made it to the final. Tables have turned, ETO won 48–47 on aggregate, and as a result they had to face the Norwegian powerhouse Larvik HK for the trophy. After a victory in Norway (24–21), they won the rematch and the title at the same time in the Veszprém Aréna. Since 2014 the winner of the Champions League have been decided in a Final Four tournament. ETO defended their title, which meant they won the last title in the old format and the first in the new one.

In the Ambros Martín era (2012–2018) ETO won 4 Champions League titles (in 2013 against Larvik, in 2014 against Budućnost, in 2017 against HC Vardar and in 2018 once again against HC Vardar) and lost one final (in 2016 against CSM București). Except for the 2014 final against Budućnost, which ended with a 27–21 ETO victory, all the finals of Martín led Győr had a thriller of an ending. ETO lost the final against CSM in 2016 in a penalty shootout, where Anikó Kovacsics was the only ETO-player able to score from the 7-metre line. They managed to beat Vardar in extra time on both occasions (31–30 in 2017 and 27–26 in 2018) with the second final becoming especially memorable with the last second save courtesy of Éva Kiss. The move was referred to by the press as the "Kiss of Death". In Hungary, their dominance remained, they won 5 Hungarian Championship titles and 5 Hungarian Cups, as well as 2 Hungarian Supercups. They lost two titles, both against Ferencváros.

In February 2018, the club announced that the most successful coach of the club's history, Ambros Martín won't extend his contract and will leave the team after the 2017–18 season, since he wanted to seek out new challenges. Gábor Danyi - who was the assistant coach of the team since 2011 - took over his place on the bench.

Danyi's first season as the head coach was one of ETO's best seasons so far. They did not just win all the titles possible, but remained unbeaten throughout the whole season. However, in May 2021 Danyi got sacked after a huge (9 goals) defeat against the domestic rivals Ferencváros, which also meant the team lost the National Championship title for the first time since 2015. The team lost 2 matches in total during Danyi's three-year tenure. Ambros Martín returned to the bench. In the Danyi era (2018–2021) ETO won 1 Hungarian Championship title, 2 Hungarian Cups and 1 Champions League final (against Russian Rostov, 25–24) as well as finishing 3rd once in the most prestigious European competition (after losing to French Brest in the semi final). The COVID-19 pandemic also happened to appear during this period, as well as Nycke Groot, a prominent player and first choice playmaker for the team decided to leave, and fight for different kind of goals.

On 4 June 2021 the legend and icon of Győri ETO KC, Anita Görbicz played her last match for the team and retired after spending 24 seasons playing for the club. Another important and outstanding player of the era, Eduarda Amorim also played her last match for the team that day, leaving the club after 12 seasons.

The club holds the record for the longest unbeaten run in the EHF Champions League. Between 5 February 2018 and 6 February 2022 all their matches ended with either a victory or a draw. They set the record for 70 unbeaten matches in a row. In March 2022 it was announced that Csaba Bartha, the president of the club got his contract terminated on mutual consent. On 24 September 2022 ETO lost a Champions League group match to French side Metz in the Audi Aréna after almost 7 years since the last loss on home court.

Beating HC Lokomotiva Zagreb 26:17 in round 11 (on 14 January 2023) of the competition marked Györ's record-setting 200th win in Champions League, becoming the first women's team to reach the respective milestone.

The second Martín era (2021–2023) came to an end after the season, and the management decided to turn into a different direction with assigning the Danish Ulrik Kirkely as the head coach of Győr. With Martín the club won both domestic national titles, but lost both domestic cups. In the CL they lost to Vipers Kristiansand both years, first in the 2022 final (31–33), then the 2023 semi final (35–37).

The tenure of the Danish coach wasn't long, on 13th March 2024 the club announced that they terminated the contract of Ulrik Kirkely and Kristian Danielsen with immediate effect, while Attila Kun (a coach from the club’s academy) was named as the temporary head coach, until they found their new head coach, Swedish Per Johansson. With Kirkely the team lost to Mosonmagyaróvár and Ferencváros away in the national championship, and after 11 victories on 11 games in the Champions League they lost two out of their remaining matches and also draw once. On top of this ETO lost the Magyar Kupa final against Ferencváros. Although Győr lost both the domestic title and cup, they managed to triumph in the Champions League for the 6th time overall after trying unsuccessfully for the previous five years. Johansson's squad first beat Team Esbjerg in the semi final (24–23), then German SG BBM Bietigheim for the trophy (30–24). Stine Bredal Oftedal, often referred to as "the engine of the team" decided to end her professional career, that became a sweet goodbye with a Champions League title, her third one in the green and white jersey overall.

