2024 European floods

# 2024 European floods

## Abstract

In May, June and September 2024, several European countries were affected by severe floods caused by prolonged heavy rains. Several were catastrophic, causing deaths and widespread damage due to overflowing river basins and landslides. Countries affected included Germany, Austria, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

## Impact

### Germany

Flooding in Germany caused at least nine deaths, insured property damage of €2.2 billion, and over 3,000 displaced individuals.

In May 2024, over 100 liters of rain per square meter came down in less than 24 hours over Saarland. A woman in Saarbrücken was injured during an evacuation and later died, while a Red Cross worker died following a rescue operation from heart failure.

In June 2024, significant flooding struck Southern Germany, striking the most in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. Dozens of villages had to be evacuated across Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria due to the straining and failure of several dams and dykes caused by the persistent heavy rainfall. Among the rivers whose water levels significantly rose include the Danube, the Isar, the Zusam, the Weilach, the Ilm, the Paar, the Schmutter, the Roth, and the Leibi. Many places had more rainfall in 24 hours than their whole monthly average, and in many areas, the water reached levels that were present only "once in a century" according to the Bavarian Flood Information Service.

An inflatable rescue raft containing four firefighters capsized while evacuating citizens in Pfaffenhofen from floodwaters from the overflowing Ilm River, resulting in the death of one firefighter. Another firefighter was missing, as well as a woman in Schrobenhausen which was later found dead. Carriages of a train were derailed by a landslide caused by the heavy raining near Schwaebisch Gmund. None of the 185 passengers were injured.

On 4 June, a 57-year-old woman lost control with her car on a flooded road. She was later found dead. The Falkenstein Castle in Upper Bavaria partially collapsed to the north due to heavy rainfall, causing the evacuation of 50 residents under the castle complex. On 5 June, a 79-year-old woman which was missing since 2 June was found dead.

The second wave is planned to start in East Germany on September 16.

### Austria

Concurrently with flooding in Germany in early June, rising river levels on the Danube River reached 6.86 meters on the morning of 4 June, causing it to burst its banks in Linz, submerging areas close to the river. All river traffic along the Danube in the Lower Austria area was halted.

The flooding caused significant disruptions to the 2024 European Parliament elections, particularly in the province of Styria. The heavy rainfall rendered several polling stations in Deutschfeistritz, Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District, and Graz inaccessible or destroyed, necessitating rapid responses from local authorities to ensure that voters could still participate in the election process. In addition, The Übelbach river burst its banks due to the intense rainfall, causing mudslides that destroyed houses and washed away cars in Übelbach.

### Hungary

Rainfall and upstream flooding from Germany and Austria caused several tidal surges along the banks of the Danube and the Rába in Hungary starting on 6 June 2024. The Danube tidal surge forced closure of the Budapest Public Road along a section of the "lower quay of Buda between Mozaik Street and Rákóczi Bridge " and a part of "the lower quay of Pest between Népfürdő Street and Közraktár Street". The "main building" of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics was closed due to elevated river levels.

By 10 June 2024, alerts were activated along 912.4 kilometers of river sections, with the highest degree alerts in place along 10.42 kilometers of these sections. The Rába faced record water at 4.22m at Szentgotthárd, initiating a third-degree flood alert and prompting the National Water Management Directorate (OVF) to mobilize over 400 staff members to build up extensive flood defense efforts, including placing 120,000 sandbags to construct a 2.5 km flood barrier in Körmend. The Strém and Pinka rivers nearly received the monthly rainfall average in six hours, the latter recording its highest water level ever at 5.08m in Felsőcsatár.

Overflow in the Danube and Rába in turn caused several mosquito breeding sites to arise in Sopron, Debrecen, and Miskolc, requiring the National Directorate General for Disaster Management to use biological control to prevent further spread of mosquito-borne disease.

### Spain

From 11 to 13 June, heavy flooding caused by torrential rain severely affected the regions of Costa Blanca, Murcia and Mallorca in Spain. Heavy flooding in Murcia prompted 113 emergency calls, requiring the local Emergency Coordination Centre to respond to 324 issues. Damage by heavy rainfalls were exacerbated by inadequate drainage and road blockages caused by fallen trees and other debris. In Calasparra, a person trapped in their car while attempting to cross a flooded road was rescued by the fire brigade and taken to the hospital with hypothermia.

In Mallorca, Storm Tamara caused 71.8 mm of rainfall in four hours at the Palma Airport, flooding its runways and leading to its temporary closure. Videos from the terminal showed floodwaters nearly reaching the bottom of airplane engines. Over 100 flights were canceled or delayed, affecting British tourists traveling to and from Gatwick, Luton, and Bristol airports. In Costa Blanca, a sudden 20-minute downpour causing hail and significant flooding, with several recorded videos showing violent waters flowing through town centers and trapped citizens in cars, producing more rain than the entire summer's average.

### France

In 8–9 June, heavy rains caused flooding and mudslides across Southern France in Eauze, Montréal, and Fourcès in Gers. The flooding required over 100 fire brigade interventions.

On 29 June 2024, three people in their 70's and 80's died in Aube after the car they were traveling in was crushed by a fallen tree during intensive storms, heavy rainfall, and strong winds, with a fourth passenger requiring critical care.

### Switzerland

In late June, a series of violent thunderstorms and melting snow triggered severe flooding and landslides in southern Switzerland, resulting in the deaths of at least ten individuals, with four others reported missing, including one from Binn. The cantons of Ticino and Valais in Switzerland were significantly affected. In the Ticino canton, three people lost their lives in a landslide in the Valle Maggia. Their bodies were recovered in the Fontana area of the valley. A bridge downstream from the disaster area was submerged, complicating rescue efforts. One campsite in the Valle Maggia was evacuated by helicopter, in addition to 300 participants in a local soccer tournament.

Another person was reported missing in the Lavizzara side-arm of the valley. In the Valais canton, a man was found deceased in a Saas-Grund hotel, which Swiss police said was likely due to unexpected flooding exacerbated by melting snow. Another individual was reported missing in a different area in Valais.

### Italy

Concurrently with the late June flooding in Switzerland, the Valle d'Aosta and Piedmont regions in Italy were impacted with significant flooding. Approximately 200 residents in the Valle d'Aosta region had to be evacuated by helicopter from their homes in Cogne due to flooding and mudslides. Around 120 people in the Piedmont region were evacuated from Alpine villages following torrential rain.

### Poland

From 13 September, storms and excessive rainfall struck Opole Voivodeship and Lower Silesia, leading to flooding on 14-15 September. Two people were reported dead as a result of floods in Silesia. Severe flooding alerts were reached in 82 measuring stations, primarily in the river basin of the Oder.

On 14 September the town of Głuchołazy water overflew flood barriers and destroyed a temporary bridge on the Biała Głuchołaska river, leading to a mandatory evacuation. Schools in the towns of Nysa, Kłodzko and Jelenia Góra were closed. Trains in the region were suspended due to multiple cases of track erosion and fallen trees.

On 15 September flood barriers failed in the towns of Kłodzko and Nysa, leading to flooding up to 150cm in the town centre of Kłodzko, with mayors calling for evacuation. The dam in Międzygórze overflew and was deemed out of control by the Regional Water Management Board in Wrocław. The Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, declared a state of natural disaster. Somewhere around 3 or 4 PM, the first house got destroyed in Stronie Śląskie. Multiple water reservoirs are already overflowing.

### Romania

Five people are reported dead as the result of floods in Romania.

### Czech Republic

The 2024 floods in the Czech Republic began on 13 September after heavy raining. Over 200 rivers were reported to spill over their banks as of 15 September. The most critical situation was in North Moravia, especially in the region of Jeseníky mountains, followed by North-East Moravia where thousands of people had to be evacuated. Jeseník and Opava were among the worstly hit places where a few houses were destroyed by the overflown river. The evacuation operation there started already on the night of 14/15 September in the major residential area of Kateřinky. The biggest city hit by the floods was Ostrava. Only some parts of the city, however, were hit. There is an ongoing threat in handful of places in the South Bohemian Region. For the whole country, four people are reported missing, thousands were displaced and around 250 thousands without electricity. Several roads and railroads were closed and water also leaked into 1 station of Prague Metro, but it remained operational.

On 15 September, Martin Kupka, the Czech transport minister, announced that the railway operation around Ostrava region, one of the major regions in the country, will remain suspended for at least a week to eliminate the damage caused by heavy rain and following floods.

### Slovakia

After a strong wind on the night of Saturday, 14 September to Sunday, 15 September 2024, which was preceded by several days of heavy rains, water streams in Slovakia also rose. The worst hydrological situation occurred in basins of Kysuca and Myjava rivers, and smaller Small Carpathians basins. The rivers Danube and Morava also rose. The 2nd and 3rd level of flood activity was issued for Western Slovakia on 15 September.

## See Also

- 1910 European Floods - Historic flooding in Central Europe that resulted in the deaths of more than a thousand people.

- 2023 Slovenia floods

- 2021 European floods

- 2013 European floods

- 2012 Romanian floods

- 2010 Central European floods

- 2009 European floods

- 2002 European floods

- 1997 Central European flood


1831 Alabama gubernatorial election

# 1831 Alabama gubernatorial election

## Abstract

The 1831 Alabama gubernatorial election was an election held on August 1, 1831, to elect the governor of Alabama. Jacksonian candidate John Gayle beat the incumbent Jacksonian governor Samuel B. Moore and National Republican candidate Nicholas Davis with 55.01% of the vote.

## General election

### Candidates

- Nicholas Davis, member of the Alabama House of Representatives 1819–1820.

- John Gayle, member of the Alabama House of Representatives 1822–1823 and 1829–1830.

- Samuel B. Moore, governor of Alabama since March 1831.


The Voodoo Jets

# The Voodoo Jets

## Abstract

The Voodoo Jets are a power trio from Southern Connecticut who play power pop / rock music without electric guitars. The instrument line-up includes keyboards, bass guitar, and drums. The band was formed in 2000, and their 2006 album, Supersonic (produced by David Minehan), was released on 3 Nutz Music and features 12 songs. Their second album, From Greens to Eternity (featuring 13 tracks), was released in 2010 after the passing of band member John Fowler. In 2019, their single Lost Singles was released by WIRC Records.

## Band members

The band was founded by Micah Sheveloff, Francesco Perrouna, and John Fowler.

### Micah Sheveloff

Keyboardist and backing vocalist Sheveloff and Fowler continued on when Perrouna left the band in 2007. Sheveloff has also worked with the Dream and the Detours, and has shared the stage in the past with Gary Cherone. He considers Cheap Trick to be one of his biggest influences.

It was because of his practice location that Sheveloff, a classically trained keyboardist (his father was a classical music professor at Boston University), stumbled upon his “keyboards that sound like guitars” sound by accident: he was sharing practice space with Joe Perry of Aerosmith fame (in a Boston warehouse in the ‘80s) and plugged his Fender Rhodes keyboard into Perry’s amplifier. He was so pleased with the result that he began to explore the idea of using keyboards without guitars in rock music. He eventually shifted to the Roland AX-1 (also known as a keytar) to achieve the “guitar-like” sound (“complete with the percussive plucks and fuzzy feedback”) he was looking for.

