Battle of Palkhed

# Battle of Palkhed

## Abstract

The Battle of Palkhed was fought on 28 February 1728 at the village of Palkhed, near the city of vaijapur, in what is now Maharashtra, India, between the Maratha Confederacy and the Hyderabad State wherein the Marathas defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad.

## Prelude

The battle plan was set by the withdrawal of Baji Rao I 's army from the southern reaches of the Maratha empire during May 1727. This was followed by Shahu breaking off negotiations with the Nizam-ul-Mulk about the restoration of the Chauth.

## Battle

Baji Rao and the Maratha armies were called back from the south, from the Karnataka campaign. In May 1727, Baji Rao then asked Shahu to break off negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I (Nizam-ul-Mulk had called for arbitration over the payment of the Chauth and sardeshmukhi) and started mobilizing an army. With the monsoons over and the land ready for this campaign, Baji Rao moved towards Aurangabad.

After defeating Iwaz Khan, the General of Nizam-ul-Mulk, and plundering Jalna and Sindkhed, Baji Rao moved towards Burhanpur.

When Baji Rao left North Khandesh and headed west to Gujarat, Nizam-ul-Mulk's army pursued him. The Nizam-ul-Mulk, however, threw up the chase and headed south towards Pune. It is known that the Nizam brought massive army and enough supplies to last the entire campaign with him. However, the Maratha armies were quite small and obtained supplies by pillaging and raiding outposts while travelling.

### Sambhaji II's withdrawal

In Baramati, Nizam-ul-Mulk got news of Baji Rao moving towards Aurangabad. Nizam-ul-Mulk began moving northwards to intercept the Maratha Army. By this time he was confident of crushing Baji Rao and his army. However, the Raja of Kolhapur, Sambhaji II refused to join him in this campaign. The Nizam was cornered in a waterless tract near Palkhed on 25 February 1728. Through Iwaz Khan, the Nizam-ul-Mulk sent out a word of his plight, and his army was allowed to move to the vicinity of the river. The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Nizam-ul-Mulk as the Subedar of the Deccan.

## Aftermath

The Nizam of Hyderabad was defeated by the Marathas, and Peshwa Baji Rao I made him sign a peace treaty on 6 March 1728 at the village of Mungi-Paithan.

By the treaty of Munji Shivagaon, the Nizam agreed to make certain concessions to the Peshwa.

- Chhatrapati Shahu was recognised as the sole Maratha ruler.

- Marathas were given the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of Deccan.

- Those revenue collectors driven out would be reappointed.

- The balance revenue was to be paid to Chhatrapati Shahu.

## Montgomery's conclusion

British field marshal Bernard Montgomery studied Baji Rao's tactics in the Palkhed campaign, particularly his rapid movements and his troops' ability to live off the land (with little concern about supply and communication lines) while conducting " maneuver warfare " against the enemy. In his book, A Concise History of Warfare, Montgomery wrote the following about Baji Rao's victory at Palkhed:

They (Marathas) were at their best in the eighteenth century, and the Palkhed campaign of 1727–28 in which Baji Rao I outgeneralled Nizam-ul-Mulk, is a masterpiece of strategic mobility. Baji Rao's army was a purely mounted force, armed only with sabre, lance, a bow in some units and a round shield. There was a spare horse for every two men. The Marathas moved unencumbered by artillery, baggage, or even handguns and defensive armour. They supplied themselves by looting.

Montgomery further wrote,

Baji Rao resented the Nizam's rule over the Deccan and it was he who struck the first blow. In October 1727, as soon as rainy season ended, Baji Rao burst into the territories of Nizam. The lightly equipped Marathas moved with great rapidity, avoiding the main towns and fortresses, living off the country, burning and plundering. They met one reverse at the hands of Nizam's able lieutenant, Iwaz Khan, at the beginning of November 1727, but within a month they had fully recovered and were off again, dashing east, north, west, with sudden changes in direction. The Nizam had mobilised his forces, and for a time pursued them, but he was bewildered by the swift unpredictable movements of Marathas, and his men became exhausted.


1965 NFL season

# 1965 NFL season

## Abstract

The 1965 NFL season was the 46th regular season of the National Football League. The Green Bay Packers won the NFL title after defeating the Cleveland Browns in the championship game, the last before the Super Bowl era.

## War with the AFL

The NFL's war with the rival American Football League began to increase as the two leagues competed for the top players coming out of college. Prior to the season, both the NFL's Chicago Bears and the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs selected running back Gale Sayers in their respective league drafts. Sayers eventually decided to sign with the NFL's Bears in a victory for the established league. On the other hand, quarterback Joe Namath was selected by both the NFL's St. Louis Cardinals and the AFL's New York Jets, but Namath decided to play for the Jets after signing a $427,000 contract for three years.

This war between the AFL and the NFL would escalate until just before the 1966 season, when they would agree to merge and create a new AFL-NFL World Championship Game between the winners of the two leagues, that later would be known as the Super Bowl.

## Draft

The 1965 NFL draft was held on November 28, 1964, at New York City 's Summit Hotel. With the first pick, the New York Giants selected back Tucker Frederickson from Auburn University.

## Major rule changes

- A sixth official, the Line Judge, is added to the officiating crew. This change is sometimes referred to as the " Fran Tarkenton Rule" after the Minnesota Vikings quarterback, who developed the nickname scrambler as he ran around the backfield to avoid being sacked by the opposition. With the Line Judge stationed on the line of scrimmage opposite the Head Linesman, it made it easier for the officials to judge whether or not Tarkenton or any mobile quarterback crossed over the line before throwing the ball. Five officials had been used since 1947, when the back judge was added.

- Head linesman Burl Toler became the NFL's first black official. He worked in the league through 1987.

- Officials were permitted to wear short-sleeved shirts for the first time.

## Division races

Each team played each of the six other teams in its division twice. In addition, each team played two of the seven teams from the other division to complete the 14-game schedule. Thus, each week's schedule included 6 intra-divisional games (3 from each division) and one inter-divisional game. In 1965 the Western Division dominated the Eastern Division winning 13 out of the 14 interdivisional games. The lone win for the Eastern Division was a 39–31 victory by Dallas over San Francisco in week eight.

As in 1964, the Eastern Division race started out as a battle between the Cardinals and the Browns. By Week Five (October 17), both had 4–1–0 records, but the Cards won only one more game after that, finishing 5–9. The Browns won all seven of their remaining divisional games during the same stretch, losing only their two inter-divisional games against Western opponents. The Browns had clinched the conference title by November 28.

In the Western Division race, Green Bay won its first six games before a 31–10 loss at Chicago on Halloween put it in a tie with the Baltimore Colts. In Week Eight (November 7), the Packers lost again, 12–7 to Detroit, while the Colts beat Chicago 26–21. Both teams won their next two games, but in Week Eleven, the Packers lost 21–10 to the Rams, and the Colts averted a loss by tying the Lions, 24–24. In Week Twelve, Green Bay closed the gap with a 24–19 win over the Vikings, while the Colts fell to Chicago, losing the game (13–0) and their star quarterback, Johnny Unitas, to a knee injury.

With backup Gary Cuozzo passing for the Colts, they met the Packers again, in Baltimore, on December 12, and Paul Hornung scored five touchdowns as Green Bay won, 42–27, to take a half-game division lead, 10–3 to 9–3–1. Along with the division lead, the Colts lost another quarterback when Cuozzo was injured. In the final weekend, the Colts were in Los Angeles for a Saturday game that they had to win but were losing 17–10. A tying touchdown by fourth-string quarterback Ed Brown helped the Colts knot the game 17–17, but a tie wasn't enough. It took Lou Michaels ' field goal to get a 20–17 win and a 10–3–1 record. A Green Bay win the next day in San Francisco would have ended the race, and the Packers leading and were slightly more than a minute away from the title game, but the 49ers tied the game, 24–24, with 1:07 to play. Both Green Bay and Baltimore had 10–3–1 records, forcing a playoff for the day after Christmas.

## Final standings

## Playoffs

As the Green Bay Packers and Baltimore Colts were tied for first place in the Western Division standings after the regular season ended, a divisional playoff game was required, and was held in Green Bay at Lambeau Field: although the Packers had beaten the Colts in both of their games in 1965, there were no tiebreaking rules at the time.

In the playoff game, with both Colts starting quarterback Johnny Unitas and backup Gary Cuozzo injured, Baltimore was forced to use Tom Matte, normally a running back, as quarterback: Matte played the position in college at Ohio State. Further, Packers quarterback Bart Starr was injured on the first play from scrimmage and did not return to the game, being relieved by Zeke Bratkowski.

After Green Bay's Don Chandler kicked a 27-yard field goal with less than two minutes remaining to tie the game 10-10, the playoff went into overtime, where Chandler kicked a 25-yard field goal with 1:21 remaining in the period to win the Packers the Western Division title.

The following week at Lambeau, Starr returned as starter, with the Packers defeating the Cleveland Browns in the NFL Championship Game, the last before the Super Bowl era.

Western Divisional Playoff Game

- GREEN BAY 13, Baltimore 10 (OT)

NFL Championship Game

- GREEN BAY 23, Cleveland 12

Playoff Bowl

- Baltimore 35, Dallas 3 at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida on January 9, 1966

The Playoff Bowl was between the divisional runners-up, for third place in the league. This was its sixth year (of ten) and it was played a week after the title game.

## Coaching changes

- Detroit Lions: George Wilson was replaced by Harry Gilmer.

- Pittsburgh Steelers: Buddy Parker was replaced by Mike Nixon.

## Stadium changes

The home of the Green Bay Packers, City Stadium, is renamed Lambeau Field in memory of team founder, player, and head coach Curly Lambeau


Paerātā railway station

# Paerātā railway station

## Abstract

Paerātā railway station is a railway station under construction in Auckland, New Zealand. It is due to open in 2025 as part of the Auckland railway electrification project. It will serve the Paerata area, linking with the new Paerata Rise housing development. The station will be located on the existing North Island Main Trunk railway line, adjacent to the planned eastern extent of the development.

Between 1875 and 1972, it was a flag station, 28 mi (45 km) south of Auckland, on the North Island Main Trunk in New Zealand, serving the Paerata settlement.

The original station was opened on 20 May 1875. It was closed to passengers on 24 July 1972, and to all traffic on 1 October 1982. A crossing loop was retained.