## Crest, colours, supporters

### Kit manufacturers and Shirt sponsor

The following table shows in detail Győri ETO KC kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors by year:

## Arena

- Name: Audi Aréna

- City: Győr, Hungary

- Capacity: 5,500 spectators

- Address: H-9027 Győr, Kiskút liget 4,

## Team

### Current squad

### Transfers

### Staff members

- Chairman: Anita Görbicz

- International Relations: Tamás Szabó

- Technical Director: Tímea Konkoly

- Head Coach: Per Johansson

- Assistant Coach: Uroš Bregar

- Goalkeeping Coach: Éva Kiss

- Fitness Coach: Zoltán Holanek

- Club Doctor: Péter Balogh, MD

- Club Doctor: László Szálasy, MD

## Notable players

### Goalkeepers

#### Goalkeepers

- Beáta Hoffmann (–1985, 1992–2001)

- Katalin Pálinger (–2000, 2007–2012)

- Éva Kiss (2015–2020)

- Orsolya Herr (2000–2009, 2012–2015)

- Irina Sirina (2000–2005)

- Andrea Farkas (2006)

- Viktória Petróczi (1998–2007)

- Viktória Oguntoye (2007–2010)

- Vivien Víg (2009–2010)

- Amandine Leynaud (2018–2022, 2023)

- Jelena Grubišić (2014–2015)

- Stancuta Guiu (2006–2007)

- Silje Solberg-Østhassel (2020–2024)

- Katrine Lunde (2010–2015)

- Kari Aalvik Grimsbø (2015–2020)

- Laura Glauser (2020–2022)

- Rinka Duijndam (2023–2024)

- Sandra Toft (2022–)

#### Right wings

- Bernadett Bódi (2001–2007, 2013–2020)

- Viktória Győri-Lukács (2020–)

- Adrienn Orbán (2004–2005, 2009–2017)

- Mónika Kovacsicz (2003–2007)

- Zsuzsanna Lovász (2000–2003)

- Dorottya Faluvégi (2019–2023)

- Edina Kereki (1999–2001)

- Renáta Kári-Horváth (2001–2002)

- Emilie Hovden (2023–)

- Jovanka Radičević (2011–2013)

- Katarína Mravíková (2007–2011)

- Jana Knedlíková (2015–2020)

- Nadina Dumitru (1997–1999)

#### Right backs

- Anikó Nagy (1992–2001)

- Ágnes Hornyák (2006–2015)

- Ibolya Mehlmann (1999–2005)

- Bojana Radulović (2006–2007)

- Viktória Soós (2012–2014)

- Szabina Karnik (2007–2009)

- Krisztina Nagy (1992–1998, 2005–2006)

- Anita Herr (2005–2006, 2008–2009)

- Nora Mørk (2016–2019)

- Linn Jørum Sulland (2015–2016)

- Amanda Kurtović (2019–2020)

- Katarina Bulatović (2013–2014, 2019–2020)

- Susann Müller (2014–2015)

- Mireya González (2018)

- Ana Gros (2010–2012, 2022–2024)

- Ryu Eun-hee (2021–)

#### Line players

- Anita Kulcsár (1995–2001)

- Gyöngyi Kulcsár (1999–2002)

- Rita Borbás (2003–2005)

- Szabina Mayer (2005–2006, 2008–2011)

- Piroska Szamoránsky (–2005)

- Bernadett Horváth (2007–2009)

- Anett Kisfaludy (2007–2010)

- Heidi Løke (2011–2017)

- Kari Brattset Dale (2018–)

- Béatrice Edwige (2019–2021)

- Ana Đokić (2002–2008)

- Crina Pintea (2018–2019, 2021–2022)

- Ana Maria Somoi (2005–2007)

- Simona Spiridon (2007–2011)

- Vesna Milanović-Litre (2014–2015)

- Anja Althaus (2017–2018)

- Yvette Broch (2015–2018, 2022–2024)

- Linn Blohm (2021–)

- Tamires Morena (2015)

- Svetlana Moskovaya (1998–2002)

- Asma Elghaoui (2016–2017)

#### Centre backs

- Anita Görbicz (1997–2021)

- Nóra Jókai (2000–2004)

- Krisztina Pigniczki (1993–2001)

- Anikó Kovacsics (2006–2016)

- Bernadett Temes (2002–2008)

- Barbara Bognár (2003–2007)

- Stine Oftedal Dahmke (2017–2024)

- Estelle Nze Minko (2019–)

- Macarena Aguilar (2014–2015)

- Andrea Lekić (2011–2013)

- Nycke Groot (2015–2019)

#### Left backs

- Zsuzsanna Tomori (2007–2010, 2015–2019)

- Renáta Mörtel (1999–2006)

- Beatrix Prok (1999–2002)

- Dóra Deáki (2007–2010)

- Gyöngyi Drávai (2006–2008)

