Timeline of GB News

# Timeline of GB News

## Abstract

This is a timeline of the history of GB News, a free-to-air television and radio news channel in the United Kingdom.

## Timeline

### 2019

- 25 September – All Perspectives Ltd is founded as the holding company of GB News.

### 2020

- January – All Perspectives Ltd is granted a licence to broadcast by the media regulator Ofcom.

- 25 September – It is announced that Andrew Neil, who has presented live political programmes on the BBC for 25 years, will leave the corporation after leading its coverage of the 2020 United States presidential election. On the same day, he is announced as the presenter of a prime time evening programme on GB News, due to launch early the next year.

- October – Sir Robbie Gibb stands down as an editorial adviser.

- December – Sir Paul Marshall, a hedge-fund manager, is in talks to invest £10 million into GB News.

### 2021

#### January 2021

- 6 January – GB News reaches its £60 million fundraising aim, which it says is oversubscribed. The majority of the £60 million came from the American multinational Discovery, Inc., the United Arab Emirates-based investment firm Legatum, and Marshall, who says he is investing in a personal capacity. GB News says it will recruit 140 staff, including 120 journalists, and will also launch "streaming, video-on-demand and audio services".

- 25 January – The recruitment drive begins.

- 28 January – It is announced that Dan Wootton will leave News UK to join the channel as the host of a daily show, five days a week.

#### February 2021

- 8 February – The pressure group Stop Funding Hate calls for advertisers to boycott the channel, based on what it thinks it will represent.

- 10 February – Sky News ' Colin Brazier is reported to be the host of a news, interview and debate daytime programme.

- 18 February – It is announced that Darren McCaffrey will join the channel as political editor and Tom Harwood as a political correspondent.

- 19 February – Michelle Dewberry is named as the host of a five-day-a-week prime time show.

#### March 2021

- 2 March – Inaya Folarin Iman, a 24-year-old journalist and former Brexit Party candidate, is announced as another five-day-a-week host.

- 5 March – Former Brexit Party Member of the European Parliament Alex Phillips is hired.

- 10 March – Following Piers Morgan 's departure from Good Morning Britain on 9 March, Neil expresses interest in Morgan joining GB News instead.

- 13 March – It is announced that Liam Halligan will join the channel as economics and business editor.

- 14 March – In an episode of BBC Radio 4's The Media Show, Neil states that his nightly news programme will contain segments such as "Wokewatch" and "Mediawatch".

- 18 March – The channel announces that comedian Andrew Doyle will join it to host a weekly current affairs show.

- 23 March – It is announced that Euronews ' Rosie Wright will join the channel's breakfast presenting team.

- 25 March – It is said that BBC News newsreader Simon McCoy will present an afternoon show.

- 29 March – It is announced that broadcaster Kirsty Gallacher will join the breakfast team.

#### April 2021

- 2 April – Former ITV News presenter Alastair Stewart is announced as the host of a weekend news and current affairs programme.

- 16 April – Archaeologist Neil Oliver is hired to host a weekly current affairs and interview programme.

- 19 April – Former Labour Party Member of Parliament Gloria De Piero is hired to host an afternoon programme.

- 23 April – It is announced that Mercy Muroki will co-host a daytime programme tackling everyday issues.

#### May 2021

- No events.

#### June 2021

- 8 June – Neil says that talks with Piers Morgan were affected by a disagreement: "he's got his own idea of what he is worth and we have a slightly different idea of what he's worth".

- 11 June – Isabel Webster joins the channel as the co-host of a weekly news review programme.

- 13 June – GB News commences broadcasting at 20:00 BST. 336,000 viewers tune in to see the launch. The launch soon becomes the subject of ridicule due to the perceived poor production quality of the channel and frequent technical issues. Ofcom receives complaints relating to a monologue made on the opening night's edition of Tonight Live with Dan Wootton in which he argues against the government's extension of the COVID-19-related lockdowns in the UK.

- GB News commences broadcasting at 20:00 BST. 336,000 viewers tune in to see the launch. The launch soon becomes the subject of ridicule due to the perceived poor production quality of the channel and frequent technical issues.

- Ofcom receives complaints relating to a monologue made on the opening night's edition of Tonight Live with Dan Wootton in which he argues against the government's extension of the COVID-19-related lockdowns in the UK.

- 16 June – Comments made by guest Lady Colin Campbell seemingly in defence of the deceased child molester Jeffrey Epstein, and his relationship with Prince Andrew – such as saying that criticism of Andrew is "a distraction" to keep Bill Clinton "out of the frame" – draw derision. By this day, several brands including Vodafone, IKEA, Kopparbergs Brewery, Grolsch, Nivea, Pinterest, Specsavers and Octopus Energy have paused their advertising on the channel, expressing concerns over its content. Some of these advertisements had been placed on the brands' behalf without their knowledge, by Sky Media through their advertising opt-outs during GB News' schedule.

- Comments made by guest Lady Colin Campbell seemingly in defence of the deceased child molester Jeffrey Epstein, and his relationship with Prince Andrew – such as saying that criticism of Andrew is "a distraction" to keep Bill Clinton "out of the frame" – draw derision.

- By this day, several brands including Vodafone, IKEA, Kopparbergs Brewery, Grolsch, Nivea, Pinterest, Specsavers and Octopus Energy have paused their advertising on the channel, expressing concerns over its content. Some of these advertisements had been placed on the brands' behalf without their knowledge, by Sky Media through their advertising opt-outs during GB News' schedule.

- 19 June – The culture secretary, Oliver Dowden, criticises Stop Funding Hate and what he describes as "a vocal Twitter minority" for calling for the advertising boycott.

- 20 June – Nigel Farage and Dehenna Davison join GB News as contributors to host the Sunday morning political discussion programme The Political Correction.

- 24 June – Neil takes a break from presenting on the channel, less than two weeks after its launch.

#### July 2021

- 5 July – Ofcom decides not to pursue any of the complaints relating to Dan Wootton's monologue on 13 June, a spokesperson saying, "Our rules allow for rigorous debate around the response to coronavirus... consistent with the right to free expression".

- 13 July – Senior executive producer Gill Penlington, formerly of CNN, ITV and Sky News, leaves the channel.

- 14 July – Audience figures drop so low they are reported as zero by the ratings measurement board the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board at least twice on the day, attributed to regular viewers boycotting the station after one of its presenters, Guto Harri, took the knee on-air in solidarity with the England football team.

- 16 July – GB News suspends Guto Harri for taking the knee. It is reported by The Guardian that John McAndrew, director of news and programmes, formerly of Sky News and Euronews, had stood down from his role.

- GB News suspends Guto Harri for taking the knee.

- It is reported by The Guardian that John McAndrew, director of news and programmes, formerly of Sky News and Euronews, had stood down from his role.

- 17 July – It is announced that Nigel Farage, already a contributing presenter, will host Farage, a prime-time evening show, from 19 July.

- 18 July – Guto Harri confirms he has permanently left the channel.

- 19 July – It is announced that Mark Dolan will join the channel with Tonight Live with Mark Dolan on 23 July and that Nana Akua will move to a new self-titled programme on Saturday and Sunday afternoons while continuing to host The Great British Breakfast. The first episode of Nigel Farage's show airs.

- It is announced that Mark Dolan will join the channel with Tonight Live with Mark Dolan on 23 July and that Nana Akua will move to a new self-titled programme on Saturday and Sunday afternoons while continuing to host The Great British Breakfast.

- The first episode of Nigel Farage's show airs.

#### August 2021

- 5 August – It is announced that Talkradio 's Patrick Christys will join the channel to present To the Point on weekday mornings alongside Mercy Muroki. The programme will replace Brazier & Muroki. This leaves Colin Brazier's sole presenting role as filling in for Neil in the 8 pm slot.

- 7 August – After Simon McCoy moves permanently to the breakfast show, McCoy & Phillips is replaced by Alex Phillips' own show, The Afternoon Agenda.

- 10 August – The channel announces four political programmes to launch within weeks: The Briefing: AM with Tom Harwood, The Briefing: Lunchtime with Gloria De Piero, The Briefing: PM with Darren McCaffrey, and The Briefing: PMQs.

#### September 2021

- 3 September – The channel announces that political journalist Isabel Oakeshott will host a weekly show.

- 13 September – Neil resigns from GB News as chairman and lead presenter and announces he will enter a new role as a guest contributor.

- 14 September – Neil is replaced as a presenter by Colin Brazier in what The Telegraph describes as a "fight back by swinging to the right". Brazier is given a permanent programme at 8 pm called Brazier.

- 17 September – On the BBC's Question Time, Neil says that he had become a "minority of one" on the channel's board, due to disputes over its approach to journalism.

- 22 September – Neil says he will not return to GB News.

#### October 2021

- Following the launch announcement of rival TalkTV, GB News introduces half-hourly news bulletins and it is reported that Sunday Express editor Mick Booker will join as editorial director.

#### November 2021

- 17 November – Neil calls his decision to lead the channel the "single biggest mistake" of his career, adding "The mistake was that I put my face on the tin and yet I quickly discovered that I really had no say over what was going into that tin".

- 26 November – Kirsty Gallacher steps back from her role on The Great British Breakfast because of an ear tumour.

#### December 2021

- 10 December – It is announced that Eamonn Holmes and Isabel Webster will present a Monday to Thursday breakfast show, Breakfast with Eamonn and Isabel. It is announced that Simon McCoy will leave the channel in January "for personal reasons".

- It is announced that Eamonn Holmes and Isabel Webster will present a Monday to Thursday breakfast show, Breakfast with Eamonn and Isabel.

- It is announced that Simon McCoy will leave the channel in January "for personal reasons".

- 21 December – It is announced that Stephen Dixon and Anne Diamond will present the breakfast show Friday to Sunday.

### 2022

#### January 2022

- Colin Brazier's 8 pm weeknight show is moved to 4 to 6 pm, and the 8 pm Monday to Friday slot is filled by a new show, Steyn, hosted by Mark Steyn.

- We Need to Talk About... hosted by Alex Phillips begins at 2 pm on weekdays targeting women.

- Alastair Stewart's weekend programme begins also airing on Friday afternoons.

- Mick Booker joins as editorial director.

- 4 January – GB News Radio, an audio simulcast of the station, becomes available on DAB+ radio. Eamonn Holmes and Isabel Webster are the first to be heard on the simulcast when their television breakfast show starts.

- 17 January – GB News announces it will play " God Save the Queen " at the start of live programming every day.

- 18 January – The channel begins playing the National Anthem.

#### February 2022

- No events.

#### March 2022

- 2 March – Company accounts are published for the period ending 31 May 2021 for All Perspectives Ltd, that made a loss of £2.7 million.

