I Can Do It with a Broken Heart

# I Can Do It with a Broken Heart

## Abstract

" I Can Do It with a Broken Heart " is a song by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift from her eleventh studio album, The Tortured Poets Department (2024). Written and produced by Swift and Jack Antonoff, the song is about Swift's perseverance and professionalism while going through personal hardships during the early days of the Eras Tour. Musically, "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" is characterized by its upbeat, electropop and dance-pop production, incorporating house and bubblegum beats, and salient synth arpeggios.

Upon release of the album, critics considered the song a standout due to its sanguine music, in contrast with the generally downtempo mood of the rest of the album. Swift included the song as a regular on the revamped setlist of the Eras Tour in 2024. "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" was released as the second single from The Tortured Poets Department on July 2, 2024. The song's accompanying music video is a compilation of footage from the Eras Tour and its rehearsals.

Commercially, "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" peaked at number five on the Billboard Global 200 chart and placed within the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It received certifications in Australia, New Zealand, Portugal and the United Kingdom.

## Background and release

Swift started working on The Tortured Poets Department immediately after she submitted her tenth studio album, Midnights, to Republic Records for release in 2022. She continued working on it in secrecy throughout the US leg of the Eras Tour in 2023. The album's conception took place amidst media reports on Swift's broken relationship with the English actor Joe Alwyn while she was starting the Eras Tour. She described The Tortured Poets Department as a "lifeline" for her and an album which she "really needed" to make.

Republic Records released The Tortured Poets Department on April 19, 2024; "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" is 13th on the track list. From May 2024, the track was included in the revamped setlist of the Eras Tour. To celebrate the European leg of the tour, Universal Music Group released the song to Italian radio as the second single from the album on July 2, 2024. In the United States, Republic Records sent the song to pop radio stations on July 12, 2024. The track was released digitally on music streaming services on July 16, 2024; the cover artwork is a capture of Swift's performance of the song at the Eras Tour concert in Lyon, France, on June 2, 2024.

The music video for "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" was released on August 20, 2024, and premiered during the final show of the European leg of The Eras Tour. The video features a compilation of footage and behind-the-scenes clips of Swift preparing for the tour. It also included rehearsals for the live performance of "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart", costume changes and Swift entering a cleaning cart prop used to transport her onto the raised stage. The video also features the tour's choreographers, backing vocalists, and guitarist Paul Sidoti.

## Music and lyrics

Swift wrote and produced "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" with Jack Antonoff, who programmed the track and played the drums, piano, and synthesizer. The track was recorded by Laura Sisk and Oli Jacobs, who provided background vocals, percussion, and a spoken word. "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" is an upbeat electropop and dance-pop song. The song is written in common time with tempo of 132 BPM and in the key of C major. Its incorporation of house elements and a bubblegum - and dance -friendly beat is a contrast to the album's predominantly moody atmosphere. It is instrumented by percolating synth arpeggios. Critics compared the song's production to Swift's 2022 track " Mastermind " and the music of other artists such as Robyn or the Pet Shop Boys.

The song is lyrically a "pep talk" to oneself about persevering in the face of being a public figure despite personal heartbreak. Joel Calfee of Harper's Bazaar considered it to be a "deceptively upbeat" song, wherein "Swift gets candid about what it was like to perform through the heartbreak". Music journalists suggested "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" discusses Swift's need to hide her negative emotions regarding the breakup while performing on her tour ("All the pieces of me shattered as the crowd was chanting 'more'."). Will Harris of Q wrote that the lyrics showcased "romantic confusion and heartbreak", citing the lyrics, "I'm so depressed, I act like it's my birthday every day/ I'm so obsessed with him, but he avoids me like the plague."

## Critical reception

Variety gave the song a positive review in its review of the parent album, considering it to be the album's climax and suggested it was "sure to be one of the most talked-about and replayed tracks". In a ranking of all 31 tracks of The Anthology edition of The Tortured Poets Department, Billboard ranked the song in eighth place, considering the song "rollicking, snarky and strikingly funny". Clash 's Lauren Webb described the track as "triumphantly-erupting". Josh Kurp of Uproxx selected "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" as one of the album's "strong songs", while Alex Hudson from Exclaim! opined that its production makes it the only track that stands out on the album. Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine opined that the song was a "viable radio ".

Writing for The Guardian, Laura Snapes considered the lyric "lights, camera, bitch smile" to be " meme -worthy" and "makes clear why she wanted back on TikTok." In NME, Laura Molloy deemed "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" "poised for internet virality than anything more substantial". Olivia Horn from Pitchfork similarly suggested that the lyrics were "versed in memespeak" and the music was too familiar to Swift and Antonoff's past collaborations. By contrast, Tom Breihan of Stereogum wrote that the song showcased "a musical energy and inventiveness" that suggested a new path for Swift's artistry, praising the vocals and keyboard instrumentation. Writing for Beats Per Minute, John Wohlmacher said the song is "so unabashedly unhinged and manic that it’s pure joy".

## Commercial performance

Following the album's release, its tracks occupied the top nine of the Billboard Global 200; "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" debuted at its peak of number five on the chart, where it extended Swift's top-10 entries to 33. In the United States, the song opened and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It along with 13 tracks from the album made Swift the first artist to monopolize the top 14 of the Hot 100. The song also charted at number 7 on Adult Pop Airplay when it was released. In Australia, it reached number five on the ARIA Singles Chart and made her the artist with the most entries in a single week with 29.

Elsewhere, "I Can Do It with a Broken Heart" reached the top 10 in Canada (4), Ireland (5), Singapore (5), New Zealand (6), the United Kingdom (8), and the Philippines (10). It also charted within the 20 in many countries: number 11 in Austria, number 12 in Latvia, number 14 in Malaysia and Portugal, number 15 in Belgium and Luxembourg, number 17 in Sweden, and number 19 in Croatia, Denmark, and South Africa. The song received certifications in Australia (gold), New Zealand (gold), Portugal (gold), and the United Kingdom (gold).

## Personnel

- Taylor Swift – vocals, songwriter, producer

- Jack Antonoff – producer, songwriter, drums, piano, Juno, M1, percussion, programming

- Oli Jacobs – background vocals, percussion, spoken word, recording engineer

- Serban Ghenea – mixing

- Bryce Bordone – mix engineer

- Laura Sisk – recording engineer

- Jon Sher – assistant recording engineer

- Jack Manning – assistant recording engineer

- Lauren Marquez – assistant recording engineer

- Joe Caldwell – assistant recording engineer

- Randy Merrill – mastering

- Ryan Smith – mastering


2024 IndyCar Series

# 2024 IndyCar Series

## Abstract

The 2024 NTT IndyCar Series was the 113th official championship season of American open wheel racing and the 29th season under IndyCar Series sanction. Its showcase event was the 108th running of the Indianapolis 500.

