# List of men's national association football teams

## Abstract

This is a list of the men's national association football teams in the world. The International Association Football Federation (FIFA) is the world's most important governing body for association football. A majority of national association football teams in the world are members of FIFA or one of its affiliated continental confederations. A majority of them also represent sovereign states with wide international recognition, with 188 of 195 United Nations (UN) member and observer states holding membership of FIFA. A notable exception is the United Kingdom, which is not a member of FIFA in its own right but is represented in the governing body by the teams of its four constituent countries. Other UN members and one observer state have either held membership in a confederation in the past and subsequently lost it, or have never belonged to either FIFA or one of its recognised confederations.

Membership of FIFA and its confederations also includes national teams representing a few states with limited international recognition, one associated state with no UN membership, a significant number of dependent territories, and a limited number of autonomous areas. A majority of states with limited recognition, however, have no membership of FIFA or any of its confederations.

This list divides national teams into three main groups:

- Teams that are either members of FIFA (211 teams), or have membership in a FIFA-affiliated continental confederation without being members of FIFA itself (11 teams).

- Teams that are not members of FIFA or any continental federation, but which represent UN member and observer states. This group includes four United Nations member states and one observer state (5 teams).

- Teams representing states with limited international recognition and no membership of FIFA or a confederation (6 teams), plus one representing an associated state with no membership of FIFA or a confederation.

This list excludes other teams described by their supporters as 'national', which represent specific ethnic groups, cultural/historical regions, separatist or autonomist movements, speakers of specific languages, and micronations. These teams have historically participated in matches and tournaments outside FIFA's recognition, though some of them have sporadically or regularly played in friendly matches and tournaments against FIFA members.

Some national teams with FIFA membership have disappeared due to belonging to a sovereign state or dependent territory which split into two or more states or territories (examples include the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, or the Netherlands Antilles), or by part of the territory becoming independent (such as the Ireland national football team, which ceased to exist as such after reaching a compromise with FIFA and recognising the Republic of Ireland national football team as representative of the independent part of Ireland). Other teams have disappeared by virtue of the states or territories they represented forming a new state by joining another entity or entities (examples include the teams representing Tanganyika and Malaya, which merged with other former colonies to respectively form the Tanzania and Malaysia football teams), or becoming part of an already existing state (as is the case with East Germany, which joined West Germany to form the unified Germany football team). In several cases the football records of dissolved teams are considered by FIFA as belonging to a successor entity (the Russia national team, for example, carries over the records of the Soviet Union national team). Defunct teams are listed on this page for historical purposes.

Even if only members of FIFA and its affiliated confederations are taken into account, there are more national association football teams in the world than those of any other sport.

## Members of FIFA affiliated confederations

This section lists the current:

- 211 men's national football teams affiliated to FIFA, through their national football associations.

- 11 men's national football teams who have membership in one of FIFA's affiliated continental confederations, but are not members of FIFA.

FIFA members are eligible to enter the FIFA World Cup and matches between them are recognised as official international matches. Based on their match results over the previous four-year period, the FIFA Men's World Rankings, published monthly by FIFA, compare the relative strengths of the national teams.

Some national teams that are members of a confederation but not FIFA members compete in confederation-level and subregional tournaments. These teams, however, are not allowed to participate in the World Cup.

The six confederations are:

- Asia – Asian Football Confederation (AFC)

- Africa – Confederation of African Football (CAF)

- North and Central America and the Caribbean – Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)

- South America – South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL)

- Oceania – Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)

- Europe – Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)

FIFA runs the World Cup as a tournament for national teams to find the world champion. Each confederation also runs its own championship to find the best team from among its members:

- AFC – AFC Asian Cup

- CAF – Africa Cup of Nations

- CONCACAF – CONCACAF Gold Cup

- CONMEBOL – Copa América

- OFC – OFC Men's Nations Cup

- UEFA – UEFA European Football Championship

The Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA) organises competitions between Arab League member nations. All 22 national governing bodies that form UAFA are also members of both FIFA and either the AFC or CAF. National teams from UAFA member countries are noted in the list below. The Arab Cup is the top championship tournament for national teams, organised historically by UAFA and by FIFA since 2021.

The Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA) is an organisation for teams representing unrecognised states, subnational regions, and stateless minorities, as well as teams from recognised states that have not managed to gain entry into FIFA. ConIFA is a successor to the Nouvelle Fédération-Board (N.F.-Board), which also organised tournaments for non-FIFA member teams. While none of the current ConIFA members are also members of FIFA, a few hold associate membership in one of the confederations affiliated with it. These teams are also noted in the list below. The ConIFA World Football Cup is the top tournament for ConIFA member nations.

### AFC (Asia)

Due to the geographical size of Asia, the AFC is subdivided into five sub-federations:

- West Asian Football Federation (WAFF) – represents countries at the western extremity of the continent, except Israel.

- East Asian Football Federation (EAFF) – represents nations in East Asia, plus Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

- Central Asian Football Association (CAFA) – represents countries in Central Asia, comprising Afghanistan, Iran, Russia and most of Soviet Central Asia, except Kazakhstan.

- South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) – represents countries in South Asia.

- ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) – represents countries in Southeast Asia, plus Australia.

- National governing body was formerly a member of OFC (1966–2006)

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Socialist Republic of Vietnam

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for People's Republic of China

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Republic of China (Taiwan); national governing body was a member of OFC from 1975 to 1989

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Hong Kong

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Islamic Republic of Iran

- Official name used by FIFA for Democratic People's Republic of Korea; official name used by AFC is DPR Korea

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Republic of Korea

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for Kyrgyzstan

- National governing body is a full member of AFC but not a FIFA member

- National governing body was formerly a member of OFC (2005–2009)

- Official name used by FIFA and AFC for national team representing the Palestinian Territories

### CAF (Africa)

Due to the geographical size of Africa, CAF is divided into five regional federations:

- Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA) – represents nations generally regarded as forming the regions of East Africa and some nations of Central Africa.

- Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA) – represents nations generally regarded as forming Southern Africa, as well as island states off the coast of Southern Africa.

- West African Football Union/Union du Football de l'Ouest Afrique (WAFU/UFOA) – represents nations in West Africa.

- Union of North African Federations (UNAF) – represents nations regarded as forming North Africa.

- Union des Fédérations du Football de l'Afrique Centrale (UNIFFAC) – represents some of the nations that form Central Africa.

- National governing body is a member of UAFA

- Official name used by FIFA for Democratic Republic of the Congo; official name used by CAF is DR Congo

- National governing body is an associate member of CAF but not a FIFA member

- National governing body was a full member of CAF briefly during 2017

### CONCACAF (North America)

The CONCACAF federation is divided into three regional federations that have responsibility for part of the region's geographical area:

- Caribbean Football Union (CFU) – represents all 27 nations in the Caribbean, plus Bermuda and three nations in South America.

- North American Football Union (NAFU) – represents the three countries in North America (not including Central America).

- Union Centroamericana de Fútbol (UNCAF) – represents the seven countries in Central America.

- National governing body is a full member of CONCACAF but not a FIFA member

### OFC (Oceania)

- National governing body is an associate member of the OFC but not a FIFA member

- National governing body was formerly a member of AFC (1964–1966)

- Official name used by FIFA for New Zealand; official name used by OFC is New Zealand

- Official name used by FIFA and the OFC for French Polynesia

### UEFA (Europe)

- National governing body was formerly a member of AFC (1954–1974); joined UEFA in 1994

- National governing body was formerly a member of AFC (1993–2002)

- National team currently suspended from participation in FIFA and UEFA competitions in response to Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine

## National teams not affiliated to FIFA confederations

The national football teams included in this section are not members of FIFA, or of any of its affiliated continental confederations. The teams are not eligible to enter the FIFA World Cup or any continental confederation championships. FIFA's statutes do not allow member teams to compete against these sides without FIFA's prior permission. Several national associations for teams included in this section are members of ConIFA; these are indicated in the lists below.

This section lists:

- 5 teams representing sovereign states which are member states of the United Nations or non-member observer states with the United Nations General Assembly.

- 8 teams representing states which are not members of the United Nations.

### Unaffiliated United Nations states

Three UN members and one UN General Assembly observer state do not have any sort of membership in FIFA or any continental federation, but have fielded national association-organised teams in unofficial friendly matches or in tournaments held outside the auspices of FIFA. Another UN member state, while being officially represented in FIFA and UEFA by the teams of its constituent nations, has also fielded a team representing the entire state in exhibition matches. The national teams of these five states are listed below.