In 1981, Paerata junction to the Waiuku Branch was re-designed and resignalled, with a new connection towards Pukekohe.

## History

The rural community of Paerata was served by Paerata railway station from 1875 until 1972. This station was located one kilometre to the south of the modern station.

The line from Ōtāhuhu reached Paerata in 1873. and opened to Mercer on 20 May 1875. A building was erected in 1874 for £30. By 1884, when Paerata first appeared in timetables, there was a shelter shed and a passing loop for 22 wagons. By 1896, there was also a passenger platform with a cart approach and a 28 wagon loop. Sheep yards and a loading bank followed and, from 1906, a Post Office was run by station staff, which moved to Messent's store in 1923. In preparation for the Waiuku Branch, the loop was extended in 1913 to 70 wagons, two cottages and a goods shed were built in 1914 and the station became an island platform in 1917. The gradient on the Karaka bank, between Runciman and Paerata, was eased from 1 in 40 to 1 in 100 between 1914 and 1916. The work included large cuttings and embankments. A cutting about 1 mi (1.6 km) north of Paerata suffered from 5 slips in the next decade. One of the slips in 1916 was temporarily bypassed by relaying track on the old alignment. A new passing loop was also added at Karaka, 4.74 km (2.95 mi) north of Paerata. Paerata became a junction station from 10 December 1917, when the first section of the Waiuku Branch opened as far as Patumahoe. The initial service on the branch in 1922 was only a train each way on Tuesdays and Fridays. Automatic signalling replaced token blocks in 1926. In 1928, 35 wagons were derailed between Pukekohe and Paerata.

Duplication of line between Papakura and Paerata was completed by 3 December 1939 and to Pukekohe in 1941. From 1923 until at least 1943, the dairy factory had a private siding.

On 24 July 1972, Paerata closed to all traffic, except in wagon lots. The stockyards were removed and the goods shed moved to Ōtāhuhu Rail Weld Depot in 1973. In 1978, the goods shed loop was sold to Glenbrook Vintage Railway. The station closed to all traffic on 17 July 1977. By 1982, the station building had been demolished.

New train stations for Drury West and Paerata are included in a July 2017 proposal for Auckland infrastructure spending of $600 million to support new housing announced by the government. They will be built and owned by a new Crown Infrastructure Partners body, as the Auckland Council has reached its borrowing limit. The new station will be just east of Paerata Rise, about 1 km (0.62 mi) north of the original station.

As part of the New Zealand Upgrade Programme, Jacinda Ardern's government announced $371 million in funding towards the electrification of track from Papakura to Pukekohe, and a separate $247 million towards the construction of two new stations in Drury Central and Drury West. This was later expanded to include a third station at Paerata.

Planning consent was granted for the Drury Central and Paerata stations in February 2022, with further work being undertaken to gain approval for the Drury West station.

The new stations have attracted criticism from public transport advocates, who say that they are too designed for auto-dependency.

In May 2022, KiwiRail and Auckland Transport announced proposed names for the three stations, replacing the placeholder names of Paerata, Drury West, and Drury Central. These names were gifted by mana whenua, in order to restore the original te reo Māori names of the area. The placeholder name of Paerata was replaced by Paeraataa, reflecting the preference of Waikato Tainui for using double vowels instead of macrons to indicate vowel length. The name derives from a conflation of 'pae', a Māori word meaning 'a ridge or resting place', and 'raataa', referring to a rātā tree.

In August 2022, the New Zealand Geographic Board returned its verdict on the name, rejecting the use of double vowels as preferred by the Mana Whenua Forum, and instead recommending the name 'Paerātā', in line with national and te reo Māori orthographic standards. The iwi involved expressed strong dislike of the decision, saying that standardisation of the written form is a loss of their identity and homogenisation of culture, and that they want their children to not be penalised in schools and to learn written te reo Māori in their regional form. The public consultations on the name change ran until early November that year. The Board's recommended name was approved by the Land Information Minister Damien O'Connor in March 2023.


# People's Public Security University of China

## Abstract

The People's Public Security University of China (PPSUC; 中国人民公安大学) is a national public university for public security studies in Xicheng, Beijing, China. Founded in 1948, it is affiliated with the Ministry of Public Security of China. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

The university specializes in the training of elite police officers, and it is ranked as the best Chinese police academy since its merger with the People's Police Cadre University of China in 1998.

PPSUC has a law school, a department of foreign languages, literature, criminal investigation, criminology, management, information security, traffic control, forensic science, etc. Many Chinese overseas UN peacekeepers, after field service experience, are from the CPPSU, in particular the Foreign Languages Department. Its graduates have found employment in the Ministry of Public Security, Provincial Police Department, Municipal Police Department and other legal institutions at all levels in China. PPSUC now has two campuses, one at Muxidi and the other at Tuanhe.


# Palmerston North Central railway station

## Abstract

Palmerston North Central railway station was a station on the North Island Main Trunk in New Zealand and the Palmerston North–Gisborne Line. The station opened in 1876 and closed in 1963.

## History

The original station was opened on 20 October 1876, when the Foxton Tramway was reopened as the Foxton Branch, though from 25 July 1873 the Square had been the terminus for the tramway. In 1883 the Wellington–Manawatu Line south to Wellington opened, increasing traffic. The line was constructed from Wellington to Longburn by the private Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (W&MR), and initially trains terminated at Longburn, forcing passengers to change trains to NZR services to Palmerston North. Eventually, NZR and W&MR finalised an interchange agreement, allowing W&MR passenger and mail trains to terminate at Palmerston North Central station. A special dock platform at the south of the station was constructed for W&MR trains to Wellington.

Traffic increased with the opening of the line to Napier via Woodville in 1891, and the station was moved 30 chains (2,000 ft; 600 m) south in March 1891. But it was still a bottleneck and remained the longest-persisting bottleneck on the Main Trunk until replaced by the new Palmerston North railway station on the Milson Deviation on 21 October 1963. Following the completion of the North Island Main Trunk in 1908, the government acquired the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company, and the first Auckland - Wellington through expresses ran on 14 February 1909, taking 19 hours 13 minutes, and stopping at Palmerston North.


My Hero Academia season 7

# My Hero Academia season 7

## Abstract

The seventh season of the My Hero Academia anime television series is produced by Bones and directed by Kenji Nagasaki (chief director) and Naomi Nakayama, following the story of Kōhei Horikoshi 's original manga series of the same name starting from the beginning of the 34th volume (chapters 329–). Unlike the previous five seasons which consisted of 25 episodes each, the season will run for 21 episodes. The seventh season premiered on ytv and NTV on May 4, 2024, with 4 "Memories" recap specials having aired in the preceding month of April.

The season introduces Star and Stripe, America's #1 Pro Hero, as she arrives to fight Tomura Shigaraki by All Might 's request. While the U.A. High students and the remaining Pro Heroes take time in preparing for the final battle against the villains of the Paranormal Liberation Front, things become complicated as one of Izuku 's classmates is revealed to be a mole. With the young hero students contemplating whether they can save "villains", the Pro Heroes come together with a plan to divide and conquer the villains' side as the war between both sides to determine the fate of the world begins.

Crunchyroll has licensed the season along with the "Memories" recap specials outside of Asia and is streaming it along with an English dub two weeks after the original airing on its streaming service of the same name. Medialink licensed the season in Asia-Pacific.

For the seventh season: the first opening theme song is "Tagatame" (誰我為, lit. ' For Someone's Sake ') performed by TK from Ling Tosite Sigure, while the first ending theme song is "Tsubomi" (蕾, lit. ' Flower Bud ') performed by Omoinotake. The second opening theme song is "Curtain Call" (カーテンコール) performed by Yuuri, while the second ending theme song is "Rokutōsei" (六等星, lit. ' Class 6 Star ') performed by Zarame.

## Episodes

## Home media release

### Japanese

Toho Animation will release the seventh season on Blu-ray and DVD in three volumes in Japan, with the first volume released on July 17, 2024, and the final volume releasing on December 18, 2024.


JHW-007

# JHW-007

## Abstract

JHW-007 is a cocaine analogue and a high affinity atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor that is being researched for the treatment of cocaine addiction. JHW-007 has been found to blunt the psychostimulant effects of cocaine and reduce self-administration in rodents. JHW-007 exposure has been shown to block the conditioned place preference effects of cocaine. JHW-007 may directly antagonize the autoregulatory dopamine D receptor, a hypothesis that was developed following the observation of JHW-007's ability to inhibit D receptor-mediated currents in the midbrain.

## Atypical dopamine reuptake inhibition

In contrast to cocaine and other cocaine-like dopamine reuptake inhibitors, JHW-007 binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) in an occluded (closed) conformation, similar to (R)-modafinil. This type of receptor binding to the DAT has been observed to result in a gradual and sustained increase in extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Peak levels of extracellular dopamine are also markedly reduced. Both modafinil and JHW-007 have been investigated for the treatment of cocaine addiction.


Nelly Korda

# Nelly Korda

## Abstract

Nelly Korda (born July 28, 1998) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour, where she has won 14 times and reached number one in the Women's World Golf Rankings. Korda won the Olympic gold medal at the women's individual golf event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She represented the United States at the 2019 Solheim Cup, 2021 Solheim Cup and 2023 Solheim Cup.

## Amateur career

Korda was a member of the 2015 U.S. Junior Solheim Cup. As an amateur, she won the 2015 Harder Hall Invitational, and the 2015 PING Invitational, and was a 2015 AJGA Rolex Junior All-American. She also made the cut at the 2013 U.S. Women's Open, one month before her 15th birthday.

## Professional career

Korda began her pro career in 2016 on the Symetra Tour, where she won her first pro event at the Sioux Falls GreatLIFE Challenge after shooting rounds of 68-67-69-66 for a 3 stroke victory over Wichanee Meechai. She ended the season 9th on the money list, thus earning her LPGA Tour card for 2017.

### 2018: First LPGA win

On October 28, 2018, Korda won the Swinging Skirts LPGA Taiwan Championship in Taoyuan, Taiwan for her first LPGA Tour title. This win made her and her sister Jessica Korda the third pair of sisters to win in LPGA history, joining the Jutanugarn sisters, Moriya Jutanugarn and Ariya Jutanugarn, along with Charlotta and Annika Sörenstam.

