Squeeze mapping

# Squeeze mapping

## Abstract

In linear algebra, a squeeze mapping, also called a squeeze transformation, is a type of linear map that preserves Euclidean area of regions in the Cartesian plane, but is not a rotation or shear mapping.

For a fixed positive real number a, the mapping

is the squeeze mapping with parameter a. Since

is a hyperbola, if u = ax and v = y / a, then uv = xy and the points of the image of the squeeze mapping are on the same hyperbola as (x, y) is. For this reason it is natural to think of the squeeze mapping as a hyperbolic rotation, as did Émile Borel in 1914, by analogy with circular rotations, which preserve circles.

## Logarithm and hyperbolic angle

The squeeze mapping sets the stage for development of the concept of logarithms. The problem of finding the area bounded by a hyperbola (such as xy = 1) is one of quadrature. The solution, found by Grégoire de Saint-Vincent and Alphonse Antonio de Sarasa in 1647, required the natural logarithm function, a new concept. Some insight into logarithms comes through hyperbolic sectors that are permuted by squeeze mappings while preserving their area. The area of a hyperbolic sector is taken as a measure of a hyperbolic angle associated with the sector. The hyperbolic angle concept is quite independent of the ordinary circular angle, but shares a property of invariance with it: whereas circular angle is invariant under rotation, hyperbolic angle is invariant under squeeze mapping. Both circular and hyperbolic angle generate invariant measures but with respect to different transformation groups. The hyperbolic functions, which take hyperbolic angle as argument, perform the role that circular functions play with the circular angle argument.

## Group theory

In 1688, long before abstract group theory, the squeeze mapping was described by Euclid Speidell in the terms of the day: "From a Square and an infinite company of Oblongs on a Superficies, each Equal to that square, how a curve is begotten which shall have the same properties or affections of any Hyperbola inscribed within a Right Angled Cone."

If r and s are positive real numbers, the composition of their squeeze mappings is the squeeze mapping of their product. Therefore, the collection of squeeze mappings forms a one-parameter group isomorphic to the multiplicative group of positive real numbers. An additive view of this group arises from consideration of hyperbolic sectors and their hyperbolic angles.

From the point of view of the classical groups, the group of squeeze mappings is SO (1,1), the identity component of the indefinite orthogonal group of 2×2 real matrices preserving the quadratic form u − v. This is equivalent to preserving the form xy via the change of basis

and corresponds geometrically to preserving hyperbolae. The perspective of the group of squeeze mappings as hyperbolic rotation is analogous to interpreting the group SO(2) (the connected component of the definite orthogonal group) preserving quadratic form x + y as being circular rotations.

Note that the " SO " notation corresponds to the fact that the reflections

are not allowed, though they preserve the form (in terms of x and y these are x ↦ y, y ↦ x and x ↦ − x, y ↦ − y); the additional " + " in the hyperbolic case (as compared with the circular case) is necessary to specify the identity component because the group O(1,1) has 4 connected components, while the group O(2) has 2 components: SO(1,1) has 2 components, while SO(2) only has 1. The fact that the squeeze transforms preserve area and orientation corresponds to the inclusion of subgroups SO ⊂ SL – in this case SO(1,1) ⊂ SL(2) – of the subgroup of hyperbolic rotations in the special linear group of transforms preserving area and orientation (a volume form). In the language of Möbius transformations, the squeeze transformations are the hyperbolic elements in the classification of elements.

A geometric transformation is called conformal when it preserves angles. Hyperbolic angle is defined using area under y = 1/ x. Since squeeze mappings preserve areas of transformed regions such as hyperbolic sectors, the angle measure of sectors is preserved. Thus squeeze mappings are conformal in the sense of preserving hyperbolic angle.

## Applications

Here some applications are summarized with historic references.

### Relativistic spacetime

Spacetime geometry is conventionally developed as follows: Select (0,0) for a "here and now" in a spacetime. Light radiant left and right through this central event tracks two lines in the spacetime, lines that can be used to give coordinates to events away from (0,0). Trajectories of lesser velocity track closer to the original timeline (0, t). Any such velocity can be viewed as a zero velocity under a squeeze mapping called a Lorentz boost. This insight follows from a study of split-complex number multiplications and the diagonal basis which corresponds to the pair of light lines.Formally, a squeeze preserves the hyperbolic metric expressed in the form xy; in a different coordinate system. This application in the theory of relativity was noted in 1912 by Wilson and Lewis, by Werner Greub, and by Louis Kauffman. Furthermore, the squeeze mapping form of Lorentz transformations was used by Gustav Herglotz (1909/10) while discussing Born rigidity, and was popularized by Wolfgang Rindler in his textbook on relativity, who used it in his demonstration of their characteristic property.

The term squeeze transformation was used in this context in an article connecting the Lorentz group with Jones calculus in optics.

### Corner flow

In fluid dynamics one of the fundamental motions of an incompressible flow involves bifurcation of a flow running up against an immovable wall.Representing the wall by the axis y = 0 and taking the parameter r = exp(t) where t is time, then the squeeze mapping with parameter r applied to an initial fluid state produces a flow with bifurcation left and right of the axis x = 0. The same model gives fluid convergence when time is run backward. Indeed, the area of any hyperbolic sector is invariant under squeezing.

For another approach to a flow with hyperbolic streamlines, see Potential flow § Power laws with n = 2.

In 1989 Ottino described the "linear isochoric two-dimensional flow" as

where K lies in the interval. The streamlines follow the curves

so negative K corresponds to an ellipse and positive K to a hyperbola, with the rectangular case of the squeeze mapping corresponding to K = 1.

Stocker and Hosoi described their approach to corner flow as follows:

Stocker and Hosoi then recall Moffatt's consideration of "flow in a corner between rigid boundaries, induced by an arbitrary disturbance at a large distance." According to Stocker and Hosoi,

### Bridge to transcendentals

The area-preserving property of squeeze mapping has an application in setting the foundation of the transcendental functions natural logarithm and its inverse the exponential function:

Definition: Sector(a,b) is the hyperbolic sector obtained with central rays to (a, 1/ a) and (b, 1/ b).

Lemma: If bc = ad, then there is a squeeze mapping that moves the sector(a,b) to sector(c,d).

Proof: Take parameter r = c / a so that (u,v) = (rx, y / r) takes (a, 1/ a) to (c, 1/ c) and (b, 1/ b) to (d, 1/ d).

Theorem (Gregoire de Saint-Vincent 1647) If bc = ad, then the quadrature of the hyperbola xy = 1 against the asymptote has equal areas between a and b compared to between c and d.

Proof: An argument adding and subtracting triangles of area 1 ⁄ 2, one triangle being {(0,0), (0,1), (1,1)}, shows the hyperbolic sector area is equal to the area along the asymptote. The theorem then follows from the lemma.

Theorem (Alphonse Antonio de Sarasa 1649) As area measured against the asymptote increases in arithmetic progression, the projections upon the asymptote increase in geometric sequence. Thus the areas form logarithms of the asymptote index.

For instance, for a standard position angle which runs from (1, 1) to (x, 1/ x), one may ask "When is the hyperbolic angle equal to one?" The answer is the transcendental number x = e.

A squeeze with r = e moves the unit angle to one between (e, 1/ e) and (ee, 1/ ee) which subtends a sector also of area one. The geometric progression

corresponds to the asymptotic index achieved with each sum of areas

which is a proto-typical arithmetic progression A + nd where A = 0 and d = 1.

### Lie transform

Following Pierre Ossian Bonnet 's (1867) investigations on surfaces of constant curvatures, Sophus Lie (1879) found a way to derive new pseudospherical surfaces from a known one. Such surfaces satisfy the Sine-Gordon equation:

where (s, σ) {\displaystyle (s,\sigma)} are asymptotic coordinates of two principal tangent curves and Θ {\displaystyle \Theta } their respective angle. Lie showed that if Θ = f (s, σ) {\displaystyle \Theta =f(s,\sigma)} is a solution to the Sine-Gordon equation, then the following squeeze mapping (now known as Lie transform) indicates other solutions of that equation:

Lie (1883) noticed its relation to two other transformations of pseudospherical surfaces: The Bäcklund transform (introduced by Albert Victor Bäcklund in 1883) can be seen as the combination of a Lie transform with a Bianchi transform (introduced by Luigi Bianchi in 1879.) Such transformations of pseudospherical surfaces were discussed in detail in the lectures on differential geometry by Gaston Darboux (1894), Luigi Bianchi (1894), or Luther Pfahler Eisenhart (1909).

It is known that the Lie transforms (or squeeze mappings) correspond to Lorentz boosts in terms of light-cone coordinates, as pointed out by Terng and Uhlenbeck (2000):

This can be represented as follows:

where k corresponds to the Doppler factor in Bondi k -calculus, η is the rapidity.


Chicago Sports Network

# Chicago Sports Network

## Abstract

Chicago Sports Network (CHSN) is an upcoming regional sports network owned by Standard Media, the Chicago Blackhawks, the Chicago Bulls, and the Chicago White Sox. It is expected to launch after the teams' contract with NBC Sports Chicago expires on October 1, 2024.

## History

Chicago's sports teams had originally vacated FSN Chicago in 2004 after Jerry Reinsdorf, Bill Wirtz, and the Tribune Company —the owners of the Bulls, White Sox, Blackhawks, and Cubs respectively—formed a new regional sports network with Comcast known as Comcast SportsNet Chicago (now NBC Sports Chicago). The network would be jointly owned by the four teams, while Comcast would hold a 30% stake and handle operations.

The Cubs departed the network in 2020, forming Marquee with Sinclair Broadcast Group as the exclusive broadcaster of all regional Cubs games (the games had previously been split between NBC Sports Chicago, WGN-TV, and WLS-TV). Concurrently in 2019, NBC Sports Chicago signed a five-year extension with the Blackhawks, Bulls, and White Sox, making it the exclusive home of all three teams through the end of the 2023–24 season.

