Omeljan Pritsak

# Omeljan Pritsak

## Abstract

Omeljan Yosypovych Pritsak (Ukrainian: Омелян Йосипович Пріцак; 7 April 1919 – 29 May 2006) was the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University and the founder and first director (1973–1989) of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.

## Career

From 1921 till 1936 he lived in Ternopil, where he graduated the state Polish gymnasium. Pritsak began his academic career at the University of Lviv in interwar Poland where he studied Middle Eastern languages under local orientalists and became associated with the Shevchenko Scientific Society and attended its seminar on Ukrainian history led by Ivan Krypiakevych. After the Soviet annexation of Galicia, he moved to Kyiv where he briefly studied with the premier Ukrainian orientalist, Ahatanhel Krymsky. During World War II, Pritsak was taken to the west as a Ostarbeiter. Following the war, he studied at the universities in Berlin and Göttingen, receiving a doctorate from the latter, before teaching at the University of Hamburg.

During his European period Pritsak initiated the establishment of the International Association of Ural – Altaic Studies. In 1958–1965 he served as its President and Editor-in-Chief of the Ural–Altaische Jahrbücher in 1954–1960.

In the 1960s, he moved to the United States, where he taught at the University of Washington for a while, before moving to Harvard at the invitation of the prominent linguist, Roman Jakobson, who was interested in proving the authenticity of the twelfth century " Song of Igor " through the use of oriental sources.

In 1973 he founded the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard. Two years later he became the first Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History (1975). In 1977 he started the journal, Harvard Ukrainian Studies.

In 1988 he cofounded the International Association of Ukrainianists, established in Naples and became its Executive Board member and Head of Archeographic Commission.

In 1989, he retired from his Harvard professorship. After the emergence of an independent Ukraine in 1991, Pritsak returned to Kyiv where he founded the Oriental Institute of the National Academy of Sciences and became its first Director (since 1999 – Honorary Director). Also he re-established the journal Skhidnyi svit (The World of the Orient). Pritsak spent his final years back in the United States and died in Boston at the age of 87.

## Main interests

Pritsak was a medievalist who specialized in the use of oriental, especially Turkic, sources for the history of Kievan Rus', early modern Ukraine, and the European Steppe region. He was also a student of Old Norse and was familiar with Scandinavian sources for the history of Kievan Rus'. His magnum opus, The Origin of Rus', only one volume of which has appeared in English (1981), inclines toward, but does not totally adopt, a Normanist interpretation of Rus' origins. He saw Kievan Rus' as a multi-ethnic polity.

In addition to the early Rus', Pritsak's works focused on Eurasian nomads and steppe empires such as those created by the Bulgars, Khazars, Pechenegs, and Kipchaks. However, he firmly rejected the "Eurasian" approach to Ukrainian and Russian history and would have nothing to do with its Russian nationalist postulates.

## Ukrainian historian

Unlike his predecessors Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Dmytro Doroshenko, and Ivan Krypiakevych, who wrote national histories or histories of the Ukrainian people, Pritsak followed the Ukrainian historian of Polish background, Vyacheslav Lypynsky, in proposing the ideal of writing a "territorialist" history of Ukraine that would include the Polish, Turkic, and other peoples who have inhabited the country from ancient times. This idea was later taken up by his younger contemporary Paul Robert Magocsi, who was for some time an associate of the Harvard Ukrainian Institute.

Pritsak sought to improve quality and extent of Ukrainian studies at Harvard University. He supported establishing three different chairs for Ukrainian studies in the university: Ukrainian history, Ukrainian literature and Ukrainian philology.

## Omeljan Pritsak Research Center for Oriental Studies

In 2009 Omeljan Pritsak Research Center for Oriental Studies named in honour of the Professor was founded in 2009. It is based on an extensive library and archive collection of Omeljan Pritsak, which he made a pledge to transfer to Kyiv-Mohyla Academy after his death. The heritage, collected by Omeljan Pritsak for 70 years contains manuscripts, printed editions, publications, historical sources, archival documents and artistic and cultural monuments on philosophy, linguistics, world history, Oriental Studies, Slavic Studies, Scandinavian Studies, archeology, numismatics, philosophy etc. Thus it was brought to the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 2007. Research center as well as the library and the archive collection are now open to the public.

## Politics

Pritsak was a political conservative and during his youth in eastern Galicia under the Polish Republic, and later also during the Cold War was a supporter of the conservative " Hetmanite " or monarchist movement among Ukrainians. This led him to criticize Hrushevsky 's political radicalism and historical populism, although, ironically, he claimed that Hrushevsky's "school" of history was being continued at Harvard. Also during the Cold War, Pritsak became prominent in the movement towards Ukrainian-Jewish reconciliation. Pritsak often was invited to brief Pope John Paul II on developments in Central and Eastern Europe.

## Published works

- The origins of the Old Rus' weights and monetary systems: Two studies in Western Eurasian metrology and numismatics in the seventh to eleventh centuries. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1998.

- From Kievan Rus' to modern Ukraine: Formation of the Ukrainian nation (with Mykhailo Hrushevski and John Stephen Reshetar). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ukrainian Studies Fund, Harvard University, 1984.

- Khazarian Hebrew documents of the tenth century. (with Golb, Norman Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.

- "The Polovcians and Rus'" (Journal Article in Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi), 1982.

- The origin of Rus'. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1981.

- Studies in medieval Eurasian history London: Variorum Reprints, 1981.

- On the writing of history in Kievan Rus. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ukrainian Studies Fund, Harvard University, 1980.

- "The Khazar Kingdom's Conversion to Judaism." (Journal Article in Harvard Ukrainian studies, 1978)

- The Pechenegs: A Case of Social and Economic Transformation (Journal Article in Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi), 1975

- "Two Migratory Movements in the Eurasian Steppe in the 9th-11th Centuries". (Conference Paper in Proceedings : Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Orientalists, New Delhi 1964, Vol. 2)

- The Decline of the Empire of the Oghuz Yabghu (Journal Article in Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States), 1952.

- Die Bulgarische Fürstenliste, Wiesbaden 1955.


Proceratophrys

# Proceratophrys

## Abstract

Proceratophrys is a genus of frogs in the family Odontophrynidae. They are found in eastern and southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and Paraguay, possibly into Bolivia adjacent to the Brazilian border.

## Species

The genus contains 42 species, many of them only recently described:

- Proceratophrys appendiculata (Günther, 1873)

- Proceratophrys ararype Mângia, Koroiva, Nunes, Roberto, Ávila, Sant'Anna, Santana & Garda, 2018

- Proceratophrys avelinoi Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993

- Proceratophrys bagnoi Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-Silva, and Campos, 2013

- Proceratophrys belzebul Dias, Amaro, Carvahlo-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013

- Proceratophrys bigibbosa (Peters, 1872)

- Proceratophrys boiei (Wied-Neuwied, 1824)

- Proceratophrys branti Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-Silva, and Campos, 2013

- Proceratophrys brauni Kwet and Faivovich, 2001

- Proceratophrys carranca Godinho, Moura, Lacerda, and Feio, 2013

- Proceratophrys concavitympanum Giaretta, Bernarde, and Kokubum, 2000

- Proceratophrys cristiceps (Müller, 1883)

- Proceratophrys cururu Eterovick and Sazima, 1998

- Proceratophrys dibernardoi Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-Silva, and Campos, 2013

- Proceratophrys gladius Mângia, Santana, Cruz, and Feio, 2014

- Proceratophrys goyana (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)

- Proceratophrys huntingtoni Ávila, Pansonato, and Strüssmann, 2012

- Proceratophrys itamari Mângia, Santana, Cruz, and Feio, 2014

- Proceratophrys izecksohni Dias, Amaro, Carvahlo-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013

- Proceratophrys kaingang Santana, Mângia, Silva Alves Saccol, and Santos, 2021

- Proceratophrys korekore Santana, Alves da Silva, Sant’Anna, Shepard, and Mângia, 2021

- Proceratophrys laticeps Izecksohn and Peixoto, 1981

- Proceratophrys mantiqueira Mângia, Santana, Cruz, and Feio, 2014

- Proceratophrys melanopogon (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)

- Proceratophrys minuta Napoli, Cruz, Abreu, and Del Grande, 2011

- Proceratophrys moehringi Weygoldt and Peixoto, 1985

- Proceratophrys moratoi (Jim and Caramaschi, 1980)

- Proceratophrys palustris Giaretta and Sazima, 1993

- Proceratophrys paviotii Cruz, Prado, and Izecksohn, 2005

- Proceratophrys phyllostomus Izecksohn, Cruz, and Peixoto, 1999

- Proceratophrys pombali Mângia, Santana, Cruz, and Feio, 2014

- Proceratophrys redacta Teixeira, Amaro, Recoder, Vechio, and Rodrigues, 2012

- Proceratophrys renalis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)

- Proceratophrys rondonae Prado and Pombal, 2008

- Proceratophrys rotundipalpebra Martins and Giaretta, 2013

- Proceratophrys salvatori (Caramaschi, 1996)

- Proceratophrys sanctaritae Cruz and Napoli, 2010

- Proceratophrys schirchi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)

- Proceratophrys strussmannae Ávila, Kawashita-Ribeiro, and Morais, 2011

- Proceratophrys subguttata Izecksohn, Cruz, and Peixoto, 1999

- Proceratophrys tupinamba Prado and Pombal, 2008

- Proceratophrys vielliardi Martins and Giaretta, 2011


Rakim Sanders

# Rakim Sanders

## Abstract

Rakim Sanders (born July 8, 1989) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball with the Boston College Eagles for three seasons, and with the Fairfield Stags, for one season. At a height of 1.96 m (6'5") tall, he played at both the shooting guard and small forward positions, with small forward being his main position.