- 31 March – The first episode of a weekly comedy panel show called The Ministry of Offence is recorded in London.

#### April 2022

- 16 April – The comedy panel show Ministry of Offence makes its debut on GB News.

- 25 April – TalkTV, GB News' main news rival, launches. Audience figures for TalkTV's opening night show its ratings outperforming GB News for the debut edition of its flagship show, Piers Morgan Uncensored (aired at 8 pm), but higher figures for GB News for the night as a whole.

#### May 2022

- 18 May – Figures published by RAJAR indicate GB News Radio received an average audience of 239,000 listeners during its first three months on air.

#### June 2022

- 14 June – GB News confirms it will air coverage of the Twelfth of July parade from Belfast after the BBC decided not to broadcast the event. Former Northern Ireland First Minister Dame Arlene Foster will present coverage of the parade.

#### July 2022

- 12 July – GB News airs coverage of the Twelfth of July parade in Northern Ireland. The event, presented by Dame Arlene Foster, the channel's Northern Ireland correspondent Dougie Beattie and former Coronation Street actor Charles Lawson, draws a peak audience of 98,000 viewers.

- 28 July – Ofcom is to launch an investigation into GB News after presenter Mark Steyn made misleading claims about COVID-19 booster vaccines on the 21 April edition of his show. Steyn had alleged that British people were being killed by having the booster and that there was a media silence on the issue.

- 31 July – The Telegraph reports that TalkTV and GB News are in a bidding war to secure Channel 604 on Virgin Media. The news channels currently occupy channels 626 and 627, but a move would increase their profile by putting them next to larger rivals such as BBC News and Sky News.

#### August 2022

- 4 August – The latest RAJAR figures are published, covering radio listening in the United Kingdom during the second quarter of 2022. They show a percentage increase in listeners for both Talkradio and GB News, with the audience increase at 6% and 16% respectively when compared with the previous quarter.

- 8 August – The Telegraph reports that GB News have beaten TalkTV to secure a channel move on Virgin Media to Channel 604, giving it a higher news channel ranking, and placing it between Sky News and BBC Parliament. An Ofcom investigation clears Nigel Farage's "Talking Pints" segment of breaching standards following an interview on 23 August 2021 that featured darts player Bobby George using what was described as "offensive language". The decision means GB News remains clear of any reprimands from Ofcom since its launch.

- The Telegraph reports that GB News have beaten TalkTV to secure a channel move on Virgin Media to Channel 604, giving it a higher news channel ranking, and placing it between Sky News and BBC Parliament.

- An Ofcom investigation clears Nigel Farage's "Talking Pints" segment of breaching standards following an interview on 23 August 2021 that featured darts player Bobby George using what was described as "offensive language". The decision means GB News remains clear of any reprimands from Ofcom since its launch.

- 10 August – GB News airs The People's Forum with Liz Truss from Leigh, Greater Manchester, with Conservative leadership candidate Liz Truss answering questions from an audience.

- 11 August – Rachel Sweeney announces she is leaving her role as GB News' North East correspondent.

- 18 August – It is reported that GB News has secured £60 million of new investment, having approached investor Sir Paul Marshall for further funding. American multinational Warner Bros. Discovery announces its intention to sell its stake in GB News. GB News announces that co-founders Andrew Cole and Mark Schneider have resigned as directors and sold their stakes in the business. It is reported that The Telegraph journalist Camilla Tominey will become a political presenter on the channel and that the Daily Mail ' s Andrew Pierce will launch his own show later in the year. It is also reported that Michael Portillo will be supporting GB News' political coverage and presenting a new programme in the autumn.

- It is reported that GB News has secured £60 million of new investment, having approached investor Sir Paul Marshall for further funding. American multinational Warner Bros. Discovery announces its intention to sell its stake in GB News. GB News announces that co-founders Andrew Cole and Mark Schneider have resigned as directors and sold their stakes in the business.

- It is reported that The Telegraph journalist Camilla Tominey will become a political presenter on the channel and that the Daily Mail ' s Andrew Pierce will launch his own show later in the year. It is also reported that Michael Portillo will be supporting GB News' political coverage and presenting a new programme in the autumn.

- 19 August – GB News airs a two-hour Conservative leadership hustings from Manchester featuring the two candidates, Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak, and hosted by GB News presenter Alastair Stewart.

- 28 August – GB News attracts criticism from Jewish community groups after Peter Imanuelsen, a journalist and alleged Holocaust denier, appeared on the previous evening's edition of Neil Oliver 's programme to talk about population decline in the UK. Imanuelsen rejects claims of denying the Holocaust, blaming "fake, photoshopped screenshots" created by those attempting to "smear" him.

- 31 August − GB News performs a shakeup of its daytime schedule which will take effect from the first week in September, giving Gloria de Piero and Philip Davies and Esther McVey new shows, while Alexandra Phillips and Colin Brazier are axed from the channel.

#### September 2022

- 7 September – GB News appoints Nicole O'Shea as commercial director, responsible for advertising on the channel.

- 8 September – GB News suspends advertising following news of the death of Queen Elizabeth II.

- 19 September – The channel covers Queen Elizabeth II's state funeral, and is one of a number of British television channels to take pooled footage of the funeral proceedings from the BBC.

- 21 September – Helen Warner, chief creative officer at broadcast production company Whisper and former head of daytime at ITV and Channel 4, is appointed GB News head of television as the channel seeks to expand its programme content.

#### October 2022

- 2 October – The Sunday Times reports that the value of GB News has more than halved since Discovery sold its stake in the news channel. Michael Portillo's new show, called Portillo, launches, covering politics and the arts.

- The Sunday Times reports that the value of GB News has more than halved since Discovery sold its stake in the news channel.

- Michael Portillo's new show, called Portillo, launches, covering politics and the arts.

- 6 October – It is reported that GB News has appointed Reach plc executive Geoff Marsh as its chief digital officer.

- 10 October – Actor John Cleese confirms he will present a programme for GB News from 2023, where he will work alongside Andrew Doyle.

- 14 October – Ofcom announces an investigation into GB News over its coverage of matters relating to COVID-19 vaccination following an interview with the author Naomi Wolf that aired on 4 October, and during which she claimed women were being harmed by COVID-19 vaccines as part of an effort "to destroy British civil society", while likening the behaviour of the medical profession to that of Nazi Germany. Ofcom's investigation will cover whether the interview broke "rules designed to protect viewers from harmful material", and is the second such investigation into the news channel.

#### November 2022

- 7 November – Ofcom finds GB News Radio in breach of the broadcasting code Rule 6.0 for not providing notification of all parties and candidates standing in the 2022 Birmingham Erdington by-election during an on air discussion on 2 March. While the channel did show onscreen details of the candidates during the To the Point debate on 2 March, the same information was not provided for its radio simulcast.

#### December 2022

- 21 December – News company The News Movement confirms that Becca Hutson, GB News' former head of digital who left the channel in October, is joining to become its UK head of news.

### 2023

#### January 2023

- 9 January – It is reported that GB News has hired comedian Dapper Laughs as a commentator on its late night newspaper review show, Headliners.

- 13 January – It is reported that former GB News presenter Mercy Muroki has been hired by the UK government to advise Kemi Badenoch, the Minister for Women and Equalities, on gender policy.

- 17 January – GB News head of television Helen Warner leaves her post after four months with the channel.

- 26 January – GB News announces it has hired Conservative MP and former Business Secretary Jacob Rees-Mogg to present a show.

#### February 2023

- 6 February – Mark Steyn, who used his GB News show to cast doubt on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, quits the channel after claiming its bosses tried to make him pay fines issued by Ofcom following two investigations into his programme.

- 8 February – The Board of Deputies of British Jews and the All-Party Parliamentary Group Against Antisemitism urge the media regulator Ofcom and GB News to tackle what it describes as the channel's indulgence in conspiracy theories. The comments follow the 4 February edition of Neil Oliver 's programme in which he described a "silent war" by generations of politicians to take "total control of the people" by creating a "one-world government".

- 14 February – It is reported that former Loose Women presenter Saira Khan will join Eamonn Holmes on GB News on the Monday and Tuesday editions of The Great British Breakfast.

- 21 February – The Telegraph journalist Christopher Hope announces he is joining GB News as head of politics and political editor later in the year.

- 28 February – Intelligence tool Foresight News appoints GB News deputy news editor Jamie Micklethwaite as its deputy editor.

#### March 2023

- March – GB News moves from its gbnews.uk URL to gbnews.com at the start of March to help build its presence outside the UK. The new website also includes new features such as dedicated pages for each show and a full catch-up service.

- 5 March – It is announced that Dame Arlene Foster will expand her role at GB News, taking on further presenting duties alongside making documentaries for the channel. Her first documentary, looking at the role of faith in politics, is to come out later in the year.

- 6 March – GB News confirms it will air coverage of the Twelfth of July parade from Belfast for the second year running. Foster will again present coverage of the parade. Ofcom says that GB News broke broadcasting rules in April 2022 when Mark Steyn made "potentially harmful and materially misleading" claims about COVID-19 vaccines.

- GB News confirms it will air coverage of the Twelfth of July parade from Belfast for the second year running. Foster will again present coverage of the parade.

- Ofcom says that GB News broke broadcasting rules in April 2022 when Mark Steyn made "potentially harmful and materially misleading" claims about COVID-19 vaccines.

- 7 March – GB News announces that Conservative MP Lee Anderson is to host a show on the channel.

- 9 March – GB News reports a loss of £30 million for its first year on air, from June 2021 to June 2022. It also had a turnover of £3.6 million over the same period.

- 11 March – GB News airs The Alternative Match of the Day, hosted by Mark Dolan and Patrick Christys, following the BBC's announcement that Gary Lineker would be taking a "step back" from presenting Match of the Day after Lineker's criticism of the UK's asylum policy via Twitter. The programme does not show any actual football coverage, and is panned on social media by viewers who believed it to be a parody.

- 19 March – GB News airs the final edition of Alastair Stewart & Friends. Alastair Stewart announces his retirement a few days later.

- 23 March – GB News announces plans to expand its political coverage and establish a new studio in Westminster. It is reported that Lee Anderson will be paid £100,000 a year for his new presenting role with the channel.

- GB News announces plans to expand its political coverage and establish a new studio in Westminster.

- It is reported that Lee Anderson will be paid £100,000 a year for his new presenting role with the channel.

#### April 2023

- 3 April – Ofcom launches an investigation into GB News over potential impartiality following a programme in which Chancellor Jeremy Hunt was interviewed by presenters and Conservative MPs Esther McVey and Philip Davies. Ofcom will look at whether the programme, aired on 11 March, broke its rules "requiring news and current affairs to be presented with due impartiality".