Spanish driver Álex Palou entered the season as the defending champion, having obtained his second IndyCar title in 2023, while Josef Newgarden entered the season as the defending Indianapolis 500 winner. Newgarden won his second consecutive Indianapolis 500, the first driver to do so since Hélio Castroneves in 2001 and 2002.

## Background and series news

The 2.2-liter engines used in the series are scheduled to have hybrid technology implemented after the original plans to debut a new 2.4-liter hybrid engine formula were postponed to 2027. The original plan was to introduce the hybrid powertrain at the start of the season in St. Petersburg, but on December 7, 2023, IndyCar announced a delay to its introduction, until after the Indianapolis 500. IndyCar announced on May 14, 2024, that the new hybrid powertrain would debut at Mid-Ohio.

This is also the final year of IndyCar's current television contract with NBC Sports, which began in 2019 and was extended in 2021. For 2025, the series' television coverage will move to Fox for all races.

New race restart procedures were introduced for 2024. On restarts, a new "restart line" was introduced, which drivers must pass before making overtaking attempts. The rule was introduced in response to a large number of incidents in 2023 that occurred from cars attempting to overtake early on race restarts.

For all oval events, the series mandated new, stronger rear suspension uprights on all cars. The new components were introduced in response to an incident during the 2023 Indianapolis 500 where a rear wheel assembly broke free from a car (specifically the Andretti No. 27 of Kyle Kirkwood who got collected by the spinning Arrow McLaren No. 6 of Felix Rosenqvist) and was launched over the catch fence meant to contain cars to the race circuit.

## Confirmed entries

The following teams, entries, and drivers compete in the 2024 NTT IndyCar Series season. All teams use a spec Dallara DW12 chassis with 2018 universal aero kit and Firestone tires.

### Driver changes

#### Preseason

- On January 12, 2023, Arrow McLaren confirmed reports that 2021 NASCAR Cup Series champion Kyle Larson would drive for the team in the Indianapolis 500, with the entry to be co-owned by Larson's Cup Series car owner Rick Hendrick.

- On August 11, 2023, Meyer Shank Racing confirmed reports that its IMSA driver Tom Blomqvist would drive for its No. 66 entry full-time in 2024, with 4-time Indianapolis 500 winner Hélio Castroneves moving to an Indy-only role for the team, as well as receiving an ownership stake in the team.

- On August 23, 2023, Andretti Autosport confirmed reports that 2022 Indianapolis 500 winner Marcus Ericsson would join the team, departing Chip Ganassi Racing after four seasons, replacing Romain Grosjean. Ganassi stated on social media the same day that it would announce driver updates "in due course". On August 31, 2023, Chip Ganassi Racing confirmed reports that 2022 Indy Lights champion Linus Lundqvist would join the team on a full-time basis, ultimately replacing Ericsson in the No. 8 car.

- On September 2, 2023, NBC Sports reported that Romain Grosjean told them that he would be departing Andretti Autosport after two seasons with the team. On October 4, 2023, Grosjean released a statement confirming his departure from Andretti, and that he has commenced an arbitration proceeding in Indiana against the team, saying that he had expected to continue racing with the team "in the coming years".

- On October 4, 2023, Grosjean released a statement confirming his departure from Andretti, and that he has commenced an arbitration proceeding in Indiana against the team, saying that he had expected to continue racing with the team "in the coming years".

- On September 5, 2023, Meyer Shank Racing confirmed reports that Felix Rosenqvist had signed to drive the No. 60 entry in a multi-year deal. Rosenqvist departed Arrow McLaren after three seasons.

- On September 5, 2023, 2019 Indianapolis 500 winner and 2016 IndyCar Series champion Simon Pagenaud released a statement confirming his departure from Meyer Shank Racing after two seasons, saying that he would be focusing on his recovery from injuries sustained in a crash during practice at Mid-Ohio in 2023.

- On September 7, 2023, Chip Ganassi Racing confirmed reports that Marcus Armstrong had re-signed with the team on a full-time basis with a multi-year contract, having served as road/street course driver alongside Takuma Sato in 2023.

- On September 8, 2023, Arrow McLaren confirmed reports that David Malukas had signed to drive the No. 6 entry full-time in 2024, departing Dale Coyne Racing after two seasons.

- On September 18, 2023, Chip Ganassi Racing announced that development driver Kyffin Simpson would join the team full time in 2024, expanding the team to 5 cars.

- On October 23, 2023, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing announced that Haas F1 Team reserve driver Pietro Fittipaldi would drive the team's No. 30 entry full-time in 2024, making his first start in the series since the 2021 season. The same day, RLL confirmed that Jüri Vips, who drove the No. 30 entry in the final two races of 2023, would remain under contract with the team, with the possibility of part-time competition in a fourth entry, testing duties and opportunities in IMSA competition.

- On October 25, 2023, Ed Carpenter Racing announced that 2023 Indy NXT champion Christian Rasmussen would drive the team's No. 20 entry on road and street courses in 2024, and in a third entry at the Indianapolis 500. Team owner/driver Ed Carpenter will compete in all oval races in the No. 20, having driven for the team's third entry for the last two seasons.

- On October 26, 2023, Juncos Hollinger Racing announced that they had mutually decided to part ways with driver Callum Ilott after three seasons together. On November 2, 2023, Juncos confirmed that Romain Grosjean signed for the team, replacing the outgoing Ilott.

- On December 15, 2023, A. J. Foyt Racing announced that Sting Ray Robb would drive the No. 41 entry full-time for the 2024 season, leaving Dale Coyne Racing after one season. Initial reports covering the announcement stated that Robb was to replace Benjamin Pedersen, with the entry being renumbered to 41 from the 55 which Pedersen drove in 2023. However, later that day, Pedersen released a statement on social media implying that he had not left the team and that Robb would be joining as his teammate, with team director Larry Foyt being non-committal when directly asked if Robb was replacing Pedersen during a teleconference with media. On January 9, 2024, Larry Foyt confirmed that Pedersen was departing the team as his contract had "lapsed".

- On February 1, 2024, Dreyer & Reinbold Racing / Cusick Motorsports confirmed plans to field a joint entry for the Indianapolis 500, with Ryan Hunter-Reay and Conor Daly serving as drivers of the No. 23 and No. 24 cars, respectively.

- On February 13, 2024, David Malukas confirmed that he had injured his wrist while mountain biking and would miss the first race of the season to recover. Callum Ilott was announced as his replacement on March 5, and also competed at the non-championship event at The Thermal Club.

- On February 15, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing announced that Takuma Sato would return to the team to compete in the Indianapolis 500.

- On March 5, Dale Coyne Racing announced that Jack Harvey would drive the No. 18 entry in 14 races this year, with 2023 Indy NXT rookie of the year Nolan Siegel partaking in events that do not clash with his Indy NXT commitments, including the Indianapolis 500. Coyne also confirmed sports car and former NASCAR driver Colin Braun would drive the No. 51 in at least the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and the non-championship event at The Thermal Club.