## High school career

Born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Sanders attended St. Andrew's High School. He was the 2006–07 Gatorade Player of the Year for Rhode Island. In his junior year, he averaged 18.4 points and 5.9 rebounds per game while earning a spot of the all-state first team. He followed this up with another all-state first team spot his senior year, averaging 21.3 points per game and 8.3 rebounds per game while shooting 53 percent from the field. Sanders finished his high school career with 2,432 points.

## College career

### Freshman season

Sanders played right away for the Eagles, playing 28 minutes per game. He averaged 11.3 point, 4.6 rebounds, and 1 steal per game. Sanders struggled at the free throw line, hitting just 46% of his shots. However, he did have his most successful year from beyond the arc, hitting 38% of his threes. On February 14, Sanders had his first double-double, scoring 14 points and adding 12 rebounds against North Carolina State. The Eagles went 14–17, despite winning 10 of their first twelve games.

### Sophomore season

In his sophomore year, Sanders started at small forward alongside BC stars Reggie Jackson and Tyrese Rice. It was the team's most successful year during Sanders' time at BC. The team went 22–12 (9–7 in ACC play), and lost in the first round of the NCAA Tournament to USC. The season was highlighted by an 85–78 win over a North Carolina Tar Heels team that was ranked first in the country and would go on to win that season's National Championship. Sanders had 22 points, 2 blocks, and a game-high 7 steals. Sanders hit two game winning shots for Boston college; one against Virginia Tech and one against Georgia Tech. Sanders had his best year in terms of scoring at BC, averaging 12.9 points per game to go along with 4.4 rebounds per game and 1.6 steals per game. He shared the team's defensive player of the year with forward Corey Raji.

### Junior season

The BC team was hit hard by the graduation of Tyrese Rice entering Sanders' junior year. As a result, the team struggled despite the efforts of Sanders, Jackson, and Raji, finishing 15-16. Sanders averaged 11.3 points, 3.7 rebounds, and 1 steal per game. He elected to transfer at the end of the season following the departure of head coach Al Skinner. Bleacher Report called Sanders "arguably the best player on the Eagles' roster."

### Senior season

Sanders was forced to sit out for a season before playing for Fairfield. He had high expectations entering the year. College Basketball expert Andy Katz said that Sanders had a high chance of making the Wooden Award watchlist. In one season with the Stags, Sanders averaged 16.6 points per game, 8.2 rebounds per game, and 1.4 steals per game. At Fairfield, Sanders gained a reputation as a high I.Q. player. Fairfield coach Sydney Johnson said " plays the game almost like a coach would in terms of how he's trying to put all the pieces together. He's consciously aware of the bigger picture on offense and defense." Sanders eventually led the Stags to the CIT semifinals. he led the team in points and rebounding, while earning first team All Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference and was also named to the All-Jesuit team, honoring the best players from 28 Jesuit universities. His point total of 615 was the second highest in school history, and he also became the first player in school history to score 600 points and grab 300 rebounds in one season. Following the season, Sanders was invited to the Portsmouth Invitational Tournament, where he was named to the all-tournament team, averaging 19.3 points and 8.7 rebounds per game.

## Professional career

### NBA draft

In the 2012 NBA draft, Sanders went undrafted. However, he was signed to play for the Golden State Warriors ' Summer League Team.

### Israel

After failing to catch on with an NBA team, Sanders signed a deal with Maccabi Tel Aviv, who loaned him out to Hapoel Gilboa Galil. In 29 Israeli Premier League games, he averaged 12.6 points, 4.0 rebounds, 1.7 assists, and 1.3 steals per game, while shooting 59.5% on two point field goals and 38.2% on threes. Also, in 15 games in Balkan International Basketball League play, he averaged 13.3 points, 6.3 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 1.3 steals per game.

### Brose Baskets

On August 13, 2013, Sanders signed a two-year contract with the German League team Brose Baskets.

### Olimpia Milano

On November 16, 2015, he signed a contract with Olimpia Milano, and was cleared to play by January, as he was recovering from a wrist injury. He averaged 12.5 points, 3.5 rebounds, 1.2 assists and 1.1 steals per game.

### FC Barcelona

On July 10, 2017, Sanders signed with FC Barcelona.

### Erie BayHawks

For the 2019–20 season, Sanders joined the Erie BayHawks of the G League as a local tryout player. He averaged 5.2 points and 3.5 rebounds per game.

### Changwon LG Sakers

Sanders signed with Changwon LG Sakers of the Korean league on January 14, 2020.

On July 21, 2020, he has signed with Hapoel Be'er Sheva of the Israeli Premier League. However, Sanders opted out of his contract on August 25 due to personal issues.

## Career statistics


List of Hartford Whalers broadcasters

# List of Hartford Whalers broadcasters

## Abstract

Games played by the Hartford Whalers, a professional ice hockey team in Hartford, Connecticut that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997, were broadcast by several radio and television channels. The Whalers moved to North Carolina in 1997, becoming the Carolina Hurricanes.

## Television

## Radio


1886 Brazilian parliamentary election

# 1886 Brazilian parliamentary election

## Abstract

Parliamentary elections were held in the Empire of Brazil on 15 January 1886 to elect members of the 20th legislature of the Chamber of Deputies. These were the third direct elections held after the Saraiva Law was enacted (Law No. 3,029 of 9 January 1881) and the last elections held in the country before the military coup d'état that overthrew emperor Pedro II and installed the Brazilian Republic. The Conservative Party won 103 seats, the Liberal Party won 22, and the Republican Party won none. The chamber was later dissolved on 17 June 1889.

## Results


Paravai Muniyamma

# Paravai Muniyamma

## Abstract

Paravai Muniyamma (25 June 1937 – 29 March 2020) was an Indian folk singer and actress. She got the adjective Paravai as she was born in a village called Paravai in Madurai. She featured in many Tamil films mostly in supporting roles and also worked as a playback singer. Muniyamma also had her own cooking show on Kalaignar TV. She was introduced by music director Vidyasagar in the Tamil film industry.

## Career

Muniyamma pursued her career as a singer by performing at cultural temple functions and also performed around 2,000 stage performances of folk songs in her 60s, which also include shows in London, Singapore and Malaysia on behalf of the Lakshman Sruthi. In an interview with The Hindu in 2004, she once pointed out the fact that her overseas international folk related programmes stand testimony to the fact that human race has a passion towards folk art and culture.

She was approached by several musical directors during her peak, notably by A. R. Rahman to croon a song for the 1995 film Muthu, however she turned down the offer due to unknown reasons. She was also approached by music director Vidyasagar to croon a folk song for the film Dhool (2003) and she accepted the offer. She made her film debut as playback singer with the film Dhool and sang her first film song "Singam Pola Nadanthu Vaaraan" which was well acclaimed by the audience as the song was shot during a fighting sequence. She was eventually cast in a supporting role in the same film by director which also eventually marked her film acting debut at the age of 66. She then appeared in over 50 films, usually playing grandmother roles. The success of the film and the song prompted further acting and singing offers for Muniyamma from the film industry.

After she was hospitalized in 2015, the Tamil film industry helped her, including actors Sivakarthikeyan, Sarathkumar and Vishal. Then, Chief Minister Jayalalithaa helped her under the MGR welfare scheme by arranging 6 lakhs fixed deposit in her name, and actor Dhanush took care of her treatment expenses.

In November 2019, she was rumoured to have died after being critically ill. In February 2020, she came to promote and watch the film Maayanadhi in theatre after a request from actor Abi Saravanan despite being critically ill for years. She was awarded the Kalaimamani in 2019 by the government of Tamil Nadu.