### 2019−2020: Continued success

After settling for runner-up at the CME Group Tour Championship and solo 3rd at the Diamond Resorts Tournament of Champions, Korda won the ISPS Handa Women's Australian Open on February 17, 2019. In doing so, she completed a "Family Slam" in Australia. Her father, Petr, won the 1998 Australian Open singles in tennis. Her older sister, Jessica Korda, won the Women's Australian Open in 2012 and her younger brother, Sebastian, won the 2018 Australian Open junior boys in tennis. The Australian Open win represented Korda's 4th top-5 finish in her most recent 5 LPGA starts. Thanks to this victory, Korda broke into the top 10 for the first time in the February 18, 2019 release of the Women's World Golf Rankings, moving up to 9th from 16th the week before, and becoming the second highest ranked American in the world, surpassed only by 5th ranked Lexi Thompson.

On September 22, 2019, Korda shot a 4-under-par 67 in blustery conditions and won the Lacoste Ladies Open de France by eight shots. On November 3, 2019, Korda defended her title at the Taiwan Swinging Skirts LPGA in a playoff.

### 2021: Breakout year: 4 wins, first major win, Olympic gold, #1 world rank

On February 28, 2021, Korda won the Gainbridge LPGA at Lake Nona Golf and Country Club in Orlando, Florida.

On June 20, 2021, Korda won the Meijer LPGA Classic in Grand Rapids, Michigan becoming the first two-time winner on the LPGA during the 2021 season. She shot a career best 62 on Saturday to take a lead into the final round.

On June 27, 2021, Korda won her first major at the KPMG Women's PGA Championship at the Atlanta Athletic Club. In the final round, Korda shot a 4-under 68 and won by three strokes over Lizette Salas. With the win, Korda became the number one player in the world.

On August 5, in round 2 of the Women's Golf at the Summer Olympics in Japan, Korda stood on the 18th tee at −11 for her round. A birdie on the 18th would have been a round of 59 but she double bogeyed the hole for a 62. On August 7, Korda won the gold medal. She became the second woman from the U.S. to win the gold, and the first since Margaret Abbott in the 1900 Olympic Games.

After Ko Jin-young won the BMW Ladies Championship on October 24, Korda fell to No. 2 in the Women's World Golf Rankings, by a narrow margin of 9.36 to 9.34 average points per event played. She regained the No. 1 spot on November 8, 2021, by a fraction of an average point per event played (9.032 to 9.028), despite neither player playing tournaments between those ranking dates, because the calculations are over a two-year rolling average.

In November, Korda won the Pelican Women's Championship in Belleair, Florida. Korda shot a final round 69 and won in a playoff over Lexi Thompson, Lydia Ko and Kim Sei-young. This was her fourth LPGA victory of 2021. She won despite a triple bogey seven on the par-4 17th hole, dropping her from co-leading at −19, to fourth-place at −16, two shots behind Thompson. Recovering on the 18th with a birdie that tied her with her playing partner, and then-leader Lexi Thompson, who then bogeyed the 18th, requiring the four-way playoff starting on the 18th hole. Korda birdied it for the win, tying her with Ko Jin-young with four wins in 2021. Ko Jin-young finished with a 66, tying for sixth place. Korda became the first American to win four times in an LPGA Tour season since Stacy Lewis in 2012.

She had the lowest scoring average on tour (68.774) in her 62 rounds, beating the money list winner Ko Jin-young (68.886) in her 67 rounds, although she finished second on the money list ($2,382,198) to Ko ($3,502,161). However, Lydia Ko won the Vare Trophy despite finishing third on the scoring average list because neither Korda nor Ko Jin-young met the 70 round minimum.

Despite a fifth-place tie in the CME Group Tour Championship to #2 world-ranked Ko Jin-young, Korda held onto her #1 spot with a 10.07 average points Ko's 9.94 in the Rolex Rankings, as of November 22.

### 2022: Blood clot, loss of world #1 ranking, re-gains #1 world ranking

On January 3, 2022, Korda surpassed Stacy Lewis record for consecutive weeks as number one in the Women's World Golf Rankings for an American. Three weeks later at the Gainbridge LPGA at Boca Rio tournament, she tied for 20th place and lost the number one spot after 29 consecutive weeks at the top. She finished T-15, T-20, and T-4 in her first three starts for 2022. On March 13, she announced that she had a blood clot in her arm, so she would not compete in the Chevron Championship, the year's first major. She also did not enter the JTBC Classic she originally was scheduled to compete, while resting at home getting treatment. Korda returned to play at the U.S. Women's Open, finishing in the top ten.

In November, Korda successfully defended her title at the Pelican Women's Championship, her first win in 2022, and returned her to the top of the world ranking. She did not hold the position for long as Lydia Ko regained the number one spot two weeks later.

### 2023

In January, Korda signed a deal with TaylorMade and Nike. Later in the year, Korda signed with Delta Air Lines. She also joined fellow golfer Tony Finau on the T-Mobile US sponsored players list

With her fourth-place finish at the Hilton Grand Vacations Tournament of Champions on January 19, she earned $99,457 to jump three places from 40th to 37th on the career money list to $7,638,934 passing sister Jessica, ranked 39th at $7,543,454 who did not play in the tournament; Nelly had played 110 tournaments to Jessica's 227. After Korda finished third at the Chevron Championship on April 23, she regained the No. 1 world ranking. In May, she announced that she would miss several tournaments because of pain in her back. On July 16, she won the Aramco Team Series at the Centurion Club near London; it was her 13th tournament victory and her third on the Ladies European Tour.

### 2024: Return to #1, 5 consecutive starting wins, second major title

Korda won her ninth LPGA Tour event on January 28, in her Bradenton hometown at the LPGA Drive On Championship. Trailing by three strokes after the 16th hole in the final round, Korda hit an eagle-birdie finish to force a playoff with Lydia Ko. She won on the second extra hole with a 4-foot par putt on the par-4 18th after Ko's 5-footer caught the lip and spun out. In the final round, Korda shot a two-over 73, while Ko shot a two-under 69 to tie at 273 (−11), setting up the playoff. Korda won for the first time, leading after each round for the first time. Her win denied Ko her 21st LPGA win and 27th-point to guarantee entry into the LPGA Hall of Fame. She then won three straight events in March and April: Fir Hills Seri Pak Championship (moving back to the top of the Women's World Golf Rankings), Ford Championship, and T-Mobile Match Play. Her four straight wins in four starts made her the first player to do so since Lorena Ochoa in 2008.

Korda continued her incredible start to the year with a fifth consecutive victory, and her second major title, at the 2024 Chevron Championship, scoring a 275 (−13, 68-69-69-69) beating Sweden's Maja Stark by two strokes. Only Annika Sörenstam (2004 – 2005) and Nancy Lopez (1978) had won five consecutive starts before Korda became the third LPGA player to achieve the feat. She withdrew from the next tournament, the JM Eagle LA Championship, the day after her fifth consecutive victory, wanting to rest up and not be worn out mentally.

In May 2024, Korda won the Mizuho Americans Open, her sixth win in seven starts. She shot 14 under par, edging out Hannah Green of Australia.

## Personal life

Korda is the daughter of retired Czech professional tennis players Petr Korda and Regina Rajchrtová. Her father is a tennis grand slam champion who won the 1998 Australian Open crown. Her younger brother, Sebastian, won the 2018 Australian Open tennis title in the boys' division. Her older sister Jessica Korda also plays on the LPGA Tour.

Since 2019, Korda has been in a relationship with professional hockey player Andreas Athanasiou.

In 2021, Korda made the Forbes '30 under 30 list' for earners under the age of 30, placed 23.

## Professional wins (19)

### LPGA Tour wins (14)

LPGA Tour playoff record (4–2)

## Major championships

### Results timeline

Results not in chronological order.

CUT = missed the half-way cut WD = withdrew NT = no tournament T = tied

### Summary

- Most consecutive cuts made – 10 (twice)

- Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (12 times, current)

## LPGA Tour career summary

^ Official as of June 16, 2024 * Includes matchplay and other tournaments without a cut.

## World ranking

Position in Women's World Golf Rankings at the end of each calendar year.

^ As of June 24, 2024

## U.S. national team appearances

Amateur

- Junior Solheim Cup: 2015 (winners)

Professional

- Solheim Cup: 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024 (winners)

- International Crown: 2023


World Collection

# World Collection

## Abstract

World Collection is a series of Japanese releases for original Xbox games published by Microsoft, featuring select overseas (North American and European) titles, released at a reduced price compared to normal releases. Titles in this series retain their original overseas cover artwork with a "World Collection" border, and are left entirely in English, with a Japanese-language manual. The series was launched in October 2003, with regular releases every 2-3 months until August 2005.


1965 NFL season


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.


# 2024 United States presidential election in Georgia

## Abstract

The 2024 United States presidential election in Georgia is scheduled to take place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia will participate. Georgia voters will choose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Georgia has 16 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which it neither gained nor lost a seat. Georgia is considered to be a crucial swing state in 2024.

Despite being located in the conservative Bible Belt and Deep South regions, Georgia has become competitive since the start of the 2020s and is considered a purple to slightly red state in the election, after having been a moderately red state in the late 2000s going through the 2010s. The last Republican presidential candidate to win Georgia by double digits, and the only one to win the state more than once, was fellow Southerner George W. Bush. This leftward shift is mainly attributed to the rapid population growth that the progressive and diverse Atlanta metro, which holds much of the state's population, has experienced in the 21st century, including an influx of African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos and progressive Whites. In 2020, Joe Biden very narrowly carried the state by 0.23%, making Georgia the closest state that election and making Biden the first Democrat since Southerner Bill Clinton in 1992 to win the state's electoral votes, and the first non-Southern Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960.

Incumbent Democratic President Joe Biden initially ran for re-election and became the party's presumptive nominee. However, following what was widely viewed as a poor performance in the June 2024 presidential debate and amid increasing age and health concerns from within his party, he withdrew from the race on July 21 and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris, who launched her presidential campaign the same day. Biden's withdrawal from the race makes him the first eligible president not to stand for re-election since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.

Former President and Republican nominee Donald Trump is running for re-election to a second non-consecutive term after losing in 2020. Independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. gathered the required signatures to qualify for the ballot, as he announced in late February.