#### Mid-season

- Throughout the season, Dale Coyne Racing would announce multiple drivers for its No. 51 entry: On April 9, that Katherine Legge would drive for the No. 51 entry for the Indianapolis 500. Legge returned to the car for the Iowa double-header. On April 15, that Nolan Siegel would switch from the No. 18 to the No. 51 at Long Beach, and that Jack Harvey would race the No. 18 at Long Beach, extending his program in that entry to 15 races. On April 25, that former Williams F1 test driver Luca Ghiotto would drive the No. 51 at Barber Motorsports Park and the Indianapolis Grand Prix. On June 4, Ghiotto was announced to return to the car for Road America and Laguna Seca. On May 29, that 2013 IndyCar Series rookie of the year Tristan Vautier would drive the No. 51 at Detroit. On June 26, that former Indy NXT driver Toby Sowery would drive the No. 51 at Mid-Ohio, making his IndyCar debut. On July 17, it was announced that Sowery would make two additional starts in Toronto and Portland.

- On April 9, that Katherine Legge would drive for the No. 51 entry for the Indianapolis 500. Legge returned to the car for the Iowa double-header.

- On April 15, that Nolan Siegel would switch from the No. 18 to the No. 51 at Long Beach, and that Jack Harvey would race the No. 18 at Long Beach, extending his program in that entry to 15 races.

- On April 25, that former Williams F1 test driver Luca Ghiotto would drive the No. 51 at Barber Motorsports Park and the Indianapolis Grand Prix. On June 4, Ghiotto was announced to return to the car for Road America and Laguna Seca.

- On May 29, that 2013 IndyCar Series rookie of the year Tristan Vautier would drive the No. 51 at Detroit.

- On June 26, that former Indy NXT driver Toby Sowery would drive the No. 51 at Mid-Ohio, making his IndyCar debut. On July 17, it was announced that Sowery would make two additional starts in Toronto and Portland.

- On April 9, Arrow McLaren confirmed that David Malukas would miss the second round at Long Beach and that Callum Ilott was unavailable due to a conflicting FIA World Endurance Championship round. On April 18, reigning Formula 2 champion Théo Pourchaire was announced as the driver of the No. 6 car for Long Beach. On April 23, Pourchaire was confirmed to drive at Barber.

- On April 29, Arrow McLaren announced the release of Malukas from his contract, citing the reason that he still had no confirmed return date from the wrist injuries sustained in the mountain bike accident on February 11. On May 9, Pourchaire was confirmed to drive the No. 6 for the remainder of the season, bar the Indianapolis 500 in which Ilott will drive.

- On May 29, Meyer Shank Racing announced that Hélio Castroneves would drive the No. 66 at Detroit and Road America, replacing Tom Blomqvist. Blomqvist remains signed to a multi-year contract with the team, but Marshall Pruett of RACER.com reported that it was "unclear" whether or not he would return to the entry. On June 7, Meyer Shank Racing announced that David Malukas would drive the No. 66 in all races after Road America, also confirming that Blomqvist would not return to the entry.

- On June 7, Juncos Hollinger Racing announced that Nolan Siegel would drive the No. 78 entry at Road America, with Agustín Canapino taking a "leave of absence" following the online abuse from some of Canapino's fans directed at Théo Pourchaire following the Detroit Grand Prix.

- On June 18, Arrow McLaren announced that Nolan Siegel had signed a multi-year contract for the No. 6 and would be driving for the remainder of the season, replacing Pourchaire. With Siegel having been scheduled to drive the No. 18 car for Dale Coyne Racing in Toronto prior to signing with Arrow McLaren, it was announced on July 16 that 2023 Indy NXT runner-up Hunter McElrea would drive the No. 18 car at the event.

- With Siegel having been scheduled to drive the No. 18 car for Dale Coyne Racing in Toronto prior to signing with Arrow McLaren, it was announced on July 16 that 2023 Indy NXT runner-up Hunter McElrea would drive the No. 18 car at the event.

- On July 14, following Jack Harvey 's withdrawal from the event due to neck pains, Conor Daly drove for Dale Coyne Racing's No. 18 entry for the second Iowa race as an injury substitute.

- On July 19, Arrow McLaren confirmed that Alexander Rossi suffered a broken right thumb in practice for the race in Toronto and was not medically cleared to continue in the event. Théo Pourchaire replaced Rossi in Toronto. On August 8, Rossi was confirmed to make his return at Gateway.

- On August 7, Agustín Canapino and Juncos Hollinger Racing parted ways. On August 14, Conor Daly was announced as Canapino's replacement for the remainder of the season.

- On August 7, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing announced that Jüri Vips would drive for the team in a fourth car for the round at Portland International Raceway.

- On August 28, Ed Carpetner Racing announced that Christian Rasmussen would replace owner/driver Ed Carpenter in the final three races of the season in the No. 20 entry.

### Team changes

#### Preseason

- On September 5, 2023, Andretti Autosport announced a rebrand that would take effect for the 2024 season, with all of its race teams running under the Andretti Global banner.

- On October 3, 2023, Arrow McLaren and Juncos Hollinger Racing announced the formation of a strategic alliance that "may evolve over time", beginning with a "commercial and strategic focus" and "talent development opportunity".

- On November 10, 2023, Andretti Global confirmed that they would drop to three entries from four for the 2024 season.

#### Mid-season

- Abel Motorsports was planning to enter the Indy 500, but the team shelved its efforts on May 3 due to lack of sponsorship. On the same press release, team manager John Brunner stated the team could look into competing at other races later in the season.

- On June 6, Arrow McLaren terminated the strategic alliance with Juncos Hollinger Racing, citing the online abuse including death threats directed towards McLaren driver Théo Pourchaire from fans of JHR driver Agustín Canapino following the race at Detroit, and Canapino's response to the incidents.

## Schedule

The schedule was released on September 25, 2023.

O Oval/Speedway R Road course S Street circuit NC Non-championship race

### Schedule changes

- On August 3, IndyCar announced that the Music City Grand Prix would host the season finale from 2024 onwards. The 2024 race was scheduled to feature a new layout running through Broadway in Downtown Nashville, but still featuring the Korean War Memorial Bridge. Laguna Seca 's date was moved to June to accommodate this. On February 14, 2024 – and due to anticipated construction beginning on the New Nissan Stadium which would interfere with the circuit – the race was moved 30 miles (48 kilometres) east to Nashville Superspeedway in Lebanon, Tennessee, for the first IndyCar race at the track since 2008.

- On September 10, it was announced that The Thermal Club would host an exhibition race on March 24, 2024, with the winner earning $1 million. The event will be the first non-point paying event since the 2008 Nikon Indy 300 at Surfers Paradise, and the first American Championship car race in Riverside County, California since 1983.

- On September 25, IndyCar released the 2024 schedule. The Texas race, which had been a feature of the schedule from the 1996–97 season, will not return in 2024. Additionally, the Gallagher Grand Prix, the second road course date at Indianapolis, will not return in 2024, as NASCAR returns to the oval for the Brickyard 400 instead of the road course they had used since 2020 ending the joint IndyCar–NASCAR weekend where both series raced at the same venue on the same weekend. Both races were replaced by the Milwaukee Mile Doubleheader. Night races will also be reintroduced for the Saturday Iowa race and Gateway.

