The Penguin (TV series)

# The Penguin (TV series)

## Abstract

The Penguin is an upcoming American crime drama television miniseries created by Lauren LeFranc for HBO. Based on the DC Comics character Penguin, it is a spin-off from the film The Batman (2022) that explores the Penguin's rise to power in Gotham City 's criminal underworld. LeFranc serves as the showrunner of the series, which is produced by DC Studios in association with Warner Bros. Television.

Colin Farrell stars as the Penguin, reprising his role from The Batman, alongside Cristin Milioti and Rhenzy Feliz. Development was underway by September 2021, with LeFranc attached as writer, and Farrell was set to reprise his role later that year. HBO Max ordered the series in March 2022, after The Batman was released. That film's director, Matt Reeves, supervised the writing and was involved in hiring the creative team. Craig Zobel joined to direct the first three episodes in October, with Helen Shaver also directing. Filming began in March 2023 in New York, but was halted in June by the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes. Production resumed in late November and concluded in February 2024. The series moved from HBO Max's successor Max to HBO in July 2024.

The Penguin is scheduled to premiere in the United States on HBO on September 19, 2024, and is set to run for eight episodes until November 10, 2024.

## Premise

Set one week after the events of The Batman (2022), the series explores the rise to power of Oswald "Oz" Cobblepot / Penguin in Gotham City 's criminal underworld.

## Cast and characters

### Main

- Colin Farrell as Oswald "Oz" Cobb / Penguin: The disfigured former chief lieutenant of deceased crime boss Carmine Falcone who is on the rise to becoming a criminal kingpin in his own right. Farrell said the series would further explore the character's strength, awkwardness, and villainy as well as the "heartbroken man inside there" beyond his introduction in The Batman (2022).

- Cristin Milioti as Sofia Falcone: Carmine's daughter and a psychopathic serial killer who, after being released from Arkham Asylum, fights Oz for control of Gotham's criminal underworld

- Rhenzy Feliz as Victor Aguilar: A teenager who befriends Oz and becomes his driver

### Recurring

- Mark Strong as Carmine Falcone. Strong replaces John Turturro, who played the character in The Batman. Falcone appears in several flashbacks.

- Michael Kelly as Johnny Vitti: The underboss of the Falcone crime family

- Shohreh Aghdashloo as Nadia Maroni

- Deirdre O'Connell as Francis Cobb: Oz's mentally disturbed mother

- Clancy Brown as Salvatore Maroni: A mob boss and drug trafficker whose operation ended following a historic drug bust, in which Carmine was the informant

- James Madio as Milos Grapa: An enforcer for the Falcone family and Carmine's former bodyguard

- Scott Cohen as Luca Falcone

- Michael Zegen as Alberto Falcone: Carmine's son and Sofia's younger brother

- Theo Rossi as Julian Rush: A doctor

- Carmen Ejogo as Eve Karlo

Actors cast in undisclosed roles include François Chau, David H. Holmes, Craig Walker, and Jared Abrahamson.

## Episodes

Helen Shaver also served as a director.

## Production

### Development

By September 2021, HBO Max was in early development on a spin-off series from the film The Batman (2022) focusing on the character Oswald "Oz" Cobblepot / Penguin. The Batman director Matt Reeves had suggested to studio executives that a sequel film could explore the Penguin further, but they wanted to use the idea for a spin-off series instead. Lauren LeFranc was hired to write the series, while Reeves and The Batman producer Dylan Clark were set as executive producers through their respective production companies 6th & Idaho and Dylan Clark Productions. They had previously begun development on another spin-off series focused on the Gotham City Police Department (GCPD), but by early March 2022 that series had been put on hold in favor of spin-offs focused on existing comic book characters; of these, the Penguin series was the furthest along in development at that time. The GCPD series was no longer moving forward by July 2024, though some elements were integrated into the Penguin series. Reeves was unsure then whether he would be directing the series, which he said would come before a sequel to The Batman and could tie into that potential second film. Soon after, following The Batman ' s release, the limited series received a straight-to-series order from HBO Max using the working title The Penguin, with LeFranc confirmed to serve as showrunner and executive producer. 6th & Idaho's Daniel Pipski and Adam Kassan were also set as executive producers, along with Rafi Crohn as a co-executive producer. Star Colin Farrell said in July that Reeves would not be directing the series but was providing guidance on the structure of the scripts and was involved in choosing who would direct them. In October, Craig Zobel was hired to direct the first three episodes of the series and to serve as an executive producer.

After James Gunn and Peter Safran became the co-CEOs of DC Studios in November 2022, future projects for Reeves's The Batman shared universe were set to be overseen by that studio. Gunn had contacted Reeves about his projects by then. When announcing the first projects for the new DC franchise the DC Universe (DCU) in January 2023, Gunn said any project that did not fit into the DCU's shared universe would be labeled as " DC Elseworlds " moving forward. This is the same as how DC Comics uses the Elseworlds imprint to mark comic books that are separate from the main continuity. Reeves' Batman shared universe was set to be a part of this label, including The Penguin. Reeves and Clark refer to their shared universe as the "Batman Epic Crime Saga". Bill Carraro was set as an executive producer by the following month. The series consists of eight 60 minute-long episodes, totaling approximately six-to-eight hours of content. Farrell felt this length would provide time to explore Oz's origin story and would allow the series to be "endlessly fun", fascinating, and brutal, as it was intended to have a more mature interpretation; the series was ultimately confirmed to receive a TV-MA rating by the TV Parental Guidelines. In April 2023, the series was officially titled The Penguin and announced to be releasing on the streaming service Max, the successor to HBO Max. In December 2023, Helen Shaver was revealed to also be serving as a director.

### Writing

The series begins one week after the events of The Batman, following the flooding of Gotham City as depicted at the end of the film, which Farrell said made for a "very tricky, very dark story". The series occurs shortly before the events of the film's sequel The Batman – Part II (2026), establishing a "little fabric" of plans that would lead into that film. Farrell said the death of crime boss Carmine Falcone in The Batman had left a power vacuum within Gotham's criminal underworld, resulting in many different forces vying for power. He added the series would be "incredibly violent" and that Oz would face "extraordinary obstacles". Clark said it would show Oz's rise to power and compared the series to Scarface (1983). He added that the series was intended to be a standalone story from The Batman, and would enhance the experience of watching the film. Reeves cited The Long Good Friday (1980) as an additional influence, and said the series was about the American Dream, with Oz being "underestimated... nobody thinks he's capable of doing anything believes in himself with a visceral violence". Sarah Aubrey, the head of originals for HBO Max, said the goal for the series was to explore Oz's life that is rooted in the streets of Gotham and described him as "a hustler and a strategist with his own ambitions".

LeFranc, Erika L. Johnson, Noelle Valdivia, John McCutcheon, Breannah Gibson, Shaye Ogbonna, Nick Towne, and Vladimir Cvetko wrote episodes of the series. LeFranc had written the pilot script by early March 2022. She was then working on the remaining episodes, when the story for the first season had been finished. Farrell read the first episode by mid-October 2022 and called it tasty and unusual, and was excited to further explore the "bang up of Oz" that Reeves envisioned for the character. He was set to read the second and third episodes the following week. The scripts were completed by the start of May 2023.

### Casting

By the time development was revealed to be underway on the series in September 2021, Farrell had been approached about reprising his role as the Penguin from The Batman, but was not contractually obligated to reprise the role. By December, Farrell officially signed on to star in the series and serve as an executive producer on it. He described working with LeFranc as a similarly collaborative experience to working with Reeves on The Batman. In March 2022, Reeves said there was potential for other characters from the film to appear in the series. At the end of October, Cristin Milioti was cast as the female lead Sofia Falcone. In February 2023, Rhenzy Feliz was cast as Victor Aguilar, a lead role which was believed to be a teenager who befriends Cobblepot and becomes his driver. Later that month, Michael Kelly, Shohreh Aghdashloo, and Deirdre O'Connell were respectively cast as Johnny Vitti, Nadia Maroni, and Francis Cobb.