- Dóra Hornyák (2012–2014)

- Noémi Háfra (2021–2022)

- Gabriella Kindl (1999–2003)

- Anita Laczó

- Veronica Kristiansen (2018–)

- Ida Alstad (2016)

- Jelena Despotović (2021–2023)

- Aurelia Brădeanu (2004–2011)

- Simona Gogîrlă (2004–2007)

- Carmen Nițescu (2001–2004)

- Anne Mette Hansen (2017–2023)

- Line Haugsted (2022–2024)

- Eduarda Amorim (2009–2021)

- Bruna de Paula (2023–)

- Anna Sen (2014–2015)

- Eszter Mátéfi (1993–1997)

- Gabriela Rotiș (2008–2009)

#### Left wings

- Anna Szántó (1993–1996)

- Orsolya Vérten (2002–2012)

- Gabriella Juhász (2003–2007)

- Nadine Szöllősi-Schatzl (2010–2012, 2021–2024)

- Csenge Fodor (2017–)

- Marianna Bordásné Horváth (1992–2001)

- Dorina Korsós (2012–2017)

- Ivett Szepesi (2012–2015)

- Patrícia Szölösi (2007–2011)

- Raphaëlle Tervel (2012–2014, 2022)

## Head coach history

## Honours

### Domestic competitions

Nemzeti Bajnokság I (National Championship of Hungary)

- Champions (17) – record: 1957, 1959, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2021–22, 2022–23

- Runners-up: 1960, 1997–98, 1999–00, 2003–04, 2006–07, 2014–15, 2020–21, 2023–24

- Third place: 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03

Magyar Kupa (National Cup of Hungary)

- Winners (15): 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21

- Finalists: 1999–00, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2016–17, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24

Szuperkupa (Super Cup of Hungary); Championship vs. Cup winner

- Winners: 2014 (Ch.), 2015 (C.)

### European competitions

- EHF Champions League: Winners: 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2024 Finalists: 2009, 2012, 2016, 2022 Third place/Semifinalists: 2007, 2008, 2010, 2021, 2023

- Winners: 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2024

- Finalists: 2009, 2012, 2016, 2022

- Third place/Semifinalists: 2007, 2008, 2010, 2021, 2023

- EHF Cup Winners' Cup: Finalists: 2006

- Finalists: 2006

- EHF Cup: Finalists: 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005

- Finalists: 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005

### Others

- Hungarian Sport Team Of The Year: 2014, 2017, 2018

## Recent seasons

- Seasons in Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 43

- Seasons in Nemzeti Bajnokság I/B: 9

- Seasons in Nemzeti Bajnokság II: 2

### In European competition

Source: kézitörténelem.hu

- Participations in Champions League: 20×

- Participations in EHF European League (EHF Cup): 4×

- Participations in Challenge Cup (City Cup): 2×

- Participations in Cup Winners' Cup: 3×

Statistics: matches played – 367, wins – 269, draws – 23, losses – 75, goals scored – 10,735, goals conceded – 9,010, goal difference – +1,725

## Statistics

### Top scorers by season


# North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship

## Abstract

The North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship is an annual inter-divisional adult hurling tournament organised by the Tipperary County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association that has taken place in North Tipperary since 1927. The series of games take place during the months of March, May and April.

The championship has always been played using a knock-out format. The winners and runners-up of the North Tipperary Championship joined their counterparts from the other three divisions to contest the Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship quarter-finals.

There are currently 4 teams competing for this title. The title has been won by a total of 18 different clubs during its existence. The all time record holders are Burgess who have won a total of 14 titles.

The current holders of the title are Moneygall, who won back to back titles after defeating Portroe on a score of 2-24 to 4-11 in the 2024 championship final.

## Final results

The results of the finals from the years 1927-1999 were found in the book 'A History of the GAA in the North Tipperary Division'. The results can also be seen on the North Tipperary Gaa Website


Yuna (singer)

# Yuna (singer)

## Abstract

Yunalis binti Mat Zara'ai (Jawi: يوناليس بنت مد ظراعي; born 14 November 1986), known professionally as Yuna, is a Malaysian singer. Her initial exposure came through the viral success of her music uploaded to Myspace, which received over one million plays. This online success alerted an indie-pop label/management company to her music, and in early 2011 she signed with the Fader Label. She is best known for her collaboration with Usher on her breakout single " Crush ", which peaked at number 3 on the US Billboard Adult R&B chart. From 2010-2015, she was the 2nd Most Popular Female Singer in Malaysia with Siti Nurhaliza at first place and Stacy (singer) at 3rd place.

