2024 Chicago Cubs season

# 2024 Chicago Cubs season

## Abstract

The 2024 Chicago Cubs season is the 153rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 149th in the National League, and the Cubs' 109th season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs are led by first-year manager Craig Counsell and play as members of Major League Baseball 's National League Central.

## Previous season

The Cubs finished the 2023 season 83–79 to finish in second place in the Central division, nine games behind the Brewers. After being in position for a wild card spot through most of August and September, the Cubs finished one game out of the final wild card spot. It marked the third consecutive season they failed to make the playoffs.

## Offseason

### Coaching changes

On November 6, 2023, the Cubs fired manager David Ross after four seasons. Craig Counsell, who had managed the Milwaukee Brewers for the previous nine years, was named the new manager on the same day in a surprising move. There had been no prior indications that the Cubs would fire Ross or were interested in hiring Counsell. The Cubs gave Counsell a contract for five years at $8 million per year, making him the highest paid manager in MLB history.

On January 2, 2024, the Cubs named Ryan Flaherty the team's bench coach. Other new coaches included Darren Holmes as the bullpen coach, Mark Strittmatter as major league field coordinator, and assistant hitting coach John Mallee, who had previously been the Cubs' hitting coach from 2015 to 2017.

### Transactions

#### October 2023

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#### November 2023

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#### December 2023

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#### January 2024

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#### February 2024

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#### March 2024

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## Regular season

### Opening Day starters

Thursday, March 28, 2024 vs. Texas Rangers at Globe Life Field.

### Season standings

#### National League Central

#### National League Wild Card

#### Record vs. opponents

Updated with the results of all games through September 12, 2024.

### Season summary

#### March

- March 9 – The Cubs announced that Justin Steele would be the Opening Day starting pitcher.

- March 28 – The Cubs opened the season on the road against the defending World Series champion Texas Rangers. Justin Steele allowed one run in 4.2 innings and left with what was termed as left hamstring tightness. With the game tied at two in the top of the ninth, newly acquired Michael Busch scored from second on a wild pitch that replays showed was a foul ball. Adbert Alzolay gave up a tying homer in the bottom of the ninth to send the game to extra innings. In the 10th, Jonah Heim singled in the winning run for the Rangers as the Cubs lost 4–3. Steele was later placed on the injured list and was expected to miss at least a month.

- March 30 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs took an early lead off a two-run home run by Dansby Swanson in the second, but Kyle Hendricks surrendered five runs in 3.2 innings of work. Ben Brown gave up six runs in 1.2 innings as the Cubs were blown out by the Rangers 11–2.

- March 31 – In the finale of the opening series on Easter, Christopher Morel hit a three-run home run in the first to give the Cubs an early lead. Jordan Wicks surrendered the lead twice, allowing five runs in four innings. However, the Cub bullpen held the Rangers scoreless in five innings. With the game tied at five in the ninth, Ian Happ, who had four hits on the day, took a bases loaded walk to give the Cubs a one-run lead. Seiya Suzuki followed with a two-RBI single as the Cubs beat the Rangers 9–5 to start the season 1–2.

#### April

- April 1 – A day later, the Cubs opened the home portion of the regular season against the Colorado Rockies at Wrigley Field. Shōta Imanaga made his major league debut and threw six shutout innings while allowing only two hits and striking out nine. However, the game remained scoreless until the bottom of the sixth when Christopher Morel singled to left with runners on first and second. Rockie outfielder Nolan Jones missed the ground ball, allowing the ball to roll to the wall. Two runs scored on the play and a bad throw by Jones allowed Morel to come all the way around for a 3–0 lead. A Cody Bellinger two-run single in the seventh finished the scoring as the Cubs won 5–0.

- April 2 – In game two of the series against the Rockies, Javier Assad threw six scoreless innings. Meanwhile, the Cub offense pounded out 12 runs and 14 hits including home runs by Seiya Suzuki, Christopher Morel, Garrett Cooper, and Cody Bellinger. The 12–2 win moved the Cubs to 3–2 on the season.

- April 3 – In the finale of the series against the Rockies, Luke Little was used as an opener and pitched a scoreless first inning. Ben Brown pitched four innings in relief while allowing only one run. Meanwhile, the Cubs jumped to an 8–2 lead on a homer by Seiya Suzuki as well as a bases-clearing single for Miguel Amaya. However, the Cub bullpen allowed five run in the eighth to allow the Rockies to tie the game. In the bottom of the eighth, Miles Mastrobuoni reached on a dropped third strike and Suzuki drove in the go-ahead run on a fielder's choice. Adbert Alzolay pitched the ninth to secure the Cubs' fourth straight win.

- April 5 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs faced the Los Angeles Dodgers at Wrigley. Kyle Hendricks allowed five runs in four innings, but left with a 6–5 lead behind home runs by Dansby Swanson and Michael Busch. Seiya Suzuki drove in three runs while Ian Happ hit a two-run triple to give the Cubs a 9–5 lead. The Cub bullpen allowed two runs and Adbert Alzolay earned his first save as the Cubs won 9–7.

- April 6 – In game two against the Dodgers, Jordan Wicks allowed two runs in 4.2 innings. The cub bullpen allowed two runs, only one earned. However, the Cub offense only scored one run as the Cubs lost 4–1.

- April 7 – In the series finale, Michael Busch drove in three runs with a bases clearing double in the first. Mike Tauchman drove in another run with a double as the Cubs took the early lead. The game was halted by rain in the bottom of the fourth with the Cubs ahead 7–0. After an almost three hour rain delay, Cody Bellinger hit a solo home run as the Cubs won 8–1. Shōta Imanaga threw four scoreless innings before the rain delay to continue his scoreless start to his major league career. The win moved the Cubs to 6–3 on the season.

- April 8 – The Cubs next traveled to San Diego to face the Padres. The Cubs started well, jumping to an 8–0 lead through five innings. Ian Happ and Cody Bellinger drove in two runs each on singles in the second. Bellinger drove in a third run and Dansby Swanson tripled in a run to give the Cubs the 8–0 lead. However, Jaiver Assad and two Cub relievers allowed seven runs to the Padres in the sixth. Adbert Alzolay gave up a two-run homer to Fernando Tatís Jr. in the bottom of the eighth as the Cubs lost 9–8.

- April 9 – Rookie Ben Brown got the start for the Cubs and pitched 4.2 scoreless innings. Yan Gomes hit his first homer of the season in the fifth and three batters later, Christopher Morel hit his first career grand slam. The Cub bullpen allowed only one run as the Cubs beat the Padres 5–1.

- April 10 – Kyle Hendricks allowed seven runs in five innings as the Cubs lost to the Padres 10–2. Michael Busch hit a two-run home run to tally the Cubs only runs of the game. The loss moved the Cubs to 7–5 on the season.

- April 12 – The Cubs continued their West Coast road trip with a visit to Seattle to face the Mariners. Jordan Wicks allowed four runs in four innings. Michael Busch homered for the second consecutive game, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost 4–2.

- April 13 – In game two of the series against the Mariners, Miguel Amaya and Seiya Suzuki homered. Michael Busch also homered, for the third straight game, as the Cubs won 4–1. Shōta Imanaga pitched 5.1 innings without allowing an earned run in the win.

- April 14 – Michael Busch homered for the fourth consecutive game while Javier Assad allowed only two runs in 5.2 innings. The Mariners had runners in scoring position in the seventh and eighth, but could not score. Adbert Alzolay picked Julio Rodríguez off of first with two outs in the bottom of the ninth to end the game and notch his third save of the year in the 3–2 win.

- April 15 – After receiving news that Seiya Suzuki would miss a month with an oblique injury, Michael Busch homered for the fifth straight game while Ben Brown allowed only one run in six innings of work. However, the game against the Diamondbacks in Arizona remained tied into the eighth before the D-Backs took the 2–1 lead. In the top of ninth, Nico Hoerner scored from second on a wild pitch to tie the game at two. In the 11th, Hoerner singled in the go-ahead run while Keegan Thompson pitched two scoreless innings to give the Cubs the 3–2 win.

- April 16 – In the second game against the Diamondbacks, Kyle Hendricks allowed 7 runs in 4.1 innings, blowing a three-run lead. The Cubs rallied to score six runs in the seventh, including Ian Happ's first homer of the year, a grand slam, to take an 11–8 lead. However, the Diamondbacks scored a run in the seventh, eighth, and ninth innings to tie the game and force extra innings. Drew Smyly allowed a base hit to the first batter in the 10th to give the Diamondbacks the 12–11 win.

- April 17 – In the finale of the nine-game road trip, Jordan Wicks allowed two runs in 4.1 innings. Newly recalled Hayden Wesneski pitched four innings of scoreless relief as the Cubs beat the Diamondbacks 5–3. Cody Bellinger homered while Mike Tauchman, Yan Gomes, and Michael Busch each drove in a run in the win. The win moved the Cubs to 11–7 on the season, finishing the road trip at 5–4.

- April 19 – After a rainout, the Cubs returned home to play the Miami Marlins at Wrigley Field. In his first appearance of the year after returning from an injury, Jameson Taillon allowed only one run in five innings. Miguel Amaya drove in two runs while six other Cubs drove in a run in the 8–3 Cub win.

- April 20 – In the first game of a doubleheader, Javier Assad allowed one run in 4.2 innings of work. Patrick Wisdom drove in two runs while three Cub relievers kept the 2–1 Cub lead. Adbert Alzolay got the final out of the eighth, but gave up a go-ahead two-run homer in the top of the ninth as the Cubs lost to the Marlins 3–2. It was Alzolay's fourth blown save of the season. In game two of the doubleheader, Shōta Imanaga gave up his first earned runs of the season, but the Cubs scored four times in the bottom of the sixth that resulted in a 5–3 win over the Marlins. Cody Bellinger and Alexander Canario homered in the win. Héctor Neris pitched a scoreless ninth for the save.

- April 21 – In the finale of the series against the Marlins, Kyle Hendricks continued to struggle, allowing four runs in four innings. Nico Hoerner had three hits and drove in two runs, but the Cub bullpen surrendered two more runs. As a result, the Cubs lost 6–3.

- April 23 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs faced the Houston Astros at Wrigley. Jordan Wicks allowed only two runs in six innings of work while the Cub bullpen held the Astros scoreless. Cody Bellinger hit a two-run homer in the first and Mike Tauchman homered twice, including a three-run shot in the first, as the Cubs won easily 7–2. Bellinger did leave the game later with a rib injury after running into the wall. The win moved the Cubs to 14–9 on the season.