## Points standings

- Ties are broken by number of wins, followed by number of 2nds, 3rds, etc.; then by finishing position in the previous race; then by random draw.

### Driver standings

- At all races except the Indy 500, the pole position qualifier earns 1 point (unless qualifying is not held). The twelve Indy 500 qualifiers who qualify for the fast 12 session receive points based on the results of that session, descending from 12 points for first place.

- Drivers who lead at least one race lap are awarded 1 point. The driver who leads the most laps during a race scores an additional 2 points.

- Entrant-initiated engine change-outs before the engine reaches their required distance run result in the loss of 10 points.

### Entrant standings

- Only full-time entries shown. Light-gray background indicates non-Leader's Circle entry.


Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function

# Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function

## Abstract

Fowler–Noll–Vo (or FNV) is a non-cryptographic hash function created by Glenn Fowler, Landon Curt Noll, and Kiem-Phong Vo.

The basis of the FNV hash algorithm was taken from an idea sent as reviewer comments to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2 committee by Glenn Fowler and Phong Vo in 1991. In a subsequent ballot round, Landon Curt Noll improved on their algorithm. In an email message to Landon, they named it the Fowler/Noll/Vo or FNV hash.

## Overview

The current versions are FNV-1 and FNV-1a, which supply a means of creating non-zero FNV offset basis. FNV currently comes in 32-, 64-, 128-, 256-, 512-, and 1024-bit variants. For pure FNV implementations, this is determined solely by the availability of FNV primes for the desired bit length; however, the FNV webpage discusses methods of adapting one of the above versions to a smaller length that may or may not be a power of two.

The FNV hash algorithms and reference FNV source code have been released into the public domain.

The Python programming language previously used a modified version of the FNV scheme for its default hash function. From Python 3.4, FNV has been replaced with SipHash to resist " hash flooding " denial-of-service attacks.

FNV is not a cryptographic hash.

## The hash

One of FNV's key advantages is that it is very simple to implement. Start with an initial hash value of FNV offset basis. For each byte in the input, multiply hash by the FNV prime, then XOR it with the byte from the input. The alternate algorithm, FNV-1a, reverses the multiply and XOR steps.

### FNV-1 hash

The FNV-1 hash algorithm is as follows:

In the above pseudocode, all variables are unsigned integers. All variables, except for byte_of_data, have the same number of bits as the FNV hash. The variable, byte_of_data, is an 8- bit unsigned integer.

As an example, consider the 64- bit FNV-1 hash:

- All variables, except for byte_of_data, are 64- bit unsigned integers.

- The variable, byte_of_data, is an 8- bit unsigned integer.

- The FNV_offset_basis is the 64- bit value: 14695981039346656037 (in hex, 0xcbf29ce484222325).

- The FNV_prime is the 64- bit value 1099511628211 (in hex, 0x100000001b3).

- The multiply returns the lower 64 bits of the product.

- The XOR is an 8- bit operation that modifies only the lower 8- bits of the hash value.

- The hash value returned is a 64- bit unsigned integer.

### FNV-1a hash

The FNV-1a hash differs from the FNV-1 hash only by the order in which the multiply and XOR is performed:

The above pseudocode has the same assumptions that were noted for the FNV-1 pseudocode. The change in order leads to slightly better avalanche characteristics.

### FNV-0 hash (deprecated)

The FNV-0 hash differs from the FNV-1 hash only by the initialisation value of the hash variable:

The above pseudocode has the same assumptions that were noted for the FNV-1 pseudocode.

A consequence of the initialisation of the hash to 0 is that empty messages and all messages consisting of only the byte 0, regardless of their length, hash to 0.

Use of the FNV-0 hash is deprecated except for the computing of the FNV offset basis for use as the FNV-1 and FNV-1a hash parameters.

### FNV offset basis

There are several different FNV offset bases for various bit lengths. These offset bases are computed by computing the FNV-0 from the following 32 octets when expressed in ASCII:

This is one of Landon Curt Noll 's signature lines. This is the only current practical use for the deprecated FNV-0.

### FNV prime

An FNV prime is a prime number and is determined as follows:

For a given integer s such that 4 < s < 11, let n = 2 and t = ⌊ (5 + n) / 12 ⌋; then the n - bit FNV prime is the smallest prime number p that is of the form

such that:

- 0 < b < 2,

- the number of one-bits in the binary representation of b is either 4 or 5, and

- p mod (2 − 2 − 1) > 2 + 2 + 7.

Experimentally, FNV primes matching the above constraints tend to have better dispersion properties. They improve the polynomial feedback characteristic when an FNV prime multiplies an intermediate hash value. As such, the hash values produced are more scattered throughout the n - bit hash space.

### FNV hash parameters

The above FNV prime constraints and the definition of the FNV offset basis yield the following table of FNV hash parameters:

## Non-cryptographic hash

The FNV hash was designed for fast hash table and checksum use, not cryptography. The authors have identified the following properties as making the algorithm unsuitable as a cryptographic hash function:

- Speed of computation – As a hash designed primarily for hashtable and checksum use, FNV-1 and FNV-1a were designed to be fast to compute. However, this same speed makes finding specific hash values (collisions) by brute force faster.

- Sticky state – Being an iterative hash based primarily on multiplication and XOR, the algorithm is sensitive to the number zero. Specifically, if the hash value were to become zero at any point during calculation, and the next byte hashed were also all zeroes, then the hash would not change. This makes colliding messages trivial to create given a message that results in a hash value of zero at some point in its calculation. Additional operations, such as the addition of a third constant prime on each step, can mitigate this but may have detrimental effects on avalanche effect or random distribution of hash values.

- Diffusion – The ideal secure hash function is one in which each byte of input has an equally-complex effect on every bit of the hash. In the FNV hash, the ones place (the rightmost bit) is always the XOR of the rightmost bit of every input byte. This can be mitigated by XOR-folding (computing a hash twice the desired length, and then XORing the bits in the "upper half" with the bits in the "lower half").


The Infiltrator (1995 film)

# The Infiltrator (1995 film)

## Abstract

The Infiltrator is a 1995 American thriller drama film directed by John Mackenzie based on the book In Hitler's Shadow: An Israeli's Journey Inside Germany's Neo-Nazi Movement by Yaron Svoray and Nick Taylor about an Israeli freelance journalist who travels to Germany in the early 1990s and uncovers a dangerously pervasive underground Neo-Nazi faction with the intent to bring Nazism back to the forefront in Germany. It stars Oliver Platt, Arliss Howard, Tony Haygarth, Julian Glover and Michael Byrne.

The film was released on June 24, 1995, on HBO. It was final film under HBO Showcase banner before it was renamed to HBO NYC Productions in 1996.