### Francesco Perrouna

Perrouna, the founding bassist, also served as the band’s first lead singer. He and drummer Fowler were playing together in a band called Swag Hooks when Perrouna introduced Fowler to Sheveloff. The Beatles and Prince are his biggest influences.

### John Fowler

Fowler, who played drums and provided backing vocals for The Voodoo Jets, was best known for his recording and touring with the ‘90s hair metal band Steelheart and also performed with the bands Smoke and Rage of Angels. His biggest influences were Rush, Kiss and Led Zeppelin. In addition to his work in bands, Fowler was a drum teacher. Fowler died in March 2008, at the age of 42, after suffering a brain aneurysm.

### Clint Amereno

Amereno joined the band briefly as the bassist when Perrouna left in 2007. He has also played live with the band 12 Stones.

### Greg Trabandt

Greg Trabandt took over as drummer after the passing of John Fowler. Trabandt has played rock, jazz, and even with the All Eastern UCONN Symphony Orchestra. Trabandt's first original project, Furious Styles, was produced by Simon Townshend and managed by Kamal from the Jerky Boys. Furious Styles toured with the Spin Doctors, Maceo Parker, Blues Traveler & other artists, opening the door for Trabandt to get session work in both LA and New York.


SLiM

# SLiM

## Abstract

SLiM ("Selection on Linked Mutations") is software designed for conducting forward-in-time genetic simulations of eco-evolutionary scenarios. It allows researchers to simulate complex population genetics models, accommodating both Wright-Fisher and non-Wright-Fisher models.

SLiM supports various evolutionary processes, including mutation, recombination, migration, and genetic drift, selection on fecundity or survival, and is designed to enable users to explore the dynamics of genomes under different selective pressures and demographic events of one or multiple populations and species.

The SLiM also offers a scripting language, Eidos, which provides customization options for defining evolutionary parameters and interactions within and between populations. Almost all information regarding Eidos and SLiM are available in the SLiM and Eidos manuals.


Maggie Horton

# Maggie Horton

## Abstract

Maggie Horton Kiriakis is a fictional character from the American Peacock / NBC network soap opera Days of Our Lives played by Suzanne Rogers since 1973, the longest running role on the show, and one of the longest running in American soap operas.

The character was created by scriptwriter William J. Bell and producer Betty Corday as a romantic interest for original character Mickey Horton (John Clarke). For her work as Maggie, Rogers won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1979.

Maggie's storylines often focus on romance and family troubles. She is portrayed as a stoic, opinionated, and family-oriented woman who is generally loving and supportive, but occasionally interferes in her friends' and relatives' lives. A prominent storyline in 1984 included Maggie discovering that she had Myasthenia Gravis, which mirrored Rogers' real-life struggles with the disease. In 2003, Maggie was killed off in a " whodunnit ?" murder storyline involving a serial killer. Rogers returned to the show in 2004 after producer James E. Reilly decided to have all the murder victims turn up alive on the island of Melaswen, or "New Salem" spelled backwards.

Maggie's most well-known relationship was her longtime marriage to original series character Mickey Horton. The characters met during Rogers' first episode in 1973, when Maggie cared for him while living on a farm. Following a series of experiences together, the pair grew extremely close, and their bond became central to both characters until Mickey's death in 2010. The character has been described as a "legend" and a television icon.

## Creation and casting

### Background

Introduced as Maggie Simmons, Maggie is one of the earliest characters created by scriptwriter William J. Bell and executive producer Betty Corday. The character was brought on as a potential love interest for original character Mickey Horton. Shortly after, the two were married, connecting her to the soap's core family. Maggie is the mother of Melissa Horton (whom she adopted), Summer Townsend, Daniel Jonas, Janice Barnes (whom she fostered), and Sarah Horton. She has six grandchildren: Nathan Horton (via Melissa), Mackenzie Horton and Victoria Kiriakis (via Sarah), Melanie Jonas, Holly Jonas, and Parker Jonas (all via Daniel).

### Casting

Suzanne Rogers auditioned for the role on July 13, 1973, and garnered the attention of future daytime legend, Susan Flannery, who played Dr. Laura Horton. Maggie was introduced as a guest character in August 1973, by scriptwriter William J. Bell and executive producer Betty Corday. From the beginning, Bell considered the role ideal for Rogers, a former Rockette from the Radio City Music Hall and Broadway chorus girl in such musicals as "Coco" and "Follies". Bell approached Rogers about taking the role of Maggie, and she agreed. She was immediately described by critics who gave reviews of the show as being one of the most energetic girls on daytime television. The news of Rogers being cast as Maggie was a different move, taking an actress who loves to dance, to a character of a crippled farm girl. This was her first television assignment, after being the youngest girl to take the stage at Radio City Music Hall.

In 1984, Rogers was diagnosed with a rare muscle disorder called Myasthenia Gravis. This disease affected her facial muscles and the medication she needed made her feel ill, with her face appearing swollen while also suffering hair loss. Rogers temporarily left the show after 11 years when the effects of the disease became increasingly worse. Her entire appearance changed, and she did not return to the show for a year. Rogers, wanting to educate viewers about the disease, approached executive producer Betty Corday about her character being diagnosed with the disease. Corday agreed, and a storyline played out with Maggie learning she has myasthenia gravis. The actress went into remission in 1995, and has remained in remission since. In 2010, Maggie began to notice some symptoms of the disease returning.

While limited attempts to give Maggie and Mickey storylines were made, for over a decade, they were relegated to supporting status, often off the front burner and with relative little airtime. Maggie was made more of a confidant to other major characters and often was written as the town busy-body, although an environmental plot twist had Maggie making her five star restaurant Salem's first "green" establishment. In 2003, a major series of serial killings occurred on the show. Maggie was "killed off" in a " whodunnit ?" murder storyline involving a serial killer. Maggie's murder forced Rogers to depart from the series. To help with falling ratings at the time, head writer James E. Reilly decided to bring all the characters back from the dead. They all turned up in the fictional town of Melaswen, or New Salem spelt backwards. This storyline sparked major controversy, and proved to be a daring move.

After several unsuccessful re-casts of the character of Mickey, the decision was made to kill him off, and in January 2010, Maggie was made a widow. Her storyline moved from supporting to front burner status with the decision to pair her with wealthy Victor Kiriakis and giving her a nasty rival with Vivian Alamain who was married to Victor at the time. After this storyline ended, Victor and Maggie were married, although she maintained her role as Horton matriarch. Maggie's life became further complicated by the revelation that Dr. Daniel Jonas was really the product of the eggs she had given in hopes of having a child years ago. Her airtime, relegated to only sporadic appearances for years (unless storyline had dictated her appearing more), became greater, and for the first time since the mid 1980s, she was considered a front burner character. This continued well past the mid 2010s, even after the leading characters of John and Marlena returned to the show, and exploded into leading character status once again in early 2016 after Daniel was suddenly killed off and other characters were introduced to create drama for both Maggie and Victor.

### Awards

Rogers was the first winner for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1979 for her portrayal of Maggie as an alcoholic.

## Character development and impact

### Early storylines

Maggie Simmons lives on a farm out in the country where she hires hands to take care of her farm. Maggie is crippled as the result of a childhood auto-accident which killed her parents. One day Mickey Horton, suffering from memory problems believing he is a man named "Marty Hanson", stumbles into her farmhouse desperate for food and water, and soon collapses. Maggie, who is lonesome for company, takes Mickey in and cares for him in his weak condition.

"Maggie was suffering from ill health... It was at this stage of the storyline in 1973 that she was crippled, but then Mickey came on and luck ran in her favor. Things took a turn for the worse in the eighties when the character and I were diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, but at this point being cured to keep Mickey was her determination."

Maggie and "Marty" continue to live on the farm, and in 1974 they marry. "Marty" begins reading about a treatment for injuries such as Maggie's being done at Salem University Hospital, and sets up an appointment for Maggie to be checked out. However, when Maggie goes to the hospital she sees on one of the desks a picture of Mickey without a beard, and she hears stories about a patient named Mickey Horton who disappeared around the same time that "Marty" appeared at her farm. Maggie leaves the hospital and does not return or tell "Marty" what she learned. Later the Hortons eventually are led to the farm after seeing Mickey's picture in a newspaper. Determined to stay married to Mickey, Maggie undergoes the operation to regain the use of her legs in hopes it will help her hold onto Mickey.

In 1975 Maggie is operated on by Bill Horton (Mickey's brother), but she still cannot walk. Laura Horton (Bill's wife and Mickey's ex-wife) explains to her that her paralysis is no longer physical, but mental. Maggie is so afraid of losing Mickey that she is causing the paralysis in her mind. After Mickey officially divorces Laura, Mickey and Maggie are married on Jan 25, 1975.

### Marriage to Mickey

Maggie's marriage to Mickey Horton is central to the character, with their relationship being among the most prominent and long-running relationships on the show. Mickey is depicted as a smart, tough lawyer, with Maggie being portrayed as a weak farm girl. Maggie and Mickey were generally depicted as the most stable couple on the show, even after all the torment the two had gone through. During the early years of their marriage, Maggie felt threatened by the presence of his old lover, Linda Patterson, who had pretended to be Maggie's friend but was secretly trying to win Mickey back. Linda had claimed that Mickey was her daughter Melissa's father, but Linda's estranged husband Jim Phillips revealed that Linda had lied. While Linda went on to other relationships (including Mickey's brother Tommy and the wealthy Bob Anderson whom she married), she continued to remain a thorn in Maggie's side. After Bob Anderson's death, Melissa ran away from the neglectful Linda and eventually Mickey and Maggie took her in, sending her to a private school outside of Salem.

In 1978, Janice (Mickey and Maggie's adoptive daughter) is taken away from Mickey and Maggie by her natural mother Joanna Barnes. Janice is eventually found and returned to Mickey and Maggie, but Joanna takes a job in Salem and stays close to her daughter. This relationship takes its toll on Maggie and she begins to drown her sorrows in alcohol. Later that year Maggie's drinking increases and she is arrested when she has an accident with Janice in her car, both are knocked unconscious and taken to the hospital.

Maggie joins Alcoholics Anonymous but falls off the wagon when Janice's custody hearing becomes near. Afraid to lose Janice to her biological mother, Maggie kidnaps Janice and flees town with her. She eventually returns to Salem after her father-in-law, Tom Horton finds her in a nearby town. Later Janice has an accident on the pier while playing with little Melissa. Janice falls into the water, and as a result slipped into a coma. Joanna Barnes and Maggie fought over her at the hospital, but in the end Joanna is given custody of her daughter. In 1979 Maggie unknowingly sells some canes containing cocaine to customers of Julie's (Mickey's niece) shop. Later when a drug dealer comes looking for them the two struggled and Maggie eventually shoots him with his own gun.

In 1981 Maggie agrees to be a surrogate mother for an anonymous donor. Maggie goes to Neil (the donor) and agrees to be inseminated. Neil performs the procedure, and Maggie soon becomes pregnant. Later that year Dr. Evan Whyland comes to Salem, and Neil knows he is the anonymous donor of Maggie's. When Evan learns about this he begins to call on Maggie often.

