Maritime broadcast communications net

# Maritime broadcast communications net

## Abstract

In telecommunications, a maritime broadcast communications net is a communications net that is used for international distress calling, including international lifeboat, lifecraft, and survival-craft high frequency (HF); aeronautical emergency very high frequency (VHF); survival ultra high frequency (UHF); international calling and safety very high frequency (VHF); combined scene-of-search-and-rescue; and other similar and related purposes.

Note: Basic international distress calling is performed at either medium frequency (MF) or at high frequency (HF).


Alison Rich

# Alison Rich

## Abstract

Alison Rich is an American actress, writer, and director. She is best known for her acting on The Goldbergs and The Other Two and for her short films that have played Sundance and SXSW.

## Life and career

Rich was raised in Port Washington, Long Island, New York. She received her bachelor's degree from Harvard University.

Rich trained in improv and sketch comedy at UCB Theatre in New York. She joined the Saturday Night Live writing staff in 2014. She later wrote for Billy on the Street, and appeared on Best Week Ever, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Drunk History, Tuca & Bertie, Angie Tribeca, and 2 Broke Girls. Rich was a main cast member of the sketch comedy series Party Over Here (2016), and Rob Riggle's Ski Master Academy (2018). She had recurring roles on Resident Advisors (2015) and The Other Two (2021). Rich has been a supporting cast member on The Goldbergs since 2017, where she was also a writer for several years.

Rich wrote and starred in her directorial debut short film, The Other Morgan, which premiered at SXSW in 2021. Her second short film, Training Wheels, premiered at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival. Her third short film, "Pathological", premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival.

## Filmography

## Awards and nominations

- 2013 – IFC Out of the Box Award, New York Television Festival (for Incognito)

- 2013 – Best Actress Award, Independent Pilot Competition, New York Television Festival (for Incognito)

- 2016 – Writers Guild of America Awards, Comedy/Variety Sketch Series, Nominee (for Saturday Night Live)

- 2021 – Grand Jury Award, SXSW Film Festival, Nominee (for The Other Morgan)

- 2022 – Short Film Grand Jury Prize, Sundance Film Festival, Nominee (for Training Wheels)


Nicolás Royón

# Nicolás Royón

## Abstract

Pablo Nicolás Royón Silvera (born 28 January 1991) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays for Montevideo Wanderers.


Ōrākei railway station

# Ōrākei railway station

## Abstract

Ōrākei railway station in the Auckland suburb of Remuera is located on the North Island Main Trunk line in New Zealand. Eastern Line services of the Auckland railway network are the only services that regularly stop at the station. It has an island platform layout and can be reached by an overbridge from Ōrākei Road. It is backed by a car-park and a shopping complex.

## History

The station was originally constructed, along with five others, in 1929 on the route of the Westfield Deviation, which was being built to divert the Auckland–Westfield section of the North Island Main Trunk line (NIMT) via a flatter, faster eastern route to link up with the original NIMT tracks at Westfield Junction.

The station was closed between March 2023 and January 2024 for Stage 2 of the Rail Network Rebuild. The Eastern Line was closed between Ōtāhuhu and Waitematā for major track renewal work and prepared the Eastern Line for the opening of the City Rail Link. During this time, a rail bus replacement was used instead of running trains.

## Ōrākei Bay Village

From 2016 warehouses beside the station were converted for use as shops and a cinema, after a 2008 plan by the Redwood development group, for several skyscraper apartment buildings, green space and waterfront access, had been defeated. A plan limited to six stories was then discussed. It would have retained public access and amenities, and provided a covered train station.

## Services

Auckland One Rail, on behalf of Auckland Transport, operates suburban services between Waitematā and Manukau station via this station. The basic weekday off-peak timetable is:

- 3 tph to Waitematā

- 3 tph to Manukau

Bus route 781 serves Ōrākei station.


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.


The Strand Station

# The Strand Station

## Abstract

The Strand Station, also referred to as Auckland Strand Station (formerly part of Auckland Railway Station), is a railway station located on the eastern edge of the Auckland CBD. It serves as the long-distance railway station for Auckland. It is the northern terminus of the Northern Explorer service between Auckland and Wellington, and the northern terminus for the Te Huia service between Auckland and Hamilton. Suburban services are not scheduled to pass through the station, however, it serves as a backup for Waitematā railway station (formerly Britomart Transport Centre) during times of disruption.

The platforms were formerly part of the Auckland Railway Station complex which was opened in 1930 on Beach Road, replacing the previous railway terminus which was on the Queen Street site where Britomart now stands. The 1930 station was the third to serve as the rail terminus for Auckland, and remained the sole station serving the CBD until its closure in July 2003, when Britomart became the new terminus. The original Platform 7 (now referred to as Platform 1) was retained for limited use as 'The Strand Station', named after the adjacent street. It continued to be used by a limited number of peak-hour suburban trains for a few months following the opening of Britomart. After this, the sole used platform served as a limited-use station for excursions and charters, though it and the other abandoned platforms fell into a state of disrepair. In August 2011, the original Platform 7 and Platform 6 (now referred to as Platform 2) were redeveloped and officially reopened for potential use during Rugby World Cup 2011, although they were never used for that purpose.

## History

### Refurbishment

Between 2003 and 2011, the platforms had deteriorated into a decrepit state. All of the platforms had been shortened for the Britomart Curve, sections of removed track were stacked up on top of each other adjacent to the platforms, and grass and weeds covered most of the site.