## Filmography

- Dhool (2003)

- Kadhal Sadugudu (2003)

- Unnai Charanadaindhen (2003)

- Kovil (2004)

- Super Da (2004)

- Arivumani (2004)

- En Purushan Ethir Veetu Ponnu (2004)

- Aai (2004)

- Jaisurya (2004)

- Devathaiyai Kanden (2005)

- Kannadi Pookal (2005)

- Thaka Thimi Tha (2005)

- Nenjil (2006)

- Nagareega Komali (2006)

- Suyetchai MLA (2006)

- Pasupathi c/o Rasakkapalayam (2007)

- Sandai (2008)

- Poo (2008)

- Thoranai (2009)

- Rajathi Raja (2009)

- Thamizh Padam (2010)

- Magane En Marumagane (2010)

- Bale Pandiya (2010)

- Bhavani IPS (2011)

- Venghai (2011)

- Kasethan Kadavulada (2011)

- Udumban (2012)

- Oruvar Meethu Iruvar Sainthu (2013)

- Veeram (2014)

- Maan Karate (2014)

- Savaale Samaali (2015)

- Sathura Adi 3500 (2017)

- Keerthi Chakra (2006)

- Pokkiriraja (2010)

- Oru Second Class Yathra (2015)

- "Singam Pola" - Dhool

- "Aala Pirandhavanda" - Unnai Charanadaindhen

- "Kiyan Kiyang" - Arivumani

- "Naadu Summa" - Nagareega Komali

- "Happy" - Bale Pandiya

- "Karuppusattai" - Bhavani IPS

- "Royapuram Peter" - Maan Karate

## Death

On 29 March 2020, Muniyamma died in her Madurai residence at the age of 82 due to age related illness.


1914 in Germany

# 1914 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 1914 in Germany.

## Incumbents

### National level

- Kaiser – Wilhelm II

- Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

### State level

#### Kingdoms

- King of Bavaria – Ludwig III

- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II

- King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III

- King of Württemberg – William II

#### Grand Duchies

- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II

- Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis

- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV

- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI

- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II

- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

#### Principalities

- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe

- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg

- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg

- Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe

- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)

- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line

- Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

#### Duchies

- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt

- Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

#### Colonial Governors

- Cameroon (Kamerun) – initially... Full, acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)

- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November

- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee

- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October

- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August

- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz

- Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg to 31 August

## Events

### April

- April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz 's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

### July

- 5 July: The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral. A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.

- The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.

- A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.

### August

- 1 August – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.

- 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France

- 4 August: World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.

- World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium

- World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.

- 7 August – World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.

- 9 August: World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany. World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.

- World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.

- World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.

- 23 August The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou). World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion. World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.

- The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).

- World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.

- World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.

- 28 August – World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.

### September

- 5 – 12 September – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins: Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.

- 13 – 28 September – World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.

- 21 September – World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.

### October

- 4 October – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.

- 19 October – 22 November – World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.

### November

- 1 November – World War I: Battle of Coronel fought – German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.

- 7 November – World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).

### December

- 8 December – World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.

- 24 December – World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.

## Births

### January

- 6 January - Heinz Berggruen, German art dealer (died 2007)

- 12 January – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (died 2006)

- 18 January - Arno Schmidt, German author (died 1979)

### February

- 4 February - Alfred Andersch, German writer (died 1980)

- 20 February - Erich Ziegler, German politician and resistance activist (died 2004)

- 20 February - Hans Pischner, German conductor (died 2016)

- 22 February - Karl Otto Götz, German painter (died 2017)

### March

- Wilhelm Wegner, German highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht (died 1989)

- March 2 - Walter Haeussermann, German engineer and rocket scientist (died 2010)

- March 18 - Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (died 1987)

### April

- 8 April – Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)

- 12 April - Gretel Bergmann, German high jumper (died 2017)

- 20 April – Otto Weiß, former German pair skater

### May

- 3 May – Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)

- 7 May – Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)

- 26 May – Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)

- 27 May – Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)

### June

- 1 June – Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)

- 13 June – Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, art historian (died 1988)

### July

- 1 July – Orli Wald, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany (died 1962)

- 1 July - Christl Cranz, German alpine racer (died 2004)

- 9 July - Willi Stoph, German politician (died 1999)

### August

- 27 August – Heidi Kabel, actress (died 2010)

### September

- September 15 - Will Quadflieg, actor (died 2003)

- September 22 - Siegfried Lowitz, actor (died 1999)

### November

- 6 November – Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)

- 13 November - Paul Lücke, German politician (died 1976)

- 15 November - Erich Steidtmann, German Nazi SS officer (died 2010)

### December

- 5 December – Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)

- 13 December – Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)

- 14 December – Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)

- 19 December – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (died 1995)

- 21 December – Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)

- 24 December - Herbert Reinecker, German dramatist and screenwriter (died 2007)

- 26 December – Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)

- 29 December – Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)

## Deaths

### January

- 13 January - Alfred Lichtwark, German art historian and museum curator (born 1852)

### March

- 21 March - August Wöhler, German railway engineer (born 1819)

- 22 March - Otto Harnack, German historian (born 1857)

- 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author (born 1871)

### April

- 2 April – Paul Heyse German writer and translator (born 1839)

- 11 April - Carl Chun, German biologist (born 1852)

### May

- 29 May - Paul Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist (born 1838)

### June

- 11 June – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)

- 16 June - Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, German gynecologist w (born 1837)

- 25 June – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)

### August

- 1 August – Adolf Zander, German composer (born 1843)

- 19 August – Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1842)

- 24 August – Johannes Weiss, German Protestant theologian and biblical exegete (born 1863)

### September

- 9 September - Albert Arnz, German painter (born 1832)

- 25 September – Alfred Lichtenstein (writer), German writer (born 1889)

- 26 September – August Macke, German painter (born 1887)

- 26 September - Hermann Löns, German poet (born 1866)

### October

- 4 September – Theodor Weber, German physician (born 1829)

- 27 September – Robert von Pöhlmann, German ancient historian (born 1852)

### November

- 2 November – Heinrich Burkhardt, German mathematician (born 1861)

- 5 November – August Weismann, German biologist (born 1834)

- 14 November - Leonhard Tietz, German merchant (born 1849)

### December

- 13 December - Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff, German general (born 1833)

- 17 December – Otto Sackur, 34, (German physical chemist) (born 1880)

### Date unknown

- Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)


Phil Cleary

# Phil Cleary

## Abstract

Philip Ronald Cleary (born 8 December 1952) is an Australian political and sport commentator. He is a former Australian rules footballer who played 205 games at the Coburg Football Club, before serving as the member for Wills in the House of Representatives from 1992 until 1996.

## Football career

Cleary began his playing career at the Coburg Amateurs Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) in the early 1970s. He wore number 1 at the club for the 1973 season.

He first came to notice as a prominent player and coach in Victoria 's second-level Australian rules football competition, the Victorian Football Association (VFA), for the Coburg Football Club.

He debuted with the club in 1975, playing 205 games—second only to Dave Starbuck in Coburg club history—and kicking 317 goals. He was a member of the 1979 premiership side and losing 1980 side. He coached the club between 1984 and 1992 (captain coach between 1984 and 1987, upon which he retired as a player), before leading them to back-to-back premierships in 1988–89. In the 1986 VFA grand final against Williamstown, he was sensationally ordered off, only to be found not guilty at the tribunal. He coached the VFA representative side on five occasions without losing a game. He was one of the most well-known players in the VFA in his era, and was instantly recognisable from the thick beard he wore throughout his career.

He has had various coaching and mentoring roles in the Essendon District Football League, including at the West Coburg Football Club, where he coached the under-16s team to a premiership in 2008 and the under-18s team to a premiership in 2010. The latter side included future AFL players Brandon Ellis and Adam Saad.

## Political career

At the Wills by-election of 11 April 1992, caused by the resignation of former Prime Minister Bob Hawke, Phil Cleary was elected as an independent to the Australian House of Representatives from a field of 22 candidates, becoming the only non- Labor member to have ever held the seat. However, his election was successfully challenged in the High Court and declared void on 25 November, as Cleary was on unpaid leave from the Victorian Education Department, and the Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia forbids people employed by the Crown from standing for election. A second by-election was not held, as a general election was expected within a few months. At the 1993 Australian federal election, Cleary again stood as a candidate and was elected for a second time.

Cleary lost the seat to Labor at the 1996 federal election. Wills had undergone a redistribution, by adding territory to the division, which weakened Cleary's notional position against Labor. Cleary's vote of 22.7% was a decrease of 6.7% from the 29.4% he polled in 1993, on different boundaries.

