Cars (franchise)

# Cars (franchise)

## Abstract

Cars is an American animated film series and Disney media franchise set in a world populated by anthropomorphic vehicles created by John Lasseter, Joe Ranft and Jorgen Klubien. The franchise began with the 2006 film, Cars, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was followed by the sequels Cars 2 (2011) and Cars 3 (2017). The now-defunct Disneytoon Studios produced the two spin-off films Planes (2013) and Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014).

The first two Cars films were directed by Lasseter, then- chief creative officer of Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Disneytoon Studios, while Cars 3 was directed by Brian Fee, a storyboard artist on the previous installments. Lasseter served as executive producer of Cars 3 and the Planes films. Together, all three Cars films have accrued over $1.4 billion in box office revenue worldwide while the franchise has amassed over $10 billion in merchandising sales within its first five years.

## History

The Cars franchise began with the original Cars. At the time, it was Pixar's least well received film by reviewers.

The short Mater and the Ghostlight was released as an extra on the Cars DVD on November 7, 2006. A series of shorts called Cars Toons were produced and aired on the Disney Channel to keep interest up. The brand had sold nearly $10 billion in merchandise by the time of the release of Cars 2 in 2011.

In 2007, Cars Four Wheels Rally ride opened in Disneyland Paris.

In the summer of 2012, the 12-acre Cars Land theme area opened at Disney California Adventure in Anaheim as the main component of $1-billion park renovation.

A third film, Cars 3, was announced on October 8, 2015, and was released on June 16, 2017.

## Cars film series

### Cars (2006)

Cars is the seventh Pixar film. The story is about rookie race car Lightning McQueen (Owen Wilson), who gets lost on the way to California for a tiebreaker race in the Piston Cup, a famous race worldwide, and ends up in a little town called Radiator Springs on Route 66, that had been bypassed and forgotten when Interstate 40 was built. He accidentally wrecks the road and is sentenced to fix it. During his time there, he meets Mater (Larry the Cable Guy), who became his best friend, and Sally (Bonnie Hunt). He also comes across Doc Hudson (Paul Newman), who used to be a famous racecar called the Hudson Hornet until a career ending crash in 1954.

After Lightning fixes the road, Doc Hudson no longer wants him in town, so he secretly alerts the media about Lightning's presence, but it doesn't take long for Hudson to realize how much Lightning has helped Radiator Springs, so he goes back to being the Hudson Hornet and becomes McQueen's crew chief, while most of the Radiator Springs folks become his pit crew. Lightning is about to win the race, but helps The King (Richard Petty) cross the finish line after Chick Hicks (Michael Keaton) causes him to crash. Chick wins the Piston Cup after being in third on the last lap, but is later booed by everyone, while Lightning receives praise for his sportsmanship.

Despite his loss, Lightning is offered to be the new face and sponsor of Dinoco, but he declines and decides to stay with Rust-eze, his current sponsor. He does, however, arrange for Mater to ride in the Dinoco helicopter just as he promised. The film ends with Lightning setting up his racing headquarters in Radiator Springs, thereby putting it back on the map.

### Cars 2 (2011)

Cars 2 is the twelfth Pixar film. The story starts with Lightning McQueen competing in the World Grand Prix, organized by Sir Miles Axlerod (Eddie Izzard), a three-race event taking place in three countries: Japan, Italy, and England, with his racing rival being Italian formula car Francesco Bernoulli (John Turturro).

Along the way, Mater is mistaken for an American spy by British spy Finn McMissile (Michael Caine), and falls in love with junior agent Holley Shiftwell (Emily Mortimer). The three uncover a plot to sabotage the World Grand Prix, which is seemingly led by Professor Zündapp (Thomas Kretschmann) and a group of lemon cars. When the event reaches its conclusion in London, Mater deduces that Axlerod is the mastermind behind the plot, as he started the event in the first place and had intended for cars everywhere to run on oil as revenge for the lemons' reputation as "history's biggest loser cars", implying that Axlerod is also a lemon.

With the plot foiled and the villains defeated, Mater is knighted by the Queen of the United Kingdom (Vanessa Redgrave), and a new race is held in Radiator Springs. Mater is invited by Finn and Holley to go on another mission, but chooses to stay in Radiator Springs. While his weapons get confiscated, he gets to keep the rocket engines he acquired, as the two agents take off in Siddeley (Jason Isaacs), the British spy jet.

### Cars 3 (2017)

Cars 3 is the eighteenth Pixar film. The story focuses on Lightning McQueen, who deals with a new generation of race cars taking over the world of racing. Jackson Storm (Armie Hammer) is an arrogant high tech racer who leads the next generation. As everyone begins to ask him if he might retire, Lightning struggles with keeping up with these racers and during the final race of the season, he suffers a violent crash.

Four months later, a recovering Lightning mourns the late Doc Hudson and travels to the new Rust-eze Racing Center, now under the management of Sterling (Nathan Fillion). Sterling assigns Cruz Ramirez (Cristela Alonzo) to train him on the simulator, which Lightning accidentally destroys after losing control. Cruz's unconventional training methods and lack of racing experience frustrate Lightning, as they race on beaches and a demolition derby. Cruz reveals that she had always wanted to be a racer but never found the confidence to do so. In Thomasville, they encounter Hudson's old crew chief Smokey (Chris Cooper), who trains McQueen and explains to him that Hudson found happiness in mentoring him. Smokey's training methods inspire Ramirez as well.

At the Florida 500, Lightning begins racing, but remembers Cruz's racing dreams and has her take his place in the race. Using what she's learned on the road, Cruz found the confidence to catch up to Storm. She wins the race along with McQueen and begins racing for Dinoco, whose owner, Tex, purchases Rust-eze. Under the merged Dinoco–Rust-eze brand, Cruz becomes a racer, sporting #51, and McQueen decides to continue racing, with a new paint job in memory of Doc Hudson, but trains Cruz first for the season.

### Possible fourth film

Regarding a possible Cars 4, Cars 3 producers Kevin Reher and Andrea Warren told CinemaBlend that "If there's a good story to tell I mean our heads kinda break after having gotten this one done, like oh my God, what could you do the further adventures of? But like any sequel, from Toy Story 4 to Incredibles 2, as long as there's a good story to tell, it's worth investing; we do love these characters, we love them as much as the public does." Regarding which character would be the main protagonist in the movie, Reher and Warren stated that "if Cruz is a breakout character, kind of like Mater was", "she be involved in a 4 ". Owen Wilson stated at a Cars 3 press event that possible stories have been discussed for a Cars 4, though he would personally like for a fourth Cars movie to delve into aspects of the thriller genre, akin to Cars 2. In an interview with Screen Rant, Lea Delaria expressed interest in reprising her role as Miss Fritter while promoting the release of the short movie Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool with the Cars 3 DVD and Blu-ray release.

In December 2023, it was revealed that Pixar is working on Cars 4 and other spin-off projects related to the franchise. During a recent interview at the 2023 Porsche Rennsport Reunion Event, the creative director of the saga, Jay Ward, revealed that they are developing a new project related to the franchise: "There are more Cars things brewing, I can't say much more yet. Cars has got a life that will keep going. I am working on some real fun projects right now that you will see in a couple of years. It takes us a while to make them."

## Cars television series

### Cars Toons

#### Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales (2008–2012)

Mater's Tall Tales is a series of short animated films featuring Mater, Lightning McQueen, and their friends. The first three shorts premiered on October 27, 2008 on Toon Disney, Disney Channel, and ABC Family. Not exclusive to television, the episodes have also been released on DVDs/Blu-rays or as in front of theatrical films. A total of 11 episodes have been released with Time Travel Mater (2012) being the most recent.

All shorts in the series follow the same tall-tale formula: Mater tells a story of something he has done in the past. When Lightning questions Mater over whether the events in the story actually occurred (or in some episodes asks him what he did next), Mater always claimed that Lightning was also involved and continues the story including Lightning's sudden participation. The shorts end with Mater leaving the scene, often followed by characters or references to the story that was being told, suggesting that story might be real.

#### Cars Toons: Tales from Radiator Springs (2013–2014)

Tales from Radiator Springs is a series of short animated films featuring the various residents of the titular location. The first three two-minute episodes - Hiccups, Bugged, and Spinning - premiered on March 22, 2013, on Disney Channel, and have been available online since March 24, 2013. A fourth short in the series, titled The Radiator Springs 500 ½, was released in spring 2014 on the digital movie service Disney Movies Anywhere. It premiered on August 1, 2014, on Disney Channel. The short has a running time of 6 minutes rather than the usual two-minute running time.

### Cars on the Road (2022)

On December 10, 2020, during Disney's Investors Day event, Pixar announced that an animated series starring Lightning McQueen and Mater traveling the country while meeting friends, new and old, was in development. On November 12, 2021, it was announced that the show would be titled Cars on the Road, and that Owen Wilson and Larry the Cable Guy would reprise their respective roles as Lightning McQueen and Mater. It was released on Disney+ on September 8, 2022, as part of Disney+ Day.

## Cars short films

### Mater and the Ghostlight (2006)

Mater and the Ghostlight is a 2006 Pixar animated short created for the DVD of the 2006 film Cars, which was released on October 25, 2006, in Australia and the United States on November 7, 2006. The short, set in the Cars world, tells a story of Mater being haunted by a mysterious blue light.

### Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool (2017)

Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool is a 2017 Pixar animated short created for the Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD of Cars 3, which was released in the United States on November 7, 2017. The short, set in the Cars world, follows the "blindsided testimonials from the Crazy 8's, touting the transformative impact Miss Fritter's Racing School has had in reshaping the direction of their lives".

### Pixar Popcorn shorts

In December 2020, two Cars short films were announced as part of Disney+'s Pixar Popcorn series, which was released on January 22, 2021. As with most of the shorts present in this series, none of the characters have voice roles.

#### Unparalleled Parking (2021)

In this short, the cars have a friendly parallel parking competition.

#### Dancing with the Cars (2021)

In this short, the residents of Radiator Springs show off their dancing skills at Flo's V8 Café.

### Trust Ye’re Old Pal, Mater (2024)

TBA

## Planes film series

In 2013 Disneytoon Studios, Pixar's now-defunct sister company, released a spin-off film set in the Cars world titled Planes featuring planes as the main characters. The film was followed by a sequel titled Planes: Fire & Rescue in 2014.