In 2011, two platforms were upgraded by Auckland Transport to prepare them for use as an alternative to Britomart for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In a $1.7 million project, the canopies were removed from two platforms, with a small section left behind for historic purposes, and the canopies on the other platforms were also left standing due to their heritage value. The platforms were resurfaced, and amenities such as lighting and a public address system were installed. The platforms did not end up being used during the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but they continued to serve as a potential backup station for Britomart during disruptions.

During 2013, stabling facilities were constructed in the disused part of the station, to the north of the refurbished platforms. The stabling yard, officially called the Strand Distributed Stabling Facility, is designed to hold trains when they are not in service. In 2014, the station was fully electrified as part of Auckland's railway electrification project. In December 2015, the station became the terminus of Auckland's sole long-distance passenger train service, the Northern Explorer which ran between Auckland and Wellington, following the shift of its Auckland terminus from Britomart. As the Northern Explorer had become the only diesel service still using Britomart, its operator KiwiRail was requested by Auckland Transport to fund an upgrade to the diesel extraction fans at the underground station, but KiwiRail decided it would be more cost-efficient to cease serving Britomart and move the Northern Explorer terminus to The Strand instead.

## Current use

The Strand is occasionally used for excursion trains and is also available as a backup station for Britomart in case of disruptions. Since electrification, part of the station has been used as a stabling facility. Platform 8 restaurant occupies the former foyer of the 1930 station.

Te Huia extends to The Strand on Saturdays from 24 July 2021. It was extended to The Strand on weekdays from 24 January 2022, much earlier than an earlier 2024 proposal, contingent on the Third Main Line project being sufficiently advanced. It may also run on Sundays and public holidays after year 4 or 5; once track access in the Auckland area is not required on Sundays for key rail projects.

## Future

Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, the local iwi who owns much of the land in the area of the station, states on their masterplan for the area the wish for the station to be renamed Te Tōangaroa, the traditional name of Mechanics Bay, the reclaimed bay in which the station is located.

Proposals have also involved or inferred the return of suburban trains to The Strand, though this would entail moving the station further east or building new platforms on the tracks between Quay Park Junction and Britomart. In this case Eastern Line trains would call at The Strand/Te Tōangaroa station.


Nicolás Royón


1961 in Germany

# 1961 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 1961 in Germany.

## Incumbents

- President – Heinrich Lübke

- Chancellor – Konrad Adenauer

## Events

- 25 February - Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961

- 23 June - 4 July - 11th Berlin International Film Festival

- 12 August - The construction of the Berlin Wall took place at the heart of the city. In just two weeks, the most important symbol of the Cold War divided the most turbulent city of the 20th Century into two occupation zones: West and East Germany.

- 17 September - West German federal election, 1961

- 14 November - The Fourth Adenauer cabinet, led by Konrad Adenauer, is sworn in.

- Date unknown - The Bark scale is devised by German acoustics scientist Eberhard Zwicker and named after Heinrich Barkhausen who proposes the first subjective measurements of loudness.

## Births

- 24 January — Guido Buchwald, German football player

- 9 January — Petra Thümer, German swimmer

- 5 February — Dietmar Bär, German actor

- 6 February — Malu Dreyer, German politician

- 18 February — Armin Laschet, German politician

- 25 February — Hermann Gröhe, German politician

- 20 March — Maja Maranow, German actress (died 2016)

- 21 March — Lothar Matthäus, German football player and manager

- 19 April — Bernd Stelter, German comedian

- 23 April — Dirk Bach, German actor (died 2012)

- 29 April — Prince Heinrich of Hanover, German historian and publisher

- 6 May — Patty Ryan, German singer

- 7 May — Hans-Peter Bartels, German politician

- 8 May — Andrea Pollack, German swimmer

- 14 May Ulrike Folkerts, German actress Urban Priol, German comedian

- Ulrike Folkerts, German actress

- Urban Priol, German comedian

- 6 June — Anke Behmer, German athlete

- 12 June — Hannelore Kraft, German politician

- 29 June — Jörg Meuthen, German politician

- 15 August — Dietmar Mögenburg, German high jumper

- 7 September — Jochen Horst, German actor

- 10 September — Uwe Freimuth, German decathlete

- 12 September — Kirsten Fehrs, German Lutheran bishop

- 14 September — Martina Gedeck, German actress

- 15 September Hendrikje Fitz, German actress (died 2016) Frank Emmelmann, German sprinter

- Hendrikje Fitz, German actress (died 2016)

- Frank Emmelmann, German sprinter

- 23 September — Manfred Schiller, German politician

- 22 October — Dietmar Woidke, German politician

- 17 November — Wolfram Wuttke, German footballer (died 2015)

- 2 December — Gaby Köster, German comedian

- 12 December — Jan Stressenreuter, German author (died 2018)

- 26 December — Jörg Schüttauf, German actor

- 27 December — Guido Westerwelle, politician (died 2016)

## Deaths

- 2 January — Walter Hörnlein, Wehrmacht general and Knight's Cross recipient (born 1893)

- 4 February — Heinz Lord, German-American surgeon (born 1917)

- 26 February — Karl Albiker, German sculptor, lithographer and arts professor (born 1878)

- 12 March — Hedwig Wangel, German actress (born 1875)

- 24 April — Hans-Friedrich Blunck, German jurist and writer (born 1888)

- 7 May — Jakob Kaiser, German politician and resistance leader (born 1888)

- 30 May - Werner Richard Heymann, German film composer (born 1896)

- 7 June — Karl Henry von Wiegand, German born American journalist and war correspondent (born 1874)

- 22 July — Georg Rosen, German diplomat (born 1895)

- 23 July — Rudolf Katz, German politician and judge (born 1895)

- 5 August — Hanns Seidel, German politician (born 1901)

- 23 August — Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I naval aviator and fighter ace (b. 1891)

