Subnautica

# Subnautica

## Abstract

Subnautica is the best game oat 🔥, otherwise known as an action-adventure survival game developed and published by Unknown Worlds Entertainment. The player controls Ryley Robinson, a survivor of a spaceship crash on an alien oceanic planet, which they are free to explore. The main objectives are to find essential resources, survive the local flora and fauna, and find a way to escape the planet.

Subnautica was released in early access for Windows in December 2014, macOS in June 2015, and Xbox One in May 2016. The game was released out of early access in January 2018 for macOS and Windows, with versions for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in December 2018. The physical console versions were published by Gearbox Publishing. The Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S versions were released in May 2021. It received generally positive reviews from critics and sold over 5 million units by January 2020. A spin-off, Subnautica: Below Zero, which was originally meant to be downloadable content for the base game, was released in May 2021. A direct sequel, Subnautica 2, is planned to release in early access some time in 2025.

## Gameplay

Subnautica is a survival action-adventure game set in an open world environment and played from a first-person perspective. The player controls the lone survivor of the crashed spacecraft known as The Aurora, Ryley Robinson, as he is stranded on a remote ocean planet known as 4546B in the Andromeda Galaxy.

The main objective is to explore the ocean and survive its dangers, while completing tasks to advance the plot. Players can collect resources and blueprints, construct tools, build bases and submersibles, and interact with the planet's wildlife. Some of the most extreme dangers to the player include but not limited to: Crabsquids, Warpers, Mesmers, Bonesharks, Ampeels, Stalkers, Crashfish, and Leviathan-class lifeforms like the Reaper, Sea Dragon and Ghost Leviathans.

The majority of the game is set underwater, with two explorable islands, and a simulated day-and-night cycle that affects visibility, along with an eclipse that happens on a frequent occasion. Upon beginning a new game, players are given an option between four difficulty modes:

- In survival mode, the player manages their depleting health, hunger, thirst and oxygen. If the player dies, they respawn, but certain items are removed from their inventory.

- In freedom mode, gameplay is near-identical to that of survival mode, but without hunger and thirst.

- In hardcore mode, gameplay includes permanent death. If the player dies, they do not respawn, and their save file is instead permanently deleted. Additionally, the player does not receive warnings of low oxygen levels as they would in other modes.

- In creative mode, all depleting characteristics, such as health and thirst, are removed, all blueprints are unlocked, and the player can craft without needing resources. Additionally, the submersibles, a stasis rifle, a Seaglide, a mobile vehicle bay, and a propulsion cannon are provided, which do not need an energy source to operate, and are immune to crush depth.

The game supports VR headsets, such as the HTC Vive and the Oculus Rift, with the additional input of a keyboard and mouse or game controller.

## Plot

Approximately 1000 years prior to the game's events, the Precursors, an ancient, advanced alien species, came to 4546B in search of a cure for an apocalyptically deadly disease (the "Kharaa Bacterium"). Investigating thousands of planets in an attempt to find a cure, the Precursors eventually located a species of organism on 4546B, the Sea Emperor Leviathan, which produced an enzyme ("Enzyme 42") that could cure Kharaa. Unfortunately, the only living Sea Emperor was too elderly to produce the enzyme in enough potency to develop a cure. Although the Precursors attempted to force the Sea Emperor's eggs to hatch, hoping to acquire a more potent form of Enzyme 42 from her offspring, they were unsuccessful. In an attempt to better understand the egg-hatching process of the Sea Emperor, the Precursors took the egg of a Sea Dragon Leviathan (an evolutionary cousin of the Sea Emperor) to study. The Sea Dragon whose egg they took tracked down where the eggs were being held and destroyed the lab, leaking the Kharaa bacterium into the planet's ecosystem. The Precursors enabled a facility known as the Quarantine Enforcement Platform, a large weapon that fires on any spacecraft attempting to land on, or leave, 4546B, before evacuating. Kharaa was prevented from wiping out life on 4546B by a small amount of Enzyme 42 that was spread around (unintentionally) by a vent system the Precursors had built which connected the open ocean to the Sea Emperor's containment chamber and her children.