### Planes (2013)

Planes is an animated Cars spin-off film produced by Disneytoon Studios. The first film in a planned duology where the main characters are planes, the film was released in theaters by Walt Disney Pictures on August 9, 2013. The film was directed by Klay Hall and executive produced by John Lasseter. In the film, Dusty Crophopper, a small-town cropdusting plane, follows his dreams by competing in a world air race despite his fear of heights.

### Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)

A sequel to Planes, titled Planes: Fire & Rescue, was theatrically released on July 18, 2014. This film is also produced by Disneytoon Studios. Bobs Gannaway, co-developer of Jake and the Never Land Pirates and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, and co-director of Mickey Mouse Works and Secret of the Wings, directed the film. Lasseter again served as executive producer. In the film, Dusty is now a world-famous air racer, but learns he will never be able to race again due to an engine problem. After accidentally starting a fire, Dusty decides to become a firefighter and trains at Piston Peak Air Attack.

## Planes short film

### Vitaminamulch: Air Spectacular (2014)

A Planes short film titled Vitaminamulch: Air Spectacular was released on the DVD and Blu-ray of Planes: Fire & Rescue. It was directed by Dan Abraham and executive produced by John Lasseter. In the short film, Dusty Crophopper and Chug need to replace two daredevils in an airshow Leadbottom is hosting. At first unsuccessful, Dusty and Chug accidentally start a series of events that captures the audience's attention, eventually completing the stunt.

## Cancelled projects

### To Protect and Serve

A fifth Tales from Radiator Springs short film, titled To Protect and Serve, was announced to be in development for a 2015 release. However, it was never released.

The short would have been focused on Sheriff as he takes a mandatory vacation and leaves two rookies (voiced by Wendi McLendon-Covey and Aziz Ansari) to take over his duties as police officer. This, however, causes problems in Radiator Springs as the rookies over-do every aspect of their job in an attempt to score commendations, turning the town into a hotbed of taped-off crime scenes. Sheriff soon senses an imbalance and returns home to right the "justice" that has been served.

### Untitled Planes sequel and spin-offs

At the D23 Expo held in July 2017, John Lasseter announced a third film in the Planes series. Tentatively titled Beyond the Sky, the film would have explored the future of aviation in outer space. The film had a release date of April 12, 2019. It was removed from the release schedule in March 2018, and on June 28, shortly after the announcement of Lasseter's departure from Disney, Disneytoon Studios was shut down, ending development on the film.

Prior to its closure, the studio was planning several more spin-offs of the franchise focusing on boats, trains and other vehicles. In November 2022, concept art for one of the proposed films, tentatively titled Metro, was leaked online.

## Reception

### Box-office performance

Earning over $1.7 billion, Cars, including its Planes spin-off films, is the eleventh- highest grossing animated franchise.

In its opening weekend, the original Cars earned $60,119,509 in 3,985 theaters in the United States, ranking number one at the box office. In the United States, the film held onto the number one spot for two weeks before being surpassed by Click, and then by Superman Returns the following weekend. It went on to gross $461,983,149 worldwide (ranking number six in 2006 films) and $244,082,982 in the United States (the third-highest-grossing film of 2006 in the country, behind Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and Night at the Museum). It was the highest grossing animated film of 2006 in the United States, but lost to Ice Age: The Meltdown in worldwide totals.

Cars 2 has earned $191,452,396 in the United States and Canada, and $368,400,000 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $559,852,396. Worldwide on its opening weekend, it made $109.0 million, marking the largest opening weekend for a 2011 animated title.

### Awards and nominations

The first Cars film had a highly successful run during the 2006 awards season. Many film critic associations such as the Broadcast Film Critics Association and the National Board of Review named it the best Animated Feature Film of 2006. Cars also received the title of Best Reviewed Animated Feature of 2006 from Rotten Tomatoes. Randy Newman and James Taylor received a Grammy Award for the song "Our Town", which later went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song (an award it lost to "I Need to Wake Up" from An Inconvenient Truth). The film also earned an Oscar nomination for Best Animated Feature, but it lost to Happy Feet. Cars was also selected as the Favorite Family Movie at the 33rd People's Choice Awards. The most prestigious award that Cars received was the inaugural Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film. Cars also won the highest award for animation in 2006, the Best Animated Feature Annie Award. The film was also nominated for AFI's 10 Top 10 in the "Animation" genre.

## Cast and characters

This is a list of characters from the 2006 film Cars, its 2011 and 2017 sequels Cars 2 and Cars 3, its 2013 and 2014 spin-off films Planes and Planes: Fire & Rescue, its 2006 and 2017 short films Mater and the Ghostlight and Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool, its 2014 spin-off short film Vitaminamulch: Air Spectacular, and its 2008 and 2022 television series Cars Toons and Cars on the Road.

- Note: A grey cell indicates the character was not in the film.

## Other media

### Video games

In May 2007, the Cars video game was announced to be a "Platinum Hit" on the Xbox, "Greatest Hit" on the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable, and Player's Choice on the GameCube. Two sequels were released, Cars Mater-National Championship and Cars Race-O-Rama. A video game based on Cars 2 was developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, PC, and Nintendo DS on June 21, 2011. The PlayStation 3 version of the game was reported to be compatible with stereoscopic 3D gameplay. In October 2014, Gameloft released Cars: Fast as Lightning, a customizable, city-building racing game for smartphone platforms. Lightning McQueen appears as a playable character in Lego The Incredibles which was released in June 2018, and Rocket League in November 2023.

### Similar films

From the start, at least two inspired or knock off direct to video series appeared, A Cars Life and The Little Cars, that amounted to being mockbusters.

It has also been noted that the plot of Cars bears a striking resemblance to that of Doc Hollywood, the 1991 romantic comedy which stars Michael J. Fox as a hotshot young doctor, who, after causing a traffic accident in a small town, is sentenced to work at the town hospital, falls in love with a local law student and eventually acquires an appreciation for small town values.

#### The Autobots

The Autobots was released in July 2015 by Chinese companies Bluemtv and G-Point. On January 1, 2017, Disney and Pixar were awarded damages in their lawsuit against the two companies. The Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Court ruled that the Chinese film titled The Autobots was an illegal copy of Cars thus fined the film's producer and distributor the equivalent of US$194,000. In his defense, director Zhuo Jianrong claimed he had never seen Cars.

#### A Cars Life

A Cars Life was a series animated by the UAV Corporation, produced by Spark Plug Entertainment, and distributed by Allumination Filmworks. There were a total of four films issued from 2006 to 2015. The series included A Car's Life: Sparky's Big Adventure (2006), Car's Life 2 (2011), Car's Life: Junkyard Blues (2015), which was made for television, and Car's Life 3: The Royal Heist (2013).

#### The Little Cars

The Little Cars is a big series animated by the Toyland Video (Vídeo Brinquedo) and distributed by Branscome International. There were a total of eight films produced in 2006-2007 and released from 2006 to 2011. Toyland Video considers its "mockbuster" to be following a "Bollywood" approach of borrowing from Hollywood.

Marcus Aurelius Canônico of Folha de S.Paulo described The Little Cars series (Os Carrinhos in Portuguese), a Brazilian computer graphics film series, as a derivative of Cars. Canônico discussed whether lawsuits from Pixar would appear. The Brazilian Ministry of Culture posted Marcus Aurelius Canônico's article on its website.

## Merchandising

The Mattel -produced 1/55 scale Toy Cars were some of the most popular toys of the 2006 Summer Season. Dozens of characters are represented, with some having multiple versions available. Several stores had trouble keeping the toys in stock, and some models are still difficult to find because of being shipped in lower numbers than other characters.

Some online Disney enthusiasts are comparing it to the same shortage that Mattel faced with its Toy Story line in 1995. On August 14, 2007, the die-cast Sarge car, made between May and July 2007, was recalled due to "impermissible levels of lead" used in the paint. Another Cars product which followed the Disney-Pixar Cars Die-Cast Line were miniature versions of the characters which were painted in different colors to represent different events called Mini Adventures. Also, Lego has sets for the sequels.

On June 22, 2006, Disney Consumer Products announced that Cars merchandise broke records for retail sales based on a Disney-Pixar product, recording 10-to-1 more volume than Finding Nemo. DCP reports that product expansion will take place in the fall alongside the DVD release of the film. Mattel has announced that Cars toys will continue through 2008 with the release of at least 80 new vehicles.

A 36 car pack called "Motor Speedway of the South" will feature most of the race cars seen during the opening race sequence of the film. (This is also the name for the track race in the film) Estimates from the New York Daily News indicate that sales of Cars merchandise two weeks out from the release of the film amounted to US$600 million. Estimates put out in November by the Walt Disney Company peg total sales for the brand at around $1 billion.

Kelley Blue Book, a resource for appraising values of vehicles, has humorously "appraised" four of the cars, Lightning McQueen, Mater, Sally Carrera, and Doc Hudson according to their make/model and personalities. The United States Department of Transportation has used scenes from the film in a commercial regarding the Click It or Ticket campaign.

In conjunction with the film's release, a chocolate ice cream on a stick resembling a car tire was released in Australia. These ice creams were called "Burnouts". The naming of the particular product sparked controversy as the name "Burnouts" was believed to have encouraged street racing and committing burnouts. These acts are illegal and heavy fines and convictions are issued to those committing these acts in Australia. It is unknown as to whether the products have been discontinued. In Norway, the candy company Nidar produced candy with the characters on the outer packaging and pictures of the characters on the packaging of the assorted candy on the inside. These bags also came with Cars themed tattoos.

In the U.S., an animated Walmart truck can be seen on a Walmart advertisements for Cars. In the Walmart TV commercial Mater was talking to the Walmart truck. In South Africa, Italy, and several other countries where Opel is present (or with Opel models under Chevrolet and Vauxhall brand), GM has a campaign featuring a General Motors Astra, an Opel Meriva, and a General Motors Zafira as characters in the world of Cars, including TV ads made by Pixar, with the Opel models interacting with Lightning McQueen, Mater and Ramone.

The first ad involved the Opels coming to Radiator Springs as tourists. The second involved their failed attempts at auditioning for Mater. In the end the Opels lost the part to the real Mater. In July 2006, greeting card giant Hallmark Cards unveiled its line of 2006 Keepsake Christmas ornaments. Among the collection was an ornament featuring Lightning McQueen and Mater. There is also a Cars children's clothing line, which produces various T-shirts and shorts.