## Cast

- Oliver Platt as Yaron Svoray

- Arliss Howard as Ricky Eaton

- Tony Haygarth as Gunther Fischer

- Michael Byrne as Dieter Creutz

- Julian Glover as Bielert

- Alex Kingston as Anna

## Original airing

The film originally aired on HBO on June 24, 1995.

## Reception

Variety praised the high quality of performances and production values of the film and called it "powerful TV, all the more unsettling for reminding us that right-wing extremism didn’t die with Hitler."


Ameerega pulchripecta

# Ameerega pulchripecta

## Abstract

Ameerega pulchripecta, formerly Epipedobates pulchripecta, is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.


2015 Monterrey Open – Singles

# 2015 Monterrey Open – Singles

## Abstract

Ana Ivanovic was the defending champion, but lost to Caroline Garcia in the semifinals.

Timea Bacsinszky won her second title of the year, defeating Garcia in the final, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4.

## Seeds

- Ana Ivanovic (semifinals)

- Sara Errani (semifinals)

- Caroline Garcia (final)

- Timea Bacsinszky (champion)

- Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (quarterfinals)

- Alison Riske (first round)

- Daniela Hantuchová (second round)

- Magdaléna Rybáriková (quarterfinals)

## Draw

### Key

- Q = Qualifier

- WC = Wild card

- LL = Lucky loser

- Alt = Alternate

- SE = Special exempt

- PR = Protected ranking

- ITF = ITF entry

- JE = Junior exempt

- w/o = Walkover

- r = Retired

- d = Defaulted

- SR = Special ranking

## Qualifying

### Seeds

- Varvara Lepchenko (first round)

- Lara Arruabarrena (first round)

- Lesia Tsurenko (moved to main draw)

- Tímea Babos (qualified)

- Taylor Townsend (first round)

- Grace Min (first round)

- Irina Falconi (qualifying competition)

- Alison Van Uytvanck (second round)

- Kimiko Date-Krumm (withdrew)

### Qualifiers

- Urszula Radwańska

- Bethanie Mattek-Sands

- Nicole Vaidišová

- Tímea Babos

### Draw


Joe Vance

# Joe Vance

## Abstract

Joseph 'Sandy' Albert Vance (September 16, 1905 – July 4, 1978) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched parts of three seasons in the majors between 1935 and 1938 for the Chicago White Sox and New York Yankees.

Vance was born in Devine, Texas, and went to Devine High School and then Southwest Texas State Teachers College where he lettered in five sports including football (1927), basketball (1928-29), baseball and track (1927).

While he didn't have much success as a pitcher, Vance was known for being fast - and likely the fastest person in baseball at one point. In 1929, he set the world record for running the bases at 13 seconds. Speaking in 1943, pitcher Max Macon of the baseball Dodgers, against whom Vance had competed in both the American Association and International League, called his former mound opponent the fastest man he'd ever seen. He turned down a chance to compete in the 1928 Olympics in track to concentrate on baseball.

He started his career in the minors and played 13 seasons of minor league baseball between 1930 and 1942. He finished with a win-loss record at that level of 108-101, and a 3.53 earned run averrage.

Vance also played 11 games for the football Brooklyn Dodgers in 1931 as a running back.

In 1933 Vance played for the Dallas Steers in the Texas League where he was named the best all-around player in the Texas League. In 1934 he was signed by the Chicago White Sox in September but continued to play for the Steers and also played football for the Dallas Rams of the 1934 American Football League. In June of 1935 he was released by the White Sox to Toronto. By 1936, he was playing for the Kansas City Blues.

Late in the 1937 season, Vance was called up to the Yankees and started the 1938 season with them before spending a short time back with the Blues. In 1938, Vance's season was cut short when he came down with appendicitis, which led the Yankees to trade Myril Hoag to the Nationals for Wes Ferrell. The Yankees won the World Series in both 1937 and 1938, but Vance did not play in those games.

In Panama he met his wife, Helen Liddy and the two were married in New York City in 1938. During World War II, he served in the Navy.

## Sources

- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)


Nutrient

# Nutrient

## Abstract

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excreted by cells to create non-cellular structures such as hair, scales, feathers, or exoskeletons. Some nutrients can be metabolically converted into smaller molecules in the process of releasing energy such as for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and fermentation products (ethanol or vinegar) leading to end-products of water and carbon dioxide. All organisms require water. Essential nutrients for animals are the energy sources, some of the amino acids that are combined to create proteins, a subset of fatty acids, vitamins and certain minerals. Plants require more diverse minerals absorbed through roots, plus carbon dioxide and oxygen absorbed through leaves. Fungi live on dead or living organic matter and meet nutrient needs from their host.

Different types of organisms have different essential nutrients. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is essential to humans and some animal species but most other animals and many plants are able to synthesize it. Nutrients may be organic or inorganic: organic compounds include most compounds containing carbon, while all other chemicals are inorganic. Inorganic nutrients include nutrients such as iron, selenium, and zinc, while organic nutrients include, protein, fats, sugars and vitamins.

A classification used primarily to describe nutrient needs of animals divides nutrients into macronutrients and micronutrients. Consumed in relatively large amounts (grams or ounces), macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water) are primarily used to generate energy or to incorporate into tissues for growth and repair. Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts (milligrams or micrograms); they have subtle biochemical and physiological roles in cellular processes, like vascular functions or nerve conduction. Inadequate amounts of essential nutrients or diseases that interfere with absorption, result in a deficiency state that compromises growth, survival and reproduction. Consumer advisories for dietary nutrient intakes such as the United States Dietary Reference Intake, are based on the amount required to prevent deficiency and provide macronutrient and micronutrient guides for both lower and upper limits of intake. In many countries, regulations require that food product labels display information about the amount of any macronutrients and micronutrients present in the food in significant quantities. Nutrients in larger quantities than the body needs may have harmful effects. Edible plants also contain thousands of compounds generally called phytochemicals which have unknown effects on disease or health including a diverse class with non-nutrient status called polyphenols which remain poorly understood as of 2024.

## Types

### Macronutrients

Macronutrients are defined in several ways.

- The chemical elements humans consume in the largest quantities are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur, summarized as CHNOPS.

- The chemical compounds that humans consume in the largest quantities and provide bulk energy are classified as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Water must be also consumed in large quantities but does not provide caloric value.

- Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride ions, along with phosphorus and sulfur, are listed with macronutrients because they are required in large quantities compared to micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and other minerals, the latter often described as trace or ultratrace minerals.

Macronutrients provide energy:

- Carbohydrates are compounds made up of types of sugar. Carbohydrates are classified according to their number of sugar units: monosaccharides (such as glucose and fructose), disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose), oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose).

- Proteins are organic compounds that consist of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Since the body cannot manufacture some of the amino acids (termed essential amino acids), the diet must supply them. Through digestion, proteins are broken down by proteases back into free amino acids.