Mickey learns that the baby she is carrying is Evan Whyland's, and even when he tells Maggie she wants to keep the baby, so Mickey agrees to love the baby as his daughter. In late 1981 Sarah Horton is born, and after a custody battle with Evan Whyland, Mickey and Maggie win custody of Sarah. In 1982, Melissa Anderson runs away from her private school, unable to deal with her trouble-making mother, Linda who wanted her back in order to get her hands on Anderson manufacturing, and Melissa ends up in Mickey and Maggie's home. When Linda discovers her there, she tries to have her removed physically, and Mickey and Maggie decide to fight for custody of her. At the hearing, Linda does not show up, and the judge grants custody to the Hortons. Evan often pays visits to Maggie and little Sarah, and powerful crime lord Stefano DiMera suspects Maggie knows of Evan's evidence against him and tries to have Maggie killed by tampering with the brakes in her car. Mickey and Don (Mickey's partner) begin to investigate Stefano after Evan Whyland dies, and when Mickey gets too close to Stefano, Stefano kidnaps Mickey while making it appear that he had died in a car crash. Don begins to spend time with Maggie, and eventually falls in love with her. When Don finally tells Maggie she is speechless. In 1983, Maggie and Don eventually professes their love to one another. Unfortunately, Mickey escapes from Stefano and returns to Salem. When he sees his wife and Don declare their love to each other, Mickey has a heart attack. Maggie and Mickey divorce in 1983, and soon after Maggie stops seeing Don, realizing her divorce from Mickey was a mistake. Maggie leaves for New York in 1984, but returns the following year. Mickey is accidentally shot during a gang rumble. He recuperates at Maggie's house, and the two rekindle their love. On February 14, 1986, Mickey and Maggie remarry in a double wedding with Melissa Anderson and Pete Jannings (Melissa's fiancé). Soon after they remarry, Maggie is diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis, which eventually goes into remission.

Maggie and Mickey's marriage is in trouble by 1990. Mickey is always at work and constantly lets down Maggie and misses dinner dates and other important functions. Maggie ends up seeking solace in the arms of doctor Neil Curtis. Maggie's daughter, Sarah, caught Maggie and Neil and takes pictures of them together in bed. Sarah is ready to expose them when Maggie and Neil reveal a shocking secret to her: Neil is Sarah's true father. Sarah still exposes them and the news devastates her adopted father, Mickey. Though Mickey is hurt, he feels he is partly to blame for Maggie's infidelity. Mickey and Maggie patch up their marriage, and Neil leaves Salem.

When Julie Williams leave Salem in 1993, Alice and Maggie Horton turned Wings (a popular restaurant) into Alice's Restaurant. In 1993, Alice and Maggie Horton invest in Billie Reed 's up and coming cosmetics company "Countess Wilhelmina". Maggie has very little story after that until she purchases Tuscany (a local restaurant) and makes herself into the town busybody.

When Maggie is apparently murdered by a serial killer in 2003, it comes as a shock when Mickey starts a relationship with Bonnie Lockhart. Bonnie was Maggie's nemesis, and former housekeeper. This relationship lasts for the better part of 2003, and into much of 2004. Maggie is found on the island of Melaswen (New Salem spelled backwards). Maggie returns to Salem only to learn her husband Mickey is in a relationship with Bonnie. A furious and embarrassed Maggie tries everything to win back his love. This is about the time that longtime veteran John Clarke retired as Mickey Horton, and is replaced by actor John Ingle.

### Salem Stalker

In 2003, Mickey and Maggie are attacked in their home by close friend Marlena Evans. Mickey survives, but unfortunately, the hit from the alcohol bottle and a deep stab wound ends Maggie's life. She is the third victim of the Salem Serial killer, who is murdering the citizens of Salem, including Maggie's mother in law, Alice Horton. Maggie returns to Salem when she and the rest of the serial killer "victims" are rescued from the island where crime lord Stefano DiMera 's nephew Andre DiMera had kept them. Andre framed and drugged Marlena Evans to believe that she is the serial killer. Maggie's return is bitter sweet as she learns that Mickey has moved on with his life and married Bonnie Lockhart. Desperate to win her husband back, Maggie, Doug (Julie's husband), and Julie work hard to show that Bonnie is just trying to extort money from Mickey and that she will never really love him. They are successful and Mickey and Maggie settle back into their life together. Maggie begins running the upscale restaurant Chez Rouge and Mickey continues to practice law. Maggie continues to be the primary confidant and supporter of her nephew-in-law Lucas.

### Mickey and Alice's deaths

I was stunned by the decision to kill Mickey. They didn’t want to recast the role, so they needed to tie up that loose end. In the scripts, we kept talking about Mickey being out of town, or being in trial. He was always somewhere else. The audience that’s watched us a while knew who Mickey was, but the new viewers didn’t know who the devil we were talking about. It was hard, because John Clarke is still very much alive and well. I called him and said “I hope I do you proud.” There was one good thing about it—we could use those great old Mickey-and-Maggie flashbacks, because in later years when they recast the role with John Ingle, and then Kevin Dobson, we couldn’t go back and use any of my scenes with John. By removing the character from the page, we were able to go into the archives and pull out some really glorious stuff. "

In 2010, after Julie convinces Maggie that she and Mickey need to spend some "alone time" together, Maggie books a cruise. Mickey is upstairs packing, and when Maggie goes to check on him, she discovers that he had died of a heart attack, leaving her a widow. Maggie has had a difficult time dealing with the fact that her husband is gone, and fears facing life without Mickey. On January 14, 2010, Mickey's memorial service takes place which includes Hortons from the past and present comforting Maggie. The grieving Maggie is briefly tempted by a bottle of alcohol she finds in Mickey's office but instead pours it down the sink.

In June 2010, Maggie takes care of an ill Alice Horton. Maggie finds Alice Horton has died in her sleep and comes downstairs to deliver the news. Maggie grieves not only losing her mother-in-law, but is in shock that two people she loved very much died just a few months apart. This death positioned Maggie as the new matriarch of the Horton family. A visiting Marie Horton consoles Maggie with the reminder of how proud she was to have her as her sister-in-law.

### Victor and new beginnings

After Mickey dies in 2010, Maggie begins a new friendship with Victor Kiriakis. The two grow closer, despite Victor's marriage to Vivian Alamain. The vengeful Vivian plots to have Maggie entombed in a crypt in the Kiriakis mausoleum, but as fate will have it, ends up there herself. When Vivian is freed, she manages to entrap Maggie, and for days, her relatives are worried about her absence. Eventually, Victor finds her and she is rushed to the hospital. Maggie is stunned when she discovers that Victor knew Vivian was entrapped and did nothing about it. After Victor demands a divorce from Vivian, he begins to court Maggie. She struggles to accept Victor and his criminal past, but is able to build a relationship with him. Maggie and Victor begin to date and Victor proposes to Maggie in September 2011. During their engagement, Hope comes across a letter from Alice to Maggie, written the day before Alice died. Alice reminds Maggie about an experimental program she and Mickey entered into over thirty years prior, Maggie had attempted to harvest some of her eggs. Eventually she and Mickey abandoned the project, though the eggs were preserved. It was revealed that Daniel Jonas was her biological son, a product of these missing eggs. This also makes Melanie Layton her granddaughter. On November 8, 2011, Victor and Maggie get married. That Christmas, Julie tells Maggie that she will always be a member of the Horton family, and extends an ornament to Victor, Daniel, and Melanie, despite their not being biological Hortons. In 2012, Maggie and Victor experience brief marital trouble when it is revealed that Victor knew about Maggie's missing eggs all those years. Maggie was eventually able to forgive him although she continues to keep him in line when his ruthless ways get the better of him. Maggie also said goodbye to Melanie, who left town. Additionally, Maggie opened her home to her nephew, Nick Fallon, Marie's grandson, who was recently paroled. Though Maggie has a new husband, son, granddaughter, and home, she is considered to be the matriarch of the Horton family and still maintains a relationship with the members of the Horton family. In February 2016 her son Daniel Jonas was injured in a car accident that also injured Eric Brady, Brady Black and Jennifer Horton. He eventually dies from his injuries and Maggie makes the decision to take Daniel off Life Support and donate his heart to her Step-Grandson Brady. Maggie's life began to get more complicated when a young woman named Summer showed up in Salem and informed her that she was the child Maggie had when she was only 17 and had believed to be stillborn. In the middle of all of this, Victor's estranged brother, Deimos, showed up, vowing revenge against Victor. He poisoned Maggie with pills that caused her to have dizzy spells. After one serious dizzy spell, Maggie fell down the stairs in the Kiriakis mansion, was rushed to the hospital, where Victor was informed that not only had she broken her back, but that her legs were once again paralyzed, like they had been when she had first met Mickey. Victor learned that Deimos had poisoned her and had an antidote which he would give Maggie on the condition that Victor turn all his assets over to him. Determined to save Maggie from instant death, Victor agreed. Maggie's recovery seemed more psychological than physical, but with support from her husband and the Horton's, Maggie became encouraged to fight to walk once again, and Victor declared his determination to stand by her in her time of need, even deciding to retire from Titan to devote all of his time to her.

In August 2023, Maggie loses Victor when he is killed off screen due to his plane crashing into the Mediterranean Sea.

## Further reception

In 2020, Charlie Mason from Soaps She Knows placed Maggie at 17th on a list of the 35 most memorable characters from Days of Our Lives, saying "We'd raise a glass to Suzanne Rogers' iconic character, who's withstood the ravages of everything from paralysis to marriage to No. 25 to… well, that's why we can't enjoy our tippling — alcoholism!"


Aussie Malcolm

# Aussie Malcolm

## Abstract

Anthony George " Aussie " Malcolm (11 December 1940 – September 2024) was a New Zealand National Party politician.

## Early life

Malcolm was born in Melbourne, Australia, on 11 December 1940. He was educated in Canada and Australia (Sydney Church of England Grammar School), and then attended Wellington College and Victoria University of Wellington. He was the son of Joseph Anthony Malcolm, a New Zealand government official serving overseas. At school his classmates gave him the nickname "Aussie", which stuck with him the rest of his life.

Malcolm's early career was as a social worker with the Child Welfare Division of the Department of Education in Wellington and Palmerston North but by the mid 1970s he was owner of Malcolm & Hansard Ltd, an accredited advertising agency in Auckland.

## Member of Parliament

Malcolm became the member of parliament for the Eden electorate in 1975, defeating Mike Moore, remaining there until he was in turn defeated in 1984 by Richard Northey.

### Cabinet minister

Malcolm was a cabinet minister during the third term of the Muldoon National government, serving at various times as Associate Minister of Transport, Civil Aviation and Railways, Minister of Health, and Minister of Immigration.

#### Rail

As Associate to Colin McLachlan, Malcolm's focus was on New Zealand Railways. He managed the transition from government department to corporation, upgraded Wellington's commuter services with Hungarian built Ganz-Marvag electric units, electrified commuter services to Paraparaumu and commenced electrification of the main trunk line.