Much later, 10 years before the events of the game, a private vessel, the Degasi, came too close to 4546B and was shot down by the Quarantine Enforcement Platform. Only three of the six crew members survived: the captain, Paul Torgal; his son, Bart Torgal; and the ship's mercenary, Marguerit Maida. The three washed ashore on the Floating Island, an island-- visitable in-game-- held above the surface of the water by massive, buoyant creatures permanently stuck to its underside. The crew built a base and two observatories on the island. Eventually, waning food supplies, worsening weather, lack of resources, and curiosity as to the origin of an alien artifact discovered on the beach drove the crew to leave the island and search the ocean for answers. After constructing a new base in the "Grand Reef" biome, the crew discovered that they had been infected by the Kharaa Bacterium. Bart realized that, since Kharaa was unknown to humans, it had no known cure, and so he took on the task of developing one himself. Marguerit, under the guise of providing a test subject for Bart, attacked a predatory Reaper Leviathan and towed it back to the base using a submarine. A few minutes afterwards, the base was attacked by a Reaper Leviathan (either the one Marguerit subdued, or a second one drawn by the first's scent) and Paul was killed. Bart, believing Marguerit to be dead, returned to the Floating Island, and succumbed to Kharaa. Marguerit defeated the attacking Reaper and, using its bloated corpse as a raft, floated to 4546B's polar region, returning in Subnautica: Below Zero.

10 years later, the Aurora, brand-new flagship of the Alterra Corporation, draws too close to 4546B while scanning for the remains of the Degasi and is shot down. 8 hours after the crash, Aurora receives a blueprint for an escape rocket from Alterra HQ, just before the long-range receiver goes offline. Many crew members eject in life pods, though only one survives: the player-character, Ryley Robinson, who contracted Kharaa shortly after landing. After repairing his life pod's radio and secondary systems, Ryley begins receiving radio transmissions leading him to the other (now-empty) life pods. After some time has passed, Ryley begins receiving transmissions from the Andromedan trading vessel Sunbeam. After detecting the debris field in orbit around, and on the surface of, 4546B, Sunbeam comes to rescue Ryley. Sunbeam is shot down by the Quarantine Enforcement Platform while landing, exploding mid-air and leaving no survivors. After this, Ryley receives a final transmission from Alterra HQ, informing him of the escape rocket blueprint in the captain quarters aboard Aurora and providing him with the access code for the room. Ryley also begins receiving telepathic communications from the Sea Emperor Leviathan in the Primary Containment Facility, a complex constructed by the Precursors to contain and study the Sea Emperor. The Sea Emperor helps Ryley find her containment facility, briefly explaining her history with the Precursors and asking Ryley to activate the teleporter within her containment chamber and hatch her eggs so that her young may be free. She gives Ryley the recipe for an enzyme that will allow her eggs to hatch. After the eggs hatch, the juvenile Sea Emperor Leviathans spit out a concentrated form of Enzyme 42 which cures Ryley's infection as well as all the other infected fish on 4546B, finally eradicating the disease. Now cured, Ryley is able to disable the Quarantine Enforcement Platform (it can only be disabled by a person who is not infected with Kharaa), build the escape rocket, and leave the planet.

After the credits finish rolling, an automated voice can be heard informing Ryley that he is one trillion credits in debt to Alterra due to harvesting resources from 4546B, and will only be granted permission to land once he has paid it off.

## Development

Subnautica was announced by Unknown Worlds Entertainment on December 17, 2013, with Charlie Cleveland as the director and lead gameplay programmer, and Hugh Jeremy as the producer. The music is composed by Simon Chylinski.

Cleveland was heavily inspired by Minecraft, which he noted "transformed the game industry" and "threw away all traditional challenge oriented and progression oriented games". The release of Minecraft overlapped with Unknown Worlds releasing Natural Selection 2. Feeling exhausted, the team wanted to try something new and decided to make such a game. Other influences included scuba diving, the filmography of James Cameron, and "just the feeling of exploring the deep, dark, alternately beautiful and terrible, ocean depths. Feeling like I’m an explorer, almost an astronaut, not knowing what I’ll find". Cleveland did not initially view it as a survival game but as an exploration game.

The development team opted to use the Unity engine rather than Spark, the engine used for the company's previous game, Natural Selection 2. Subnautica producer Hugh Jeremy justified this decision because of the different demands that the game places on the engine, and "because does not include people working on Spark, it's not appropriate for Subnautica to use Spark. By using Unity for Subnautica, Spark can continue to develop in certain directions, while Subnautica develops in others. To use Spark for Subnautica would be like trying to fit a square peg in a round hole."