- 10 September — Wolfgang von Trips, German racing driver (born 1928)

- 18 October - Wilhelm Boden, German politician (born 1890)

- 21 October - Karl Korsch, German politician (born 1886)

- 25 October — Werner Willikens, German Imperial officer and Nazi public servant (born 1893)

- 26 October — Fritz Lang, German painter (born 1877)

- 7 November — Augustin Rösch, German Catholic priest (born 1893)

- 30 November — Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, German scientist (born 1899)

- 21 December — Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf, German politician (born 1893)

- 23 December — Kurt Meyer, German Generalmajor der Waffen-SS and war criminal (born 1910)

- 25 December — Otto Loewi, pharmacologist and psychobiologist (born 1873)


Badge (song)

# Badge (song)

## Abstract

" Badge " is a song written by Eric Clapton and George Harrison, and recorded by British rock music group Cream on their final album, Goodbye. Also issued as a single in March 1969, "Badge" peaked at number 18 in the UK Singles Chart and number 60 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

## Composition

"Badge" was originally an untitled track. During the production transfer for the album Goodbye, the original music sheet was used to produce the liner notes and track listing. The only discernible word on the page was " bridge " (indicating the song's bridge section). Due to Harrison's handwriting, however, Clapton misread it as "badge"—and the song was thus titled soon thereafter.

Harrison remembered the story thus:"I helped Eric write "Badge" you know. Each of them had to come up with a song for that Goodbye Cream album and Eric didn't have his written. We were working across from each other and I was writing the lyrics down and we came to the middle part so I wrote 'Bridge.' Eric read it upside down and cracked up laughing – 'What's BADGE?' he said. After that, Ringo walked in drunk and gave us that line about the swans living in the park."

Common legends or misconceptions are that the name came about because its chord progression was B–A–D–G–E (which is not true) or simply because the notation of a guitar 's standard tuning (E–A–D–G–B–E) can be arranged to spell "Badge".

Harrison was present on 21 November 1968 at Wally Heider Studios in Hollywood where the track was recorded, adding rhythm guitar, although for contractual reasons he was credited as "L'Angelo Misterioso" on the Goodbye sleeve. The song received later overdubs (without Harrison present) at IBC Studios a month later.

## Reception

Cash Box said "More subdued drumming and almost conventional instrumental work show the Cream in a new light, one which should have a tremendous impact on listeners of cleaner-cut rock who may not have been into the blues outings that hit earlier." Billboard called it an "easy beat, driving rocker."

## Writing and publishing credits

In the US, Atco Records ' initial releases of Goodbye and of "Badge" as a single gave the song's writing credit to Clapton alone, with publishing credit to Robert Stigwood 's company Casserole (BMI). Atco later corrected this in 1969 with the release of Best of Cream, which lists both Clapton and Harrison as the song's authors. The UK single of "Badge" released by Polydor Records gave writing credit to both Clapton and Harrison, with publishing credit going to Dratleaf and Harrisongs Ltd. Since the early 1990s the writing credit has been listed as Clapton/Harrison with publishing credit going to E.C. Music, Ltd. and Harrisongs.

## Personnel

### Cream

- Eric Clapton – vocals, lead guitar

- Jack Bruce – bass guitar

- Ginger Baker – drums

### Additional personnel

- George Harrison (credited, for contractual reasons, as "L'Angelo Misterioso") – rhythm guitar

- Felix Pappalardi – piano, mellotron


Limia

# Limia

## Abstract

Limia is a genus of livebearing fishes belonging to the Cyprinodontiform family Poeciliidae, which includes other livebearers such as platys, swordtails (genus Xiphophorous), guppies and mollies (genus Poecilia). They are found in fresh and brackish water. Of the 22 described Limia species, 17 are endemic to Hispaniola, one is found on both Hispaniola and Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Venezuela have an endemic species each. Limia are popular in aquaria among more advanced hobbyists.

## Taxonomy

The genus Limia belongs to Poecilidae, the most abundant and species-rich family of freshwater fish on the Antilles. Other Poecilidae genera found on the Antilles include Poecilia, Gambusia, and the endemic genera Girardinus and Quintana. Limia, however, is represented on the islands by more species than any other poeciliid genus, with 22 currently known from Cuba, Grand Cayman Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Cuba, Grand Cayman, and Jamaica each have one endemic species: L. vittata, L. caymanensis, and L. melanogaster, respectively. The rest are found exclusively on Hispaniola, making the island a center of endemism for the genus. Their distribution on Hispaniola indicates a evolutionary radiation from Lake Miragoâne on the Tiburon Peninsula in particular. Nine species endemic to the lake having been described: L. fuscomaculata, L. garnieri, L. grossidens, L. immaculata, L. islai, L. mandibularis, L. miragoanensis, L. nigrofasciata, and L. ornata.

### Evolution and phylogeny

Most recent studies about the origin of limias conclude that the genus reached the Antilles islands through oceanic dispersal or vicariance. GAARlandia, a hypothesized land bridge connecting the area of the modern islands to the South American mainland during the Eocene–Oligocene transition, might have enabled the fish to colonize the Antilles through a combination of dispersal, vicariance, and island hopping. Limia ancestors are unlikely to have arrived exclusively over land, however, because Limia and all other native Antillean species are tolerant of saltwater; if a land bridge had been sufficient, intolerant species would have also colonized the islands.

Limia forms a clade with Pamphorichthys, Mollienesia, Micropoecilia, and Poecilia. Some authorities advocate for all of these taxa to be considered seperate genera, while others maintain that some or all of them should be treated as subgenera of the genus Poecilia. The sister clade to Limia is the one formed by the Hispaniolan Poecilia species P. elegans, P. dominicensis, and P. hispaniolana; all three have been found to be more closely related to Limia than to other Poecilia species, adding to the uncertainty in the taxonomic designations of Poecilia. Limia and the Hispaniolan Poecilia species diverged from Pamphorichthys during the Eocene–Oligocene transition.