In Japan, Disney Japan and Toyota backed racing team Cars Racing replaced its racing car " Toy Story apr MR-S" and introduced the "Lightning McQueen apr MR-S" for the 2008 Super GT season. The car was based on the Toyota MR-S and the externals of the car were modeled on its of McQueen as much as possible. This include their number change from their original No.101 to McQueen's #95. They won in Race 3 that season.

As of 2011, the Cars franchise has grossed over $10 billion in merchandise sales revenue.

## Theme park attractions

At D23 2024 on August 10, 2024, it was announced that the Magic Kingdom version of Rivers of America and Tom Sawyer Island would be closed in 2025 to make way for a Frontierland expansion, based on the Cars franchise. As such, the Liberty Belle Riverboat, was planned to stop operating as well.

### Cars Land

Cars Land is a 12-acre land located at Disney California Adventure which contains an entire full-sized recreation of the town of Radiator Springs from the Cars franchise. The land includes restaurants, shops, and three rides: Mater's Junkyard Jamboree, Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters, and Radiator Springs Racers, the main "E-Ticket" attraction which is one of the most expensive rides Disney has ever built at a cost of over $200 million. Radiator Springs Racers lets guests race against each other around Ornament Valley while encountering several Cars characters. Cars Land opened on June 15, 2012, with the completion of Disney California Adventure's expansion along with Buena Vista Street.

Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters opened on March 7, 2016, and replaced Luigi's Flying Tires, an original Cars Land ride which closed in February 2015 after complaints and injuries.

### Cars Four Wheels Rally

Cars Four Wheels Rally (French: Cars Quatre Roues Rallye) is an attraction in Toon Studio at Walt Disney Studios Park at Disneyland Paris in 2007. The ride opened one year after Cars showed its first screening on June 9, 2007. The attraction's setting is car service station in the small town of Radiator Springs located in the desert. The attraction is surrounded by boulders which imitates the rocky formations of the Grand Canyon. The ride system is a highly themed Zamperla Demolition Derby.

Riders begin the attraction by sitting down in one of the generic car-shaped vehicles. The vehicles are located on one of the four spinning plateaus. The attraction's layout is similar to "Francis' Ladybug Boogie" attraction at Disney California Adventure and the "Whirlpool" at Tokyo DisneySea, as the vehicles automatically change from one spinning plateau to the next. The vehicles change plateaus while carrying out the rotation inversion of eight separate vehicles. Cars Race Rally was the first operating Disney ride themed to the Cars franchise.

### Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy

Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy is a living character show attraction hosted by Lightning McQueen located in Sunset Boulevard in Disney's Hollywood Studios that opened on March 31, 2019. Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy is the first of many new attractions coming to Hollywood Studios, part of its shift from studio-like attractions to attractions featuring Disney properties such as Star Wars, Pixar, and Marvel.

Much like the existing Monsters, Inc. Laugh Floor in Magic Kingdom 's Tomorrowland, Turtle Talk with Crush in several Disney parks (including Epcot), and Stitch Encounter in the non-American Disney parks, Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy lets guests interact with the character. The other attractions have actors voice the characters, which are manipulated via digital puppetry — the manipulation of digital animated figures in real time.

While the other cars of the Cars films — Mater, Sally Carrera, and Cruz Ramirez, for instance — appear on screens during the show, Lightning appears in physical car form.

In September 2024, it was announced that the show will be closed on October 7, 2024, to make way for a Disney Villains-themed stage show in the Sunset Showcase Theater.


Nyla Ali Khan

# Nyla Ali Khan

## Abstract

Nyla Ali Khan is an adjunct professor at Oklahoma City Community College. She is a former Visiting Professor at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, and former Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska-Kearney. She is the author of four books, and several articles that focus on the political issues and strife of her homeland, Jammu and Kashmir, India. She is the granddaughter of Sheikh Abdullah.

## Biography

Khan was born in New Delhi, India. Her family is based in Jammu and Kashmir, India, and she was raised there in the Kashmir Valley located in the foothills of the Himalayas. Her mother, Suraiya Abdullah Ali, is a retired professor of literature, and her father, Mohammad Ali Matto, was a retired physician. She is the only child of Suraiya Abdullah Ali and Mohammad Ali Matto—and the granddaughter of Sheikh Abdullah. As per her grandfather's biography, her great great grandfather was a Sapru Brahmin who converted to Islam in the 19th century. She did her master's degree in English at the University of Oklahoma, focusing on postcolonial literature and theory and obtained her Ph.D. at the same institution.

In May 2015, Khan was the first Kashmiri woman to be nominated and accepted as a member of the advisory council for the Oklahoma Commission on the Status of Women. The council serves "as a resource and clearinghouse for research and information on issues related to women and gender bias, to act as an advisory entity on equity issues to state agencies, communities, organizations and businesses of the state, and to establish recommendations for action to improve the quality of life for Oklahoma women, children and families."

Of her notable grandfather, Khan stated in a 2010 interview that she prefers not to simply live in his shadow but to "stand up for myself and be taken seriously... express my anger without being labeled an 'Islamic militant'... legitimately question things I don't understand".

## Publications

### Books

In her first book, The Fiction of Nationality in an Era of Transnationalism, she "examines the writings of V.S. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, and Anita Desai, all four living abroad to explain the aberrant behaviour of emigres from the Indian subcontinent to explain why they support religious fundamentalist groups in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh." In doing so, she strives to provide an objective view of how transnationalism can distort impressions of reality. In reviewing her book, Khushwant Singh notes that the transnational subjects examined by Dr. Khan "having settled abroad, develop an exaggerated sense of belonging, swallow fabricated history of their glorious pasts and despite having no intention of returning to the lands of their nativity give emotional and monetary support to subversive elements."

- Review by Steven Salaita

In her second book, Islam, Women, and Violence in Kashmir: Between Indian and Pakistan, she examines women in Islam in "the first through study of the tragedy of Kashmir done by a Kashmiri woman." "Khan uses the analytical tools of postmodern, feminist criticism to understand and highlight the role--passive and active--that women have played in Kashmir's history, ranging from the 14th century Lal Ded, a mystic poet who laid the foundations of Kashmir's syncretic culture, to the present day Parveena Ahangar who represents the Association of the Parents of the Disappeared People." Interspersed within are oral histories from women who serve to defend Kashmir from invasion, women who had previously been long ignored.

- Review by Brian Hull in Genre Vol. 46, No. 1, Spring 2013, 103–108.

- Review by the University of Nebraska Kearney.

- Review by Amitabh Mattoo in India Today, 22 January 2010

- Review by Jaskiran Mathur in Journal of International Women’s Studies Vol. 11 #1 November 2009, 328–332.

- Review by Dr. Mustafa Kamal, "Of women, politics and Kashmiriyat" in Kashmir Times, Srinagar, Monday, 9 November 2009, 3–4.

- Review by Seema Kazi in Conveyor, November 2009, 61–63

She undertakes the role of editor in a third book, The Parchment of Kashmir: History, Society, and Polity. The book presents a collection of essays by Kashmiri academics who are "well-known, well-established, and well-respected within Kashmiri society", but who haven't had much opportunity to reach an audience outside of Kashmir and outside of South Asia.

- Review by Hari Jaisingh in Book Bazaar, 5 May 2013, 1–2.

- Review by David Taylor in Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2013), 137–8.

- Review by John C Hawley in Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 23 October 2013.

Her fourth book, The Life of a Kashmiri Woman: Dialectic of Resistance and Accommodation examines the life of her grandmother, Akbar Jehan "paint a loving and personal picture of a powerful woman whose role and actions gave Kashmir a model for women's political action in the critical period before and after the partition of India in 1947."

- Review by Ellora Puri in The Book Review Literary Trust, 12 December 2014.

- Review by Rehka Chowdhary in Oxford Islamic Studies Online, 19 April 2015.

She has recently been working as an editor for a publication on the region of Jammu and Kashmir with Oxford Islamic Studies Online, which has been recruiting guest editors for projects that examine the "politics, religious practices, economics, women’s and minorities’ rights, geography, arts and culture, major figures" of various Islamic regions. They will be including a featured article by her and plan to expand upon their partnership to provide additional materials to promote education and scholarship about the region.

Khan's latest book, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah’s Reflections on Kashmir, is a compendium of the speeches and interviews of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, who reigned as prime minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir from 1948 to 1953, and who was a large presence on the political landscape of India for fifty years. The volume is designed to enable a student of South Asian politics, and the politics of Kashmir in particular, to analyze the ways in which experiences have been constructed historically and have changed overtime.

### Book chapters

- "The Land of Lalla-Ded: Negation of ‘Kashmiriyat’ and Immiseration of the Kashmiri Woman." Contesting Nation: Gendered Violence in South Asia. Notes on the Postcolonial Present. Ed. Angana Chatterji and Lubna Nazir Chaudhry. New Delhi: Zubaan Books, 2010.

- "Citizenship in a Transnational Age: Culture and Politics in Amitav Ghosh ’s The Shadow Lines. " In Amitav Ghosh ’s The Shadow Lines: A Critical Companion. Ed. Murari Prasad. Delhi: Pencraft International, 2007. Forthcoming.


The Guest (2014 American film)

# The Guest (2014 American film)

## Abstract

The Guest is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Adam Wingard and written by Simon Barrett. The film stars Dan Stevens and Maika Monroe, with a supporting cast that includes Leland Orser, Sheila Kelley, Brendan Meyer, and Lance Reddick. It tells the story of a U.S. soldier (Stevens) called David who unexpectedly visits the Peterson family, introducing himself as a friend of their son who died in combat in Afghanistan. After he has been staying in their home for a couple of days, a series of deaths occur, and the daughter Anna (Monroe) suspects David is connected to them.

Barrett, who previously worked with Wingard on the films A Horrible Way to Die (2010) and You're Next (2011), wrote the script for The Guest. Budgeted at $5 million, filming took place in New Mexico during the summer of 2013. Musician Steve Moore scored the film's soundtrack. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014, and was theatrically released in the United States on September 17. The Guest received generally positive reviews from critics.

## Plot

Spencer and Laura Peterson, with their children Luke and Anna, are coping with the loss of their eldest son, Caleb, to the war in Afghanistan. They are visited by David Collins, a former U.S. Army sergeant who claims he was Caleb's best friend. He tells the family he wanted to visit them as a way to help Caleb take care of them. He is polite and friendly, and Laura invites him to stay as long as he wishes.