#### Immigration

Malcolm became involved with immigration as Parliamentary Under Secretary to Jim Bolger in 1977 and continued, as Minister, until 1984. Malcolm made use of his ministerial discretion to stop dawn raid deportations when children or other exceptional circumstances were involved. The Prime Minister Robert Muldoon publicly disagreed with Malcolm's decision to end legal action against Pacific visa overstayers and Malcolm twice attempted to resign, which Muldoon did not accept. Malcolm's attempts to resign caused Muldoon to publicly u-turn on the issue.

His response to the Vietnamese refugee crisis was the foundation for New Zealand refugee policies that persist to the present. Seven hundred refugees were taken in from Vietnam, then known as Indochina, by New Zealand. For both approaches, he received criticism from the political right. Later, by issuing visas to the 1981 Springboks, he received criticism from the political left. Malcolm was highly interventionist, making individual case decisions and instituting policies some regarded as "quirky" at the time, such as permitting restaurants to employ ethnic chefs, Chinese market gardeners to employ family members to replace their own children who were moving into the professions, the entry of skilled musicians and artists, and the first "entrepreneur" policy. After widespread review and submissions his new Immigration Bill was to undertake its second reading the night Muldoon announced the snap election in 1984. His legislation re-emerged later as the Labour-sponsored Immigration Act of 1987.

#### Tobacco

As the Minister of Health during the 1981–84 National government, Malcolm features in a 1985 tobacco industry document, a report written by a Tobacco Institute of America official who had visited New Zealand. The official was accompanied by Donald Hoel, a lawyer in the US law firm Shook, Hardy & Bacon, who worked for the tobacco industry. He negotiated a voluntary agreement restricting tobacco advertising while minister and that the agreement remain in place while a petition of 4,270 signatures calling for the abolition of cigarette advertising was being considered by Parliament.

The document described a February 1985 lunch meeting attended by Michael Thompson of the Tobacco Institute of New Zealand, people from the tobacco company Rothmans and the local British American Tobacco branch.

## Later life

In 1984 Malcolm was involved in the KZ 7 campaign, joining the project as campaign director. The team finished second in the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup. Malcolm later established Malcolm Pacific Limited, an immigration consultancy firm, where he was a director. He briefly considered re-entering politics, contemplating seeking the National Party nomination for the 1992 Tamaki by-election after Muldoon's resignation from parliament. He decided against it and supported Clem Simich, Muldoon's preferred successor.

In 1999 Malcolm and diving friend Jeroen Jongejans formed Dive! Tutukaka, New Zealand's largest dive charter company, operating at the Poor Knights Islands.

## Personal life and death

On 27 February 1965, Malcolm married Astrid Margaret Silver, the daughter of Frederick Brailsford Silver and Helga Adela Elisabeth Silver (née Henkel). Astrid Malcolm was elected to the Auckland City Council for the Mount Eden ward on the Citizens & Ratepayers ticket from 1989 to 1998. She died of a suspected embolism during a diving accident at the Poor Knights Islands in 2000. The couple had one son and three daughters.

On 12 September 2024, it was announced that Malcolm had died in Whangārei at the age of 83.

### Historic sexual abuse allegations

Days after his death, Stuff revealed that police were investigating claims that he had sexually abused children. Complaints against him were made to police in 1992 and 2012. Both complainants, who were boys under 16 at the time of the alleged abuse, had made statements about Malcolm to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Abuse in Care, which prompted police to open a new investigation in July 2024. Tee investigation was ongoing at the time of his death.

## Honours and awards

In 1977, Malcolm was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, and in 1990 he received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. On 31 August 1984, Malcolm was granted retention of the title " The Honourable ", in recognition of his term as a member of the Executive Council.


Yuval Abraham

# Yuval Abraham

## Abstract

Yuval Abraham (Hebrew: יובל אברהם; born 1995) is an Israeli investigative journalist, film director and Arabic–Hebrew translator. He rose to international prominence when he co-directed the documentary No Other Land (2024) about IDF and settler violence in the West Bank and gave an anti- occupation and anti- apartheid speech at the 2024 Berlinale.

## Early life

Based in Jerusalem, Abraham was born to an Israeli middle-class family and grew up in the southern city of Beersheba. He is of Arab Jewish and European Jewish ancestry; his Jewish Yemeni grandfather was a fluent Palestinian Arabic speaker. His grandmother was born in an Italian concentration camp in Libya, while his other grandfather lost most of his family in the Holocaust. Abraham studied Arabic and filmmaking.

## Career

Learning Arabic and meeting Palestinians in the West Bank, including staying with families as their homes were demolished by the IDF, Abraham became "an outspoken activist against the oppression of Palestinians". He has worked in language education and taught Arabic.

In 2019, Abraham reached out to London-based journalist Ahmed Alnaouq, who runs the Gaza writers' collective We Are Not Numbers (WANN), for an interview, and helped Alnaouq, who wanted the stories to reach a wider audience, connect with translators. Together, Abraham and Alnaouq founded Across the Wall, a platform where Palestinians' stories would be translated into Hebrew with the aim of humanising Palestinians and challenging mainstream Israeli narratives that demonise them. The webpage reportedly received over a million visitors in 2021. The project was put on indefinite hiatus in November 2023 after 23 members of Alnaouq's family, including young children, were killed by Israeli bombing.

As of 2024, Abraham works as a journalist and investigative reporter for the independent left-wing outlets +972 Magazine and Local Call, having called them "the only places" he can "try to use my privilege to expose the mechanisms of oppression in our country, whether it's by documenting the demolition of a Palestinian family's home in Jerusalem or speaking to refugees in Jenin". He also worked for Social TV, contributed to publications such as The Intercept, The Nation, and appeared on networks like Democracy Now and CNN.

### No Other Land

Abraham co-directed, co-filmed and featured in the documentary No Other Land with Basel Adra alongside Hamdan Ballal and Rachel Szor, about Adra's long-term attempts to resist Israeli settler violence and displacement from his home in Masafer Yatta. The group had no prior experience in documentary filmmaking and initially approached the story as activists and journalists. Working together for over five years, with Adra and Ballal having footage from years prior including home videos from Adra's family, the documentary depicts Adra befriending Abraham and juxtaposes Adra's life under occupation with Abraham's life of freedom. No Other Land opened to critical acclaim at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) in February 2024, where it won two documentary awards: The Panorama Audience Award for Best Documentary Film and the Berlinale Documentary Film Award.

In his acceptance speech, Abraham called for a ceasefire in Gaza and for the "situation of apartheid... inequality" between himself and Adra in the occupied West Bank to end. This drew accusations of antisemitism from German politicians such as Kai Wegner, inciting death threats against Abraham and a right-wing mob at his family's house in Israel, forcing Abraham to cancel his flight back during a stopover in Athens. Abraham made a viral statement on social media: "The appalling misuse of this word... to silence Israelis like me who support a ceasefire... empties the word antisemitism of meaning and thus endangers Jews all over the world". He found it "particularly outraging" coming from German politicians and also expressed concern for Adra's safety "under a military occupation surrounded by violent settlements". The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) urged authorities to protect Abraham and his family.


The Whiskey Boys

# The Whiskey Boys

## Abstract

The Whiskey Boys is an American bluegrass and Americana band, based out of Boston. While the group performs original and traditional bluegrass, Americana music, they have also been influenced by Irish, Old Time, Country, and Folk music. The group has toured local venues throughout the northeastern US, in support of their three released albums. The band gets its name from the chief protesters in The Whiskey Rebellion of 1791.

## Band history

David Delaney, graduate of the Berklee College of Music, founded The Whiskey Boys in 2006, with fellow student, Mark Kilianski. Delaney and Kilianski first performed together under the name "Around the Park" before changing the name to "The Whiskey Boys" for a performance at the Kinsale Pub in Boston. The band self-published a demo album on CD titled "First Day" which was sold at the band's shows.

The founding members toured the Northeastern United States and made regular festival appearances, as well as appearing WICN local public radio in Worcester, MA local television stations WFXT in Boston, and WTIC-TV in Hartford, CT.

The collaboration of Delaney and Kilianski produced two full-length albums; "Mary Come to Boston" in 2010, and "Crescent Moon" in 2012.

Kilianski departed the band in October 2012, leading Delaney to reorganize the band and recruit new members, encompassing a five-piece ensemble. In 2013, the band featured Delaney on fiddle and vocals, Michael Warren on guitar, Mark Whitaker on banjo, Jon Polit on bass, and Jeff Butcher on mandolin.

In October 2013, The Whiskey Boys released their third studio album, entitled "Time Machine", featuring the band's new lineup.

## Tours

The band has toured the northeastern US, selling out various venues, including the Club Passim in Cambridge, Massachusetts. They have performed with similar groups and musical performers, including Lori McKenna, Man Man, and Grammy -nominated country musician, Trace Adkins.

## Festival appearances

In 2010 and 2011, the band performed at Joe's Pub for the Make Music New York Festival. In 2010, they were the featured entertainment at the National Governors' Association Annual Conference at Fenway Park. In 2011 and 2012, they were selected as the premiere country act at the Music Mountain Summer Chamber Music Festival, while also appearing at the 2011, 2012, and 2013 New England Americana Festival, the 2012 Jamaica Plain Music Festival, and the 2012 North Branch Bluegrass Festival.

## Discography


CapCut

# CapCut

## Abstract

CapCut (Chinese: 剪映; pinyin: Jian Ying), formerly internationally known as ViaMaker, is a Chinese short-form video editing app developed by ByteDance.

## History

The app was first released as JianYing in China in 2019 and was initially available for iPhone and Android. In 2020, it was renamed as CapCut (formerly ViaMaker) and became available internationally. It later expanded to include web and desktop versions for Mac and Windows.

In 2022, CapCut reached 200 million active users. According to The Wall Street Journal, in March 2023, it was the second-most downloaded app in the U.S., behind that of Chinese discount retailer Temu.

## Features

The free version of CapCut has multiple features, including speed options for adjusting the duration of clips. The Auto Captions tool can be used to generate video captions that can be edited within the app; however, it is no longer a free feature with the latest updates.

CapCut supports basic video editing functions, including editing, trimming, and splitting clips. It allows the addition of new clips to projects but is limited to single-layer editing. However, the app supports overlay options that enable additional effects, including multi-layer editing. Users can also use many types of effects such as trending, opening and closing, nightclub, retro, glitch and distortion, vlog 3D, cartoon, dark and split. Users can export or save completed projects directly to different social media platforms.


Jack Deveraux and Jennifer Horton

# Jack Deveraux and Jennifer Horton

## Abstract

Jack Harcourt Deveraux and Jennifer Rose Horton are fictional characters and a supercouple from the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives, whose history spans from 1989 until 2012. The two have been portrayed by more than one actor/actress since their inception, but were originally, most recently, and most famously portrayed by Matthew Ashford and Melissa Reeves. Fans have nicknamed the couple "J&J" or JnJ" (for J ack and J ennifer) on internet message boards. For their portrayal of Jack and Jennifer's romance, Ashford and Reeves won Soap Opera Digest Awards for Favorite Supercouple in 1991 and Best Love Story in 1992.

## Storylines

### Backstory

Jack Deveraux was the adopted son of Harper Deveraux. Harper was a U.S. Senator, and Jack was an aspiring politician, but it was revealed that Harper was a sociopathic killer. At one point, Jack was a suspect for the killings in town, and it seemed that his father was actually trying to frame him.