If the Democratic presidential candidate wins the state, it will be the first time since favorite son Jimmy Carter in 1980 that the Democrats have carried the state in two consecutive presidential elections. This race is considered to be a tossup due to the nearly even political lean in recent federal elections (despite a slight GOP lean at the state level). However, Kamala Harris has narrowed or eliminated Trump's lead since becoming the Democrats' presumptive nominee, with most polls within the margin of error.

## Primary elections

### Democratic primary

The Georgia Democratic primary was held on March 12, 2024.

### Republican primary

The Georgia Republican primary was held on March 12, 2024.

## General election

### Voting rule changes

On July 29, 2024 the state added another way to cancel a voter's registration through an online portal, which has drawn criticism from groups like Fair Fight Action worried that it would be abused.

In August 2024, the Georgia State Elections Board enacted two new rules that could deputize local election officials more discretion on whether they certify the election, contrary to state and national precedent. The Democratic party has filed a lawsuit to stop the new rules from taking effect.

According to a September 2024 New York Times newsletter, Georgia seems the most likely state to overturn election results on unfounded claims of fraud in 2024 due to recent changes in who oversees elections.

### Ballot access

After an administrative law judge disqualified Claudia De la Cruz and Cornel West from the ballot due to their electors not registering in their own name, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger overruled the judge on August 29, 2024. Republicans have been working to get West and De la Cruz on the ballot, while Democrats have been working to keep them off. If the ruling is upheld, it would be the first time since 1946 with more than 4 candidates on the ballot. On September 12, 2024 a judge disqualified both West and De la Cruz from running for president in Georgia and the candidates plan to appeal to the Georgia Supreme Court.

### Polling

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

Aggregate polls

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Aggregate polls

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West

Joe Biden vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Donald Trump

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Joe Biden vs. Mike Pence

Joe Biden vs. generic Republican

Gavin Newsom vs. Donald Trump


Kalan Masjid

# Kalan Masjid

## Abstract

Kalan Masjid, or Kalan Mosque is a 14th-century mosque in Delhi, India.

## Etymology

The mosque is titled Kalan Masjid, meaning chief mosque. It is also known as Kali Masjid, or black mosque, although this may also be a corruption of the word Kalan.

## History

The mosque was commissioned by Khan-i-Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

## Description

The mosque is built out of sandstone. It is an oblong structure, measuring 140 feet (43 m) in length and 120 feet (37 m) in breadth. It has two stories, with a total height of 66 feet (20 m).

A flight of steps leads to the doorway on the first story through which the mosque is to be entered. The doorway is surmounted by a low dome, which is flanked by two conical columns. Over the doorway is a marble slab on which there is an inscription in the Naskh script. The inscription describes the date of completion of the mosque, and that it was constructed by Khan Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah.

The mosque has a square plan, and is divided into four quadrants.


Miss America 1996

# Miss America 1996

## Abstract

Miss America 1996, the 69th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on Saturday, September 16, 1995, and was televised by the NBC Network.

## Results

### Order of announcements

### Awards

## Judges

- Kristian Alfonso

- Kylene Barker

- Barbara De Angelis

- Jerry Orbach

- Bruce Jenner

- Holly Robinson

- Vera Wang


Katherine Schwarzenegger

# Katherine Schwarzenegger

## Abstract

Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger Pratt (née Schwarzenegger; born December 13, 1989) is an American author.

## Early life and family

Katherine Eunice Schwarzenegger is the eldest child of Austrian-born actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger and journalist and author Maria Shriver. She is of Irish and German descent through her maternal grandparents Eunice and Sargent Shriver. She has a younger sister, Christina, two younger brothers, Patrick and Christopher, and a half-brother, Joseph Baena, through her father.

She graduated from University of Southern California in 2012.

## Career

In 2010, Schwarzenegger wrote a book entitled Rock What You've Got: Secrets to Loving Your Inner and Outer Beauty from Someone Who's Been There and Back. In it, Schwarzenegger describes her personal journey and encourages other young women to achieve confidence and a positive self-image. She had body image issues between fourth and seventh grade, but now controls her physical and mental health with walking exercises and yoga.

After graduating from college in 2012, Schwarzenegger sought career advice from a variety of people, including athletes, singers, entrepreneurs, and actors. She compiled their wisdom into her second book— I Just Graduated... Now What?— which was released in 2014 as a "survival guide" for recent college grads.

In 2017, Schwarzenegger authored a children's book, Maverick and Me. The book tells the story of her rescue and subsequent adoption of her dog, Maverick. Using her own experience as a "foster fail" (when a foster home turns into a "furever" home), the book touts the benefits of pet adoption and rescue. In 2019, she partnered up with Pedigree to host a limited-series podcast discussing the importance of adopting dogs.

The Gift of Forgiveness: Inspiring Stories from Those Who Have Overcome the Unforgivable is Schwarzenegger's latest book, which is a compilation of stories of forgiveness. The book features the stories of 22 people including Elizabeth Smart and Tanya Brown (sister of Nicole Brown-Simpson).

## Personal life

Schwarzenegger started dating actor Chris Pratt in 2018. They announced their engagement in January and married in June 2019. They have two daughters: Lyla Maria, born in August 2020, and Eloise Christina, born in May 2022.

Schwarzenegger is an American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Ambassador and supports the Best Friends Animal Society.


1965 NFL season

# 1965 NFL season

## Abstract

The 1965 NFL season was the 46th regular season of the National Football League. The Green Bay Packers won the NFL title after defeating the Cleveland Browns in the championship game, the last before the Super Bowl era.

## War with the AFL

The NFL's war with the rival American Football League began to increase as the two leagues competed for the top players coming out of college. Prior to the season, both the NFL's Chicago Bears and the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs selected running back Gale Sayers in their respective league drafts. Sayers eventually decided to sign with the NFL's Bears in a victory for the established league. On the other hand, quarterback Joe Namath was selected by both the NFL's St. Louis Cardinals and the AFL's New York Jets, but Namath decided to play for the Jets after signing a $427,000 contract for three years.

This war between the AFL and the NFL would escalate until just before the 1966 season, when they would agree to merge and create a new AFL-NFL World Championship Game between the winners of the two leagues, that later would be known as the Super Bowl.

## Draft

The 1965 NFL draft was held on November 28, 1964, at New York City 's Summit Hotel. With the first pick, the New York Giants selected back Tucker Frederickson from Auburn University.

## Major rule changes

- A sixth official, the Line Judge, is added to the officiating crew. This change is sometimes referred to as the " Fran Tarkenton Rule" after the Minnesota Vikings quarterback, who developed the nickname scrambler as he ran around the backfield to avoid being sacked by the opposition. With the Line Judge stationed on the line of scrimmage opposite the Head Linesman, it made it easier for the officials to judge whether or not Tarkenton or any mobile quarterback crossed over the line before throwing the ball. Five officials had been used since 1947, when the back judge was added.

- Head linesman Burl Toler became the NFL's first black official. He worked in the league through 1989.

- Officials were permitted to wear short-sleeved shirts for the first time.

## Division races

Each team played each of the six other teams in its division twice. In addition, each team played two of the seven teams from the other division to complete the 14-game schedule. Thus, each week's schedule included 6 intra-divisional games (3 from each division) and one inter-divisional game. In 1965 the Western Division dominated the Eastern Division winning 13 out of the 14 interdivisional games. The lone win for the Eastern Division was a 39–31 victory by Dallas over San Francisco in week eight.

As in 1964, the Eastern Division race started out as a battle between the Cardinals and the Browns. By Week Five (October 17), both had 4–1–0 records, but the Cards won only one more game after that, finishing 5–9. The Browns won all seven of their remaining divisional games during the same stretch, losing only their two inter-divisional games against Western opponents. The Browns had clinched the conference title by November 28.

In the Western Division race, Green Bay won its first six games before a 31–10 loss at Chicago on Halloween put it in a tie with the Baltimore Colts. In Week Eight (November 7), the Packers lost again, 12–7 to Detroit, while the Colts beat Chicago 26–21. Both teams won their next two games, but in Week Eleven, the Packers lost 21–10 to the Rams, and the Colts averted a loss by tying the Lions, 24–24. In Week Twelve, Green Bay closed the gap with a 24–19 win over the Vikings, while the Colts fell to Chicago, losing the game (13–0) and their star quarterback, Johnny Unitas, to a knee injury.

With backup Gary Cuozzo passing for the Colts, they met the Packers again, in Baltimore, on December 12, and Paul Hornung scored five touchdowns as Green Bay won, 42–27, to take a half-game division lead, 10–3 to 9–3–1. Along with the division lead, the Colts lost another quarterback when Cuozzo was injured. In the final weekend, the Colts were in Los Angeles for a Saturday game that they had to win but were losing 17–10. A tying touchdown by fourth-string quarterback Ed Brown helped the Colts knot the game 17–17, but a tie wasn't enough. It took Lou Michaels ' field goal to get a 20–17 win and a 10–3–1 record. A Green Bay win the next day in San Francisco would have ended the race, and the Packers leading and were slightly more than a minute away from the title game, but the 49ers tied the game, 24–24, with 1:07 to play. Both Green Bay and Baltimore had 10–3–1 records, forcing a playoff for the day after Christmas.

## Final standings

## Playoffs

As the Green Bay Packers and Baltimore Colts were tied for first place in the Western Division standings after the regular season ended, a divisional playoff game was required, and was held in Green Bay at Lambeau Field: although the Packers had beaten the Colts in both of their games in 1965, there were no tiebreaking rules at the time.

In the playoff game, with both Colts starting quarterback Johnny Unitas and backup Gary Cuozzo injured, Baltimore was forced to use Tom Matte, normally a running back, as quarterback: Matte played the position in college at Ohio State. Further, Packers quarterback Bart Starr was injured on the first play from scrimmage and did not return to the game, being relieved by Zeke Bratkowski.

After Green Bay's Don Chandler kicked a 27-yard field goal with less than two minutes remaining to tie the game 10-10, the playoff went into overtime, where Chandler kicked a 25-yard field goal with 1:21 remaining in the period to win the Packers the Western Division title.

The following week at Lambeau, Starr returned as starter, with the Packers defeating the Cleveland Browns in the NFL Championship Game, the last before the Super Bowl era.