David hears of Spencer's troubles at work, and he sees Luke return home with a bruise on his face, caused by homophobic bullies at school. The next day, David and Luke follow the bullies to a bar, where David beats them up. He then uses his knowledge of the law, as well as a bribe, to convince the bartender not to tell anyone. That evening, David goes to a Halloween party with a reluctant Anna, where he makes a good impression with her friends, and later saves her friend Kristen from her violent ex-boyfriend. David and Kristen have sex, then David asks Anna's friend Craig where he can buy a gun. On their way home, Anna offers to make David a mix CD.

David gives Luke advice on dealing with bullies and gives him his butterfly knife. He meets Craig and his friend to buy the gun, but kills them and steals their weapons. When a suspicious Anna calls the military base to ask about David, she is told that he presumably died a week earlier. The call alerts a private corporation called the KPG, headed by Major Carver, who assembles a special forces team and heads for the Peterson's home. Anna then learns about Craig's death, and that her boyfriend Zeke has been blamed for it. It is revealed that Spencer's boss died under mysterious circumstances, giving Spencer the promotion he always wanted. Anna asks Luke to research the numbers David has called on his phone.

At school, one of the bullies assaults Luke again, but he fights back by punching him in the face and hitting him with a yardstick. After they are both sent to the principal's office, David and Laura arrive. David accuses the principal of not caring about Luke’s sexuality and suggests a month of after-school detentions, threatening litigation if Luke is expelled. Luke tells David of Anna's suspicions, but promises not to investigate any further or tell anyone else. While David helps Laura with the laundry, Major Carver's team attacks the house, but David kills all of them except for Carver. His cover blown, David stabs Laura with a kitchen knife. He then drives away, and kills Spencer as well.

Carver picks up Anna and informs her of her parents' deaths. He reveals that David was a test subject in a military medical experiment and was "programmed" to kill anyone who might compromise his identity, and is unlikely to be able to stop even if he wanted to. Meanwhile, David shoots Kristen in the chest and blows up the restaurant where she and Anna work. He goes to the school to kill Luke. Carver and Anna arrive at the school before David, and enter a haunted house set up for the Halloween dance. David turns off the lights and plays Anna's mix CD, then kills Luke's teacher and Carver with a boxcutter. Anna shoots David with Carver's gun, but David stabs her in the leg and attempts to choke her as the gun misfires and damages a light, starting a fire. Luke stabs David twice with the butterfly knife, which frees Anna. David tells Luke that he did the right thing and gives him a thumbs-up before collapsing.

Sitting in an ambulance, Anna and Luke overhear the firefighters say that only two corpses were recovered. As several firefighters exit the school, Anna notices one of them is limping; he turns to face her, and it is David using the disguise to quietly escape the scene.

## Cast

- Dan Stevens as David Collins

- Maika Monroe as Anna Peterson

- Brendan Meyer as Luke Peterson

- Sheila Kelley as Laura Peterson

- Lance Reddick as Major Richard Carver

- Leland Orser as Spencer Peterson

- Tabatha Shaun as Kristen

- Chase Williamson as Zeke Hastings

- Ethan Embry as Higgins

- Joel David Moore as Craig

- Steven John Brown as Mike

- Brenden Wedner as Ian

- Alex Knight as Mr. Lyles

- Frank Bond as Mr. Alston

- Jesse Luken as Drew

- Kelsey Montoya as Jason

- Justin Yu as Blair

- A. J. Bowen as Austin

- Chris Ellis as Hendricks

- Candice K. Patton as Sgt. Halway

- Chris Harding as Caleb Peterson

## Production

### Writing

Simon Barrett, who previously collaborated with Adam Wingard on the films A Horrible Way to Die and You're Next, wrote the script for The Guest. Barrett said, "one of the things that excites me the most is to have established a pre-existing dynamic like a nuclear family, then introduce an element that's disruptive I love just movies where a stranger comes to town “ High Plains Drifter "-style. Similarly to their previous films, Barrett envisioned The Guest with a main character "harboring a secret". The character was inspired by Barrett's former occupation as a private investigator; he said it "really compartmentalized my life so I've become fascinated by characters that just have a weird interior thing going on". Keith Calder and Jessica Calder served as producers, who also produced You're Next. Wingard describes his working relationship with them as "positive" and "respectful".

### Casting and filming

Casting choices focused on character actors. On June 11, 2013, Dan Stevens signed on to star as the titular character, David. To prepare for the role, he spent hours in the gym to gain muscle. Wingard stated Stevens was the only serious contender for the role of David. "It was a very expedited schedule in terms of the casting It was pretty much only Dan or bust", Wingard said. When casting Stevens, Barrett and Wingard knew that Stevens would be likable, and found him to be "calm and cool" and "naturally charming". They said the film title made the story obvious, and though audiences may cheer on his character for his entertainment value, he is clearly the antagonist of the film, something audiences will easily recognize. Maika Monroe was signed on for the role as Anna on June 26. On July 8, two additional cast members were confirmed; Brendan Meyer, who plays Luke, and Lance Reddick, who plays Major Richard Carver.

On July 17, 2013, the New Mexico Film Office announced the start of the production of The Guest. Principal photography took place in various locations including Moriarty, Edgewood and Estancia, and continued until the end of August 2013. Monroe described the filming process as "light-hearted There's a lot of comedy in The Guest, so it was a bit more fun".

## Music

Before filming began, Wingard thought about the music first. "For this film I was mostly inspired by electronic/ goth bands of the 80s", he said. The film score was composed by Steve Moore, and includes synthwave tracks from artists such as Clan of Xymox and Survive. J-2 Music released the soundtrack on September 16, 2014.

## Release

According to Wang, the rough cut of The Guest was about 20 minutes longer than the theatrical version. The rough cut was screened to a test audience, but viewers responded negatively, which resulted in shortening of the runtime. After another test screening, the audience was confused at the sudden arrival of Major Richard Carver and his team at the Peterson home, which is why some scenes with Carver at KPG headquarters were added in final cut of the film. Other footage which was edited or deleted after test screenings were scenes which explained what exactly "David" is, what happened to him, why he commits some of the acts in the story, and more details about the KPG program that he was involved in. Test audiences felt that the plot explanation was too much, a view shared by Wingard and Barrett, who "hated" explaining David's character and his background because they wanted to leave it ambiguous, and were thus happy to cut those scenes from the film.

On March 7, 2014, Picturehouse acquired the distribution rights to the film. To promote the film, the studio released a teaser trailer on June 26, 2014, followed by a second trailer on August 6.

### Box office

The Guest premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. The film premiered in the United Kingdom on September 5, 2014 to 274 theaters. It finished in eighth place, grossing $511,040. After four weeks, the film grossed $1,352,579. The United States theatrical release was on September 17, 2014 to 19 theaters. During the first weekend, the film earned $84,527. At its widest release, the film was in 53 theaters. After six weeks, the film grossed $332,890, and earned $2.7 million worldwide.

### Home media

Universal Studios released The Guest on 2-disc DVD, and on Blu-ray with Digital Copy and UltraViolet abilities, on January 6, 2015. The DVD also includes an audio commentary by Wingard and Barrett, and 15-minutes of deleted scenes. In October 2021, the film was released on Ultra HD Blu-ray by Second Sight Films.

### Critical response

Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 92% based on 122 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critics consensus states, "Boasting enough intelligence to bolster its darkly violent thrills, The Guest offers another treat for genre fans from director Adam Wingard." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Robert Abele of the Los Angeles Times described the film as a "dirty-sexy-funny homage to the vise-grip corkers that marked John Carpenter ' and James Cameron 's indie heyday", and praised Stevens' "killer personality" which brings The Guest to life. Another critic, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, also agreed the film was "fun" and praised Stevens' "mesmerizing" performance. Writing for The New York Times, Jeannette Catsoulis complimented Wingard and Barrett's ability in tackling another familiar genre together; she thought Stevens' performance was restrained but "magnetic" as the story develops. London Evening Standard 's Charlotte O'Sullivan was equally impressed by the director and writer duo; the critic gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and opined that Stevens' was "perfect" for the lead role. Dennis Harvey of Variety, while critical of the horror homage and ending, thought " The Guest is blood-soaked action trash of a high grade". He credited the soundtrack for underlining the film's vintage style. The reviewer from Spin magazine also praised the "quintessentially Halloween" soundtrack, and drew comparisons to it with the music from Drive (2011).

Of Stevens' performance, the critic from The Telegraph opined that it was reminiscent of Ryan Gosling in Drive and Only God Forgives (2013). However, he thought the logic in the film was lost in the third act, arguing Wingard was "a little shameless". Chuck Bowen of Slant magazine enjoyed the 1980s themes and cinematography. "Reds are gorgeously vibrant, and the intentional grain texture, meant to give The Guest a somewhat timeless look, comes through subtly. The intentional glare of certain lighting is crisp, and the blacks are beautifully inky. The sound mix, which should be heard loud, boasts impressive nuance and heft", he wrote. Fearnet praised the cast performances and overall remarked that it was "a slick, fast, fun thriller flick." The A.V. Club gave the film a "B+" rating and said that "Dumb fun is rarely this smartly delivered." Bloody Good Horror gave the film a rating of 8/10 and commented, "Mixing elements from such classics like Halloween, The Terminator, and using the framework of Molière 's hidden-identity classic Tartuffe keeps this modern 80's thriller on par with some of the best homages seen in recent memory."

## Sequel

While a feature film sequel was never produced, Lakeshore Records released in 2022 a sequel in the form of an 80's Synth inspired soundtrack entitled The Guest 2: Original Soundtrack. The soundtrack features contributions by OGRE Sound, Steve Moore, Ghost Cop, Adam Wingard, Xander Harris, and Lone Runner. Later that year, Wingard noted that the sequel soundtrack was originally intended as a "fun music-based project" but teased that it has inspired him and Barrett to potentially pursue a feature length sequel and that Stevens has expressed interest in reprising his role. Wingard also teased that the sequel may become a limited series instead of a film.

In 2024, Wingard revealed that he and Stevens discussed potential ideas while filming Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire and that he included a track from The Guest 2 soundtrack into the film for fans; the track, "Hardwired" by Jordan F, was featured in a scene where characters played by Stevens, Rebecca Hall, and Kaylee Hottle approach a Hollow Earth aircraft. Wingard also expressed regret over not filming the sequel before Reddick's death, stating that Reddick's character would have been brought back. That same year, Stevens was hesitant to answer questions related to the sequel, stating that its future depends on Wingard and Barrett; Stevens admitted that he spoke with Wingard about potentially collaborating on other projects, with The Guest II being one possible prospect. In regards to the sequel soundtrack, Stevens said, "in some ways, we tried to appease the fans by releasing a soundtrack to The Guest II, before a movie is even in existence."