The game lacks the traditional mission or quest structure usually found in video games. This was a deliberate choice; Cleveland stated "with intrinsic rewards, people are instead encouraged to just do the activities for their own merit, less people would be motivated to do it. But, if they did get over that learning period they would get to the point where they internalized that activity as pleasurable on its own and they would continue". Cleveland opted for this after reading an essay by Jamie Cheng who implemented similar philosophies into his game Don't Starve.

Early access versions of Subnautica were released on Steam Early Access on December 16, 2014 and on Xbox One Preview on May 17, 2016. During this initial release the game featured no hunger or thirst mechanics. After receiving criticism, specifically from one player whose critique "struck home for me", the team opted to include such a system eventually discovering that it helped players orient themselves to the early parts of the game. The full version of the game was released on January 23, 2018, for macOS and Windows personal computers, and on December 4, 2018, for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles. The Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S versions of the game and a spin-off, called Subnautica: Below Zero, were released on May 14, 2021. Previously, Below Zero was released in early access on January 30, 2019.

## Reception

Subnautica received positive pre-release reception. Ian Birnbaum of PC Gamer described Subnautica as an "underwater Minecraft ", remarking that "with an experienced developer at the helm and a limitless variety of the oceans to play with, it's going to take a lot for Subnautica to go badly wrong. As the toolbox gets deeper and the shape of the end-game gets set, Subnautica will be a unique example of the ways survival can be tense, rewarding, and fun." Marsh Davies of Rock, Paper, Shotgun praised the rewarding nature of exploring the world of Subnautica, but criticized the "arbitrariness" and lack of intuition in some of the in-game recipes.

At launch, the game received "generally positive reviews" on all platforms according to review aggregator Metacritic.

By January 2020, more than 5.23 million copies had been sold across all platforms, excluding free copies given as part of promotions.


P. J. Sarma

# P. J. Sarma

## Abstract

Pudipeddi Jogeswara Sarma was an Indian film dubbing artist, turned actor and writer, known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He has worked for over 500 films as an actor and dubbing artist. He is the father of actors P. Sai Kumar, P. Ravi Shankar and Ayyappa P. Sarma.

He died on 14 December 2014 of a heart attack at the age of 81.