The first to split off from the other Limia species, near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary, was L. melanogaster, which went on to colonize Jamaica. This was followed by the colonization of the combined Cuba-Hispaniola landmass. When the Windward Passage divided the landmass into the modern islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, the ancestors of L. vittata and L. caymanensis split from the Hispaniolan species.

### Species

Based on the number and shape of teeth and preopercular pores, Rivas separated the Limia species into two subgenera: Limia and Odontolimia. All seven of Odontolimia species are endemic to Lake Miragoâne. One species, Pseudolimia heterandria from Venezuela, was placed in the genus Limia when it was described in 1913, but was moved to its own genus, Pseudolimia, in 2002.

#### Odontolimia

- Limia fuscomaculata Rivas, 1980 (blotched limia)

- Limia garnieri Rivas, 1980 (Garnier's limia)

- Limia grossidens Rivas, 1980 (largetooth limia)

- Limia immaculata Rivas, 1980 (plain limia)

- Limia mandibularis Rodriguez-Silva, Torres-Pineda & Josaphat, 2020 (jawed limia)

- Limia miragoanensis Rivas, 1980 (Miragoane limia)

- Limia ornata Regan, 1913 (ornate limia)

#### Limia

- Limia caymanensis Rivas & W. L. Fink, 1970 (Grand Cayman limia)

- Limia dominicensis (Valenciennes, 1846) (Tiburon Peninsula limia)

- Limia islai, Rodriguez-Silva & Weaver, 2020 (tiger limia)

- Limia melanogaster (Günther, 1866) (blackbelly limia)

- Limia melanonotata Nichols & G. S. Myers, 1923 (blackbanded limia)

- Limia nigrofasciata Regan, 1913 (black-barred limia)

- Limia pauciradiata Rivas, 1980 (few-rayed limia)

- Limia perugiae (Evermann & H. W. Clark, 1906) (Perugia's limia)

- Limia rivasi L. R. Franz & G. H. Burgess, 1983 (Rivas's limia)

- Limia sulphurophila Rivas, 1980 (sulfur limia)

- Limia tridens (Hilgendorf, 1889)

- Limia versicolor (Günther, 1866) (varicolored limia)

- Limia vittata (Guichenot, 1853) (Cuban limia)

- Limia yaguajali Rivas, 1980 (Yaguajal limia)

- Limia zonata (Nichols, 1915) (striped limia)

## Ecology

Most Limia species inhabit inland waters such as rivers, springs, and lakes. Some are confined to relatively cool mountain streams. While most are found in freshwater habitats, some species inhabit karst environments high in dissolved inorganic salts or in saline lakes. A few are even found in hypersaline coastal lagoons.

Most Limia species prefer to feed on detritus and algae, with some Hispanionalan species, such as L. nigrofasciata, showing a specialization in detrivory. A trend towards a limnivore diet has also been recorded in the genus. Widespread species such as L. perugiae, L. versicolor, and L. zonata have been found to have a more generalized diet, which (especially in the wet season) includes aquatic invertebrates.

## Reproduction

Limias are livebearers. Courtship display may have evolved on two separate occasions in the genus.

## Hybrids

Fertile hybrids have been obtained between L. melanogaster and both L. nigrofasciata and L. vittata.

John Dawes in the UK, in his book Livebearing Fishes, reported a L. melanogaster x L. nigrofasciata hybrid male has been mated to female green sailfin molly. Two hybrid fry were obtained, one was raised to maturity, ending up as a molly-like fish swimming with its head up at an angle of 45 degrees and was unable to maintain an even keel. This hybrid fails to inseminate molly females provided and no further hybrid offspring resulted.


Kalan Masjid

# Kalan Masjid

## Abstract

Kalan Masjid, or Kalan Mosque is a 14th-century mosque in Delhi, India.

## Etymology

The mosque is titled Kalan Masjid, meaning chief mosque. It is also known as Kali Masjid, or black mosque, although this may also be a corruption of the word Kalan.

## History

The mosque was commissioned by Khan-i-Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.

## Description

The mosque is built out of sandstone. It is an oblong structure, measuring 140 feet (43 m) in length and 120 feet (37 m) in breadth. It has two stories, with a total height of 66 feet (20 m).

A flight of steps leads to the doorway on the first story through which the mosque is to be entered. The doorway is surmounted by a low dome, which is flanked by two conical columns. Over the doorway is a marble slab on which there is an inscription in the Naskh script. The inscription describes the date of completion of the mosque, and that it was constructed by Khan Jahan during the reign of Firuz Shah.

The mosque has a square plan, and is divided into four quadrants.


1967 in Germany

# 1967 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 1967 in Germany.

## Incumbents

- President – Heinrich Lübke

- Chancellor – Kurt Georg Kiesinger

## Events

- Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967

- April 22 - The Free Socialist Party/Marxist-Leninists political party is founded.

- June 23 - July 4 - 17th Berlin International Film Festival

- July 2 - East German general election, 1967

- September 29 - The electronic music group Tangerine Dream was founded by Edgar Froese in West-Berlin.

- Date unknown - In 1967, a majority share of the German company Braun AG was acquired by the Boston, Massachusetts-based conglomerate Gillette Group.

- Date unknown - The first hydraulic breaker "Hydraulikhammer HM 400" was invented by German company Krupp.