Canavesite

# Canavesite

## Abstract

Canavesite, Mg (HBO)(CO)∙5H O, is a rare carboborate mineral from the abandoned Brosso mine in Italy. Canavesite is a secondary mineral that occurs due to the weathering of ludwigite-magnetite skarn on the surface of mine walls. The physical properties consist of milky-white rosette-like aggregates of elongated transparent fibers shown in figure one. It has the crystal symmetry of a monoclinic with a diffraction symbol of 2/mP-/-.

## History

Giussani & Vighi saw and described boron mineralization in 1964 in a pyrite mine, Brosso, in Italy. They noticed secondary minerals forming between szaibelyite and ludwigite at the point where they come into contact with each other inside magnetite skarns. Years later in 1972 a few members from the Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo found the first sample of a new unknown mineral around the same location. Since then canavesite has been traded as nesquehonite and added to geologic collections. Canavesite is one of few known carboborates. The name canavesite originates from the district of Canavese where the pyrite mine is located.

## Composition

Canavesite has the chemical formula Mg (HBO)(CO)∙5H O, which makes it a carboborate mineral. Having two complete chemical analyses and one partial gives MgO (31.06),B O (12.70),CO (18.57)H O(37.44) and MgO (31.18),B O (13.47),CO (17.02)H O(38.33) in weight % oxides. Taking eleven oxygen ions, one can calculate from this data the empirical formula is: Mg (HBO) (CO)∙4.91H O. A canavesite infrared spectrum is unlike that of well known families. It has bands near 3500, 1450, and 1000 cm-1 looks almost like OH. With a dilute HCl at or near room temperature canavesite will produce tiny bubbles of gas and foam with hissing sounds. The molecular formula has not been obtained for canavesite. The approximate density was obtained using the heavy liquid method, which shows a density of 1.8 g cm.

## Occurrence

The Vola Gera tunnel in the Brosso mine is located in a village northwest of Ivrea, Piedmont, Italy in Canavese district. The mine was initially a pyrite mine but it was abandoned. It is a well known mine for fine minerals that build up between the zone where monzonite stock and marbles interbedded in the mica schists of the Sesia-Lanzo zone. Mineralization of boron within magnetite skarns were first reported by Giussani and Vighi in 1964. There has since been more canavesite discovered in New Jersey at the Sterling Mine. They are the only two places that have been known to produce the secondary mineral.

## Physical properties

Canavesite occurs as a milky rosette-like aggregates of very thin elongated fibers on surfaces and along fractures of ludwigite and magnetite skarns. Canavesite is an exceptionally rare secondary mineral that forms on the walls of the abandoned mine of Brosso, Italy and has formed since the mine was abandoned due to weathering of these ludwigite and magnetite skarns. Canvesite has a monoclinic P 2/m crystal structure and does not fluoresce under an ultraviolent light. It also has thin and slightly flexible vitreous fibers that are elongated parallel to. Some crystal may show pseudohexagonal prismatic habit, but these cases are rare. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern strongest lines are 9.54(100)202, 8.12(40)(201), 7.80(18)(102,301), 4.56(21)(501,503), and 3.11(19)(407).


Aldo Kalulu

# Aldo Kalulu

## Abstract

Aldo-Nsawila Kalulu Kyatengwa (born 21 January 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder and striker for Serbian club Partizan. Born in France, he plays for the DR Congo national team.

## Early life

Kalulu was born in Lyon, France, and is Congolese by descent. His father was born in Kabimba, Belgian Congo, and his mother in Likasi, Congo-Léopoldville. He acquired French nationality on 26 December 2000 through the collective effect of his parents' naturalization.

## Club career

### Lyon

Kalulu is a youth exponent from Lyon. He made his Ligue 1 debut on 12 September 2015 against Lille OSC replacing Jordan Ferri after 78 minutes in a 0–0 home draw.

He scored his first goal against Bastia on 23 September 2015, assisted by Steed Malbranque.

### Basel

On 26 June 2018 FC Basel announced that they had signed Kalulu on a three-year deal until June 2021. Kalulu joined Basel's first team for their 2018–19 season under head coach Raphaël Wicky and later Marcel Koller. After playing in three test games Kalulu played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in the St. Jakob-Park on 21 July 2018 as Basel were defeated 1–2 by St. Gallen. He scored his first goal for his new club on 18 August in the Swiss Cup away game as Basel won 3–0 against amateur club FC Montlingen.

Under trainer Marcel Koller Basel won the Swiss Cup in the 2018–19 season. In the first round Basel beat FC Montlingen 3–0, in the second round Echallens Région 7–2 and in the round of 16 Winterthur 1–0. In the quarter-finals Sion were defeated 4–2 after extra time and in the semi-finals Zürich were defeated 3–1. All these games were played away from home. The final was held on 19 May 2019 in the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf Bern against Thun. Striker Albian Ajeti scored the first goal, Fabian Frei the second for Basel, then Dejan Sorgić netted a goal for Thun, but the result remained 2–1 for Basel. Kalulu played in four cup games and scored that one game mentioned above.

In the first half of the season Kalulu played regularly, however, in the second half of the season he had just seven appearances and these as substitute. Therefore the club looked for a new solution.

On 5 August 2019, Kalulu signed for EFL Championship club Swansea City on a season-long loan with an option to buy at the end of the season.

Swansea did not pull the option and so Kalulu returned to Basel for their 2020–21 season under new head coach Ciriaco Sforza. However, things did not improve for the striker, he made only 12 appearances and this as substitute. At the end of this season his contract expired and he left the club. Between the years 2018 and 2021 Kalulu played a total of 51 games for Basel scoring just three goals. 27 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, five in the Swiss Cup, four in the UEFA competitions (Champions League and Europa League) and 15 were friendly games. He scored one goal in the cup and the other two during the test games.

### Sochaux

On 29 June 2021, he returned to Sochaux and signed a three-year contract.

### Partizan

On 20 July 2023 it was announced that Kalulu signed a 3-year contract with FK Partizan. He made his debut on 29 July in the first round of the 2023–24 Serbian SuperLiga campaign against TSC, entering the game in the 54th minute and receiving a red card in the 95th minute. Kalulu scored his debut goal against Napredak which sent the team to the top of the Serbian SuperLiga after 18 months. Kalulu scored the opening goal in the match against Radnički Kragujevac with an assist from Matheus Saldanha. On 9 March 2024 Aldo Kalulu scored the second goal for Partizan in the 172nd Eternal derby, which ended 2–2.

## International career

Kalulu is a former youth international for France at U18 level. He debuted for the DR Congo national team in a 3–1 2023 Africa Cup of Nations qualification win over Mauritania on 24 March 2023.

## Personal life

Aldo Kalulu is the older brother of footballers Gédéon Kalulu, Pierre Kalulu and Joseph Kalulu.

Aldo Kalulu is a big fan of Basketball and an avid fan of the San Antonio Spurs.

## Career statistics

## Honours

Basel

- Swiss Cup: 2018–19


Dash Shaw

# Dash Shaw

## Abstract

Dash Shaw is an American comic book writer/artist and animator. He is the author of the graphic novels Cosplayers, Doctors, New School, and Bottomless Belly Button, published by Fantagraphics. Additionally, Shaw has written Love Eats Brains published by Odd God Press, GardenHead published by Meathaus, The Mother's Mouth published by Alternative Comics, and BodyWorld published by Pantheon Books.

Shaw's comic short stories have appeared in many different anthologies, newspapers and magazines. His square-sized short stories were collected in the 2005 book GoddessHead published by Hidden Agenda Press. His comics are known for their emphasis on emotional, lyrical logic and innovative design. He was named one of the top ten artists to check out at the 2002 "Small Press Expo" when he was 19 years old. He also writes lyrics and plays with James Blanca in the weirdo pop band Love Eats Brains! and has co-written and acted in various short film projects.

Shaw is the director of the animated features My Entire High School Sinking into the Sea (2016) and Cryptozoo (2021).

## Early life

Shaw studied at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, graduating with a BFA in Illustration in 2005.

## Career

Throughout college and since, Shaw has published sequential art short stories in a variety of publications in the United States and abroad, plus numerous magazine illustrations.

Shaw's Bottomless Belly Button was published by Fantagraphics in June 2008. His BodyWorld webcomic was bought by Pantheon Books and published in a single printed volume in April 2010.

Bottomless, an exhibition of Shaw's original drawings, storyboards, color background overlays and a new video animation, was on display at Duke University 's John Hope Franklin Center from September 25 through October 31, 2008.

In the years following Bottomless Belly Button, Shaw published numerous short stories in comics form, and serialized the science-fiction story BodyWorld on dashshaw.com. It received an Eisner Award nomination for Best Digital Comic in 2009.

Late 2009 saw the release by Fantagraphics of The Unclothed Man In the 35th Century A.D., a collection of short stories that Shaw had previously published in MOME, along with several pages of storyboards and other ephemera from his animated shorts for IFC.

In 2010, Pantheon Books released the collected chapters of BodyWorld in the form of a graphic novel,

In 2013, releases from Shaw included the zine-style mini-comic New Jobs (Uncivilized Books), the comic-book length shorts collection 3 New Stories (Fantagraphics), and Shaw's next graphic novel, New School (Fantagraphics). New School takes place on an island preparing for an influx of English-speaking tourists upon the completion of a massive theme park depicting periods throughout history. It follows two brothers, one who has taken a job teaching English to island locals and another who has come to retrieve his sibling. In the course of the book, both brothers experience alienation from their surroundings and conflicts with the locals. NPR called New School "striking and enigmatic," while Publishers Weekly described the book as "an unusual combination of bildungsroman, travelogue, and intellectual thriller."

Shaw produced the three-part miniseries Clue: Candlestick for IDW comics in 2019.

## Technique and materials

Shaw employs a combination of hand drawing, animation techniques and Photoshop to produce his artwork. Shaw started working on acetate sheets while studying at the School of Visual Arts. Pointing to pre- Photoshop comics that were colored via clear celluloid containing the black line art, under which would be placed a board with the painted colors, Shaw explains that he took this process and combined it with animation -style use of celluloid, where the backs of the acetate are painted with gouache and laid over a painted background, in addition to color separations where black line art is used to mark the different colors. In addition to using hand-drawing media such as crow quill pens, colored pencils, and markers, Shaw incorporates collage, Photoshop, and painting directly over photocopies, though he does not work with a separate line art layer, preferring to treat black as simply another color, and not a separate or more important element. On BodyWorld, for example, Shaw did the color separations by hand, used the paint bucket tool in Photoshop to color the shapes, and then printed it out and painted over the photocopy, before scanning it again and making final adjustments in Photoshop to achieve the final art.