- April 24 – After finding out Cody Bellinger would be placed on the injured list with a broken rib, the Cubs took an early 4–0 lead on a Michael Busch sacrifice fly and Dansby Swanson three-run homer in the first. Jameson Taillon and four Cub relievers allowed three runs, but were able to hold on to beat the Astros 4–3.

- April 25 – In the finale of the series against the Astros, Pete Crow-Armstrong, called up due to Cody Bellinger's injury, got his first major league hit – a two-run home run in the sixth to give the Cubs the 3–1 win. Javier Assad allowed one run in 5.2 innings. Hayden Wesneski shut out the Astros in 2.1 innings of relief while Héctor Neris pitched the ninth for a second consecutive save. The win moved the Cubs to 16–9 on the season.

- April 26 – The Cubs returned to the road to face the Red Sox in Boston. Shōta Imanaga allowed only one run in 6.1 innings while reliever Keegan Thompson shut out the Sox in 2.1 innings of relief. Patrick Wisdom had a pinch-hit two-run double while Pete Crow-Armstrong drove in two more runs as the Cubs won easily 7–1.

- April 27 – In game two against the Red Sox, Jordan Wicks was sent to the injured list instead of making the start. Ben Brown made the spot start and allowed three runs in 3.2 innings. Two Cub relievers allowed eight more runs which led to Matt Mervis pitching the eighth and allowing six more runs. The Cubs were blown out 17–0.

- April 28 – In the finale against the Red Sox, the Cubs trailed 4–0 in the seventh before Matt Mervis drove in the first Cub run of the game. Mike Tauchman tied the game with a three-run homer in the eighth, but Mark Leiter Jr. walked one and allowed to hits without getting an out in the bottom of the ninth as the Red Sox won 5–4.

- April 29 – The Cubs next traveled to face the New York Mets. Jameson Taillon continued his strong start to the season pitching 7.1 innings and allowing only one run. However, the Cubs were held without a hit until the eighth before Nick Madrigal drove in the tying run on a fielder's choice. In the ninth, Christopher Morel hit a two-run homer to give the Cubs the 3–1 win as the Cubs moved to 18–11 on the season and into sole possession of first place in the Central division.

- April 30 – Javier Assad allowed two runs, both unearned, in five plus innings and Adbert Alzolay gave up a three-run homer as the Cubs lost to the Mets 4–2.

#### May

- May 1 – Shōta Imanaga continued his strong start, pitching seven scoreless innings while three Cub relievers also shut out the Mets. A sacrifice fly by Pete Crow-Armstrong in the fifth gave the Cubs the 1–0 lead. With the score the same in the bottom of the ninth, Hector Neris hit a batter and gave up a double to put runners at second and third with only one out. On the next play, a fly ball to left field was caught by Ian Happ for the second. The runner at third, Pete Alonso, tried to score on the play, but Happ threw to Nick Madrigal who threw Alonso out at home for the double play to end the game. A review of the play upheld the call to give the Cubs the win.

- May 2 – In the finale of the four-game series against the Mets, the Cubs took an early four-run lead, but the Mets tied it at five in the sixth. Neither team scored again until the 11th when Nick Madrigal drove in the go-ahead run. Daniel Palencia hit the first batter of the 11th before Francisco Lindor doubled in both runs to give the Mets the 7–6 win. The loss dropped the Cubs to 19–13 on the season.

- May 3 – The Cubs returned home to face the division-leading Milwaukee Brewers. Hayden Wesneski got the start and held the Brewers scoreless for 6.1 innings. Adbert Alzolay continued to struggle, surrendering three runs in one-third of ainning. A Christopher Morel homer was the only run for the Cubs as they lost 3–1.

- May 4 – Jameson Taillon pitched six scoreless innings while allowing only two infield hits to the Brewers. Nico Hoerner hit his first home run of the season while Christopher Morel and Patrick Wisdom homered as well to give the Cubs a 5–0 lead. Keegan Thompson failed to get an out in the seventh and allowed four runs to narrow the Cub lead to 5–4. Wisdom drove in his second run of the game with a single in the eighth and Hector Neris allowed a run before getting the final out as the Cubs won 6–5.

- May 5 – Javier Assad pitched six scoreless innings to continue his strong start to the season. Nico Hoerner drove in two runs with a double and scored on a wild pitch to give the Cubs a 3–0 lead over the Brewers. Dansby Swanson made two great defensive plays to keep the Brewers scoreless and homered to push the lead to four. A Christopher Morel single put the lead to five before Yency Almonte and Daniel Palencia pitched three scoreless innings of relief for the 5–0 win. The win put the Cubs in a virtual tie with the Brewers for the division lead.

- May 6 – Justin Steele came off the injured list to face the Padres at Wrigley. Steele pitched 4.2 scoreless innings before the Cub bullpen surrendered six runs in the top of the sixth. Christopher Morel hit a two-run homer in the bottom of the sixth and Yan Gomes added a solo shot in the seventh, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost 6–3.

- May 7 – In the second game of the series against the Padres, Cody Bellinger came off the injured list and hit a solo home run in the fourth. Shōta Imanaga pitched seven scoreless innings before giving up a two-run homer and the lead in the eighth. In the bottom of the eighth, Christopher Morel drove in the tying run on a sacrifice fly. Tied at two in the bottom of the ninth with rain starting to fall, Michael Busch hit a home run on the first pitch of the inning to give the Cubs the walk-off win 3–2.

- May 8 – Hayden Wesneski got the start for the Cubs and surrendered three runs in six-plus innings. However, former Cub prospect Dylan Cease and two Padre relievers shut out the Cubs as they lost 3–0.

- May 10 – After an off day, the Cubs traveled to Pittsburgh to face the Pirates. Javier Assad allowed only one earned in run in 4.1 innings while Ben Brown pitched 3.2 scoreless innings of relief. Cody Bellinger had four hits including a home run and drove in a run. Nick Madrigal drove in two runs as the Cubs won easily 7–2.

- May 11 – In game two against the Pirates, the number one pick from the 2023 draft, Paul Skenes, made his MLB debut for the Pirates. He struck out seven batters in four-plus innings and left with a 6–1 lead. However, Pirate relief pitchers walked four batters with the bases loaded to bring the Cubs with in on at 6–5. After an infield single by Mike Tauchman tied the game, the game was delayed for 2 plus hours due to rain. Upon resumption of the game, Pirate pitching walked two more batters with the bases loaded to give the Cubs and 8–6 lead. However, Keegan Thompson allowed a three-run homer in the bottom of the fifth to surrender the lead. The fifth home run of the day for the Pirates put the lead at 10–8 in the sixth. The Cubs narrowed the lead to one in the ninth, but lost 10–9. Justin Steel returned from the injured list to make the start for the Cubs, but allowed six runs in four innings.

- May 12 – In the finale of the series against the Pirates, the Cubs took a 2–0 lead in the first on a Christopher Morel home run. Kyle Hendricks returned from the injured list and allowed only one run in five innings. However, the Pirates tied it in the sixth and the game went to extra innings. In the 10th, Codey Bellinger singled in the Manfred runner, but was thrown out at second on the play. Patrick Wisdom followed with a home run before Mike Tauchman scored on a passed ball to give the Cubs a 5–2 lead. Adbert Alzolay gave up a two-run homer to the first batter in the bottom of the 10th, but held on for the 5–4 win.

- May 13 – The Cubs next faced the Atlanta Braves in Atlanta. Shōta Imanaga pitched five scoreless innings while allowing seven hits. Hayden Wesneski allowed two runs in three innings of relief as the Cubs were shut out 2–0.

- May 14 – Jameson Taillon allowed seven runs, only two earned, though he committed the error leading to the unearned runs. The Cubs were once again shut out by the Braves, losing 7–0.

- May 15 – In the final game against the Braves, Javier Assad lowered his season ERA to 1.49 by pitching six scoreless innings. Mike Tauchman and Seiya Suzuki homered for the Cubs while Pete Crow-Armstrong tripled and drove in two runs, one on a bunt single. The Cub bullpen only allowed one run as the Cubs avoided the sweep with a 7–1 win. The win moved the Cubs to 25–19 on the season, 1.5 games behind the division-leading Brewers.

- May 16 – Justin Steele allowed five runs, four earned in 5.2 innings of work against the Pirates. Ian Happ homered for the Cubs as they lost 5–4 at Wrigley.

- May 17 – Again facing Paul Skenes, the Cubs went hitless in his six innings of work. Meanwhile, Kyle Hendricks allows eight run 4.2 innings as the Cubs lost to the Pirates 9–3.

- May 18 – Shōta Imonaga pitched seven scoreless innings, but the game remained tied in the bottom of the ninth. Cody Bellinger doubled before Christopher Morel singled to score Bellinger on a play at the plate that was reviewed, but the call stood as the Cubs beat the Pirates 1–0.

- May 19 – Jameson Taillon allowed three runs in 4.2 innings while the Cub offense managed only two runs against the Pirates in the 3–2 loss.

- May 21 – After an off day, the Braves visited Wrigley Field for a three-game series. Dansby Swanson returned from the injured list and had two hits and a run scored. Jaiver Assad gave up three runs, two earned, in just 4.1 innings of work. However, the Cub bullpen kept the Braves scoreless. Mike Tauchman drove in two runs, including the tying run in the sixth. The game went to extra innings and Nico Hoerner, playing for the first time after missing five games with a hamstring injury, hit an infield single to score the Manfred runner in the 10th. The 4–3 win moved the Cubs to 27–22 on the season, 1.5 games behind the Brewers in the division.

- May 22 – In game two against the Braves, Justin Steele left in the sixth with the Cubs trailing 3–1. Jose Cuas allowed two home runs in the inning in relief of Steels as the lead ballooned to 8–1. Max Fried pitched a complete game for the Braves while surrendering only two runs and three hits in the 9–2 Cubs' loss.

- May 23 – In the finale of the series and homestand, Ben Brown got the start with Kyle Hendricks moving to the bullpen after his poor start to the season. Brown pitched four scoreless innings to start the game. Hayden Wesneski allowed a solo home run in relief and Hendricks allowed two runs in his second ever relief appearance as the Cubs lost 3–0.

- May 25 – After a rainout the prior day, the Cubs faced the Cardinals at Busch Stadium. Jameson Taillon allowed three runs in 5.2 innings, but left with the game tied at three. Patrick Wisdom doubled in a run in the seventh to give the Cubs a 4–3 lead, but Mark Leiter Jr. allowed four runs in the eighth as the Cubs lost 7–6.