- 8/9 April – GB News airs The GB News Easter Special, a programme in which Calvin Robinson, an Anglican transitional deacon, discusses faith and contemporary issues with four Christian academics. The programme also includes singing and readings from religious text.

#### May 2023

- 2 May – While broadcasting live from Buckingham Palace on GB News, Jacob Rees-Mogg is told to evacuate by police as a controlled explosion is carried out following the arrest of a man for throwing shotgun cartridges into the palace grounds.

- 3 May – Former US President Donald Trump is a guest on Nigel Farage 's GB News show.

- 9 May – Ofcom finds GB News in breach of broadcasting regulations over its October 2021 edition of Mark Steyn's programme in which it was claimed the COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom amounted to "mass murder". The regulator finds that GB News did not do enough to protect its viewers from harmful content, and rules that GB News must now attend a meeting with Ofcom.

#### June 2023

- 21 June – Ofcom have received 61 complaints about the 18 June edition of GB News's Headliners in which comedian Lewis Schaffer made a string of claims about COVID-19, including that it was not a real virus.

- 23 June – Debut of Lee Anderson 's new show, Lee Anderson's Real World, on GB News. The first edition sees him joined by fellow MP Brendan Clarke-Smith, who he spoon feeds baked beans as part of a taste test.

- 29 June – Conservative MP Lee Anderson faces censure from the Serjeant at Arms of the House of Commons for filming a promotional video for his GB News programme on Parliamentary property without permission.

#### July 2023

- 3 July – Ofcom launches investigations into an episode of Jacob Rees-Mogg's State of the Nation that aired on GB News on 9 May, and an edition of Richard Tice presented by Alex Salmond on TalkTV on 2 April, both of which covered news stories, but were presented by politicians. The State of the Nation investigation will establish whether the edition of the programme, which covered a jury verdict on former US President Donald Trump, complies with broadcast regulations, while the Richard Tice investigation will look at whether the programme was presented with due impartiality. The former received 40 complaints after airing, while the latter received two.

- 7 July – Ofcom launches an investigation into a GB News campaign that urges the UK government to introduce legislation to stop "Britain becoming a cashless society" following a complaint. The "Don't Kill Cash" petition, which has been signed by more than 166,000 people, potentially breaches Ofcom's rules that require broadcasters to not comment on "matters of political and industrial controversy or current public policy".

- 10 July – The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards opens an investigation into Conservative MP Lee Anderson for using the roof of his Westminster office to film a promotional video for his GB News show.

- 18 July – GB News presenter Dan Wootton says that he has made "errors of judgement in the past" but denied any criminality following allegations he offered to pay colleagues several thousand pounds for explicit pictures of themselves.

- 28 July – BBC News Online reports that a clip of GB News presenter Neil Oliver accusing the BBC "and others" of "driving fear" over climate change by using "supposedly terrifying temperatures", has been viewed more than two million times on social media since Oliver made the comments four days earlier during a discussion about the 2023 Rhodes wildfires.

#### August 2023

- 3 August – Figures published by RAJAR for the second quarter of 2023 indicate a 14% year-on-year increase of listeners to GB News Radio, with 317,000 in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 277,000 during the second quarter of 2022. Following a protest by Greenpeace activists, who climbed on to the roof of Rishi Sunak's house, GB News stages a stunt in retaliation for the demonstration. Reporter Ben Leo is sent to Greenpeace's London offices without invitation. During the visit he speaks to Greenpeace officials, wonders around the premises, and makes himself a cup of tea.

- Figures published by RAJAR for the second quarter of 2023 indicate a 14% year-on-year increase of listeners to GB News Radio, with 317,000 in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 277,000 during the second quarter of 2022.

- Following a protest by Greenpeace activists, who climbed on to the roof of Rishi Sunak's house, GB News stages a stunt in retaliation for the demonstration. Reporter Ben Leo is sent to Greenpeace's London offices without invitation. During the visit he speaks to Greenpeace officials, wonders around the premises, and makes himself a cup of tea.

- 7 August – Ofcom launches four separate investigations into impartiality at GB News, three of them relating to programmes presented by Jacob Rees-Mogg, Phillip Davies and Esther McVey, and the fourth concerning an edition of Laurence Fox 's show presented by Martin Daubney. The investigations concern politicians presenting news coverage.

- 10 August – Byline Times reports several allegations of "racism, sexism and misogyny" involving staff and senior figures at GB News.

- 22 August – GB News have appointed Chris Rogers as editor of their breakfast programme and say they have "ambitious" plans for the show.

#### September 2023

- 6 September – The Glasgow Herald reports that controversial GB News presenter Neil Oliver has resigned from the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

- 9 September – A clip of GB News presenter Martin Daubney presenting a breaking news article about the arrest of prison escapee Daniel Khalife goes viral after Daubney becomes flustered while trying to report the story.

- 18 September – An Ofcom investigation into a GB News programme during which Esther McVey and Phillip Davies interviewed Chancellor Jeremy Hunt before the 2023 budget finds the programme failed to include an "appropriately wide range of significant views".

- 21 September – GB News says it is continuing to "monitor" allegations against Dan Wootton, but that they have not been "proved by an independent body".

- 27 September – GB News suspends Laurence Fox and Dan Wootton after comments made on the previous evening's edition of Tonight with Dan Wootton during which Fox asked "what self-respecting man" would "climb into bed" with journalist Ava Evans. GB News says it will formally apologise to Evans for the remarks.

- 28 September – Ofcom launches an investigation into the 26 September edition of the GB News programme Dan Wootton Tonight after receiving 7,300 complaints about comments made by Laurence Fox, while MailOnline terminates its contract with Wootton, who wrote a twice weekly column for the newspaper.

- 29 September – GB News boss Angelos Frangopoulos tells the BBC Laurence Fox's comments about Ava Evans were "way past the limits of acceptance" and that GB News is conducting its own investigation into what happened, which he expects "to be resolved very quickly". Laurence Fox apologises for his comments about Ava Evans, describing them as "demeaning" and "not representative of who I am". Calvin Robinson, who presents a religious affairs programme for GB News, becomes the third presenter to be suspended by the news channel after voicing his support for Dan Wootton in an online post. Robinson said he would not appear on Dan Wootton Tonight without Wootton, claiming "if he falls, we all fall". Ahead of the broadcast of an interview with Conservative Home Secretary Suella Braverman conducted by Conservative deputy chair and GB News presenter Lee Anderson, the chief executive of Ofcom, Melanie Dawes, says there are no present rules to prevent GB News using Anderson to interview Braverman.

- GB News boss Angelos Frangopoulos tells the BBC Laurence Fox's comments about Ava Evans were "way past the limits of acceptance" and that GB News is conducting its own investigation into what happened, which he expects "to be resolved very quickly".

- Laurence Fox apologises for his comments about Ava Evans, describing them as "demeaning" and "not representative of who I am".

- Calvin Robinson, who presents a religious affairs programme for GB News, becomes the third presenter to be suspended by the news channel after voicing his support for Dan Wootton in an online post. Robinson said he would not appear on Dan Wootton Tonight without Wootton, claiming "if he falls, we all fall".

- Ahead of the broadcast of an interview with Conservative Home Secretary Suella Braverman conducted by Conservative deputy chair and GB News presenter Lee Anderson, the chief executive of Ofcom, Melanie Dawes, says there are no present rules to prevent GB News using Anderson to interview Braverman.

- 30 September – Media outlets, including The Observer, report that British banker George Farmer, the former boss of Parler and husband of US pro-Trump Conservative commentator Candace Owens, has joined the board of GB News.

#### October 2023

- 2 October – Allegations surface that GB News is employing at least five people who have faced allegations of sexual impropriety, including one accused of rape.

- 4 October – Laurence Fox and Calvin Robinson are sacked from GB News following the controversy over comments made by Fox about journalist Ava Evans. The number of Ofcom complaints received about the edition of Dan Wootton Tonight in which Fox made his comments about Ava Evans has passed 8,000.

- Laurence Fox and Calvin Robinson are sacked from GB News following the controversy over comments made by Fox about journalist Ava Evans.

- The number of Ofcom complaints received about the edition of Dan Wootton Tonight in which Fox made his comments about Ava Evans has passed 8,000.

- 17 October – GB News is removed from the internal television system of the Senedd following comments made by Laurence Fox, which a spokesman for the Presiding Officer describes as "deliberately offensive".

- 23 October – Ofcom finds GB News breached its regulations on impartiality during a programme which aired on 16 June. Former Brexit Party MEP Martin Daubney was standing in for Laurence Fox when he interviewed Reform Party leader Richard Tice and discussed immigration. Ofcom finds Tice was not "sufficiently challenged" on his views and "the limited alternative views presented were dismissed". However, Ofcom decides that Lee Anderson's interview with Home Secretary Suella Braverman did not breach their impartiality rules as it was a current affairs programme.

- 25 October – Welsh Conservative leader Andrew RT Davies appears on Nigel Farage 's GB News programme, later facing criticism from a senior Welsh Government minister for "appalling misogyny" for suggesting that Senedd Convenor Elin Jones was too "busy doing her hair" to appear on the programme.

- 26 October – RAJAR audience figures for the third quarter of 2023 show GB News Radio with an average weekly audience of 398,000 listeners.

- 27 October – GB News have hired former Prime Minister Boris Johnson to present a series "showcasing the power of Britain around the world"; he will also help to provide coverage of the next UK and US elections.

- 29 October – The first episode of The Dinosaur Hour hosted by comedian and presented John Cleese is broadcast.

#### November 2023

- 3 November – Patrick Christys raises over £234,000 in a fundraiser launched on his show on 30 October for the Royal British Legion.

- 12 November – Ofcom chair Michael Grade tells Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg that Ofcom does not "want to be in the business of telling broadcasters, licensees, who they can employ, who they can't employ". The comment comes in response to questions as to whether GB News should be allowed to employ politicians as presenters on its channel.

- 15 November – Senedd Presiding Officer Elin Jones announces an independent review of television channels that will be available in the Senedd building following her previous ban of GB News.

- November – In response to an advertiser boycott, GB News introduces an online paywall with three membership tiers. This it part of a strategy to obtain fresh income streams following substantial financial losses in its first year.

#### December 2023

- 6 December – Television and radio presenter Carol Vorderman discloses that she rejected an offer from GB News after leaving BBC Radio Wales over the BBC's new social media guidelines.

- 11 December – Sky News reports that GB News has asked its investors for a further £30m in capital.