Shaw explains that his key motive is combining what he likes about hand drawing with the processes available in Photoshop. He has stated that he does not own a drawing tablet, and that his actual knowledge of Photoshop is limited, compared to most mainstream colorists who rely on it exclusively, explaining, "that coloring leaves me cold."

## Animation

His animation influences include Winsor McCay, Osamu Tezuka (in particular his work on Astroboy), and other 60s anime shows like Speed Racer, the 1973 cult films Belladonna of Sadness and Fantastic Planet, limited animation (including A Charlie Brown Christmas), Ralph Bakshi and Suzan Pitt.

Shaw's first animated feature film My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea had its world premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) in September 2016 and was also shown at the New York Film Festival (NYFF). It features the voices of Jason Schwartzman, Lena Dunham, Reggie Watts, Maya Rudolph and Susan Sarandon.

He was also responsible for the "comic book" scenes in John Cameron Mitchell 's 2010 film Rabbit Hole and the animated dream sequence on an episode of the controversial Netflix series 13 Reasons Why alongside Jane Samborski.

### Cryptozoo

His next feature Cryptozoo, about 1960s San Francisco zookeepers trying to capture a mysterious creature, was released in early 2021 at the Sundance Film Festival where it won the NEXT Innovator Award. It was also nominated for the John Cassavetes Award at the 37th Independent Spirit Awards.

## Works

### Graphic novels

- Bottomless Belly Button (Fantagraphics, 2008)

- BodyWorld (Pantheon Books, 2009)

- New School (Fantagraphics, 2013)

- Doctors (Fantagraphics, 2014)

- Cosplayers (Fantagraphics, 2016)

- Clue: Candlestick (IDW Comics, 2019)

- Discipline (New York Review Comics, 2021)

- Blurry (New York Review Comics, 2024)

### Comics and story collections

- GardenHead (Meathaus, 2002)

- Love Eats Brains! A Zombie Romance (Odd God Press, 2004)

- GoddessHead (Hidden Agenda Press, 2005)

- The Mother's Mouth (Alternative Comics, 2006)

- Virginia (Ça et Là, 2009)

- The Unclothed Man In the 35th Century A.D. (Fantagraphics, 2009)

- "Dr. Strange vs. Nightmare" story in Strange Tales #1 (Marvel, 2009)

- Spider-man story in Strange Tales II #1 (Marvel, 2010)

- New Jobs (Uncivilized Books, 2013)

- 3 New Stories (Fantagraphics, 2013)

- A Cosplayers Christmas (Fantagraphics, 2016)

- Structures 57-66 (Uncivilized Books, 2019)

- Courier (Bomb Magazine, 2024)

### Covers only

- Go-Bots #1 Cover C (IDW Comics, 2018)

- Go-Bots #2 Cover B (IDW Comics, 2018)

- Go-Bots #3 Cover B (IDW Comics, 2018)

### Short animations

- The Unclothed Man in the 35th Century A.D. (IFC.com animated series, 2009)

- Blind Date 4 (2011)

- Wheel of Fortune (2012)

- Seraph (Sigur Rós music video, cowritten with John Cameron Mitchell, 2012)

### Films

- My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea (2016)

- Cryptozoo (2021)

### Other work

#### As illustrator

- My Beautiful Despair: The Philosophy of Kim Kierkegaardashian (Gallery Books, 2018)


Chromosome 7

# Chromosome 7

## Abstract

Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, who normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 7 spans about 160 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

## Genes

### Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 7. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.

### Gene list

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 7. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.

- AASS: encoding enzyme Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial

- ACTR3B: actin-related protein 3B

- AEBP1: AE binding protein 1

- AGK: encoding enzyme mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase

- ARHGEF35: encoding protein Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 35

- AVL9: encoding protein Avl9 cell migration associated

- BCAP29: B-cell receptor-associated protein 29

- BCC6: encoding protein basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 6

- BRAT1: BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1

- C7orf25: protein UPF0415

- C7orf31: chromosome 7 open reading frame 31

- CALU: Calumenin

- CCL24: encoding protein C-C motif chemokine ligand 24

- CDCA7L: Cell division cycle-associated 7-like protein

- CFTR: anion channel membrane protein

- CNOT4: CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4

- CPED1: cadherin like and PC-esterase domain containing 1

- CPVL: carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic like

- CROT: Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

- DDX56: DEAD-box helicase 56

- DMTF1: Cyclin D binding myb like transcription factor 1

- ECOP: EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein

- EEPD1: encoding protein Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain containing 1

- EGFR-AS1: encoding protein EGFR antisense RNA 1

- EZH2: encoding enzyme histone-lysine N-methyltransferase for histone h3 lysine 27

- FAM71F2: family with sequence similarity 71 member F2

- FAM185A: family with sequence similarity 185 member A

- FAM200A: family with sequence similarity 200 member A

- FBXO24: F-box only protein 24

- GBAS: Glioblastoma amplified sequence; Protein NipSnap homolog 2

- GET4: encoding protein GET4

- GLCCI1: Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 protein

- HOXA@: encoding protein Homeobox a cluster

- HOXA10-HOXA9: readthrough gene unlikely to produce a protein product

- HPC4: Prostate cancer, hereditary, 4

- ICA1: islet cell autoantigen 1

- ING3: inhibitor of growth protein 3

- INTS1: encoding protein Integrator complex subunit 1

- IQCE: IQ domain-containing protein E

- KDM7A: encoding protein Lysine demethylase 7A

- LCHN: protein encoded by the KIAA1147 gene

- LHFPL3: LHFPL tetraspan subfamily member 3

- LINC01003: encoding long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1003

- LRRC17: leucine-rich repeat containing protein 17

- LRRC61: encoding protein Leucine rich repeat containing 61

- LRRD1: encoding protein Leucine-rich repeats and death domain containing 1

- LSM5: U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated

- LUC7L2: putative RNA-binding protein Luc7-like 2

- MACC1: encoding protein Macc1, met transcriptional regulator

- MAP11: encoding protein Microtubule-associated protein 11

- MDFIC: MyoD family inhibitor domain containing

- METTL2B: methyltransferase-like protein 2B

- MINDY4: MINDY lysine 48 deubiquitinase 4

- MIR93: encoding protein MicroRNA 93

- MIR148A: encoding protein MicroRNA 148a

- MIR196B: encoding protein MicroRNA 196b

- MIR548F4: encoding protein MicroRNA 548f-4

- MIR96: microRNA 96

- MOSPD3: motile sperm domain containing 3

- MTERF: mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1

- MTRNR2L6: encoding protein MT-RNR2-like 6

- NOM1: nucleolar protein with MIF4G domain 1

- NUDCD3: NudC domain-containing protein 3

- NUPL2: nucleoporin-like 2

- NXPH1: neurexophilin-1

- OPN1SW: blue-sensitive opsin

- PDAP1: PDGFA associated protein 1

- PHTF2: putative homeodomain transcription factor 2

- PLOD3: procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3

- POM121: POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin

- POP7: ribonuclease P protein subunit p20

- PPP1R17: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17

- PSPH: phosphoserine phosphatase

- PURB: purine-rich element binding protein B

- PVRIG: encoding protein Poliovirus receptor related immunoglobulin domain containing

- RADIL: ras-associating and dilute domain-containing protein

- RASA4B: encoding protein RAS p21 protein activator 4B

- RCP9: DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RCP9

- REPIN1: replication initiator 1

- RNF216-IT1: encoding protein RNF216 intronic transcript 1

- SCIN: scinderin

- SCRN1: secernin 1

- SEMA3E: encoding protein Semaphorin 3E

- SOSTDC1: sclerostin domain containing 1

- SPDYE1: speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member E1

- SSC4D: scavenger receptor cysteine rich family member with 4 domains

- STEAP1: six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1

- STEAP2: six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 2

- STEAP4: six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4

- STYXL1: serine/threonine/tyrosine-interacting-like protein 1

- SUMF2: sulatase-modifying factor 2

- SYPL1: synaptophysin-like protein 1

- TARP: TCR gamma alternate reading frame protein

- TBRG4: transforming growth factor beta regulator 4

- TECPR1 encoding protein Tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1

- TMED4: transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 4

- TMEM130: transmembrane protein 130

- TMEM196 encoding protein Transmembrane protein 196

- TMEM243: encoding protein Transmembrane protein 243

- TNRC18: encoding protein Trinucleotide repeat containing 18

- TRBC1 encoding protein T cell receptor beta constant 1

- TRBC2 encoding protein T cell receptor beta constant 2

- TRGV1: encoding protein T cell receptor gamma variable 1 (non-functional)

- TRIL: TRL4 interactor with leucine rich repeats

- UPK3B: encoding protein Uroplakin 3B

- URG4: up-regulated gene 4

- WBSCR17: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17

- WDR91 encoding protein WD repeat domain 91

- WEE2-AS1: encoding protein WEE2 antisense RNA 1

- XKR5: encoding protein XK, Kell blood group complex subunit-related family, member 5

- ZC3HAV1: zinc finger CCCH-type containing

- ZC3HC1: zinc finger C3HC-type containing 1

- ZNF106: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 106

- ZNF117: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 117

- ZNF394: zinc finger protein 394

- ZNF398: zinc finger protein 398

- ZNF679: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 679

- ZNF716: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 716

- ZNF727: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 727

- ZNF786: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 786

- ZNF853: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 853

- ZKSCAN1: zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 1

- ZKSCAN5: zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 5

- ZMIZ2: zinc finger MIZ domain-containing protein 2

- ZNF277P: zinc finger protein 277

- ZRF1: DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C2

- ZSCAN21: zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 21

## Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 7:

- 7p22.1 microduplication syndrome

- argininosuccinic aciduria

- cerebral cavernous malformation

- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

- Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3

- Citrullinemia, type II, adult-onset,

- congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens

- cystic fibrosis

- Developmental verbal dyspraxia

- distal spinal muscular atrophy, type V

- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

- hemochromatosis, type 3

- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC4

- Lissencephaly syndrome, norman-roberts type

- Marfan syndrome

- maple syrup urine disease

- maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3

- mucopolysaccharidosis type VII or Sly syndrome

- Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 1D

- myelodysplastic syndrome

- Myotonia congenita

- nonsyndromic deafness

- osteogenesis imperfecta

- p47-phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease

- Pectus excavatum

- Pendred syndrome

- Romano–Ward syndrome

- Shwachman–Diamond syndrome

- Schizophrenia

- Silver-Russell syndrome

- Specific language impairment

- Tritanopia or tritanomaly color blindness

- Williams syndrome

- Zellweger syndrome

## Chromosomal disorders

The following conditions are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 7:

- Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of genetic material from a portion of the long (q) arm of chromosome 7. The deleted region, which is located at position 11.23 (written as 7q11.23), is designated as the Williams syndrome critical region. This region includes more than 20 genes, and researchers believe that the characteristic features of Williams syndrome are probably related to the loss of multiple genes in this region.