Western Divisional Playoff Game

- GREEN BAY 13, Baltimore 10 (OT)

NFL Championship Game

- GREEN BAY 23, Cleveland 12

Playoff Bowl

- Baltimore 35, Dallas 3 at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida on January 9, 1966

The Playoff Bowl was between the divisional runners-up, for third place in the league. This was its sixth year (of ten) and it was played a week after the title game.

## Coaching changes

- Detroit Lions: George Wilson was replaced by Harry Gilmer.

- Pittsburgh Steelers: Buddy Parker was replaced by Mike Nixon.

## Stadium changes

The home of the Green Bay Packers, City Stadium, is renamed Lambeau Field in memory of team founder, player, and head coach Curly Lambeau


Μ-law algorithm

# Μ-law algorithm

## Abstract

The μ-law algorithm (sometimes written mu -law, often abbreviated as u-law) is a companding algorithm, primarily used in 8-bit PCM digital telecommunications systems in North America and Japan. It is one of the two companding algorithms in the G.711 standard from ITU-T, the other being the similar A-law. A-law is used in regions where digital telecommunication signals are carried on E-1 circuits, e.g. Europe.

The terms PCMU, G711u or G711MU are used for G711 μ-law.

Companding algorithms reduce the dynamic range of an audio signal. In analog systems, this can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved during transmission; in the digital domain, it can reduce the quantization error (hence increasing the signal-to-quantization-noise ratio). These SNR increases can be traded instead for reduced bandwidth for equivalent SNR.

At the cost of a reduced peak SNR, it can be mathematically shown that μ-law's non-linear quantization effectively increases dynamic range by 33 dB or 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 bits over a linearly-quantized signal, hence 13.5 bits (which rounds up to 14 bits) is the most resolution required for an input digital signal to be compressed for 8-bit μ-law.

## Algorithm types

The μ-law algorithm may be described in an analog form and in a quantized digital form.

### Continuous

For a given input x, the equation for μ-law encoding is F (x) = sgn (x) ln (1 + μ | x |) ln (1 + μ), − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1, {\displaystyle F(x)=\operatorname {sgn}(x){\dfrac {\ln(1+\mu |x|)}{\ln(1+\mu)}},\quad -1\leq x\leq 1,}

where μ = 255 in the North American and Japanese standards, and sgn(x) is the sign function. The range of this function is −1 to 1.

μ-law expansion is then given by the inverse equation: F − 1 (y) = sgn (y) (1 + μ) | y | − 1 μ, − 1 ≤ y ≤ 1. {\displaystyle F^{-1}(y)=\operatorname {sgn}(y){\dfrac {(1+\mu)^{|y|}-1}{\mu }},\quad -1\leq y\leq 1.}

### Discrete

The discrete form is defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.711.

G.711 is unclear about how to code the values at the limit of a range (e.g. whether +31 codes to 0xEF or 0xF0). However, G.191 provides example code in the C language for a μ-law encoder. The difference between the positive and negative ranges, e.g. the negative range corresponding to +30 to +1 is −31 to −2. This is accounted for by the use of 1s' complement (simple bit inversion) rather than 2's complement to convert a negative value to a positive value during encoding.

## Implementation

The μ-law algorithm may be implemented in several ways:

## Usage justification

μ-law encoding is used because speech has a wide dynamic range. In analog signal transmission, in the presence of relatively constant background noise, the finer detail is lost. Given that the precision of the detail is compromised anyway, and assuming that the signal is to be perceived as audio by a human, one can take advantage of the fact that the perceived acoustic intensity level or loudness is logarithmic by compressing the signal using a logarithmic-response operational amplifier (Weber–Fechner law). In telecommunications circuits, most of the noise is injected on the lines, thus after the compressor, the intended signal is perceived as significantly louder than the static, compared to an uncompressed source. This became a common solution, and thus, prior to common digital usage, the μ-law specification was developed to define an interoperable standard.

This pre-existing algorithm had the effect of significantly lowering the amount of bits required to encode a recognizable human voice in digital systems. A sample could be effectively encoded using μ-law in as little as 8 bits, which conveniently matched the symbol size of the majority of common computers.

μ-law encoding effectively reduced the dynamic range of the signal, thereby increasing the coding efficiency while biasing the signal in a way that results in a signal-to- distortion ratio that is greater than that obtained by linear encoding for a given number of bits.

The μ-law algorithm is also used in the.au format, which dates back at least to the SPARCstation 1 by Sun Microsystems as the native method used by the /dev/audio interface, widely used as a de facto standard for sound on Unix systems. The au format is also used in various common audio APIs such as the classes in the sun.audio Java package in Java 1.1 and in some C# methods.

This plot illustrates how μ-law concentrates sampling in the smaller (softer) values. The horizontal axis represents the byte values 0-255 and the vertical axis is the 16-bit linear decoded value of μ-law encoding.

## Comparison with A-law

The μ-law algorithm provides a slightly larger dynamic range than the A-law at the cost of worse proportional distortions for small signals. By convention, A-law is used for an international connection if at least one country uses it.


Ronald Kantowski

# Ronald Kantowski

## Abstract

Ronald Kantowski (18 December 1939) is a theoretical cosmologist, well known in the field of general relativity as the author, together with Rainer K. Sachs, of the Kantowski–Sachs dust solutions to the Einstein field equation. These are a widely used family of inhomogeneous cosmological models.

## Life and career

Kantowski received his Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of Texas at Austin, where he wrote a dissertation on cosmological models.He was a research scientist at the South West Center for Advanced Studies during 1967–1968. He was hired by the Physics & Astronomy department of the University of Oklahoma in 1968, where he became a full professor in 1981.

Besides the Kantowski–Sachs solutions to the Einstein's field equations, Kantowski's second widely recognized contribution to cosmology was developing the now used theory of transparent gravitational lenses. This theory was completed some four years before multiply imaged quasars were detected. There were only four papers written in all at that time. Kantowski was also among the first to study the distance-redshift relation in inhomogeneous Universe using Swiss cheese universe models.

His recent research has centered on issues of mass inhomogeneities and topological quantum field theories.


# North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship

## Abstract

The North Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship is an annual inter-divisional adult hurling tournament organised by the Tipperary County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association that has taken place in North Tipperary since 1927. The series of games take place during the months of March, May and April.

The championship has always been played using a knock-out format. The winners and runners-up of the North Tipperary Championship joined their counterparts from the other three divisions to contest the Tipperary Intermediate Hurling Championship quarter-finals.

There are currently 4 teams competing for this title. The title has been won by a total of 18 different clubs during its existence. The all time record holders are Burgess who have won a total of 14 titles.

The current holders of the title are Moneygall, who won back to back titles after defeating Portroe on a score of 2-24 to 4-11 in the 2024 championship final.

## Final results

The results of the finals from the years 1927-1999 were found in the book 'A History of the GAA in the North Tipperary Division'. The results can also be seen on the North Tipperary Gaa Website


Lauren Coughlin

# Lauren Coughlin

## Abstract

Lauren Elizabeth Coughlin (born September 27, 1992) is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. In 2024, she won the Canadian Women's Open and the Women's Scottish Open.

## Early life and amateur career

Coughlin was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and grew up in Chesapeake, Virginia. She started playing golf at the age of seven, and was named the Chesapeake Scholar Athlete in 2008, 2009 and 2010. She became the first female to play four years on the Hickory High School boys team, and finished runner-up in the Girls Championship of the Virginia State Golf Association in 2009 and 2010.

She won the Virginia Women's Amateur back-to-back in 2012 and 2013. In 2014, she won the Virginia Women's Stroke Play Championship.

Coughlin attended the University of Virginia between 2011 and 2016, where she was named All-American and was 2016 ACC individual champion. After winning the ACC Championship, she moved to 31st in the World Amateur Golf Ranking.

## Professional career

Coughlin turned professional in 2016 and started playing on the Symetra Tour, where she won the 2018 PHC Classic in Wisconsin. The win earned her a start in her first major, the 2018 Evian Championship. She joined the LPGA Tour in 2018 after securing her card by finishing in a tie for seventh at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament.

In 2022, Coughlin made 13 cuts in 23 starts with a season-best result a tie for sixth at the LPGA Mediheal Championship. In 2023, she made 15 cuts in 23 starts with her best finish a tie for sixth at the CPKC Women's Open in Canada.

In March 2024, Coughlin revealed that her husband John Pond, a former University of Virginia football player, had quit his job to begin an apprenticeship caddying for her full time. A few weeks later she led the 2024 Chevron Championship by two strokes ahead of Nelly Korda after the first round, ultimately finishing in a tie for 3rd, trailing only Korda and Maja Stark. In July 2024, Coughlin won the 2024 CPKC Women's Open, the first LPGA Tour title for her. In August 2024, she won the 2024 ISPS Handa Women's Scottish Open, to claim her second victory.

## Amateur wins

- 2012 Virginia Women's Amateur Championship

- 2013 Virginia Women's Amateur Championship

- 2014 Virginia Women's Stroke Play Championship

- 2016 ACC Championship

Source:

## Professional wins (3)

### LPGA Tour wins (2)

^Co-sanctioned with the Ladies European Tour

## Results in LPGA majors

Results not in chronological order.

CUT = missed the half-way cut NT = no tournament T = tied

## LPGA Tour career summary

^ Official as of August 19, 2024 * Includes matchplay and other tournaments without a cut.

## World ranking

Position in Women's World Golf Rankings at the end of each calendar year.

^ As of August 19, 2024

## U.S. national team appearances

Professional

- Solheim Cup: 2024 (winners)


The Unbroken

# The Unbroken

## Abstract

The Unbroken is a 2021 epic fantasy novel, the debut novel by C.L. Clark. It is the first book in a planned trilogy entitled Magic of the Lost; it was followed by a sequel entitled The Faithless in 2023. It received critical acclaim for its exploration of colonialism in the setting of an epic fantasy novel. It was nominated for the 2021 Nebula Award for Best Novel and 2022 Ignyte Award for Best Novel.

## Plot

The Empire of Balladaire rules over the colony of Qazāl, formerly part of the fallen Shālan Empire. Balladaire has banned all religion as “uncivilized”, but pockets of resistance still practice religion and its associated magic. Balladaire kidnaps Qazāli children to be conscripted into the Balladairan army; Touraine is one such child.