- Federated States of Micronesia

- Monaco

- Palau

- United Kingdom

- Vatican City

- National governing body was previously a member of the N.F.-Board and ConIFA.

- National governing body has been an associate member of the OFC in the past, but does not currently appear to be part of the confederation.

- The United Kingdom (UK) is not a member of FIFA or UEFA in its own right, being represented instead by the teams of its four constituent nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales). However, an exhibition UK team has played a small number of friendly matches. The UK has also been represented in the Summer Olympic and Summer Universiade football competitions by its own national teams.

Two UN member states (the Marshall Islands and Nauru), have never fielded a national association-organised football team.

### Unaffiliated non-UN states

Three states with limited international recognition and no UN membership are members of both FIFA and an affiliated confederation: the Republic of China (as Chinese Taipei), Kosovo, and Palestine. The Cook Islands is an associated state with no UN membership, but it is a member of both FIFA and the OFC. The national teams representing these states are all listed above.

A further seven associated, de facto, or partially recognised states with no UN membership have fielded football teams in non-FIFA football tournaments or FIFA-unsanctioned friendly matches. None of these states, however, are currently members of FIFA or any of its affiliated continental confederations. The teams representing these states are listed below.

- Abkhazia

- Niue

- Northern Cyprus

- Somaliland

- South Ossetia

- Transnistria

- Western Sahara

- National governing body is currently a member of ConIFA.

- National governing body was previously an associate member of the OFC (membership revoked in March 2021).

- National governing body was previously a member of the N.F.-Board.

- National governing body is a former member of ConIFA.

### Others

#### Membership criteria of FIFA and affiliated confederations

Historically, the majority of FIFA and confederation members have been sovereign states with wide diplomatic recognition. Exceptions to this rule have included the British Home Nations (due to their seminal role in the development of football), Palestine (accepted into FIFA after the creation of the Palestinian National Authority), the Republic of China (which does not enjoy wide recognition but is still accepted as representative of the Taiwan area), and certain dependent territories, autonomous areas, and protectorates which, on the grounds of their political autonomy, separate status, and/or distance from their parent state, have been allowed to hold membership in FIFA and/or one of its affiliated confederations. At present, FIFA members include 23 subnational and dependent territories, as well as three states with limited international recognition. A further nine overseas, dependent, and autonomous territories with close ties to a sovereign state do not have membership in FIFA, but are members of one of its affiliated confederations (either in a full or associate capacity).

In 2016, FIFA made changes to its statutes to define 'country' as "an independent state recognized by the international community". In 2011, UEFA had already changed its statutes so that only countries recognised as independent states by the United Nations could join the organisation., while CAF rescinded Zanzibar 's full membership (which had been approved only months before) in 2017 on the grounds that Zanzibar is not a country as defined by the African Union and the United Nations. With some exceptions (such as the acceptances of Gibraltar and Kosovo into FIFA and UEFA in 2016), these regulations have made it harder for aspiring national associations to join FIFA or its affiliated confederations. Examples include Jersey (UEFA application rejected in 2018), Bonaire (FIFA application rejected in 2019), Sint Maarten (FIFA application rejected in 2022 or before), and Greenland (applied to CONCACAF in 2022 due to lack of prospects of being accepted into UEFA).

#### Teams with international football participation outside the auspices of FIFA

International football matches have historically taken place without approval or sanctioning from FIFA or its associated confederations. Some national teams who are currently members of FIFA or a regional confederation played in matches or even official tournaments against FIFA members before being accepted into FIFA (examples include the Croatia, Kosovo, Palestine, Slovakia, and Slovenia football teams, among others). Some national teams have even participated in major international competitions against FIFA member nations without having ever been part of FIFA or one of its confederations (examples include the North Vietnam national football team 's participation in the Games of the New Emerging Forces football competitions or Northern Cyprus national football team 's participation in the 1980 Islamic Games football tournament). There have also been unsanctioned national teams set up to further the aims of national independence movements, such as the FLN football team.