While a few of the specific genes related to Williams syndrome have been identified, the relationship between most of the genes in the deleted region and the signs and symptoms of Williams syndrome is unknown.

- Other changes in the number or structure of chromosome 7 can cause delayed growth and development, mental disorder, characteristic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, delayed speech, and other medical problems. These changes include an extra copy of part of chromosome 7 in each cell (partial trisomy 7) or a missing segment of the chromosome in each cell (partial monosomy 7). In some cases, several DNA building blocks (nucleotides) are deleted or duplicated in part of chromosome 7. A circular structure called ring chromosome 7 is also possible. A ring chromosome occurs when both ends of a broken chromosome are reunited.

## Cytogenetic band

## In popular culture

### Novels

In the novel Performance Anomalies, researchers at Stanford University identify mutations in the long (q) arm of chromosome 7 as underlying the accelerated nervous system of the spy protagonist Cono, who receives the moniker Cono 7Q


Samsung TV Plus

# Samsung TV Plus

## Abstract

Samsung TV Plus is a free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) service owned by Samsung Electronics that was first introduced in 2015. The platform was designed to provide free, live streaming content for users with Samsung devices.

As of 2022, the service was available in 24 countries and is viewable within a multitude of Samsung products due to its integration with the Tizen operating system. Samsung TV Plus was one of the five most-used apps on the company's smart TVs in September 2020.

## Programming

The service currently has over 200 live channels, each grouped into various categories. Channels available in the United States have included:

### News

- CBS News 24/7 – Channel No. 1110

- LiveNOW from Fox – Channel No. 1116

- ABC News Live – Channel No. 1112

- NBC News NOW – Channel No. 1114

- Bloomberg TV + UHD – Channel No. 1155

- Yahoo! Finance – Channel No. 1165

- Newsmax – Channel No. 1170

- Real America's Voice – Channel No. 1175

- TYT Network – Channel No. 1185

- Fox Weather - Channel No. 1130

- Scripps News - Channel No. 1119

- Bloomberg Originals - Channel No. 1160

- BBC News - Channel No. 1140

- Sky News - Channel No.1145

- CBC News - Channel No.1150

- The First - Channel No.1180

### Entertainment

- ALL ACTION – Channel No. 1050

- ION – Channel No. 1051

- Stories by AMC – Channel No. 1052

- TV Land Drama – Channel No. 1055

- Heartland – Channel No. 1058

- Drama Life – Channel No. 1060

- Bounce XL – Channel No. 1061

- ION Plus – Channel No. 1062

- The Walking Dead – Channel No. 1065 – includes other The Walking Dead franchise content

- 21 Jump Street – Channel No. 1066

- Degrassi – Channel No. 1067

- Lucky Dog – Channel No. 1068

- The Bob Ross Channel – Channel No. 1069

- Clarity 4K – Channel No. 1070

- Danger TV – Channel No. 1072

- Magellan TV Now – Channel No. 1073

- ElectricNOW – Channel No. 1074

- Nosey – Channel No. 1078

- REELZ Famous & Infamous – Channel No. 1080

- Circle Country – Channel No. 1425

- Shades of Black – Channel No. 1084

- Backstage – Channel No. 1085

- VICE – Channel No. 1086

- Revry – Channel No. 1089

- Shout! Factory – Channel No. 1090

- Dove Channel – Channel No. 1091

- Chicken Soup for the Soul – Channel No. 1092

- MHz Now – Channel No. 1096

- Brat TV – Channel No. 1101

- Mixible – Channel No. 1103

- Fox Soul – Channel No. 1104

- People TV – Channel No. 1105

- Rotten Tomatoes – Channel No. 1106

- Hollywire – Channel No. 1107

- Grit Xtra – Channel No. 1111

- Cowboy Way – Channel No. 1112

- Fireplace 4K – Channel No. 1221

- INFAST – Channel No. 1237

- TV Land Sitcoms – Channel No. 1326

- BET (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1059

### Movies

- The Movie Hub – Channel No. 1450

- Paramount Movie Channel – Channel No. 1452

- Hallmark Movies & More – Channel No. 1455

- Holiday Movie Favorites by Lifetime – Channel No. 1456

- MovieSphere – Channel No. 1457

- FilmRise Free Movies – Channel No. 1459

- Pluto TV Fantastic – Channel No. 1461

- FilmRise Action – Channel No. 1463

- Documentary+ – Channel No. 1466

- Maverick Black Cinema – Channel No. 1468

- Gravitas Movies – Channel No. 1474

- CINEVAULT: Classics – Channel No. 1478

- CINEVAULT: 80’s – Channel No. 1479

- CINEVAULT: Westerns – Channel No. 1482

- Pluto TV Westerns – Channel No. 1484

- FilmRise Western – Channel No. 1488

- The Preview Channel – Channel No. 1491

- Home.Made.Nation – Channel No. 1216

### Reality and Infotainment

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- All-Out Reality – Channel No. 1230

- Duck Dynasty – Channel No. 1232 – includes other Duck Commander content

- Deal Zone – Channel No. 1233

- Ice Road Truckers – Channel No. 1234

- Ax Men – Channel No. 1235

- Skills + Thrills – Channel No. 1236

- All Weddings WE TV – Channel No. 1238

- All Reality WE TV – Channel No. 1239

- Hell’s Kitchen – Channel No. 1240 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- Kitchen Nightmares – Channel No. 1241 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- The Hotel Inspector – Channel No. 1242

- Project Runway – Channel No. 1243

- Operation Repo – Channel No. 1244

- MTV (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1245

- Love & Hip Hop – Channel No. 1246

- The Challenge – Channel No. 1247

- Dallas Cowboys Cheer – Channel No. 1248

- Perform – Channel No. 1249

- Dance Moms – Channel No. 1250

- Matched Married Meet – Channel No. 1251

- IGN – Channel No. 1351

- Minecraft – Channel No. 1363

- Samsung Wild Life Channel No. 1400

- Military Heroes – Channel No. 1402

- Modern Marvels – Channel No. 1403

- Love Nature 4K – Channel No. 1404

- TED – Channel No. 1405

- PBS Digital Studios – Channel No. 1406

- Xplore – Channel No. 1407

- Rovr.Pets – Channel No. 1409

- InWonder – Channel No. 1410

- WeatherSpy – Channel No. 1412

- Stingray Naturescape – Channel No. 1415

- WWE Superstar Central By A&E - Channel No. 2904

### Food and Drink

- Plated – Channel No. 1200

- Tastemade – Channel No. 1201

- Bon Appetit – Channel No. 1202

- Gusto TV – Channel No. 1203

- America’s Test Kitchen – Channel No. 1204

- Hungry – Channel No. 1206

- Tastemade Travel – Channel No. 1207

- Journy – Channel No. 1208

- Home Refresh – Channel No. 1209

- Million Dollar Listing – Channel No. 1210

- Tiny House Nation – Channel No. 1211

- Antiques Roadshow – Channel No. 1212

- This Old House – Channel No. 1213

- This Old House Makers.- Channel No. 1214

- The Design Network – Channel No. 1215

- BBC Home – Channel No. 1217

- BBC Food – Channel No. 1218

- Tastemade Home – Channel No. 1219

- Loupe 4K – Channel No. 1220

- QVC – Channel No. 1223

- HSN – Channel No. 1224

- Localish – Channel No. 1226

### Sports

- MLB Channel - Channel No. 1001

- CBS Sports HQ – Channel No. 1152

- T2 – Channel No. 1154

- GOLFPASS – Channel No. 1155

- beIN SPORTS XTRA – Channel No. 1157

- fubo Sports Network – Channel No. 1158

- Stadium – Channel No. 1159

- Pac-12 Insider – Channel No. 1161

- ACC Digital Network – Channel No. 1162

- Origin Sports – Channel No. 1163

- TNA Wrestling – Channel No. 1164

- FTF – Channel No. 1167

- EDGEsport – Channel No. 1169

- SURF NOW TV – Channel No. 1173

- Outside – Channel No. 1178

- FUEL TV – Channel No. 1179

- Whistle TV – Channel No. 1180

- People Are Awesome – Channel No. 1181

- Outdoor America – Channel No. 1182

- Waypoint TV – Channel No. 1184

- Pursuit UP – Channel No. 1185

- World Poker Tour – Channel No. 1187

- Ride or Drive – Channel No. 1188

- Top Gear – Channel No. 1189

- MAVTV Select – Channel No. 1190

- PowerNation – Channel No. 1191

- MotorTrend Fast TV – Channel No. 1192

- NHRA TV – Channel No. 1193

- MOTORVISION.TV – Channel No. 1194

- Cars – Channel No. 1195

- Torque – Channel No. 1196

- Fox Sports - Channel No 2334

- Dome - Channel No. 1003

- NBC Sports - Channel No 2338

- DraftKings - Channel No.2358

- SportsGrid -Channel No. 2362

### Game shows

- BUZZR – Channel No. 1139

- Game Show Central – Channel No. 1141

- Deal or No Deal – Channel No. 1143

- Fear Factor – Channel No. 1144

- Wipeout Xtra – Channel No. 1145

- Wild 'n Out – Channel No. 1147

- Supermarket Sweep – Channel No. 1142

### Kids

{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|

- PBS Kids – Channel No. 1376

- Nickelodeon (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1379

- Moonbug Kids – Channel No. 1383

- The LEGO Channel – Channel No. 1385

- pocket.watch – Channel No. 1389

- Toon Goggles – Channel No. 1391

- TG Junior – Channel No. 1392

- Kidoodle.TV – Channel No. 1395

- ZooMoo – Channel No. 1398

- Hot Wheels Action - Channel No. 3614

- Fireman Sam - Channel No. 3636

- My Little Pony - Channel No 3653

- Barbie and friends - Channel No. 3613

- Blippi - Channel No.3630

## Availability

Samsung TV Plus has been pre-installed on all Samsung TVs since 2016. Since April 2021, the service has also been available on Samsung mobile devices (available from the Galaxy Store) and Smart monitors. Select Family Hub refrigerators can also be connected to Samsung TV Plus in the U.S. and Korea.