In April 2024, the Chicago Sun-Times reported that the three teams were in negotiations with Stadium to assume their regional rights after the conclusion of their contract with NBC Sports Chicago. Stadium is owned by the White Sox's investment arm Silver Chalice, and had previously been a joint venture with Sinclair until they sold their stake in 2023. In May 2024, The Athletic subsequently reported an agreement with Standard Media that would involve a newly launched multi-platform regional sports network; the Sun-Times later reported that Standard Media would primarily serve as a funding and distribution partner, and that Stadium was to serve as the teams' new home.

On June 3, 2024, the three teams and Standard Media officially announced Chicago Sports Network; it will be led by former Stadium CEO Jason Coyle. Unlike most regional sports networks, Chicago Sports Network is expected to be made available via over-the-air networks and streaming services along with traditional cable providers.

On September 12, 2024, it was reported that the network was nearing its first carriage agreement with DirectTV that would have it taking over the channel number formerly occupied by NBC Sports Chicago.

On September 15, 2024, Chicago Sports Network revealed it would be avaliable over-the-air on WJYS-DT2 and WJYS-DT3 in Chicago, WSLN-DT2 and WSLN-DT3 in Rockford and WNDU-DT2 and WNDU-DT3 in South Bend. More affiliates are expected to be announced at a later date.


2012 Puerto Rican general election

# 2012 Puerto Rican general election

## Abstract

General elections were held in Puerto Rico on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the officials of the Puerto Rican government that would serve for the next four years, most notably the Governor of Puerto Rico. A status referendum was held on the same date.

The gubernatorial elections were won by then-Senator Alejandro García Padilla from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), who defeated incumbent governor Luis Fortuño from the New Progressive Party (PNP) in a close election. This election marked the second time in more than 40 years that six parties participated in the election, the first time in more than 60 years that a status referendum was held on the same day as the general election, and the first time in Puerto Rico that absentee ballots were issued for those who were out of the country on the day of the election. As of 2023, this was the most recent time a member of the Popular Democratic Party won the governorship of Puerto Rico, and the last time a Republican did so.

In the elections for Resident Commissioner, incumbent Pedro Pierluisi of the PNP (who caucused with the Democratic Party and who was first elected in 2008, narrowly won reelection for a second term. Pierluisi defeated his closest opponent, Rafael Cox Alomar of the PPD by almost 1.3%.

## Candidates

Before the election year, the constitution of Puerto Rico provides for any qualified person to present their candidacy for a specific position. If two or more candidates from the same party present their candidacy for the same position, and they can't reach an agreement within the party, a primary election is held. This election is held within the inscribed members of each party, to select which of the candidates will represent the party in the general election.

Both of the main parties, the PNP and PPD, held primaries for several positions on March 18, 2012.

### New Progressive Party (PNP)

The primaries were held on March 18, 2012, to determine several candidates for the Senate, House of Representatives, and others.

### Popular Democratic Party (PPD)

The primaries were held on March 18, 2012, to determine several candidates for the Senate, House of Representatives, and others.

### New Progressive Party

Incumbent Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Fortuño, announced his candidacy for reelection in October 2011. Former Secretary of Health, Iván González Cancel, challenged him to a primary, but the court ruled it out.

### Popular Democratic Party

Current senator Alejandro García Padilla, announced his candidacy in March 2011.

### Puerto Rican Independence Party

Former Electoral Commissioner Juan Dalmau Ramírez, announced his candidacy for the Puerto Rican Independence Party. In January 2012, he presented his campaign staff and government program.

### Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico

Rogelio Figueroa was the candidate for governor for the PPR party.

### Movimiento Unión Soberanista

The MUS had chosen Dr. Enrique Vázquez Quintana as candidate for governor. However, in August 2012, Vázquez Quintana withdrew from the candidacy. A week later, he was replaced by Attorney Arturo Hernández, who was formerly president of the Puerto Rico Bar Association. Hernández was already a candidate for the Senate of Puerto Rico.

### Working People's Party

Professor Rafael Bernabe was announced as the gubernatorial candidate for the PPT in June 2012.

### Resident Commissioner

The incumbent Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico Pedro Pierluisi, from the PNP, faced the following candidates for the position:

- Rafael Cox Alomar, Popular Democratic Party (PPD)

- Juan Mercado Nieves, Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)

- Sadiasept Guillont Juarbe, Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR)

- María de Lourdes Guzmán, Movimiento Union Soberanista (MUS)

- Félix Córdova Iturregui, Working People's Party (PPT)

### Senate

#### At-large

The ballot featured seventeen (17) candidates from six different parties and one independent candidate (bold denotes incumbent candidates)

#### District

### House of Representatives

#### At-large

The ballot featured sixteen (16) candidates from six different parties and one independent candidate (bold denotes incumbent candidates)

## Campaign

The campaign of the main opposing party, the PPD, focused mostly on the problems of crime, unemployment, and high utility costs, attributing them to the failure of the incumbent governor, Luis Fortuño, from the PNP. The PNP, on the other hand, focused mostly on the lack of experience of the PPD candidate, Alejandro García Padilla.

The minority parties have directed their campaign at the inability of the main two parties to administer the country. The Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party (PPR) attacked the alleged classism and social inequality of the current government, while the Working People's Party (PPT) advocated for a government more attuned to the working class.

### Debates

There were two official debates celebrated with all gubernatorial candidates. The first one was held on September 11, 2012, under the title of "Vota o Quédate Calla'o" ("Vote or Keep your Mouth Shut"). It was transmitted by the television network of Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez. The second debate was held on October 25, 2012, under the title of "El Gran Debate". This debate was transmitted by Telemundo and had the best TV ratings for the night with 18.7 and a 27.3% share.

## Results

### Governor

In the morning of November 7, 2012, Fortuño conceded the election to Alejandro García Padilla, just as the last votes were being counted. The margin of victory was 0.7% (or 11,049 votes) which would make it the second closest election in the island in the last 20 years. The candidates of the minority parties all received less than the required 3% to remain registered. Notably, Rogelio Figueroa (from the PPR) received only 0.4% of the vote after receiving 3% in the 2008 general elections.

### Resident commissioner

The incumbent Pedro Pierluisi from the PNP defeated the candidate from the PPD, Rafael Cox Alomar. Pierluisi managed to be reelected, despite the fact that his ballot partner, Governor Fortuño, lost against the PPD candidate. This would be the second time in the last 10 years where the governor and the resident commissioner came from different parties. The first one was after the 2004 elections where PPD candidate Aníbal Acevedo Vilá narrowly won the election, while Fortuño (PNP) was elected resident commissioner.

### Senate

The PPD won a majority of seats in the Senate of Puerto Rico, with a total of 18 out of 27. The PNP won a total of 8 seats, while the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP) won one seat. The PPD won the majority after two terms of being a minority. The election of a senator from the PIP also comes after one term with no senator seated. The PPD won six of the Puerto Rico Senatorial districts. The PNP won only two districts, despite winning all eight during the previous elections.

### House of Representatives

The PPD also won a majority of seats in the Puerto Rico House of Representatives, with a total of 28 out of 51. The PNP won a total of 23 seats. The other minority parties won no seats. Like with the Senate, the PPD won the majority after two terms of being a minority.

### Mayors

The PPD won a majority of the mayoralty races in the island, with a total of 46 out of 78 municipalities. The New Progressive Party (PNP) won a total of 31. One of the most notable races featured PPD candidate Carmen Yulín Cruz defeating incumbent Jorge Santini (PNP) for the mayoralty of the capital city of San Juan after 12 years in the seat.


Instant Mom

# Instant Mom

## Abstract

Instant Mom is an American sitcom produced for the NickMom block on the Nick Jr. Channel. It was developed by Howard Michael Gould and stars Tia Mowry as a stepmother of three children alongside her husband.

The series first aired on September 29, 2013, on both Nickelodeon 's Nick at Nite block (at 8:30 p.m.) and the NickMom block (at 10:30 p.m.). The debut was the highest-rated premiere in the history of both blocks. On November 22, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season of 20 episodes. It was renewed for a third season on September 9, 2014. Nickelodeon announced on October 21, 2015, that Instant Mom wouldn't extend beyond its third season and would end its run with the 65 episodes produced. The third season premiered first on another Viacom -owned channel, TV Land.

## Premise

Set in Philadelphia, Stephanie Phillips is a food blogger and party girl, who has to drastically tone down her lifestyle when she marries Charlie Phillips, an older man with three children. She now has to be a mother to Charlie's teenage daughter, Gabrielle, and his grade school-age sons James and Aaron. Stephanie has to quickly learn how to be a full-time stepmom with the help of her overbearing mother, Maggie, while attempting to keep her social life active.

## Episodes

## Cast and characters

- Stephanie Turner-Phillips (Tia Mowry-Hardrict) is the new step-mom and trying to be the best that she can be. She is a food blogger and a party girl.

- Charlie Phillips (Michael Boatman) is Stephanie's older husband who is a doctor and the father of three children by his first wife.

- Maggie Turner (Sheryl Lee Ralph) is Stephanie's mom who often butts into her daughter's personal life, usually with the explanation that she's trying to make the inexperienced Stephanie a better mother when there is a family crisis.

- Gabrielle "Gabby" Phillips (Sydney Park) is the eldest sibling and only daughter of Stephanie and Charlie. She is 15 years old at the start of the series and, like many other teenage girls, she is very fashion-conscious. She is also a very smart honor student. She is seen as the most unimaginably smart, pretty, popular, talented, funny and stylish person ever.

- James Phillips (Tylen Jacob Williams) is the middle sibling of Gabby and Aaron. He is known as the trickster of the family, and is frequently pulling pranks on both his siblings and parents. He doesn't admit it, but he is envious of Gabby's superiority and popularity and tries to pull pranks on her, often having them redirected at him.