- Fats consist of a glycerin molecule with three fatty acids attached. Fatty acid molecules contain a -COOH group attached to unbranched hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds alone (saturated fatty acids) or by both double and single bonds (unsaturated fatty acids). Fats are needed for construction and maintenance of cell membranes, to maintain a stable body temperature, and to sustain the health of skin and hair. Because the body does not manufacture certain fatty acids (termed essential fatty acids), they must be obtained through one's diet.

- Ethanol is not an essential nutrient, but it does provide calories.The United States Department of Agriculture uses a figure of 6.93 kilocalories (29.0 kJ) per gram of alcohol (5.47 kcal or 22.9 kJ per ml) for calculating food energy. For distilled spirits, a standard serving in the U.S. is 44 ml (1.5 US fl oz), which at 40% ethanol (80 proof) would be 14 grams and 98 calories.

### Micronutrients

Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required in varying quantities throughout life to serve metabolic and physiological functions.

- Dietary minerals, such as copper and iron, are elements native to Earth, and cannot be synthesized. They are required in the diet in microgram or milligram amounts. As plants obtain minerals from the soil, dietary minerals derive directly from plants consumed or indirectly from edible animal sources.

- Vitamins are organic compounds required in microgram or milligram amounts. The importance of each dietary vitamin was first established when it was determined that a disease would develop if that vitamin was absent from the diet.

## Essentiality

### Essential nutrients

An essential nutrient is a nutrient required for normal physiological function that cannot be synthesized in the body – either at all or in sufficient quantities – and thus must be obtained from a dietary source. Apart from water, which is universally required for the maintenance of homeostasis in mammals, essential nutrients are indispensable for various cellular metabolic processes and for the maintenance and function of tissues and organs. The nutrients considered essential for humans comprise nine amino acids, two fatty acids, thirteen vitamins, fifteen minerals and choline. In addition, there are several molecules that are considered conditionally essential nutrients since they are indispensable in certain developmental and pathological states.

#### Amino acids

An essential amino acid is an amino acid that is required by an organism but cannot be synthesized de novo by it, and therefore must be supplied in its diet. Out of the twenty standard protein-producing amino acids, nine cannot be endogenously synthesized by humans: phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine.

#### Fatty acids

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them. Only two fatty acids are known to be essential for humans: alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid).

#### Vitamins and vitamers

Vitamins occur in a variety of related forms known as vitamers. The vitamers of a given vitamin perform the functions of that vitamin and prevent symptoms of deficiency of that vitamin. Vitamins are those essential organic molecules that are not classified as amino acids or fatty acids. They commonly function as enzymatic cofactors, metabolic regulators or antioxidants. Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B), riboflavin (B), niacin (B), pantothenic acid (B), pyridoxine (B), biotin (B), folate (B), and cobalamin (B). The requirement for vitamin D is conditional, as people who get sufficient exposure to ultraviolet light, either from the sun or an artificial source, synthesize vitamin D in the skin.

#### Minerals

Minerals are the exogenous chemical elements indispensable for life. Although the four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) are essential for life, they are so plentiful in food and drink that these are not considered nutrients and there are no recommended intakes for these as minerals. The need for nitrogen is addressed by requirements set for protein, which is composed of nitrogen-containing amino acids. Sulfur is essential, but again does not have a recommended intake. Instead, recommended intakes are identified for the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine.

The essential nutrient trace elements for humans, listed in order of Recommended Dietary Allowance (expressed as a mass), are potassium, chloride, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, and selenium. Additionally, cobalt is a component of Vitamin B which is essential. There are other minerals which are essential for some plants and animals, but may or may not be essential for humans, such as boron and silicon.

#### Choline

Choline is an essential nutrient. The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. Healthy humans fed artificially composed diets that are deficient in choline develop fatty liver, liver damage, and muscle damage. Choline was not initially classified as essential because the human body can produce choline in small amounts through phosphatidylcholine metabolism.

### Conditionally essential

Conditionally essential nutrients are certain organic molecules that can normally be synthesized by an organism, but under certain conditions in insufficient quantities. In humans, such conditions include premature birth, limited nutrient intake, rapid growth, and certain disease states. Inositol, taurine, arginine, glutamine and nucleotides are classified as conditionally essential and are particularly important in neonatal diet and metabolism.

### Non-essential

Non-essential nutrients are substances within foods that can have a significant impact on health. Dietary fiber is not absorbed in the human digestive tract. Soluble fiber is metabolized to butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids by bacteria residing in the large intestine. Soluble fiber is marketed as serving a prebiotic function with claims for promoting "healthy" intestinal bacteria.

### Non-nutrients

Ethanol (C H OH) is not an essential nutrient, but it does supply approximately 29 kilojoules (7 kilocalories) of food energy per gram. For spirits (vodka, gin, rum, etc.) a standard serving in the United States is 44 millilitres (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fluid ounces), which at 40% ethanol (80 proof) would be 14 grams and 410 kJ (98 kcal). At 50% alcohol, 17.5 g and 513 kJ (122.5 kcal). Wine and beer contain a similar amount of ethanol in servings of 150 and 350 mL (5 and 12 US fl oz), respectively, but these beverages also contribute to food energy intake from components other than ethanol. A 150 mL (5 US fl oz) serving of wine contains 420 to 540 kJ (100 to 130 kcal). A 350 mL (12 US fl oz) serving of beer contains 400 to 840 kJ (95 to 200 kcal). According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, based on NHANES 2013–2014 surveys, women ages 20 and up consume on average 6.8 grams of alcohol per day and men consume on average 15.5 grams per day. Ignoring the non-alcohol contribution of those beverages, the average ethanol contributions to daily food energy intake are 200 and 450 kJ (48 and 108 kcal), respectively. Alcoholic beverages are considered empty calorie foods because, while providing energy, they contribute no essential nutrients.

By definition, phytochemicals include all nutritional and non-nutritional components of edible plants. Included as nutritional constituents are provitamin A carotenoids, whereas those without nutrient status are diverse polyphenols, flavonoids, resveratrol, and lignans that are present in numerous plant foods. Some phytochemical compounds are under preliminary research for their potential effects on human diseases and health. However, the qualification for nutrient status of compounds with poorly defined properties in vivo is that they must first be defined with a Dietary Reference Intake level to enable accurate food labeling, a condition not established for most phytochemicals that are claimed to provide antioxidant benefits.

## Deficiencies and toxicity

See Vitamin, Mineral (nutrient), Protein (nutrient)

An inadequate amount of a nutrient is a deficiency. Deficiencies can be due to a number of causes including an inadequacy in nutrient intake, called a dietary deficiency, or any of several conditions that interfere with the utilization of a nutrient within an organism. Some of the conditions that can interfere with nutrient utilization include problems with nutrient absorption, substances that cause a greater than normal need for a nutrient, conditions that cause nutrient destruction, and conditions that cause greater nutrient excretion. Nutrient toxicity occurs when excess consumption of a nutrient does harm to an organism.