In March 2023, several actors were cast in recurring roles: Clancy Brown as Salvatore Maroni, Michael Zegen as Alberto Falcone, James Madio as Milos Grapa, Scott Cohen as Luca Falcone, and Theo Rossi as Dr. Julian Rush. Maroni was portrayed by an uncredited extra in The Batman. Carmen Ejogo, François Chau, and David H. Holmes were cast in recurring roles in April, with Ejogo playing Eve Karlo, while Craig Walker was revealed to have joined the series by November 2023. In January 2024, Jared Abrahamson was cast in an undisclosed "key" recurring role, and Mark Strong, who portrayed Thaddeus Sivana in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), was revealed in May to be appearing in the series.

Robert Pattinson was reported in February 2023 to be reprising his role as Bruce Wayne / Batman from The Batman in the series, although it was unclear if the character would appear as Batman or not. The following month, Gunn debunked speculation that the rights to prior Batman television series could prevent the Batman character from appearing in this series. Pattinson's appearance was reaffirmed in June 2024, when he was expected to appear in at least one episode. LeFranc said in August that Batman would not appear in the series.

### Design

Farrell said in February 2022 that Mike Marino, the makeup designer for The Batman, would return for the series, and he felt the makeup was subtly perfected more, allowing for him to freely explore beyond his facial features. Helen Huang served as the costume designer, and Kalina Ivanov served as the production designer. Reeves said Harvey Weinstein was an inspiration for the Penguin's appearance.

### Filming

Principal photography began on March 1, 2023, in New York City, using the working title Boss. Darran Tiernan served as the cinematographer for the three episodes directed by Zobel. Soundstage work occurred at Silvercup Studios North in Queens. Filming was set to take place in Westchester County, New York on May 16 when picketers participating in the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike caused production to shut down for the day. After further picketing the following day at the series' sets at a church in Harlem, Manhattan, and at Silvercup North that once again shut down filming, production was paused through May 18. Filming of smaller scenes took place the day after in Brooklyn. In June, production was suspended until after the strike concluded. Filming had been expected to occur over five or six months, and Kelly had one day left of filming to complete before filming was shut down. The writers' strike ended in late September 2023, while the concurrent 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike ended on November 9. At that time, filming on the series was set to resume at the end of the month, and it was considered to be a priority for Warner Bros. Filming resumed on November 27, in the Bronx and took place at Whitestone, Queens the following day. Kelly had completed filming his scenes by January 2024, and filming wrapped on February 17.

### Post-production

Andy Keir is an editor on the series.

### Music

Mick Giacchino, son of The Batman composer Michael Giacchino, composed the score for the series.

## Marketing

The first footage from the series' production was released on April 12, 2023, during the Max Day press event. Anthony D'Alessandro of Deadline Hollywood said the footage had "the look of a dark Sopranos, with Farrell playing a full-on crime boss", while Matt Patches at Polygon also highlighted the Sopranos energy and noted it continued to use the "dark, orange-washed aesthetic" from The Batman. Ryan Scott of /Film said the teaser, which combined the series' footage with behind-the-scenes work, was "shockingly put together" given filming had only recently begun then and that it looked like a "very gritty crime drama". He also noted the teaser billed the series as "the next chapter in The Batman saga". Andy Behbakht for Screen Rant said it would be "fascinating to see how" the series was executed with the Penguin being the lead, given there had not been a previous Batman-related series headlined by a particular villain. New footage was included in a teaser for Max's 2024 content line-up in December 2023.

The first trailer was screened on March 21, 2024, for a world premiere at the Series Mania television festival in Lille, France, and it was released online as a teaser trailer the following day. D'Alessandro noted that the Penguin's "philosophical proclamations and tall tales of yore" in the trailer paid homage to Tony Soprano from The Sopranos, while Aaron Couch of The Hollywood Reporter likened the trailer to "DC's answer to The Sopranos ". Mark Hughes at Forbes also compared the trailer's vibe to that of The Sopranos and Scarface and noted it maintained the noir aesthetic from The Batman. A second trailer was released on June 20, 2024. James Hibberd at The Hollywood Reporter noted it included scenes that directly picked up after the ending of The Batman and that it provided a "much more expansive look" at the characters and setting. D'Alessandro acknowledged that the trailer explored the aftermath of Batman's actions from The Batman and highlighted Milioti's Sofia Falcone as being "front and center" in the trailer, calling her a femme fatale who was "not entirely evil" and compared her to similar characters in Batman media released since Tim Burton 's Batman Returns (1992), which featured Michelle Pfeiffer 's Catwoman in that role. Collider ' s Erick Massoto noted it depicted the Penguin's strategy to become the Gotham crime boss by exploiting the grief of Falcone's family. Meanwhile, Sandy Schaefer of /Film thought Milloti's performance "may just be the show's secret weapon" and agreed it was tonally similar to The Batman. The series was promoted at the Hall H panel during the 2024 San Diego Comic-Con from July 25 to 27. A recreation of the Gotham Ice Truck and Iceberg Lounge were featured, in addition to appearances from the cast and crew alongside the release of the official trailer.

## Release

The Penguin is scheduled to premiere in the United States on HBO on September 19, 2024, at 9 p.m. Eastern Time, and will be re-aired multiple times through September 22. The subsequent seven episodes will then air every Sunday night at that time from September 29 until November 10, 2024. The series will also stream on Max. It was initially planned for a mid-2024 premiere but was delayed due to the dual Hollywood strikes, and was ultimately moved to the September 2024 release date.

In May 2024, when The Penguin was originally set to be released on Max, Sky Group acquired the broadcast rights to the series in selected European countries where Max did not yet operate. The series is set to air day-and-date on Sky Atlantic and Sky's streaming service Now on September 20. In June 2024, after WBD had shifted many of its planned big-budget Max series based on their intellectual properties to instead be HBO originals beginning in 2025, HBO and Max content CEO Casey Bloys said The Penguin was an "obvious fit as an HBO Original" but could not be altered to such because they had already begun the process of licensing it internationally with the Max label. The following month, the series was moved to debut on HBO after the branding was renegotiated.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 93% of 46 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's consensus reads: "Depicting Gotham through bone-breaking punches rather than popping onomatopoeia, The Penguin is a grounded crime saga given gravitas by Colin Farrell and a scene-stealing Cristin Milioti." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 68 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

Reviewing the show on Sky Atlantic, The London Standard ' s Martin Robinson gave the series five stars. He hailed it as a "rich[] character study, driven by a world-beating 'give him the Emmy now' performance by Colin Farrell". He observed its influence from "1930s Warner Brothers gangster films". Robinson concluded it was "very much an Italian-American gangster Penguin", and compared the title character to Tony Soprano and Vito Corleone. Empire ' s Amon Warmann gave it four stars, writing that its expansion of Reeves's film was "satisfying proof that this more grounded take on the character warranted a full series". He wrote of its foremost purpose as a character study into Oswald, and praised the episode with the character's mother as "the series' most unique, intriguing dynamic". Warmann concluded that it was the "empathy" for the characters, particularly Rhenzy Feliz's Victor, which made the series riveting. For IndieWire ' s Ben Travers, the series was an allegory for Donald Trump, and he noted that the series displayed a "putrid embodiment of ". He admitted it was hampered by being a prequel to The Batman and a sequel to Part II, and assigned it a B-.