## Selected filmography

- 1968 Bhale Monagadu

- 1969 Ukku Pidugu as Mahamanthri of Kalinga

- 1971 Sampoorna Ramayanam

- 1971 Mattilo Manikyam as Father of Lakshmi's best friend

- 1972 Bala Bharatam

- 1972 Collector Janaki

- 1973 Devudamma as Nagabhushanam

- 1975 Zamindarugari Ammayi as Ramanatham

- 1975 Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham

- 1976 Bhale Dongalu as Public Prosecutor

- 1976 Mahakavi Kshetrayya

- 1976 Bangaru Manishi

- 1977 Kurukshetram

- 1977 Daana Veera Soora Karna

- 1977 Indradhanusu

- 1977 Dongalaku Donga as David

- 1978 Indradhanussu as Govindu, Shanti's (Sarada) father

- 1978 Malle Poovu

- 1978 Dongala Veta as One of the Board Members

- 1978 Sahasavanthudu as Inspector General of Police

- 1978 Agent Gopi as Latha's (Jaya Prada) confidante

- 1979 Hema Hemeelu

- 1979 Cheyyethi Jai Kottu as Shankaram

- 1980 Sivamethina Satyam as Public Prosecutor

- 1980 Mahalakshmi as Doctor

- 1980 Ram Robert Rahim

- 1980 Love in Singapore as S.I. Krishna Rao

- 1980 Venkateswara Vratha Mahatyam aa Ramanandulu

- 1981 Nyayam Kavali

- 1981 Chattaniki Kallu Levu as Jailer Ananda Rao

- 1982 Kaliyuga Ramudu

- 1982 Naa Desam

- 1982 Kalahala Kapuram (1982) as Rammurthy

- 1982 Talliprema

- 1982 Pratigna as Ramaiah

- 1983 Shakthi

- 1983 Police Venkataswamy

- 1983 Abhilasha

- 1983 Gudachari No.1 as Dr. Raghunath

- 1983 Khaidi

- 1984 Tukaram

- 1984 Kode Trachu as Family Lawyer

- 1984 Kondaveeti Nagulu as Police Officer trying to capture Nagulu

- 1984 Daku as I.G. Rama Rao

- 1984 Jagan as Judge

- 1984 Janani Janmabhoomi

- 1984 Devanthakudu as Judge

- 1984 Chadarangam as Inspector General of Police

- 1984 Bobbili Brahmanna as Punnaiah

- 1985 Chattamtho Poratam as Lecturer

- 1985 Garjana as Ranga Rao

- 1985 Erramallelu

- 1985 Mugguru Mitrulu

- 1985 Pattabhishekam

- 1985 Pachani Kapuram as Murthy

- 1985 Aggiraju

- 1985 Raktha Sindhuram as Inspector General of Police

- 1985 Vijetha

- 1986 Ide Naa Samadhanam as Inspector General of Police

- 1986 Nireekshana

- 1986 Kashmora as Priest

- 1986 Palnati Simham as Public Prosecutor

- 1986 Ugra Narasimham

- 1986 Oka Radha Iddaru Krishnulu

- 1986 Jailu Pakshi

- 1986 Punyasthree

- 1986 Aranyakanda

- 1987 Gowthami

- 1987 Sankharavam

- 1988 Kaliyuga Karnudu as Judge

- 1988 Aswaddhama as Judge

- 1988 Ugranethrudu as CBI Officer Sarma

- 1988 Nyayam Kosam as CBI Chief

- 1988 Bazaar Rowdy

- 1988 Inspector Pratap

- 1988 Khaidi No. 786

- 1988 Rowdy No.1

- 1989 Chennapatnam Chinnollu as Police Inspector

- 1989 Ontari Poratam

- 1989 Yamapasam

- 1990 Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari (1990)

- 1990 Karthavyam

- 1990 Kaliyuga Abhimanyudu as Collector

- 1991 Brahmarishi Vishwamitra

- 1991 Maanagara Kaaval (Tamil)

- 1991 Shanthi Kranthi

- 1991 Tholi Puddu

- 1991 Chaitanya

- 1992 Asadhyulu

- 1993 Sarigamalu

- 1994 Mugguru Monagallu

- 1994 Hero (Tamil)

- 1996 Maavichiguru

- 1996 Sampradayam as Diwan

- 1996 Hello Guru

- 1996 Shri Krishnarjuna Vijayam

- 1997 Minsara Kanavu

- 1997 Rowdy Durbar

- 1998 Tholi Prema

- 1998 Padutha Theeyaga

- 1998 Choodalani Vundi

- 2001 Athanu

- 2003 Naaga

- 2004 Seshadri Naidu

## Awards


Lal Masjid, Delhi

# Lal Masjid, Delhi

## Abstract

Lal Masjid (lit. "Red Mosque") of Delhi, also known as the Fakr-ul Masjid (lit. "Pride of Mosques") or Sikandar Sahib's Masjid, is a mosque located in Bara Bazaar, Kashmiri Gate in Old Delhi, India.

## History

The building was built in 1728 by Kaniz-i-Fatima (entitled Fakr-i-Jahan), in memory of her husband Shujaat Khan, a noble in the court of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Colonel James Skinner repaired the mosque and its construction is sometimes misattributed to him.

Illustrations and descriptions of the mosque were included in Sir Thomas Metcalfe's 1844 book "Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi."

In the 1857 Siege of Delhi the mosque was damaged, yet since then, has been repaired.

## Architecture

The mosque sits on a raised plinth of about 12 metres (40 ft) by 7.3 metres (24 ft) and stands 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) above the adjacent shop-lined streets. The main complex consists of three rooms each with its own arched entryway. Two striped towers on either side of the center arch are mirrored by the mosque's two minarets standing at the rear corners of building. Behind a decorated parapet on the roof of the mosque sit three white and black marble domes. The building's prominent use of red sandstone and white marble is considered unusual for the period, though many of its other features, including its minarets and domes, are closely modeled off of the major mosques of Delhi including the nearby Jama Masjid.


Prince Daddy & the Hyena

# Prince Daddy & the Hyena

## Abstract

Prince Daddy & the Hyena is an American punk rock band from Albany, New York, formed in 2014. They have released three full-length albums and four extended plays.

## History

### Formation and early years

Prince Daddy and the Hyena was formed in 2014 when Kory Gregory, Alex Ziembiec and Zakariya Houacine were inspired to start a band after seeing Rozwell Kid live. According to Gregory, Rozwell Kid was a substantial influence on much of his early songwriting. The origin of the band's name is obscure; Gregory has stated that he "would make up a different dumbass story each time". He has variously explained that it was derived from a game that Gregory played with the band's TM & merch person – Luis Wiest – at recess in elementary school, that it was the name of Gregory's childhood guinea pig, or that it is his parents' anniversary. He has also tweeted that there is a comma missing between Prince and Daddy, due to a grammatical error.