## Births

- January 5 - Markus Söder, German politician

- January 20 - Wigald Boning, German actor, singer, writer and television presenter

- January 25 - Nicole Uphoff, German equestrian

- February 15 - Jan Hecker, German lawyer and diplomat (died 2021)

- March 8 - Udo Quellmalz, German judoka

- March 20 - Stephan Kampwirth, German actress

- April 7 - Alex Christensen, German singer, DJ and composer

- April 20 - Ingo Appelt, German comedian

- April 25 – Georg Maier, German politician

- May 10 - Antje Harvey, German cross country skier and biathlete

- May 14 - Tillmann Uhrmacher, German DJ, musician and radio host (died 2011)

- May 15 - Andrea Jürgens, German singer (died 2017)

- May 23 - Wotan Wilke Möhring, German actor

- May 27 - Kai Pflaume, German television presenter

- June 4 - Marcus Weinberg, German politician

- June 16 - Jürgen Klopp, German football manager

- June 24 Michael Kessler, German actor and comedian Richard Kruspe, German musician

- Michael Kessler, German actor and comedian

- Richard Kruspe, German musician

- June 28 - Lars Riedel, German discus thrower

- June 30 - Silke Renk, German javelin thrower

- July 1 - Peter Plate, German singer

- July 28 - Jakob Augstein, German journalist

- August 25 - Eckart von Hirschhausen, German physician and television presenter

- September 5 - Matthias Sammer, German football player

- September 7 - Natalia Wörner, German actress

- September 21 - Vera Int-Veen, Gernab television presenter

- September 25 - Armin Baumgarten, German painter and sculptor

- September 28 - Steffen Zesner, German swimmer

- October 4 - Steffen Grosse, German politician

- October 19 - Alexander Ebner, German social scientist and university professor

- October 27 - Natascha Kohnen, German politician

- October 28 - Martin Brambach, German actor

- November 22 - Boris Becker, German tennis player

- November 7 - Olaf Schubert, German comedian

## Deaths

- January 7 - Carl Schuricht, German conductor (born 1880)

- January 11 - Wolfgang Zeller, German composer (born 1893)

- January 29 - Marten von Barnekow, German equestrian (born 1900)

- January 31 - F. K. Otto Dibelius, German bishop of the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (born 1880)

- February 28 — Gerhard Roßbach, German Freikorps leader and paramilitary (born 1893)

- March 29 - Fritz Schäffer, German politician (born 1888)

- April 19 — Konrad Adenauer, German politician, former Chancellor of Germany (born 1876)

- May 9 — Oskar Hergt, German politician (born 1869)

- May 27 - Paul Henckels, German actor (born 1885)

- June 2 — Benno Ohnesorg, German student (born 1940)

- July 9 - Eugen Fischer, German physician (born 1874)

- July 21 - Thomas Dehler, German politician (born 1897)

- July 30 - Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, German industrialist (born 1907)

- 28 August — Christian Stock, German politician (born 1884)

- 31 August - Trude Hesterberg, German actress (born 1892)

- 27 October - Theodor Steltzer, German politician (born 1885)

- 30 November - Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 1896)

- 30 November - Heinz Tietjen, German conductor (born 1881)


Kristinne Grigoryan

# Kristinne Grigoryan

## Abstract

Kristinne Grigoryan (Armenian: Քրիստինե Գրիգորյան, born August 27, 1981) is an Armenian human rights lawyer and intelligence officer who serves as head of the Armenian Foreign Intelligence Service (FIS). She previously served as Deputy Minister of Justice and as the country's Human Rights Defender.

## Biography

Kristinne Grigoryan was born on August 27, 1981, in the town of Sevan, in Gegharkunik Province. She attended Yerevan State University, receiving her bachelor's degree in Oriental Studies in 2002, and a master's degree in the same subject in 2006. In 2008, she graduated from the law school of Northern University in Yerevan.

## Career

From 2004 at the completion of her undergraduate studies through 2009, Grigoryan worked as a legislative staffer in the National Assembly (NA) of Armenia in the Department of Legislative Analysis and Development. From March to October 2009, she was a translator-lawyer for the Assembly's Department of External Relations. Between 2009 and 2011, Grigoryan moved to serve as a Legal Aide to the Chief of Staff of the National Assembly. An aide to a member of parliament (2011–2014) and an Assistant to the NA Chairman on legal affairs (2012–2014), she led a team as part of the USAID -funded program "Support to the Development of Institutional Capacities of the National Assembly of Armenia" between 2014 and 2015. From 2015 to 2018, Grigoryan headed the Department of International Legal Cooperation at the staff of the Ministry of Justice. After the 2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution, she served as an advisor to Ararat Mirzoyan, the First Deputy Prime Minister at the time. On 3 July 2018, Grigoryan was appointed a Deputy Minister of Justice by the prime minister.

On 24 January 2022, the National Assembly elected her as the Human Rights Defender of Armenia. She stepped down from office on 23 January 2023, citing promotion to a new office as the reason behind her decision.

## Intelligence career

On 4 October 2023, Kristinne Grigoryan was publicly appointed the first chief of Armenia's civilian-led Foreign Intelligence Service by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan. Grigoryan is widely rumored to have received training in leadership and tradecraft in the West prior to taking office, reportedly with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and/or British MI6. Senior officials from both services including the heads of the respective agencies, Bill Burns and Richard Moore, visited Yerevan repeatedly around the time of the agency's 2022 establishment. Burns and his deputy David S. Cohen since visited again in 2024, and Moore met privately with Prime Minister Pashinyan at the Munich Security Conference in 2023.

## Personal life

Grigoryan is nonpartisan member of the civil service. She is a skilled linguist, speaking six languages: Armenian, Russian, English, French, German and Arabic. She is unmarried.