In addition to the above, since the early 20th Century there have existed teams representing dependent territories or cultural regions which have played or continue to play in matches and tournaments against club sides and FIFA-affiliated national teams without any sanctioning from FIFA or regional confederations (including the Jersey, Gibraltar, Catalonia, Brittany, Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Mayotte football teams, among others).

Whereas teams representing dependent territories have played matches and tournaments against each other since the early 20th century, in more recent times there has been a significant increase in the number of "national" teams representing states with limited recognition, former states, dependent territories, autonomous areas, or regional, sub-national, ethnic, cultural, diaspora, immigrant, language, and micronational groups. This has led to the organization of international tournaments where these teams compete against each other, without recognition or approval from FIFA or any of its associated confederations. Several organizing bodies not associated with FIFA have been in charge of these tournaments, providing an outlet to groups and regions who are not allowed to participate in FIFA-sanctioned football and in some cases functioning as a platform for teams which later began playing in competitions organized by FIFA and its confederations (including the Faroe Islands, Kosovo, and Gibraltar football teams). Notable bodies sanctioning non-FIFA football include the International Island Games Association (IIGA), the Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA)., as well as the now-defunct N.F.-Board (Nouvelle Fédération-Board). As of August 2021, 24 member associations are affiliated with IIGA and 59 member associations are affiliared with ConIFA.

Some non-FIFA tournaments are open to participants from all over the world (such as the Island Games, UNPO Cup, VIVA World Cup, and ConIFA World Football Cup), while others are limited to a specific geographical area (such as the ConIFA regional tournaments, the Europeada, and the CSANF Cup.)

## National football teams representing former nations

These national teams no longer exist due to the dissolution of the nation or territory that they represented. Only teams that held FIFA membership at some point are included on the table. Teams representing former states which never achieved FIFA membership (such as the Manchukuo and North Vietnam teams) are not included.

### New names

In addition to the above, other teams have been renamed:

- Congo → Congo-Léopoldville in 1960 → Congo-Kinshasa in 1963 → Zaire in 1971 → DR Congo in 1997

- British Gambia → Gambia in 1965

- British Guiana → Guyana in 1966

- Burma → Myanmar in 1989

- Cambodia → Khmer Republic in 1970 → Kampuchea in 1975 → Cambodia in 1979

- Ceylon → Sri Lanka in 1972

- Curaçao → Netherlands Antilles in 1958 until 2010

- Czechoslovakia → Representation of Czechs and Slovaks in 1993

- Czech Republic → Czechia in 2022

- Dahomey → Benin in 1975

- Dutch East Indies → Indonesia in 1945

- Egypt → United Arab Republic in 1958 → Egypt in 1971

- FR Yugoslavia → Serbia and Montenegro in 2003

- FYR Macedonia → North Macedonia in 2019

- French Somaliland → Djibouti in 1977

- French Togoland → Togo in 1960

- Germany → Germany FR in 1945 → Germany in 1990

- Gold Coast → Ghana in 1957

- Irish Free State → Ireland in 1936 → Republic of Ireland in 1954

- Ivory Coast → Côte d'Ivoire in 1983

- Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes → Yugoslavia in 1929

- Madagascar → Malagasy Republic in 1958 → Madagascar in 1975

- Mandatory Palestine → Israel in 1948

- Middle Congo → Congo-Brazzaville in 1960 → PR Congo in 1970 → Congo in 1992

- New Hebrides → Vanuatu in 1980

- Northern Rhodesia → Zambia in 1964

- Nyasaland → Malawi in 1966

- Portuguese Guinea → Guinea-Bissau in 1975

- China → Taiwan in 1954 → Chinese Taipei in 1980

- Southern Rhodesia → Rhodesia in 1964 → Zimbabwe in 1980

- Surinam → Suriname in 1954

- Swaziland → Eswatini in 2018

- Turkey → Türkiye in 2022

- Upper Volta → Burkina Faso in 1984

- Vietnam → South Vietnam in 1955

- Western Samoa → Samoa in 1997

### Non-FIFA teams representing former states

Some ConIFA members represent regions which existed as sovereign states in the past, but were never members of FIFA or one of its associated regional confederations. Examples include the Artsakh, Biafra, and East Turkestan national football teams.