In a four star review, NME ' s Jordan Bassett said that Cristin Milioti's character was "quietly menacing", and that LeFranc succeeded in creating a Gotham distinct from Reeves's, one "slightly less rainy and better lit", yet one that retains "the cynicism boiled into the corruption-infested city." They felt disappointed in the show's decreased budget, observing that it hurt the series's set design, and criticized the first episode's "sluggish" pacing. They wrote that the show sees that "the roots of ambition and seething resentment at the world" forge a "compulsive" narrative. Bassett concluded that the show ended up being "more compelling than it perhaps should be", and that "Farrell is as astonishing as ever". MovieWeb ' s Julian Roman declared that "Colin Farrell needs to clear space on the shelf for an Emmy", and hailed his performance as "nothing short of extraordinary." He called the series a "psychologically disturbing gangster epic ", and compared it to Scarface (1932) and King of New York (1990). He praised its "blockbuster" production values, writing that they are "integral to its harsh realism", citing Kalina Ivanov's work in particular. Reiterating on Farrell's performance, he observed that the actor "convincingly portrays a man living with a significant disability, but he's also strong and utterly merciless when needed." Roman assigned the series a 4/5.

In a less-positive review, IGN ' s Erik Adams complained that "Lauren LeFranc and team have taken on more than they can handle", and that its aspects of gnarliness and bloodlust are "never as sensational as the big budget and prestige-TV trappings make them out to be." He praised Farrell's "gift of gab and a wounded soulfulness", which kept the character from being a trope. The Daily Telegraph gave it three out of five stars. Ed Power wrote highly of Farrell's reinvention of the Penguin as "a charismatic mobster straight from a Scorsese movie", and felt his return was impressive. He assessed that the creators have created a "grim psychodrama centred on Cobb's troubled relationship with his mentally ill mother", and said that "the only superpower on display is the producers's ability to take a straightforward story about how Cobb's friendship with Sofia has soured into a deadly rivalry and stretch it into eight hours of often tedious TV." Variety ' s Aramide Tinubu said that the robust narrative makes it a "masterful examination of criminality", and hailed it as "twisted, disturbing and deeply enthralling." She praised Deirdre O'Connell's performance, and wrote that "the juxtaposition of the across the show — including flashbacks from their contrasting childhoods and their reactions to losing or gaining dominance — is among the most compelling aspects of ".


Stardom New Blood

# Stardom New Blood

## Abstract

Stardom New Blood (スターダムニューブラッド, Sutādamunyūburaddo) is a series of professional wrestling events promoted by the Japanese professional wrestling promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom. They have been held since 2022 and slowly became a developmental sub-brand of the promotion, which mainly focus on matches where rookie wrestlers, usually with three or less years of in-ring experience, evolve.

Besides native wrestlers from Stardom, various talent from multiple promotions of the Japanese independent scene are invited to compete in bouts that are usually going under the stipulation of singles or tag team matches.

## Upcoming events

### Championships

Due to being a separate brand, New Blood disposes its own set of championships which are mainly defended in the flagship events. The Future of Stardom Championship was activating in the main roster before New Blood's debut but slowly became a developmental title for the new sub-brand.


2024–25 FC Porto season

# 2024–25 FC Porto season

## Abstract

The 2024–25 season is the 132nd season in the history of FC Porto, and the club's 90th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football. In addition to the domestic league, the club is participating in the Taça de Portugal, the Taça da Liga, the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, the UEFA Europa League, and the newly-expanded FIFA Club World Cup.

This is Porto's first full season since 2017–18 without veteran defender Pepe, who departed the club after his contract expired.

## Players

### Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

## Technical staff

## Transfers

## Competitions

### Overall record

Last updated: 15 September 2024 Source: Soccerway

### Primeira Liga

#### League table

#### Results summary

Source: Liga Portugal

#### Results by round

#### Matches

### Taça da Liga

### Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira

### UEFA Europa League

#### League phase

##### League table

##### Results by round

## Statistics


Finding Nemo (franchise)

# Finding Nemo (franchise)

## Abstract

Finding Nemo is a CGI animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the 2003 film of the same name, produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The original film was followed by a Spin-Off sequel, Finding Dory, released in 2016. Both films were directed by Andrew Stanton. The film series received widespread critical acclaim from critics and audiences with two films released to-date, the series has grossed $1.9 billion worldwide.

## Film series

### Finding Nemo (2003)

Finding Nemo is the fifth Pixar film. The film tells the story of a clownfish named Nemo (voiced by Alexander Gould) who gets abducted from his home in the Great Barrier Reef and winds up in a dentist’s office aquarium. His over-protective father Marlin (voiced by Albert Brooks) who, along with an amnesiac regal tang named Dory (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres), searches for him all the way to Sydney Harbour. Along the way, Marlin learns to take risks and let little Nemo take care of himself.

### Finding Dory (2016)

Finding Dory is the seventeenth Pixar film. The film focuses on the amnesiac character Dory (voiced by Ellen DeGeneres), who travels to California to find her long-lost parents, Jenny and Charlie, as well as exploring the idea of her being reunited with her family. It takes place one year after Finding Nemo and is set off the coast of Morro Bay, California.

### Future films

Director Andrew Stanton commented in June 2016 about the possibility of a third Finding film, stating:

"I really do feel like that this was the missing piece, emotionally, for the first movie. Now, I’ve stopped saying never for anything because there are a lot of new characters that get introduced and we’ve broadened the universe for this movie. And again, I’m very used to seeing that world continue to open up from the Toy Story movies, so I’ve learned to just say, to my knowledge, I think everything that was born of the first movie is wrapped up. But we’ll see. With any of the other sequels, we strive to try and make it seem like it was inevitable, like it was meant to be, that all these extended stories and journeys with these characters were part of the whole canon. And that's really hard, but it's so satisfying for me when I’m experiencing that, whether it's a great second season of a TV show or another book in a series. It's a small club when it's done successfully. Regardless of how much people may vocalize that they don’t enjoy or wish that there weren’t extensions, sometimes it's really nice to go back and spend more time with these characters if they evolve, if they grow, if they expand. So that, I’m very happy with. I feel like it was just as hard, if not harder, on Finding Dory to get it to feel inevitable and preordained, and that it was always of the larger piece."

In May 2024, Pixar CCO Pete Docter suggested that the studio is considering making a third installment in the Finding Nemo franchise. He stated "Where else have we not gone in the ocean? The ocean's a big place. I think there's a lot of opportunity there. We're kind of fishing around."

## Short films

### Exploring the Reef with Jean-Michel Cousteau (2003)

Exploring the Reef is a short documentary film. It features Jean-Michel Cousteau, exploring the Great Barrier Reef, but Marlin, Dory, and Nemo keep interrupting him. The short film is included on the Finding Nemo DVD.

### Marine Life Interviews (2016)

Marine Life Interviews focuses on some of the supporting characters within Dory as they give brief interviews and thoughts on Dory herself. This is similar to the character interviews for Finding Nemo.

### Dory Finding (2021)

Dory Finding shows Dory finding items from the surface in the coral reef. This short is part of the Pixar Popcorn series on Disney+.

### Field Trip (2024)

TBA

## Reception

### Box office performance

Finding Nemo is the second highest-grossing film of 2003, behind The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. It was the highest-grossing Pixar film, up until 2010 when Toy Story 3 surpassed it. Finding Dory is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016, behind Civil War and Rogue One.

Finding Nemo is the 10th highest-grossing animated franchise.