As an adult, Touraine and her company of conscripts (called Sands) are ordered to return to El-Wast, the Qazāli capital. They accompany Princess Luca, heir to the throne. Luca's uncle Nicholas currently holds power. She hopes that performing well in managing Qazāl will allow her to claim the throne in her own right.

As the princess arrives in the city, Touraine saves her from an assassination attempt. Touraine is falsely accused of murdering a Balladairan guard, but Luca rescues her. Dismissed from the military, Touraine becomes Luca's servant. On Luca's orders, Touraine secretly negotiates for peace with the Qazāli rebels, while developing romantic feelings for Luca. Luca grows interested in Shālan religion and magic, knowing that openly supporting these concepts would not be accepted in Balladaire. Touraine discovers that her birth mother, Jaghotai, is a leader of the rebellion. Other rebellion leaders include Djasha, an apostate priest who has lost her magic, and her wife Aranen, a healer.

Luca agrees to give the rebels guns as part of negotiations. Worried that the Sands will bear the brunt of any violence, Touraine betrays Luca to the Balladairan military leader, General Cantic. This leads to a violent uprising and a collapse of negotiations. Touraine joins the rebellion; Luca believes she has been killed in the chaos. The rebels ally with a desert tribe known as the Many-Legged, who use animal magic. Together, they create famine and plague, hoping to drive the Balladairans from their city. Tensions in El-Wast rise due to food shortages and violence. Almost a quarter of the Balladairan forces die from plague.

The rebels invade the Balladairan Quartier, hoping to free the Sands. Touraine and the rebels confront General Cantic. Djasha is killed, Touraine is captured, and the rebels are defeated. As Touraine is about to be executed by firing squad, she gains access to Shālan magic. Aranen escapes and kills Cantic. Luca agrees to leave Qazāl in exchange for the Balladairans’ safety. Touraine stays to help rebuild El-Wast.

## Major themes

The novel explores themes of colonialism in a setting inspired by North Africa. Publishers Weekly wrote a review that stated Touraine straddles "the line between colonizer and colonized". One reviewer in Locus felt that the kidnapping of Qazāli children explores the "scars of colonialism’s impact", referring to the kidnapping of Qazāli children and their conscription into the Balladairan military.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly gave the novel a starred review, calling it "a captivating story that works both as high fantasy and skillful cultural commentary". Library Journal gave the novel a starred review, praising it for its strong worldbuilding as well as its themes of racism, colonization, and military conscription.

Writing for Locus, Maya Clark praised Touraine's slow character development and the satisfying way in which she unlearns her Balladairan social conditionings. She also praised the moral grayness of the novel, writing that Clark "masterfully engages all actors and viewpoints within this complex web of power". A review in Lightspeed praised the complex romantic relationship between Luca and Touraine, including the author's exploration of disability, healing magic, and religion. A review in Strange Horizons praised the novel's "engaging, subversive characters" and exploration of colonialism, while noting that the pacing was "a little odd around the midpoint and ending".

## Awards and nominations

The Unbroken was nominated for the 2021 Nebula Award for Best Novel and 2022 Ignyte Award for Best Novel.


# The Brilliant Healer's New Life in the Shadows

## Abstract

The Brilliant Healer's New Life in the Shadows (一瞬で治療していたのに役立たずと追放された天才治癒師、闇ヒーラーとして楽しく生きる, Isshun de Chiryou shiteita no ni Yakudatazu to Tsuihousareta Tensai Chiyushi, Yami Healer to shite Tanoshiku Ikiru) is a Japanese light novel series written by Sakaku Hishikawa and illustrated by Daburyu. It originally began serialization online in November 2020 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was later acquired by SB Creative, who began publishing it in print under their GA Novel imprint in October 2021, with six volumes released as of March 2024. A manga adaptation illustrated by Ten Jūnoichi began serialization online on the Piccoma website and app in January 2022, with three tankōbon volumes released by SB Creative under their GA Comic imprint as of March 2024. A webtoon adaptation will begin serialization on the GA Comic platform in Q3 2024. An anime television series adaptation has been announced.

## Media

### Light novel

Written by Sakaku Hishikawa, The Brilliant Healer's New Life in the Shadows began serialization on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō on November 30, 2020. It was later acquired by SB Creative who began publishing it with illustrations by Daburyu under their GA Novel imprint on October 14, 2021. Six volumes have been released as of March 15, 2024. The light novels are licensed in English by J-Novel Club.

### Manga

A manga adaptation illustrated by Ten Jūnoichi began serialization on the Piccoma website and app on January 22, 2022. SB Creative has collected the manga's chapters into three tankōbon volumes under their GA Comic imprint as of March 2024. The manga adaptation is also licensed in English by J-Novel Club.

### Webtoon

A webtoon adaptation was announced during the "GA Fes 2024" livestream event on March 9, 2024. It is set to begin serialization on the GA Comic platform in Q3 2024.

### Anime

An anime television series adaptation was also announced during the "GA Fes 2024" livestream event on March 9, 2024.

## Reception

By March 2024, the series had 200,000 copies in circulation.


Samsung TV Plus

# Samsung TV Plus

## Abstract

Samsung TV Plus is a free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) service owned by Samsung Electronics that was first introduced in 2015. The platform was designed to provide free, live streaming content for users with Samsung devices.

As of 2022, the service was available in 24 countries and is viewable within a multitude of Samsung products due to its integration with the Tizen operating system. Samsung TV Plus was one of the five most-used apps on the company's smart TVs in September 2020.

## Programming

The service currently has over 350+ live channels, each grouped into various categories. Channels available in the United States have included:

### News

- CBS News 24/7 – Channel No. 1110

- LiveNOW from Fox – Channel No. 1116

- ABC News Live – Channel No. 1112

- NBC News NOW – Channel No. 1114

- Bloomberg TV + UHD – Channel No. 1155

- Yahoo! Finance – Channel No. 1165

- Newsmax – Channel No. 1170

- Real America's Voice – Channel No. 1175

- TYT Network – Channel No. 1185

- Fox Weather - Channel No. 1130

- Scripps News - Channel No. 1119

- Bloomberg Originals - Channel No. 1160

- BBC News - Channel No. 1140

- Sky News - Channel No.1145

- CBC News - Channel No.1150

- The First - Channel No.1180

### Entertainment

- ALL ACTION – Channel No. 1050

- ION – Channel No. 1051

- Stories by AMC – Channel No. 1052

- TV Land Drama – Channel No. 1055

- Heartland – Channel No. 1058

- Drama Life – Channel No. 1060

- Bounce XL – Channel No. 1061

- ION Plus – Channel No. 1062

- The Walking Dead – Channel No. 1065 – includes other The Walking Dead franchise content

- 21 Jump Street – Channel No. 1066

- Degrassi – Channel No. 1067

- Lucky Dog – Channel No. 1068

- The Bob Ross Channel – Channel No. 1069

- Clarity 4K – Channel No. 1070

- Danger TV – Channel No. 1072

- Magellan TV Now – Channel No. 1073

- ElectricNOW – Channel No. 1074

- Nosey – Channel No. 1078

- REELZ Famous & Infamous – Channel No. 1080

- Circle Country – Channel No. 1425

- Shades of Black – Channel No. 1084

- Backstage – Channel No. 1085

- VICE – Channel No. 1086

- Revry – Channel No. 1089

- Shout! Factory – Channel No. 1090

- Dove Channel – Channel No. 1091

- Chicken Soup for the Soul – Channel No. 1092

- MHz Now – Channel No. 1096

- Brat TV – Channel No. 1101

- Mixible – Channel No. 1103

- Fox Soul – Channel No. 1104

- People TV – Channel No. 1105

- Rotten Tomatoes – Channel No. 1106

- Hollywire – Channel No. 1107

- Grit Xtra – Channel No. 1111

- Cowboy Way – Channel No. 1112

- Fireplace 4K – Channel No. 1221

- INFAST – Channel No. 1237

- TV Land Sitcoms – Channel No. 1326

- BET (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1059

### Movies

- The Movie Hub – Channel No. 1450

- Paramount Movie Channel – Channel No. 1452

- Hallmark Movies & More – Channel No. 1455

- Holiday Movie Favorites by Lifetime – Channel No. 1456

- MovieSphere – Channel No. 1457

- FilmRise Free Movies – Channel No. 1459

- Pluto TV Fantastic – Channel No. 1461

- FilmRise Action – Channel No. 1463

- Documentary+ – Channel No. 1466

- Maverick Black Cinema – Channel No. 1468

- Gravitas Movies – Channel No. 1474

- CINEVAULT: Classics – Channel No. 1478

- CINEVAULT: 80’s – Channel No. 1479

- CINEVAULT: Westerns – Channel No. 1482

- Pluto TV Westerns – Channel No. 1484

- FilmRise Western – Channel No. 1488

- The Preview Channel – Channel No. 1491

- Home.Made.Nation – Channel No. 1216

### Reality and Infotainment

{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|

- All-Out Reality – Channel No. 1230

- Duck Dynasty – Channel No. 1232 – includes other Duck Commander content

- Deal Zone – Channel No. 1233

- Ice Road Truckers – Channel No. 1234

- Ax Men – Channel No. 1235

- Pawn Stars - Channel No. 2714

- All Weddings WE TV – Channel No. 1238

- All Reality WE TV – Channel No. 1239

- Hell’s Kitchen – Channel No. 1240 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- Kitchen Nightmares – Channel No. 1241 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- The Hotel Inspector – Channel No. 1242