- 18 December – Ofcom rules that GB News broke impartiality rules with an edition of The Live Desk that promoted its "Don't Kill Cash" campaign.

- 20 December – Ofcom reveals that the edition of Dan Wootton Tonight featuring Laurence Fox's comments about journalist Ava Evans was the most complained about TV show of 2023, with 8,867 viewer complaints received by the watchdog.

### 2024

#### January 2024

- 8 January – Ofcom delays the publication of research into politicians presenting news programmes until it has ruled on investigations open into GB News.

- 11 January – The Liberal Democrats ask Ofcom to investigate GB News over alleged bias in its coverage of the Post Office scandal, including what the party's deputy leader, Daisy Cooper, describes as "a fictitious monologue" Nigel Farage delivered about the Liberal Democrat leader, Sir Ed Davey, which she says contained "a number of factual inaccuracies".

- 17 January – An error with the calculation of viewing figures that had given GB News a million viewers for its New Year's Eve coverage is corrected by BARB, and shows the channel actually had 33,000 viewers that evening.

#### February 2024

- 1 February – RAJAR figures for the final quarter of 2023 indicate GB News Radio had an average weekly audience of 430,000.

- 12 February – Prime Minister Rishi Sunak appears on an hour long GB News People's Forum, where a selected audience of undecided voters are invited to ask him questions. The programme is presented by Stephen Dixon.

- 19 February – Ofcom launches an impartiality investigation into GB News's Q&A session with prime minister Rishi Sunak.

- 20 February – GB News announces it has ended its radio advertising and sponsorship contract with Bauer Media, and that it is launching its own advertising sales operation.

- 21 February – The Metropolitan Police says it will take no further action over allegations that Dan Wootton offered to pay colleagues for sexually explicit pictures of themselves.

- 24 February – Lee Anderson is suspended from the Conservative Party after "refusing to apologise" for claiming "Islamists" had "got control" of London Mayor Sadiq Khan during an edition of his GB News show the previous day.

#### March 2024

- 4 March – Following its investigation into the episode of GB News 's Dan Wootton Tonight during which Laurence Fox made comments about journalist Ava Evans, Ofcom concludes that the programme was in breach of its regulations. The watchdog says the comments "constituted a highly personal attack on Ms Evans and were potentially highly offensive to viewers", and says that it has "significant concerns about GB News' editorial control of its live output" and is requiring it "provide further detailed information about its compliance practices in this area".

- 5 March – Dan Wootton announces his departure from GB News following the previous day's Ofcom ruling.

- 18 March – Ofcom finds that five episodes of GB News shows, presented by Jacob Rees Mogg, Esther McVey and Phillip Davies, broke their rules, and warns the channel about its use of Conservative MPs to host news content.

#### April 2024

- 4 April – GB News hires Steven Edgington as its North America correspondent, making him the channel's first international correspondent.

- 11 April – Sky News reports that hedge fund manager Sir Paul Marshall is to relinquish his seat on the board of All Perspectives Ltd, the company that owns GB News, as the television channel faces a major restructuring process.

- 19 April – GB News chief executive Angelos Frangopoulos announces 40 redundancies at the channel after it previously posted heavy financial losses.

#### May 2024

- 20 May – Ofcom says it is considering imposing a statutory sanction against GB News after concluding its programme People's Forum: The Prime Minister, a Q&A session with prime minister Rishi Sunak that aired in February, broke impartiality rules.

- 23 May – GB News announces plans to launch legal action against Ofcom after the regulator ruled the channel had broken broadcasting rules.

#### June 2024

- No events.

#### July 2024

- 2 July – Eamonn Holmes is forced to leave his GB News breakfast show half way through the programme due to ill health.

- 11 July – A week after his election to Parliament, GB News announces that Nigel Farage is returning to his show on the channel, presenting on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 16 July.

- 16 July – The Radio Today website reports that sports bulletins on GB News Radio are now being powered by Artificial Intelligence and voiced by a virtual newsreader.

#### August 2024

- 29 August – Newsreader Ray Addison announces his departure from GB News after reading his final news bulletin for the channel.


Longwood, Florida

# Longwood, Florida

## Abstract

Longwood is a city in Seminole County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 15,087 at the 2020 census.

## History

With the advent of World War II, growth began to impact Longwood as military personnel flowed into the new Naval Air Station Sanford to the north and Orlando Army Air Base to the south. By the 1950s, NAS Sanford was being converted into a Master Jet Base for carrier-based heavy attack aircraft and, along with the re-designated Orlando Air Force Base and nearby Pinecastle AFB (later renamed McCoy AFB), saw even more military families renting or purchasing homes in and around Longwood. In 1959, the city had slightly over 1,000 residents and a city limit boundary that measured approximately 1-by-1-mile (1.6 by 1.6 km) square. In 1960, Longwood Elementary School was constructed and opened inside the city limits. During the 1950s and 1960s, the city also boasted its own airport, a single runway grass airstrip used mainly by private airplanes. Longwood Slade Airport was located on the west side of the city on the north side of State Road 434 until it was closed and developed into tract housing that became The Woodlands subdivision in the late 1960s, its entrance road being named Slade Drive.

New economic and development opportunities were brought to the area in the 1960s and 1970s, fueled by both the military and the space industry, as newly arriving Longwood residents were employed at Martin-Marietta 's new missile plant in Orlando; Naval Air Station Sanford; Orlando Air Force Base (redesignated Naval Training Center Orlando in 1969); and McCoy Air Force Base in Orlando; as well as Cape Canaveral Air Force Station; Patrick Air Force Base; and the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center in Brevard County. The development and opening of Walt Disney World in October 1971, along with other tourist attractions and the high technology corridor of businesses, especially those engaged in the modeling, simulation and training (MS&T) industry and associated military training systems activities near Florida Technological University (FTU), now the University of Central Florida (UCF), fueled even further growth. Short-term economic downturns caused by the closure of NAS Sanford in 1968 and McCoy AFB in 1975 were offset with other economic growth across Central Florida during the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, Longwood developed into primarily a residential community for residents working elsewhere in Seminole County or in adjacent Orange County. By 2000, the city had taken significant steps to revitalize its downtown historic district, expanded its borders through annexation and in the process gained a resident population exceeding 13,700.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.6 square miles (15 km), of which 5.3 square miles (14 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (5.17%) is water.

The exact coordinates for the City of Longwood is 28°42′05″N 81°20′55″W / 28.70139°N 81.34861°W.

## Economy

### Top employers

According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

## Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,087 people, 5,697 households, and 3,769 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 13,657 people, 4,969 households, and 3,456 families residing in the city.

## Arts and culture

### Points of interest

- Bradlee-McIntyre House

- Lady Liberty tree

- Longwood Hotel

- Longwood Historic District

- Longwood (SunRail station)

- The Senator tree

## Education

The city of Longwood's public schools are a part of Seminole County Public Schools. Longwood contains four public elementary schools (K–5), two public middle schools (6–8), and one public high school (9–12). Two additional high schools are located outside of Longwood, but draw some students from within the city limits.

### Elementary schools (public)

- Longwood Elementary School (closed in 2011, but reopened in the 2017–2018 school year)

- Sabal Point Elementary School

- Wekiva Elementary School

- Woodlands Elementary School

### Middle schools (public)

- Greenwood Middle School (in Lake Mary)

- Milwee Middle School

- Rock Lake Middle School

- Teague Middle School (in Altamonte Springs)

### High schools (public)

- Lake Brantley High School (in Altamonte Springs)

- Lake Mary High School (in Lake Mary)

- Lyman High School

### Private Schools

- Pace Brantley Preparatory School

## Media

In 1965, the city served as a film site and backdrop, representing a fictional south Florida town adjacent to a Seminole Indian tribe reservation in the Universal Studios movie Johnny Tiger. Released in 1966, the movie starred Robert Taylor, Geraldine Brooks and Chad Everett.

## Infrastructure

### Transportation

#### Major roads

A small slice of Interstate 4 runs along the western city limits and includes a single exit for State Road 434, which bisects the city to its eastern boundary at US Highway 17/92.

- I-4 (Interstate 4)

- US 17 / US 92

- SR 434

- CR 427 (Ronald Reagan Boulevard)

#### Public transit

- Lynx

- SunRail

## Notable people

- Jared Bernhardt, wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons

- Bishop Clint S. Brown, gospel musician and pastor

- Rusty Day. a singer with the band Cactus

- Peter Demens, co-owner first mill, built Orange Belt Railroad, co-founded St. Petersburg

- Mandy Moore, singer, songwriter, actress and voice actress

- Matt Morgan, retired wrestler who performed for both WWE and TNA Wrestling, former mayor of Longwood.

- David Richardson, first openly gay member of Florida House of Representatives

- R.C. Sproul, theologian

- Phyllis Thaxter, actress

- Logan Warmoth, shortstop in the Toronto Blue Jays organization

- Graham Zusi, a United States men's national soccer team soccer player


History of Debreceni VSC

# History of Debreceni VSC

## Abstract

Debreceni Vasutas Sport Club is a professional Hungarian football club based in Debrecen, Hungary.

## Early years (1902–1942)

The club was founded on 12 March 1902, initially being known as "Egyetértés Futball Club" but on becoming independent it was renamed "Debreceni Vasutas Sport Club" (Debrecen Railway Sports Club). In 1926 professionalism came to the Hungarian football scene, with the unfortunate result that Bocskai FC was formed using players from DVSC and city rivals DKASE and DTE, with the result that Bocskai FC ruled the football roost in Debrecen for 15 years while DVSC continued to struggle in the lower divisions. In 1940 the professional/amateur division of players was abolished and Bocskai FC suffered financial collapse, returning DVSC to top-dog position in the city. Debrecen reached the Hungarian First Division for the first time in 1942–43, but then suffered something of a yo-yo existence for the next fifty years, suffering eight relegations in all, and even starting the 1967 season in the Third Division. During this period the club underwent a number of name changes. It became "Debreceni Vasutas Sport Egyesület" in 1948–49, "Debreceni Lokomotiv" (hence the nickname) in 1949, "Debreceni Törekvés" in the 1955–56 season, and it was known as "Debreceni Vasutas SC" from 1957 to 1979. In 1979 the two city teams, DVSC and DMTE were united into one team, called DMVSC, but after ten years the clubs split again and the team adopted its current name.

## Back to the First Division

Debrecen's most successful period has been since its most recent promotion to the First Division in 1993, since when the club has won its only national honours – the Hungarian Cup was won in 1999 and 2001, and the Hungarian League title for the first time in 2005. Although the team was relegated from top flight football in 2001 as a result of questionable refereeing on home matches (Ref. Béla Kiss was helped to escape from the stadium by officials in order to avoid the crowd's anger after the match against Budapest Honvéd FC), the then promoted BKV Előre SC could not afford to play in the first league in lack of the necessary financial conditions, thus DVSC remained in the top flight as the better relegated team according to the rules and regulations of the championship which led to some controversy whether it was just.