- May 26 – After a two and a half hour rain delay, Javier Assad allowed four runs on two, two-run Paul Goldschmidt homers. Ian Happ also homered twice, a two-run homer in the seventh and a solo shot in the ninth, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost their fourth game in a row 4–3.

- May 27 – The Cubs next traveled to face the Brewers in Milwaukee. Justin Steele pitched seven scoreless innings before the bullpen surrendered five runs in the eighth. The Cub offense continued to struggle, pushing only one run across as the Cubs lost 5–1. The loss dropped the Cubs to 27–27 on the season.

- May 28 – In game two of the series against the Brewers, Ben Brown pitched seven no-hit innings before leaving with a 1–0 lead. Hayden Wesneski allowed a hit in the eighth, but the Cubs still led 1–0 in the ninth before the Brewers tied it to force extra innings. In the 10th, rookie Luis Vázquez scored from second when Mike Tauchman singled off reliever Trevor Megill 's arm. Cody Bellinger and Michael Busch each singled to drive in a run in the inning while Ian Happ doubled to score two and give the Cubs a 6–1 advantage. Luke Little allowed two runs in the bottom of the 10th, but the Cubs held on for the 6–3 win.

- May 29 – Shōta Imanaga has his first poor start of the season, allowing seven runs in 4.1 innings. Kyle Hendricks allowed three more runs in relief. Ian Happ homered and drove in two runs as the Cubs scored six runs for the second consecutive game. However, it was not enough as the Cubs lost to the Brewers 10–6 and moved back to.500 on the season.

- May 30 – Jameson Taillon allowed three runs in six innings of work. With the Cubs trailing 3–1 in the seventh, Seiya Suzuki hit a pinch-hit, two-run home run to tie the game at three. After allowing a run in the bottom of the seventh, Christopher Morel homered in the eighth to tie the game at four. However, Tyson Miller allowed a two-run homer in the bottom of the eighth as the Cubs lost to the Brewers 6–4. The loss dropped the Cubs to 28–29 on the season.

- May 31 – Javier Assad allowed two runs in 5.1 innings against the Cincinnati Reds at Wrigley and left with a 3–2 lead. However, Drew Smyly allowed a two-run homer in the seventh to give the Reds a 4–3 lead. Ian Happ homered and drove in three runs in the game, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost again 5–4. The loss dropped the Cubs to 28–30 on the season and left them 7.5 games behind the Brewers in the division.

#### June

- June 1 – After a three and a half hour rain delay, Justin Steele allowed five runs, only one earned in five innings. Seiya Suzuki dropped an easy fly ball with the bases loaded in the second inning for an error that allowed three runs to score. He redeemed himself with a grand slam in the bottom of the second to tie the game at four. Dansby Swanson hit a two-run home run in the eighth to give the Cubs the 7–5 win.

- June 2 – In the finale of the series against the Reds, Ben Brown allowed five runs in five innings. The Cubs managed single runs in the fifth and the sixth, but lost 5–2. The lost dropped the Cubs back to two games under.500 on the season.

- June 4 – After a scheduled off day, Shōta Imonaga allowed five runs, only one earned, to the crosstown Chicago White Sox before the game was delayed by rain. Trailing 5–0, Dansby Swanson drove in a run in the fifth before Christopher Morel and Patrick Wisdom each hit two-run home runs in the sixth to tie the game at five. Hayden Wesneski allowed a home run in the seventh to put the Cubs behind by a run. In the bottom of the eighth, Ian Happ doubled in two runs to give the Cubs the 7–6 win.

- June 5 – For the second consecutive day, the Cubs fell behind 5–1 before the Cubs tied it in the seventh on a Cody Bellinger sacrifice fly. Ian Happ drove in the go-ahead run later in the inning. However, Hayden Wesneski allowed a home run for the second consecutive game to tie the game at six in the eighth. In the bottom of the ninth, Mike Tauchman hit a walk-off homer to give the Cubs another 7–6 win over the White Sox.

- June 6 – The Cubs next travelled to face the Reds in Cincinnati. Javier Assad allowed five runs in 5.2 innings while the Cub bullpen allowed three more runs. Seiya Suzuki and Christopher Morel each hit two-run homers, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost 8–4.

- June 7 – Justin Steele allowed three runs in seven innings, but the Cubs only managed two runs on a Dansby Swanson solo home run and a Miguel Amaya double. As a result, the Cubs lost their third game in a row, losing to the Reds 3–2.

- June 8 – Dansby Swanson doubled in the first to give the Cubs a 1–0 lead. Ben Brown allowed three runs in four innings and Jordan Wicks, coming off the IL, allowed one run in 3.1 innings of work. A Yan Gomes double in the sixth and a Pete Crow-Armstrong groundout in the eighth drew the Cubs within one run, but they couldn't tie the game as they lost to the Reds 4–3. The loss dropped the Cubs to 31–34 on the season and to last place in the division.

- June 9 – In the finale of the four-game series against the Reds, Ian Happ doubled with the bases loaded in the first to give the Cubs a 3–0 lead. Mike Tauchman doubled in a run in the second to push the Cub lead to 4–0. Shōta Imanaga allowed two runs in 6.2 innings and the Cub bullpen shut out the Reds to avoid the sweep. The Cubs won 4–2.

- June 11 – After an off day, Jameson Taillon pitched six scoreless innings against the Tampa Bay Rays in Tampa. Christopher Morel homered and David Bote drove in a run to give the Cubs a 2–0 lead. Leading by one in the ninth, Hector Neris allowed a single to tie the game at two. A batter later, Neris gave up a walk-off three-run homer to Brandon Lowe as the Cubs lost 5–2.

- June 12 – Javier Assad allowed two runs in 4.2 innings against the Rays. Cody Bellinger hit a three run homer in the seventh to give the Cubs a 4–2 lead. Hector Neris struggled again in the ninth, allowing a solo homer before giving up a single and a walk to put the winning run on base. However, he got a fly ball to end the game as the Cubs won 4–3.

- June 13 – Justin Steel pitched six scoreless innings and left with a 2–0 lead before Mark Leiter Jr. allowed three runs in the seventh to surrender the lead. The Cubs could manage no more runs and lost 3–2.

- June 14 – Returning home to face the Cardinals, Jordan Wicks made his first start since returning from the IL. However, Wicks left after 1.2 with another injury. The Cub bullpen held the Cardinals scoreless until the eighth. The Cub offense failed to score again as the Cubs lost 3–0.

- June 15 – In game two against the Cardinals, Shōta Imanaga allowed only one run in seven innings. Ahead 2–1 in the seventh, Ian Happ hit a three-run homer to give the Cubs some breathing room and a 5–1 win.

- June 16 – In the finale of the three-game series, Jameson Taillon allowed two runs in six innings. The Cub bullpen held the Cardinals scoreless, but the Cubs only managed a Michael Busch solo homer in the seventh as they lost 2–1.

- June 17 – The San Francisco Giants next came to town to face the Cubs. Javier Assad allowed only one run in five innings, but left trailing 1–0. Michael Busch homered for the second consecutive game, a two-run shot, to give the Cubs a 2–1 lead. Hayden Wesneski surrendered the lead in the seventh before Seiya Suzuki tied the game at three with a double in the seventh. Ian Happ followed with a three-run homer to give the Cubs a 6–3 lead. Mark Leiter Jr. allowed a run in the eighth, but the Cubs took a two-run lead into the ninth. However, Hector Neris allowed a three-run homer to surrender the lead in the ninth as the Cubs lost 7–6.

- June 18 – In the second game against the Giants, Justin Steele allowed two runs in 6.2 innings of work and left the game with the score tied at two on a Dansby Swanson two-run homer. With the game still tied at two in the eighth, Cody Bellinger, Ian Happ, and Christopher Morel each hit run-scoring singles to give the Cubs a 5–2 win.

- June 19 – Kyle Hendricks made his first start since May and allowed one run in 5.2 innings against the Giants. Dansby Swanson and Ian Happ hit back-to-back homers in the fourth and the Cubs pushed the lead to 6–1 in the seventh. Tyson Miller gave up a grand slam in the eighth after Mark Leiter Jr. had gotten into a bases load jam to narrow the lead to one. However, the Cubs were able to hold on for the 6–5 win.

- June 21 – After an off day, the Mets came to Wrigley for a three-game series. Shōta Imanaga allowed 10 runs in three innings as the Cubs were blown out 11–1.

- June 22 – In game two, Jameson Taillon scatter six hits over seven innings while allowing only one run. Christopher Morel homered and drove in two runs as the Cubs beat the Mets easily 8–1.

- June 23 – Javier Assad allowed four runs in 4.1 innings as the Cub offense managed only two runs on a Christopher Morel two-run homer. Despite Mets reliever Edwin Díaz being ejected in ninth due to a sticky substance on his hands, the Cubs lost 5–2.

- June 24 – The Cubs next travelled to San Francisco to face the Giants again. The Cubs jumped to an early 4–0 lead while Justin Steele allowed two runs in 7.1 innings. Leading 4–2 in the ninth, the Cubs allowed sacrifice flies to tie the game at two. An intentional walk to load the bases preceded an unintentional walk to score the winning run as the Cubs lost 5–4.

- June 25 – Kyle Hendricks pitched well again, allowing only two runs in seven innings. However, the Cub offense only scored one run while Colten Brewer allowed three runs in the eighth as the Cubs lost to the Giants 5–1.

- June 26 – In game three against the Giants, Hayden Wesneski got the start and allowed three runs in four innings. Drew Smyly allowed one run in 1.1 innings of relief, as the Cubs only scored three, losing 4–3, their fourth loss in a row.

- June 27 – Shōta Imanaga allowed three runs in six innings and left the game tied at three. In the 10th, Ian Happ hit a two-run homer as the Cubs beat the Giants 5–3.

- June 28 – Facing the division-leading Brewers in Milwaukee, Jameson Taillon allowed a grand slam in fourth as the Cubs lost 4–2.

- June 29 – In game two against the Brewers, the Cubs took a 2–0 lead on a Michael Busch homer in the first. Justin Steele allowed three runs in seven innings and left with the game tied at three. Ian Happ hit a two-run homer in the eighth to give the Cubs the 5–3 win.

- June 30 – Kyle Hendricks allowed seven runs, including the second grand slam of the series, as the Cubs were blown out by the Brewers 7–1.

#### July

- July 2 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs returned home to face the Phillies. Hayden Wesneski allowed five runs in five innings. Meanwhile, the Cubs were limited to only one run through eight innings. In the ninth, trailing 6–1, Seiya Suzuki hit a three-run home run to narrow the lead. It was not enough, as the Cubs lost 6–4.