- Project Runway – Channel No. 1243

- Operation Repo – Channel No. 1244

- MTV (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1245

- Love & Hip Hop – Channel No. 1246

- The Challenge – Channel No. 1247

- Dallas Cowboys Cheer – Channel No. 1248

- Perform – Channel No. 1249

- Dance Moms – Channel No. 1250

- Matched Married Meet – Channel No. 1251

- IGN – Channel No. 1351

- Minecraft – Channel No. 1363

- Samsung Wild Life Channel No. 1400

- Military Heroes – Channel No. 1402

- Modern Marvels – Channel No. 1403

- Love Nature 4K – Channel No. 1404

- TED – Channel No. 1405

- PBS Digital Studios – Channel No. 1406

- Xplore – Channel No. 1407

- Rovr.Pets – Channel No. 1409

- InWonder – Channel No. 1410

- WeatherSpy – Channel No. 1412

- Stingray Naturescape – Channel No. 1415

- WWE Superstar Central By A&E - Channel No. 2904

### Food and Drink

- Plated – Channel No. 1200

- Tastemade – Channel No. 1201

- Bon Appetit – Channel No. 1202

- Gusto TV – Channel No. 1203

- America’s Test Kitchen – Channel No. 1204

- Hungry – Channel No. 1206

- Tastemade Travel – Channel No. 1207

- Journy – Channel No. 1208

- Home Refresh – Channel No. 1209

- Million Dollar Listing – Channel No. 1210

- Tiny House Nation – Channel No. 1211

- Antiques Roadshow – Channel No. 1212

- This Old House – Channel No. 1213

- This Old House Makers.- Channel No. 1214

- The Design Network – Channel No. 1215

- BBC Home – Channel No. 1217

- BBC Food – Channel No. 1218

- Tastemade Home – Channel No. 1219

- Loupe 4K – Channel No. 1220

- QVC – Channel No. 1223

- HSN – Channel No. 1224

- Localish – Channel No. 1226

### Sports

- MLB Channel - Channel No. 1001

- CBS Sports HQ – Channel No. 1152

- T2 – Channel No. 1154

- GOLFPASS – Channel No. 1155

- beIN SPORTS XTRA – Channel No. 1157

- fubo Sports Network – Channel No. 1158

- Stadium – Channel No. 1159

- Pac-12 Insider – Channel No. 1161

- ACC Digital Network – Channel No. 1162

- Origin Sports – Channel No. 1163

- TNA Wrestling – Channel No. 1164

- FTF – Channel No. 1167

- EDGEsport – Channel No. 1169

- SURF NOW TV – Channel No. 1173

- Outside – Channel No. 1178

- FUEL TV – Channel No. 1179

- Whistle TV – Channel No. 1180

- People Are Awesome – Channel No. 1181

- Outdoor America – Channel No. 1182

- Waypoint TV – Channel No. 1184

- Pursuit UP – Channel No. 1185

- World Poker Tour – Channel No. 1187

- Ride or Drive – Channel No. 1188

- Top Gear – Channel No. 1189

- MAVTV Select – Channel No. 1190

- PowerNation – Channel No. 1191

- MotorTrend Fast TV – Channel No. 1192

- NHRA TV – Channel No. 1193

- MOTORVISION.TV – Channel No. 1194

- Cars – Channel No. 1195

- Torque – Channel No. 1196

- Fox Sports - Channel No 2334

- Dome - Channel No. 1003

- NBC Sports - Channel No 2338

- DraftKings - Channel No.2358

- SportsGrid -Channel No. 2362

### Game shows

- BUZZR – Channel No. 1139

- Game Show Central – Channel No. 1141

- Deal or No Deal – Channel No. 1143

- Fear Factor – Channel No. 1144

- Wipeout Xtra – Channel No. 1145

- Wild 'n Out – Channel No. 1147

- Supermarket Sweep – Channel No. 1142

### Kids

{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|

- PBS Kids – Channel No. 1376

- Nickelodeon (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1379

- Moonbug Kids – Channel No. 1383

- The LEGO Channel – Channel No. 1385

- pocket.watch – Channel No. 1389

- Toon Goggles – Channel No. 1391

- TG Junior – Channel No. 1392

- Kidoodle.TV – Channel No. 1395

- ZooMoo – Channel No. 1398

- Hot Wheels Action - Channel No. 3614

- Fireman Sam - Channel No. 3636

- My Little Pony - Channel No 3653

- Barbie and friends - Channel No. 3613

- Blippi - Channel No. 3630

- Transformers - Channel No.3685

- Caillou - Channel No. 3633

- Baby Einstein - Channel No. 3639

- Taletubbies - Channel No. 3642

- Barney and Friends - Channel No. 3645

- Bob The Builder - Channel No. 3648

## Availability

Samsung TV Plus has been pre-installed on all Samsung TVs since 2016. Since April 2021, the service has also been available on Samsung mobile devices (available from the Galaxy Store) and Smart monitors. Select Family Hub refrigerators can also be connected to Samsung TV Plus in the U.S. and Korea.

In January 2023, Samsung announced it was rolling out Samsung TV Plus onto non-Samsung TVs in the form of an installable app, specifically in an integration with TCL TVs.


2024–25 Ferencvárosi TC season

# 2024–25 Ferencvárosi TC season

## Abstract

The 2024–25 season is Ferencvárosi Torna Club 's 121th competitive season, 16th consecutive season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, where they will be competing as six-time defending champions and 126th year in existence as a football club. In addition to the domestic league, Ferencváros participate in this season's editions of the Magyar Kupa, UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

## Kits

Supplier: Macron / Sponsor: Magyar Telekom / Tippmix

### Kit usage

We indicate in parentheses the number of round.

## First team squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

## Transfers

### Summer

Sources:

### Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Sources:

## Friendlies

Win Draw Loss Fixtures

### Pre-season

### Mid-season

Source:

## Competitions

### Overview

In italics, we indicate the Final position achieved in competition(s) that have not yet been completed.

Last updated: 1 September 2024 Source: Soccerway

### Nemzeti Bajnokság I

#### League table

#### Results summary

Last updated: 1 September 2024. Source: Soccerway

#### Results by round

#### Matches

Win Draw Loss Postponed

Source:

#### Results overview

All results are indicated from the perspective of Ferencvárosi TC. We indicate in parentheses the number of round. Win Draw Loss Postponed

### Magyar Kupa

#### Round of 64

The draw for the Round of 64 was held on 26 August 2024. Budafok also started the Magyar Kupa competitions in this round.

#### Round of 32

The draw for the Round of 32 will hold on 16 September 2024.

### UEFA Champions League

#### Second qualifying round

Ferencváros won 7–1 on aggregate.

#### Third qualifying round

Midtjylland won 3–1 on aggregate.

### UEFA Europa League

#### Play-off round

1–1 on aggregate, Ferencváros won 3–2 on penalties.

#### League phase

The draw for the League phase was held on 30 August 2024. The team for League Phase: Goalkeepers: Dibusz, Á. Varga – Defenders: Botka, Cissé, Ćivić, Gartenmann, Gustavo, Kaján, Ramírez, Szalai – Midfielders: Abu Fani, Ben Romdhane, Kady, Maïga, Makreckis, Rommens, A. Tóth, Zachariassen – Forwards: Saldanha, Gruber, Misidjan, Pešić, Traoré, B. Varga

## Squad statistics

### Appearances

Includes all competitions for senior teams. We indicate the number of the player's appearances as substitute by the combination of a plus sign and a figure.

Notes: GK: goalkeeper; DF: defender; MF: midfielder; FW: forward

### Goal scorers

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total goals are equal. Players with no goals not included in the list. We indicate in parentheses how many of the goals scored by the player from penalties.

### Assists

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total assists are equal. Players with no assists not included in the list.

### Goalkeppers

#### Clean sheets

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total clean sheets are equal. Numbers in parentheses represent games where both goalkeepers participated and both kept a clean sheet; the number in parentheses is awarded to the goalkeeper who was substituted on, whilst a full clean sheet is awarded to the goalkeeper who was on the field at the start of play.

### Disciplinary record

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by red cards, then yellow cards (and by squad number when total cards are equal). Players with no cards not included in the list.

### Captains

Includes all competitions for senior teams. The list is sorted by squad number when season-total number of games where a player started as captain are equal. Players with no games started as captain not included in the list.

## Attendances

Home stadium: Groupama Arena, Budapest – Capacity: 23,700 (22,122 in international matches)

## Awards and nominations

### Weekly awards

#### Player of the Round

Player of the Week by Nemzeti Sport and Round Selection of Nemzeti Bajnokság by Nemzeti Sport and Csakfoci websites.

#### Goal of the Round

Goal of the Round of Nemzeti Bajnokság by the M4 Sport website.

- Score – The score at the time of the goal. Ferencvárosi TC's score listed first.

- Final score – The score at full time; Ferencvárosi TC's listed first.

### Monthly awards

#### Player of the Month

Player of the Month by Ferencvárosi TC (Sponsored: HSA Group).

### Yearly awards

## Milestones

Debuts

The following players made their competitive debuts for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

50th appearances

The following players made their 50th appearances for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

First goals

The following players scored their first goals for Ferencvárosi TC's first team during the campaign.

- Score – The score at the time of the goal. Ferencvárosi TC's score listed first.

- Final score – The score at full time; Ferencvárosi TC's listed first.


Stefan Mross


Laura Hamilton

# Laura Hamilton

## Abstract

Laura Jane Hamilton (born 24 April 1982) is an English television presenter, property expert and entrepreneur. She began her career on children's television, presenting shows such as Fun Song Factory and on Nickelodeon. She participated in series six of Dancing on Ice in 2011, finishing in second place.

Since February 2012, Hamilton has been a presenter of Channel 4 's A Place in the Sun and also co-presented Cowboy Builders & Bodge Jobs for Channel 5 in 2015. In 2022 she joined ITV's This Morning presenting Live features on location.

## Early life and early career

Hamilton grew up in Dartford, Kent. After gaining A-Levels at Dartford Grammar School for Girls, she turned down an offer to study law and psychology at university for a one-year contract at Channel 4 television, as a runner for Dermot O'Leary. She left Channel 4 after her contract ended and worked as an Assistant Floor Manager on productions including Top of the Pops, The Buckingham Palace Jubilee Celebrations, The Games, T4, Party in the Park, Robbie Williams at Knebworth and Big Brother. She then went on to work as a 2nd/3rd Assistant Director on TV shows including Family Affairs, The Bill, and films including Harry Potter and Stardust. She worked behind the camera for four years in assistant roles before making her on-screen TV debut.

She has also worked for production companies and broadcasters including ITV, Channel 5, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, Boomerang and Disney XD.

## Television and film career

Her first break in front of the camera came as 'Melody' in the popular pre-school show Fun Song Factory for CITV, which she played for two and a half years until the show ended in 2006. She had appeared alongside Aston Merrygold from JLS on Fun Song Factory. She also appeared in the films Dead Man's Cards in 2006 and Magicians in 2007. She was also the face of Citibank for their European campaign.

In 2006, Hamilton became the female face of kids' TV channel Nickelodeon, and has presented Nickheads, Slime Across the UK in summer 2007, and ME:TV (LIVE) for the channel. She has also presented the Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards, with McFly in 2007, and Dannii Minogue in 2008.