Born in Kedah and raised in Perlis and Selangor states to Perakian Malay parents of Buginese descent from Kuala Kangsar and Batu Gajah, she began writing songs at age 14. She soon taught herself to play guitar, and by 2006, in need of a creative outlet while attending law school, performed for an audience for the first time. Yuna made her recorded debut album in Malaysia in 2008 with a self-titled EP, earned five Malaysian Music Awards nominations (the Malaysian equivalent of the Grammy). She took home four trophies, including Best New Artist and Best Song for her breakthrough hit " Dan Sebenarnya ".

The Decorate (EP) followed two years later. Decorate included the viral hit "Rocket," which won raves from Billboard magazine, indie rock radio station KEXP, and hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons, as well as a feature in Spin ' s "Eight Bands You Need to Hear Now". For her performances, Yuna was nominated as one of MTV's Iggy's Best New Bands in the World in 2011, and she marked the occasion by playing at the historic MTV Studios.

The 2012 single " Live Your Life ", produced by Pharrell Williams, was a preamble to her self-titled full-length debut, which arrived that April. That summer, Yuna appeared at Lollapalooza. In 2013, Yuna returned with the album Nocturnal, featuring the single "Falling". In February 2016, Yuna previewed her third album with the release of "Places to Go", a single produced by hip-hop artist DJ Premier. The full album, Chapters, was released three months later.

In December 2016, Chapters broke into the Top 10 of the Billboard Best R&B Albums of 2016: Critic's Pick; Chapters ranked at number 7. Yuna received an award for the Most Successful Malaysian Singer from the Malaysian Book Of Records. Chapters was also nominated in the Top 20 Best R&B Albums of 2016 by Rolling Stone magazine. Yuna performed as a special guest at the 2016 Soul Train Music Awards.

In May 2017, Yuna became the first singer from Asia to be nominated for a BET Award; Yuna received a nomination for the BET Centric Award for "Crush", her duet single with Usher.

## Early life

Yuna grew up in Subang Jaya, Selangor and Kangar, Perlis, in Malaysia.

### Education

Yuna attended SMK Derma, Kangar, Perlis and SMK USJ 4 Subang Jaya, Selangor. After that, Yuna attended Universiti Teknologi MARA in Shah Alam, where she studied legal studies at its Faculty of Law. In 2009, she graduated with a Bachelor of Legal Studies (Hons.) degree.

## Career

### 2001–2010: Beginnings and early success

Yuna began writing her own songs when she was 14 years old and began performing at age 19 after she learned how to play guitar. She has performed in numerous acoustic shows and events in many parts of Malaysia since 2006. The same year, she auditioned for the first season of One in a Million, making it to the top 40 round before she was eliminated from the competition.

In October 2008, she released her second EP, the self-titled Yuna. Its single "Deeper Conversation" became a hit in Malaysia. Her meteoric rise in the Malaysian indie music scene was helped by the strong following she gained on Myspace. Her first studio album, Decorate, was released in July 2010 under her indie label Yuna Room Records.

### 2011–2013: Early international breakthrough

Yuna was eventually discovered in the US by the indie-Pop record label and management company. They flew out to Malaysia to convince her to sign with them and then proceeded to get her a deal with Fader Label, a record label based in New York, in February 2011. She released her debut US EP, Decorate, in the United States in March 2011.

On 24 January 2012, her single " Live Your Life " debuted on iTunes. The track was produced by Grammy Award-winning producer, Pharrell Williams. MTV Iggy described the track as, "polished until it gleams but instead of burying Yuna, it lifts her up. The track has hinted that a diva is waiting to shine." On 16 February, the official music video for "Live Your Life" was released. On 24 April 2012, Yuna's US debut self-titled album was released. Debuting at No. 23 on the Pop chart and No. 86 on the Top 100 Albums on iTunes, Yuna was also No. 23 on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart. Accolades from fans and critics alike, such as Billboard, NPR, Elle, The New York Times, Vibe Claire and National Geographic, who stated that her sound is "as fresh, honest and deeply personal as anything by Bon Iver or Tune-Yards," have been rolling in.

Yuna performed " Live Your Life " on late-night TV shows Conan and Last Call with Carson Daly. She was featured on the CBS Evening News in a featured profile piece and toured with Graffiti6 with stops at Bonnaroo and Lollapalooza. She also contributed to the Savages soundtrack on the track, Here Comes the Sun. Yuna also performed as part of the Lollapalooza 2012 line up.

Yuna was the first runner-up of MTV Iggy's Best New Bands in the World. She performed at the historic MTV Studios in Times Square, New York singing "Decorate", "Come As You Are", "Lullabies" which is produced by Chris Braide and her new single "Live Your Life", which is produced by Pharrell Williams of N.E.R.D.