In January 2023, Samsung announced it was rolling out Samsung TV Plus onto non-Samsung TVs in the form of an installable app, specifically in an integration with TCL TVs.


Miss Grand International 2024

# Miss Grand International 2024

## Abstract

Miss Grand International 2024 will be the 12th edition of the Miss Grand International pageant on 2024 in Bangkok, Thailand and Cambodia.

Luciana Fuster of Peru will crown her successor at the end of the event.

## Background

### Location and date

In June 2022, the president of the contest, Nawat Itsaragrisil, stated that the host country for Miss Grand International 2025 was already decided but could not be revealed at the moment due to a contractual agreement, while the host country for the 2024 edition was in the process of negotiation.

The mutual agreement between the 2024 host country, Myanmar, and the Miss Grand International PCL was reached in July 2022 with the memorandum of understanding between the Myanmar local organizer, Glamorous International, and the MGI PCL, signed in early 2023, at the MGI Hall, Bangkok, Thailand. It was then officially announced on the grand final stage of Miss Grand International 2023 on 25 October 2023; however, Miss Grand International Organization later announced on 22 May 2024 that Myanmar was no longer the host country for the contest due to domestic political crisis. Cambodia and Thailand were elected as the replacements.

### Selection of participants

Three delegates, Canada, Egypt and Portugal, won their titles as a supplemental title in a multiple-award national pageant. Twenty-four delegates, Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Paraguay, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Venezuela, were appointed to their titles without competing in a 2024 national pageant.

### Debuts, returns and withdrawals

There is no Offical News about featuring Debuts. More News will be updated.This edition has the returns of Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire which last competed in 2014. Lithuania in 2017. Norway and Tanzania in 2018. Estonia and Macau in 2019. Finland in 2020. Sweden in 2021, and Bangladesh, China, Curaçao, Pakistan, Portugal and Sri Lanka last competed in 2022.

## Contestants

These are the currently confirmed contestants:


Gonzalo Vega (footballer)

# Gonzalo Vega (footballer)

## Abstract

Diego Gonzalo Vega Martínez (born 29 June 1992) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Montevideo Wanderers.

## Career

Vega grew up in the Nacional youth system. On 29 April 2012, he made his professional debut on a 0-1 away win against El Tanque Sisley, subsitituing Maximiliano Calzada in the 82 minute. He was never able to be part of the first eleven and therefore was sent on loan to Centro Atlético Fénix.

In mid 2014, he went on loan for a season to Rampla Juniors to play more matches.

In mid 2015, he was transferred to Sud América where he played 35 matches and scored 6 goals.

In January 2018, he was signed a three-year deal with Puskás Akadémia FC of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I.


Murrinh-patha language

# Murrinh-patha language

## Abstract

Murrinh-patha (or Murrinhpatha, literally 'language-good'), called Garama by the Jaminjung, is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by over 2,000 people, most of whom live in Wadeye in the Northern Territory, where it is the dominant language of the community. It is spoken by the Murrinh-Patha people, as well as several other peoples whose languages are extinct or nearly so, including the Mati Ke and Marri-Djabin. It is believed to be the most widely spoken Australian Aboriginal language not belonging to the Pama-Nyungan language family.

## Names

Murrinh-patha can also be spelled Murrinh Patha, Murrinh-Patha, Murinbada, Murinbata, and Garama. Garama is the Jaminjung name for the language and its speakers. Murrinh-patha literally means 'language-good'.

## Dialects

There are three similar dialects of the Murrinh-Patha language, namely Murrinhdiminin, Murrinhkura, and Murrinhpatha.

## Status

For the Murrinh-Patha speakers, their language is more than a set of rules and a specific grammar. It is very closely tied with or determines for them their land, identity, associations and relation to the surrounding.

Because of its role as the lingua franca in the region, Murrinh-patha is one of the few Australian Aboriginal languages whose number of speakers has increased and whose usage has expanded over the past generation. Unlike many indigenous languages (particularly those of eastern Australia), children are actively acquiring the language and there is a language dictionary and grammar, and there have been portions of the Bible published in Murrinh-Patha from 1982–1990. This renders Murrinh-patha one of Australia's few indigenous languages that is not endangered. Additionally, Murrinh-Patha is taught in schools and all locals are encouraged to learn it due to the wide range of use and functions of the language locally.

Murrinh-Patha is the most common language used in day-to-day life by Aboriginal people in Wadeye, and many young people are fluent only in Murrinh-Patha. Aboriginal people who have recently married into Wadeye generally take a few years to acquire the new language. There is a near-total lack of acquisition of Murrinh-Patha by European Australians. Only a few can speak or understand it, and medium-term residents of Wadeye generally learn a few words at most.

Murrinh-Patha is also the main language of Palumpa, located 50 km away from Wadeye and not in traditionally Murrinh-Patha-speaking territory. It also spoken by some residents of Daly River and of aboriginal neighborhoods around Darwin.

## Classification

Murrinh-Patha was once thought to be a language isolate, based on comparisons of lexical data: at most 11% of its vocabulary is shared with any other language it has been tested against. However, its verbal inflections correspond closely to those of another language, Ngan’gityemerri (Ngan’gi). Green (2003) makes a case that the formal correspondences in core morphological sequences of the finite verbs of the two languages are too similar (in their complexities and their irregularities) to have come about through anything other than shared descent from a common parent language; the two languages make up the Southern Daly language family. Nonetheless, other than having cognates in their finite-verb morphology and in their words for 'thou' (nhinhi and nyinyi) and 'this' (kanhi and kinyi), they have little vocabulary in common, though their grammatical structures are very similar. It is not clear what could explain this discrepancy.

Similarly, although differing in vocabulary, Murrinh-Patha and the moribund Marringarr language share syntax structure.

## Phonology

### Vowels

The vowel system is very simple, with four vowels.

These vowel phonemes are usually pronounced. There is no vowel length, and little difference in vowel length between stressed and unstressed syllables, although word-final vowels are often significantly lengthened. Neighboring consonants likely do affect vowel quality, but word position and stress seem not to.

### Consonants

Murrinh-Patha has a "long and flat" array of consonants like most Australian Aboriginal phonologies, with six places of articulation (bilabial, lamino-dental, alveolar, post-alveolar retroflex, palatal and velar), but only a limited range of contrastive manners of articulation. There are oral obstruents and nasal stops at all points of articulation; however there are no phonemic fricatives. The alveolar and retroflex places of articulation are both articulated in an apical way, the dental and palatal consonants are both laminal, and the velar and bilabial consonants form a natural class of peripheral consonants.

The presence of voicing distinctions in Murrinh-Patha is highly unusual among Australian Aboriginal languages, however it is worth noting that voicing contrasts are restricted in their distribution.

The consonant table uses the orthography used by researchers, as opposed to the one used most often by the community. The orthography used by the speaker community differs from the research orthography in that the community orthography represents dentals and palatals the same way, both ending with an 'h,' while the research orthography uses 'j' ('y' for nasals) to end palatals and 'h' to end dentals.

The community orthography represents dentals and palatals the same way because they were historically in largely complementary distribution. Dentals typically appear before the back vowels /a, u/, while palatals appear before the front vowels /i, ɛ/, and word-finally. There are, however, many exceptions to that rule in the case of plosives, including many borrowings and the non-borrowed noun classifier /cu/, used for fighting and weapons. On the other hand, in the case of nasals, the only word breaking this distributional rule identified by Mansfield is /pren ɲu/ 'brand new'.

Voiced sounds / d̪, ɡ / can commonly be realized as voiced fricative sounds.

## Grammar

### Morphology

Murrinh-Patha is a head-marking language with a complex verb generally considered to be polysynthetic. The sequencing of morphemes in the verb is highly structured, but the ordering of words in a sentence is largely free.

### Nouns

The Murrinh-Patha language displays extensive classifications both of nouns and verbs. Nouns are divided into ten classes or genders along roughly semantic lines, with some exceptions. Each noun class is associated with particles which must agree with the class.

### Pronouns

In Murrinh-Patha there are four categories which in total make up for 31 pronouns. The categories are: singular, dual, paucal (referring to 3 to 15 individuals) and plural (more than 15). While some of the pronouns stand on their own in the sentence structure, many are embodied in the middle of a verb.

### Verbs

Verbs occur in some 38 different conjugations. Each verb is morphologically complex, with the verb root surrounded by prefixes and suffixes identifying subject, object, tense, and mood; these affixes are different in the different conjugations.

### Arithmetics

Murrinh Patha only has words for numbers up to five.

### Syntax

Murrinh Patha has free word order.

## Examples

- kardu 'person'

- nanthi thay 'tree'

- ngarra da ngurran 'I'm going home'

- thangkunuma mi kanhi-yu? 'how much for the food?'

- ku were dirranngingarlbarl 'the dog is barking at me'

- nhinhi, nanku-nitha, nankungitha, nanku, nankuneme, nankungime, nanki 'you'

- ku yagurr 'lizard'

## Writing system

Murrinh-patha uses a Latin script.

## Resources

The Dictionary: English/Murrinh-Patha / compiled by Chester S Street with the assistance of Gregory Panpawa Mollingin (1983) is available online.


Survivor Greece season 12

# Survivor Greece season 12

## Abstract

The twelfth season of the popular reality show Survivor Greece, will premiere on September, 2024 on Skai TV in Greece and (via simulcast) on Sigma TV in Cyprus. Giorgos Lianos will return as host for his seventh consecutive season. In August 2024 the official trailer was released announcing the return of the show the autumn of 2024. it's the first time that the show will premiere earlier than January.

The format of the game changed raridly from the previous seasons, as the producers decided to follow the Mexican version of the show, who is also produced by Acun Medya.

## Contestants

The game began with eighteen contestants divided into two teams Tigreis and Aetoi.

## Ratings

Official ratings are taken from AGB Hellas.

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