1950 in Germany

# 1950 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 1950 in West Germany and East Germany.

## Incumbents

### West Germany

- President – Theodor Heuss

- Chancellor – Konrad Adenauer

### East Germany

- First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party – Walter Ulbricht

- President – Wilhelm Pieck

- Minister-President – Otto Grotewohl

## Events

- April 30 - The last Ration stamps (for sugar) expire in West Germany; In the GDR, food stamps were still in use until 1958.

- June 5 - German broadcaster ARD started.

- July 6 - Treaty of Zgorzelec was signed between the Republic of Poland and East Germany (GDR).

- July 19 - The Central Council of Jews in Germany is founded.

- August 5 - Publication of the Charter of German Expellees.

- September 7 - Schwarzwaldmädel, the first German color film after the end of the war, premieres in Stuttgart. It ushers in an era of local film in West Germany.

- September 19 - Auf der Außenministerkonferenz der drei Westmächte in New York wird die Bundesregierung in Bonn als einzige „freie und gesetzlich konstituierte“ Regierung Deutschlands anerkannt.

- October 5-9 - Himmerod memorandum

- October 19 - East German general election, 1950

## Births

- January 9 - Rio Reiser, singer (died 1996)

- January 21 - Marion Becker, athlete

- January 22 - Werner Schulz, politician (died 2022)

- January 27 - Ulrich Deppendorf, journalist

- January 30 - Reinhold Kauder, canoeist

- February 2 - Barbara Sukowa, actress

- February 8 - Manfred Milinski, biologist

- March 6 - Felix Genn, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church

- March 22 - Hugo Egon Balder, actor and comedian

- March 22 - Herman Weigel, German film producer

- April 25 - Peter Hintze, German politician (died 2016)

- April 30 - Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt, German judge

- May 12 - Renate Stecher, athlete

- May 16 - Georg Bednorz, physicist

- May 18 - Thomas Gottschalk, actor and television presenter

- May 26 - Werner Bergmann, sociologist

- June 16 - Klaus Lage, singer

- June 21 - Ferdinand Kirchhof, judge

- June 20 - Gudrun Landgrebe, actress

- July 7 - Gerda Hasselfeldt, politician

- July 27 - David Storl, track and field athlete who specialises in the shot put

- August 5 - Rosi Mittermaier, alpine ski racer (died 2023)

- August 12 – Iris Berben, actress

- September 2 - Michael Rother, musician

- September 23 - Dietmar Lorenz, judoka

- October 13 - Annegret Richter, athlete

- October 28 - Annette Humpe, singer

- November 10 - Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller, historian

- November 17 - Roland Matthes, swimmer

- November 28 - Hans Fassnacht, swimmer

## Deaths

- 8 February - Arthur Kampf, German painter (born 1864)

- 9 February - Franz Justus Rarkowski, German bishop of Roman-Catholic Church (born 1873)

- 12 February — Max Beckmann, German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor and writer (born 1884)

- 3 March - Eugen Klöpfer, German actor (born 1886)

- 11 March - Heinrich Mann, German writer (born 1871)

- 3 April - Kurt Weill, German composer (born 1900)

- 22 April - Günther Rüdel, German general (born 1883)

- 27 April — Karl Straube, German organist (born 1873)

- 2 May — Paul Eugen Sieg, physicist and writer (born 1899)

- 3 May — August Marahrens, German Protestant bishop who served as Landesbischof of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover (born 1875)

- 29 May — Wilhelm Bendow, German actor (born 1884)

- 29 June — Melitta Bentz, German inventor and entrepreneur (born 1873)

- 1 September - Fritz Kampers, German actor (born 1891)

- 10 October - Josef Straßberger, German weightlifter (born 1894)

- 1 November - Heinrich Tessenow, German architect (born 1876)

- 2 November - Kurt Schmitt, German economic leader and the Reich Economy Minister (born 1886)

- 8 November — Carl Wilhelm Erich Zimmer, German zoologist (born (1873)

- 30 November - Werner Haase, German surgeon (born 1900)

- 21 December - Konrad von Preysing, German prelate of Roman-Catholic Church (born 1880)

- 27 December — Max Beckmann, German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor and writer (born 1884)


1971 in Greece

# 1971 in Greece

## Abstract

The following lists events that happened during 1971 in Greece.

## Incumbents

- Monarch: Constantine II

- Regent: Georgios Zoitakis

- Prime Minister: Georgios Papadopoulos

## Births

- 13 December – Sakis Arnaoutoglou, politician

## Events

### December

- December 15 – The 1971 Intercontinental Cup took place in Greece.

### Date unknown

- Greece resumed diplomatic relations with Albania.


A. Alan Post

# A. Alan Post

## Abstract

August Alan Post (September 17, 1914 – March 26, 2011) worked for 28 years (1949–1977) as California's legislative analyst.

## Early life and education

Post was born on September 17, 1914, in Alhambra in Los Angeles County, California, the second of four children of developer Edwin Post and teacher Edna. The family initially grew up in South Pasadena and moved to Lancaster during the Great Depression.

Post received his undergraduate education at Occidental College in economics and art, earning his degrees in 1938. He also learned painting from the Chouinard Institute of the Arts in Los Angeles, California. He started work on his Ph.D. in economics at Princeton University but left before completing, to go teach economics at Occidental College. While at Princeton, he also married Helen Wills, a painter, and sculptor, and sold his first painting.

## Career

### Till 1949

Post served in the U.S. Navy in World War II, from 1943 to 1944.

Post briefly worked for the State Department and in Utah, and in 1946 arrived in Sacramento, California to work as the chief economic and administrative analyst for the legislature's joint budget committee.