Yuna recently signed with Verve Music Group. Multiple Grammy-winning producer David Foster, who heads the creative operations of Verve, tweeted: "I'm really excited about the next hot artist to join Verve Music. Stay tuned and keep an eye out for Yuna in 2013". She also made the Heatseekers Album chart on Billboard with "Live Your Life".

### 2013–2015: Nocturnal

Yuna released her second international album, Nocturnal on 29 October 2013 by Verve Records. "I Want You Back" featuring Vietnamese rapper, Derez aired on " Love & Hip Hop: New York " 20 January 2014. On 9 January 2014, Yuna graced the Jimmy Kimmel Live! studios, promoting her new album, Nocturnal. She performed the singles "Falling" and "Rescue" with assistance from a live band.

In December 2014, Yuna released the song "Broke Her" as a single. It features a sample of Drake 's 0 to 100.

On 31 January 2015, Yuna performed in the closing ceremony of 2015 AFC Asian Cup. She has been appointed as Malaysia's tourism adviser to boost tourist arrivals in the country along with Dato' Siti Nurhaliza and Datuk Jimmy Choo Yeang Keat on June of the same year.

Yuna recorded the song Strawberry Letter 23 by singer Shuggie Otis used in a commercial for Swedish fashion retailer H&M starring Ukrainian-Canadian model Daria Werbowy that aired in March 2015.

### 2016–2018: Chapters

On 20 May 2016, Yuna released her latest album Chapters through Verve Records. The album features the collaboration from Usher, Jhené Aiko and DJ Premier. As of December 2016, the album had been selected by Billboard in 7th place of its 2016 Critics' Picks for Best R&B Album. Yuna receive recognition from The Malaysia Book of Records for The First R&B Album Listed In Top 10 Billboard Charts In The United States.

On 25 July 2017, Yuna took to the Late Night with Seth Meyers stage at NBC Studios to promote her album and performs "Used To Love You" from Chapters. The Jhené Aiko-assisted track was instead backed by an incredible full band complete with violins as part of a small string section.

In December 2018, Yuna created history when gathering a streaming total of about 36 million in Spotify throughout 2018.

### 2019–2021: Rouge, directional debut and RIAA certification

Yuna returned to finish up work for her fourth international album after taking a short break following her wedding. She further described the new direction for the upcoming album, which will be the "opposite" of her previous record, "Chapters". In an interview with Singapore's Straits Times, Yuna teased that the new album will also feature guest stars; however, no names were disclosed. She also hinted that a new song off the upcoming album would be released in March 2019. Yuna described the whole process of making the new album as "happier", with more freedom compared to her previous releases.

In a detailed interview with Riff Magazine on 25 February 2019, Yuna described that the upcoming album was in the process of finishing up and that it brings everything full circle by going back to the music her father listened to when she was young. "It's still Yuna, it's pop music, but it's pop and R&B. For this album, we wanted to bring back the feel of old records, old vinyl."

Yuna released " Forevermore " on 5 April 2019. In a Star2 article, she said that the song "is about growing up in a small town and coming from a small country and how that environment made me strive to be the best that I can be." For the video she had enlisted her husband Adam Sinclair who is a director, and they shot the video entirely in Malaysia, mostly in Kuala Lumpur and Perlis. "Forevermore" debuted at number one on Malaysia's RIM Domestic Chart on 11 April 2019, her first number-one since the reintroduction of the official chart in 2017.

Apart from making her new album, Yuna ventured into the directing scene. She made her directional debut in October 2018 for Malaysia's duo, Hani & Zue's "Alone". Yuna later directed another video for the duo, "Aku dan Laguku".

On 17 April 2019, Yuna earned her very first RIAA certification when her song " Crush " logged a gold certified sales of 500,000 copies. This feat was achieved three years after the song was released.

Yuna released her second promotional single from her upcoming album, " Blank Marquee " featuring American rapper, G-Eazy on 16 May 2019. The music video was shot in Kuala Lumpur, featuring Malaysian actor, Amerul Affendi and also directed by Sinclair. On the same day, Yuna revealed several titles and lyrics from her new album Rouge, which was released on 12 July 2019.

### 2022–present: Y5

On 4 March 2022, announced that her fifth international album, Y5, would be released in five installations: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and Y5.

## Artistry

### Musical style

Yuna possesses a light lyric soprano voice. She once described her music as "a cross between Mary Poppins and Coldplay ". She explains about this characterization of her musical style, "I can't believe people still hold onto that! It was a quote that I had on, like, my Myspace music page seven years ago. But yeah, what I meant to say is I like to incorporate a lot of different genres in my music, and, you know, having a sense of honesty and sincerity in the lyrics as well. But I'm still pop at the same time."

### Influences

Yuna has cited Coldplay, Bob Dylan, and Feist as influences, having been introduced to them by her father. Growing up in Malaysia, she listened to a lot of The Cardigans, Fiona Apple, and Garbage.