## Accolades

Both films received universal acclaim, with the first film winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was a financial blockbuster as it grossed over $921 million worldwide. It is the best-selling DVD of all time, with over 40 million copies sold as of 2006 and is the 2nd highest grossing G-rated movie of all time. In 2008, the American Film Institute named it the 10th greatest American Animated film ever made during their 10 Top 10. It also won the award for best Animated Film at the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards, the National Board of Review Awards, the Online Film Critics Society Awards, and the Toronto Film Critics Association Awards.

## Cast and characters

This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in the franchise.

- An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's official presence has not yet been confirmed.

- indicates a younger version of the character.

- Note: A grey cell indicates that the character didn't appear in the film.

## Theme park attractions

- Crush's Coaster at Walt Disney Studios Park at Disneyland Paris.

- Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage at Disneyland at Disneyland Resort.

- Finding Nemo – The Musical at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World.

- The Seas with Nemo & Friends at Epcot at Walt Disney World.

- Turtle Talk with Crush at Epcot at Walt Disney World, Disney California Adventure at Disneyland Resort and Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort.

- Nemo & Friends SeaRider at Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort.

## Other media

### Video games

#### Finding Nemo

Finding Nemo was released in 2003 by THQ. The goal in the game is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cutscenes from the movie and each clip is based on a level. For example, Marlin and Dory hopping through a batch of jellyfish.

The game received mixed reviews. It received 2/5 stars on GameSpy, 6.2/10 points on GameSpot and IGN gave it 7.0/10 and 6.0/10 on its PS2 and Xbox, and GameCube platforms, respectively.

#### Disney Friends

In 2007, Disney Interactive Studios released Disney Friends. It is a video game based on various Disney films. The game features characters Stitch from Lilo & Stitch, Dory from Finding Nemo, Pooh from Winnie the Pooh, and Simba from The Lion King.

#### Kinect: Disneyland Adventures

Kinect: Disneyland Adventures is a video game released in 2011 by Frontier Developments. The game is based in various Disneyland attractions. It was released on Kinect for Xbox 360. Characters from Finding Nemo appear as part of a minigame based on Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage.

#### Nemo's Reef

Nemo's Reef was a mobile game available from December 20, 2012 to June 30, 2017 by Disney Mobile. The game is a casual reef building which features characters from Finding Nemo. It was released on Android and iOS devices.

#### Disney Infinity

Disney Infinity was a video game series developed by Avalanche Software that ran from 2013 to 2016. Elements from Finding Nemo appeared throughout all three games in the series, with power discs based on the film released for the first game, and a playset based on Finding Dory along with Dory and Nemo figures released for the console versions of Disney Infinity 3.0 in June 2016. The aforementioned playset and figures were the last new content released for the series, which was cancelled by Disney in May 2016.

#### Rush: A DisneyPixar Adventure

Kinect Rush: A DisneyPixar Adventure is a video game developed by Asobo Studio originally released in 2012 for Xbox 360. On October 31, 2017, a remastered release without the Kinect branding titled Rush: A DisneyPixar Adventure was released for Xbox One and Microsoft Windows 10. The remastered version adds a world based on Finding Dory alongside the original release's worlds.

#### Disney Magic Kingdoms

During a limited time Event focused on the franchise, under the name " Finding Marlin ", the world builder game Disney Magic Kingdoms included Nemo, Marlin, Dory, Crush, Squirt, Bruce and Hank as playable characters, along with the attractions Crush's Coaster, Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, and The Seas with Nemo and Friends. Bailey and Destiny were also included as playable characters in a later update of the game. In the game the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of the events in the films.

### Stage musical

Finding Nemo – The Musical is a 40-minute show (performed five times daily), which opened on January 24, 2007 at the Theater in the Wild at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida. It is a musical adaption of the film with new songs written by Tony Award-winning Avenue Q composer Robert Lopez and his wife, Kristen Anderson-Lopez. It would "combine puppets, dancers, acrobats and animated backdrops".

### Appearance on Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman

In the PBS KIDS Show Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman, Crush the sea turtle appeared as a guest star in the Season 5 episode, "The Ol' Shell Game", voiced again by Andrew Stanton.

### Magazine

In August 2016, Egmont Publishing launched a magazine, titled Finding Dory.

### Music

Finding Nemo is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. Finding Dory is the soundtrack album of the film of the same name. The soundtracks were scored by Thomas Newman.

The score was nominated for the 76th Academy Awards for Best Original Score but lost against The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. It received 5/5 stars from the Film Score Reviews and 3.5/5 stars from Soundtrack.net.


Area

# Area

## Abstract

Area is the measure of a region 's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analogue of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).Two different regions may have the same area (as in squaring the circle); by synecdoche, "area" sometimes is used to refer to the region, as in a " polygonal area ".

The area of a shape can be measured by comparing the shape to squares of a fixed size. In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of area is the square metre (written as m), which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long. A shape with an area of three square metres would have the same area as three such squares. In mathematics, the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a dimensionless real number.

There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and circles. Using these formulas, the area of any polygon can be found by dividing the polygon into triangles. For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the historical development of calculus.

For a solid shape such as a sphere, cone, or cylinder, the area of its boundary surface is called the surface area. Formulas for the surface areas of simple shapes were computed by the ancient Greeks, but computing the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus.

Area plays an important role in modern mathematics. In addition to its obvious importance in geometry and calculus, area is related to the definition of determinants in linear algebra, and is a basic property of surfaces in differential geometry. In analysis, the area of a subset of the plane is defined using Lebesgue measure, though not every subset is measurable if one supposes the axiom of choice. In general, area in higher mathematics is seen as a special case of volume for two-dimensional regions.

Area can be defined through the use of axioms, defining it as a function of a collection of certain plane figures to the set of real numbers. It can be proved that such a function exists.

## Formal definition

An approach to defining what is meant by "area" is through axioms. "Area" can be defined as a function from a collection M of a special kinds of plane figures (termed measurable sets) to the set of real numbers, which satisfies the following properties:

- For all S in M, a (S) ≥ 0.

- If S and T are in M then so are S ∪ T and S ∩ T, and also a (S ∪ T) = a (S) + a (T) − a (S ∩ T).

- If S and T are in M with S ⊆ T then T − S is in M and a (T − S) = a (T) − a (S).

- If a set S is in M and S is congruent to T then T is also in M and a (S) = a (T).

- Every rectangle R is in M. If the rectangle has length h and breadth k then a (R) = hk.

- Let Q be a set enclosed between two step regions S and T. A step region is formed from a finite union of adjacent rectangles resting on a common base, i.e. S ⊆ Q ⊆ T. If there is a unique number c such that a (S) ≤ c ≤ a (T) for all such step regions S and T, then a (Q) = c.

It can be proved that such an area function actually exists.

## Units

Every unit of length has a corresponding unit of area, namely the area of a square with the given side length. Thus areas can be measured in square metres (m), square centimetres (cm), square millimetres (mm), square kilometres (km), square feet (ft), square yards (yd), square miles (mi), and so forth. Algebraically, these units can be thought of as the squares of the corresponding length units.

The SI unit of area is the square metre, which is considered an SI derived unit.

### Conversions

Calculation of the area of a square whose length and width are 1 metre would be:

1 metre × 1 metre = 1 m

and so, a rectangle with different sides (say length of 3 metres and width of 2 metres) would have an area in square units that can be calculated as:

3 metres × 2 metres = 6 m. This is equivalent to 6 million square millimetres. Other useful conversions are:

- 1 square kilometre = 1,000,000 square metres

- 1 square metre = 10,000 square centimetres = 1,000,000 square millimetres

- 1 square centimetre = 100 square millimetres.