The first international matches were played in 1998 in the Intertoto Cup. Debreceni VSC beat Dnepr Mogilev, FC Hradec Králové, Hansa Rostock, and lost to Ruch Chorzów in the semi-finals.

In 1999 Debrecen played in the first round of the UEFA Cup 1999-00 and they were beaten by the German VfL Wolfsburg 3–2 on aggregate. Although Debrecen beat the German club 2–1 at home, they lost 2–0 in the away-game, and their first UEFA Cup season ended.

## 2000s: Golden years

Debrecen won the 2000–01 Magyar Kupa. Therefore, in 2001 Debrecen they could enter the UEFA Cup 2001-02 where they beat the Moldovan club Nistru Otaci 3–1 on aggregate in the first round. In the second round of the UEFA Cup Debrecen played with the French club Bordeaux. They lost 5–1 away, but beat the French club 3–1 at home.

Debrecen finished third in the 2002-03 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season. Therefore, they entered the UEFA Cup 2003-04 season. Debrecen drew with the Lithuanian club FK Ekranas in the first leg of the qualifiers, while in the second leg the result was the same. After extra time Debrecen scored a goal and won 3–2 on aggregate. In the first round they had to face NK Varteks. Debrecen won both matches, 3–1 in the first leg and 3–2 in the second leg. The team won 6–3 on aggregate causing the resignation of the coach of the Croatian club. In the second round Debrecen faced with the Greek PAOK. In the first leg they drew 1–1 in the Toumba Stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece. At home the result was a goalless draw, therefore Debrecen went through on away goals (1–1). Debrecen's first successful UEFA Cup career was ended in the third round when they faced with the Belgian Club Brugge. In the first leg Debrecen was beaten by 1–0 in Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges, Belgium. The goalless second leg resulted the end of the march of the Hungarian club.

In the 2003–04 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season Debrecen finished third, therefore they could play in the UEFA Intertoto Cup 2004–05 season. In the first round Debrecen faced with the Slovak club Spartak Trnava. In the first leg Debrecen lost 3–0 in Trnava, Slovakia, while at home they won 4–1. Debrecen were eliminated from the Intertoto Cup on away goals (4–4).

In 2005 Debrecen won their first Hungarian National Championship title preceding Ferencváros by six points. As a consequence the team could play in the UEFA Champions League for the first time. The first match in the UEFA Champions League 2005-06 qualifiers was played in 2005 against the Croatian club, Hajduk Split. Debreceni VSC beat the Croatian rivals 8–0 on aggregate beating Hajduk Split 3–0 at home and 5–0 away. In the next round Debreceni VSC had to face one of the best teams in Europe, Manchester United and lost 0–6 on aggregate. Debrecen could have consoled themselves in the 2005–06 UEFA Cup, but they had to face the Ukrainian club Shakhtar Donetsk. In the first leg (15 September 2005) the Ukrainian club beat Debrecen 4–1 in the RSC Olimpiyskiy stadium in Donetsk, Ukraine. The only Hungarian goal was scored by Sidibe. In the second leg (29 September 2005) Debrecen lost 2–0 in the Stadion Oláh Gábor Út. Debrecen were eliminated 6–1 on aggregate.

Debrecen managed to duplicate the feat and win the Hungarian National Championship I 2005-06, after in the last round on 3 June, they defeated Pápa 4–1, and the then the leader of the league Újpest (who had the same number of points as Debrecen but had more away wins) lost to Fehérvár in a climactic battle ending in 3–1, which also caused Fehérvár to place 3rd.

In the qualifiers of the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League Debrecen faced with Macedonian champion Rabotnički Skopje. In the first leg (26 July 2006) Debrecen drew at home in the Stadion Oláh Gábor Út. the Hungarian goal was scored by Róbert Zsolnai. In the second leg (2 August 2006) Debrecen took the lead by a goal by Sidibe in the 20th minute, but Rabotnicki scored four more goals. Debrecen were eliminated from the UEFA Champions League on 5–2 aggregate. After being eliminated from the Champions League Supka resigned.

In the Hungarian National Championship I 2006-07 season Debrecen became again champion on the 28th match-day beating Rákospalotai EAC on home turf. Debrecen became the first non-Budapest team winning the Hungarian title for the third time in a row.

András Herczeg 's first trophy was won against Budapest Honvéd by 4–1 on aggregate. The first leg finished 1–1 in the Bozsik Stadion. In the second leg Dzsudzsák scored twice, while the third goals was scored by Kiss.

In the UEFA Champions League 2007-08 season Debrecen entered in the second qualifying round. Debrecen faced with the Swedish champion Elfsborg. The Swedish club won the first leg by 1–0, while a goalless draw in Sweden was enough for Elfsborg to go through the third qualifying round. Debreceni VSC were eliminated from the UEFA Champions League 1–0 on aggregate.

In the 2007–08 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season Debrecen finished second while MTK became first. Debrecen won the 2007–08 Magyar Kupa season by beating Budapest Honvéd in the final 9–1 on aggregate. Given the fact that Debrecen finished second in the Hungarian League and won the Hungarian Cup, the club qualified for the UEFA Cup 2008-09 season. Debrecen had to enter the first qualifying round.

Since Debrecen could not win the Hungarian Championship, they had to play in the UEFA Cup 2008-09. In the first round of the Central-East region they drew in Kazakhstan against Shakhter Karagandy 1–1, while in the second leg they beat the Kazakh team by 1–0. Debrecen qualified for the second round by 2–1 on aggregate. In the second round Debrecen faced with the Swiss Young Boys. In the first leg they lost 4–1 in Bern. In the second leg they lost 3–2 at home. Debrecen were eliminated from the UEFA Cup by 3–7 on aggregate.

Debrecen won the Hungarian National Championship I 2008–09 after beating their provincial rivals Diósgyőr 3–2 away. Debrecen became the most successful non-Budapest team in Hungary with four Hungarian Championship titles.

On 15 July 2009 Debreceni VSC beat Kalmar FF 2–0 at home by the goals of Kiss and Varga. In the away match Debrecen lost to the Swedish champion by 3–1, but they qualified for the next round because they won on away goals. In the third round of the Champions League Debrecen played their first match in Estonia against Levadia Tallinn on 29 July 2009. Debrecen won the match thanks to the 70th-minute goal of Leandro. At home in Debrecen on 5 August 2009, the team beat the Estonian champion by 1–0. In the play-offs of the Champions League 2009–10 Debrecen faced with the Bulgarian champion Levski Sofia. The first match was played in Sofia on 19 August 2009, where Debrecen beat the Bulgarian club by 2–1. Although Levski Sofia scored an equalizer, Debrecen were able to respond with a goal which came in the 76th minute by Czvitkovics. Debrecen won the first leg of the play-off in Bulgaria. Debrecen beat Levski Sofia by 2–0 in front of 32,000 spectators and won 4–1 on aggregate. They were drawn in group E of the competition alongside Liverpool, Lyon and Fiorentina. Debrecen played their first ever Champions League group match against Liverpool at Anfield. The only goal of the match was scored by Kuyt. Although Debrecen were unable to get points from the group matches, their supporters could experience the atmosphere of the Champions League.

## 2010s

In 2010 Debrecen was competing for the title with Videoton In the last round the difference between the two teams were only one point. Videoton had to beat Győri ETO away, while Debreceni VSC had to beat Kecskeméti TE away. Neither Videoton nor Debrecen were able to win in the last round, therefore the difference remained one point. As a consequence, Debreceni VSC won the Hungarian National Championship I 2009–10 despite losing to Kecskeméti TE in the last round. In 2010 Debrecen beat Zalaegerszegi TE in the Hungarian Cup final in the Puskás Ferenc Stadium by 3–2.

In 2010 Debrecen beat Levadia Tallinn 4–3 on aggregate in the second round of the UEFA Champions League 2010–11. In the third round they lost to FC Basel 5–1 on aggregate. Debrecen were eliminated yet again. Debrecen consoled themselves in the UEFA Europa League 2010–11. Debrecen beat Litex Lovech 4–1 on aggregate reaching the group stages of the Europa League. Debrecen were drawn in group I of the competition alongside PSV Eindhoven, Sampdoria, and Metalist Kharkiv. Debrecen finally obtained their first points in the Europa League. Péter Kabát 's two goals were enough to beat Sampdoria by 2–0. However, these three point were not enough to qualify for the knockout phase of the Europa League 2010-11.

Elemér Kondás was appointed as the new manager of the club on 20 April 2011. In the 2011–12 the team started with a seven consecutive wins. The record run was stopped by a draw against Siófok. On 1 May 2012 Debrecen beat MTK Budapest on penalty shoot-out in the 2011–12 season of the Hungarian Cup final winning the trophy for the fifth time. On 12 May 2012 Debrecen beat Pécs in the 28th round of the Hungarian League by 4–0 at the Oláh Gábor út Stadium which resulted the sixth Hungarian League title for the Hajdús. Debrecen finished the 2011–12 season of the Hungarian League unbeaten with 22 victories and only 8 draws.

In the UEFA Champions League 2012–13 season Debrecen faced the Albanian champions Skënderbeu Korçë in the second round of the qualifiers. The first leg was played in Korçë and won by the Albanian champions 1–0, while the second leg was played in Nyíregyháza (the home of Nyíregyháza Spartacus) since Stadion Oláh Gábor Út did not meet UEFA requirements. In the second leg Coulibaly scored twice, while Varga resulting the 3–1 victory on aggregate over Skënderbeu. In the third round Debrecen faced the Belarus champions BATE Borisov. The first leg was played in Borisov and ended with Sidibe 's two goals, one for Debrecen and a late own goal in the 93rd minute. The second leg was won by the Belarus club 2–0 in Nyíregyháza which resulted the farewell of the club from the UEFA Champions League 2012–13 season. Hungarian defender Nikolov was sent off in the 57th minute which resulted the breakdown of Debrecen. The adieu from the Champions League meant an entry to the play-offs of the UEFA Europa League 2012–13 season. Debrecen faced with the Belgian club Club Brugge who they met in the early 2000s. The first leg was played in Nyíregyháza and the match was won by Brugge 3–0. Debrecen could withstand the attacks of the Belgian club until the expulsion of Luis Ramos in the 45th minute. In the second leg Debrecen lost 4–1 in the Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges. Rezes 's expulsion in the 40th minute resulted a hopeless second half for the club. Debrecen were eliminated 7–1 on aggregate.