### Collaborations

Throughout her music career, Yuna has collaborated with many world-renowned artists, such as Usher, Tyler, the Creator, Epik High, G-Eazy, Jay Park, Jhené Aiko, KYLE, Little Simz, and MIYAVI.

## Businesses

Yuna co-owns a women's clothes boutique, IAMJETFUEL, in Subang Jaya, Selangor. In 2014, she re-opened the shop with a new name, 'November Culture', which is also situated in Subang Jaya with a worldwide online presence. 14Nov by Yuna Zarai (brand name) are clothes and scarves that are designed by Yuna herself. She started introducing this brand in the US by promoting it in fashion shows (Fashion Fighting Famine or #FFFShow) in California. Besides that, she also opened a pop store in New York as well as Los Angeles. Recently, she has launched her new collaboration with Malaysian designer, Hatta Dolmat.

On 1 May 2018, Yuna announced on her Instagram account that the November Culture boutique had ceased operations.

## Personal life

### Relationships

Yuna has been married to Malaysian director, Adam Sinclair, himself the younger brother of actor Ashraf Sinclair and actress/presenter Aishah Sinclair, since 2018.

### Religion

Yuna is a Muslim. Speaking on her hijab, she stated:

When I first started playing music, I was already covered... wearing headscarves. And, like, normally, people would expect you to change, toss this part of your life away so that you could be a pop star. But I just wanted to make music, not really be a "pop star" pop star. And there's always people who wouldn't necessarily agree with what I'm doing right now. But I'm really happy with where I am right now, you know. I'm a Muslim. I don't try to hide it. I'm also a girl who loves music. And I don't try to hide that as well.

### Sexual harassment

In March 2018, Yuna revealed in a statement on Twitter that for the previous six months she was the victim of sexual harassment and revealed that the perpetrator had been sending threatening comments to her Instagram account.

## In popular culture

Yuna covered " Here Comes the Sun " by the Beatles for the 2012 film, Savages. The song was featured during the ending credits. "Tourist" was featured as part of the soundtrack in season 1 of a US TV series, Arrow. Her song "Favourite Thing" was featured in another US TV series Pretty Little Liars. She also recorded a song in collaboration with Adam Young of Owl City called "Shine Your Way" for the soundtrack of the animated film The Croods. The film was released by DreamWorks Animation in March 2013. Another Yuna song "Lullabies" was also featured in 90210, the reboot of Beverly Hills, 90210. This song was also featured in Being Mary Jane. Yuna also had her song "Lights and Camera" featured on an episode of the third season of the US reality show Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta. "Lights and Camera" was also used as one of the soundtracks from Beyond the Lights. A remix of the song was released on 17 November 2014 that features appearance from an American rapper, G-Eazy. "All I Do", the last track of her third international album, Chapters, has been chosen as the soundtrack for the pilot episode in season 13 of the popular American medical drama TV series, Grey's Anatomy. The song was aired on 22 September 2016 on the ABC channel in the United States.

Yuna's version of A Whole New World from the 1992 Disney film Aladdin, which was also sung by Peabo Bryson and Celine Dion, featured in the Deluxe Edition (bonus track) for the album We Love Disney (2015 compilation album). Beside Yuna, a number of other artists such as Ariana Grande, Ne-Yo, Jessie J, Jason Derulo, Gwen Stefani, Fall Out Boy, and Tori Kelly were also involved in the album published by David Foster.A remix version of her song " Live Your Life " by MeLo-X appeared on the in-game radio station WorldWide FM in the video game Grand Theft Auto V. The Adventure Club 's remix of her song "Lullabies" was also featured as in the 2016 video game Steep. Yuna was also featured in the Malaysian version of KakaoTalk advertisement, released in Malay, English, and Chinese language. Her 2011 single "Someone Out Of Town" was sampled by late rapper XXXTentacion on his song Let's Pretend We're Numb. In 2022, her single Lights and Camera can be heard in the CNN commercial for "Reframed - Marilyn Monroe".

## Discography

- Yuna (2012)

- Nocturnal (2013)

- Chapters (2016)

- Rouge (2019)

- Y5 (2022)

- Decorate (2011)

- Sixth Street (2013)

- Y1 (2022)

- Y2 (2022)

- Y3 (2022)

- Y4 (2022)

- Decorate (2010)

- Terukir di Bintang (2012)

- Material (2015)

## Tours

- Summer Tour (2012)

- Nocturnal Tour (2014)

- Chapters Tour (2016)

- Rouge Tour (2019)

- Yunaverse/Asia Tour (2023)


Grésin plaque

# Grésin plaque

## Abstract

The Grésin plaque (sometimes called the plaque du Broc) is a red terracotta tile discovered in France. It is known for its bizarre, intermingled early Christian and Germanic pagan iconography. It has been dated to sometime before the 8th century CE.