#### Non-metric units

In non-metric units, the conversion between two square units is the square of the conversion between the corresponding length units.

the relationship between square feet and square inches is

where 144 = 12 = 12 × 12. Similarly:

- 1 square yard = 9 square feet

- 1 square mile = 3,097,600 square yards = 27,878,400 square feet

In addition, conversion factors include:

- 1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimetres

- 1 square foot = 0.092 903 04 square metres

- 1 square yard = 0.836 127 36 square metres

- 1 square mile = 2.589 988 110 336 square kilometres

### Other units including historical

There are several other common units for area. The are was the original unit of area in the metric system, with:

- 1 are = 100 square metres

Though the are has fallen out of use, the hectare is still commonly used to measure land:

- 1 hectare = 100 ares = 10,000 square metres = 0.01 square kilometres

Other uncommon metric units of area include the tetrad, the hectad, and the myriad.

The acre is also commonly used to measure land areas, where

- 1 acre = 4,840 square yards = 43,560 square feet.

An acre is approximately 40% of a hectare.

On the atomic scale, area is measured in units of barns, such that:

- 1 barn = 10 square meters.

The barn is commonly used in describing the cross-sectional area of interaction in nuclear physics.

In South Asia (mainly Indians), although the countries use SI units as official, many South Asians still use traditional units. Each administrative division has its own area unit, some of them have same names, but with different values. There's no official consensus about the traditional units values. Thus, the conversions between the SI units and the traditional units may have different results, depending on what reference that has been used.

Some traditional South Asian units that have fixed value:

- 1 Killa = 1 acre

- 1 Ghumaon = 1 acre

- 1 Kanal = 0.125 acre (1 acre = 8 kanal)

- 1 Decimal = 48.4 square yards

- 1 Chatak = 180 square feet

## History

### Circle area

In the 5th century BCE, Hippocrates of Chios was the first to show that the area of a disk (the region enclosed by a circle) is proportional to the square of its diameter, as part of his quadrature of the lune of Hippocrates, but did not identify the constant of proportionality. Eudoxus of Cnidus, also in the 5th century BCE, also found that the area of a disk is proportional to its radius squared.

Subsequently, Book I of Euclid's Elements dealt with equality of areas between two-dimensional figures. The mathematician Archimedes used the tools of Euclidean geometry to show that the area inside a circle is equal to that of a right triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius, in his book Measurement of a Circle. (The circumference is 2 π r, and the area of a triangle is half the base times the height, yielding the area π r for the disk.) Archimedes approximated the value of π (and hence the area of a unit-radius circle) with his doubling method, in which he inscribed a regular triangle in a circle and noted its area, then doubled the number of sides to give a regular hexagon, then repeatedly doubled the number of sides as the polygon's area got closer and closer to that of the circle (and did the same with circumscribed polygons).

### Triangle area

Heron of Alexandria found what is known as Heron's formula for the area of a triangle in terms of its sides, and a proof can be found in his book, Metrica, written around 60 CE. It has been suggested that Archimedes knew the formula over two centuries earlier, and since Metrica is a collection of the mathematical knowledge available in the ancient world, it is possible that the formula predates the reference given in that work. In 300 BCE Greek mathematician Euclid proved that the area of a triangle is half that of a parallelogram with the same base and height in his book Elements of Geometry.

In 499 Aryabhata, a great mathematician - astronomer from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy, expressed the area of a triangle as one-half the base times the height in the Aryabhatiya.

### Quadrilateral area

In the 7th century CE, Brahmagupta developed a formula, now known as Brahmagupta's formula, for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle) in terms of its sides. In 1842, the German mathematicians Carl Anton Bretschneider and Karl Georg Christian von Staudt independently found a formula, known as Bretschneider's formula, for the area of any quadrilateral.

### General polygon area

The development of Cartesian coordinates by René Descartes in the 17th century allowed the development of the surveyor's formula for the area of any polygon with known vertex locations by Gauss in the 19th century.

### Areas determined using calculus

The development of integral calculus in the late 17th century provided tools that could subsequently be used for computing more complicated areas, such as the area of an ellipse and the surface areas of various curved three-dimensional objects.

## Area formulas

### Polygon formulas

For a non-self-intersecting (simple) polygon, the Cartesian coordinates (x i, y i) {\displaystyle (x_{i},y_{i})} (i =0, 1,..., n -1) of whose n vertices are known, the area is given by the surveyor's formula:

where when i = n -1, then i +1 is expressed as modulus n and so refers to 0.

#### Rectangles

The most basic area formula is the formula for the area of a rectangle. Given a rectangle with length l and width w, the formula for the area is:

That is, the area of the rectangle is the length multiplied by the width. As a special case, as l = w in the case of a square, the area of a square with side length s is given by the formula:

The formula for the area of a rectangle follows directly from the basic properties of area, and is sometimes taken as a definition or axiom. On the other hand, if geometry is developed before arithmetic, this formula can be used to define multiplication of real numbers.

#### Dissection, parallelograms, and triangles

Most other simple formulas for area follow from the method of dissection.This involves cutting a shape into pieces, whose areas must sum to the area of the original shape.For an example, any parallelogram can be subdivided into a trapezoid and a right triangle, as shown in figure to the left. If the triangle is moved to the other side of the trapezoid, then the resulting figure is a rectangle. It follows that the area of the parallelogram is the same as the area of the rectangle:

However, the same parallelogram can also be cut along a diagonal into two congruent triangles, as shown in the figure to the right. It follows that the area of each triangle is half the area of the parallelogram:

Similar arguments can be used to find area formulas for the trapezoid as well as more complicated polygons.

### Area of curved shapes

#### Circles

The formula for the area of a circle (more properly called the area enclosed by a circle or the area of a disk) is based on a similar method. Given a circle of radius r, it is possible to partition the circle into sectors, as shown in the figure to the right. Each sector is approximately triangular in shape, and the sectors can be rearranged to form an approximate parallelogram. The height of this parallelogram is r, and the width is half the circumference of the circle, or π r. Thus, the total area of the circle is π r:

Though the dissection used in this formula is only approximate, the error becomes smaller and smaller as the circle is partitioned into more and more sectors. The limit of the areas of the approximate parallelograms is exactly π r, which is the area of the circle.

This argument is actually a simple application of the ideas of calculus. In ancient times, the method of exhaustion was used in a similar way to find the area of the circle, and this method is now recognized as a precursor to integral calculus. Using modern methods, the area of a circle can be computed using a definite integral:

#### Ellipses

The formula for the area enclosed by an ellipse is related to the formula of a circle; for an ellipse with semi-major and semi-minor axes x and y the formula is:

### Non-planar surface area

Most basic formulas for surface area can be obtained by cutting surfaces and flattening them out (see: developable surfaces). For example, if the side surface of a cylinder (or any prism) is cut lengthwise, the surface can be flattened out into a rectangle. Similarly, if a cut is made along the side of a cone, the side surface can be flattened out into a sector of a circle, and the resulting area computed.

The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is:

where r is the radius of the sphere. As with the formula for the area of a circle, any derivation of this formula inherently uses methods similar to calculus.

### General formulas

#### Areas of 2-dimensional figures

- A triangle: 1 2 B h {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}Bh} (where B is any side, and h is the distance from the line on which B lies to the other vertex of the triangle). This formula can be used if the height h is known. If the lengths of the three sides are known then Heron's formula can be used: s (s − a) (s − b) (s − c) {\displaystyle {\sqrt {s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}}} where a, b, c are the sides of the triangle, and s = 1 2 (a + b + c) {\displaystyle s={\tfrac {1}{2}}(a+b+c)} is half of its perimeter. If an angle and its two included sides are given, the area is 1 2 a b sin (C) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}ab\sin(C)} where C is the given angle and a and b are its included sides. If the triangle is graphed on a coordinate plane, a matrix can be used and is simplified to the absolute value of 1 2 (x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 3 + x 3 y 1 − x 2 y 1 − x 3 y 2 − x 1 y 3) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}(x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{3}+x_{3}y_{1}-x_{2}y_{1}-x_{3}y_{2}-x_{1}y_{3})}. This formula is also known as the shoelace formula and is an easy way to solve for the area of a coordinate triangle by substituting the 3 points (x,y), (x,y), and (x,y). The shoelace formula can also be used to find the areas of other polygons when their vertices are known. Another approach for a coordinate triangle is to use calculus to find the area.