In the United States and Canada, recommended dietary intake levels of essential nutrients are based on the minimum level that "will maintain a defined level of nutriture in an individual", a definition somewhat different from that used by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of a "basal requirement to indicate the level of intake needed to prevent pathologically relevant and clinically detectable signs of a dietary inadequacy".

In setting human nutrient guidelines, government organizations do not necessarily agree on amounts needed to avoid deficiency or maximum amounts to avoid the risk of toxicity. For example, for vitamin C, recommended intakes range from 40 mg/day in India to 155 mg/day for the European Union. The table below shows U.S. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins and minerals, PRIs for the European Union (same concept as RDAs), followed by what three government organizations deem to be the safe upper intake. RDAs are set higher than EARs to cover people with higher than average needs. Adequate Intakes (AIs) are set when there is not sufficient information to establish EARs and RDAs. Countries establish tolerable upper intake levels, also referred to as upper limits (ULs), based on amounts that cause adverse effects. Governments are slow to revise information of this nature. For the U.S. values, with the exception of calcium and vitamin D, all of the data date from 1997 to 2004.

* The daily recommended amounts of niacin and magnesium are higher than the tolerable upper limit because, for both nutrients, the ULs identify the amounts which will not increase risk of adverse effects when the nutrients are consumed as a serving of a dietary supplement. Magnesium supplementation above the UL may cause diarrhea. Supplementation with niacin above the UL may cause flushing of the face and a sensation of body warmth. Each country or regional regulatory agency decides on a safety margin below when symptoms may occur, so the ULs may differ based on source.

EAR U.S. Estimated Average Requirements.

RDA U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances; higher for adults than for children, and may be even higher for women who are pregnant or lactating.

AI U.S. Adequate Intake; AIs established when there is not sufficient information to set EARs and RDAs.

PRI Population Reference Intake is European Union equivalent of RDA; higher for adults than for children, and may be even higher for women who are pregnant or lactating. For Thiamin and Niacin, the PRIs are expressed as amounts per megajoule (239 kilocalories) of food energy consumed.

Upper Limit Tolerable upper intake levels.

ND ULs have not been determined.

NE EARs, PRIs or AIs have not yet been established or will not be (EU does not consider chromium an essential nutrient).

## Plant

Plant nutrients consist of more than a dozen minerals absorbed through roots, plus carbon dioxide and oxygen absorbed or released through leaves. All organisms obtain all their nutrients from the surrounding environment.

Plants absorb carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and soil as carbon dioxide and water. Other nutrients are absorbed from soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants). Counting these, there are 17 important nutrients for plants: these are macronutrients; nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), oxygen(O) and hydrogen (H), and the micronutrients; iron (Fe), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are also needed in relatively large quantities. Together, the " Big Six " are the elemental macronutrients for all organisms. They are sourced from inorganic matter (for example, carbon dioxide, water, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and diatomic molecules of nitrogen and, especially, oxygen) and organic matter (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins).


Mahvash Waqar

# Mahvash Waqar

## Abstract

Mahvash Waqar is a Pakistani artist and a backup vocalist for the band Laal. She is also well-known for a stint on radio as a radio host.

## Early life

Mahvash studied Textile designing from the National College of Arts in Lahore, Pakistan. She had a keen interest in music from the beginning. So, instead of continuing her studies she decided to join what was then a very new phenomenon of FM radio stations.

## Radio jockey

She was a well known jockey of many radio stations from 2000 to 2006. She hosted numerous shows and also worked as a producer for others. The experience she gained in radio jockeying brought her in contact with an enormous variety of music and hence she earned the name, Human Encyclopedia of Music. She stressed in an interview that her main influence in music was the classic rock sound of the 1970s.

## Music career

Mahvash began her music career in early 2007 when she decided to be a part of the newly formed Laal Band along with Haider Rehman, Aamir, Asif, Salman and Jamal. The band was formed in response to the 2007 sacking of judges by then President Pervez Musharraf.

### Laal

Laal the Band was formed in late 2007, after the sacking of the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry. The band members along with the public protested against the incident and demanded the restoration of judiciary by the president. The members then joined up together to form a Musical continuation of the Progressive Writers Movement of Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Habib Jalib and Ahmed Faraz. The band's aim is to popularize the works of these socialist writers by setting their revolutionary poetry to music. The current band members include Mahvash, Taimur and Haider Rahman. Mahvash sings backup for the band.

### Discography

Mahvash has played backup vocals for Laal band's debut album, Umeed e Sahar.


Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)

# Fakhar Zaman (cricketer)

## Abstract

Fakhar Zaman (pronounced; born 10 April 1990) is a Pakistani international cricketer who plays for the Pakistan national cricket team. He scored his first ODI century against India in 2017.

He also plays for Lahore Qalandars as an opening batter in the Pakistan Super League. Zaman rose to fame after a success with his century in the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, where in the final, he was the man of the match with his innings of 114 runs off 106 balls against India.

On 20 July 2018, he became the first batsman for Pakistan to score a double century in an One Day International (ODI) match. After two days, he became the fastest batsman to score 1,000 runs in ODIs. In August 2018, he was one of thirty-three players to be awarded a central contract for the 2018–19 season by the Pakistan Cricket Board.

On 4 April 2021, while chasing against South Africa in the second ODI, Zaman scored 193 before being run out by Quinton de Kock. His 193 became the highest individual score while chasing in an ODI surpassing the 185 scored by Shane Watson against Bangladesh. Zaman also knocked out Imran Nazir's record by hitting 11 sixes against New Zealand on 4 November 2023, making Pakistan victorious.

## Early life

Fakhar was born on 10 April 1990 in Katlang in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa into a Pashtun family. The youngest among five brothers and two sisters, his father is a farmer while an elder brother is a teacher at Government High School Katlang.

He moved to Karachi at the age of 16 following matriculation.

In 2007, Zaman joined the Pakistan Navy as a sailor after receiving his schooling and training at sea from the Pakistan Navy School, Bahadur. His choice of career was persuaded by his father, who was dissuaded by Fakhar's childhood addiction to cricket and wanted his son to focus on his academics. The name Fakhar literally translates to "pride". Amongst his teammates, he is known by the nickname fauji (soldier).

In 2012, he represented the navy in the International Defence Cricket Challenge Cup in Australia and was named best player of the tournament. Later in 2020, the navy awarded him the honorary rank of Lieutenant, in recognition of his contribution to cricket.

## Domestic and franchise career

In Karachi, he continued to play cricket occasionally in inter-departmental matches, including representations for the Pakistan Navy cricket team. He was first identified by his navy coach, Azam Khan, who encouraged him to pursue professional cricket. In 2013, he left his naval career after a "tough decision" in pursuit of this dream and began appearing for regional outfits like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Abbottabad Falcons, Balochistan and several Karachi teams. He became the second-highest run scorer in the 2016 Pakistan Cup and also impressed selectors in the 2016–17 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy. He was soon noticed by Pakistan coach Mickey Arthur during a training camp in Lahore, following which he earned a call-up for the national side.