# List of American Horror Story cast members

## Abstract

The American Horror Story cast changes each season but has included over 55 main actors across 12 seasons. Being an anthology series, many actors come and go across the seasons in both new and/or returning roles. Evan Peters, Sarah Paulson, and Lily Rabe have appeared in the most seasons with 9 appearances each. Naomi Grossman 's character, Pepper, from Asylum was the first to reappear in a different season, Freak Show. Gabourey Sidibe 's character, Queenie, who first appeared in Coven was the first character to appear in 3 or more seasons after reappearing in Hotel and Apocalypse. The only other character to do so is Billie Dean Howard, portrayed by Sarah Paulson who appeared in Murder House, Hotel, and Apocalypse. The series has cast many pop culture celebrities, TV personalities, singers, supermodels, or sports stars including Adam Levine, Stevie Nicks, Patti LaBelle, Lady Gaga, Naomi Campbell, Trixie Mattel, Rick Springfield, Gus Kenworthy, Eureka, Kaia Gerber, and Kim Kardashian.


Vince Cazzetta

# Vince Cazzetta

## Abstract

Vincent C. Cazzetta (September 24, 1925 – May 4, 2005) was an American basketball coach and head coach of the Pittsburgh Pipers during the 1967–68 season, in which they won the American Basketball Association (ABA) championship. He was also one of the most successful head coaches in Seattle University 's men's basketball history

Cazzetta was head coach at Seattle from 1959 through 1963. He ranked second in school history with a.711 winning percentage and 96 wins. He resigned as coach with nine games left in the 1963 season after a dispute with the athletic director.

Cazzetta moved on to become an assistant coach at the University of Rhode Island.

Cazzetta became head coach of the fledgling Pittsburgh Pipers during the ABA's first season. He made major changes to the roster throughout the season; at the end of the season the team only had four players who had been there at the start of the season. During the season the Pipers had winning streaks of 15 and 12 games and won 18 out of 19 games at one point. The Pipers won the 1968 ABA Championship.

Cazzetta was the ABA's Coach of the Year for the 1967–68 season.

Cazzetta resigned as coach of the Pipers after team owners refused to grant him a raise in order to help move his wife and six children, as the franchise was leaving Pittsburgh to become the Minnesota Pipers. (The owners' refusal and move were both mistakes; the team returned to Pittsburgh as the Pipers after only one season in Minnesota.) Cazzetta was replaced as the Pipers' head coach by Jim Harding of LaSalle College.

Cazzetta died in 2005 in Hartford, Connecticut at the age of 79.

## Head coaching record


Clotilde Apponyi

# Clotilde Apponyi

## Abstract

Clotilde "Klotild" Apponyi (née Klotild Wilhelmine von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein; 23 December 1867 – 1 September 1942) was an Austro-Hungarian noblewoman, women's rights activist, politician and a diplomat.

## Early life and ancestry

Countess Clotilde was born as a third daughter and youngest child of the Austrian politician Prince Alexander von Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg and his wife, Countess Alexandrine Aline von Dietrichstein-Proskau-Leslie (1824-1906), second daughter and one of the heiresses of Joseph Franz, Prince of Dietrichstein. By virtue of birth, she was member of the House of Mensdorff-Pouilly and through Saxe-Coburg-Gotha blood related to the British Royal Family, German Imperial family, Russian Imperial family, as well as to almost all other European Royal families.

## Career

Apponyi was president of the Klotild association for the selling of women's work from 1908, president for the alliance of Hungarian women's associations (MNSz) from 1910, board member of the Catholic protection society for women from 1913, president for the Maria Dorotea association for women teachers from 1930, as well as for numerous other charitable associations. As president of the MNSz, she addressed the Hungarian parliament in favor of women's suffrage in 1912, and supported this reform in public in 1918. After World War I, she, as president of the MNSz, became the spokesperson of the non-socialist women's associations of Hungary in oppose to the leftist MANSz under Cécile Tormay. In 1929, she protested against the suggestion to abolish women's right to run for office, and in 1939, she did the same against the suggestion to ban married women from holding office as civil servants.

During World War I, she was an informal diplomat for the Kingdom of Hungary in Switzerland, and she served as a sub-delegate to the League of Nations in Geneva in 1928-34, and as a delegate for Hungary in 1935-37.