- Aaron Phillips (Damarr Calhoun) is the youngest sibling of Gabby and James. He is seen as the child who acts the cutest among all the family members. When he comes to realize this, he starts trying to use it to his advantage.

## Production

On August 3, 2012, Nickelodeon announced that it had green-lit the Instant Mom pilot. Tia Mowry-Hardrict, Duane Martin, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Sydney Park, Tylen Williams, and Damarr Calhoun were cast on November 26, 2012. Michael Boatman would later replace Duane Martin. It was announced on April 3, 2013, that Instant Mom was officially picked up for a 13-episode first season to air on NickMom in late 2013. Later on August 19, 2013, Nickelodeon ordered seven additional episodes bringing the series' first season to 20 episodes. On November 22, 2013, six additional episodes were added first season. Both NickMom and Nick at Nite aired episodes on the same nights until the NickMom block closed on September 28, 2015. Filming took place at Paramount Studios in Hollywood, California. The series aired 65 episodes over three seasons, premiering on September 29, 2013, and ending on December 19, 2015. The series outlasted the NickMom programming block by three months.

## Reception

### Critical response

Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the show 4 out of 5 stars. Brian Lowry of Variety said the show mirrors Trophy Wife.


Father Panik Village

# Father Panik Village

## Abstract

Father Panik Village was the first housing project located in Bridgeport, and the first in Connecticut. Ground was broken in 1939, and it opened as Yellow Mill Village. By 1936, Father Stephen Panik, a Slovakian priest, had enlisted the support of Mayor Jasper McLevy and Gov. Wilbur L. Cross to assist with finances through the Federal Housing Authority. Bridgeport NAACP Chapter, local church congregations and private citizens rallied with Father Stephen Panik to be built the public housing project to improve the lives of Bridgeport residence. Father Stephen Panik successful secured federal finances of $6.5 million to start the first public housing in Connecticut. The Federal Government approved the 40 arches of land to initiate the construction.

The first public housing apartments was built during World War II. Father Panik Village was spread across 40 acres of land, with parking lots for the people's mules to travel to work and church. Father Panik died in 1953. In 1955 Yellow Mill Village was formally renamed in honor of Father Stephen Panik, as Father Panik Village. The main road in and out of Father Panik Village was named Martin Luther King Drive after Reverence Martin Luther King Jr.

The 40 acres of land and mule parking abutted Saints Cyril & Methodius Parish | Diocese of Bridgeport on the northwest, with Crescent Avenue which the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority contracted to have a bus arrive and leave on Crescent Avenue every fifteen minutes to ensure the residences of Father Panik Village had transportation to employment, school, shopping and healthcare appointments. The Metro North train tracks ran along the northern side of the 40 acres, filled with daily commutes. Directly south of the former Remington Arms ammunition plant where many residents of Father Panik Village were employed. The east of the development stopped at the Yellow Mill River, and the western end stopped at Pembroke Street. Hamilton Street was the southern boundary. Businesses within the local district of 40 acres of land were Singer Machine Manufacturer Co., Lace Manufacture, Carpenter Steel, Stanley Works, Bridgeport-Lycoming, Bridgeport Brass, General Electric Company, Jenkin Brothers, Skydale Department Store, hundreds of diversities restaurants, and small businesses.

Location

Since being torn down, the property was essentially split into three areas with the northeastern portion of the property becoming the Water View Park, the western half (the area south of the church) being converted into single and multi-family homes and the southeastern corner becoming Eastside Park, divided from Water View Park by the Waltersville Elementary & Middle School.

## Opening

The 1939 groundbreaking was attended by Congressman Albert E. Austin and Governor Wilbur L. Cross, both of whom gave speeches to mark the occasion. The Village opened in 1940, with 778 apartments in 47 brick buildings set on a 40 acres (16 ha) site on the east side of Bridgeport. Originally the population was 5,400 people, which would have made it the 51st largest town in the state at the time and was the 6th largest housing complex in the country.

## Life in the village

The 1940 rent prices were $17–$26 a month, was approximately 20% of an average man's pay where the family included two parents and three children. In 1987 the rent was $516, or approximately 30% of a family of three's income, that family being a single parent and two children. Progressive for 1940, the development included bathrooms inside the apartments, hot and cold running water, gas stoves, a park and community center with a library, including 600 children's books.

In 1963, a fight at a baptismal party located in Father Panik Village led to the death of Pablo Gonzales, a father of four children. His attacker, Lorenzo Cora, was charged with murder as a result.

## Decline and Demolition

The Village slowly degraded into a slum and became a centralized point for crime and drug dealing in the 1980s, averaging 4 or 5 of the yearly 150 gun homicides in the state per year. In 1986 the city of Bridgeport razed all but fifteen of the housing units, and completed the demolition in 1994. In 1987 the population of the remaining Village was 2,500 people, including 816 families. Bridgeport's Mayor Thomas W. Bucci stated at that time that "Father Panik Village was in fact one of the worst-managed housing complexes in the nation."


Jeanie Bryson

# Jeanie Bryson

## Abstract

Jeanie Bryson (born March 10, 1958) is an American singer who sings a combination of jazz, pop, and Latin music. Her repertoire is based on jazz and pop standards from the Great American Songbook, Peggy Lee and Dinah Washington.

## Life and career

Bryson is the daughter of composer Connie Bryson and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. Her paternity was kept a secret until after Gillespie's death because he was married, but she occasionally saw him growing up. In 1998 Bryson filed a lawsuit against his widow, Lorraine Willis Gillespie, after her lawyer found court records from 1965 in which Gillespie admitted he was her father. She reached a settlement with his estate.

Bryson grew up in East Brunswick, New Jersey. She began playing instruments at a young age, piano in first grade and then flute in fifth grade. Bryson attended East Brunswick High School. She studied anthropology and ethnomusicology at Livingston College, Rutgers University, graduating in 1981. That year, she performed with her father in Salem County, singing " God Bless the Child " by Billie Holiday. After college she worked in a post office during the week and sang on weekends, by the end of the 1980s she was singing full-time. Bryson released her debut album, I Love Being Here with You, on Telarc in 1993. Her mother contributed the lyrics to two songs on the album. Bryson also sang on an album by Terence Blanchard devoted to Billie Holiday songs.

Bryson has a son, Radji Birks Bryson-Barrett, from the first of her three marriages. Her husband, guitarist Coleman Mellett (married 2004) died in the February 2009 crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407. The couple lived in East Brunswick, New Jersey.


Will Brennan

# Will Brennan

## Abstract

William Daniel Brennan (born February 2, 1998) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the Kansas State Wildcats.

## Amateur career

Brennan graduated from Blue Valley High School in Overland Park, Kansas. He enrolled at Kansas State University, where he played college baseball for the Kansas State Wildcats for three seasons, from 2017 to 2019. He batted.350 with 64 hits as a freshman and was named second team All- Big 12 Conference and a Freshman All-American by the Collegiate Baseball Newspaper and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association. Following the season, Brennan played collegiate summer baseball with the Anchorage Glacier Pilots of the Alaska Baseball League. He was named first team All-Big 12 after batting.359 with 79 hits, 49 runs scored, and 19 stolen bases. During the summer of 2018, he played for the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Brennan batted.292 as a junior.

## Professional career

### Minor leagues

The Cleveland Indians selected Brennan in the eighth round of the 2019 Major League Baseball draft. After signing with the team he was initially assigned to the Arizona League Indians before being promoted to the Class A Short-Season Mahoning Valley Scrappers. After not playing in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Brennan was assigned to the High-A Lake County Captains at the beginning of the 2021 season. He was promoted to the Double-A Akron RubberDucks after batting.290 in 62 games with Lake County. Brennan began the 2022 season with Akron and was promoted to the Triple-A Columbus Clippers after hitting.304 with 39 RBIs, which was leading the Eastern League.

### Major Leagues

The Guardians selected Brennan's contract on September 21, 2022, adding him to their active roster. He made his major league debut the same day against the Chicago White Sox. Brennan hit his first major home run and triple in the same game off of Max Castillo on October 2. For the season, Brennan hit.357 with 8 RBIs and 1 home run in 42 at bats.

On May 22, 2023, Brennan accidentally hit and killed a bird with a batted ball during a game against the Chicago White Sox. The following day, he hit a home run which he dedicated to the memory of the bird. On June 9, he recorded his first walkoff hit in a 10-9 win against the Astros. Brennan has shown versatility for the Guardians, playing all three outfield positions.


Amber Beacon Tower murder

# Amber Beacon Tower murder

## Abstract

The Amber Beacon Tower murder is an unsolved case where a woman was murdered by two unknown attackers, who ambushed her and her boyfriend during the couple's romantic night out at Amber Beacon Tower in East Coast Park. During the attack, the female victim, 21-year-old Kelly Tan Ah Hong (陈亚凤 Chén Yàfèng), was stabbed in the neck by one of the men while her 22-year-old boyfriend, James Soh Fook Leong (苏福良 Sū Fúliáng), was stabbed in the back by the man's accomplice. Although Soh managed to survive with timely medical intervention, Tan died as a result of massive bleeding from her wound. Despite the extensive police investigations of this case, the murderer(s) were never identified or caught.

## Background

Born sometime in late 1968, Kelly Tan Ah Hong was the second of seven children in an affluent family. Although Tan herself was a Singaporean by birth, her father Tan Lam Lee was a Chinese Indonesian immigrant who operated a vegetable wholesale business, while her mother Ong Lye was a housewife. Tan had one elder sister, three younger sisters and two younger brothers in her family, who resided at a bungalow house in Thomson Road.