- July 3 – Shōta Imanaga allowed three runs in six innings. The Cubs tied the game at three in the seventh on a Cody Bellinger RBI single. However, Tyson Miller surrendered a homer in the eighth as the Cubs lost to the Phillies 5–3.

- July 4 – In the finale against the Phillies, Ian Happ hit two three-run homers, one from each side of the plate, driving in a career-high six runs as the Cubs beat the Phillies easily, 10–2. David Bote also homered for the Cubs in the win.

- July 5 – Justin Steele allowed two hits and one run while pitching his first career complete game against the Los Angeles Angels. Seiya Suzuki hit a two-run homer and Ian Happ drove in two runs as the Cubs won 5–1.

- July 6 – In game two against the Angels, Kyle Hendricks allowed two runs while the Cub bullpen allowed five more. The Cub offense was held without a run as they lost 7–0.

- July 7 – Hayden Wesneski allowed only one run in 6.1 innings as the Cubs shut out the Angels 5–0. Michael Busch homered and drove in three runs in the win.

- July 9 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs traveled to face the first-place Orioles in Baltimore. Michael Busch homered in the first to give the Cubs the early lead. The Cubs pushed the lead to 4–1 in the third before Ian Happ hit a three-run homer in the fourth to give the Cubs a 7–2 lead. The Cubs added two more to beat the Orioles 9–2. The win was the Cubs second in a row and fourth in the prior five games.

- July 10 – In game two of the series against the Orioles, Shōta Imanaga pitched six scoreless innings. Christopher Morel homered and the Cub bullpen finished the shutout of the Orioles as the Cubs won 4–2.

- July 11 – Justin Steele pitched seven shutout innings while Seiya Suzuki drove in three runs on two doubles and a triple. Dansby Swanson homered and drove in two runs while Michael Bush also drove in two runs. The Cubs won easily 8–0 to sweep the Orioles, marking the fourth win in a row for the Cubs.

- July 12 – The Cubs traveled to St. Louis to face the Cardinals in the final series before the All-Star break. Kyle Hendricks pitched seven scoreless innings while David Bote and Nico Hoerner drove in two runs each as the Cubs won 5–1.

- July 13 – In game one of a doubleheader against the Cardinals, Hayden Wesneski allow nine runs in the first inning and 11 runs total in four innings as the Cubs were blown out 11–3. The loss snapped the Cubs five-game winning streak. In game two of the doubleheader, Javier Assad returned from the injured list and allowed three runs in 2.1 innings of work. Three Cub relievers shut out the Cardinals until the eighth when Porter Hodge allowed two runs as the Cubs lost 5–4. Miguel Amaya homered and drove in two in the loss.

- July 14 – In the final game of the All-Star break, Pete Crow-Armstrong and Christopher Morel each hit two home runs while Ian Happ and Tomás Nido also homered as the Cubs won easily 8–3. Jameson Taillon allowed three runs in 5.2 innings as the Cubs finished the first half of the season winning eight of the prior 11. They finished the first half in last place in the Central division, 8.5 games behind division-leading Milwaukee.

- July 19 – After the All-Star break, Justin Steele gave up five runs in 4.2 innings of work against the Diamondbacks at Wrigley. The Cubs could only manage two runs as they lost 5–2.

- July 20 – In game two against the Diamondbacks, Kyle Hendricks allowed three runs in five innings as the Cubs were shut out 3–0. The loss dropped the cubs eight games under.500 on the season.

- July 21 – Shōta Imanaga allowed only one run on two hits in seven innings, but left the game with the Cubs trailing the Diamondbacks 1–0. Seiya Suzuki tied the game with a single in the ninth and Nico Hoerner drew a bases loaded walk in the 10th to give the Cubs the 2–1 win.

- July 22 – The Cubs next faced the division-leading Brewers at Wrigley Field. Javier Assad and three relievers combined to hold the Brewers scoreless until Porter Hodge allowed a homer in the eighth. Ian Happ homered and Michael Busch drove in a run while Hector Neris pitched a scoreless ninth as the Cubs defeated the Brewers 3–1.

- July 23 – After the start of the game was delayed for almost 90 minutes by rain, Jameson Taillon pitched seven scoreless innings and the game remained tied heading in to the eighth. After allowing singles to the first two batters in the eighth, Taillon was lifted and Julian Merryweather allowed a run-scoring single to give the Brewers a 1–0 lead. The Cubs loaded the bases in the eighth, but could not push across a run in eighth or ninth as the Cubs lost 1–0.

- July 24 – In the finale of the series against the Brewers, Justin Steele allowed two runs in 5.1 innings of work. An Ian Happ single and Seiya Suzuki solo home run left the game tied at two. In the ninth, Hector Neris allowed an RBI double by William Contreras as the Cubs lost 3–2.

- July 26 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs traveled to Kansas City to face the Royals. Kyle Hendricks allowed six runs in five innings as the Cubs were shut out 6–0.

- July 27 – In game two of the series against the Royals, Shōta Imanaga allowed three runs in 5.2 innings of work, but Julian Merryweather allowed a two-run scoring single to surrender the lead. Trailing 4–3 in the seventh, Patrick Wisdom hit a pinch-hit grand slam to give the Cubs the 7–4 lead. the Cubs added two more runs in the ninth to secure a 9–4 win.

- July 28 – Javier Assad pitched six innings while allowing only three runs against the Royals. Patrick Wisdom homered again while Nico Hoerner drove in two runs as the Cubs won 7–3. During the game, Christopher Morel was pulled from the lineup after being traded to the Tampa Bay Rays.

- July 29 – The Cubs travelled to Cincinnati to face the Reds. Jameson Tailon gave up six runs in 4.1 innings as the Cubs were blown out 7–1.

- July 30 – Justin Steele gave up five runs in five innings. Cody Bellinger, returning from a broken finger, homered and drove in two, but it was not enough as the Cubs lost to the Reds 6–3.

- July 31 – In the finale of the series against the Reds, the Cubs scored 13 runs on 17 hits, nine of which were doubles, as the blew out the Reds 13–4. Ian Happ homered and drove in two while Seiya Suzuki drove in three. Three other Cubs also drove in two runs in the easy win. Kyle Hendricks allowed only three runs in five innings while the Cub bullpen held the Reds scoreless in the win.

#### August

- August 1 – The Cubs returned home for a four-game series against the Cardinals. In game one, Shōta Imanaga allowed four runs in 6.2 innings of work. The Cubs, trailing 4–2 entering the ninth, rallied for the win as Cody Bellinger homered and Dansby Swanson and Mike Tauchmann hit back-to-back doubles.

- August 2 – In game two against the Cardinals, the Cubs scored five runs in the second and held on for a 6–3 win over the Cardinals. Michael Busch and Christian Bethancourt homered in the win.

- August 3 – Jameson Taillon allowed only one run in six innings and the Cubs led 4–1 going into the eighth as Michael Busch homered again and drove in two. However in the eighth, the Cub bullpen allowed three runs to tie and Hector Neris allowed the go-ahead run in the ninth as the Cubs lost to the Cardinals 5–4.

- August 4 – In the finale of the series against the Cardinals, Justin Steele allowed two runs in 6.2 innings of work. Mike Tauchmann and Miguel Amaya homered for the Cubs as they won 6–2.

- August 5 – The Minnesota Twins next traveled to Wrigley for a three-game series. Kyle Hendricks allowed only two runs in six innings, but the Cubs were shutout 3–0.

- August 6 – In game two against the Twins, Shōta Imanaga allowed two runs on two hits in seven innings. Isaac Paredes hit his first homer with the Cubs, a three-run homer in the first, and drove in another run as the Cubs won 7–3.

- August 7 – Javier Assad allowed two runs in four innings while four relievers shut out the Twins for the remainder of the game. Micheal Busch and Ian Happ homered for the Cubs and four other Cubs drove in a run as the Cubs won easily 8–2.

- August 9 – After an off day, the Cubs faced the White Sox at Guaranteed Rate Field. The White Sox, losers of 22 of their previous 23 games, fell behind quickly as Ian Happ and Cody Bellinger homered in the first. Isaac Parades and Nico Hoerner each homered in the third while Miguel Amaya drove in a run with a groundout to give the Cubs a 7–0 lead. However, the Cubs allowed the Sox to come within one as James Taillon gave up five runs in five innings and Drew Smyly allowed a run in the seventh. Hector Neris pitched the ninth for the save as the Cubs held on to win 7–6.

- August 10 – In the finale of the two-game series against the White Sox, Justin Steele allowed only one unearned run in six innings. Isaac Parades doubled in a run and Miguel Amaya hit a two-run scoring single in the eighth to give the Cubs the 3–1 win. The Cubs, winners of eight of their last 10, moved to one game below.500 with the win at 59–60, only three games out of the final wild card spot.

- August 12 – After another off day, the Cubs traveled to Cleveland to face the Guardians. The Cubs took an early lead on home runs by Ian Happ and Pete Crow-Armstrong. However, Shōta Imanaga allowed seven runs in five innings as the Guardians took an 8–3 lead. The Cubs ralled in the seventh, scoring four runs on a single by Nico Hoerner and a double by Dansby Swanson. A sacrifice fly by Seiya Suzuki in the eighth tied the game at eight. Julian Merryweather surrendered the lead in the bottom of the eighth as the Cubs lost 9–8.

- August 13 – In game two against the Guardians, Javier Assad allowed only one run in 4.2 innings. Dansby Swanson drove in the lone Cub run in the second while Drew Smyly gave up a solo homer in the sixth as the Cubs lost 2–1.

- August 14 – In the finale of the series against the Guardians, Jameson Taillon gave up four runs in six innings. The Cubs managed to score only one run, on a sacrifice fly by Cody Bellinger, and lost 6–1.

- August 16 – After another scheduled off day, the Cubs returned to Wrigley to face the Toronto Blue Jays. Kyle Hendricks allowed only two runs in five innings. Cody Bellinger, Pete Crow-Armstrong, Miguel Amaya, and Ian Happ homered for the Cubs as they took a 5–2 lead into the ninth. However, Hector Neris allowed three runs, including balking in a run, in the ninth to tie the game at five. Going into the bottom of the 10th tied at five, Seiya Suzuki singled to drive in the winning run as the Cubs won 6–5.

- August 17 – In game two against the Blue Jays, Ian Happ homered in the first while Michael Busch hit a two-run triple in the fifth to give the Cubs a 3–0 lead. Due to a couple of rain delays, starter Justin Steele only pitched two innings for the Cubs. However, six Cub relievers pitched seven innings and allowed only two runs as the Cubs won 3–2.