In August 2017, he was named in Durban Qalandars ' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after.

In July 2019, he was selected to play for the Rotterdam Rhinos in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament. However, the following month the tournament was cancelled.

In January 2021, he was named in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's squad for the 2020–21 Pakistan Cup.

In December 2022, he was signed by the Khulna Tigers for the 2022–23 Bangladesh Premier League.

### Pakistan Super League

Zaman was picked by the Lahore Qalandars side for the 2017 Pakistan Super League, where he was closely mentored by New Zealand player Brendon McCullum. In his first three seasons, he experienced consistent setbacks as Lahore ended at the bottom of the league table each time, failing to qualify for the knockouts. Individually, he delivered decent performances, mount up to 739 runs, including a match winning performance of 94 runs in 2018. He saw more success in the 2020 season of the PSL, ending the tournament as the second highest run scorer. His performance played a crucial role in Qalandar's journey to the finals, although they ultimately lost to Karachi Kings.

Zaman was released by Qalandars before the 2022 PSL, although he was picked up again in the drafts.

He led Qalandars to their first PSL title in 2022. He concluded the season as the highest run scorer, surpassing Babar Azam 's record for scoring the most runs and achieving the most 50 plus scores in a single season. In the same season, he also scored his first PSL century against Karachi Kings.

In the following season, he scored his second PSL century against Islamabad United on 9 March 2023. He also became the second batsman to reach 2000 runs in PSL. His contributions led Qalandars to winning the second PSL title in a row.

## International career

### International debut

In March 2017, he was named in Pakistan's limited overs squad for their matches against the West Indies. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Pakistan against the West Indies on 30 March 2017.

In April 2017, he was named in Pakistan's One Day International (ODI) squad for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. He made his ODI debut for Pakistan against South Africa in the Champions Trophy on 7 June 2017, scoring 31 runs.

In the final against India, Zaman edged to the wicket-keeper, when he was on 3, but survived as it was a no-ball. After that, Zaman went on to score his maiden ODI century and helped Pakistan post a total of 338. With that, Zaman became the first batsman for Pakistan to score a century in an ICC event final. India batting second collapsed and Pakistan won the match by 180 runs to become the winners of Champions Trophy for the first time. Zaman was adjudged man of the match for his batting performance. Zaman and Azhar Ali 's partnership in the match was 128 runs, making it the highest opening partnership in the Champions Trophy history for Pakistan, and the highest opening partnership in an ODI for Pakistan since 2009.

### 2018: England, Zimbabwe and Australia

In April 2018, he was named in Pakistan's Test squad for their tours to Ireland and England in May 2018, but he did not play.

On 8 July 2018, Fakhar scored 91 runs against Australia in the tri-series final in Harare to help Pakistan secure the title. He was named man of the final and man of the series. During his innings he also became the first Pakistani batsman to score 500 or more runs in T20Is in a calendar year.

On 20 July 2018, in the fourth ODI against Zimbabwe, he became the first batsman for Pakistan to score a double century in ODIs, finishing 210 not out. In the same match, he and Imam-ul-Haq made the then highest opening partnership in ODIs, scoring 304 runs. His innings propelled Pakistan's total to 399, which was their highest score in ODIs.

Two days later, in the fifth match of the series, Zaman became the fastest player to score 1,000 runs in ODIs. He reached the milestone in 18 innings, beating the previous record of 21 innings, held by five other batsmen. Zaman went on to score 85 runs in the match, bringing his total to 515 runs in the series, the most by a Pakistan batsman in a bilateral ODI series. Zaman and Imam had scored 705 runs together across the series, the most by a pair in a bilateral ODI series. Zaman also recorded the most runs scored by a batsman between two dismissals in ODIs, with 455.

In September 2018, he was named in Pakistan's Test squad for their series against Australia. He made his Test debut for Pakistan against Australia on 16 October 2018. He made 94 and 66 on Test debut.

### 2019: Cricket World Cup year

In April 2019, he was named in Pakistan's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. Ahead of the Cricket World Cup, in the ODI series against England, Zaman scored 138 runs in the second ODI match. This was the highest individual total for a Pakistan batsman against England in a One Day International. However, three days later, Imam-ul-Haq set a new record with 151 runs, in the third ODI of the series.

### 2020–2022

In June 2020, he was named in a 29-man squad for Pakistan's tour to England during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, on 23 June 2020, Zaman was one of seven players from Pakistan's squad to test positive for COVID-19.

On 4 April 2021, in the second ODI against South Africa, Zaman scored 193 runs. It was the highest individual score while chasing in an ODI match, surpassing 185 scored by Shane Watson against Bangladesh. Pakistan lost the ODI by 17 runs, with Fakhar's 193 being the second-highest score in an ODI defeat, behind Charles Coventry 's 194 not out. On 5 May 2021, Zaman was nominated for the ICC's Player of the Month award for April. In September 2021, he was named as one of three travelling reserve players in Pakistan's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

In the annual ICC Awards in January 2022, Fakhar Zaman was named in the ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year for the year 2021.

In the ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022, Zaman was ruled out of the event after he suffered a knee injury when playing against the Netherlands.

### 2023 Cricket World Cup

Fakhar Zaman was selected in Pakistan's squad for the 2023 Cricket World Cup. He failed to perform in the first game and was dropped from the team immediately. He returned to play against Bangladesh on 31 October, scoring match-winning 81 runs off 74 balls. He was awarded Man of the Match for his spectacular performance. On 4 November 2023, Fakhar Zaman scored 126 runs from 81 balls against New Zealand scoring the 5th fastest century in the 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup and the 10th fastest overall in ODI World Cup history. He was also awarded Player of the Match for his performance, scoring 11 sixes and 8 fours.

### T20 Series 2024

Before the arrival of world cup 2024, Pakistan played 3 series against New zealand (home), Ireland (away) and England (away). Fakhar selected for these series and led him to make his strong position in T2O World cup squad. He played two innings against New Zealand and scored 61 & 43 runs respectively, Where as against Ireland he played a brilliant innings and mark unbeatable 78 runs off 40 balls which led the team to win the first match of series. He also get a chance to play against England but unfortunately couldn't win.

### 2024 Cricket World Cup

In May 2024, he was named in Pakistan’s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.

### Fakhar Zaman also Opened Cricket Academy in Melbourne, Australia

Fakhar Zaman has made a huge professional step by opening a cricket academy in Melbourne, Australia, A large number of kids attended the academy's inauguration and actively engaged with Fakhar, taking pictures and taking part in talks.

### Fakhar Zaman launched his Brand FZ39 BEAUTY

Fakhar Zaman launched his First Men's grooming Brand FZ39 BEAUTY on 27th February, 2024 at PC Hotel Lahore. In his brand, FZ39 beauty he introduced organic and natural products for Men's Beard and also present a signature perfume named GORJ39 Perfume. Family members, Lahore qalander's teammates and friends of him attend the launching event and honored by new products.