While advocating an Australian Republic, he broke with the Australian Republican Movement (ARM) over disagreement about how the President of Australia should be chosen, forming a group called "Real Republic", which advocated direct election of the President as opposed to the model advocated by Malcolm Turnbull of the ARM, under which the President would be chosen by a joint sitting of the Parliament, and which was the model proposed in the 1999 referendum.

## Post-parliament

Cleary was a part of the ABC ’s telecast of VFA/VFL football as a match-day commentator from 1987 until the ABC lost the rights in 2014, juggling coaching and commentary duties for the first five seasons. He conducted interviews and acted as a boundary rider for the match of the day, writes a weekly column for the football magazine Inside Football, and regularly appears in the media on a range of social and political issues. He has campaigned to stop male violence against women since his sister was murdered by her former partner in 1987. He is a freelance journalist and public speaker and is the author of three books: Cleary Independent, Just Another Little Murder, and Getting Away with Murder.

Cleary contested the seat of Brunswick at the 2010 Victorian state election as an independent.

### Defamation incident

In a much-published defamation case in 2010, it was alleged that, in his 2005 book Getting Away with Murder, Cleary had accused barrister Dyson Hore-Lacy of helping a man who killed his own wife to manufacture a provocation defence. Hore-Lacy won the case and was awarded $630,000 in damages.


2024 Go Bowling at The Glen

# 2024 Go Bowling at The Glen

## Abstract

The 2024 Go Bowling at The Glen is an upcoming NASCAR Cup Series race that will be held on September 15, 2024, at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York. Contested over 90 laps on the 2.45-mile (3.94 km) road course, it will be the 28th race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season, the second of the 2024 NASCAR playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 16.

## Report

### Background

Watkins Glen International (nicknamed "The Glen") is an automobile race track located in Watkins Glen, New York at the southern tip of Seneca Lake. It was long known around the world as the home of the Formula One United States Grand Prix, which it hosted for twenty consecutive years (1961–1980), but the site has been home to road racing of nearly every class, including the World Sportscar Championship, Trans-Am, Can-Am, NASCAR Cup Series, the International Motor Sports Association and the IndyCar Series.

Initially, public roads in the village were used for the race course. In 1956 a permanent circuit for the race was built. In 1968 the race was extended to six hours, becoming the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen. The circuit's current layout has more or less been the same since 1971, although a chicane was installed at the uphill Esses in 1975 to slow cars through these corners, where there was a fatality during practice at the 1973 United States Grand Prix. The chicane was removed in 1985, but another chicane called the "Inner Loop" was installed in 1992 after J.D. McDuffie's fatal accident during the previous year's NASCAR Winston Cup event.

The circuit is known as the Mecca of North American road racing and is a very popular venue among fans and drivers. The facility is currently owned by NASCAR.

#### Entry list

- (R) denotes rookie driver.

- (P) denotes playoff driver.

- (i) denotes driver who is ineligible for series driver points.

## Practice

Tyler Reddick was the fastest in the practice session with a time of 1:12.018 seconds and a speed of 122.469 mph (197.095 km/h).

## Qualifying

Ross Chastain scored the pole for the race with a time of 1:12.130 and a speed of 122.279 mph (196.789 km/h).

## Race

### Race results

#### Stage results

Stage One Laps: 20

Stage Two Laps: 20

### Final Stage results

Stage Three Laps: 50

## Media

### Television

USA covered the race on the television side. as part of a Radio style Broadcast for the race. Leigh Diffey and Steve Letarte called the race from the broadcast booth. MRN broadcaster Mike Bagley called the race from the Esses, Dillon Welch had the call from Turn 5 to Turn 9, and Jeff Burton called the race from Turn 10 & 11. Kim Coon, Parker Kligerman and Marty Snider handled the pit road duties from pit lane.

### Radio

Motor Racing Network had the radio call for the race, which will also be simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Alex Hayden, Jeff Striegle, and former crew chief Todd Gordon covered the action when the field raced down the front straightaway. Dave Moody called the race when the field raced thru the esses. Kyle Rickey wcovered the action when the field raced thru the inner loop and turn 5 and Jason Toy covered the action in turn 6 & 7. Steve Post, Brienne Pedigo, Chris Wilner & Jacklyn Drake called the action from the pits for MRN.


Ralph Weymouth

# Ralph Weymouth

## Abstract

Ralph Weymouth (May 26, 1917 – January 22, 2020) was a decorated Vice Admiral of the United States Navy and anti-nuclear campaigner.

Weymouth was born in Seattle to Ralph Wells Weymouth and his wife Lisbeth Cunningham Sewall. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1938, served two years on surface ships, began naval aviator training, and earned his wings in 1941. One of his classmates was Norman Kleiss.

During World War II while serving as Commanding Officer of Bombing Squadron 16 (VB-16) on the USS Lexington, he received the Navy Cross for actions against the Japanese Navy in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. He was also awarded the Legion of Merit twice and the Distinguished Flying Cross four times. His service continued through the Korean and Vietnam Wars.

During service in post-war Japan, Weymouth became concerned at the effects of nuclear war on the inhabitants of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and became an opponent of nuclear weapons, becoming more active in retirement.

He married Laure Bouchage, of Breton descent, granddaughter of Anatole Le Braz, in 1940, and they had eight children, including Tina Weymouth, former bassist for Talking Heads and currently with Tom Tom Club, and architect Yann Weymouth.

Weymouth died at age 102 in Rockport, Maine, on January 22, 2020.


Branko Klenkovski

# Branko Klenkovski

## Abstract

Branko Klenkovski (25 September 1946 – 12 July 2013) was a former Yugoslav footballer.


Margaret Rudin

# Margaret Rudin

## Abstract

Margaret Rudin (née Margaret Lee Frost; born May 31, 1943) is an American woman convicted of the December 1994 murder of her husband, Las Vegas real estate magnate Ronald Rudin. She was incarcerated at Florence McClure Women's Correctional Center in North Las Vegas, Nevada.

In May 2022, Rudin's conviction was vacated.

## Early life

Rudin was born in Memphis, Tennessee, one of three daughters. The family moved frequently, and before graduating from high school, Rudin had lived in 15 states. Rudin had married four times before meeting Ronald Rudin at the First Church of Religious Science in Las Vegas. The couple wed on September 11, 1987.

## Murder and investigation

Ronald Rudin (born November 13, 1930, Chicago) disappeared on December 18, 1994, aged 64, after walking to Margaret's antique shop which was in the same strip mall as his real estate office.

On January 21, 1995, his charred dismembered remains were discovered near Lake Mojave along with the burnt remains of an antique steamer trunk. He had been shot in the head at least four times with a.22 caliber gun. Police later searched the Rudin residence and found blood spatter in the bedroom as well as semen on the floor that had been removed from the house by authorities to test.

On July 21, 1996, a.22 caliber Ruger handgun was found in Lake Mead and was traced back to Ron Rudin. The handgun was later confirmed to be the murder weapon. Ron Rudin had reported the gun missing in 1988, shortly after he married Margaret.

## Flight, arrest, and trial

On April 18, 1997, the grand jury handed down a murder indictment against Margaret Rudin, but by this time, she had left the state. She spent the next 31 months in hiding until she was arrested in Massachusetts in November 1999 and was extradited to Nevada to face murder charges in the death of her husband.

Margaret Rudin went on trial on March 2, 2001. Her defense claimed that her husband was killed due to illegal activities he was involved in. The prosecutor argued she had killed her husband to prevent him from divorcing her and losing what she would inherit from his estate. She was found guilty on May 2, 2001, and on August 31 she was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 20 years.

## Appeal

In 2002, the Nevada Supreme Court denied Margaret Rudin's appeal, finding she was not denied effective assistance of counsel. As of 2008, no record of federal collateral review could be found.

In 2008, Rudin was given a new trial. Clark County District Judge Sally Loehrer ruled that lawyers for Margaret Rudin, then 65 years old, were not prepared to defend her at her 2001 trial, according to lawyers on both sides of the case. She also ruled that Michael Amador, Rudin's lead attorney at the time, was not effective, according to Christopher Oram, Rudin's new attorney.

On May 10, 2010, the Nevada Supreme Court ruled that Rudin would not get another trial, as reported by KLTV-8 News. The lower appeals court's ruling was overturned, and the original conviction stood.

The Las Vegas Sun reported on April 26, 2011 that Margaret Rudin had filed a habeas corpus petition in federal court seeking a new trial and reversal of her conviction based on ineffective assistance of trial counsel, impermissible hearsay testimony, faulty jury instructions and other points.

On January 25, 2012, U.S. District Court Judge Roger L. Hunt dismissed Margaret Rudin's federal habeas corpus case with prejudice. In a nine-page decision, Judge Hunt found that Rudin's federal petition was not filed in a timely manner. The ruling paves way for an appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court in San Francisco.