## Provenance

The plaque was discovered in the commune of Le Broc, Puy-de-Dôme before 1830 by Jacques-Antoine Dulaure. It was supposedly among twenty which covered a tomb unearthed in Blanède, near Grésin. The plaque was thereafter in the possession of Maurice Girot, subprefect of Issoire; Pierre-Pardoux Mathieu, archeologist and professor at Issoire; and Gustave Grange, an antique dealer from Clermont-Ferrand. The stone was donated to the Musée des Antiquités Nationales by Gustave Grange's grandson, Louis, in 1952.

## Appearance and interpretation

The tile is red terracotta and measures 42 cm by 27.5 cm by 3.5 cm. The tile depicts a human figure head-on, though his feet are in profile, with arms bent at the elbows and spread. His face is circular and beardless. The figure's forehead is marked with a monogrammatic cross in between an alpha and omega and he appears to wear a headdress (perhaps a diadem or tiara). In his left hand he wields a spear, in his right a circular object. A sword hangs off his belt. A serpent slithers underfoot while three lion's heads menace him from the side. (The identical lion's heads appear to have been imprinted on the terracotta using a 3rd-century Gallo-Roman matrix). He is dressed in a belted tunic, cape and boots. His penis is visible between his legs. He also wears a necklace.

The identification of this figure with Christ was first proposed by Mathieu in 1846. The figure is thus Christ fighting the serpent and lion's heads, symbols of evil. The objects in either hand are perhaps a lance and a globe, mingling symbols of Roman imperial victory with those of Christ's triumph. The archeologist Raymond Lantier is among those who support this interpretation. Pagan influences are on view in the visible phallus; and Inès Villela-Petit sees influence from the Gallic pagan god Lugus in the figure (noting his attributes in the necklace, headdress, spear, and serpent).

Though the Christian influence on the plaque is undeniable, the bizarreness of the iconography frustrates identification of the figure with Christ. As archeologist Michael Friedrich has put it, "why is the figure naked, what is the disc-shaped object in its right hand, and what do the three lion heads mean? explaining this figure as a somewhat odd vernacular ‘Germanic’ representation of Christ falls short." The historian J. M. Wallace-Hadrill has gone as far as to say that "were it not for the presence of the Christian monogram with alpha and omega it would never occur to anyone to detect Christ here".

## Date

Due to its crude execution, the tile's authenticity was, for a time, questioned. Pierre-François Fournier, for example, believed it to be an 18th-century hoax. In the 1980s, a sample was taken from the back in order to perform thermoluminescence dating, which confirmed that the plaque was at least 1000 years old. However, a wide range dates before 800 CE have been proposed for the tile. Françoise Vallet and Guirec Querre suggest a date within the 4th and 5th centuries, Inès Villela-Petit in the 5th and 6th centuries, and Alexandra Pesch in the 7th or 8th centuries.


Illegal (cocktail)

# Illegal (cocktail)

## Abstract

The Illegal is an IBA official cocktail. This cocktail is named after the mezcal brand " Ilegal Mezcal," which is one of its key ingredients. Mezcal is a type of Mexican distilled spirit made from agave plants, similar to tequila but with a distinct smoky flavor.


1836 in Germany

# 1836 in Germany

## Abstract

Events from the year 1836 in Germany

## Incumbents

- Kingdom of Prussia Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)

- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)

- Kingdom of Bavaria Monarch - Ludwig I (1825–1848) Prime Minister – Karl von Abel (1837–1847)

- Monarch - Ludwig I (1825–1848)

- Prime Minister – Karl von Abel (1837–1847)

- Kingdom of Saxony Anthony (5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836) Frederick Augustus (6 June 1836–1854)

- Anthony (5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836)

- Frederick Augustus (6 June 1836–1854)

- Kingdom of Hanover William IV (26 June 1830 to 1837)

- William IV (26 June 1830 to 1837)

- Kingdom of Württemberg William (1816–1864)

- William (1816–1864)

## Events

- March 29 – Richard Wagner 's opera Das Liebesverbot is performed for the first time, in Magdeburg.

- October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.

- October 16 – Alte Pinakothek in Munich opened.

- The dissertation of the German writer Georg Büchner on the common barbel (fish), Barbus barbus, "Mémoire sur le Système Nerveux du Barbeaux (Cyprinus barbus L.)", appears in Paris and Strasbourg. After receiving his doctorate, he is appointed in October by the University of Zurich as a lecturer in anatomy.

## Births

- May 25 – Lina von Perbandt, German landscape painter (died 1884)

- May 28 – Friedrich Baumfelder, German composer, conductor, and pianist (d. 1916) – Alexander Mitscherlich (died 1918), German chemist.