- A simple polygon constructed on a grid of equal-distanced points (i.e., points with integer coordinates) such that all the polygon's vertices are grid points: i + b 2 − 1 {\displaystyle i+{\frac {b}{2}}-1}, where i is the number of grid points inside the polygon and b is the number of boundary points. This result is known as Pick's theorem.

#### Area in calculus

- The area between a positive-valued curve and the horizontal axis, measured between two values a and b (b is defined as the larger of the two values) on the horizontal axis, is given by the integral from a to b of the function that represents the curve:

- The area between the graphs of two functions is equal to the integral of one function, f (x), minus the integral of the other function, g (x):

- An area bounded by a function r = r (θ) {\displaystyle r=r(\theta)} expressed in polar coordinates is:

- The area enclosed by a parametric curve u → (t) = (x (t), y (t)) {\displaystyle {\vec {u}}(t)=(x(t),y(t))} with endpoints u → (t 0) = u → (t 1) {\displaystyle {\vec {u}}(t_{0})={\vec {u}}(t_{1})} is given by the line integrals:

#### Bounded area between two quadratic functions

To find the bounded area between two quadratic functions, we first subtract one from the other, writing the difference as f (x) − g (x) = a x 2 + b x + c = a (x − α) (x − β) {\displaystyle f(x)-g(x)=ax^{2}+bx+c=a(x-\alpha)(x-\beta)} where f (x) is the quadratic upper bound and g (x) is the quadratic lower bound. By the area integral formulas above and Vieta's formula, we can obtain that A = (b 2 − 4 a c) 3 / 2 6 a 2 = a 6 (β − α) 3, a ≠ 0. {\displaystyle A={\frac {(b^{2}-4ac)^{3/2}}{6a^{2}}}={\frac {a}{6}}(\beta -\alpha)^{3},\qquad a\neq 0.} The above remains valid if one of the bounding functions is linear instead of quadratic.

#### Surface area of 3-dimensional figures

- Cone: π r (r + r 2 + h 2) {\displaystyle \pi r\left(r+{\sqrt {r^{2}+h^{2}}}\right)}, where r is the radius of the circular base, and h is the height. That can also be rewritten as π r 2 + π r l {\displaystyle \pi r^{2}+\pi rl} or π r (r + l) {\displaystyle \pi r(r+l)\,\!} where r is the radius and l is the slant height of the cone. π r 2 {\displaystyle \pi r^{2}} is the base area while π r l {\displaystyle \pi rl} is the lateral surface area of the cone.

- Cube: 6 s 2 {\displaystyle 6s^{2}}, where s is the length of an edge.

- Cylinder: 2 π r (r + h) {\displaystyle 2\pi r(r+h)}, where r is the radius of a base and h is the height. The 2 π r {\displaystyle 2\pi r} can also be rewritten as π d {\displaystyle \pi d}, where d is the diameter.

- Prism: 2 B + P h {\displaystyle 2B+Ph}, where B is the area of a base, P is the perimeter of a base, and h is the height of the prism.

- pyramid: B + P L 2 {\displaystyle B+{\frac {PL}{2}}}, where B is the area of the base, P is the perimeter of the base, and L is the length of the slant.

- Rectangular prism: 2 (ℓ w + ℓ h + w h) {\displaystyle 2(\ell w+\ell h+wh)}, where ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } is the length, w is the width, and h is the height.

#### General formula for surface area

The general formula for the surface area of the graph of a continuously differentiable function z = f (x, y), {\displaystyle z=f(x,y),} where (x, y) ∈ D ⊂ R 2 {\displaystyle (x,y)\in D\subset \mathbb {R} ^{2}} and D {\displaystyle D} is a region in the xy-plane with the smooth boundary:

An even more general formula for the area of the graph of a parametric surface in the vector form r = r (u, v), {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} =\mathbf {r} (u,v),} where r {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} } is a continuously differentiable vector function of (u, v) ∈ D ⊂ R 2 {\displaystyle (u,v)\in D\subset \mathbb {R} ^{2}} is:

### List of formulas

The above calculations show how to find the areas of many common shapes.

The areas of irregular (and thus arbitrary) polygons can be calculated using the " Surveyor's formula " (shoelace formula).

### Relation of area to perimeter

The isoperimetric inequality states that, for a closed curve of length L (so the region it encloses has perimeter L) and for area A of the region that it encloses,

and equality holds if and only if the curve is a circle. Thus a circle has the largest area of any closed figure with a given perimeter.

At the other extreme, a figure with given perimeter L could have an arbitrarily small area, as illustrated by a rhombus that is "tipped over" arbitrarily far so that two of its angles are arbitrarily close to 0° and the other two are arbitrarily close to 180°.

For a circle, the ratio of the area to the circumference (the term for the perimeter of a circle) equals half the radius r. This can be seen from the area formula πr and the circumference formula 2 πr.

The area of a regular polygon is half its perimeter times the apothem (where the apothem is the distance from the center to the nearest point on any side).

### Fractals

Doubling the edge lengths of a polygon multiplies its area by four, which is two (the ratio of the new to the old side length) raised to the power of two (the dimension of the space the polygon resides in). But if the one-dimensional lengths of a fractal drawn in two dimensions are all doubled, the spatial content of the fractal scales by a power of two that is not necessarily an integer. This power is called the fractal dimension of the fractal.

## Area bisectors

There are an infinitude of lines that bisect the area of a triangle. Three of them are the medians of the triangle (which connect the sides' midpoints with the opposite vertices), and these are concurrent at the triangle's centroid; indeed, they are the only area bisectors that go through the centroid. Any line through a triangle that splits both the triangle's area and its perimeter in half goes through the triangle's incenter (the center of its incircle). There are either one, two, or three of these for any given triangle.

Any line through the midpoint of a parallelogram bisects the area.

All area bisectors of a circle or other ellipse go through the center, and any chords through the center bisect the area. In the case of a circle they are the diameters of the circle.

## Optimization

Given a wire contour, the surface of least area spanning ("filling") it is a minimal surface. Familiar examples include soap bubbles.

The question of the filling area of the Riemannian circle remains open.

The circle has the largest area of any two-dimensional object having the same perimeter.

A cyclic polygon (one inscribed in a circle) has the largest area of any polygon with a given number of sides of the same lengths.

A version of the isoperimetric inequality for triangles states that the triangle of greatest area among all those with a given perimeter is equilateral.

The triangle of largest area of all those inscribed in a given circle is equilateral; and the triangle of smallest area of all those circumscribed around a given circle is equilateral.

The ratio of the area of the incircle to the area of an equilateral triangle, π 3 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{3{\sqrt {3}}}}}, is larger than that of any non-equilateral triangle.

The ratio of the area to the square of the perimeter of an equilateral triangle, 1 12 3, {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{12{\sqrt {3}}}},} is larger than that for any other triangle.


Denis Urubko

# Denis Urubko

## Abstract

Denis Urubko (Russian: Дени́с Ви́кторович Уру́бко; 29 July 1973) is a Russian-Polish climber. In 2009, as a citizen of Kazakhstan he became the 15th person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders and the 8th person to achieve the feat without supplemental oxygen. He had Soviet citizenship, but after the dissolution of the Soviet Union he became a citizen of Kazakhstan, but renounced the citizenship in 2012. In 2013, he received Russian citizenship and on 12 February 2015 he received Polish citizenship.