Unbeknownst to Jack, he was really Billy Johnson, Jo Johnson's son and Steve Johnson's baby brother. Jo had given up her boys for adoption when she feared that her abusive husband Duke would kill them. Young Steve Johnson watched helplessly as his baby brother Billy was adopted and taken from him.

Jack was raised in the lap of luxury, but he was not given a very compassionate upbringing. When he came to town, he tried to woo Kayla Brady and when Steve found out Jack was really his brother and that Jack was dying from Hodgkin's disease, he pushed Kayla away and encouraged her to marry dying Jack. Jack recovered, and Kayla was unable to consummate their marriage. Jack felt that Kayla just needed time to get to love him, and he tried to be patient. Kayla became sick when Harper began poisoning her, and Steve saved her life. Steve told Kayla why he had pushed her away and then the two began an affair, with plans to end her marriage to Jack after his election. Jack found out about the affair and was enraged by Kayla's constant rebuffs and promises that she would one day be ready. When he was rebuffed again, he showed her the pictures and then he raped her in a violent rage.

In the ensuing months, he descended full-time into his anger and let it shape and define him. Desperate to please his father (who was a sociopathic misogynist), Jack tried to be Harper's son and he worked hard at bringing down the people who had scorned him: Kayla and Steve. He tried to warn Steve away from his wife by having him beat up. Eventually Steve and Jack fought on the rooftop of the loft where Jack had lived with Kayla. Jack fell and almost died, but Steve gave his baby brother a kidney, saving the younger man's life.

Eventually Jack found out he was Steve's brother, and he was angry and bitter. He gave Kayla a divorce but still maintained that he was provoked into his attack on her, and refused to call it rape. He plea-bargained to domestic assault when she took him to court, and he continued to harass her whenever he saw her. He claimed he had been railroaded into that plea-bargain.

Meanwhile, Melissa Horton, his assistant and Jennifer Horton 's cousin, was in love with him. He was encouraged by his stepmother Angelica to use Melissa's feelings for him to try to secure Harper's Senate seat, left empty by Harper's conviction for murder. The other candidate was Melissa's adoptive father, Mickey Horton, and Angelica felt that Melissa's support of Jack would lend strength to his campaign.

Melissa saw Jack making romantic plans with another woman on the day of their wedding, and she left him at the altar. Jack's career aspirations as a politician were in shambles, and he spent a great deal of time and energy trying to destroy Mickey Horton's reputation, as well as that of Mickey's nephew and Jennifer's brother: Dr. Mike Horton. Having completely alienated his biological family as well as the Hortons and Bradys, Jack was mostly a social pariah.

### 1989–90

Desperate to keep "The Spectator" from printing an exposé on his dirty dealings as a politician, Jack purchased a controlling share and changed his destiny. He abandoned his political goals and became a newspaperman. At first, Jack's involvement in the paper was purely intended to squelch the truth, but soon he became caught up in the actual business of reporting the truth.

Jennifer was young and fairly inexperienced in the ways of life. Although she had had many puppy-love romances, Jennifer had yet to consummate them, waiting for the "right guy". Jennifer began a college internship for Jack as a cub-reporter. Her initial feelings towards Jack were unfavorable due to his treatment of Kayla and Melissa, but Jennifer soon learned that her boss had a different side to him.

Jennifer refused to let Jack make excuses for the terrible things he had done, and she called him on the carpet whenever he tried to use his newspaper to gratuitously hurt people he didn't care for. She also gently pushed him to try to get closer to his family.

Jennifer was dating Emilio Ramirez, a former gang member who had also had some negative dealings with Jack during the days when Jack was actively tormenting Steve and Kayla.

Jack started to develop feelings for Jennifer and started half-heartedly pursuing her while trying to throw monkey-wrenches into her relationship with Emilio, who he deemed to be a deadbeat and not good enough for her. Jennifer didn't seem to return those feelings at first, but began to see that Jack wasn't someone she needed to fear and the two formed an odd friendship. Emilio left town after a skirmish involving Adrienne (Jack and Steve's younger sister) and her ex-husband Justin. Emilio, who had slept with Adrienne, had tampered with Justin's car, and although he wasn't sent to jail, Jennifer could not be with someone who would do something like that.

Jennifer wanted to foster a baby girl named Hannah after Hannah's mom was convicted of robbery and sent to jail for three years. Ironically, Hannah's mother had committed the crime so that she would have the shelter of prison when giving birth. Jack, who himself felt he had been abandoned by his mother Jo, refused to write an editorial supporting Hannah being with her mother in jail.

Jennifer was then injured in the pursuit of a story for the Spectator, and a frantic Jack realized that he was in love with her. He concocted a plan to fake marriage with Jennifer so that Jennifer and he could spend more time together in a more intimate setting. At first, Jennifer was very wary of the idea and point-blank brought up the fact that his track record was lousy and he was very difficult to trust. In the end, she agreed to the plan, but the foster agency refused to give a baby to a man who had assaulted his ex-wife.

Jack was hurt by this, but Jennifer was honest with him about how his past made it hard to trust him. Jennifer decided to move into the apartment Jack had rented out to fool the social worker, and with some behind-the-scenes maneuvering by the still-tricky Jack, she ended up fostering the baby for a short while.

Jack was adorably endearing helping feed and care for the very young child, and seeing him with the baby made Jennifer develop warmer feelings towards him. Jennifer lost custody when Sally's parents decided to take custody of their granddaughter. Jennifer was furious with Jack for failing to warn her about this when he had known it was happening, but in the end, she turned to him for comfort when she realized he just didn't know how to tell her.

Emilio came back to town, and Jennifer ended up getting involved with him again, but by now, Jack was always on her mind. She did not yet realize she loved Jack, but she verbally and emotionally sparred with him in a way that gave off super-couple sparks. Jack continued to try to move in on Jennifer, but refused to admit that was what he was doing.

Jennifer's constant urging that he do the right thing ended up having a huge effect on Jack. The newspaper business was also a very good influence on him, and before he knew it, he found himself wanting to do good things for the sake of doing them, and not for the sake of being thought a hero. He tried to subtly get closer to Steve, Adrienne and Jo; Steve was very leery of the purported change.

Steve's presumed-dead wife Marina came to town and blackmailed Steve to help her find a key. Intrigued by this, Jack started to try to snoop around, and Steve kept warning him to keep out of it. Eventually, Jack struck up a friendship with Marina's very kind sister Isabella, whom she had been keeping locked up in a sanitarium. Jack helped Isabella escape, and the two struck up a genuine friendship. At this time, Isabella's blind acceptance of him, as well as the other good influences in his life, had pushed Jack into becoming the kind of person who took responsibilities for the things he had done. Jack began to feel that he was a terrible person who didn't deserve a woman like Jennifer. He was terrified he would end up hurting her like he had hurt Kayla, or the way Harper had hurt all the women he had attacked, or even the way Duke had hurt his mother and sister.

As Jack began to realize the depth of how bad his past actions were, he frantically sought to push Jennifer away. Jo Johnson and Isabella Toscano both tried to get him to see that he and Jennifer made sense. Jennifer had fallen in love with Jack by now, and she was finally admitting it to herself. Although initially against the match, her grandmother was also starting to see the magic between the two.

Jack ended up finding the missing key and helping Steve find Kayla, who had been kidnapped by Victor Kiriakis (who also wanted the key, since he had been searching for it for years) this finally brought Jack together with Steve, and although his relationship with his family was still on shaky legs, Jack was asked to be Steve's best man at his remarriage to Kayla, who was also struggling to accept the reformed Jack. During the Key incident, Jack had tried hard to persuade Kayla not to leave Steve, and Kayla had finally realized that Jack really did want to help bring Steve and Kayla together.

Jack discovered that the treasure behind the key was Isabella's mother's diary. The diary revealed that Isabella was Victor Kiriakis 's daughter, and that Isabella's father, Ernesto, had killed Isabella's mother. Frantic to protect Isabella from this harsh and terrible truth, he ripped out the truth-revealing pages and gave her the rest of the diary.

Jennifer tried to force Jack into declaring himself by getting engaged to Emilio, but Jack held steady. Jennifer tried on numerous occasions to seduce him, but Jack tried very hard to resist her, believing firmly he did not deserve Jennifer.

Harper contacted Jack in an effort to get Jack's help in convincing the parole board that he should go free. Jennifer and Jack shared a very passionate set of kisses when Jennifer tearfully begged Jack to start seeing himself as a good man. Jack was convinced that he was just like Harper and that he owed to Harper, as his son, to help him.

Jennifer desperately wanted Harper to leave Jack alone, because Jack was doing so well at travelling a redemptive path. Jennifer felt Harper was a toxic weight around Jack's neck. Furious that a "little girl" presumed to tell him what to do, Harper told a frightened Jack that he would kill Jennifer if she continued this behavior. Although Harper was in jail, Jack knew that his adoptive father would find a way to make it happen, so he pushed Jennifer away by firing her.

Jennifer was quickly hired by WATB, a television station, and ended up becoming an anchorwoman.

When Jennifer was set to marry Emilio, Jack kidnapped her on her wedding day so that she would have time to think about her future, and he confessed his true feelings. Of course, Jennifer was asleep during his heartfelt speech. They ended up on a ledge together after Jennifer ran off when she realized he was faking a news report of dangerous bears in the area. Jack finally appeared to be giving into Jennifer, and the two were gently kissing on the ledge when Melissa and Emilio came and rescued them.

Jennifer was furious at Jack for pushing her away yet again, and she told him that she would marry Emilio. Emilio decided to delay the wedding, and he was developing feelings for his singing partner, Melissa, who returned those feelings. Neither Emilio nor Melissa were ready to admit those feelings to themselves or each other.

Jack and Jennifer ended up on a cruise together in the name of work. The cruise was secretly being orchestrated by Isabella's presumed-dead alleged father, Ernesto. Ernesto set the whole thing up so he could kill everyone involved with Isabella. Ernesto wanted Isabella dead for accidentally killing Marina. Ernesto had already poisoned and killed Isabella's mother long ago.

During the "Cruise of Deception" arc, Jack and Jennifer finally made love on a remote island after being shipwrecked.

### 1991–98

When they got back home, Jack was still nervous about one day hurting Jennifer. He was getting used to the idea of them as a couple when he ended up killing Harper accidentally when he tried to stop Harper from shooting Steve on Steve's wedding to Kayla (Jack had been best man when Steve tried to marry Kayla after the Marina incident nullified Steve's marriage to Kayla) but the wedding was interrupted when Kayla was wrongly arrested for Marina's murder. The real killer was Isabella who had killed her sister accidentally and then blocked it from her mind.

After killing Harper, Jack was hammered by the press about his dark and dangerous past. It brought back all of his fears and self-loathing and despite counsel from Steve and Jennifer's persistent love, he pushed her away yet again, this time making her feel so hopeless that she embarked to New York on an adventure to try to protect her boarding-school best friend Katarina from an arranged marriage to Lawrence Alamain.