After completing her primary school education, Tan was enrolled into Yio Chu Kang Secondary School at Ang Mo Kio, where she became classmates with her future boyfriend James Soh Fook Leong, who was the only child and son of his family; his father was the owner of an electronics business. Soh was said to be a studious student and enthusiast in sports and games, and both he and Tan, who were of the same age, became prefects. Although Tan was the opposite of Soh in terms of their interests and personality, Soh nonetheless was attracted to Tan, who likewise had mutual feelings for him and they became friends since they first met.

After both Soh and Tan graduated, Soh enrolled into an electronic engineering course at Ngee Ann Polytechnic while Tan herself did not continue studying and instead, she joined her father's business and worked under him. In 1990, before Soh began his third year in polytechnic, he decided to ask Tan out, and on 13 May 1990, about a decade after they first met, Soh and Tan officially became a couple. According to Soh's parents, they never met Tan until a few days before her death, when Soh invited her to their flat. Soh's parents remembered their son telling them that Tan was his former schoolmate, but they never knew the specific nature of the couple's relationship.

## Murder of Kelly Tan

On the night of 15 May 1990, merely two days after they first became a couple, James Soh and Kelly Tan went to have a date at East Coast Park, heading to the Amber Beacon Tower in the park itself, where it was a popular spot for young couples to hang out.

When Soh and Tan were sitting on the tower's spiral staircase and chatting with each other, there were two men who walked past them and went to the upper level of the tower. Subsequently, after about fifteen minutes, the two men ambushed the couple with knives. While Tan ran away to escape one of the attackers, the other man stayed at the tower to attack Soh, who instinctively defended himself against the assailant. The violent attack led to Soh being stabbed on the back. The wound itself was so deep that it narrowly missed Soh's spinal cord, and would have been fatal if it had struck the spinal cord.

However, from a short distance away, Tan was in a more dire situation compared to Soh. She sustained a deep neck wound on the left side of her neck, after her attacker viciously used his knife to stab her below her left ear after managing to catch up with her. The knife wound caused Tan to suffer from massive bleeding. After the two men escaped the scene, Soh, who barely retained his consciousness, staggered to help his girlfriend and tried to bring her to the nearby Singa Inn Seafood Restaurant, where one of their attackers was last seen running towards it, while the other was last seen running to the bird sanctuary of the park.

Soh, who was drenched in blood, managed to reach the restaurant, and asked the employees to help his girlfriend and himself, before he fainted. The police and ambulance, as well as Soh's parents (who rushed to the scene), were contacted, and 22-year-old James Soh Fook Leong was rushed to Singapore General Hospital, where he survived with timely medical intervention. However, 21-year-old Kelly Tan Ah Hong, who was mortally wounded by her killer, was pronounced dead at the scene. Reportedly, Soh, who regained his consciousness in hospital and was in stable condition, was unaware of his girlfriend's death and kept asking his mother if she was alright. Soh was said to be devastated upon receiving news of Tan's death two days after she was killed. Soh's parents had kept the news from their son for fear it may affect his recovery progress, in accordance to the doctor's opinion. According to Soh's 47-year-old mother, whose surname was Tan, she and her husband were baffled over the horrific and senseless attack, and she knew that her son did not have any enemies since he was often a well-behaved person.

Tan's father, who was in Indonesia at the time of the killing, flown back to Singapore to attend his daughter's funeral.

## Investigations

The case of Kelly Tan Ah Hong's death was classified as murder. Under the laws of Singapore, the death penalty was the mandated sentence for any offenders found guilty of murder. In light of the violent killing of Tan, which shocked the nation at that time, members of the public, especially young people and couples, were advised by the authorities to be vigilant when going out at night.

As part of their investigations, the police also interviewed the survivor James Soh in the hospital. Despite surviving the attack, Soh was unable to recall the faces of their attackers, and could not hear their voices, since the two men never spoke a word during the attack. However, the police were able to gain a description that the men were dark-looking and out of these two men, the person who attacked Soh had short hair and was about 173 cm tall. The second male assailant who went after Tan was about 167 cm and had curly black hair. While the assailants were speculated to be drug addicts, they were also speculated to be foreigners since Soh remembered hearing the two killers speaking a foreign language while they were escaping from the tower. Although both Tan and Soh did not lost anything, robbery was theorized as a possible motive of the crime, and this theory was corroborated by the previous reports of people being robbed at the area itself and several other areas in East Coast Park during nights or late evenings. The police also did not rule out the possibility of a revenge killing, but both Soh and Tan were known to be good-mannered people who never had any grudges or feuds with other people. Still, due to lack of clues in this case, the police were unable to make a breakthrough in their investigations. The murder weapons were also never recovered.

In April 1992, two years after the incident, a coroner's court held an inquiry hearing of Kelly Tan's death and issued a verdict of murder by a person or persons unknown. Professor Chao Tzee Cheng, the senior forensic pathologist, certified that due to the assailant having stabbed Tan in the neck, the knife had cut through a blood artery on the neck, which resulted in Tan losing an excessively huge amount of blood and she died as a result. James Soh, who by then had begun to serve his National Service after completing his diploma, came to court to testify during the coroner's inquiry. After the coroner's verdict was meted out, Tan's bereaved family put up a reward of S$30,000 for any information leading up to the arrest of Tan's murderer(s). According to Tan's 28-year-old cousin Anthony Tan, who was also the manager of her father's company, the reward would be entrusted to the police and be indefinitely in effect up until the arrest of Tan's killer(s).

In June 1992, Singaporean crime show Crimewatch re-enacted the Amber Beacon Tower murder and inside the episode, both the police and Tan's family, including Tan's 42-year-old mother Ong Lye and 26-year-old older sister Tan Kwee Mui appealed for information from members of the public to assist in their investigations of the case. Tan's mother and sisters were reportedly still haunted by nightmares and sadness about the case, due to the uncertainty of when the case itself would be solved. Flyers were also published on newspapers to seek the public's help to solve the murder.

Despite the police's efforts to investigate Tan's murder, the Amber Beacon Tower murder case remains unsolved as of today, and the police were unable to uncover the identities of the killer(s). However, the police investigations remained open in this case because all criminal cases in Singapore, including murder, did not carry the statute of limitations and the police would regularly review these outstanding cases from time to time to yield any new clues to solve these cases.

## Aftermath

The murder of Kelly Tan Ah Hong remains as one of Singapore's infamous cases of unsolved murders, which also included the 1979 Geylang Bahru family murders, the 1985 Winnifred Teo murder case, the 1984 curry murder and several others.

After surviving the attack, Tan's former boyfriend James Soh Fook Leong would eventually work in sales after completing his education. He was later married with another woman and together, they had a son, who was reportedly 16 years old when his father was interviewed in 2015.

In July 2015, 25 years after his former girlfriend's murder, James Soh, then 47 years old, was approached for an interview, and he agreed to talk about his ordeal. Soh, who remained haunted with trauma over the attack, stated that even after many years, he was unable to understand why he and Tan were attacked, and he still could not recall the faces of their assailants. He also developed a fear of footstep sounds coming from behind him and avoided secluded places at all times. Soh stated that he regretted not knowing Tan better before she died, and he still tried to move on from the incident, something which he finally told his son in 2014. Soh added that due to the attack, he often remind his son to not go to secluded places and be vigilant at all times. Soh also held on to the hope that the killer(s) of Tan would be brought to justice, and asked that anyone with information about the killing can step forward to help crack the case.

The Amber Beacon Tower, where Kelly Tan was murdered, was rumoured to be haunted ever since her death, and there were reported sightings of a ghostly figure, described as the restless soul of Tan, roaming around the area at night, due to her unjust death and her murderer(s) not being arrested or punished. Wailing sounds and some fresh bloodstains at the tower were also included among the witness accounts regarding the tower's haunted presence. Lee Teng, a Taiwanese television host based in Singapore, revealed that when he and his friends camped nearby the tower at East Coast Park back in secondary school, his Buddha penchant mysteriously disappeared the next morning after the night camping trip, and Lee also claimed that inside one of the photographs taken by his friend at the tower that night itself, a shadowy figure was seen "hovering near another friend's head."


Sarah Sherman

# Sarah Sherman

## Abstract

Sarah Sherman (born March 7, 1993), also known professionally as Sarah Squirm, is an American comedian, actress, and screenwriter. Sherman is known for using surreal and body horror comedy. She became a featured player on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live starting with its 47th season in October 2021, and was promoted to Repertory Status in October 2023.

## Early life

Sherman was born and raised on Long Island, New York, in a Jewish family.

She graduated from Great Neck South High School in 2011, and Northwestern University in 2015 with a degree in theater.

## Career

Sherman developed an interest in stand-up comedy after she did not make the improv team at Northwestern. After graduating, she decided to stay in Chicago, befriending comedians like Megan Stalter, and had a monthly show called Helltrap Nightmare along with Luke Taylor, David Brown, Wyatt Fair, and Scott Egleston.

Sherman began performing under her stage name "Sarah Squirm", which was inspired by a high school nickname. She was also getting booked as a comedian alongside noise musicians as she had friends that ran a record label.

In 2018, she made her television debut in an Adult Swim infomercial titled "Flayaway".

In 2019, Sherman opened for fellow comedian Eric André on his Legalize Everything tour. She was also a writer for The Eric Andre Show, Three Busy Debras, and Magic for Humans.

Sherman was asked to audition for the long-running NBC sketch-comedy show Saturday Night Live after doing a stand-up set at the Just for Laughs festival. She had previously been asked to perform some showcases for SNL producers and attempted some character-based work which, according to her, "fucking sucked." She initially auditioned for Saturday Night Live in 2016, as part of a showcase at the iO_Theater in Chicago that also featured Alex Moffat, who would be hired as part of the cast that year. She was subsequently cast as a featured player for its 47th season, alongside fellow newcomers James Austin Johnson and Aristotle Athari. Before being hired by SNL, she had trouble finding employment because her gross-out videos turned hiring managers off.