The band met lead guitarist Cameron Handford through house shows and mutual friends eventually leading up to his joining of the band. Prince Daddy & the Hyena began in 2014 with the release of an extended play titled Skip Cutscenes! Blow Loud!. In 2015, the band went into the headroom studio with Joe Reinhart (Hop Along, Algernon Cadwallader) and recorded their first album, but the release was delayed several times.

In the meantime, the band wrote, recorded and released the EP Adult Summers.

Their first full-length album I Thought You Didn't Even Like Leaving was finally released in 2016 on Broken World Media. I Thought You Didn't Like Leaving was written during Gregory's high school days, the album was about working at Panera Bread and "being so sad about your friends leaving you that you lay in bed, eat Cheetos, and smoke weed".

In 2017, Ziembiec left the band on good terms due to exhaustion from touring. Daniel Gorham from Pictures of Vernon took over on drums.

### Cosmic Thrill Seekers

In 2019, the band released its second full-length album titled Cosmic Thrill Seekers on Counter Intuitive Records, and embarked on several extensive tours in support of the album. This tour would prove difficult for the band, as they were involved in a traffic accident which left the band and members of their team temporarily disabled. After recovering from this incident, the band's tour van was broken into, leading to the loss of $7,500 worth of equipment. The band went on tour Europe with Oso Oso in further support of the record in the fall of 2019. In 2020, the band embarked on their co-headlining tour with Oso Oso with support from Just Friends.

### Self-titled album

In 2021, the band signed to Pure Noise Records and released the single "Curly Q.", which Gregory wrote for his nephew.

In 2022, they announced their forthcoming third album, Prince Daddy & the Hyena, to release on April 15. The album is conceptually about the fear of death, and was inspired by a van crash the band experienced. The album was also supported by the singles "A Random Exercise In Impermanence (The Collector)," "El Dorado," and "Shoelaces," as well as a headlining tour throughout the United States with Macseal, Insignificant Other, and California Cousins.

In November 2022, they announced original drummer Alex Ziembiec's death.

In February 2023, they embarked on a co-headlining tour with Drug Church, with support from Anxious and Webbed Wing.

## Musical style

The band has self-identified themselves as a punk rock band in an interview with The Fader. Critically, the band has been described as "smartly crafted slacker punk" with elements of power pop, post-hardcore, and emo by AllMusic. Pitchfork has identified the band as both punk rock and emo.

Frontman Kory Gregory has cited Weezer, the Strokes, Jeff Rosenstock, and Green Day as major influences on the sound. In an interview with The Fader, Gregory described the sound on the band's second album Cosmic Thrill Seekers as "the soundtrack to a Disney film played by a punk rock band."

## Band members

Current

- Korneilious "Kory" Jophus Gregory – lead vocals, guitar (2014–present)

- Cameron "Cambo" Hanford – guitar (2014–present)

- Daniel "Podwick" Gorham – drums, backing vocals (2018–present)

- Jordan "J Nasty" Chmielowski – bass (2024–present; touring 2022–2023)

Past

- Zakariya "Hardly Knew Yee" Houacine – bass (2014–2019)

- Alex "Al Al Bean" Ziembiec – drums (2014–2017; died 2022)

- Adam Dasilva – bass (2020–2022)

Touring

- Jake Sulzer – drums (2017), bass (2023)

- James Ringness – drums (2017)

- Cole Syzilagyi – bass (2022)

### Timeline

## Discography

Studio albums

- I Thought You Didn't Even Like Leaving (2016, Broken World Media/2017, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Cosmic Thrill Seekers (2019, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Prince Daddy & the Hyena (2022, Pure Noise Records)

EPs

- Skip Cutscenes! Blow Loud! (2014, Wallflower Records)

- Adult Summers (2015, Broken World Media, 2017 Counter Intuitive Records)

Splits

- Prince Daddy & The Hyena/Just Friends (2016, Broken World Media)

- Now That's What I Call Music Vol. 420 (2017, Counter Intuitive Records)

Singles

- Adult Summers Pt. 2 (2015, Broken World Media) HIDDEN TRACK* (2015, Broken World Media)

- HIDDEN TRACK* (2015, Broken World Media)