Jack tried to rush to New York to protect her and although the two declared their love and reunited, she refused to give up her subterfuge. In the meantime, Steve was "killed" by a bomb meant for Bo Brady, all evidence pointed to Lawrence as being behind Steve's death, because Lawrence had a vendetta against Bo from years ago when Bo helped Katarina (aka Carly Manning) get away from him when he and Katarina fought when she found out his true identity. He had tried to fool her into thinking he was someone else so that she would fall in love and marry him. Bo's interference destroyed his plans and he wanted revenge.

Jack rushed back to Salem when he found out Steve had been hurt and he spent hours at the hospital with Kayla and his mother and sister. As he grew closer to his family and began to build a better relationship to Kayla, Steve took a turn for the worse, and died. Jack then realized that you could not push the ones you loved away, as you might not ever get a chance to tell them how you really feel.

During this time, Lawrence forced Jennifer to go through the wedding by kidnapping her and her grandmother and making them go to his country. Jack flew to Lawrence's home country and he tried once again to rescue Jennifer, but he was hit on the head prior to the wedding and while he was incarcerated, Jennifer was raped by Lawrence Alamain.

Meanwhile, Frankie Brady was also being held prisoner by Lawrence as bait. He was really Katarina's brother Francoise.

Traumatized by the rape, Jennifer flinched whenever Jack tried to get close after they got back to Salem. Remembering how and why Kayla always rejected his advances, Jack began to suspect Jennifer and Frankie of having an affair when Jennifer begged Frankie to move in with her after rejecting Jack's offer to live together. Jennifer then turned down Jack's proposal, but when he came back as Santa Claus, she relented, feeling some of the old love for him. Jennifer was reeling from the rape and was having trouble dealing with the fact that Jack himself had committed rape. She was unable to tell Jack, and the misunderstandings began to mount. Every time Jennifer flinched, Jack was reminded of what went on when he was married to Kayla and begged Jennifer to tell him if she wanted out of the relationship. Jennifer refused to acknowledge that anything was wrong, and their relationship was temporarily derailed when Jennifer slapped Jack and called him a rapist when he tried to force her to kiss him to remind her of the passion between them. The kiss triggered a flashback of what happened with Lawrence, but a heartbroken Jack thought that Jennifer had finally come to her senses and begun to see that he really was a dangerous man.

Jennifer begged him to forgive her, but he was deeply hurt and ended the engagement. He ended up marrying Eve Donovan so that they could both inherit Nick Corelli's fortune. Jack needed the money to stop Lawrence (who had followed them all to Salem) from buying Diana Colville's half of the Spectator.

Jack married Eve (in name only) after seeing Jennifer and Frankie at the midtown motel. Jennifer was there to meet a source, but seeing Frankie holding a tearful Jennifer after Frankie insisted Jennifer tell him what was wrong with her, he got the wrong idea.

Jack and Jennifer were thrown together in another adventure when they were forced to share a train cabin during the Train arc where they were trying to find the murder weapon used to kill Nick Corelli. Eve was accused of killing Nick and Jack and Jennifer were trying to prove her innocence. Eve and Frankie were developing into a couple, and Jack continued to pretend he had no feelings for Jennifer left.

After a lot of hurt and misunderstandings, Jennifer finally confessed to Jack what had happened. The revelation caused him a great deal of anguish—not only because the woman he loved had been suffering so much, but because he felt that he was no better than the man who had done it to her. Jennifer finally convinced him to at least try to give their relationship a chance.

Jennifer pressed charges against Lawrence and Jack stood by her side, gaining new insight as to how he had made Kayla feel during their own trial for his rape of her. The experience brought Jack and Jennifer even closer together, aided surprisingly by Kayla who urged Jack not to let his own past prevent him from being there for Jennifer. Kayla and Shane worked with Jack and Jennifer to bring Lawrence down, and Jack admitted on the witness stand that what he had done to Kayla had truly been rape. Unlike Jack, Lawrence was convicted of marital rape and served a few years of jail time.

Jack proposed to Jennifer as soon as the trial was over and the couple finally got married in 1991. The ceremony took on a Wild West theme and the newlyweds honeymooned in Hollywood, California. They had sex on the set of a game show, conceiving their daughter Abigail. Soon after, Jack felt sure he was having a relapse of Hodgkin's Disease and set on a mission to find Jennifer a suitable new husband. Nevermind the fact that Jack was in perfect health. However, Abby developed a plastic anemia her doctors suspected the cause was environmental as many children from the same area had contracted it. In an attempt to get revenge on Victor for taking the Spectator Jack investigates him and finds out Victor is cleaning up illegally dumped toxic waste and threatens to go public with the information, Jennifer is on the same trail but because she's trying to find out what made Abby so ill. Victor faces off with Jack about the dumping only for him to drop the bomb that the business partner he was cleaning up after was Harper but that the documents approving the dumping were all signed by Jack. After finding out the truth Jack confesses his involvement to Jennifer and wrought with guilt, Jack leaves Salem leaving Jennifer alone to raise their daughter. While away Jack goes to a wellness centre called the meadows to work through some of his issues and guilt, each patient there had assumed a fake name to protect their privacy Jack was known as Clark (as in Kent), He meets and has a sexual relationship with another patient known as Monica, after feeling stable enough go back to Jennifer and Abby Jack is shocked to discover he'd been sleeping with Jennifer's mother Laura who'd also gone to the meadows to recover.

Soon, smooth-talking Peter Blake entered the picture and Jennifer's heart. Peter and Jennifer married at Aremid in 1995, despite Jack's return to Salem. Jennifer didn't realize that Peter (Stefano DiMera 's adopted son) had conspired to make Jennifer's mom look crazy, when Jennifer found out about Peter's shady past, she served him with divorce papers, but she refused to take Jack back, Jack suspected that Peter planned to kidnap Jennifer and Abby, and he was right, the two men struggled and Peter was presumed killed, after one glorious Christmas with Jennifer and Abby, Jack was sent to prison for Peter's murder, Jack later escaped to find Jennifer, after an alive Peter kidnapped her. When all was said and done Peter was in jail and Jack and Jennifer were back together and living in Africa with Abby.

### 2000–07

In Africa, Jennifer didn't exactly find the devoted husband and father she was hoping Jack had become. Jack, who had lost his paper and his fortune, became obsessed with the idea of making his money back and began to get himself involved in get-rich-quick schemes, many of which Jennifer found impractical and shady. To make matters worse, these business ventures would often cause Jack to disappear, sometimes for weeks at a time, without so much as a phonecall to Jennifer. Eventually deciding nothing had changed, Jennifer packed up her stuff and left with Abby one day while Jack was gone, without telling him they were going (which was first to Ireland and eventually back to Salem.)

On a tip from Jennifer's grandmother Alice Horton, Jack learned that Jennifer was to be in Paris for coronation of Princess Greta Von Amburg. Jack, who was in Italy in the time, managed to get to Paris before Jen could, and ambushed her at the coronation. There they had it out, Jennifer blasted Jack for his antics in Africa and for his stubborn refusal to grow up and begin shouldering the responsibilities expected of him as a husband, father and man while Jack expressed his outrage and Jennifer's just skulking off with their daughter without so much as a word. Eventually, after tempers calmed and they were able to discuss the problems rationally, they agreed to return to Salem where they would attempt to work out a custody agreement of Abby. Jack, however, had much more in mind. In his latest attempt to win Jennifer back, he suggested the three of them all move in together under one roof, as neither of them had a place to stay, and the stability would be good for Abigail. Jennifer protested the idea, but was goaded into when Jack suggested that if he was able to put Abby before their personal differences, she should as well. While the arrangement was initially confrontational at best, with Jack and Jennifer constantly verbally sparring with each other, eventually after Jack managed to rescue Jennifer after her car went over a bridge and comforted her after she thought the same car accident had killed the infant son of her cousin, Jennifer began to entertain the idea that perhaps Jack was really, finally, changing into the kind of man she thought he was when they were married.

Meanwhile, Jack used the attractive Princess Greta Von Amburg, with whom he struck up a friendship for purposes of his scheme to win Jennifer back, to make Jennifer jealous, which Jennifer saw immediately through. However, when Jennifer began to date the sensitive and romantic Brandon Walker, Jack was determined to continue, especially after he interpreted it as working. The plan hit a snag when Greta developed real feelings for Jack. As his heart belonged to only Jennifer, Jack tried to let her down gently, but when Greta (who had recently been dumped twice for other women) realized she was being rebuffed again, she began crying. Wanting to spare her feelings, Jack told her was gay and thus just wasn't attracted to any woman. After a few complicated (and hectic for Jack) months of trying to make Jennifer think Greta and he are involved while trying to make Greta think he's gay, eventually the truth came out to Jennifer. Jennifer was livid at Jack for playing both her and Greta for fools, and plotted to seduce Jack in the shower in an effort to catch him in his own lie. Jennifer's scheme, however, does not go according to plan as Jennifer finds herself unable to resist Jack as well. When Jack, guilty at this all this happening as a result of his deceptions, stops the interlude just short of sex, Jennifer finds herself surprisingly disappointed and very confused as to how she feels.

Not long after this, Greta finds out Jack's straight and leaves town, and Jack is now left distraction free in his, now more honest, pursuit of Jennifer. The relationship between Jennifer and Brandon eventually fizzles and Jennifer begins dating Colin Murphy a mysterious Irish man she met in Africa who she had originally gone to Ireland to meet. Briefly, Jack dated Billie Reed which made Jennifer jealous, although she refused to admit it. Jack comforted Jennifer when her cousin Hope was suspected dead which lead to a passionate embrace. But Jennifer pushed him away once again. Hurt and angry by her mixed signals and her feelings for Colin, Jack eventually put distance between them. Jennifer soon realized Colin was a con artist and that she truly loved Jack. She told Jack she wanted to get back together. He was hesitant but agreed to spend Christmas with her and Abby where they finally declared their love for one another. Colin was not happy with Jack and Jennifer getting cozy again. Jennifer overheard him threaten Jack's life. To prevent this from happening, she distracted Colin by sleeping with him. Jennifer was sick with guilt when Colin told a heartbroken Jack. That same evening, Colin was murdered. Both Jack and Jennifer suspected each other (for the obvious reasons) and Jack even turned himself in to deflect suspicion off of Jennifer. Eventually the murderer turned out to be neither of them. Jennifer was dismayed once again when she suspected she was pregnant with Colin's baby. After she told Jack, he told her he would stick by her side no matter what. Thankfully, she was not and on Valentine's Day, Jennifer proposed to Jack. In May 2003, they finally remarried.

In October 2003, Jack began working with police officer Abe Carver, leading to both men supposedly being murdered by the Salem Stalker (Marlena Evans). Jennifer was forced to disconnect a brain dead Jack's life support, but she was comforted by the fact that she was now pregnant with Jack's second child.

In May 2004, it was revealed that Jack and all of Marlena's victims were alive and being held on a tropical island by Tony Dimera, who had faked all of the murders. Jennifer eventually found her way to the island, and gave birth to a son named Jack Patrick. While escaping Tony's island, Jack was again presumed dead after a tsunami, but was again Tony's prisoner in a castle, including Cassie Brady who was Jack's cellmate. During this time, despite possible temptations on either side by Patrick Lockhart (a good-looking conman working for Tony who had man who had Jennifer in his sights) and Cassie for Jack, both managed to be one of the only couples (of many) dealing with fake dead spouses who stayed true to each other. In April 2005, Jack lead another escape from the castle and he Jennifer were reunited at the bedside of a minorly injured Abigail (she had been in a car accident) and Jack got to know his infant son, Jack "J.J." Deveraux Jr.