Sherman has been praised by critics for adapting her unusual and surreal comedy style to SNL without losing its impact. Luka Katic of Collider wrote, "Sherman certainly isn't the first unconventional comedian to be featured on SNL (i.e. Tim Robinson, Kyle Mooney, etc.). However, what makes her remarkable is her success in spite of that fact. Where actors like Robinson often felt they had to tone down their material for SNL, Sherman finds inventive alternative ways to channel her deranged sensibilities into the show." Jesse Hassenger of Vulture listed Sherman's "Meatballs" sketch from the Oscar Isaac / Charli XCX episode as one of the best of the season, writing, "In a crowded season, it was especially refreshing to come upon a sketch that feels like such a clear expression of its star's sensibilities."

In 2022, Sherman was credited as a screenwriter for the reality comedy film sequel Jackass Forever.

Sherman starred in the Adam Sandler comedy film You Are So Not Invited to My Bat Mitzvah, with Idina Menzel, Luis Guzmán, and Ido Mosseri, and is cast as a character in downloadable content for the video game High on Life. She was also cast as "Coriander Cadaverish" in the animated film Nimona.

In 2023, Sherman was promoted to a repertory player on SNL.

Since October 2023, Sherman has hosted the NTS Radio show FREAKRADIO EMERGENCY HOTLINE. Among the artists she has played on the program are Macula Dog, Doug Lussenhop, Johnny Pemberton, Clownvis Presley, Negativland, and The Residents.

On September 5, 2024, Sherman began her guest starring role as dialect coach Robin Finch for Lois Cerillo played by Rena Sofer on the Daytime soap opera General Hospital.

## Influences

Sherman has said her comedic influences include television shows such as Seinfeld, The Nanny, The Golden Girls, Pee-wee's Playhouse, and The Ren & Stimpy Show. She has cited Norm Macdonald as an influence on her SNL work: "He was a little troublemaker. I relate to him because he was never not himself." When she started performing stand-up comedy, she took influences from comedians such as Todd Barry, Maria Bamford, and Kristen Schaal.

## Political views

Sherman supported Bernie Sanders in the 2020 United States presidential election. She is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America.


Nolan Siegel

# Nolan Siegel

## Abstract

Nolan Siegel (born November 8, 2004) is an American racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the IndyCar Series with Arrow McLaren. In 2024, Siegel won the 24 Hours of Le Mans LMP2 class on his first attempt, with United Autosports. Siegel previously competed in the U.S. F2000 National Championship with DEForce Racing and Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports.

## Early career

### Formula 4 United States Championship

Siegel would join the final round of the 2019 Formula 4 United States Championship held at Circuit of the Americas driving for Jay Howard Driver Development. He finished in the top-10 in both races.

Siegel would return to the championship for the first two rounds of the 2020 season once again driving for Jay Howard Driver Development. He would have a best finish of sixth in his final race.

### USF2000 Championship

On February 13, 2019, it was announced Siegel would compete full-time in the 2019 U.S. F2000 National Championship for Newman Wachs Racing. He would finish 15th in the championship.

Siegel returned to the championship in 2020 and switched teams to drive for Jay Howard Driver Development. He took two podiums at Mid-Ohio and finished 13th in the standings.

In January 2021, it was announced Siegel would return for a third season in 2021 driving for DEForce Racing. He would get his first win in the third race held at New Jersey Motorsports Park. He would finish the season 8th in the standings.

### Indy Pro 2000

During 2021, Siegel would make his Indy Pro 2000 debut at Gateway Motorsports Park driving for DEForce Racing. He would impress by finishing 5th.

DEForce Racing announced Siegel would move up to the series full-time in 2022. At the first round held at St. Petersburg, he would take his maiden win by beating competitor Louis Foster on a late restart. Siegel would dominate the second race held at Barber Motorsports Park starting from pole and leading the race from start to finish. Ultimately, he would end up finishing 4th in the championship due to inconsistency during the middle and latter stages of the season.

### Indy NXT

On September 8, 2022, it was announced Siegel would make his Indy Lights debut at final round held at Laguna Seca driving for HMD Motorsports with Dale Coyne Racing.

Siegel announced in October 2022 he would make the jump up to Indy NXT full-time for 2023, remaining at HMD Motorsports with Dale Coyne Racing. He would finish the season third in points, having won two races and scored a total of five podiums. With this, he also became the season's top rookie.

For the 2024 season, Siegel and HMD reunited for a title assault. At the opening round in St. Petersburg, the Californian scored pole and started out his season with a lights-to-flag victory.

## Sportscar racing career

In 2023, the American took part in the LMP2 class of the Asian Le Mans Series, driving for Inter Europol Competition. Partnering Charles Crews and Christian Bogle, Siegel managed to impress, leading his team to victory at Dubai by passing Charlie Eastwood in the final stint, though two retirements in the four-round season meant a lowly fifth place in the standings. He competed in various other sportscar races throughout the year, notably winning two LMP2 class races in the IMSA SportsCar Championship.

For 2024, Siegel would make his debut at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, pairing up with Oliver Jarvis and Bijoy Garg at United Autosports.

## IndyCar

### Part-time commitments (2024)

On March 5, 2024, it was announced Siegel would compete part-time in the No. 18 Honda entry for Dale Coyne Racing, sharing his seat with Jack Harvey. Siegel would partake in the four events which do not clash with his Indy NXT commitments, including the Indianapolis 500.

On June 7, 2024, it was announced that Siegel would substitute for Agustín Canapino at the upcoming race at Road America following abuse on social media directed at Théo Pourchaire after the two made contact during the Detroit Grand Prix a week prior, with Canapino having taken a "leave of absence".

### Arrow McLaren (2024–)

On June 18, 2024, it was announced that Pourchaire had been dropped by the Arrow McLaren team, with the team signing Siegel in his place. Siegel made his debut with the team at the Monterey Grand Prix, where he struggled throughout the weekend, running in 26th at one point after spinning into the gravel; he took advantage of numerous driver errors to finish in twelfth.

## Racing record

### Career summary

* Season still in progress.

### Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Season still in progress.

### Complete Asian Le Mans Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

### American open-wheel racing results

#### U.S. F2000 National Championship

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (Races with * indicate most race laps led)

#### Indy Pro 2000 Championship

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (Races with * indicate most race laps led)

#### Indy NXT

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (Races with indicate a race lap led) (Races with * indicate most race laps led)

#### IndyCar Series

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

* Season still in progress.


Fiondella Field

# Fiondella Field

## Abstract

Fiondella Field is a baseball venue located on the campus of the University of Hartford in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. It is home to the Hartford Hawks baseball team, a member of the NCAA Division III Commonwealth Coast Conference. The stadium hosted its first game on March 29, 2006. It holds a capacity of 1,000 spectators and includes dugouts, batting cages, and a modern scoreboard over the left field fence.

## History

Prior to the field's construction, Hartford's baseball program played at several venues in central Connecticut following its move off campus in the mid-1980s. These venues included New Britain 's Beehive Field, Bristol 's Muzzy Field, East Hartford 's Ray McKenna Field, and Simsbury 's Memorial Field.

Ground was broken on the venue in April 2005. The venue opened on March 29, 2006, and Hartford's first game there was against Massachusetts. Hartford won the game, 6–2.

### Renaming

Through the 2009 season, the field was known as the Hartford Baseball Field. In a ceremony on October 4, 2009, the venue was renamed Fiondella Field, in honor of the Fiondella family, primarily businessman Robert Fiondella, because of his involvement in the Hartford community.

### High school baseball

The West Hartford amateur baseball association sponsors the annual mayor's cup baseball game at Fiondella Field. It is the final game of season between rivals Conard High School and Hall High School.


James McRae (disambiguation)

# James McRae (disambiguation)

## Abstract

James McRae or MacRae may refer to:

- James McRae (rower) (born 1987), Australian rower

- James McRae (United States Army officer) (1862–1940), U.S. general

- James W. McRae (1910–1960), American engineer

- James Macrae (botanist) (died 1830), Scottish botanist

- James C. MacRae (1838–1909), justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court

- Jimmy McRae (born 1943), British rally driver

- Jim MacRae (American football) (1878–1957), American football player and mayor

- Jim MacRae (Canadian football) (1926–?), Canadian football player and lawyer


2024 in Gabon

# 2024 in Gabon

## Abstract

Events in the year 2024 in Gabon.

## Incumbents

- President: Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema

- Prime Minister: Raymond Ndong Sima

## Events

- 23 August – Gabon reports its first case of mpox.

## Holidays

Source:

- 1 January – New Year's Day

- 1 April – Easter Monday

- 10 April – Eid al-Fitr

- 17 April – Women's Day

- 1 May – Labour Day

- 9 May - Ascension Day

- 20 May - Whit Monday

- 17 June – Eid al-Adha

- 15 August - Assumption Day

- 16–17 August – Independence Day

- 1 November – All Saints Day

- 25 December – Christmas Day


Soile Ojala

# Soile Ojala

## Abstract

Soile Ojala (born 5 November 1963) is a retired Finnish footballer who played for Hammarby IF and the Finnish women's national team. She represented Finland 59 times.

Since retiring Ojala has worked in the financial sector for Sonera.


Hitler (name)

# Hitler (name)

## Abstract

Hitler is a German surname. It is strongly associated with the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. After World War II, many people born with the surname legally changed their surname. Adolf's family used several varieties of the surname. The spelling 'Hitler' was relatively new.

As of 2014, Peru was, with around 2349 people, the country with the most citizens named Hitler.