- I Thought You Didn't Even Like Leaving (2016, Broken World Media)

- Hundo Pos (2016, Broken World Media)

- I Forgot To Take My Meds Today (2017, Broken World Media)

- I Lost My Life (2019, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Lauren (Track 2) (2019, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Fuckin' A (2019, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Prototype of The Ultimate Life-form (2019, Counter Intuitive Records)

- Curly Q (2021, Pure Noise Records)

- A Random Exercise in Impermanence (The Collector) (2022, Pure Noise Records)

- El Dorado (2022, Pure Noise Records)

- Shoelaces (2022, Pure Noise Records)


Wingate railway station

# Wingate railway station

## Abstract

Wingate railway station is a suburban railway station in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, serving the Wingate industrial area and parts of Avalon, New Zealand, Naenae and Taitā suburbs. The station is located on the Hutt Valley section of the Wairarapa Line, 19.5 km (12.1 mi) north of Wellington. The station is served by Metlink 's electric multiple unit trains of the "Matangi" FP class. Trains stopping at Wingate run to Wellington, Taitā and Upper Hutt.

The station has an island platform station between double tracks, linked via ramp south to the Wingate Overbridge and via an overbridge north to Rainey Grove (west) and Wingate Crescent (east).

## History

The then Hutt Valley Branch to Waterloo opened on 26 May 1927. The branch line was extended to Epuni and Naenae on 7 January 1946 and to Taitā (then known as Taita) on 14 April 1947. Double track was to Naenae only.

The Wingate Station was opened on 25 September 1950. Double track was extended to Wingate and Taitā on 22 February 1953. With the opening of the section to Haywards (now called Manor Park) from 1 March 1954 and the closing of the Melling-Haywards section, this route became the main route to Upper Hutt and the Wairarapa.

## Services

The following Metlink bus routes serve Wingate station:


Charles S. Maier

# Charles S. Maier

## Abstract

Charles S. Maier (born February 23, 1939) is the Leverett Saltonstall Research Professor of History at Harvard University. He teaches European and international history at Harvard.

## Biography

Maier served as the director of the Center for European Studies at Harvard, 1994-2001, and currently co-directs (with Sven Beckert, Sugata Bose, and Jean Comaroff) the Weatherhead Initiative in Global History. He taught at Duke University 1976-81 and has also held various visiting professorships in Europe. He was married from 1961 to 2013 to the late Pauline Maier (née Rubbelke), Professor at MIT and noted American historian. In 2017 he married Marjorie Anne Sa'adah, professor emerita of government at Dartmouth College. He has three children and eight grandchildren.

## Awards and honors

He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a recipient of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, an Alexander von Humboldt research prize fellowship, the Cross of Honor of the German Federal Republic, and the Cross of Honor for Science and Art, first class, of the Republic of Austria. The University of Padua awarded him a laurea honoris causa in European Studies in January 2018.

- 1976 George Louis Beer Prize, American Historical Society, Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I

- 1977 Herbert Baxter Adams Prize, American Historical Society, Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I

## Partial bibliography

### Books

- The Origins of the Cold War and contemporary Europe (New York, 1978)

- Reprinted with new prefaces, 1988 and 2015.

- In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987)

- The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988)

- Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)

- Among Empires: American Ascendancy and its Predecessors (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006)

- Leviathan 2.0: Inventing Modern Statehood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014; also in Worlds Connected, Emily Rosenberg, ed. Harvard University Press, 2012)

- Once within Borders: Territories of Power, Wealth, and Belonging since 1500 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016)

- The Project-State and Its Rivals: A New History of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2023)

### Articles

- "Between Taylorism and technocracy: European ideologies and the vision of industrial productivity in the 1920s". Journal of contemporary history 5#2 (1970): 27-61. JSTOR 259743.

- "The politics of productivity: foundations of American international economic policy after World War II". International Organization 31#4 (1977): 607-633. JSTOR 2706316.

- "Marking time: the historiography of international relations". in The Past Before Us: Contemporary Historical Writing in the United States (1980): 355-87.

- “The Cold War and the World Economy", in The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds. (3 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), I, 44-66.

- “In Merkel’s Crisis, Echoes of Weimar", NYR Daily: New York Review of Books, 12/4/2017.

- "H-Diplo Memories" (H-Diplo "Essay Series on Learning the Scholar’s Craft: Reflections of Historians and International Relations Scholars" 16 October 2020) online autobiography