- August 18 – In the finale of the series, Shōta Imanaga allowed a solo home run in five innings of work. The Cub bullpen combined to shut out the Blue Jays for the remainder of the game, but the Cub offense could not push across a run. As a result, the Cubs lost 1–0.

- August 20 – After another off day, the Cubs returned to Wrigley to face the Detroit Tigers. The game marked the first tim former Cub Javier Báez returned to Chicago since being traded in 2021. Báez went 0–4 with four strikeouts in the game including the last out of the game. Javier Assad pitched 5.2 innings while allowing only one run. Dansby Swanson homered and Cody Bellinger drove in two runs as the Cubs won 3–1.

- August 21 – In game two against the Tigers, Jameson Taillon allowed four runs in five innings. Christian Bethancourt hit a two-run homer for the Cubs to narrow the lead to two, but the Tigers added four in the ninth to win easily 8–2.

- August 22 – In the finale of the series against the Tigers, Justin Steele allowed two runs in seven innings. Miguel Amaya hit his first career grand slam and drove in five runs as the Cubs blew out the Tigers 10–2.

- August 23 – The Cubs next travelled to Miami to face the Marlins. Ian Happ and Miguel Amaya each hit two-run homers for the Cubs while Pete Crow-Armstrong hit an inside-the-park home run as the Cubs beat the Marlins 6–3.

- August 24 – Shōta Imanaga pitched seven innings while allowing only two runs against the Marlins. Seiya Suzuki homered twice while Patrick Wisdom and Pete Crow-Armstrong also homered. Suzuki drove in four while Crow-Armstrong drove in three as the Cubs won easily 14–2. The win moved the Cubs back to.500 for the first time since June 5.

- August 25 – Javier Assad pitched seven innings while allowing only three runs. However, the Cub offense only managed two runs and Julian Merryweather allowed four runs in the bottom of the eighth as the Cubs lost to the Marlins 7–2.

- August 26 – The Cubs next faced the Pirates in Pittsburgh. The Cubs stole eight bases in the game, the most for the team in a game since 1913. They also scored the most runs on the season, scoring 18 runs on 21 hits in an 18–8 blowout. Dansby Swanson hit a grand slam and Miguel Amaya had four hits and drove in four runs in the easy win. The win again moved the Cubs to.500 on the season.

- August 27 – Dansby Swanson homered again and drove in three runs. Seiya Suzuki also homered as he and Miguel Amaya drove in two runs each. Justin Steele allowed two runs in six innings as the Cubs beat the Pirates 9–5. The win moved the Cubs over.500 on the season for the first time since May 28.

- August 28 — In the finale of the series against the Pirates, Kyle Hendricks and two relievers gave up 10 runs in five innings. Trailing 10–3, the Cubs added two runs in the seventh and three in the eighth to narrow the score to 10–8. In the top of the ninth, the Cubs scored five more runs to win the game 14–10. Christian Bethancourt homered and drove in seven runs for the Cubs. Ian Happ drove in two runs as well as the Cubs came from behind for the series sweep.

- August 30 – After an off day, the Cubs traveled to Washington, D.C. to face the Nationals. The Cubs scored seven runs in the second inning as Cody Bellinger homered and drove in two runs. Pete Crow-Armstrong also drove in two runs. Shōta Imanaga allowed three runs in six innings. The Nationals scored three runs in the bottom of the ninth to close to within one at 7–6, but Keeegan Thompson got the final out to secure the 7–6 win. The win moved the Cubs three games over.500 on the season.

- August 31 – Javier Assad allowed three runs in six innings against the Nationals. The Cubs scored two runs on errors by that Nationals and held on for a 5–3 win.

#### September

- September 1 – The Cubs offense continued to score runs as they took a 7–1 lead into the ninth. In the ninth, the Cubs added seven more runs for a 14–1 win over the Nationals. Jordan Wicks allowed only one run in four innings as the Cubs swept the Nationals, winning their sixth straight game. Isaac Parades drove in three runs as the Cubs moved to five games over.500 and within three games of the final wild card spot.

- September 2 – Returning home to face the Pirates and looking to narrow their wild car deficit, the Cubs took a 3–0 lead into the eighth before Jorge Lopez allowed a three-run and solo home run to put the Cubs down 4–3. The Pirates added a run in the ninth to hold to beat the Cubs 5–3.

- September 3 – In game two against the Pirates, the Cubs offense was shut out 5–0. Kyle Hendricks allowed two runs in five innings while Tyson Miller allowed three runs in the seventh in the loss.

- September 4 – Shōta Imanaga and two Cub relievers combined to no-hit the Pirates as the Cubs won easily 12–0, Dansby Swanson homered and drove in three runs while Cody Bellinger also homered in the win. The win move the Cubs back to four games over.500 and left them 4.5 games out of the last wild card spot.

- September 6 – After a scheduled off day, the Cubs welcomed the New York Yankees to Wrigley. Anthony Rizzo, a member of the 2016 World Series team, returned to Wrigley for the first time since being traded in 2021. The Cubs were held to one hit as they were shut out 3–0.

- September 7 – In game two against the Yankees, the Cubs were again shut out again, losing 2–0. The loss was the Cubs fourth loss in five games.

- September 8 – In the finale against the Yankees, Isaac Parades drove in two runs in the first inning as the Cubs held on for a 2–1 win to avoid the sweep. Jameson Taillon allowed one run in six innings of work.

- September 9 – The Cubs next traveled to Los Angeles to face the Dodgers. Cody Bellinger and Michael Busch each homered and drove in three runs against their old team as the Cubs won easily 10–4. Miguel Amaya drove in two runs in the win.

- September 10 – In game two against the Dodgers, Shōta Imanaga allowed three runs in seven innings. Trailing 3–1 in the top of the eighth, the Cubs scored five runs with the help of three Dodger errors in the inning to take a 6–3 lead. In the ninth, Pete Crow-Armstrong robbed a home run for the final out as the Cubs won their third straight. Crow-Armstrong also drove in two runs in the win. The win moved the Cubs to 75–70 on the season.

- September 11 – In the finale against the Dodgers, the Cubs took 2–0 lead in the top of the first before Jordan Wicks allowed four home runs in the bottom of the first as the Cubs fell behind 5–2. Wicks left after three innings, having surrendered seven runs. The Cubs rallied as Seiya Suzuki and Cody Bellinger homered to draw to 7–6. A Pete Crow-Armstrong single tied the game at seven in the fifth. However, the Cub bullpen surrendered the lead in the seventh as the Cubs lost 10–8.

### Transactions

#### March

Source

#### April

Source

#### May

Source

#### June

Source

#### July

Source

#### August

Source

#### September

Source

## Roster

## Statistics

### Batting

(through September 8) Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; OBP = On-base percentage; SLG = Slugging percentage; TB = Total bases

Source

### Pitching

(through September 8) Note: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts

Source

## Farm system

On February 5, the Cubs announced the minor league managers for their farm system.


Shimla district

# Shimla district

## Abstract

Shimla district is one of the twelve districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of Shimla. Neighbouring districts are Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from 987 metres (3,238 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,764 ft).

As of 2011, it is the third most populated district of Himachal Pradesh (out of 12), after Kangra and Mandi. It is the most urbanized district of Himachal Pradesh.

## Access

### By road

Shimla is connected by road to all the major towns. Distance between the major towns and Shimla:

- Kalka - 80 km

- Patiala - 172 km

- Chandigarh - 119 km

- Ambala - 166 km

- Delhi - 380 km

- Agra - 568 km

- Amritsar - 342 km

- Jammu (via Pathankot) - 482 km

- Srinagar - 787 km

- Jaipur - 629 km

- Dharmsala (via Mandi) - 290 km

- Dharamsala (via Hamirpur) - 235 km

- Dalhousie - 345 km

- Chamba - 401 km

- Kullu - 235 km

- Manali - 280 km

- Mandi - 153 km

- Palampur - 270 km

- Dehradoon - 275 km

- Rampur - 132 km

- Kumarsain - 80 km

- Narkanda - 60 km

- Rohru - 129 km

- Theog - 28 km

- Chaupal - 100 km

## Climate

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the district had a population of 814,010. This gives it a ranking of 483rd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 159 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.67%. Shimla has a sex ratio of 915 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.64%. 24.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 26.51% and 1.08% of the population respectively.

### Religion

### Language

Languages of Shimla district (2011)

At the time of the 2011 census of India, 67.61% of the population recorded their language as Pahadi, 20.31% Hindi, 4.63% Nepali, 1.39% Punjabi and 1.05% Kangri as their first language.

## Notable people

- Priety Zinta, a bollywood actress


2020 Women's FA Community Shield

# 2020 Women's FA Community Shield

## Abstract

The 2020 Women's FA Community Shield was the ninth Women's FA Community Shield, and the first after the competition's revival following an eleven-season abeyance. As with its male equivalent, the Community Shield is an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's league and the previous season's Women's FA Cup. However, as the 2019–20 Women's FA Cup was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the 2020 Community Shield was contested by the 2019–20 FA WSL champions Chelsea and the still-reigning 2018–19 FA Cup winners, Manchester City. Both teams were contesting their first ever Women's Community Shield.

The match was played as part of a double-header, with both the women's and men's Community Shields contested on the same day, played back-to-back at Wembley Stadium and was televised live on BBC One and BBC iPlayer.

## Match

### Details


Dougla people

# Dougla people

## Abstract

Dougla people (plural Douglas) are Caribbean people who are of mixed African and South Asian descent. The word Dougla (also Dugla or Dogla) is used throughout the Dutch and English-speaking Caribbean. Afro-Indo people may also be another term used to describe them.

## Definition

The word Dougla originated from dogala (दोगला), which is a Caribbean Hindustani word that literally means "two-necks" and may mean "many", "much" or "a mix". Its etymological roots are cognate with the Hindi "do" meaning "two" and "gala", which means "throat". Within the West Indies context, the word is used only for one type of mixed race people: Afro-Indians.

The 2012 Guyana census identified 29.25% of the population as Afro-Guyanese, 39.83% as Indo-Guyanese, and 19.88% as "mixed," recognized as mostly representing the offspring of the former two groups.

In the French West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique), the few Afro-Indian people used to be referred to as Batazendyen or Chapé-Kouli, while in Haiti they were called Marabou.

## History

There are sporadic records of Indo-Euro interracial relationships, both consensual and nonconsensual, before any ethnic mixing of the African and Indian variety.