## Relatives of Adolf Hitler

- Eva Braun (1912–1945), or Eva Hitler, wife of Adolf Hitler (marriage April 1945)

- Alois Hitler (1837–1903), father

- Alois Hitler Jr. (1889-1945), half-brother

- Angela Hitler (1883–1949), half-sister

- Bridget Dowling or Bridget Hitler (1891–1969), sister-in-law

- Klara Hitler (1860–1907), mother

- Paula Hitler (1896–1960), sister

- William Stuart-Houston, born William Patrick Hitler (1911–1987), nephew

- Heinz Hitler (1920–1942), nephew

## Other people

- Adolf Lu Hitler Marak, Indian politician for the Nationalist Congress Party

- Adolf Hitler Uunona, Namibian politician and councillor of Ompundja Constituency

- Hitler Alba, Peruvian politician and mayor of Yungar District

- Hitler Nababan, Indonesian politician from the Democratic Party

- Hitler Saavedra, Peruvian congressman

- Chenjerai "Hitler" Hunzvi, Zimbabwean nationalist leader

- Bing Hitler, early stage name of Scottish comedian Craig Ferguson

- E. Hitler, early stage name of Swedish artist Eddie Meduza

- Elvis Hitler, stage name of musician Jim Leedy, lead singer of the band Elvis Hitler

- Heath Hitler, formerly Isidore Heath Campbell, a white supremacist known for naming his son Adolf Hitler Campbell

- Semyon Hitler, Soviet Red Army man of Jewish descent, World War II participant, awarded the Medal "For Courage"

## Fictional characters

- Gay Hitler, a character on Saturday Night Live

- Edward Elizabeth Hitler, a character in the TV series Bottom

- Vic Hitler, a character in Season 3 of Hill Street Blues

- Bradley Hitler-Smith, a side character in the TV series BoJack Horseman

- Douglas Hitler, a minor character in Season 1 of Happy Endings

- Elle Hitler, a character on Family Guy

- Peter Hitler, a character on Family Guy


Fiducial marker

# Fiducial marker

## Abstract

A fiducial marker or fiducial is an object placed in the field of view of an image for use as a point of reference or a measure. It may be either something placed into or on the imaging subject, or a mark or set of marks in the reticle of an optical instrument.

## Applications

### Microscopy

In high-resolution optical microscopy, fiducials can be used to actively stabilize the field of view. Stabilization to better than 0.1 nm is achievable.

### Physics

In physics, 3D computer graphics, and photography, fiducials are reference points: fixed points or lines within a scene to which other objects can be related or against which objects can be measured. Cameras outfitted with Réseau plates produce these reference marks (also called Réseau crosses) and are commonly used by NASA. Such marks are closely related to the timing marks used in optical mark recognition.

### Geographical survey

Airborne geophysical surveys also use the term "fiducial" as a sequential reference number in the measurement of various geophysical instruments during a survey flight. This application of the term evolved from air photo frame numbers that were originally used to locate geophysical survey lines in the early days of airborne geophysical surveying. This method of positioning has since been replaced by GPS, but the term "fiducial" continues to be used as the time reference for data measured during flights.

### Augmented reality

In applications of augmented reality, fiducials help resolve several problems of integration between the real world view and the synthetic images that augment it. Fiducials of known pattern and size can serve as real world anchors of location, orientation and scale. They can establish the identity of the scene or objects within the scene. For example, a fiducial printed on one page of an augmented reality popup book would identify the page to allow the system to select the augmentation content. It would also serve to moor the coordinates of the augmented content to the three dimensional location, orientation and scale of the open book, helping to create a stable and accurate fusion of real and synthetic imagery.

A slightly more complex example would be multiple fiducials, each attached to an individual piece in an augmented reality board game.

### Metrology

The appearance of markers in images may act as a reference for image scaling, or may allow the image and physical object, or multiple independent images, to be correlated. By placing fiducial markers at known locations in a subject, the relative scale in the produced image may be determined by comparison of the locations of the markers in the image and subject. In applications such as photogrammetry, the fiducial marks of a surveying camera may be set so that they define the principal point, in a process called " collimation ". This would be a creative use of how the term collimation is conventionally understood.

### Fiducial marker sets

Some barcode readers can estimate the translation, orientation, and vertical depth of a known-size barcode relative to the barcode reader.

Some sets of fiducial markers are specifically designed to allow rapid, low-latency detection of 6D position estimation (3D location and 3D orientation) and identity of hundreds of unique fiducial markers. For example, the ArUco markers, the WhyCon marker, WhyCode markers, "amoeba" reacTIVision fiducials, the d-touch fiducials, or the TRIP circular barcode tags (ringcodes).

### Medical imaging

Fiducial markers are used in a wide range of medical imaging applications. Images of the same subject produced with two different imaging systems may be correlated by placing a fiducial marker in the area imaged by both systems. In this case, a marker which is visible in the images produced by both imaging modalities must be used. By this method, functional information from SPECT or positron emission tomography can be related to anatomical information provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Similarly, fiducial points established during MRI can be correlated with brain images generated by magnetoencephalography to localize the source of brain activity. Such fiducial points or markers are often created in tomographic images such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography images using devices such as the N-localizer and Sturm-Pastyr localizer.

### Electrocardiography

In electrocardiography (ECG), fiducial points are landmarks on the ECG complex such as the isoelectric line (PQ junction), and onset of individual waves such as PQRST.

### Cell biology

In processes that involve following a labelled molecule as it is incorporated in some larger polymer, such markers can be used to follow the dynamics of growth/shrinkage of the polymer, as well as its movement. Commonly used fiducial markers are fluorescently labelled monomers of bio-polymers. The task of measuring and quantifying what happens to these is borrowed from methods in physics and computational imaging like speckle imaging.

### Social insect tracking

Automated behavioural tracking systems are used to study the organisation of social insect colonies, and the behaviour of individual colony members. These systems combine fiducial markers and machine vision to output the location and orientation of colony members multiple times per second and have, among other insights, revealed the social network structure of ant Camponotus fellah.

### Radio therapy

In radiotherapy and radiosurgical systems, fiducial points are landmarks in the tumour to facilitate correct targets for treatment. In neuronavigation, a "fiducial spatial coordinate system" is used as a reference, for use in neurosurgery, to describe the position of specific structures within the head or elsewhere in the body. Such fiducial points or landmarks are often created in magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images by using the N-localizer or Sturm-Pastyr localizer.

### Printed circuit boards

In printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, fiducial marks, also known as circuit pattern recognition marks, allow SMT placement equipment to accurately locate and place parts on boards. These devices locate the circuit pattern by providing common measurable points. They are usually made by leaving a circular area of the board bare from solder-mask coating. Inside this area is a circle exposing the copper plating beneath. This center metallic disc can be solder-coated, gold-plated or otherwise treated, although bare copper is most common if not a current-carrying contact. Alternatively, it is possible to use clear solder-mask lacquer to cover the fiducials. In order to minimize rounding errors it was good practice to place fiducials in the same grid (or some multiple of it) that was used to place the parts, however, this isn't always possible on high-density boards nor is it a requirement any more with modern high-precision machines.

Most placement machines are fed boards for assembly by a rail conveyor, with the board being clamped down in the assembly area of the machine. Each board will clamp slightly differently than the others, and the variance—which will generally be only tenths of a millimeter—is sufficient to ruin a board without proper calibration. Consequently, a typical PCB will have multiple fiducials to allow placement robots to precisely determine the board's orientation. By measuring the location of the fiducials relative to the board plan stored in the machine's memory, the machine can reliably compute the degree to which parts must be moved relative to the plan, called offset, to ensure accurate placement.

Using three fiducials enables the machine to determine PCB offset in both the X and Y axes, as well as to determine if the board has rotated during clamping, allowing the machine to rotate parts to be placed to match. Such fiducials are also called global fiducials.Global fiducials are also used in conjunction with stencil printing. Without them the printer would not print the solder paste in exact alignment with the pads. Parts requiring a very high degree of placement precision, such as ball grid array packages, may have additional local fiducials near the package placement area of the board to further fine-tune the targeting. Local fiducial, however, cannot be used in the stencil printing process.

Conversely, low end, low-precision boards may only have two fiducials, or use fiducials applied as part of the screen printing process applied to most circuit boards. Some very low-end boards may use the plated mounting screw holes as fiducials, although this yields very low accuracy.

For prototyping and small batch production runs, the use of a fiducial camera can greatly improve the process of board fabrication. By automatically locating fiducial markers, the camera automates board alignment. This helps with front to back and multilayer applications, eliminating the need for set pins.

### Printing

In color printing, fiducials—also called " registration black "—are used at the edge of the cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) printing plates so that they can be correctly aligned with each other.

## "Banana for scale"

"Banana for scale" refers to an Internet meme involving using a banana as a fiducial marker. The meme began in August 2010, where a man posted to Facebook a picture of a safe with a banana beside it. From there, the meme spread primarily via Reddit; The Daily Dot remarked that " had become a hilarious game with redditors try to one up each other. It's a trend in the same vein as planking."


Jhonkensy Noel

# Jhonkensy Noel

## Abstract

Jhonkensy Albert Noel (born July 15, 2001), nicknamed " Big Christmas," is a Dominican professional baseball first baseman and outfielder for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2024.

## Career

Noel signed with the Cleveland Indians organization as an international free agent on July 15, 2017. He made his professional debut in 2018 with the Dominican Summer League Indians, batting.243 with ten home runs and 34 runs batted in (RBIs) over 64 games. In 2019, he played for the Arizona League Indians where he hit.287 with six home runs and 42 RBIs over 47 games. He did not play a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season. Noel split the 2021 season between the Arizona League, the Lynchburg Hillcats, and the Lake County Captains, slashing.340/.390/.615 with 19 home runs and 66 RBIs over 70 games.

The newly named Cleveland Guardians added Noel to their 40-man roster on November 19, 2021, protecting him from the Rule 5 draft. He split the 2022 campaign between Lake County, the Double–A Akron RubberDucks, and the Triple–A Columbus Clippers, hitting a combined.229/.310/.489 with 32 home runs and 84 RBIs. Noel was optioned to Triple-A Columbus to begin the 2023 season. He spent the entirety of the season with the Clippers, batting.220/.303/.420 with 27 home runs and 85 RBIs.