In June 2005, Jack received news that he was dying and only had about 3 months left to live due to a rare blood disease. Instead of trying to find out more about his illness, Jack worked to set Jennifer up with her old boyfriend, Frankie Brady in order to protect her from the aforementioned Patrick, who he was sure would be after her the moment Jack was gone. Jack was again presumed dead after a car accident, although his body was never found. Jack had decided to stage his death, since he didn't want his loved ones to watch him die.

In actuality, Jack was dying in a hospice outside of Salem, and had no intention of returning to Salem. Jennifer had learned of Jack's devotion to her marrying Frankie and wanting to grant his final wish had moved on with Frankie and was (fairly unenthusiastically) preparing to marry him, despite Abigail's strong objections. Jack's plans changed when one of his hospice workers turned out to be his presumed dead brother Steve Johnson. Steve had no memory of who he was and was living under the name Nick Stockton. After confirming they were brothers by a DNA test, Jack agreed to return to Salem if Steve accompanied him.

The duo returned to Salem in spring 2006 during Jennifer and Frankie's wedding ceremony, and the brothers were reunited with their widows. Jennifer's opinions were mixed because although she was elated to find out the man she loved was alive, she was as angry at him as she'd ever been for letting her think he was dead when he wasn't. Jack continued to get worse and Jennifer was unable to break away from her commitment to Frankie, despite not truly being in love with him. She felt guilty about hurting Frankie, who was representing the stability and steadiness she had always wanted and which Jack had never really provided for her, and wary about any possibility of a future with Jack who up until now had repeatedly come in and out of her life.

Frankie found on the internet a drug trial that could help Jack, and it worked leaving Jack, Jennifer and Frankie caught up in an uncomfortable triangle. Soon after, Jack and Jennifer were kidnapped when Jack was investigating the recent murder of a cop that sparks began to fly. After escaping their captors and getting lost in the woods, Jennifer vented some of her anger out at Jack, and they eventually had sex. Jack collapsed soon afterwards due to cold and hunger and still not up to his full strength after the illness. Jack recovered however, and Jack and Jennifer were reunited for what is currently the final time. Jennifer gently let Frankie know that she cared deeply about him, but Jack had always been the love of her life, and she was going to build her life with him. Finally realizing that Jennifer never would be his, a heart-broken Frankie eventually left Salem.

The couple received great news when Jack and Jennifer were both offered dream jobs in London. Wanting a fresh start, Jack and Jennifer left for Europe with J.J. while teenaged Abigail, who supported her parents move but didn't want to leave her school and friends, remained in Salem with family.

Jack returned briefly in April 2007, when Abby and he went to New York City for her spring break. Not long after that, Abby decided to spend the summer of 2007 in England with her parents.

### 2010–12

Jennifer returned briefly to Salem in June 2010 for Alice Horton's funeral. In November 2010, she moved back to Salem but without Jack. It was explained that Jack had left on a walkabout to Australia to "find himself", much to Jennifer's chagrin. Despite significant events occurring to their family - most notably Jennifer almost dying due to her heart being removed from her body in a black-market operation - Jack has remained completely silent and out of reach of communication, with only occasional blog posts and terse e-mails existing to suggest Jack is even alive. All phone calls go unanswered and no one in Salem has seen him in almost a year.

Abigail returned in February 2011. Jennifer began dating Dr. Daniel Jonas during the summer of 2011. Jack returned to Salem on September 23, 2011. Daniel was preparing to ask Jennifer to move in with him, when an eavesdropping Jack literally fell into the cake beside them, once again reuniting the supercouple. Jack later explains to Jennifer that he was not on a walkabout, but a hostage in Afghanistan while working on a story. After realizing Jack didn't purposely leave her, Jennifer is torn between the two men who adore her: 1) the father of her children with whom she has a long history (but who is unreliable) and 2) the other who she's only known a few months but has so far done no wrong.

On March 8, 2012, Jennifer and Jack state that J.J. is currently attending boarding school. Jack dies on August 15, 2012, after being trapped inside of an elevator that fell and crashed.

### 2015

Jack and Jennifer became grandparents when Abigail gave birth to a son, Thomas Jack Deveraux, who is named after Tom Horton and Jack.

### 2018–

Jack and Jennifer became grandparents again when Abigail gave birth to her second child, a daughter named Charlotte.

Jack returns on New Year's Eve alive with Eve Donovan. While Jennifer is initially elated to have the love of her life back, Jack unfortunately breaks her heart and the heart's of the rest of his family by stating he has amnesia and can not remember her or anything else about his life.

Under the influence of Eve, Jack runs for mayor and wins the race, Jack marries Eve and insists that he is in love with her, although he insists he has no interest in remembering Jenifer, he does want to remember his children so he gets Dr. Rolf's serum so he can remember, Eve destroys the serum, which angers Jack so he divorces her after seeing her true colors, Jennifer and Jack go to Chicago together to find Dr. Rolf, they take him back to Salem and he recreates the serum, but when they get back to the lab the serum is destroyed, they naturally assume it was Eve that destroyed the lab, but it was Dr. Shah who destroyed the lab and ultimately kidnapped Jennifer and held her hostage, both Jack and J.J. are very worried about Jennifer, and start looking for her, Jack gets a Cryptic Text from Jennifer telling where she is. But when Jack and J.J. get there it's empty, not long after Jack get a call from Dr. Shah telling him to do exactly what he says, Jack rushes to the apartment where Jennifer is being help captive, Jack and Dr. Shah fight and they both get knocked out, Jeniffer rushes to Jack and asks him if he's okay, Jack looks at Jennifer as he's remembering their life together. He looks at Jennifer and says "I remember".


Joe Vance

# Joe Vance

## Abstract

Joseph 'Sandy' Albert Vance (September 16, 1905 – July 4, 1978) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched parts of three seasons in the majors between 1935 and 1938 for the Chicago White Sox and New York Yankees.

Vance was born in Devine, Texas, and went to Devine High School and then Southwest Texas State Teachers College where he lettered in five sports including football (1927), basketball (1928-29), baseball and track (1927).

While he didn't have much success as a pitcher, Vance was known for being fast - and likely the fastest person in baseball at one point. In 1929, he set the world record for running the bases at 13 seconds. Speaking in 1943, pitcher Max Macon of the baseball Dodgers, against whom Vance had competed in both the American Association and International League, called his former mound opponent the fastest man he'd ever seen. He turned down a chance to compete in the 1928 Olympics in track to concentrate on baseball.

He started his career in the minors and played 13 seasons of minor league baseball between 1930 and 1942. He finished with a win-loss record at that level of 108-101, and a 3.53 earned run averrage.

Vance also played 11 games for the football Brooklyn Dodgers in 1931 as a running back.

In 1933 Vance played for the Dallas Steers in the Texas League where he was named the best all-around player in the Texas League. In 1934 he was signed by the Chicago White Sox in September but continued to play for the Steers and also played football for the Dallas Rams of the 1934 American Football League. In June of 1935 he was released by the White Sox to Toronto. By 1936, he was playing for the Kansas City Blues.

Late in the 1937 season, Vance was called up to the Yankees and started the 1938 season with them before spending a short time back with the Blues. In 1938, Vance's season was cut short when he came down with appendicitis, which led the Yankees to trade Myril Hoag to the Nationals for Wes Ferrell. The Yankees won the World Series in both 1937 and 1938, but Vance did not play in those games.

In Panama he met his wife, Helen Liddy and the two were married in New York City in 1938. During World War II, he served in the Navy.

## Sources

- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)


Malwa (Punjab)

# Malwa (Punjab)

## Abstract

Malwa is a geographical region in the south of Punjab state in India. It is located between south of the Sutlej river, north of the Ghaggar river, east of Pakistan, and west of the Sivalik Hills.

## Etymology

The name of the region is derived from the Malavas, an ancient Indic tribe which inhabited the area in antiquity.

## History

The city of Ferozepur, located in the Malwa region, was founded sometime in the latter half of the 14th century by Firuz Shah Tughlaq the third of the Delhi Sultanate. Later-on during the Mughal Empire, Ferozepur acted as the capital of the Multan subah (province) according to the Ain-i-Akbari. The Sidhu clan of the Jats wielded power and influence in the local area.

The sixth Sikh guru, Guru Hargobind, visited the Jagraon region of Malwa in western Ludhiana and a Gurdwara called 'Guru Sar' was constructed in the village of Kaunke, located 7 km southwest of the city of Jagraon itself, to commemorate his visit to the locality between the years 1631–1632. During the Early Mughal-Sikh Wars, in 1634 Guru Hargobind left Amritsar to avoid Mughal persecution and arrived near Moga with fresh recruits enlisted en-route to stage a counter-attack against the Mughal government. When near Moga, he sent his family to safety in Kartarpur and whilst he remained in the Malwa region with his army. The tenth guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh, traveled around the Muktsar part of the Malwa region for around a year, converting many local Jats to Sikhism while doing so. During the Sikh Confederacy of the 18th century, the Bhangi Misl held sway.

## Culture

The local Punjabi dialect of the cultural region is known as Malwai, which differs from other adjacent Punjabic lects. Malwai Giddha is a local dance form which evolved in the region.

## Demographics

The Malwa region was historically sparsely populated in-comparison to the more occupied Majha and Doaba regions.

## Districts of Malwa

The following districts are classified as Malwa (note that some of these districts' areas may overlap with the neighbouring Poadh region):

Parts of these districts also speak Malwai Punjabi

- Kalawali Mandi area of Sirsa

- Area north of Ghaggar river Fatehabad


Luis Segura

# Luis Segura

## Abstract

Luis Segura (born in Mao, Dominican Republic year 1939), is a popular traditional Dominican singer who refers to himself as 'The Father of Bachata '. He is considered one of the best interpreters of traditional bachata with hits like "Pena por ti", "Dicen", and "No me celes tanto". Segura's first recordings were in the 1960s but it wasn't until his release of "Pena por ti" in the early 1970s that Segura hit stardom.