## Personal life

On 1 March 1897 in Vienna, she married Hungarian politician Count Albert Apponyi de Nagy-Aponyi, the only son of Count György Apponyi de Nagy-Aponyi and his wife, Countess Júliane Sztáray de Nagymihály et Sztára (1820-1871). Albert was a leading member of the powerful Apponyi family. Together, they were the parents of three children, one son and two daughters:

- Count György II Alexander Mária Antal Apponyi de Nagy-Aponyi (1898–1970), a politician, member of the Parliament, journalist, married in 1923 to Princess Margarete Odescalchi and had issue.

- Countess Mária Alexandrina Angela Apponyi de Nagy-Aponyi (1899–1967), who married Prince Karl of Rohan in 1933 and had issue.

- Countess Julianna Maria Georgina Antonia Apponyi de Nagy-Aponyi (1903–1994), who married Count Ferenc Pálffy of Erdöd in 1924 and had issue. They divorced in 1934 and she married Hungarian nobleman Elemér Klobusiczky de Klobusicz et Zetény in 1943, and had issue. They divorced in 1947.

## Death

Countess Clotilde Apponyi died on 1 September 1942, at the age of 74 in Budapest, Hungary. At first, she was buried in Farkasréti Cemetery in Budapest, but later, her grave and a grave of her husband were moved to Éberhárd (today Slovakia), part of the Komárom County, where Apponyi family owned a country estate with a castle.


Vivian Schiller

# Vivian Schiller

## Abstract

Vivian Luisa Schiller (born September 13, 1961) is the former president and CEO of National Public Radio, and former head of news and journalism partnerships at Twitter. She is also the former senior vice president and chief digital officer for NBC News, including oversight of NBCNews.com.

## Early life and career

Schiller is the daughter of Ronald Schiller, a former editor at Reader's Digest, and Lillian Schiller of Larchmont, New York. She graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor's degree in Russian studies and Soviet studies, and a Master's degree in Russian from Middlebury College. After finishing her degrees, Schiller worked as tour guide and simultaneous Russian interpreter in the former Soviet Union.

## Turner Broadcasting/CNN

In 1988 she joined Turner Broadcasting as a production assistant. During her early years with the company, Schiller worked on documentaries, children's series and network specials for TBS Superstation and TNT including programs such as National Geographic Explorer, David Attenborough's Private life of Plants, Captain Planet the Planters, Tom & Jerry's Kids, The Golden Globe Awards, and specials and series from the BBC, the Audubon Society, and the National Wildlife Federation.

In 1998, Schiller transferred to CNN, where she eventually became head of the documentary unit which produced special and series for CNN-US and CNN International.

Programs during that time included the Cold War, Beneath the Veil, Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream and more. Schiller's division won multiple awards under her supervision including Emmys, Peabody's, DuPont's and Overseas Press Club Awards.

## Discovery Times Channel

In 2002, Schiller was hired by The New York Times and Discovery Communications to develop and run a new joint venture network that would later become the Discovery Times Channel (the current-day Investigation Discovery).

The network commissioned and programmed hundreds of hours of critically acclaimed current affairs and history series and specials including the 10-part series "Off To War” which followed a unit of National Guardsmen from Arkansas during their deployment to Iraq.

## New York Times

In 2006, after The New York Times and Discovery Communications joint venture severed, Schiller joined the New York Times full-time to oversee original web video and then served as general manager of NYTimes.com, then the largest newspaper site in the world. While at The New York Times, Schiller was instrumental in integrating the newspaper and web newsrooms, including embedding web developers with journalists. Under Schiller's watch, the New York Times launched its first mobile presence, Facebook pages and Twitter accounts and grew audiences by double digits.

## NPR

In late 2008 Schiller was named president and CEO of NPR. During her tenure, Schiller was widely credited with dramatically upgrading the network's digital presence, significantly expanding its revenue base, and attracting more listeners. She greenlit the network's first investigative unit and launched diversity initiatives that expanded the organizations output of multicultural programming for radio and online. Under her watch, NPR launched its mobile apps and expanded its digital output dramatically.

### Juan Williams controversy

On October 20, 2010, NPR fired political analyst Juan Williams. Initial reports indicated Williams was fired for his comments on Fox News that he gets "nervous" when he sees people in "Muslim garb" boarding a plane. Speaking to the media, Schiller stated Williams was not fired for that particular incident, but for offering his controversial opinions on several occasions, which she deemed a breach of journalistic ethics for an NPR analyst.