On September 10, 2014, in a split decision by a three-judge panel, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's order dismissing Rudin's federal habeas corpus case despite what it acknowledged to be serious issues with her representation and prosecution, both pre- and post-conviction. The court deemed that it was compelled to deny her petition, and it acknowledged that it was "troubled" by the case. Excerpts from the Opinion's Conclusion:

We are troubled by the outcome of this case for many reasons. Margaret Rudin's direct appeal and collateral review proceedings have been pending in either state or federal court for a combined total of 13 years. She has potentially meritorious claims that she has suffered prejudice at the hands of her own attorneys' egregious misconduct. Yet she has never had an opportunity to present those claims in court.

Rudin's defense counsel, Amador, indisputably engaged in egregious professional misconduct during the course of her underlying criminal trial. On direct appeal of her judgment of conviction, the Nevada Supreme Court acknowledged that Rudin's trial was plagued not only with inadequacies on the part of defense counsel, but also with prosecutorial misconduct and legal error on the part of the State and the court. Although two members of the Nevada Supreme Court found the record sufficiently clear as to the "inherent prejudice created by " to require immediate reversal of Rudin's judgment of conviction, a majority of the court declined to address the effect of those errors, finding them more appropriate for resolution on collateral review.

t this point, Rudin is still in prison, having served 13 years of her life sentence for murder. We know from the state post-conviction court that the State's "proof of guilt was not a slam dunk by any stretch of the imagination." We also know from the post-conviction court that, had Rudin been represented by competent counsel, the jury's verdict may have been different. Thus, what we do not know is whether Rudin is lawfully imprisoned. And, regrettably, that is something we may never know.

On March 10, 2015, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals withdrew its opinion of September 10, 2014 and issued a revised opinion affirming the trial court's decision that Rudin was entitled to a new trial as a direct result of the professional misconduct and prejudicial conflict of interest by Michael Amador, her original trial lawyer.

On February 29, 2016, the United States Supreme Court denied a petition by the attorney general of Nevada challenging the Ninth Circuit's ruling.

In May 2022, United States District Judge Richard F. Boulware vacated the murder conviction of the 78-year-old Rudin after she had spent 20 years in prison. Boulware ruled that Rudin received ineffective legal representation from her late defense attorney.

## Release

Margaret Rudin was released on parole from the Florence McClure Women's Correctional Center on January 10, 2020. She told the Las Vegas Review-Journal that she intended to relocate to Chicago to be closer to her daughter, granddaughter and great-grandchildren, and that she was "optimistic her murder conviction will one day be tossed." She was 76 years old at release.

After her conviction was vacated in 2022, the possibility was left open that she could still be re-tried for her husband's murder.

## Media

### Books

"If I Die...: A True Story of Obsessive Love, Uncontrollable Greed, and Murder" by Michael Fleeman, while detailing the case against Rudin, the hunt authorities endeavored in her capture is also detailed; ISBN 9781429904292, published: 2007, 324 pages.

"Black Widow: The True Story of Margaret Rudin" by Brianna Valdes, Rudin's attorneys claimed that involvement in illegal activities led to Ron's death; ISBN 9781539041528, published: September 2016, 84 pages.

"Evil Women" by John Marlowe, one of the thirty-four cases covered in this writing is about Margaret Rudin's killing of her husband; ISBN 9781788284660, published: November 2017, 303 pages.

### Television

Court TV 's (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots interviewed Rudin inside a Las Vegas, Nevada prison. In the episode, Rudin said she was innocent and that the district attorney had unjustly charged her. The A&E Network series American Justice also released an episode (season 6; episode 11) about her case, titled "The Black Widow of Vegas".

Additional television shows reported on Margaret Rudin, Snapped: Margaret Rudin (2007) " season 5; episode 5, on the Oxygen channel; an entire CBS 48 Hours episode, "Murder in Las Vegas: Did She Do it?" in November 2001 and " Forensic Files " – Season 9; Episode 27 "For Love or Money".

The HLN (Headline News) series Beyond Reasonable Doubt episode "Murder in Vegas" docudrama covers Rudin's crimes; Season 1 Episode 6, originally aired: July 7, 2017.

The Investigation Discovery channel's series The Perfect Murder, episode "Vanished in Vegas" covers Ron Rudin's murder; Season: 5, Episode: 8, originally aired: September 13, 2018.

20/20 aired an episode from season 43 titled "Five Weddings and a Murder" on February 19, 2021.


# 2006 African Championships in Athletics – Men's high jump

## Abstract

The men's high jump event at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics was held at the Stade Germain Comarmond on August 13.


Renee Montgomery

# Renee Montgomery

## Abstract

Renee Danielle Montgomery (born December 2, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player, sports broadcaster and an activist; who is currently vice president, part-owner, and investor of the Atlanta Dream, and one of three owners of the FCF Beasts Indoor Football Team; making her the first player in the WNBA to become an owner and executive of a team and first female owner in the FCF. During her 11-year playing career in the Women's National Basketball Association, she won two championships with the Minnesota Lynx in 2015 and 2017. During her college playing career, she won a national championship with the UConn Huskies in 2009. In 2020, Montgomery opted-out of the WNBA season in protest of police brutality, bringing forth awareness throughout the league and leading multiple campaigns dedicated to human rights.

## High school

Montgomery was a high school teammate of fellow future WNBA player Alexis Hornbuckle at South Charleston High School, where she was a captain each year of her high school career. She led the school to the West Virginia state Championships three times, averaging 22.5 points, six assists, five rebounds and five steals while leading the school to the West Virginia Class AAA Final as a senior. She also played on the varsity soccer team.

## College career

She attended the University of Connecticut.

### Freshman year

She started 35 of the Huskies ' 37 games at point guard and was named 2006 Big East Freshman of the Year.

### Sophomore year

Montgomery started in all 36 games as the Huskies' point guard. She tallied double-figure points in 29 games, including four 20-point plus scoring efforts. Montgomery led the team with a 13.3 scoring average and 163 assists. She was named first team All-Big East. In addition, Montgomery led the USA U-20 National Team to a gold medal during the summer prior to the start of the season at the FIBA U-20 Championship for Women in Mexico City.

### Junior year

Montgomery was selected as an All-Big East First Team choice for the second consecutive season. She was also selected to the All-Big East Tournament Team for the third consecutive season. Montgomery moved to the shooting guard slot on January 19, following a season-ending injury to Mel Thomas, after playing the majority of her career at point guard. She passed the 1,000 point mark in an 82–71 UConn win over North Carolina on January 21, 2008, at Gampel Pavilion. The Huskies lost in the Final Four to Stanford and finished the season at 36–2.

### Senior year

Montgomery reached double figure points in all but four games this season, and led the Huskies to a 39–0 season and her first and only National Championship. She finished her career in the Top Ten of many categories in the UConn women's basketball recordbooks including No. 1 in games played (150), No. 6 in career points (1,990), No. 6 in FG's (703), No. 4 in 3pt FG's (254), No. 9 in FT's (330), No. 3 in Assists (632), and No. 5 in Steals (266). She was the first Husky to be recognized in the "Huskies of Honor" while still playing in a Husky uniform.

Sports Illustrated did a series of thirteen photographs featuring teams chasing or achieving perfect seasons—an entire season without a loss. The photograph of Coach Geno Auriemma embracing Renee Montgomery during the 2008–09 season is included in the collection.

## Professional career

### WNBA

Montgomery was selected fourth overall in the 2009 WNBA draft by the Minnesota Lynx.

In 2010, Montgomery was traded to the Connecticut Sun, as part of a trade involving Minnesota native Lindsay Whalen and the first pick in the 2010 draft, with which the Sun selected Tina Charles, Montgomery's former college teammate. In college, she wore 20 as a uniform number. Players often become attached to their numbers, some more than others. Renee liked her number so much that her personal website is reneemontgomery20.com. The Sun also added veteran Kara Lawson to the team, who had worn No. 20 in college and with the Sacramento Monarchs, so Montgomery wore No. 21 for the Sun.

During the 2009–10 collegiate basketball season, Montgomery occasionally worked as a color commentator for women's college games broadcast on the ESPN family of networks.

During the 2011 WNBA season, she had the best season of her career once she became the starting point guard for the Sun and averaged 14.6 ppg and was voted as an all-star for the first time in her career.

In 2012, Montgomery came off the bench for the Sun, but was still effective, averaging 11.6 ppg and winning WNBA Sixth Woman of the Year. The Sun made it to the playoffs that year and were one win away from advancing to the Finals, but were eliminated by the eventual champions Indiana Fever in game 3 of the Eastern Conference Finals.