On March 12, 2024, Noel was cut from major league spring training camp and optioned to Triple–A Columbus to start the year. He made his major league debut on June 26 against the Baltimore Orioles, recording a home run in his first major league at bat.


2012 in Gabon

# 2012 in Gabon

## Abstract

Events in the year 2012 in Gabon.

## Incumbents

- President: Ali Bongo Ondimba

- Prime Minister: Paul Biyoghé Mba (until 27 February), Raymond Ndong Sima (from 27 February)

## Events

- 12 February – The 2012 Africa Cup of Nations final was played at the Stade d'Angondjé in Libreville.


Carlos Alazraqui

# Carlos Alazraqui

## Abstract

Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American actor and comedian. His extensive voice-over work includes the original voice of Spyro from Spyro the Dragon; Shameless O'Scanty, Leslie P. Lilylegs, Elliott Sampson and Tad Tucker on New Looney Tunes; the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials; Denzel Crocker, Juandissimo Magnifico, and Sheldon Dinkleberg on The Fairly OddParents; Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life; Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants; Lazlo, Clam, and other characters on Camp Lazlo; Rikochet in ¡Mucha Lucha!; Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera; Carlos Casagrande, Sergio, Vito, and other characters in the franchise of The Loud House; Mr. Weed in Family Guy; and the Disney character Panchito Pistoles since 2001. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show. In live-action, Alazraqui is known for playing Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911!.

## Early life

Alazraqui was born Carlos Jaime Alazraqui in Yonkers, New York on July 20, 1962 to Argentine parents. He has Sephardic Jewish heritage from his father. His mother was a Methodist priest. He moved with his family to Concord, California, at an early age. Alazraqui graduated from Concord High School. He attended college at California State University, Sacramento from 1982 to 1986, where he began competing in open mic contests. After winning in his fourth year, Alazraqui took his prize money and moved to Los Angeles.

## Career

### Stand-up comedy

Originally, Alazraqui began his career in stand-up comedy. He was the winner of the San Francisco Comedy Competition in 1993, beating out fellow comedians Marc Maron and Patton Oswalt.

In addition, Alazraqui joined Miller's Sexy Liberal Comedy Tour in 2014, playing some of the dates with Ward and he has a semi-regular segment on Miller's radio show Coffee with Carlos.

### Film and television

Alazraqui is known for his live-action work in Reno 911!, in which he portrayed Deputy James Garcia for five seasons (2003–2008). He played the same role in the series' 2007 spin-off film Reno 911! Miami. As a nod to this role, he also played a "bumbling" Reno cop in the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode " Let it Bleed." He has been a celebrity on the Tom Bergeron version of Hollywood Squares.

Alazraqui also wrote and starred in The Last White Dishwasher, a short film.

In 2020, he reprised his role as Deputy James Oswaldo Garcia in the seventh season of Reno 911! which aired on Quibi. He also appeared in the 2021 Paramount+ movie, Reno 911! The Hunt for QAnon. The eighth season of the series, now titled Reno 911! Defunded, premiered on The Roku Channel in February 2022.

He reprised his role as Denzel Crocker in The Fairly OddParents: Fairly Odder, a live-action sequel to The Fairly OddParents, which premiered on Paramount+ in March 2022.

### Voice acting

Alazraqui has performed several voices for Nickelodeon cartoons, including Rocko on Rocko's Modern Life, as well as Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Winslow T. Oddfellow and Lube on CatDog, and Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants. He also voiced several additional voices for the Cartoon Network shows, Cow and Chicken, Kidscity: The Village Dome of Kids, and I Am Weasel during their runs in the mid-late 1990s. He also voiced Spyro in Spyro the Dragon. He was later replaced by Tom Kenny as Spyro in Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!, Spyro: Year of the Dragon, and Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly. In 1997, he voiced Crash Bandicoot in promotional trailers for the game Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, also switching out live performances as him with Tom Kenny at E3 1997. He also voiced the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Rikochet in the first two seasons of ¡Mucha Lucha! and Mr. Weed (the head of the "Happy Go Lucky" toy factory) on Family Guy. It is mentioned in the DVD commentary track that Alazraqui was reluctant to leave Family Guy. In particular, Seth MacFarlane suggests that the death of Alazraqui's character took the actor by surprise. He also voiced Dr. Julius No in GoldenEye: Rogue Agent.

In 2005, he added the voices for two Cartoon Network series: The Life and Times of Juniper Lee where he played Monroe, a guardian dog with a Scottish accent and three characters in Camp Lazlo: Lazlo, Clam and Chef McMuesli. In 2006, he added Salty Mike from Squirrel Boy and Walden in Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! on Nick Jr. to his credits. He played Wisk in Glen Hill's 2000 film version of L. Frank Baum 's The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus. He also provided the voice of Nestor in the Happy Feet films. He has also voiced the Hanna-Barbera characters Baba Looey, Mudsy the Funky Phantom, and Loopy De Loop in modern appearances.

Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, a storyboard writer for Rocko's Modern Life, described Alazraqui's normal voice as bearing "no accent at all". Marsh describes Alazraqui's "Scottish accent" as "one of the best" and that he performs his other accents as "all very well". According to Marsh, Alazraqui uses various accents in his comedy routines. He had worked for the Disney Channel on Handy Manny, where he provided the voice for Felipe, the bilingual Phillips-head screwdriver and for Abuelito, Manny's grandfather. He was the original "voice guy" on the Stephanie Miller Show, later being replaced by Jim Ward, who had previously substituted for him. In January 2008, Alazraqui returned to fill in briefly while Ward recovered from surgery. In 2014, he voiced Mesmo and Torts in Mixels. He voices Tio Tortuga in Sheriff Callie's Wild West.

In 2023, Alazraqui joined the cast of The Case of the Greater Gatsby, a noir parody podcast produced by Shipwrecked Comedy, playing a singing cowboy actor in 1940s Hollywood. The show also features his Fairly Odder co-stars Lesli Margherita and Mary Kate Wiles (Wiles is also a producer). The show premiered on July 26, 2023.

### Web

In 2009, he collaborated with Ted Nicolaou on the web series The Club, which was released in November 2010. The series features Jill-Michele Meleán, Debra Wilson, Johnny A. Sanchez, Lori Alan, and Daran Norris.

In 2013, Alazraqui starred as a drug dealer in one episode of the Melinda Hill web series Romantic Encounters.

## Personal life

Alazraqui resides in Los Angeles, California with his wife and two daughters. One daughter Rylee is a voice actor as well. Rylee is the voice of Rohk-Tahk in the Paramount+ series Star Trek: Prodigy.

## Awards and nominations

- 2012 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2015 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2016 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2017 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show: Ponce de León - Won

- 2022 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie - Reno 911!: The Hunt for QAnon - Nominated


Let's Wait Awhile

# Let's Wait Awhile

## Abstract

" Let's Wait Awhile " is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album Control (1986). It was released on January 6, 1987 on A&M Records as the album's fifth single. The song was written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, with Melanie Andrews serving as co-writer. It is also the first song Jackson co-produced. "Let's Wait Awhile" was inspired by intimate moments and conversations Andrews had with her first love and boyfriend. Just young teenagers at the time, the couple decided through those conversations to postpone sexual intimacy within their relationship until the time was right.

The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the track's sweetness and Jackson's tender delivery. It was also praised for its meaningful message, considered to be a teaching tool to encourage sexual abstinence amidst the AIDS crisis at the time. In the United States, "Let's Wait Awhile" peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts, while topping the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Internationally, it reached number three in the United Kingdom, where she made her debut on the BBC 's Top of the Pops on March 26, 1987, and number four in Ireland, in addition to charting within the top 40 in several other countries. It has been included on two of Jackson's greatest hits albums, Design of a Decade: 1986–1996 (1995) and Number Ones (2009).

A music video for "Let's Wait Awhile," directed by Dominic Sena, co-stars martial artist and actor Taimak, and tells the story of a couple in love. Jackson has performed the song live on all of her tours, beginning with the Rhythm Nation World Tour 1990 through the Unbreakable World Tour (2015–16), receiving praise for her vocal performance. The song has been covered and sampled in numerous songs throughout the years.

## Background and recording

While writing for her upcoming breakthrough album Control, Jackson's manager John McClain introduced to her the production duo Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis to work and produce with her the majority of the album. "Let's Wait Awhile" was one of the tracks they penned together, along with Melanie Andrews. Jackson, Jam and Lewis also produced the track and provided rhythm arrangements, while the latter two with Andrews were responsible for vocal arrangements. Jackson alone provided digital bells and background vocals, while Jam and Lewis were responsible for drum programming, digital keyboards, acoustic piano, and percussion. It was recorded and mixed at Flyte Tyme Productions in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Composition and lyrical interpretation

"Let's Wait Awhile" is a simple love song, as described by Jam and Lewis. Lyrically, it talks about abstinence and waiting until the right moment to have sex. Janet, along with her friend and co-writer Melanie Andrews, was inspired to write the track after talking about how Melanie was unsure if she really wanted to have sex with her boyfriend. She advised her to wait awhile, and after that discussion she was inspired to write the track. "I connected that song to millions of young people who might need encouragement to think rather than act, to pause rather than move." Jam further commented, "The theme of the song was Janet's idea. She's not a preachy person. She's not telling people how to live their lives. All she's doing is offering an opinion."