Other Indo-based types of mixed heritage (Indo-Chinese (Chindians), Indo-Latino/Hispanic (Tegli), Indo-English (Anglo-Indians), Indo-Portuguese (Luso-Indians), Indo-Irish (Irish Indians), Indo-Scottish (Scottish-Indians), Indo- Dutch, Indo- Arabs and Indo- Amerindian) tended to identify as one of the older, unmixed ethnic strains on the island: Afro, Indo, Amerindian or Euro or passing as one of them.

## In Trinidad culture

In 1961, the calypsonian musician Mighty Dougla (born Cletus Ali) described the predicament of Douglas:

If they sending Indians to India, And Africans back to Africa, Well, somebody please just tell me, Where they sending poor me, I am neither one nor the other, Six of one, half dozen of the other, So if they sending all these people back home for true, They got to split me in two

## Notable Douglas

- Cletus Ali, Trinidadian musician, better known as Mighty Dougla

- Tatyana Ali, Indo-Trinidadian / Afro-Panamanian American actress

- Esther Anderson, actress (United Kingdom; born in Jamaica)

- Johnson Beharry, Grenadian British soldier in the British Army

- Melissa Bell, Jamaican-British singer and mother of Alexandra Burke

- Katharine Birbalsingh, teacher and education reformer

- Foxy Brown, rapper (United States; Trinidadian and Tobagonian background)

- Alexandra Burke, British-Jamaican singer and daughter of Melissa Bell

- Super Cat, Jamaican deejay

- Joseph Charles (born Serjad Makmadeen), founder of the Solo Beverage Company

- Sabrina Colie, actress (United States; born in Jamaica)

- Mervyn Dymally, Trinidadian-American politician

- Special Ed, rapper (United States; Jamaican background)

- Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer

- Marlene Malahoo Forte, politician (Jamaica)

- Amy Ashwood Garvey, activist (Jamaica)

- Masaba Gupta, actress and fashion designer (Antiguan and Indian)

- Lisa Hanna, Miss World 1993, MP for Saint Ann South Eastern

- Kamala Harris, Vice-President of the United States (Jamaican and Indian)

- Maya Harris, lawyer and writer (Jamaican and Indian)

- Lester Holt, U.S. news anchor and journalist

- Kenny J, calypsonian

- Diana King, singer (United States; born in Jamaica)

- Jeffery Kissoon, actor

- Vashtie Kola, music-video director

- Sonnet L'Abbé, Guyanese Canadian poet

- Rajendra Ramoon Maharaj, playwright

- Sir Trevor McDonald, Trinidadian British news anchor and journalist

- Nicki Minaj, singer, rapper (United States; born in Trinidad and Tobago)

- Nick Sagar, British actor and model

- Sean Sagar, British actor and model

- Nicole Narain, model and actress

- Rajee Narinesingh, LGBT activist (United States; Trinidadian and Tobagonian background)

- Furdjel Narsingh, footballer (Netherlands; Surinamese background)

- Luciano Narsingh, footballer (Netherlands; Surinamese background)

- Roxanne Persaud, politician (United States; born in Guyana)

- Thara Prashad, American singer and model

- Mary Rambaran-Olm, literary scholar specializing in early medieval England from the fifth to eleventh centuries

- Gema Ramkeesoon, social worker and women's-rights activist (Trinidad and Tobago)

- Andre Rampersad, Trinidadian footballer

- Kenneth Salick, chutney soca singer

- Krishmar Santokie, cricketer

- Edward Seaga, banker, businessman, politician and former

- Abrahim Simmonds, youth advocate (Jamaica)

- Toni-Ann Singh, Miss World 2019 (Jamaica)

- XXXTentacion, rapper

- Justine Skye, entertainer (Jamaica)

- Joyce Vincent, British woman whose death went unnoticed for over two years (Grenadian of black and Indian ancestry)


Kensington Market

# Kensington Market

## Abstract

Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Market is an older neighbourhood and one of the city's best-known. In November 2006, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. Robert Fulford wrote in 1999 that "Kensington today is as much a legend as a district. The (partly) outdoor market has probably been photographed more often than any other site in Toronto."

Its approximate borders are College St. on the north, Spadina Ave. on the east, Dundas St. W. to the south, and Bathurst St. to the west. Most of the neighbourhood's eclectic shops, cafes, and other attractions are located along Augusta Ave. and neighbouring Nassau St., Baldwin St., and Kensington Ave. In addition to the Market, the neighbourhood features many Victorian homes, the Kensington Community School, Bellevue Square and Toronto Western Hospital.

## History

### Early history

George Taylor Denison, after serving in the Canadian Militia during the War of 1812, purchased an area of land in 1815 from Queen Street West to Bloor Street, roughly between where Augusta and Lippincott Streets now run. Denison used the area now known as Bellevue Square Park as a parade ground for his volunteer cavalry troop, which he commanded during the Upper Canada Rebellion. This troop later became the Governor General's Horse Guards.

In 1837 a brewery opened in the area of St Andrew Street and Kensington Avenue (marked in 1858 map of the area) and after several ownership changes ceased operations in 1894.

The Denison estate was subdivided in the 1850s. During the 1880s, houses were built on small plots for Irish and Scottish immigrant labourers coming to Toronto; much of the housing is in the style of Victorian architecture row houses, which are moderate in size and exemplify true Victorian architecture. Many of these houses still stand along Wales Avenue and elsewhere, and these homes have been inhabited by many waves of immigrants in the decades that followed. Housing found closer to the market area tends to feature retail at the front of the house.

During the early twentieth century, Kensington became populated by eastern European Jewish immigrants and some Italians, who moved there from " The Ward ", an overcrowded immigrant-reception area between Yonge Street and University Avenue. The Ward was a cluster of densely packed houses and was one of the poorer areas of the city. The Ward's residents moved west of Spadina Ave to enjoy less population density, better housing conditions, and opportunities to create storefront businesses.

The area became known as "the Jewish Market". Jewish merchants operated small shops as tailors, furriers and bakers. Around 60,000 Jews lived in and around Kensington Market during the 1920s and 1930s, worshipping at over 30 local synagogues. From the beginning, the market sold items imported from the homelands of many immigrant communities.

### Post-war developments

After the Second World War, most of the Jewish population moved north to neighbourhoods uptown or in the suburbs. During the 1950s, a large number of immigrants from the Azores, fleeing political conflict with the regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, moved into the area and further west along Dundas Street. The arrival of new waves of immigrants from the Caribbean and East Asia changed the community, making it even more diverse as the century wore on. The Vietnam War brought a number of American political refugees to the neighbourhood, and particularly to nearby Baldwin Village, adding a unique utopian flavour to local politics. As Chinatown is located just east of Kensington, the Chinese are now the largest ethnic group. During the 1980s and 1990s, identifiable groups of immigrants came from Central America, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Iran, Vietnam, Chile and other global trouble spots.

In the 1960s there were plans to tear down the densely packed small houses and replace them with large, apartment-style housing projects, as was done to neighbouring Alexandra Park. These plans came to an end with the election of David Crombie as Mayor of Toronto. Crombie was strongly opposed to the massive urban restructuring plans that had been in vogue in previous decades.

### Recent development

The market resisted the recession of the 1980s partially thanks to a floating population of students attending George Brown College, which was where the Kensington Lofts are today. George Brown College sold the property in the mid-1990s and without the extra student traffic, many stores were victims of the recession of the mid to late 90s. In addition, many Portuguese store owners were by that time too old to continue working their small shops, which led to abundant vacancy and invited a new wave of immigrant entrepreneurs. Businesses like La Perola, El Emporio Latino and El Buen Precio took advantage of the growing wave of Latin American immigrants and opened the door to offering ethnic street foods. Jumbo Empanadas was one of the first to spice up the flavours of the market from a cart; later moved into a basement close to Nassau, and then to its current location. All other Latin shops started selling their Pupusas, and by 2000, a young couple of entrepreneurs opened the first taqueria in Canada, calling it "El Trompo".

All this movement lead to a rebirth of Augusta Avenue. However, there were seedy spots whose patrons scared away the fiercest yuppies. A Nike store tried to open up in the market and the community rejected it very strongly by dumping dozens of running shoes splattered with red paint in protest for the treatment Nike's workers receive around the world. Eventually, such businesses (both too seedy and too mainstream) transformed or moved out. The Nike store was a tremendous corporate failure.

Today the neighbourhood is a noted tourist attraction, and a centre of Toronto's cultural life as artists and writers moved into the area. Land prices in the area have increased sharply, but despite its increased appeal to professionals, Kensington remains a predominantly working-class, immigrant community. In 2021, after a year of neighbourhood organizing to resist the eviction and displacement of residents of a 3-storey building, a local Community Land Trust was able to purchase the building and preserve the affordable rents provided. The Kensington Market Community Land Trust continues to own and operate the building as of 2024.

Kensington is protected by a variety of policies, mainly to enhance the atmosphere that is unique to the neighbourhood. In November 2006, Kensington Market was proclaimed a National Historic Site of Canada. Toronto 's "Official Plan", which is the vision for the city until 2026, does not designate much change for the neighbourhood as seen in its land use map for the neighbourhood. With no major change, one can assume that Kensington is very much a stable neighbourhood.

In addition to the Official Plan, Kensington is subject to "Site and Area Specific Policy." The policies which relate to proposed developments state, "Any public or private developments and work should be consistent with the special characteristics of the area." The new developments must adhere to these guidelines which include:

- low-scale buildings with retail at grade (street level);

- minimal setbacks;

- open-air display of goods on the boulevard.

Through city policy, the Kensington uniqueness will be upheld for all to enjoy.

## Characteristics

### Cars and pedestrians

Narrow streets make the market challenging for those driving and especially parking in the neighbourhood. On Saturdays and some late afternoons, pedestrians walk freely down the middle of the street or between slow-moving cars. In the 2006 Canadian Census, 34.59% of Kensington residents walked to work, compared to 7.10% of City of Toronto residents. When considering the car, 15.70% of Kensington residents used a vehicle to get to work, whereas 49.39% City of Toronto residents drove a vehicle to commute to work.

Since 2004, residents and businesses have organized a series of Pedestrian Sunday events. Parts of Augusta St., Baldwin St. and Kensington Ave. are closed to motorized traffic and the streets become a pedestrian mall. Live music, dancing, street theatre and games are among the special events on the closed streets. Typically taking place on the last Sunday of every month, this type of event has been organized on half a dozen weekends a year since 2005.

### Commercial gentrification

A small supermarket, Zimmerman's Freshmart, opened in the Market in February 2005, leading to some controversy. Danny Zimmerman, the cousin of Freshmart's owner and the owner of a rival store across the street, expressed concern it would compete with smaller businesses, or would otherwise lead to a more "corporate" market. Zimmerman's Freshmart closed in 2016. The arrival of COBS Bread in 2006 continues this potential trend, though COBS shuttered in 2014 and was replaced by the independent Black Bird Bakery.