## Mountaineering career

In 2006, he won the Elbrus Speed Climbing competition which he did by setting a new speed record, climbing from Azau station to the summit in 3 hours, 55 minutes and 58 seconds (record was beaten in 2010 by Andrzej Bargiel). This climb represents a vertical rise of almost 3,250 metres or more than 10,600 feet and thus a speed of more than 800 vertical metres (2,600 vertical feet) an hour. He summited almost 40 minutes ahead of the next finisher. He has also won the Khan Tengri Mountain Festival when he speed climbed the mountain from Base Camp at 4,200 metres to the summit at 7,010 metres and then back to Base Camp in 12 hours and 21 minutes, winning by over 3 hours.

He has climbed two 8,000-metre peaks in winter. Makalu in 2009 together with Simone Moro and Gasherbrum II in 2011 together with Cory Richards and again Simone Moro. He has also opened new routes on Cho Oyu, Manaslu and Broad Peak. All together he has 25 ascents of 8,000-metre peaks. He is also a " Snow Leopard " having summited the five 7,000-metre peaks of the former USSR in only 42 days in 1999. He climbs without additional oxygen.

On 27 January 2018, Urubko along with Adam Bielecki - while taking part in the Krzysztof Wielicki led Polish winter expedition on K2 - led a rescue operation on Nanga Parbat to save climbers Élisabeth Revol and Tomasz Mackiewicz, who were stuck on the mountain. Bielecki and Urubko were brought to the mountain by helicopter and climbed over 1000m through the night to reach Revol. They succeeded in bringing Revol to safety, but, were unable to save Mackiewicz due to the severe weather conditions. Then he resumed the K2 expedition, but due to the unfavorable snow and weather conditions and an accident causing injury to Rafal Fronia, the team canceled the planned approach via Cesen/Basque route and reached up to 7400m on the Abruzzi Spur route. Then in an unauthorized solo attempt, Denis Urubko reported that he probably reached up to 7600m having drawn criticism from his fellow climbers.

In 2019 remarkably, on 18 July, he summited Gasherbrum II by the normal route for acclimatization for his expedition to open a new route on Gasherbrum II. After 14 days, on 1 August 2019 at 8:40 pm, he reached the summit of Gasherbrum II again via a new route without supplemental oxygen.

## Eight-thousander climbs

Urubko completed the following successful ascents of eight-thousanders:

- Everest (8848 m, without oxygen south normal route; 24 May 2000)

- Lhotse (8516 m, without oxygen normal route; 23 May 2001).

- Hidden Peak (Gasherbrum 1; 8068 m, without oxygen Japanese couloir; 13 August 2001)

- Gasherbrum II (8035 m, without oxygen normal route speed ascent: from 5800 to top in 7 hours 30 minutes, and back to 5800 in 4 hours.; 20 August 001)

- Kangchenjunga (8586 m, classical SW-face route without oxygen; 13 May 2002)

- Shisha Pangma (main 8046 m and Central summits (8012 m) without oxygen; 25 October 2002)

- Nanga Parbat (8125 m, Kinshoffer route, without oxygen; 17 June 2003)

- Broad Peak (8046 m, normal route without oxygen; 18 July 2003)

- Annapurna I (8091 m, night ascent; May 2004)

- Broad Peak (8046 m, SW Face first climb, with Sergey Samoilov, in alpine style; 25 July 2005)

- Manaslu (8163 m, normal route, with Sergey Samoilov; 25 April 2006)

- Manaslu (8163 m, NE face first climb, with Sergey Samoilov; 08 May 2006)

- Dhaulagiri (8167 m, normal route; 5 February 2007)

- K2 (8611 m, WW ridge, Japanese route, with Sergey Samoilov; 10 February 2007)

- Makalu (8463 m; 5 December 2008)

- Makalu (8463 m, first winter climb, with Simone Moro; 2 September 2009)

- Cho Oyu (8201 m, SE Face, first climb, alpine style, with Boris Dedeshko; May 2009)

- Lhotse (8516 m, new route from South Col, solo from C3; 16 May 2010)

- Gasherbrum II (8035 m, first winter ascent, with Simone Moro and Cory Richards; 2 February 2011)

- Kangchenjunga (8586 m, North Face; 19 May 2014)

- Gasherbrum II (8035 m, normal route; 18 July 2019)

- Gasherbrum II (8035 m, new route solo in 24 hours from 6100 meters to summit 1 August 2019)

- Broad Peak (8046 m, solo, normal route without oxygen, 19 July 2022)

- Gasherbrum II (8035 m, solo, normal route without oxygen, 25 July 2022)

- K2 (8611 m, solo, normal route without oxygen, 29 July 2022)


Leonard Whibley

# Leonard Whibley

## Abstract

Leonard Whibley (20 April 1864 – 8 November 1941) was a British scholar who edited A Companion to Greek Studies from 1905 to 1931.

## Life

Leonard Whibley was born 20 April 1864 at Gravesend, Kent, England. His parents were Ambrose Whibley, silk mercer, and his second wife, Mary Jean Davy. He was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Pembroke College, Cambridge, and elected to a fellowship at Pembroke in 1889. His elder brother was Charles Whibley who was also educated at Bristol Grammar School and then Jesus College, Cambridge, where Charles took a first in classics in 1883.

Whibley was a half-brother of Fred Whibley, a copra trader on Niutao, Ellice Islands (now Tuvalu); and his half-sister was Eliza Eleanor (Lillie), wife of John T. Arundel. Arundel owned of J. T. Arundel and Company which evolved into the Pacific Islands Company, and later the Pacific Phosphate Company, which commenced phosphate mining in Nauru and Banaba Island (Ocean Island).

For a short time Whibley worked in publishing at Methuen and shared a house with his brother Charles, William Ernest Henley and George Warrington Steevens. He returned to academia with a lectureship in Classics (Ancient History) at Cambridge from 1899 to 1910. Whibley surprised his family and friends, when in 1920 at age 57, he married Henriette Leiningen, daughter of Major-General William Brown Barwell and Lise, Countess of Leiningen Westerburg, a descendant of the Alt-Leiningen-Westerburg branch of the aristocratic House of Leiningen. He died on 8 November 1941 at Frensham, Surrey.

## Publications

- Political parties in Athens during the Peloponnesian war. Prince Consort Dissertation, Cambridge University Press, 1888.

- Livy, Book V. Edited for the Syndics of the University Press. by L. Whibley, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Cambridge, at the University Press, (1890).

- Greek Oligarchies. Their Character and Organisation. London: Metheun & Chicago: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1896. A full-length work on oligarchic government in Classical Greece.

- (ed.) A Companion to Greek Studies, Cambridge University Press, 1905–1931.

- (ed. with Paget Toynbee) Correspondence of Thomas Gray (1716–1771), 3 vols., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935. Repr. 1971 with corrections by H. W. Starr (ed.).


Friesens

# Friesens

## Abstract

Friesens Corporation is Canada's largest printer of hardcover books. They are employee-owned, specializing in hardcover books and yearbooks, and located in Altona, Manitoba, Canada. Friesens also operates a self-publishing subsidiary named FriesenPress, launched in 2009.

## History

- Friesens was founded by David W. Friesen in 1907 as a confectionery store.

- In 1933, the family purchased a printing press

- In 1941 launched weekly Altona Echo newspaper later amalgamating with the Morris Herald into the Red River Valley Echo.

- In 1950 incorporated as D.W. Friesen & Sons Inc,.