### California's Legislative Analyst (1949–1977)

In 1949, after the then legislative auditor Rolland Vandegrift died, he became acting legislative auditor, heading California Legislative Analyst's Office. The role name was later changed to "legislative analyst".

Post's work as legislative analyst largely involved providing recommendations about the state budget, and he was supposed to perform his role in an independent, nonpartisan, fact-driven manner. Post's work was praised by a number of politicians whose tenure overlapped with his, including Jerry Brown (California Governor) and Willie Brown (San Francisco Mayor) although he also had conflicts with some politicians, including California Governor Ronald Reagan.

Although primarily focused on the budget, Post also dealt with a number of other issues. For instance, in 1972, after controversy arose over the safety of the Bay Area Rapid Transit, he commenced an investigation, hiring Bill Wattenburg as a consultant (see history of Bay Area Rapid Transit#Train-control failures for more information).

In 1974, Post was interviewed for the Earl Warren Oral History Project.

In 1977, Post retired from his job, and was succeeded by William G. Hamm.

### Later life

After retirement from the Legislative Analyst's Office, Post continued to serve in various capacities on state commissions. In 1992, he wrote a report critical of executive compensation in the University of California system.

Post was one of the founding directors of the Public Policy Institute of California, that was founded in 1994.

## Awards and recognition

In 2000, the California Journal named Post one of California's 30 most influential public figures of the 20th century, along with Ronald Reagan, Hiram Johnson, Pat Brown, Jerry Brown, and others.

In 2007, Post received the League of California Cities Past Presidents’ Lifetime Achievement Award during the closing session of the league's annual conference in Sacramento.

## Death

Post died in Sacramento, California, on March 26, 2011, at age 96. He was pre-deceased by his wife Helen, who had died in 2010.


1980 in Greece

# 1980 in Greece

## Abstract

The following is a list of events that occurred in the year 1980 in Greece.

## Births

- 28 February – Kyriaki Papanikolaou, artistic gymnast

- 2 March – Evangelia Sotiriou, rhythmic gymnast

- 23 April – Georgia-Anastasia Tembou, artistic gymnast

- 8 September – Kyriaki Firinidou, artistic gymnast

- 29 October – Vasiliki Tsavdaridou, artistic gymnast

- 27 November – Konstantina Margariti, artistic gymnast


Maureen Milgram Forrest

# Maureen Milgram Forrest

## Abstract

Maureen Milgram Forrest (1 February 1938 - 1 March 2013) was a British co-founder of LeicesterHERday Trust and the original project director for the BRIT School in Croydon, London. She was also known as Lillian Maureen Bernice Forrest. She was born in London, England on 1 February 1938 and died in Victoria, British Columbia, on 1 March 2013.

## Life

Born in London in 1938, Maureen emigrated to Toronto with her parents in the 1950s. She attended the University of Toronto, gaining a graduate degree in Leisure Service Administration. She later moved to Victoria, British Columbia, where she produced the musical The Wonder of it All at the Royal British Columbia Museum. In 1987 she was awarded Victoria's Woman of the Year.

She returned to live in England in the late 1980s, where she was initially employed by the Leicester Mercury newspaper. She was director of the Ken Chamberlain Trust.

In the late 1990s she was artistic director and chief executive of the Brewhouse Arts Centre in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire.

In 2009 Forrest was a judge for the Leicester First award, and presented it to Stuart Berry at the Walkers Stadium along with footballer Alan Birchenall.

She moved back to Victoria in 2010. That year she was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise Promotion.

## Works

- The INA Carlyle Winners of the Poetry Digest Love Poetry Competition 1994 (ed) (With Alan Forrest) ISBN 978-1-85473-012-1


Kalan Masjid


Andy Brickley

# Andy Brickley

## Abstract

Andrew Brickley (born August 9, 1961) is an American former professional hockey player, who spent 14 seasons playing in the National Hockey League, American Hockey League, and the International Hockey League. He currently serves as the color commentator for the Boston Bruins on the New England Sports Network.

## Playing career

### Amateur

As a youth, Brickley played in the 1974 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Melrose, Massachusetts.

Brickley played for the University of New Hampshire Wildcats from 1979 to 1982. In 93 games for the Wildcats, Brickley scored 68 goals with 69 assists for a total of 137 points. He led the Wildcats to the NCAA Final Four in 1982 and was named first team NCAA All-American the same year.

### Professional

Brickley was drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers with the last overall pick in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft, eventually becoming the second player, after Gerry Meehan, to play in the NHL after being drafted last overall. Brickley first appeared with the Flyers during the 1982–83 season.

In October 1983, the Flyers traded Brickley to the Pittsburgh Penguins with Ron Flockhart, Mark Taylor, and two 1984 draft picks in exchange for Rich Sutter and two 1984 draft picks. Brickley played a total of 95 games for the Penguins over two seasons, totaling 25 goals and 35 assists. He was briefly demoted to the Baltimore Skipjacks of the American Hockey League (AHL) after he was caught breaking curfew with teammate Mike Bullard in Montreal.

The New Jersey Devils acquired Brickley in 1985 and sent him to the Maine Mariners for the 1985–86 season. In 60 games, he collected 26 goals and 34 assists, giving him the fourth-most points on the team. He made his debut with the Devils in 1986 and appeared in a total of 96 games in two seasons, collecting 19 goals and 26 assists. In 1987, he took a puck off his face in a game in Chicago, losing five teeth and getting 30 stitches, the first time in his career he would be injured that way. Brickley was placed on waivers following the 1987–88 NHL season and left unprotected by the Devils in the 1988 NHL Waiver Draft, although the team demoted him to the Utica Devils in an effort to "hide" him and hold onto him for an additional season. The Boston Bruins picked Brickley up in the waiver draft.