In March 2008, Hamilton started guest presenting on GMTV 's Toonattik. She was involved in the Endemol -produced The Bratz Design Academy in late 2008 where children got to become fashion designers and design a dress that she wore to an awards ceremony. In 2009, Hamilton co-hosted the UK version of Staraoke on Boomerang with Nigel Clarke.

On 18 December 2010, Hamilton was revealed as one of the 16 celebrities to participate in ITV1's flagship show, Dancing on Ice in 2011.

In early 2011, amongst a few others, she was in discussions with Simon Cowell to present The Xtra Factor that year. She decided to quit her job with Nickelodeon to move away from children's television.

On 4 October 2011, Hamilton appeared on the Channel 5 show Real Food Family Cook Off as a guest judge alongside chef Ainsley Harriott. On 17 February 2012, Hamilton appeared in Series 11 of The Real Hustle, as a participant.

On 24 March 2012, Hamilton appeared on Winter Wipeout 's first celebrity special. She failed to progress to the "Wipeout Zone" final, after being eliminated in 4th place at the 'Winter Blunderland' stage. On 13 December 2012, Hamilton appeared on Celebrity Eggheads alongside Alistair Appleton, Simon O'Brien, Ed Hall and Angus Purden in the "house and home experts" team.

Her show Beat my Build aired on Channel 4 in November 2013. In 2014, she participated in the first series of The Jump and left the competition on day 5, after narrowly losing the ski jump-off against Donal MacIntyre.

### Recent work

Hamilton presented the revived series of Fort Boyard for CITV, now called Fort Boyard: Ultimate Challenge, which also aired on Disney XD in the USA. She co-hosted alongside American actor, Geno Segers in series 1 & 2 and former Blue Peter presenter, Andy Akinwolere from series 3 to 5. The show was not renewed for a 6th series in 2015.

On 24 August 2011, it was announced in Hello Magazine that Hamilton would be joining the team of Channel 4's award-winning show, A Place in the Sun. Her first episode aired on 6 February 2012.

Laura presents outside feature broadcasts and viewer competitions including for ITV's This Morning. Hamilton regularly writes for A Place in the Sun magazine and also reviews hotels for national publications.

## Dancing on Ice

Hamilton took part and came second place in the 2011 series of popular ITV show Dancing on Ice with Canadian professional Colin Ratushniak. They were top of the leaderboard four times during the competition; Qualifier 1 with a score of 19.5 out of 30, week 4 with a score of 25.5 out of 30, week 5 with a score of 25.5 out of 30 and week 7 with a score of 28.5 out of 30/57.0 out of 60.

In week 7 of the competition, Hamilton captained a team in the 'team challenge'. The judges decided her group's performance was the better of the two and thus, every skater in her team had their points doubled, therefore Hamilton and Ratushniak's score for that week was 57.0 out of a possible 60.

They were only the fourth couple in Dancing on Ice history to achieve a perfect score of 30.0 out of 30.0 when they performed their favourite routine to " I'm So Excited " in the Final. They came second place overall. She also took part in Dancing on Ice: The Tour 2011 along with Ratushniak.

## Charity work

Hamilton is an ambassador for the charities WellChild and the Children's Trust, Tadworth.

## Personal life

Hamilton lives in Surrey with her children. Her husband left her and they are Divorced. She seated with Jonny from the TV show.


Battle of Palkhed

# Battle of Palkhed

## Abstract

The Battle of Palkhed was fought on 28 February 1728 at the village of Palkhed, near the city of vaijapur, in what is now Maharashtra, India, between the Maratha Confederacy and the Hyderabad State wherein the Marathas defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad.

## Prelude

The battle plan was set by the withdrawal of Baji Rao I 's army from the southern reaches of the Maratha empire during May 1727. This was followed by Shahu breaking off negotiations with the Nizam-ul-Mulk about the restoration of the Chauth.

## Battle

Baji Rao and the Maratha armies were called back from the south, from the Karnataka campaign. In May 1727, Baji Rao then asked Shahu to break off negotiations with Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I (Nizam-ul-Mulk had called for arbitration over the payment of the Chauth and sardeshmukhi) and started mobilizing an army. With the monsoons over and the land ready for this campaign, Baji Rao moved towards Aurangabad.

After defeating Iwaz Khan, the General of Nizam-ul-Mulk, and plundering Jalna and Sindkhed, Baji Rao moved towards Burhanpur.

When Baji Rao left North Khandesh and headed west to Gujarat, Nizam-ul-Mulk's army pursued him. The Nizam-ul-Mulk, however, threw up the chase and headed south towards Pune. It is known that the Nizam brought massive army and enough supplies to last the entire campaign with him. However, the Maratha armies were quite small and obtained supplies by pillaging and raiding outposts while travelling.

### Sambhaji II's withdrawal

In Baramati, Nizam-ul-Mulk got news of Baji Rao moving towards Aurangabad. Nizam-ul-Mulk began moving northwards to intercept the Maratha Army. By this time he was confident of crushing Baji Rao and his army. However, the Raja of Kolhapur, Sambhaji II refused to join him in this campaign. The Nizam was cornered in a waterless tract near Palkhed on 25 February 1728. Through Iwaz Khan, the Nizam-ul-Mulk sent out a word of his plight, and his army was allowed to move to the vicinity of the river. The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar appointed Nizam-ul-Mulk as the Subedar of the Deccan.

## Aftermath

The Nizam of Hyderabad was defeated by the Marathas, and Peshwa Baji Rao I made him sign a peace treaty on 6 March 1728 at the village of Mungi-Paithan.

By the treaty of Munji Shivagaon, the Nizam agreed to make certain concessions to the Peshwa.

- Chhatrapati Shahu was recognised as the sole Maratha ruler.

- Marathas were given the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of Deccan.

- Those revenue collectors driven out would be reappointed.

- The balance revenue was to be paid to Chhatrapati Shahu.

## Montgomery's conclusion

British field marshal Bernard Montgomery studied Baji Rao's tactics in the Palkhed campaign, particularly his rapid movements and his troops' ability to live off the land (with little concern about supply and communication lines) while conducting " maneuver warfare " against the enemy. In his book, A Concise History of Warfare, Montgomery wrote the following about Baji Rao's victory at Palkhed:

They (Marathas) were at their best in the eighteenth century, and the Palkhed campaign of 1727–28 in which Baji Rao I outgeneralled Nizam-ul-Mulk, is a masterpiece of strategic mobility. Baji Rao's army was a purely mounted force, armed only with sabre, lance, a bow in some units and a round shield. There was a spare horse for every two men. The Marathas moved unencumbered by artillery, baggage, or even handguns and defensive armour. They supplied themselves by looting.

Montgomery further wrote,

Baji Rao resented the Nizam's rule over the Deccan and it was he who struck the first blow. In October 1727, as soon as rainy season ended, Baji Rao burst into the territories of Nizam. The lightly equipped Marathas moved with great rapidity, avoiding the main towns and fortresses, living off the country, burning and plundering. They met one reverse at the hands of Nizam's able lieutenant, Iwaz Khan, at the beginning of November 1727, but within a month they had fully recovered and were off again, dashing east, north, west, with sudden changes in direction. The Nizam had mobilised his forces, and for a time pursued them, but he was bewildered by the swift unpredictable movements of Marathas, and his men became exhausted.


2002 in Germany

# 2002 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 2002 in Germany.

## Incumbents

- President – Johannes Rau

- Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder

## Events

- 1 January - The Euro Currency officially became the legal tender for Germany, along with the other European Union (EU) Eurozone member area countries, replacing the Deutsche Mark by being introduced physically with the official launch of the currency coins and banknotes. 6-17 February - 52nd Berlin International Film Festival

- 22 February: Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002

- 26 April: Erfurt massacre

- 17 May: Legoland Germany opens.

- 8 June – 15 September : Documenta11

- 30 June: The Völkerstrafgesetzbuch goes into effect.

- 1 July: Überlingen mid-air collision

- 10 July: Swiss International Air Lines Flight 850

- 13 July: Murder of Marinus Schöberl

- August: 2002 European floods

- 22 October: The Second Schröder cabinet led by Gerhard Schröder was sworn in.

- 16 December: Berlin Plus agreement

- Date unknown: German construction company Philipp Holzmann is defunct. Hammer Klavier Trio, a jazz trio from Hamburg is founded. JCNetwork student consultancy is founded. NanoAndMore, a nanotechnology distributor is founded.

- German construction company Philipp Holzmann is defunct.

- Hammer Klavier Trio, a jazz trio from Hamburg is founded.

- JCNetwork student consultancy is founded.

- NanoAndMore, a nanotechnology distributor is founded.

## Elections

- 2002 German federal election

- 2002 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election

- 2002 Saxony-Anhalt state election

## Births

- 26 October - Emma Schweiger, actress

## Deaths

- 27 January - Franz Meyers, German politician (born 1908)

- 1 February - Hildegard Knef, German actress (born 1925)

- 8 February - Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (born 1930)

- 11 March - Marion Dönhoff. German journalist (born 1909)

- 13 March - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (born 1900)

- 3 April - Heinz Drache, German actor (born 1923)

- 9 April - Thomas Dinger, German musician (born 1952)

- 2 May - Richard Stücklen, German politician (born 1916)

- 4 May - Rolf Friedemann Pauls, German diplomat (born 1915)

- 2 June - Konrad Wirnhier, German sport shooter (born 1937)

- 13 June - John Herberger, German football player and coach (born 1919)

- 17 June - Fritz Walter, German football player (born 1920)

- 22 June - Frank Ripploh, German actor and film director (born 1949)

- 29 June - Alfred Dregger, German politician (born 1920)

- 13 July - Marinus Schöberl, German murder victim (born 1985)

- 25 July - Johannes Joachim Degenhardt, Archbishop of Paderborn (born 1926)

- 30 August - Horst Wendlandt, German film director (born 1922)

- 14 October - Norbert Schultze, German film composer (born 1911)

- 23 October - Marianne Hoppe, German actress (born 1909)

- 7 November - Rudolf Augstein, German journalist (born 1923)

- 3 December - Klaus Löwitsch, German actor (born 1936)

- 6 December - Gerhard Löwenthal, German journalist (born 1922)

- 31 December - Jürgen Dethloff, German engineer (born 1924)