On January 28, 2015, the Connecticut Sun traded Montgomery along with their third and fifteen overall picks in the 2015 WNBA draft to the Seattle Storm in exchange for Camille Little and Shekinna Stricklen.

On July 20, 2015, Montgomery was reacquired by the Minnesota Lynx in a trade for Monica Wright. Montgomery ended up winning her first WNBA championship with the Lynx after they defeated the Indiana Fever in the Finals.

In 2016, Montgomery played a full season for the Lynx for the first time since her rookie season. She averaged 7.5 ppg off the bench and the Lynx were in the hunt to win back-to-back championships, but lost to the Los Angeles Sparks in the Finals.

In 2017, Montgomery averaged 8.0 ppg and achieved a new career-high in field goal shooting percentage. Montgomery also started in 12 of 34 games played while Whalen was sidelined with a hand injury. The Lynx continued to be a championship contender in the league after making it to the Finals for the sixth time in seven seasons, setting up a rematch with the Sparks. This time the Lynx would win in 5 games, winning their fourth championship in seven seasons, tying the now-defunct Houston Comets for most championship titles.

On February 1, 2018, Montgomery signed a multi-year contract with the Atlanta Dream. She would be the starting point guard for the team. On August 12, 2018, Montgomery scored a season-high 30 points along with a career-high 8 three-pointers in an 86–77 victory over the New York Liberty, tying the regular season record for most three-pointers in a game. She also hit 7 of her 8 three-pointers in the second half, breaking the WNBA record for most three-pointers in a half. By the end of the season, Montgomery set the franchise record for most three-pointers made in a season. The Dream finished 23–11 with the number 2 seed in the league, receiving a double-bye to the semi-finals. Without the team's leading scorer Angel McCoughtry, who was sidelined with a knee injury, the Dream were short-handed in the playoffs and lost in five games to the Washington Mystics.

In June 2020, Montgomery announced that she would forgo the 2020 WNBA season due to concerns of racism and the coronavirus. In February 2021, she announced her retirement from the WNBA.

### Overseas

In the 2009-10 off-season, Montgomery played in Lithuania for BC VIČI-Aistės Kaunas. In the 2010-11 off-season, she played in Israel for Maccabi Bnot Ashdod. In the 2012-13 off-season, she played in Russia for Nadezhda Orenburg. In the 2013–14 off-season, she played for Tarsus in Turkey and for Vologda-Chevakata in Russia; in the 2014-15 off-season, she again played for Vologda-Chevakata. In the 2015-16 off-season, she played in Australia for the Canberra Capitals. She signed with Basket 90 Gdynia in Poland for the 2016-17 off-season. In 2017, Montgomery signed with Maccabi Ramat Hen of the Israeli League for the 2017-18 off-season.

### USA Basketball

Montgomery was invited to the USA Basketball Women's National Team training camp in the fall of 2009. The team selected to play for the FIBA World Championship and the Summer Olympics is usually chosen from these participants.

At the conclusion of the training camp, the team traveled to Ekaterinburg, Russia, where they competed in the 2009 UMMC Ekaterinburg International Invitational.

Montgomery was one of twenty players named to the national team pool, from which twelve players would be chosen to represent the US in the 2010 FIBA World Championships and the 2012 Olympics.

Montgomery was named as one of the National team members to represent the USA Basketball team in the WNBA versus USA Basketball. This game replaced the normal WNBA All-Star game with WNBA All-Stars versus USA Basketball, as part of the preparation for the FIBA World Championship for Women to be held in the Czech Republic during September and October, 2010.

## Career statistics

### WNBA

## Post-playing career

### Ownership of Atlanta Dream

In February 2021, Montgomery was part of a three-member investor group that was approved to purchase the Atlanta Dream. The ownership change followed pressure on former owner Kelly Loeffler, a Republican former U.S. Senator who had angered WNBA players with her opposition to the league's racial justice initiatives, to sell her share of the Dream. Loeffler had previously refused a visit with Montgomery on social justice initiatives.

### Ownership of FCF Beasts

On January 4, 2021, Montgomery joined Miro and Marshawn Lynch as a partial owner of the FCF Beasts of Fan Controlled Football.

### Broadcasting

In 2020, Montgomery began working as a studio analyst for Fox Sports Southeast 's broadcasts of Atlanta Hawks games. She had previously appeared on the network as a guest analyst.

In March 2021, Montgomery was announced as the co-host of a Crooked Media podcast titled Takeline with Jason Concepcion.

Montgomery called 2021 NCAA women's basketball tournament games for ESPN alongside Beth Mowins.

In September 2021, Montgomery joined Meadowlark Media, for which she makes the podcast Montgomery & Co.

### Other ventures

Montgomery is an investor in MOORvision Technologies and Ucam, a camera built to capture athlete's point of view during games.

## Personal life

In April 2020, Montgomery married music artist Sirena Grace.

## Awards and honors

- 2005 McDonald's All-America.

- 2005 Gatorade West Virginia High School Player of the Year.

- 2005 Street & Smith Third Team All-America.

- 2005 Associated Press West Virginia Player of the Year.

- 2005 WBCA Honorable Mention All-America.

- 2004 Street & Smith Third Team All-America.

- 2003 Street & Smith Honorable Mention All-America

- 2009 Nancy Lieberman Award – Top Point Guard

- 2009 Honda Sports Award, basketball

- 2009 Finalist for Honda-Broderick Cup

- 2009 Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award

- 2009 Gazette Sportsperson of the Year


Richard Valle

# Richard Valle

## Abstract

Richard D. Valle (May 2, 1931 – July 8, 1995) was an American restaurateur who owned and managed the Valle's Steak House chain of restaurants from the death of his father in 1977 to when he sold his controlling shares of the company to a private investor group in 1982.

## Early years

Valle was born in 1931 in Portland, Maine, as the first of two children of Donald Valle and Sue Valle. At the time of his birth, his father was operating a Portland restaurant named "Valle's Steak House." The restaurant soon became one of the most popular restaurants on the East Coast and was described as the busiest steak house in the United States. Richard Valle's first experience in the business was working at his father's side in the Portland restaurant at the age of 11.

Richard Valle graduated from the University of New Hampshire School of Hotel and Restaurant Management. He was a flight instructor in the Air Force during the Korean War, and continued to fly his own aircraft out of the Chatham, Hyannis and Marstons Mills airports until his death.

## Career as a Valle's Executive

Valle held a number of positions in the company and was serving as the company's vice president when his father died in 1977. He then he became the company's president and provided oversight of the company's continued expansion plans. By 1980, faced with declining sales and profits, he decided to bring the company's 12-year expansion program to a halt. At the time, the company had expanded to 32 restaurants along the East Coast. The Valle family was also saddled with an inheritance tax bill resulting from the 1977 death of Donald Valle that it was not prepared to pay.

In 1980, Richard Valle decided to remove himself from the day-to-day management of the company in order to focus on the company's strategic plans as the chairman. At the time, Valle had been involved in all facets of operation and had personally designed the restaurant's paper place mats, selected the earthtone decor of the firm's newest restaurants, and wrote the words to a radio advertisement jingle. Valle had also developed the concept of a smaller restaurant that would only seat 400 customers as opposed to the long-standing design that seated well over a thousand.

Valle's transition to chairman was soon followed by an announcement that he, along with other family members, would sell their controlling shares of the company to a private investment group. The sale was approved by shareholders on August 30, 1982. As part of the sale, Richard Valle became a consultant to the company.

## Death and aftermath

Valle's continued to lose money during the 1980s. On December 27, 1991, the last three Valle's Steak House restaurants that were part of the Valle's chain was closed.

After a long illness, Richard Valle died on July 8, 1995, at the age of 64, in Hyannis, Mass. At the time of his death, he was a resident of Dennis, Mass and had been undergoing treatment at Cape Cod Hospital.

Judith Valle, Richard Valle's sister, had purchased the Portland restaurant from the chain in 1984 and continued operating until Sunday, August 20, 2000.


Potosi, Missouri

# Potosi, Missouri

## Abstract

Potosi is a city in Washington County, Missouri, United States. Potosi is seventy-two miles southwest of St. Louis. The population was 2,538 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Washington County.

Located in the Lead Belt, the city was founded in 1763 by French colonists as Mine à Breton or Mine au Breton. After the United States acquired this area, American Moses Austin renamed the community for the Bolivian silver-mining city of Potosí. He was involved in lead mining.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.33 square miles (6.03 km), all land.

Potosi is located in the Lead Belt region of Missouri, as such, it has mining operations in the area. It is also geographically considered part of the St. Francois Mountain Range, meaning it has hilly terrain typical of the region.