Schiller then intensified the existing controversy over Williams' dismissal when she added that Williams should have kept his Muslim comments between himself and "his psychiatrist or his publicist—take your pick." Schiller quickly retracted her own remarks, stating, "I spoke hastily and I apologize to Juan and others for my thoughtless remark."

Williams, appearing soon after on Fox News Channel "The O'Reilly Factor" noted in his own defense that other journalist staff members of NPR had previously voiced their own personal opinions and observations without being reprimanded or terminated. Williams speculated that his termination was occasioned by his frequent appearances on Fox News Channel programs in general, and not by any individual remarks he may have made.

In January 2011, due to concerns with the "speed and handling of the termination process" of Williams, the NPR board decided to deny Schiller a 2010 bonus. At the same time, the board "expressed confidence in Vivian Schiller's leadership going forward."

### Resignation from NPR

In March 2011, Vivian Schiller resigned as president and chief executive of National Public Radio amid controversy surrounding the former NPR fundraising executive Ronald Schiller, who is not related to Vivian Schiller. Ronald Schiller had been secretly taped in a sting operation by James O'Keefe, where during a private conversation with two men posing as potential donors, he derided the "tea party" movement as a collection of "gun-toting" racists and "fundamentalist Christians" who have "hijacked" the Republican Party. Vivian Schiller's departure was, in part, an attempt to show congressional budget-cutters that NPR could hold itself accountable.

Dave Edwards, then chair of the NPR board of directors, sent the following message to the NPR staff regarding the resignation: "It is with deep regret that I tell you that the NPR Board of Directors has accepted the resignation of Vivian Schiller as President and CEO of NPR, effective immediately. The Board accepted her resignation with understanding, genuine regret, and great respect for her leadership of NPR these past two years." She was succeeded on an interim basis by Joyce Slocum, the senior vice president of legal affairs and general counsel.

## NBC News

After her resignation from NPR, Schiller was hired by NBC News president Steve Capus to oversee the acquisition of MSNBC Digital Networks, then a joint venture of Microsoft and NBCUniversal. Schiller led the company's efforts to acquire full ownership of the digital operation, and integrate it into the rest of NBC News in New York under a new name, NBCNews.com. That project culminated in the summer of 2013.

While at NBCNews.com, Schiller oversaw the acquisition of Stringwire, a live videostreaming platform for breaking news, and oversaw the network's education initiative “Education Nation.”

## EveryBlock closing and reopening

In February 2013, Schiller closed the NBC News-owned site EveryBlock, saying it "wasn't a strategic fit." Schiller was widely criticized for her handling of the situation, as the site was disabled with no prior warning to site users and providing no access to archives.

Schiller was also criticized for not making a good-faith effort to sell the site before closing it. On the day the site was closed, Schiller said "We looked at various options to keep this going, but none of them were viable." Several days after the site had shut down, she said "we are continuing to look into options very seriously." EveryBlock founder Adrian Holovaty said she "poisoned the pie before trying to sell it."

## Twitter

In January 2014, Schiller joined Twitter as head of news with responsibility for expanding the platform's relationships with news organizations. In July 2014, Global Media Head Katie Stanton expanded Schiller's responsibilities to chair of global news for the company, including setting strategy for partnerships with journalists around the world. Schiller left Twitter in October as part of CEO Dick Costolo's ongoing series of strategic pivots and executive changes and ousters.

## Present

Since leaving Twitter, Schiller has been working as an independent consultant and advisor to various domestic and international organizations, including to legacy companies as well start-ups such as Vocativ, a data-driven online news provider. In January 2020 Schiller joined the Aspen Institute as Executive Director of Aspen Digital, where she has been actively involved in their Commission on Information Disorder.

In October 2022, Schiller joined the Council for Responsible Social Media project launched by Issue One to address the negative mental, civic, and public health impacts of social media in the United States co-chaired by former House Democratic Caucus Leader Dick Gephardt and former Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Kerry Healey.

## Affiliations

Schiller is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She sits on the boards of CUNY Journalism School; the Investigative News Network; Society for Science and the Public; and International Center for Journalism. She was the founding board chair for The News Literary Project.