## Discography

### Studio albums

- Perdido (1965)

- Perdido

- Ya No Me Importa Nada

- No Soy Feliz

- Eres Tú Cuando Caminas

- Quién Podrá

- Por Eso Debes Sufrir

- Dónde Está Ella

- Yo No Sé Lo Que Me Pasa

- Dios Mío No Nos Desampares

- Si Será Como Un Castigo

- No Voy A Llorar

- Tengo Que Olvidarte

- En Nueva York (1971)

- No Me Tortures

- Cariñito De Mi Vida

- Yo No Culpo A Nadie

- No Me Tortures

- Siempre Te Recuerdo A Ti

- Abre Mi Pecho

- Donde Tú Estás

- Cuando Estoy Cerca De Ti

- Tú Eres Mi Vida

- Tú No Me Quieres A Mi

- Que Me Castigue Dios

- La Copa Rota (1973)

- Esa Mujer

- Tú Eres Mi Hembra

- Mi Palomita

- Olvida

- Cuando Miro Su Retrato

- La Copa Rota

- Lucero De Medianoche

- Vete

- Como El Álamo Al Camino

- Mentiras Tuyas

- Luis Segura y Su Conjunto (1979)

- Escondida

- Me Siento Convencido

- Carmencita

- Yo Me Creía

- Tanto Que Sufro

- Aunque Todas Me Desprecien

- El Día Que Yo Nací

- No Te Vayas

- Qué Soledad

- Cuando Se Quiere Mucho

- Muchachita De Mi Vida

- Me Duele Decirte

- Amorcito De Mi Alma (1982)

- Dejame Tomar

- Quiero Ser Libre

- Nada Vas A Lograr

- Sin Ti

- Amorcito De Mi Alma

- Plegaria

- Mi Corazon Te Llama

- Mi Madre Sufre

- Odio En La Sangre

- Amar En La Pobreza

- Pena Por Ti (1982)

- Pena Por Ti

- Déjame Ya

- Mi Muchachita

- Siéntate En Mi Mesa

- No Me Celes Tanto

- Se Rompió La Cadena

- Yo Encontré Lo que Buscaba

- Dicen

- Yo Quiero Hablarte

- Amor Por Ti

- Me Dejaste Solo (1983)

- Me Dejaste Solo

- Corazón De Acero

- Consejo De Un Amigo

- El Gran Bohemio

- Para Mí No Hay Navidad

- Tu Nombre

- Recuérdame

- Piénsalo Bien

- Súplica

- Arrodíllate

- Me Dicen El Amargado (1984)

- Me Dicen El Amargado

- La Felicidad

- Te Esperaré

- El Prendedor

- El Día Que Nací Yo

- Cuando Estoy Contigo

- Nadie Lo Debe Saber

- No Mereces Que Te Mire

- Si Me Dejas No Vale

- Que Triste

- Tu Sabes / Mas Ñoño Que Nunca (1984)

- Tú Sabes

- Dime La Verdad

- Llanto

- Ven Que Me Muero

- Por Esos Caminos

- Me Estás Acabando

- Ten Compasión De Mí

- ¿Por Qué Dudas De Mí?

- Mi Noche Triste

- Esta Navidad

- En Grande (1985)

- Pero Que Navidad

- Por Qué Bailas Con Él

- La Canción de Mis Recuerdos

- Yo Te Necesito

- Aunque Me Mate De Pena

- Por Un Puñado De Plata

- Adelante Merengue

- No Quiero Que Te Vayas

- La Situación

- Quédate Con Tu Dinero

- Canciones De Amargue (1986)

- Por Un Poco De Tu Amor

- Te Da Mucho Calor

- Perdóname Señor

- Mami

- Ya No Te Quiero

- Hoy Me Toca Reír

- Por Qué Razón

- No Me Dejas Vivir

- Si Vuelves A Salir

- Celos Sin Razón

- No Te Separes De Mí (1987)

- Penitencia

- Que Agonía

- Los Obreros

- No Te Separes De Mí

- No Me Hagas Sufrir Tanto

- Tú Me Necesitas

- Pasemos Este Momento

- Me Tienes Loco

- Lucero Que Alumbra El Día

- No Me Molestes

- El Añoñaito! (1989)

- Dime Que Me Quieres

- Me Muero Por Ella

- No Soy Malo

- Que Murmuren

- No Puedo Más

- Ya lo Sé Que Te Vas

- Ya Te Olvidé

- Nuestro Juramento

- Ahora Que Quieres

- Presentimientos

- Qué Destino (1989)

- La Cobardía

- Qué Destino

- Qué Tú Tienes

- Solo

- Ahora en Esta Barra

- Yo No Sé

- Ya Están Diciendo

- Amada Mía

- Qué Sé Yo

- Cada Día

- Todo... Sentimiento (1992)

- Déjame

- Qué Será

- Que No

- Dónde Estará

- Brindemos Por Ella

- Te Vas

- Amor

- Tiempo Que Se Va No Vuelve

- Quítame Esta Pena

- Empecemos De Nuevo

- El Papá De La Bachata (1996)

- Tú No Te Atreves

- Ámame

- Que Quieres Tú de Mi

- Por Qué Huyes

- Toda La Vida

- Mamita

- Dime

- Una Más

- El Primer Beso

- Junto A Mí

- Hasta Cuándo (1997)

- Ella Se Fue

- Déjenme Llorar

- Hasta Cuándo

- Me Robaste el Alma

- Por Tu Culpa

- Nunca Eres Feliz

- Qué Ganas con Llorar

- La Fe Verdadera

- Ay Corazón

- Por Qué Te Sigo Amando

- Como Yo (1998)

- Como Yo

- Una Chica Como Tú

- Traicionera

- Si Supieras

- Ay Morena

- No Te Voy A Dejar

- Para Qué Llorar

- Casado y Loco

- Serenata

- Por Qué Sufrir

- La Razón De Mi Vida (1999)

- Los Celos

- No Puedo Dejarte de Amar

- No Puedo Más

- La Quiero

- Qué Te He Hecho

- Afincao

- Ese Mequetrefe

- Amor y Fantasía

- No Me Digas Adiós

- La Razón De Mi Vida

- Desde Que Te Fuiste

- Afincao (Mix)

- Cosas De La Vida (2000)

- Me La Pagarás

- Bájate De Esa Nube

- Porque Moriré

- Dos Mujeres

- Cosas De La Vida

- Cuando Estoy Contigo

- Vuelve A Casa

- No Puedo

- Ay Mami

- Decídete Ya

- Yo Te Perdono (2002)

- Pena Penita

- Dímelo

- No Digas Nada (Bachata Version)

- No Puedo Perdonarte

- Por Ella

- Te Perdono (Bachata Version)

- Prefiero La Muerte

- No Digas Nada (Bolero Version)

- Te Perdono (Bolero Version)

- No Mereces Que Te Mire

- Perdóname

- No Me Hablen Más De Ella

- Yo Volveré (2006)

- Maldigo La Hora

- Ya No Creo En Ti

- Nuestro Amor Es Complicado

- Qué Destino

- Popurrí De Éxitos del Ayer

- Si Tú Te Me Vas

- Yo Volveré

- Ay Qué Pena

- Lo Averiguaré

- Ejemplo De Amor

- Madre

- Amarte En Silencio

- El Abandonado (2016)

- El Abandonado

- Prefiero La Muerte

- Linda

- Yo Te Lo Dije

- Pena Por Ti (2016 Version)

- Contigo

- Corazón De Acero (2016 Version)

- Háblame

- Se Me Desgarra El Alma

- Amiga Mia

- Conduelete De Mi

- Toma Toma

### Greatest albums

- Con Sus Viejos Éxitos (1976)

- Carinito De Mi Vida

- Siempre Te Recuerdo A Ti

- No Me Tortures

- Yo No Culpo A Nadie

- Abre Mi Pecho

- Donde Tu Estas

- Cuando Estoy Cerca De Ti

- Tu Eres Mi Vida

- Tu No Me Quieres A Mi

- Que Me Castigue Dios

- Con Sus Éxitos (1978)

- No Te Vayas

- Yo Te Buscaba

- Otro Escándalo

- Te Necesito

- No Me Quiten La Botella

- Me Siento Convencido

- Qué Soledad

- Cuando Se Quiere Mucho

- Muchachita De Mi Vida

- Me Duele Decirte

- 15 Éxitos De Luis Segura (1990)

- Pena Por Ti

- Déjame Ya

- Mi Muchachita

- Siéntate En Mi Mesa

- No Me Celes Tanto

- Se Rompió La Cadena

- Yo Encontré lo que Buscaba

- Dicen

- Yo Quiero Hablarte

- Amor Por Ti

- Corazón De Acero

- Como El Álamo Al Camino

- Rayito De Sol

- Tu Nombre

- Recuérdame

- 20 Grandes Éxitos (1992)

- Disc 1

- Cariñito De Mi Vida

- Siempre Te Recuerdo a Ti

- Donde Tú Estás

- Que Me Castigue Dios

- Abre Mi Pecho

- Yo No Culpo A Nadie

- Que Destino

- Ahora Estoy En La Barra

- Yo No Sé

- Tú Sabes

- Disc 2

- Ven Que Me Muero

- Dime La Verdad

- Mi Noche Triste

- Me Estás Acabando

- ¿Por Qué Dudas De Mí?

- Ten Compasión De Mí

- Amada Mía

- Por Esos Caminos

- Ya Están Diciendo

- Llanto

### Collaborative albums

- El Papá De La Bachata, Su Legado (2020)

- Añoñado 1

- Las Del Mayimbe (Medley) (feat. Anthony Santos)

- Como El Lucero y la Luna (feat. Danny Rivera)

- Mi Muchachita (feat. Johnny Ventura)

- Vete (feat. Fefita La Grande)

- Cariñito De Mi Vida (feat. Victor Victor)

- Agonía (feat. Leonardo Paniagua)

- Pena Por Tí (feat. José Antonio Rodríguez)

- Me Tiene Loco (feat. Cuco Valoy)

- Quién Podrá (feat. Niní Cáffaro)

- El Amargado (feat. Ramón Torres)

- Añoñado 2

- Las Del Rey Supremo (Medley) (feat. Luis Vargas)

- Perdido (feat. Charlie Zaa)

- Déjame Ya (feat. José Alberto "El Canario")

- Vuelve (feat. Sergio Vargas)

- Tu No Sabes (feat. Joe Veras)

- No Voy A llorar (feat. Frank Reyes)

- Dónde Está Ella (feat. Teodoro Reyes)

- Ven Que Me Muero (feat. Felix D’ Oleo)

- No Te Puedo Querer (feat. Vickiana)

- Para Que Llorar (feat. Kiko Rodriguez)

- Añoñado 3

- Las Del Cacique (Medley) (feat. Raulín Rodríguez)

- Celos Sin Razón (feat. Miriam Cruz)

- No Te Separes De Mí (feat. Sexappeal)

- Yo No Culpo A Nadie (feat. Fernando Villalona)

- No Soy Feliz (feat. Luis Miguel Del Amargue)

- Ella Es Mala (feat. El Chaval)

- Por Esos Caminos (feat. Pavel Nuñez)

- Que Tú Tienes (feat. Rubby Pérez)

- No Te Voy A Dejar (feat. Vakero)

- Casado y Loco (feat. Andy Andy)

- Añoñado 4

- Como Yo (feat. Romeo Santos)

- Traicionera (feat. Secreto “El Famoso Biberón”)

- Si Será Como Un Castigo (feat. Yiyo Sarante)

- Una Chica Como Tú (feat. Alex Bueno)

- Cuando Estoy Contigo (feat. Elvis Martínez)

- Linda (feat. Zacarías Ferreíra)

- Mátame y Así Termina Todo (feat. Wason Brazobán)

- No Te Olvido Mami (feat. Alexandra)

- Dejo Mi Barrio (feat. El Prodigio)

- Una Copa Más (Medley) (feat. Edward Sssegura)


SLiM