The city is within proximity to many nature areas, including Mark Twain National Forest and Washington State Park.

### Climate

## History

A lead mining settlement at this spot, "Mine à Breton" or Mine au Breton, was founded between 1760 and 1780 by Francis Azor, of Brittany, France. Moses Austin came here in 1798 with his family, including his son Stephen F. Austin. Moses obtained a grant of 7,153 arpents of land from the Spanish Empire and started large-scale mining operations, building his town to support it. Moses named the town after Potosí in Bolivia, which was famous for its vast silver mines. Austin's tomb and the foundation of his home Durham Hall can still be seen. Another mining entrepreneur in Potosi at the time of Moses Austin was James Bryan. Firmin Rene Desloge, who emigrated from Nantes, France in 1822 as the progenitor of the Desloge Family in America, located in Potosi and established a mercantile, distillery, fur trading and lead smelting business. The Desloge lead mining business Desloge Lead Company and later Desloge Consolidated Lead Company was later relocated to Bonne Terre, MO and also Desloge, MO by his son Firmin V. Desloge.

Potosi was designated county seat in 1814.

Potosi is also home to the oldest standing Presbyterian church west of the Mississippi River. It is located on West Breton Street, also home to the graveyard that contains the tomb of Moses Austin and his wife Maria Brown Austin.

The Potosi Correctional Center, which opened in 1989, housed Missouri's death row and the state's executions were handled at the prison until 2005. The Potosi Center conducted all but one of the 62 Missouri executions between 1989 when capital punishment was reinstated and 2005 when executions were moved 25 miles east to the Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center in Bonne Terre, Missouri.

The George Cresswell Furnace, Palmer Historic Mining District, Washington County Courthouse, and Washington State Park CCC Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Demographics

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,660 people, 1,114 households, and 657 families living in the city. The population density was 1,141.6 inhabitants per square mile (440.8/km). There were 1,230 housing units at an average density of 527.9 per square mile (203.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.2% White, 2.2% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 1,114 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.86.

The median age in the city was 39.1 years. 24.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 24.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.1% male and 55.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,662 people, 1,103 households, and 677 families living in the city. The population density was 1,218.9 inhabitants per square mile (470.6/km). There were 1,211 housing units at an average density of 554.5 per square mile (214.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.60% White, 2.14% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.

There were 1,103 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 81.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $17,702, and the median income for a family was $23,958. Males had a median income of $31,548 versus $16,976 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,417. About 28.1% of families and 31.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.7% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and infrastructure

Potosi is the county seat of Washington County, therefore hosts both city and county government offices. Namely, City Hall and The Washington County Courthouse and government offices within.

The United States Postal Service operates the Potosi Post Office.

The Potosi Correctional Center of the Missouri Department of Corrections is located in an unincorporated area in Washington County, near Potosi. The prison houses male death row inmates.

## Education

Public education in Potosi is administered by the Potosi R-III School District. Potosi has a public library, the Washington County Library.

## Notable people

- Moses Austin, American settlement colonizer in St. Genevieve, Missouri and father of Stephen Austin of the Republic of Texas

- Jeremy Boyer, NHL & MLB organist

- Dylan Coleman, MLB pitcher

- Firmin Rene Desloge, progenitor of the Desloge Family in America

- Firmin V. Desloge, founder Desloge Consolidated Lead Company and Desloge, Missouri and Bonne Terre, Missouri

- Tom Huck, artist/printmaker

- John A. Lankford, architect

- Donne Wall, baseball player


Statue of Cecil Rhodes, Bulawayo

# Statue of Cecil Rhodes, Bulawayo

## Abstract

The Statue of Cecil John Rhodes in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, is a bronze sculpture of the British colonialist, businessman and politician who was the founder of the British South Africa Company (BSAC), through which he founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia.

The statue was sculpted by a Scottish sculptor John Tweed and was erected in Bulawayo city centre in 1904. In February 1981, after Southern Rhodesia 's independence as Zimbabwe in 1980, the statue was removed from the city centre; it was relocated to the centenary park at the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe.


List of human Sesame Street characters

# List of human Sesame Street characters

## Abstract

Since the premiere of the children's television program Sesame Street on November 10, 1969, it has included what writer Malcolm Gladwell has called "the essence of Sesame Street —the artful blend of fluffy monsters and earnest adults". The original cast, chosen by original producer Jon Stone, consisted of four human actors— Matt Robinson, who played Gordon; Loretta Long, who played Gordon's wife, Susan; Will Lee, who played Mr. Hooper; and Bob McGrath, who played Bob. Unlike most children's television programs at the time, the producers of Sesame Street decided against using a single host and cast a group of ethnically diverse, primarily African American actors/presenters, with, as Sesame Street researcher Gerald S. Lesser put it, "a variety of distinctive and reliable personalities".

Stone did not audition actors until spring 1969, a few weeks before five shows, designed to test the show's appeal to children and to examine their comprehension of the material, were due to be filmed. Stone videotaped the auditions, and researcher Ed Palmer took them out into the field to test children's reactions. The actors who received the "most enthusiastic thumbs up" were cast. For example, when the children saw Long's audition, they stood up and sang along with her rendition of " I'm a Little Teapot ". As Stone said, casting was the only aspect of the show that was "just completely haphazard". Most of the cast and crew found jobs on Sesame Street through personal relationships with Stone and the other producers.

The results of the test shows, which were never intended for broadcast and shown to preschoolers in 60 homes throughout Philadelphia and in day care centers in New York City in July 1969, were "generally very positive". The researchers found that children learned from the shows, that the show's appeal was high, and that children's attention was sustained over the full hour. However, they found that, although children's attention was high during the Muppet segments, their interest wavered when there were only humans on screen. The producers had followed the advice of child psychologists who were concerned that children would Feen confused, and had recommended that human actors and Muppets Just Feen shown together. As a result of this decision, the appeal of the test episodes was lower than they would have liked, so the show's producers knew they needed to make significant changes, including defying the recommendations of their advisers and show the human and Muppet characters together. Lesser called this decision "a turning point in the history of Sesame Street ". Muppet creator Jim Henson and his coworkers created Muppets for Sesame Street that could interact with the human actors, and many segments were re-shot.

The human cast currently consists of Alan, Chris, Nina, Charlie, Mia, Dave and Frank. Though no longer part of the show, longtime cast members Bob, Gordon, Susan, Luis, Maria and Gina have still made special appearances on occasion, in online videos, TV specials and at live appearances. In 2019, retired characters from the series such as Linda, Miles and Leela returned for the TV special Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration.

## Characters

## General and cited references

- Borgenicht, David (1998). Sesame Street Unpaved. New York: Hyperion Publishing. ISBN 0-7868-6460-5

- Davis, Michael (2008). Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-01996-0

- Gikow, Louise A. (2009). Sesame Street: A Celebration—Forty Years of Life on the Street. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57912-638-4.

- Gladwell, Malcolm (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. New York: Little, Brown, and Company. ISBN 0-316-31696-2

- Lesser, Gerald S. (1974). Children and Television: Lessons From Sesame Street. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-71448-2


Sourav Pal

# Sourav Pal

## Abstract

Sourav Pal (born 12 May 1955) is an Indian theoretical chemist, former professor of chemistry at IIT Bombay, and former director of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata. He was a director of the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory in Pune and an adjunct professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune.

He has made contributions in the field of coupled cluster -based methods of quantum chemistry. He also developed expectation value and the response properties to multi-reference coupled cluster theory, as well as extended coupled-cluster functions. He has developed a non-iterative approximation to coupled-perturbed Kohn-Sham density functional theoretic equations to calculate non-linear properties.

He has also made contributions in the area of reactivity descriptors; he established Hirshfeld population in the calculation of Fukui functions and developed the local hard-soft-acid-base principle for molecular recognition. He also studied anti- aromaticity in metal clusters.

## Education

Sourav obtained his master's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur) in 1977 and his doctorate from the University of Calcutta. He worked at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). He was subsequently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Florida with Rodney J. Bartlett in 1986.

## Awards and honours

Sourav Pal is the recipient of the following awards and honors.

- Recipient of the first SASTRA-CNR Rao Award for excellence in chemistry and material science in 2014.

- Recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Chemical Sciences, 2000.

- Recipient of JC Bose National Fellowship of DST, 2008.

- Recipient of Chemical Research Society of India Silver Medal, 2009.

- Elected as a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, 2003.

- Elected as a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Allahabad, 1998.

- Elected as a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, 1996.

- Received Jagdish Shankar Memorial Lecture of the Indian National Science Academy, 2006.

- Recipient of Bimla Churn Law Memorial Lecture Award of IACS, Kolkata, 2005.