### Landmarks

Some notable landmarks include the Number 8 Fire Station, Tom's Place, Bellevue Square Park with a statue of actor Al Waxman, and St. Stephen's Community House. Percy Faith, the 1950s composer and band leader, lived as a child at 171 Baldwin Street. His uncle, Louis Roterbergh, a master violinist, taught him the violin, and was reputed to play at the house at Baldwin as crowds gathered below to listen. Bellevue Square contains a plaque given to Kensington Market in 2006 officially recognizing it as a national historic site.

A non-permanent landmark of Kensington Market is the Garden Car, which has been a staple of the neighbourhood since 2007. Originally built in 2006 by local advocacy group Streets are for People, the car is a public art piece that doubles as a community garden. There have been 3 cars since the inception of the first Garden Car.

### Shops

The area is filled with a mix of food stores selling an immense variety of meats, fish and produce. There are also several bakeries, spice and dry goods stores, and cheese shops. Stores sell a wide variety of new and used clothing, and there are discount and surplus stores. It is also home to many restaurants covering a wide variety of styles and ethnicities. A unique architectural feature of the neighbourhood are the extensions built onto the front of many buildings (which would be against by-laws in other places). In recent years, the neighbourhood has seen a small explosion of upscale cafés, restaurants and clubs, replacing many of the older ethnic businesses. There has been much speculation that Kensington's long history as an immigrant working-class neighbourhood is near its end.

#### Counterculture

Businesses such as Manifestudio, a photo gallery and eco-politics community space run by GlobalAware Independent Media, help create an environment friendly to radical politics. Trotskyists are sometimes seen handing out pamphlets at the corner of Baldwin and Kensington. Over the past two decades, several alternative bookstores have flourished in Kensington Market, including Who's Emma, the Anarchist Free Space, and Uprising Books.

One of Canada's most famous independent bookstores, This Ain't the Rosedale Library, also moved to Kensington from Church and Wellesley in 2008. It later closed in June 2010, failing to pay rent.

Performance spaces like Bread & Circus (2009–2011), Double Double Land (2009–2018) and Videofag (2012–2016) have helped cultivate Kensington Market's vibrant independent arts scene.

## Culture

### Festivals

The annual "Kensington Market Festival of Lights", which is now known as the Kensington Market Winter Solstice Festival, is celebrated as a parade on the streets of Kensington Market during the Winter Solstice in December. This carnival parade of giant puppets, firebreathers, stiltwalkers and samba musicians was created and founded by Ida Carnevali in 1987 as a way of beckoning the return of the sun on the longest night of the year. Artists and groups such as the Samba Squad, Shadowland Theatre, Clay & Paper Theatre, Richard Underhill, the Befana Choir and the Kensington Horns participate in this event. For many years, the parade ended in a post-sunset concert and spectacle in Bellevue Square; since 2009, the parade has ended at Alexandra Park to handle the larger crowd.

The Pedestrian Sundays festival is a car-free festival where the streets close to cars in several Sundays in the summer. The festival ran for five years, attracting many people to party on the streets of Kensington Market, including bands, street foods, etc.

Bellevue Square Park hosts many concerts and festivals throughout late spring and summer. In addition, the Chiaroscuro Reading Series is held the second Tuesday of each month at Augusta House. Prominent science fiction, fantasy, and horror authors offer readings of their works.

### Kensington in popular culture

Former Toronto mayor Mel Lastman and actor Al Waxman (who starred in the CBC Television series King of Kensington) were both born and raised in the Kensington Market neighbourhood. After Waxman's death in 2001, he was honoured with a statue in the north-west corner of Bellevue Square Park. In addition to King of Kensington, Kensington Market has been the setting for the television series Twitch City, which was filmed above the record store Paradise Bound, and Katts and Dog as well as the street riot scenes of the 1984 comedy Police Academy. Kensington Market was the primary setting for Cory Doctorow 's novel Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town.

Canadian singer-songwriter Murray McLauchlan mentions Kensington Market in his 1975 song "Down By The Henry Moore."

Kids' CBC, the daily children's programming block on CBC Television, includes some interstitial segments featuring Mamma Yamma, who owns a vegetable stand in Kensington Market. Played by puppeteer Ali Eisner, Mamma Yamma teaches children about food-related subjects such as nutrition, table manners and basic mathematics, and also often incorporates celebrity and musical guests.

## Demographics

Census tract 0038.00 of the 2006 Canadian census covers Kensington Market. In the time between these censuses, the population of Kensington Market grew by 1.08% from being 3,740 in 2006 to rising to 4,029 in 2011 (Census 2006, Census 2011). The 2006 Canadian census revealed that the average family income in Kensington was $61,339, compared to the City of Toronto which has an average family income of $96,602.00. The 2006 Canadian census also revealed that the average income for individuals was $23, 335, whereas in 2011 with a GNR% of 29.4%, the average individual income was $26, 403. This is relatively low in comparison to the average individual income calculated for Ontario, being $38,099 in 2006, and in 2011 with a GNR% of 27.1% the Ontarian average income was $42,264 (Census 2006, Census 2011). In addition, 71.6% of the population of this census tract earned under $50,000 (Census 2006) in 2006. This is comparable to the 78.2% of the population that earned under $50,000 (Census 2011) in the following census year i.e. 2011. It is noteworthy that a shocking 22.8% of the census tract population earned under $10,000 in 2006 (Census 2006) which increased to 27.4% in 2011 (Census 2011).

Additionally, the prevalence of low income before tax is substantially higher in Kensington at 39.5% compared to the City of Toronto at 20.6% (Census 2006, Census 2011). The 10 most common languages spoken at home, after English are:

- Cantonese - 14.3%

- Unspecified Chinese - 13.4%

- Mandarin - 9.4%

- Portuguese - 4.8%

- Vietnamese - 2.7%

- Spanish - 1.5%

- Korean - 0.7%

- Urdu - 0.3%

- Polish - 0.3%

- Serbian - 0.3%

The median income for CT 5350038 Kensington Market in 2006 was $15464 and the median income for the 2011 NHS voluntary long-form census with a GNR percentage of 29.4 was $16997. This shows an increase in the median income from 2006 to 2011. There is a $1,533 increase or a +9.9% increase of change compared to the 2006 median income.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006; Statistics Canada 2011

2011 GNR % 29.4

Kensington has a lot of diversity, particularly a large Chinese ethnicity due to its close proximity to Chinatown. 47.5% of Kensington's population is Chinese, compared to 10% in Toronto overall. 7% of Kensington Market's population is from other parts of Asia, 3% Latin, 0.5% Arab, 3% Black, and 39% of the population is Caucasian. The diversity of Kensington Market's population is seen in the generation status of its population in Census Tract 535.0038.00. In 2011 the National Household Survey found, 58% of Kensington Market's population were first-generation Canadians, 17% were second-generation Canadians and 25% were third-generation Canadians or more. Kensington Market in 2011 had 2240 first-generation Canadians, 655 second-generation Canadians and 985 third-generation Canadians or more.

The Global Non-Response Rate (GNR) for the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) for census tract 5350038.00, Kensington Market, was 29.4% (Census 2011).

According to Stats Canada, the population of Kensington Market increased by approximately 300 people (or 7%) from 3,740 in 2006 to 4,029 in 2011. Breaking this number down into generation status, it has been found that first-generation residents increased by 75 and second-generation residents increased by 20. The remaining 200 or so residents of the area are placed in the third generation or more category. Thus, the number of third-generation or more residents increased significantly from 2006 to 2011. In terms of percentages, from 2006 to 2011, first-generation residents dropped about 7% from 64.92% to 57.73%. Second generation residents decreased slightly from 19.04% in 2006 to 16.88% in 2011 while the percentage of third-generation or more residents increased dramatically from 16.04% in 2006 to 25.39% in 2011, which represents approximately a 10% increase in residents from this generation status. (Census/NHS 2011, Census 2006)

### Canadian Citizenship

According to the 2006 Canadian Census (0038.00 census tract), approximately 76% of the residents at Kensington Market are Canadian citizens. Of that 76%, 9% are under the age of 18. This means that 24% of Kensington Market's population is non-Canadian citizens, a figure that speaks to Kensington Market's character as a hub for multiculturalism. Furthermore, in 2011 the National Household Survey reported very similar data. Although the population accounted by citizenship status increased from 2006 and 2011, the percentage of those with Canadian citizenship versus those without the citizenship remained the same. In 2006, 2800 residents reported that they were Canadian citizens whereas 870 residents reported they did not hold Canadian citizenship.

In 2011, 2950 residents reported they were Canadian citizens whereas 930 residents reported that they did not hold Canadian citizenship. Comparing this to the Canadian ratio between Canadian and non-Canadian citizenship data from the census for 2006 and 2011 the ratio changed by 0.4% resulting in an increase in non-Canadian citizens within the population that received the long-form survey and the National Household Survey (Census 2006; Census 2011 NHS). Although this per cent increase is small, when speaking on the national scale, this 0.4% increase in ratio involved 32,852,320 respondents for 2011 and 31,241,030 respondents for 2006 (Census 2006; Census 2011). Comparing that with the minimal increase which was 0.3% in ratio for Kensington where the population was not as substantial, this increase is not as substantial as well (Census 2006; Census 2011 NHS).

### Housing status

Census tract 0038.00 of the 2006 Canadian Census and 2011 Canadian census revealed information about the population's housing status in the Kensington Market neighbourhood. According to the former source, 59% of the population or 940 out of 1595 people were renting their homes. The latter source reported that the percentage increased to 64% (1135 out of 1765 people).

### Religion

Two synagogues remain in the Market from the early 20th-century period when the area was the centre of Toronto's Jewish community: Anshei Minsk on St. Andrews Street and the Kiever Synagogue on Bellevue Avenue.

In recent years Kensington Market has been associated with the Rastafari movement. There are several stores situated around the Market that sell Rastafarian cultural items, including a small flea-market. The winter solstice festival, formally known as the Kensington Market Festival of Lights, occurs annually and is an important gathering of Ontario's pagan community.


Draško Milekić

# Draško Milekić

## Abstract

Draško Milekić (Serbian Cyrillic: Драшко Милекић; born 15 October 1969) is a former Serbian football player.


Moorefield, West Virginia

# Moorefield, West Virginia

## Abstract

Moorefield is a town and the county seat of Hardy County, West Virginia, United States. It is located at the confluence of the South Branch Potomac River and the South Fork South Branch Potomac River. Moorefield was originally chartered in 1777; it was named for Conrad Moore, who owned the land upon which the town was laid out. The population was 2,527 at the 2020 census.