In addition to serving as an anthem for sexual abstinence, the song became successful during the height of the AIDS pandemic. Some school teachers adopted the song as a teaching tool to help steer students toward sexual abstinence. It was also a precursor to a sexually liberated Jackson who emerged on the Rhythm Nation 1814 track "Someday Is Tonight", a sequel to "Let's Wait Awhile", which can be viewed as Jackson's readiness to go further in their relationship. On her album Janet, several songs revolve around the theme of sexual intimacy as well. On 20 Y.O., the track " With U " was written as a follow-up to "Let's Wait Awhile". According to the song's producer Jermaine Dupri, "With U" takes place after the act of intimacy the two have put off, which results in "romantic confusion".

"Let's Wait Awhile" is written in the key of C ♯ major, set in a rock ballad tempo of 87 beats per minute. Janet's vocals range from the low note of G ♯ to the high note of C ♯. The introduction follows the chord progression of F ♯ –D ♯ 7–C ♯ /D ♯ –E7–D/E–E7–G ♯, while the verses follow the chord progression of F7–D ♯ 7–F7–D ♯ 7–F7. The key of the song moves up one semitone to D major at the last chorus of the song.

## Critical reception

"Let's Wait Awhile" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. Ed Hogan of AllMusic saw the song as a "sweet, soft departure from the hard funky veneer of ' What Have You Done for Me Lately,' ' Nasty,' and ' Control.'" Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine praised "how perfect her tremulous hesitance fits into the abstinence anthem 'Let's Wait Awhile'," also noting that it "would've been a great place to end the album." Norman Riley of The Crisis praised the track, calling it "pleasing and surprising." Nelson George of Billboard picked the track as one of the album's highlights, calling it "somber." Danyel Smith of Vibe praised the track, writing that "on the fragile, Jackson's tender, hesitant delivery conveys all of the trepidation and wonder felt by a young girl on the brink of losing her innocence." Wendy Robinson of PopMatters praised the track for "showcas Janet's ability to combine a gorgeous melody with a meaningful message." Nick Levine wrote for Digital Spy that the "seemingly gooey '80s ballad has a hard centre," referring to the song's lyrics.

## Controversy

"Let's Wait Awhile" has been described as "bearing striking similarities" to the 1975 song " Daisy Jane " by the band America. Reportedly on hearing "Let's Wait Awhile" on a car radio in 1987, the road manager for America pulled over at a phone booth to alert Gerry Beckley to the evident debt of Jackson's track to Beckley's composition. Beckley eventually reached an out-of-court settlement with Jackson and her co-writers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, thus preempting litigation for plagiarism.

## Commercial performance

In the United States, "Let's Wait Awhile" peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, behind Club Nouveau 's " Lean on Me." It became Jackson's fifth consecutive top-five single on the chart. It also reached number one on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for one week, her fourth single to top the chart. "Let's Wait Awhile" was placed at number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart of 1987 and at number 42 on the year's R&B chart. The single also peaked at number two on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In the United Kingdom, the song was released in March 1987 and peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart a month later, spending 10 weeks on the chart. It became her second top-three single there, and her most successful at the time, along with " What Have You Done for Me Lately." The single also peaked inside the top 20 in Belgium, Canada, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

## Music video

The music video for "Let's Wait Awhile" was directed by Dominic Sena and is set in New York City. Martial artist and actor Taimak Guarriello was cast to play Jackson's love interest after receiving a call from a modeling agent, who informed him that Jackson wanted him to portray her boyfriend. The video follows Jackson and her boyfriend going out for a romantic night on the town. In the middle of the video, her boyfriend wants to end the evening by taking their relationship a step further, but Jackson wants to wait until they are both ready.

## Live performances

Jackson has performed the song on most of her tours. It was performed on the 1990 Rhythm Nation 1814 Tour. Jackson included "Let's Wait Awhile" during her Janet World Tour in 1993–95. During some shows, the singer asked a prayer to her brother Michael Jackson. According to Greg Kot of The Chicago Tribune, she sang it "as if to say she's still the one in charge" following her female-empowering themes throughout her career. During The Velvet Rope Tour in 1998, she sang the song sitting on a stool, accompanied by a guitarist. A medley at the October 11, 1998 show at Madison Square Garden in New York City was broadcast during a special titled The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden by HBO. It was also added to the set list of its DVD release, The Velvet Rope Tour: Live in Concert (1999).

For the performance of "Let's Wait Awhile" on the All for You Tour in 2001 and 2002, Denise Sheppard from Rolling Stone called the number "mellow," and commented, "Without question, one of the night's most beautiful and verklempt moments arrived out of nowhere forty-five minutes into the set. It was the first time that a break in the action occurred—no dancers, no music—and as a close-up captured Jackson looking genuinely happy, the audience spontaneously burst into what became a five-minute standing ovation. Looking on, shocked by the sincerity of the moment, she shed sincere tears, simultaneously overwhelmed and overjoyed. 'I love you so much, Vancouver. Thank you.'" The February 16, 2002 final date of the tour at Aloha Stadium in Hawaii was broadcast by HBO, and included a performance of the song. This rendition was also added to the set list at its DVD release, Janet: Live in Hawaii, in 2002.

For The Rock Witchu Tour in 2008, she included "Let's Wait Awhile" in its set list. Phil Gallo of Variety praised her vocals during the performance of the song, praising her "startlingly full-bodied" vocal performance on the track. In contrast, Marsha Lederman of The Globe and Mail perceived that the performance was "a bit bumpy, and she seemed to be struggling a tad as she held her hand up to her ear in an effort to catch the right notes." On the Number Ones: Up Close and Personal tour, Jackson used a diamond-encrusted lavender gown to perform a ballad medley of " Nothing," " Come Back to Me," and "Let's Wait Awhile." Annabel Ross of Sydney's "Everguide" praised Janet for "hitting some impressive high notes herself." Joanna Chaundy of The Independent agreed, calling it "the highlight of the show's first half since her voice was more audible and still in fine form." The song was also included in Jackson's 2015-2016 Unbreakable World Tour; writing for the Hartford Courant, Thomas Kintner pointed out that the performance showcased "that even though singing is not the most evocative part of her repertoire, it generates smallish vocal flourishes to augment her pleasant baseline tone." It was included as a video interlude on the second leg of the State of the World Tour. Jackson included the song at her 2019 Las Vegas residence Janet Jackson: Metamorphosis. It was also included on her special concert series Janet Jackson: A Special 30th Anniversary Celebration of Rhythm Nation in 2019.

## Legacy

In 1987, the song was part of the international soundtrack of Brazilian telenovela "Brega e Chique" (English: "Tacky and Chic"). In 1988, smooth jazz/fusion guitarist Paul Jackson Jr. covered the song for his album I Came to Play. In 1989, jazz fusion saxophonist Nelson Rangell covered the song on his album Playing for Keeps. In 1990, Hong Kong singer Cass Phang covered the song for her album With Love. In 1992, contemporary jazz musician Everette Harp covered the song on his self-titled debut album. In 1994, Booker T. & The M.G.s covered the song instrumentally on their album That's the Way It Should Be. In 2001, Ashanti covered the chorus on the Big Pun album Endangered Species. During that same year, Destiny's Child sang the song live as a tribute to Jackson during MTV 's MTV Icon special. In 2002, smooth jazz guitarist Norman Brown covered the song instrumentally on his album Just Chillin'. In 2004, Australian actress Emily Browning covered this song. In 2005, Ilona Irvine covered the song on the compilation album Island Soul: A Way of Life, Vol. 1. In 2007, Filipino singer Nikki Gil covered the song. Its refrain is sampled by Melody Thornton on Jibbs ' single " Go Too Far." In 2013, Justin Timberlake sang part of "Let's Wait Awhile" on his The 20/20 Experience World Tour. In 2014, Amber Riley and Kevin McHale covered the song in the Glee episode " Tested."

## Track listings

- US 7-inch single

- UK and European 7-inch single

- UK 12-inch single

- UK limited-edition 7-inch picture disc

## Charts


Dominik Dinga

# Dominik Dinga

## Abstract

Dominik Dinga (Serbian Cyrillic: Доминик Динга; born 7 April 1998) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Petržalka.

## Club career

### Vojvodina

Dinga was a member of Hajduk Kula until summer 2014, when he moved to Vojvodina. After season with youth team, he started his senior career from 2015–16 season. He scored his first goal, in first friendly match for the first team. Dinga made his official debut for Vojvodina 's senior team in first qualifying round for UEFA Europa League, in pair with Igor Đurić in first match against MTK, ended with 0:0 result. He also made his Serbian SuperLiga in 1st fixture, against Čukarički, when he was substituted in at the half-time for Igor Đurić. On 19 February 2016, Dinga terminated the contract with Vojvodina.

### Ural

Dinga signed a long-term contract with the Russian club FC Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast on 8 April 2016. He would not be able to play for the club in the 2015–16 Russian Premier League games as the transfer window was already closed at the time. He made his official debut for club in the 2nd fixture match of the 2016–17 Russian Premier League, against Rostov, played on 7 August 2016.

After remaining on the bench in all the 2022 Ural games after returning from loan, Dinga was released from his contract with Ural by mutual consent on 17 June 2022.

### Partizan

On 14 June 2019, he joined FK Partizan on loan.

### Dinamo Minsk

On 15 February 2020, he joined Dinamo Minsk on loan till the end of season. His loan was extended for the 2021 season. He returned to Ural at the end of the 2021 season.

## International career

Dinga joined Vojvodina, as a captain of Serbia U17 national selection. Previously, he was also a member of Under 16 national team. In August 2016, Dinga was called into Serbia U19 squad for memorial tournament "Stevan Vilotić - Ćele", where he debuted as a captain in opening match against United States. In 2nd match of the same tournament, he scored a goal against France. After Serbia beat Israel in the final match, Dinga was nominated for the best player of the tournament. Dinga also scored a goal in a match against Moldova, played on 9 November 2016.

## Personal life

Dinga was born in Novi Sad to an ethnic Slovak family but he was raised in Pivnice, Bačka Palanka.