- Dai-Ichi Karkaria Endowment Fellow of UICT, 2004–2005.

- Recipient of the Chemical Research Society of India medal, 2000.

- Elected as a Fellow of the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, 1994.

- Recipient of the NCL Research Foundation Scientist of the Year (1999) award.

- Recipient of the P.B. Gupta Memorial Lecture Award of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for 1993.

- Received Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Young Scientist award in Chemical Sciences for 1989.

- Received Indian National Science Academy (INSA) medal for Young Scientist 1987.

- Received NCL Research Foundation Best Paper Award in Physical Sciences for the year 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002.

## Membership

- Chosen as a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences from 2000.

- Member Advisory Editorial Board, Current Physical Chemistry, Bentham Science from 2010.

- Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Chemical Sciences, published by the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore from 2004.

- Member, Editorial Board, Proc. Indian National Science Academy, from 1 January 2006.

- Member, Editorial Board, International Journal of Applied Chemistry, from 2005.

- Elected as a Life Member of the Society for Scientific Values.

- Member, American Physical Society, United States.

## Notable research

### On hard-soft acid-base relations

He has studied various properties of hardness and softness in relation to molecular properties, like polarizability. In 2002, he identified "Bond Deformation Kernel" to be correlated with interaction-induced shifts in O–H frequencies in halide – water clusters. His model used local polarization, which can be described by normalized-atom-condensed Fukui functions, which is the normal condensed Fukui function multiplied by the number of atoms.

### On molecular properties and dynamics

In 1989, he developed theories for describing closed-shell molecules with non-linear electric properties. For open-shell systems, which are marked by a high degree of quasi-degeneracy, he used a multi- determinant description of reference space to formulate a coupled-cluster analytic derivative to compute the non-linear properties. Sourav has also identified the exchange effects as contributions to the static exchange potential of the molecule in electron–molecule scattering. An approximation method to calculate the resonance of molecular anions has been developed by his group. The procedure is based on the analytical continuation method.

In 2003, as an alternative to the Kohn–Sham density functional theoretic approach, which solves the coupled-perturbed Kohn–Sham (CPKS) procedure non-iteratively, Sourav formulated a way to obtain the derivative of the KS matrix using the finite field; the density matrix derivative is obtained by a single-step CPKS solution followed by the analytic evaluation of properties. He has implemented this in deMon2k software and used it for the calculation of electric properties. He also has used Gaussian basis sets and Born–Oppenheimer approximation to study the reactions of molecules. His study led to novel evidence of anti-aromaticity in metal clusters.


2024 San Francisco Giants season

# 2024 San Francisco Giants season

## Abstract

The 2024 San Francisco Giants season is the 142nd season for the franchise in Major League Baseball, their 67th year in San Francisco, and their 25th at Oracle Park. This is their first season under new manager Bob Melvin, after former manager Gabe Kapler was fired during the 2023 season. They attempt to improve upon their disappointing 79–83 record from their 2023 season, make the playoffs and clinch their division for the first time since 2021.

## Events

### Offseason

- November 17, 2023 − The Giants avoided arbitration with OF Austin Slater and OF Mike Yastrzemski agreeing to one-year deals.

- December 14, 2023 – The Giants signed OF Jung-hoo Lee to a six-year contract.

- December 19, 2023 – The Giants acquired OF TJ Hopkins in a trade with the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for cash considerations or a player to be named later.

- December 23, 2023 – The Giants signed C Tom Murphy to a two-year contract with a club option for the 2026 season.

- January 5, 2024 – The Giants acquired RHP Robbie Ray in a trade with the Seattle Mariners in exchange for OF Mitch Haniger, RHP Anthony DeSclafani, and cash considerations.

- January 11, 2024 − The Giants avoided arbitration with 1B/OF LaMonte Wade Jr., 2B Thairo Estrada, and RHP Tyler Rogers agreeing to one-year deals.

- January 18, 2024 − The Giants signed RHP Jordan Hicks to a four-year contract.

- February 2, 2024 – The Giants acquired OF Jonah Cox in a trade with the Oakland Athletics in exchange for RHP Ross Stripling and cash considerations.

- February 18, 2024 – The Giants signed OF Jorge Soler to a 3-year contract.

- March 3, 2024 – The Giants signed 3B Matt Chapman to a one-year contract that also included player options for the 2025 and 2026 seasons and a mutual option for the 2027 season.

- March 19, 2024 – The Giants signed LHP Blake Snell to a 2-year contract that included an opt-out after the 2024 season.

### Regular Season

- April 20, 2024 – The Giants acquired RHP Mitch White in a trade with the Toronto Blue Jays in exchange for cash considerations.

- May 10, 2024 – The Giants acquired cash considerations in a trade with the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for RHP Mitch White.

- July 7, 2024 – The Giants acquired LHP Alex Young in a trade with the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for OF Austin Slater and cash considerations.

- July 29, 2024 – The Giants acquired LHP Tyler Matzek and minor league INF Sabin Ceballos in a trade with the Atlanta Braves in exchange for OF Jorge Soler and RHP Luke Jackson.

- July 30, 2024 – The Giants acquired minor league LHP Jacob Bresnahan and a player to be named later in a trade with the Cleveland Guardians in exchange for RHP Alex Cobb.

- July 30, 2024 – The Giants acquired OF Mark Canha in a trade with the Detroit Tigers in exchange for minor league RHP Eric Silva.

- July 30, 2024 – The Giants acquired cash considerations in a trade with the Los Angeles Angels in exchange for RHP Mike Baumann.

## Season standings

### National League West

### National League Wild Card

### Record vs. opponents

Updated with the results of all games through September 12, 2024.

## Game Log

## Current roster

### MLB debuts

Giants players who made their MLB debuts during the 2024 regular season:

- March 28: Jung-hoo Lee

- March 31: Kai-Wei Teng

- April 1: Nick Avila

- May 6: Mason Black

## Farm system

Source:


Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod

# Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod

## Abstract

Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Торпедо Нижний Новгород) is a professional ice hockey club in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League.

The team's home arena is Trade Union Sport Palace. The team used to play its home games at Konovalenko Sports Palace, named after Viktor Konovalenko – one of the most famous Soviet goaltenders, who played for the Torpedoes.

## History

The first official ice hockey tournament in Gorky (the Communist-era name of Nizhny Novgorod) took place in early 1947, when the team was the winner of the first Avtozavodtsev Cup. In the 1947–48 season, the team was in the national championship. It was the official sports club of the submarine service of the Soviet Navy. The 1960–61 season was the most significant in the history of Torpedo, with the team winning the Avtozavodtsev Cup and the Soviet Sport Cup, reaching the final of the Cup of the Soviet Union, and finally winning the silver medal in the national championship. Torpedo was the first provincial team to place in the USSR championship in 1961. Gorkovchan's success that year is attributed, primarily, to head coach Dmitry Boginova, who managed to create a strong and cohesive team in just a few years. Goalie Konovalenko was later a two-time Olympic champion and eight-time world champion.

Twice the team fell just short of the bronze in 1982 and 1985. In the 1980s, Gorky twice won the Thunderstorm Authority prize. The Torpedo players in those years were constantly being called to different teams, with some seasons including the loss of up to ten players to other teams. In the championships of the MHL, RHL and Russia, which have been held since the Soviet collapse, Torpedo has not achieved significant success, with the best year in 1995, when the team placed fourth in the playoffs of the MHL championship.

## Season-by-season KHL record

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, OTW = Overtime Wins, OTL = Overtime Losses, SOW = Shootout Wins, SOL = Shootout Losses, L = Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points

## Players

### Current roster

- view

- talk

- edit

### NHL alumni

- Evgeny Namestnikov (1988–91)

- Pavel Torgaev (1995–96, 1999–2000)

- Alexei Tezikov (1998–2000, 2001–02)

- Artem Chubarov (1999–2004)

- Yuri Butsayev (2007–09)

- Matt Ellison (2010–2013)

- Ryan Vesce (2010–2012)

- Wojtek Wolski (2013–2015)

- Chris Wideman (2020–2021)

### All-time records

- RSL/KHL Games – Anatoli Vodopianov – 653 games

- Games – Oleg Namestnikov, 720 games

- RSL/KHL Goals – Alexander Skvortsov, 244

- RSL/KHL Assists – Alexander Skvortsov, 204

- RSL/KHL Points – Alexander Skvortsov, 448

- PIM – Vladimir Kovin – 570 minutes

## Honours

### Champions

Vysshaya Liga (2): 2003, 2007 Steel Cup (1): 2015 Dukla Cup (1): 2016 Bodense Cup (1): 2017

### Runners-up

Soviet League Championship (1): 1961 USSR Cup (1): 1961 Spengler Cup (1): 1972