On 22 May 2013, Győr could have double their success by winning the 2012–13 Magyar Kupa against Debrecen at the Bozsik Stadion, Budapest. Győr was winning by 1–0 thanks to the goal by Nemanja Andrić in the 19th minute but in the second half Debrecen's Adamo Coulibaly scored two goals which resulted Debrecen's victory over Győr in the Hungarian Cup final.

On 18 July Debrecen played against Strømsgodset in the second qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League 2013–14 season. The first leg ended in a 2–2 tie in Drammen, Norway. The second leg was played on 25 July 2013 at the Városi Stadion in Nyíregyháza since Debrecen's stadium was under construction. The match ended in a 3–0 loss for the local team. The Hungarian Péter Kovács of Stromsgodset scored twice in the two-legged encounter.

Debrecen won the 2013–14 season of the Hungarian League. As a consequence, Debrecen were eligible for entering the second round of the UEFA Champions League 2014–15 season. On 15 July 2014, the first leg ended with a goalless drew against Cliftonville at Solitude in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

In the 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, Debrecen finished fourth. Debrecen were eligible for entering the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season. In the first round, Debrecen beat 3–0 the Montenegrin FK Sutjeska Nikšić at the Nagyerdei Stadion on 2 July 2015.

In the 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I Debrecen finished their contract with Elemér Kondás and he was replaced by András Herczeg as an interim coach on 25 July 2016. On 8 August 2016, the Portuguese Leonel Pontes was appointed as the manager of the club. The Portuguese manager won 8 matches and drew 7 seven times, while lost 13 times in the 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season. Debrecen were twice in the relegation zone during the 38 matches. In the 2016–17 Magyar Kupa Debrecen lost to Győri ETO FC on 14 September 2016 among the bet 128 teams. On 22 May 2017, Pontes left the club with mutual agreement and he was replaced by András Herczeg for the last round against Diósgyőri VTK to escape from the relegation.

On 8 June 2017, it was confirmed by director board of Debrecen that interim manager, Herczeg, remains the manager of Debrecen. Previously he won two Nemzeti Bajnokság I titles, two Magyar Kupa titles, two Szuperkupa titles and managed to qualify for the Champions League group stage.

On 11 July 2017, the new kit was presented in a pub in Debrecen. Géza Róka, club director, said that the club should not be diverted from their road. Debrecen can be successful again only if they should hire football players and coaches who have strong ties with the club.

On 30 December 2019, Zoltán Viteki was appointed as the manager of the club.

## 2020s

On the 27th match day Debrecen drew with Kaposvári Rákóczi FC at the Nagyerdei Stadion. After the match Zoltán Vitelki was sacked. On 7 June 2020, Elemér Kondás was appointed as the manager of the club. On the last match day Debrecen hosted Paksi FC. The final result was 1-1 which resulted the relegation of the club to the Nemzeti Bajnokság II. At the end of the season, Gábor Szima, the owner of the clubs, also sold his shares to the local government of Debrecen.

In the summer of 2020, Debrecen signed some of their former players including Mihály Korhut, József Varga, Ádám Pintér, and Bence Sós.

Debrecen beat DEAC in the second match day of the 2020-21 Nemzeti Bajnokság II.

Balázs Dzsudzsák was appointed as the captain of the team.

On 16 February 2021, Szabolcs Huszti and Gábor Toldi were appointed as the manager of the club.

In February 2021, the new management debuted in the 2020-21 Nemzeti Bajnokság II beating Szeged-Csanád Grosics Akadémia 5–0 at the Szent Gellért Fórum. On the 26th match day, on 27 February 2021, Debrecen suffered a shocking defeat (1−2) against Vasas SC at Nagyerdei Stadion. Róbert Feczesin scored the winning goal in the last minute of the match.

On 9 March 2021, Hungary national football team and former Szombathelyi Haladás, Budapesti Honvéd FC player, Roland Ugrai, was signed by the club.

On 16 May 2021, Debrecen beat Szombathelyi Haladás at Nagyerdei Stadion 4–2. The victory against Haladás meant that Debrecen won the 2020-21 Nemzeti Bajnokság II season and were promoted to the Nemzeti Bajnokság I after spending one year in the second league.

On 25 July 2021, Debrecen played against Serie A club A.S. Roma at the Stadio Benito Stirpe in Frosinone. The training match was won by the Italian club 5–2.

On 31 July 2021, on the first match day of the 2021–22 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season Debrecen were hosted by Budapest Honvéd FC. Debrecen beat Honvéd 4–1 at the newly built Bozsik Aréna. Although Bőle took the lead in the 36th minute, Dzsudzsák, Bárány, Bévárdi and Ugrai scored in the second half.

On 8 November 2021, Joan Carrillo was appointed as the manager of the club. He managed Fehérvár FC previously. On 20 November 2021, Carillo debuted with a 3–1 defeat against Újpest FC at the Szusza Ferenc Stadion.

On 27 June 2022, João Janeiro, previously managed Kisvárda, was appointed as the manager of the club. After four draws and 2 lost matches, he was sacked on 31 August 2022. His last match was a 4–2 defeat against Zalaegerszegi TE on 30 August 2022. On the 32nd match day of the 2022–23 Nemzeti Bajnokság I, Debrecen beat the champions, Ferencváros, 3–1 at the Ferencváros Stadion. On the 33rd match day, Debrecen beat Újpest FC 2-0 and finished 3rd in the 2022–23 Nemzeti Bajnokság I.

Deberecen finished in the fifth position in the 2023–24 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season.

Although Debrecen started the 2024–25 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season with a 3–0 away victory against Győr on 2 August 2024, in the following three matches the club could collect only one point against Kecskemét (1-1) and lost to Diósgyőr (1–0) and Újpest (3–0). Therefore, Srđan Blagojević was dismissed on 26 August 2024.


Pall Mall, London

# Pall Mall, London

## Abstract

Pall Mall / ˌ p æ l ˈ m æ l / is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, a ball game played there during the 17th century, which in turn is derived from the Italian pallamaglio, literally "ball-mallet".

The area was built up during the reign of Charles II with fashionable London residences. It is known for high-class shopping in the 18th century until the present, and gentlemen's clubs in the 19th. The Reform, Athenaeum and Travellers Clubs have survived to the 21st century. The War Office was based on Pall Mall during the second half of the 19th century, and the Royal Automobile Club 's headquarters have been on the street since 1908.

## Geography

The street is around 0.4 miles (0.6 km) long and runs east in the St James's area, from St James's Street across Waterloo Place, to the Haymarket and continues as Pall Mall East towards Trafalgar Square. The street numbers run consecutively from north-side east to west and then continue on the south-side west to east. It is nominally part of the A4, a major road running west from Central London, but is not used as a through road.

## History and topography

### Early history and pall-mall field

Pall Mall was constructed in 1661, replacing an earlier highway slightly to the south that ran from the Haymarket (approximately where Warwick House Street is now) to the royal residence, St James's Palace. Historical research suggests a road had been in this location since Saxon times, although the earliest documentary references are from the 12th century in connection with a leper colony at St James's Hospital. When St. James's Park was laid out by order of Henry VIII in the 16th century, the park's boundary wall was built along the south side of the road. In 1620, the Privy Council ordered the High Sheriff of Middlesex to clear a number of temporary buildings next to the wall that were of poor quality.

Pall-mall, a ball game similar to croquet, was introduced to England in the early 17th century by James I. The game, already popular in France and Scotland, was enjoyed by James' sons Henry and Charles. In 1630, St James's Field, London's first pall-mall court, was laid out to the north of the Haymarket – St James road.

After the Restoration and King Charles II 's return to London on 29 May 1660, another pall-mall court was constructed in St James's Park just south of the wall, on the site of The Mall. Samuel Pepys 's diary entry for 2 April 1661 records: " went into St. James's Park, where I saw the Duke of York playing at Pelemele, the first time that I ever saw the sport". This new court suffered from dust blown over the wall from coaches travelling along the highway. In July 1661 posts and rails were erected, stopping up the old road. The court for pall-mall was very long and narrow, and often known as an alley, so the old court, namely St James's Field, provided a suitable route for relocating the eastern approach to St James's Palace. A grant was made to Dan O'Neale, Groom of the Bedchamber, and John Denham, Surveyor of the King's Works, allocating a 1,400-by-23-foot (427 by 7 m) area of land for this purpose. The grant was endorsed 'Our warrant for the building of the new street to St James's'.

A new road was built on the site of the old pall-mall court, and opened in September 1661. It was named Catherine Street, after Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II, but was better known as Pall Mall Street or the Old Pall Mall. The pall-mall field was a popular place for recreation, and Pepys records several other visits. By July 1665 Pepys used "Pell Mell" to refer to the street as well as the game.

### 17th- and 18th-century buildings

In 1662, Pall Mall was one of several streets "thought fitt immediately to be repaired, new paved or otherwise amended" under the London and Westminster Streets Act 1662 (14 Cha. 2. c. 2). The paving commissioners appointed to oversee the work included the Earl of St Albans. The terms of the act allowed commissioners to remove any building encroaching on the highway, with compensation for those at least 30 years old. The commissioners determined that the real tennis court and adjoining house at the northeast corner of Pall Mall and St James's Street should be demolished, and in 1664 notified Martha Barker, the owner of the Crown lease, to do so. Although Barker initially rejected £230 compensation, the court was demolished by 1679.

The street was developed extensively during 1662–1667. The Earl of St Albans had a lease from the Crown in 1662 on 45 acres (18 ha) of land previously part of St James's Fields. He laid out the site for the development of St James's Square, Jermyn Street, Charles Street, St Albans Street, King Street and other streets now known as St James's. The location was convenient for the royal palaces of Whitehall and St James and the houses on the east, north and west sides of the square were developed along with those on the north side of Pall Mall, each constructed separately as was usual for the time. Houses were not built along the square's south side at first, or the adjoining part of Pall Mall. The Earl petitioned the King in late 1663 that the class of occupants they hoped to attract to the new district would not take houses without the prospect of eventually acquiring them outright. Despite opposition from the Lord Treasurer, the Earl of Southampton, on 1 April 1665 the King granted the Earl of St Albans the freehold of the St James's Square site, along with all the ground on the north side of Pall Mall between St James's Street and the east side of St James's Square. The freehold of the north side of Pall Mall subsequently passed to other private owners.