Brickley played in 71 games with the Bruins in the 1988–89 NHL season, with 13 goals and 22 assists. In addition to his natural position at left wing, he played center and right wing frequently, filling in any position needed by Bruins coach Terry O'Reilly, a trend that continued the following season under Mike Milbury. On December 5, 1988, Brickley took another puck off his face, this time receiving credit for a goal after a Ray Bourque slapshot bounced off his face and into the goal. The injury required five stitches.

Brickley was on his way to the best season of his career in 1989–90 before being struck down by injuries. He scored his first goal of the season on October 26, 1989, against the Quebec Nordiques. On November 18, he collected his first career hat trick against the Devils, his former team. Brickley said of the occasion, "Whenever I can score against New Jersey, it is that much sweeter... I wanted to show them they made a mistake." Just days later, Brickley suffered an injury that severely hindered his ability to walk. In January, he pulled a muscle in his thigh and missed a week's worth of games. 43 games into the season, after totalling a career-high 40 points, Brickley was sidelined again when doctors discovered that a muscle in his right leg was calcifying, a condition known as myositis ossificans. Despite the injury and extended time out of action, Brickley was allowed to briefly play in Game 3 of the Stanley Cup Finals by Milbury.

Brickley had leg surgery on July 17, 1990 and missed all of training camp. The Bruins placed Brickley on waivers that December after he struggled to return to form. Brickley reported to the Maine Mariners, now Boston's affiliate, after going unclaimed. He expressed a desire to remain with the Bruins organization, mixed with uncertainty: "They say they're concerned about my game shape. Well, if they're concerned about that, why not send me down for the two-week conditioning period? Instead, they put me on irrevocable waivers. It really makes me wonder what my future is in the Bruins organization." Brickley went on a tear with the Mariners, collecting 25 points in 17 games and earning a brief recall to Boston, finishing the season with 2 goals and 9 assists in 40 NHL games, before injuring his shoulder in February.

Brickley began the 1991–92 season in Maine, cut out of training camp in September. He did well with the Mariners and was named team captain out of training camp before rejoining the Bruins in October. He proved his value after being recalled, with 19 points in his first 11 games, including making 8 goals on 15 shots in that span before suffering a shoulder injury in a game against the Hartford Whalers in November, which turned out to be a torn rotator cuff requiring surgery. He remained sidelined until February, first appearing in a charity skills competition with his teammates (and winning the shooting accuracy contest) and then returning to the lineup in mid-February against the St. Louis Blues. Still struggling late in the season, the Bruins eventually returned Brickley and other veterans to Maine, favoring youth over experience, and eventually cutting ties with them all after the season ended.

After being released by Boston, Brickley signed a two-way contract with the Winnipeg Jets, and began the season with the AHL's Moncton Hawks. After about three weeks in the AHL, the Jets recalled Brickley for an eleven-game stretch in which he scored two points. Brickley played one more regular season game for the Jets, plus one playoff game in which he collected a goal and an assist. While playing for the Hawks that season, however, Brickley collected 15 goals and 36 assists in 38 games. Brickley appeared in just two games for Winnipeg the following season, but continued to have success in the AHL. He played in barely more than half of the Hawks' first 56 games while recovering from another rotator cuff injury, but following his brief two-game callup with the Jets, he led the league in shooting at 26.7 percent and collected four assists in a single game against Fredericton the night after scoring the game-tying goal with four seconds remaining in regulation.

For the 1994–95 NHL season, Brickley joined the New York Islanders, but never appeared in a game for them. Instead, he was assigned to the International Hockey League 's Denver Grizzlies, missing the first month and a half of the season with knee trouble. He returned to score 50 points in 58 games with the Grizzlies and led them to the Turner Cup for the first of two consecutive seasons. He played his final game with the Grizzlies in 1996 before retiring.

Years later, Brickley said of his career, "My story is a good one. I was always a B team player growing up. A walk-on through college and I finally got an opportunity because I stayed with it. I was the NHL's version of Mr. Irrelevant and I happily played 13 years."

## Broadcasting career

Brickley's first experience as a broadcaster came when he was with the Grizzlies, participating in broadcasts while he was injured.

WBZ Radio hired Brickley in 1996 to replace Barry Pederson as the color commentator on Bruins radio broadcasts. In 1997, UPN 38 selected Brickley as Derek Sanderson 's replacement on Bruins television broadcasts. He joined NESN in 2000, initially working primarily road games with broadcaster Dave Shea. Beginning with the 2005–06 season, Brickley called all games, doing the road games with Jack Edwards and the home games with Dale Arnold. Since the 2007–08 season, he and Edwards have called all of NESN's Bruins telecasts. Brickley also did color commentary for Versus, and has occasionally done the same with NBCSN for their televised NHL games as a guest commentator.

Brickley is known for using the phrase "get their skating game going" when the Bruins are mired in a stretch of lackluster play.

## Personal life

Brickley currently resides in Hingham, Massachusetts, with his wife and two daughters. Diane Brickley is on the board of directors for Good Sports, an organization that donates sporting goods to community organizations that offer sports programs to disadvantaged youths.

Brickley has a history of athletic prowess in his family. His grandfather, George Brickley, played for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1913. His great-uncle was college football player and coach Charles Brickley. His younger brother Quintin, also played hockey for the University of New Hampshire. His nephew Connor Brickley played for the University of Vermont and was selected to play with Team USA at the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

His nephew Daniel Brickley also plays ice hockey.


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.

## Discography