## History

Moorefield is situated in the South Branch Valley along the South Branch of the Potomac River. Native Americans populated this area for thousands of years. For centuries, they farmed along the river and hunted in the surrounding mountains. The historic Shawnee people, who spoke a Central Algonquian language in the same family as other tribes in their region, occupied this area when Anglo-European settlers began arriving in the early 18th century, attracted by the fertile land. This early settlement was centered on the community of Old Fields, referring to former Native American lands. This is located about five miles to the north of present-day Moorefield.

Conflict between the mostly British settlers and Native American peoples broke out during the French and Indian War. The British colonists constructed two fortifications to guard the South Branch Valley in the vicinity of Moorefield. Fort Buttermilk was erected in 1756 and garrisoned by Captain Thomas Waggoner's Virginia Regiment Company. A second fortress, Fort Pleasant, situated at Henry Van Meter's Farm at Old Fields, guarded the northern side of the valley. It was also garrisoned by Waggoner's Virginia Regiment Company. In the spring of 1756, soldiers from Forts Buttermilk and Pleasant clashed with Shawnee warriors under Bemino (also known as Killbuck) at the Battle of the Trough.

Colonist Conrad Moore owned the land on which Moorefield was laid out. In 1777, the Virginia General Assembly chartered the town of Moorefield in what was then Hampshire County, Virginia (today Hardy County, West Virginia). When Hardy County was separated from Hampshire County by act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1785, after the American Revolution, Moorefield was chosen as the county seat. Many of the historic houses in Moorefield date to the last quarter of the 18th century and first quarter of the 19th century; they display vernacular adaptations of Federal and Greek Revival architecture.

During the American Civil War, Moorefield was the site of a cavalry engagement between Union Brigadier General William W. Averell and Confederate Brigadier General John McCausland on August 7, 1864, in which Averell routed McCausland. This was part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. That summer, Averell was the only Union commander to achieve successes against Confederate forces.

## Transportation

The main highways serving Moorefield include U.S. Route 48, which traverses the region from west to east, and U.S. Route 220, which crosses from south to north through the area. West Virginia Route 55 and West Virginia Route 28 also serve Moorefield, but both mostly run concurrently with the aforementioned U.S. highways.

## Geography

Moorefield is located at 39°4′N 78°58′W / 39.067°N 78.967°W (39.063, -78.966).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.40 square miles (6.22 km), of which 2.35 square miles (6.09 km) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km) is water.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Moorefield has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Demographics

The median income for a household in the town was $24,178, and the median income for a family was $28,919. Males had a median income of $24,423 versus $17,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,704. About 19.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.2% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,544 people, 1,097 households, and 624 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,082.6 inhabitants per square mile (418.0/km). There were 1,216 housing units at an average density of 517.4 per square mile (199.8/km). The racial makeup of the town was 79.0% White, 8.6% African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 5.4% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.0% of the population.

There were 1,097 households, of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the town was 40.1 years. 20.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were from 25 to 44; 26.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.

## Notable people

- Florence V. Brittingham (1856–1891), poet, short story writer.

- Lyscum Elbert Crowson (1903-1993), Methodist minister, leader of West Virginia's 1960s movement against bars and saloons.

- Willard Duncan Vandiver (1854-1932), Missouri congressman who popularized the "Show Me State" nickname, was born near Moorefield.


Jerry Weiss (artist)

# Jerry Weiss (artist)

## Abstract

Jerry Weiss (born October 21, 1959) is an American figurative, landscape, and portrait painter and a writer. He studied classical drawing, and his career has centered on both the figure (usually from life studies), and landscape (often painted in the outdoors). He says he is "intrigued by the portrait and figure as a most sacred subject."

Weiss' paintings are held in such collections as the New Britain Museum of American Art and the Harvard Club of New York City. He is a contributing editor of The Artist's Magazine, for which he writes a "Master Class" feature with an overview of old masters. He is the son of the comic book artist Morris Weiss.

## Life and art

Weiss's parents met at the Art Students League of New York. His mother wanted to be a fashion artist, but dedicated herself to family while continuing to paint. Weiss said that he inherited an irreverence for life from his father, cartoonist Morris Weiss.

Weiss was born in New Jersey, but soon after the family moved to North Miami, Florida. He was influenced by the graphic freedom and assured skill of cartoonists, whose work he saw in his father's large collection. Morris asked for his son's advice when buying works by Dean Cornwell (1892–1960) and had once sat for James Montgomery Flagg (1877–1960). As a child, he had over his bed a Saturday Evening Post cover by J. C. Leyendecker (1874–1951) and later a drawing by Norman Rockwell.

Weiss was put off narrative work after seeing his father's daily hard-working routine for comics such as Mickey Finn and Joe Palooka. He sought more enjoyment and personal freedom, and decided to learn classical drawing. A museum director recommended he study with Roberto Martinez, who had been a student of the sculptor Marino Marini. From Martinez, Weiss learned to draw life-size, a practice he later taught. He studied at the Art Students League of New York, where he studied light and form. He also studied with Harvey Dinnerstein, whose "emphatic draftsmanship" he admired, at the National Academy of Design in New York City.

Weiss began his career during the 1980s as a figurative painter. Ten years later, he took on landscapes – a genre in which he is self-taught – eventually realizing he could treat them as he did a figure in an interior, in terms of composition, pattern and shape. In 1994 he started teaching at the Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts. He held a one-man exhibition at the Boca Raton Museum of Art in 1999. The executive director of the museum wrote of his paintings: "Jerry Weiss is a product of his age... Weiss with a great heritage goes to the past for design concepts for form, but looks to the present for his investigation of content."

Weiss said the hardest portraits to work on were impatient sitters with no interest in the art. He explained:

I enjoy spending three or four days with people who have knowledge in their field, and I would like to think it's vice versa. I find great enjoyment in these situations. Once the time is up, the portrait becomes not just a painting in a collection, but a memory of personal time shared.

He has held solo exhibitions at galleries in New York, Boston, New Jersey and Maine. His work is represented in the New Britain Museum of American Art; the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Pfizer Inc.; the Harvard Club of New York City; Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston; and Debevoise & Plimpton in New York City. He has taught workshops and lectured in Florida, New York, Washington, Maine, and Colorado. Having long taught painting and drawing at the Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts, Weiss instructs at the Art Students League of New York. He is listed in Who's Who in American Art and Who's Who in America. In 2012 he curated an exhibition of large-scale figure works that included paintings by Dinnerstein, Mary Beth McKenzie, Dan Gheno and Tom Loepp.

Weiss is represented by the Cooley Gallery, Old Lyme, Connecticut, and Portraits Inc., New York.

## Technique

Weiss uses a wood palette and a small range of colors; typically titanium white, yellow ochre, ultramarine blue and cadmium red light, sometimes with the addition of a deeper red, cadmium yellow light, cerulean and green. He occasionally paints with a knife, but mostly with flat brushes to achieve "a kind of blocky modeling". He uses Claessens oil-primed linen for portraits and panels for landscape work. After forming quick outlines, he works rapidly to block in the light and dark areas of the figure and major compositional elements with turpentine-thinned paint. Following this first stage which takes around half an hour, he reworks the areas a dozen times or more, constantly refining and unifying.

Weiss usually works to the sizes of a range of standard frames, which are mostly finished in metal or gold leaf.

## Writing

Weiss is a contributing editor of The Artist's Magazine, for which, in July 2008, he began a regular "Master Class" feature of art historical analyses on painting, the history of painting and various works and periods in Western art history. Among his other features have been assessments of contemporary masters, and an essay on his father.

Weiss has also written essays for fine art publications and art auction catalogues.

## Awards and honors

- Fellowship for Painting, New Jersey State Council on the Arts

- Best in Show, Hortt Annual, Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale, Florida

- Isaac Maynard Price, National Academy of Design, New York, 159th Annual Exhibition

- Phillip Isenburg Prize, Salmagundi Club Annual Show, New York

## Public collections

- Boca Raton Museum of Art

- New Britain Museum of American Art

- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill


690 BC

# 690 BC

## Abstract

The year 690 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 64 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 690 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events and trends

### By place

#### China

- Duke Xiang of Qi, Duke Xuan of Chen, Zheng-zi Ying met at Chui(垂).

- Marquis of Ji(紀) does not surrender to Qi, and passed the throne to his younger brother, Ji Ji (紀季).

## Deaths

- King Wu of Chu

- Xuan Jiang, Chinese Duchess.


Mallory Cecil

# Mallory Cecil

## Abstract

Mallory Anne Cecil (born July 18, 1990) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

## Biography

A right-handed player from Spartanburg, South Carolina, Cecil trained at the IMG Academy in Florida, where she was coached by Nick Bollettieri. Her junior career included grand slam appearances and she won the doubles title at the 2007 Orange Bowl, partnering Melanie Oudin.

### College

While at Duke, she received the Honda Sports Award as the nation's best female tennis player in 2009, having won the 2009 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships as a freshman, and winning all six of her matches in straight sets. Overall, she compiled a 32–4 record in her debut season with the Duke Blue Devils as their top singles player, leading her to leave Duke for what would prove to be a brief professional career.

Cecil would eventually return to Duke to finish her degree, and later completed a postgraduate degree at Durham University Business School in England, where she represented the Durham University tennis team and earned a half palatinate.

### Tennis career

Cecil had her breakthrough on the WTA Tour when she qualified for the main draw of the 2008 Pilot Pen Tennis tournament in New Haven, losing in the first round to Sara Errani, who she had earlier beaten in qualifying. Errani, who was ranked in the world's top 50, had made it into the main draw as a lucky loser and only narrowly beat Cecil in their main draw match, which was decided by a third set tiebreak. She won two ITF singles titles in 2008 at Hilton Head Island and Sumter, both in her home state of South Carolina.

As the reigning NCAA champion Cecil earned a wildcard into the singles main draw of the 2009 US Open and lost in the first round to Tathiana Garbin.

Cecil qualified for the main draw of the 2009 Challenge Bell in Quebec City and made further WTA Tour appearances as a wildcard at the Charleston Open in both 2009 and 2010. In February 2010 she reached the final of the ITF tournament in Sutton after coming through qualifying, but lost to Andrea Hlaváčková in three sets. At the Charleston tournament in April she tore the acetabular labrum in her hip and made the decision to leave professional tennis and return to Duke to further her studies.

## ITF finals

## Personal

Cecil is employed at Universal Tennis as Director of Product Operations.