The Crown kept the freehold of the land south of the street except for No. 79, which was granted to Nell Gwyn 's trustees in 1676 or 1677 by Charles II. The buildings constructed on the south side of Pall Mall in subsequent years were grander than those on the north owing to stricter design and building standards imposed by the crown commissioners. When the main road was relocated further north, some houses suddenly had their backs facing the main road, losing available land for gardening. In 1664, residents filed a petition to turn the old road into gardens, which was successful. The trustees of the Earl of St Albans received a sixty-year lease on most of this from April 1665 so that trustees could issue sub-leases to their tenants.

Several other portions of the old highway were leased for construction. At the east end, land was leased to Sir Philip Warwick who built Warwick House (now the location of Warwick House Street) and to Sir John Denham; this parcel of land became part of the grounds of Marlborough House. Portions leased at the west end included the land between St James's Palace and the tennis court at the corner of St James's Street, and a parcel of land leased to the Duchess of Cleveland that became the site of 8–12 Cleveland Row and Stornoway House. The 18th-century London bookseller Andrew Millar also lived in a townhouse designed by Robert Adam, at 34 Pall Mall.

104 Pall Mall was rebuilt in 1761–2 by John, second Earl of Egmont. Sir John Soane remodelled the house in 1793–4 for Lady Louisa Manners, Countess of Dysart who lived there until 1831. From 1831 to 1836 it was used for the storage and exhibition of the Royal picture collection. In 1836 it was acquired by the Reform Club.

### Later history

By the 18th century, Pall Mall was well known for its shops as well as its grand houses. The shops included that of the Vulliamy family who made clocks at No. 68 between 1765 and 1854. Robert Dodsley ran a bookshop at No. 52, where he suggested the idea of a dictionary to Samuel Johnson. Writers and artists began to move to Pall Mall during this century; both Richard Cosway and Thomas Gainsborough lived at Schomberg House at Nos. 80–82.

The street was one of the first in London to be lit by gas after Frederick Albert Winsor set up experimental lighting on 4 June 1807 to celebrate King George III 's birthday. Permanent lighting was installed in 1820. The eastern end of Pall Mall was widened between 1814 and 1818; a row of houses on its north side was demolished to make way for the Royal Opera Arcade.

Pall Mall is known for the various gentlemen's clubs built there in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Travellers Club was founded in 1819 and moved to No. 49 Pall Mall in 1822. Its current premises at No. 106 were built in 1823 by Charles Barry. The Athenaeum Club took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome, a university founded by the Emperor Hadrian. The club moved to No. 107 Pall Mall in 1830 from tenements in Somerset House. Its entrance hall was designed by Decimus Burton. The Reform Club at Nos. 104–105 was founded for the British Radicals in 1836. The Army and Navy Club at Nos. 36–39 was founded in 1837. The name was suggested by the Duke of Wellington in order to accommodate Royal Navy members. Other clubs on Pall Mall include the United Service Club (now occupied by the Institute of Directors), the Oxford and Cambridge Club and the Royal Automobile Club.

Pall Mall was once the centre of London's fine art scene; in 1824 the Royal Academy, the National Gallery and Christie's auction house were all based on the street.

The freehold of much of the southern side of the Pall Mall is owned by the Crown Estate. In addition to St James's Palace, Marlborough House, which was once a royal residence, is its neighbour to the east, opening off a courtyard just to the south of the street. It was built for Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough who laid the foundation stone in 1709, with building complete by 1711. The house reverted to Crown ownership in 1817; the future King George V was born here in 1865 and briefly lived in the house as Prince of Wales during the reign of his father, Edward VII. It became government-owned in 1959 and houses now the Commonwealth Secretariat and the Commonwealth Foundation. The Prince Regent's Carlton House was built at the eastern end of Pall Mall in 1732 for Frederick, Prince of Wales and later inhabited by his widow, Princess Augusta. A ball was held at the house on 19 June 1811 to celebrate the start of the Prince's regency, but ultimately he did not decide to stay in the house upon ascending the throne, and it was demolished. John Nash built Carlton House Terrace on its site between 1827 and 1832.

Pall Mall was the location of the War Office from 1855 to 1906, with which it became synonymous (just as Whitehall refers to the administrative centre of the UK government). The War Office was accommodated in a complex of buildings based on the ducal mansion, Cumberland House. The office subsequently moved to Whitehall.

The street contained two other architecturally important residences. Schomberg House, at Nos. 80–82 Pall Mall was built in 1698 for Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg and divided into three parts in 1769. The eastern section of the house was demolished in 1850, but reconstructed in the mid-1950s for office use. Buckingham House was the London residence of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. It was rebuilt in the 1790s by Sir John Soane and sold by the Buckingham estate in 1847. The house was demolished in 1908 to make way for the Royal Automobile Club.

No 77-78 Pall Mall was the home of the Marquess of Ailesbury from 1840. In 1892, it was inherited by the Marchioness' nephew, Viscount de Vesci who leased the building to the Office of Works. In 1902, it was granted to Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Helena and her husband Prince Christian as a grace and favour residence and retained as a home by their daughters, Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise until 1947. In 1951, the property was divided: No.77 was occupied by the Oxford and Cambridge University Club, and no.78 by the Eagle Star Insurance Company.

The Institute of Directors was founded in 1903 and received a royal charter in 1906. The former branch of the Midland Bank at Nos. 69–70 Pall Mall was designed by Edwin Lutyens and constructed between 1922 and 1927. The original plan to redevelop No. 70 proved impractical so the two premises were demolished to provide a site for the current premises. The cigarette manufacturer Rothmans has its head office at No. 65 Pall Mall, in a building designed by Norman Shaw, while P&O Ferries ' main administrative office is at No. 79.

## Cultural references

Giacomo Casanova lived in Pall Mall during 1761 as "Chevalier de Seingalt" and documented the stay in his memoirs. When the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray visited Dublin in 1845, he compared Pall Mall to O'Connell Street (then known as Upper Sackville Street). In 1870, Henry Benjamin Wheatley wrote "Round about Piccadilly and Pall Mall", documenting changes in and around the street over the century. A compilation of Oscar Wilde 's works, A Critic in Pall Mall : Being Extracts From Reviews And Miscellanies, was published in 1919, comprising essays he wrote for newspapers and journals from the 1870s to the 1890s.

Pall Mall is the location of the fictional Diogenes Club in the Sherlock Holmes stories, written by Arthur Conan Doyle.

Princess Elizabeth mentioned Pall Mall in her diary on celebrations on VE day: "Out in crowd again," she wrote, " Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly, Pall Mall, walked simply miles. Saw parents on balcony at 12.30 am – ate, partied, bed 3am!"

Pall Mall is part of a group of three squares on the British Monopoly board game, alongside Whitehall and Northumberland Avenue. All three streets converge at Trafalgar Square. Rising house prices across London mean a small flat on Pall Mall, which is in the lowest-priced third of properties on the board, now sells for over £1 million.

Charles Lamb, in his essay "The Superannuated Man," also mentioned this place. The narrator of the essay confesses that he used to "indent the gayer flags of Pall Mall. As the narrator is a superannuated man, he has ample time to spend. Among the means of spending time and enjoying his life is frequently visiting the club houses in Pall Mall, which gave him immense pleasure.


# 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada

## Abstract

The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the four U.S. representatives from the State of Nevada, one from all four of the state's congressional districts. The elections will coincide with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections from the other 49 states to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections were held on June 11, 2024.

## District 1

The 1st district expands from inner Las Vegas towards its southeastern suburbs and some rural parts of Clark County, taking in the cities of Paradise, Henderson, and Boulder City. The incumbent is Democrat Dina Titus, who was reelected with 51.6% of the vote in 2022.

### Democratic primary

#### Nominee

- Dina Titus, incumbent U.S. Representative

### Republican primary

#### Nominee

- Mark Robertson, professor and nominee for this district in 2022

#### Eliminated in primary

- Jim Blockey, retired teacher and candidate for this district in 1998 and 2000

- Michael Boris, appliance repair contractor and comedian

- Flemming Larsen, restaurateur

- Evan Stone, pornographic actor

#### Endorsements

- Americans for Prosperity

### Third-party and independent candidates

#### Declared

- Gabriel Cornejo (Independent), businessman and Democratic candidate for president in 2024

- David Goossen (Independent), casino worker and perennial candidate

- David Havlicek (Libertarian)

- William Hoge (Independent American), former California state assemblyman, nominee for lieutenant governor in 2022, and nominee for state treasurer in 2018

- Ron Quince (Independent), business consultant

- Victor Willert (Independent), CPR instructor and Republican candidate for the 3rd district in 2020

### General election

#### Endorsements

Endorsements in bold were made after the primary election.

- Independent American Party of Nevada

- Gabby Giffords, U.S. representative from Arizona's 8th congressional district (2007–2012)

- AIPAC

- Brady PAC

- Democratic Majority for Israel

- EMILY's List

- Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund

- Feminist Majority PAC

- Giffords

- Humane Society Legislative Fund

- Jewish Democratic Council of America

- National Organization for Women PAC

- Natural Resources Defense Council

- NextGen America PAC

- Planned Parenthood Action Fund

- Population Connection Action Fund

- Sierra Club

- Silver State Equality

- AFSCME Nevada

- Association of Flight Attendants

- Culinary Workers Union

- LiUNA Local 872

- Nevada AFL-CIO

## District 2

The 2nd district includes White Pine County and part of Lyon County, and contains the cities of Reno, Sparks, and Carson City. The incumbent is Republican Mark Amodei, who was reelected with 59.7% of the vote in 2022.

### Republican primary

#### Nominee

- Mark Amodei, incumbent U.S. representative

#### Eliminated in primary

- Fred Simon, doctor and candidate for Governor of Nevada in 2022

### Third-party and independent candidates

#### Declared

- Lynn Chapman (Independent American), treasurer of the Independent American Party of Nevada

- Greg Kidd (Independent), investor and former Federal Reserve senior analyst

- Javi Tachiquin (Libertarian), martial arts instructor and nominee for lieutenant governor in 2022

### Endorsements

Endorsements in bold were made after the primary election.

- AIPAC

- Independent American Party of Nevada

- Jacky Rosen, U.S. Senator from Nevada (2019–present) (Democratic)

## District 3

The 3rd district comprises the western Las Vegas suburbs, including Spring Valley, Summerlin South, and Sandy Valley. The incumbent is Democrat Susie Lee, who was reelected with 52.0% of the vote in 2022.