- – Friedrich Baumfelder, German composer, conductor, and pianist (d. 1916)

- – Alexander Mitscherlich (died 1918), German chemist.

- October 6 – Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, German neuroanatomist (d. 1921)

## Deaths

- January 1 – Bernhard Meyer, German physician, ornithologist (b. 1767)

- January 16 – Heinrich Christoph Kolbe, German portrait painter (born 1771)

- August 25 – Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, German physician (b. 1762)

- September 12 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German playwright (b. 1801)


2024–25 Ferencvárosi TC season

# 2024–25 Ferencvárosi TC season

## Abstract

The 2024–25 season is Ferencvárosi Torna Club 's 121th competitive season, 16th consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, where they will be competing as six-time defending champions and 126th year in existence as a football club. In addition to the domestic league, Ferencváros participate in this season's editions of the Magyar Kupa, UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

## Kits

Supplier: Macron / Sponsor: Magyar Telekom / Tippmix

### Kit usage

We indicate in parentheses the number of round.

## First team squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

## Transfers

### Summer

Sources:

### Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Sources:

## Friendlies

Win Draw Loss Fixtures

### Pre-season

### Mid-season

Source:

## Competitions

### Overview

In italics, we indicate the Final position achieved in competition(s) that have not yet been completed.

Last updated: 1 September 2024 Source: Soccerway

### Nemzeti Bajnokság I

#### League table

#### Results summary

Last updated: 1 September 2024. Source: Soccerway

#### Results by round

#### Matches

Win Draw Loss Postponed

Source:

#### Results overview

All results are indicated from the perspective of Ferencvárosi TC. We indicate in parentheses the number of round. Win Draw Loss Postponed

### Magyar Kupa

#### Round of 64

The draw for the Round of 64 was held on 26 August 2024. Budafok also started the Magyar Kupa competitions in this round.

#### Round of 32

The draw for the Round of 32 will hold on 16 September 2024.

### UEFA Champions League

#### Second qualifying round

Ferencváros won 7–1 on aggregate.

#### Third qualifying round

Midtjylland won 3–1 on aggregate.

### UEFA Europa League

#### Play-off round

1–1 on aggregate, Ferencváros won 3–2 on penalties.

#### League phase

The draw for the League phase was held on 30 August 2024. The team for League Phase: Goalkeepers: Dibusz, Á. Varga – Defenders: Botka, Cissé, Ćivić, Gartenmann, Gustavo, Kaján, Ramírez, Szalai – Midfielders: Abu Fani, Ben Romdhane, Kady, Maïga, Makreckis, Rommens, A. Tóth, Zachariassen – Forwards: Saldanha, Gruber, Misidjan, Pešić, Traoré, B. Varga

## Squad statistics

### Appearances

Includes all competitions for senior teams. We indicate the number of the player's appearances as substitute by the combination of a plus sign and a figure.

Notes: GK: goalkeeper; DF: defender; MF: midfielder; FW: forward

### Goal scorers

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total goals are equal. Players with no goals not included in the list. We indicate in parentheses how many of the goals scored by the player from penalties.

### Assists

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total assists are equal. Players with no assists not included in the list.

### Goalkeppers

#### Clean sheets

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total clean sheets are equal. Numbers in parentheses represent games where both goalkeepers participated and both kept a clean sheet; the number in parentheses is awarded to the goalkeeper who was substituted on, whilst a full clean sheet is awarded to the goalkeeper who was on the field at the start of play.

### Disciplinary record

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by red cards, then yellow cards (and by squad number when total cards are equal). Players with no cards not included in the list.

### Captains

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total number of games where a player started as captain are equal. Players with no games started as captain not included in the list.

## Attendances

Home stadium: Groupama Arena, Budapest – Capacity: 23,700 (22,122 in international matches)

## Awards and nominations

### Weekly awards

#### Player of the Round

Player of the Week by Nemzeti Sport and Round Selection of Nemzeti Bajnokság by Nemzeti Sport and Csakfoci websites.

#### Goal of the Round

Goal of the Round of Nemzeti Bajnokság by the M4 Sport website.

- Score – The score at the time of the goal. Ferencvárosi TC's score listed first.

- Final score – The score at full time; Ferencvárosi TC's listed first.

### Monthly awards

#### Player of the Month

Player of the Month by Ferencvárosi TC (Sponsored: HSA Group).

### Yearly awards

## Milestones

Debuts

The following players made their competitive debuts for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

50th appearances

The following players made their 50th appearances for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

First goals

The following players scored their first goals for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

- Score – The score at the time of the goal. Ferencvárosi TC's score listed first.

- Final score – The score at full time; Ferencvárosi TC's listed first.