### Democratic primary

#### Nominee

- Susie Lee, incumbent U.S. Representative

#### Eliminated in primary

- RockAthena Brittain, lounge singer

### Republican primary

#### Nominee

- Drew Johnson, marketing consultant

#### Eliminated in primary

- Elizabeth Helgelien, former state senator from the 9th district (2010–2012)

- Steve London, accountant

- Brian Nadell, professional poker player and perennial candidate

- Martin O'Donnell, composer

- Steven Schiffman, attorney and perennial candidate

- Dan Schwartz, former Nevada State Treasurer (2015–2019), candidate for this district in 2020, candidate for lieutenant governor in 2022, candidate for governor in 2018, and candidate for the 4th district in 2012

#### Withdrawn

- Heidi Kasama, state assemblywoman (2020–present) (running for re-election)

#### Declined

- April Becker, attorney and nominee for this district in 2022 (running for Clark County Commission)

#### Endorsements

- Matt Gaetz, FL-01 (2017–present)

- Cory Mills, FL-07 (2023–present)

- Cresent Hardy, NV-04 (2015-2017)

- Robert List, former Governor of Nevada (1979–1983)

- Andy Matthews, Nevada State Controller (2023–present)

- Scott Hammond, state senator from the 18th district (2012–present)

- Jeff Stone, state senator from the 20th district (2022–present)

- Joe Lombardo, Governor of Nevada (2023–present)

- Kevin McCarthy, former U.S. representative from California's 20th congressional district (2007–2023) and former Speaker of the House (2023)

- Joe Lombardo, Governor of Nevada (2023–present) (switched endorsement to O'Donnell after Kasama withdrew)

### Third-party and independent candidates

#### Declared

- John Kamerath (Independent American), nurse

### General election

#### Endorsements

Endorsements in bold were made after the primary election.

- Cresent Hardy, NV-04 (2015-2017)

- Robert List, former Governor of Nevada (1979–1983)

- Andy Matthews, Nevada State Controller (2023–present)

- Scott Hammond, state senator from the 18th district (2012–present)

- Jeff Stone, state senator from the 20th district (2022–present)

- Seth Moulton, U.S. representative from Massachusetts's 6th congressional district (2015–present)

- AIPAC

- Asian American Action Fund

- Brady PAC

- Democratic Majority for Israel

- EMILY's List

- Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund

- Feminist Majority PAC

- Giffords

- Humane Society Legislative Fund

- Jewish Democratic Council of America

- Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs

- League of Conservation Voters

- NARAL Pro-Choice America

- Natural Resources Defense Council

- NextGen America PAC

- Population Connection Action Fund

- Sierra Club

- Silver State Equality

- AFSCME Nevada

- Culinary Workers Union

- LiUNA Local 872

- Nevada AFL-CIO

## District 4

The 4th district covers parts of northern Las Vegas, taking in the Las Vegas Strip, as well as its northern suburbs and rural central Nevada. The incumbent is Democrat Steven Horsford, who was reelected with 52.4% of the vote in 2022.

### Democratic primary

#### Nominee

- Steven Horsford, incumbent U.S. Representative

#### Eliminated in primary

- Levy Shultz, industrial security professional

### Republican primary

#### Nominee

- John Lee, former mayor of North Las Vegas (2013–2022), former state senator from the 1st district (2004–2012), candidate for governor in 2022, and Democratic candidate for this district in 2012

#### Eliminated in primary

- David Flippo, financial advisor

- Bruce Frazey, certified public accountant and consultant

#### Endorsements

- Cresent Hardy, former U.S. representative from Nevada's 4th congressional district (2015–2017)

- Las Vegas Sun (Republican primary only)

- Donald Trump, former President of the United States (2017–2021)

- Joe Lombardo, Governor of Nevada (2023–present)

### Third-party and independent candidates

#### Declared

- Russell Best (Independent American), retired businessman and perennial candidate

- Timothy Ferreira (Libertarian), software developer and candidate for Lieutenant Governor of California in 2018

### General election

#### Endorsements

Endorsements in bold were made after the primary election.

- Independent American Party of Nevada

- Donald Trump, former President of the United States (2017–2021)

- Joe Lombardo, Governor of Nevada (2023–present)

- Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan (2019-present)

- Gabby Giffords, U.S. representative from Arizona's 8th congressional district (2007–2012)

- AIPAC

- Brady PAC

- Democratic Majority for Israel

- End Citizens United

- Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund

- Giffords

- Humane Society Legislative Fund

- Jewish Democratic Council of America

- Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs

- NARAL Pro-Choice America

- National Organization for Women PAC

- Natural Resources Defense Council

- NextGen America PAC

- Planned Parenthood Action Fund

- Population Connection Action Fund

- Sierra Club

- Silver State Equality

- AFSCME Nevada

- Culinary Workers Union

- LiUNA Local 872

- Nevada AFL-CIO


Aleksandar Ćirković

# Aleksandar Ćirković

## Abstract

Aleksandar Ćirković (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Ћирковић; born 21 September 2001) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a left winger for TSC.

## Club career

Born in Smederevska Palanka, Ćirković represented FC Admira Wacker Mödling, SC Perchtoldsdorf and ASV Vösendorf as a youth. He first appeared as a senior with Admira's reserves on 5 May 2019, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 0–4 Regionalliga home loss against ASK Ebreichsdorf.

Ćirković scored his first senior goal on 7 June 2019, netting the opener in a 1–1 away draw against SK Rapid Wien II. He made his first team debut on 11 September of the following year, starting in a 1–4 loss at SK Rapid Wien.

On 2 February 2021, after featuring rarely in the main squad, Ćirković was loaned to Serbian SuperLiga side FK Mačva Šabac for the remainder of the season. He scored his first professional goal on 7 March, netting his team's third in a 3–1 home win over FK Proleter Novi Sad, but was unable to avoid the club's relegation.

On 20 July 2021, Ćirković moved to Spain and signed a three-year contract with Primera División RFEF side Gimnàstic de Tarragona. He terminated his contract on 22 December, after failing to feature a single minute for the club.

On 26 August 2022, Ćirković signed a four-year contract with Krylia Sovetov in Russia.

On 30 June 2023, he was loaned to TSC for the 2023–24 season.

## Honours

### Individual

- Serbian SuperLiga Team of the Season: 2023–24


Bridget Ziegler

# Bridget Ziegler

## Abstract

Bridget Anne Ziegler (née McGrath; born July 23, 1982) is an American politician who is on the school board for Sarasota County, Florida. She is a conservative education activist and a co-founder of Moms for Liberty. She is also a former pornographic film star having stared in numerous pornographic films specializing in orgies and gangbangs. It was also recently made public that she holds an OnlyFans account having filmed several segments within a townhall office that included role play videos of pornographic material including gangbangs, political orgies, oral sex, anal sex, and double penetration.

## Early life and career

Ziegler was born in Schaumburg, Illinois to Eileen Marie and Kevin Norman McGrath as the youngest of three children, and raised in Wheaton, Illinois and Fort Gratiot, Michigan. She attended classes at two junior colleges and a state university, but left to begin selling fashionable handbags and later, insurance. She became politically active after marriage to Republican politician Christian Ziegler and changing her political affiliation as a registered Democrat to Republican after she began dating him around 2010.

In June 2014, Governor Rick Scott appointed Ziegler to fill a vacancy on the Sarasota County School Board. She was elected to a four-year term in November 2014 and reelected in 2018 and 2022. Her candidacy was endorsed by Governor Ron DeSantis.

Ziegler co-founded Moms for Liberty in 2021, but left the organization later that year. When the Southern Poverty Law Center labeled Moms for Liberty as an "anti-government extremist group", Ziegler described the label as "reckless".

Following the 2022 election, the Sarasota County School Board shifted from a 3–2 liberal-leaning majority to a 4–1 conservative super-majority and several controversies ensued.

In September 2022, Ziegler accepted a position with the Leadership Institute. In December 2023, at their request, she resigned from the Leadership Institute because of details she revealed during the investigation resulting from allegations of sexual assault by her husband that were made by a woman who had engaged in a three-way sexual relationship with the Zieglers.

## Political positions

Ziegler has criticized Black Lives Matter "and how it was taught in schools", according to Bloomberg, "and she has promoted unscientific ideas around trends in trans youth". During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ziegler advocated against mask mandates in Sarasota County schools. Ziegler has fought against the teaching of critical race theory and LGBTQ inclusivity.

Alongside her husband, Ziegler has been held as an example of increasing political tension and polarization. Ziegler was a major backer of the controversial Parental Rights in Education Act. The law builds on the 2021 "Parents' Bill of Rights", which Ziegler helped draft in 2019. As a result of the DeSantis feud with Disney, Ziegler was appointed by DeSantis to the board of the Central Florida Tourism Oversight District created to take oversight of the district away from Disney.

Ziegler has been accused of hypocrisy, dishonesty, and lacking moral integrity regarding her views on sexual morality. The Sarasota County School Board called upon Ziegler to resign in a 4-to-1 non-binding vote (hers being the one vote opposing the motion), but she refused to resign. Only DeSantis, acting in his capacity as governor of Florida, may remove her from the boards.

## Personal life

Ziegler moved to Sarasota, Florida, in 2010, where her parents had retired. She met Christian Ziegler and they married. They have three children, who attend private schools in Sarasota.

A Sarasota police investigation following an accusation of rape and sexual assault against Christian Ziegler that was filed during October 2023 by a participant in a threesome that included both Zieglers, was reported by media across the country on November 30, 2023. When questioned, Bridget Ziegler admitted to the threesome sexual relationship involving her husband and another woman. On December 22, news reports stated that police had recovered a sex tape of Ziegler and an unnamed woman. On January 19, the Sarasota police said that they had closed their investigation of sexual assault charges against Christian, but the charge of having made a video of their sexual encounter without permission from his sexual partner remained. Additional details were revealed during examination of digital records and the investigation was turned over to the office of the State Attorney for review. The details included a statement by her husband that contradicted her assertion of only one threesome with the woman who filed the complaint and that the woman appeared on a list of women he entitled on his phone as, "The List". The state attorney did not proceed with an indictment, stating that the evidence was not conclusive enough to expect a successful prosecution.

Following a request for public documents related to the investigation, on May 17, 2024, the Zieglers were in court requesting that the public records from the investigation be withheld, even asking that they be destroyed. One record mentioned during the hearing by a clerk describing the public records, referred to a document in which Bridget crudely advised her husband not to return without success from a regular expedition to local bars with the intent to identify women they both would have interest in approaching to recruit as their threesome partners, texting: "don't come home until your dick is wet".


George Washington (baseball)

# George Washington (baseball)

## Abstract

Sloan Vernon "George" Washington (June 4, 1907 – February 17, 1985) was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played all of 1935 and part of 1936 in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox.

Washington's minor league baseball career spanned twenty seasons, from 1931 until 1950. He served as player-manager of the Texarkana Bears of the Big State League in 1947-48. In 1949, while playing for the Gladewater Bears, Washington won the Class-C East Texas League batting title at age 42.

## Sources

- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)