- In 1959 built new 16,500 sq. ft. plant. Purchased first offset press

- In 1960 began employee profit sharing and post secondary scholarships for employees' children

- In 1965 started selling school yearbooks in Manitoba and Saskatchewan

- In 1970 launched Business Machines division

- In 1971 purchased ACME Box Company. Expanded main plant by 12,000 sq ft.

- In 1973 expanded school yearbook force

- In 1976 D.W. Friesen & Sons changes to Friesens

- In 1978 printed first four-colour book

- In 1987 purchased four colour presses

- In 1990 started Graphic Arts course at Red River Community College

- In 1999 Friesens Fast Print and Packaging Division relocated. Started selling school graduation supplies.

- In 2000, Friesens printed the Canadian run of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, producing 400,000 copies of the book.

- In 2002 printed Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone by J. K. Rowling

- In 2004 Friesens landmark printing of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix on 100% post consumer waste led author J.K. Rowling to insist all future Harry Potter books worldwide be printed " tree-free "

- In 2008 built North America 's most advanced and eco-friendly 130,000 sq. ft. book manufacturing plant.

- In 2009 Friesens purchased think4D® a revolutionary and patented three-dimensional book cover and packaging technology; Friesens launches FriesenPress for self-publishing authors;

- In 2010 Friesens designed and printed American Idol: Back Story and Season 9 Highlights; Designed and printed school yearbooks appearing on the television series, Glee

- In 2015 Friesens install an 8-colour, format 8, R900 HiPrint XXL perfecting press from Manroland that provides for an imposition of up to 64 pages, printed both sides, in one pass. Successfully completed a shift in the employee-ownership model.

- In 2016 printed Harry Potter and the Cursed Child

- In 2017 celebrated 110 years in business with a corporate and community celebration

## Current operations

Friesens is Canada's largest printer of hardcover books. Furthermore, it has been rated as one of Canada's best 50 managed companies by Deloitte and Touche on several occasions. In 2018, Friesens was number 60 of the top 400 printing companies in the United States and Canada.

## FriesenPress

On July 13, 2009, Friesens Corporation launched a self-publishing subsidiary called FriesenPress.

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## Awards

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O'Carroll

# O'Carroll

## Abstract

O'Carroll (Irish: Ó Cearbhaill), also known as simply Carroll, Carrol or Carrell, is a Gaelic Irish clan which is the most prominent sept of the Ciannachta (also known as Clan Cian). Their genealogies claim that they are kindred with the Eóganachta (themselves led by the O'Sullivans and MacCarthys), descended paternally from Ailill Aulom. From the Middle Ages until 1552, the family ruled an area within the Kingdom of Munster known as Éile. The last monarch Tiege Cian O'Carroll surrendered and regranted to the Tudor Kingdom of Ireland.

## Etymology

Notable is the history of the Ó Cearbhaill whose territory, known as Ely O'Carroll in Éile, consisted of the pasture lands of Ballycrinass, Rosscullenagh and Drumcan, extending to the Lake of Leghagh, commonly Laghaghirisallive and bounded on the west by the lands called Laghenagarken and on the east adjoining or near to Glencrokin. This was always known as Ely O'Carroll. The mountain land extended from the Laghanagerah (Lochan na gCaorach) to Polle Dowa (Poll Dubh in Roscomroe) and then in a south easterly direction to the Slieve Bloom Mountains, which are the limits between Ely O'Carroll and Upper Ossory meeting at a village called Garryvoe or Scully's land.

The Ely O'Carroll sept was the most powerful and most famous, but there were at least four other septs, O'Carroll of Oriel in the Dundalk area, O' Carrolls of Ossory in the Carlow / Kilkenny area and two septs in the Kerry area. The prefix "O'" is very often dropped in the case of this surname, occasionally replaced with "Mac". Carvill is another anglicization of the same family name.

The family name Ó Cearbhaill goes back to a given name Cearbhall. Although the etymology of this name is often given as 'valorous in battle' or similar (literally 'lord of hacking' from Old Irish cerb 'hacking' and the suffix -al originally meaning 'lord'), a more likely original meaning is 'crooked mouth' or 'crooked member' (from cerr 'crooked' and bél 'mouth' or ball 'member'). For this at first glance odd name compare the etymologies of the names Campbell and Cameron.

## History

Of Gaelic Irish descent, the Carrolls have their origins in the ancient kingdom of Éile, commonly anglicized Ely, as a branch of the ruling O'Carroll family. The Ely O'Carroll come from counties Offaly and Tipperary in Ireland. The sept is also known as Eile and Clan Cian.

According to historian C. Thomas Cairney, the O'Carrolls were one of the chiefly families of the Eile who in turn were from the Dumnonii or Laigin who were the third wave of Celts to settle in Ireland during the first century BC.

One descendant, Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), was a wealthy landowner in Maryland and a signer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. His cousin, Daniel Carroll, was a signer of the U.S. Constitution. Daniel's brother was John Carroll, the first Catholic Bishop (Archbishop of Baltimore) in the United States.

Historic Ely O'Carroll surnames are: Carroll, Bohan/Bowen, Dooley, Meagher/Maher/Mahar/Mahan, Kelly/Kealy, Flanagan, Corcoran, Healy, Nevin, O'Connor.

Clan Cian was also known as the Cianachta, the Race of Cian, the youngest son of Olioll Ollum King of Munster and grandson of King Eoghan Mor the 1st (known as) Mogh Nuadath of Leith Mogha (Mogha’s Half) of southern Ireland, of the Milesian race of Heber, who contested for supremacy of all Ireland in the second century of the Christian Era.

The Cianachta were led for over 1500 years by a recognized king, prince, high chief, or ruling lord chosen from members of the O’Carroll-Carroll and rival houses of the noble septs of Éile.

In the fifth century the Cianacht Chief, Éile Righ Derg (Éile, the Red King) ruled the territory that came to be known as Ely O'Carroll (to distinguish the area from other O'Carroll kingdoms and lands). The Kingdom of Éile (Ely) was located anciently in Ormond in the Counties Tipperary, Waterford and extending into Offaly, Leix, and Kilkenny.

Cearbhaill (Carroll) Son, of Aeodh, and Chief of the Cianachta was King of Éile at the turn of the first millennium. This Cearbhaill, the King of Éile, led the Elyans at the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 with the High King of Ireland, Brian Boru. F.J. "Éile" O'Carroll, the late O'Carroll of Éile O'Carroll created Clan Cian through the Charter of Re-Formation in 1982-1983??as his personal clan for all Cianachta whose families originally lived within the regions ruled by The O'Carroll of Éile O'Carroll in Ireland as well as to all people who wish to honor their background and the ideals that Clan Cian promotes - Irish culture in all its manifestations and the exploration of expatriate Irish's roots back to Ireland.

### Betham's History of O'Carroll

The following is quoted from the Ordnance survey letters to King's County (Offaly) 1838 cit. Sir William Betham 's Irish Antiquarian Researches.Part I, Pg.95. Sir William Betham (1779–1853) was the Ulster King of Arms and can be considered a fairly reliable source as such.

The family of O'Carroll, according to the Irish antiquaries, are descended from Kean, the third son of Olioll Olum, King of Munster. Teige, the eldest son of this Kean, was a distinguished warrior, who by killing in battle his three rivals, procured for Cormac Mac Art, King of Ulster, the Monarchy of Ireland. Cormac rewarded him with a grant of land in Connaught called Lurgny Gallen and Culavin, he paying to the King of Connaught and his successors, 150 milch cows in May; 100 beeves and 100 barrels of mead or Metheglin at Alhallontide yearly, forever.

He had two sons, Conla and Cormac Galeng; to the latter he gave the lands of Lurgny Gallen, now called the Barony of Gallen in the County of Mayo and Culavin, which were possessed by his descendants, the O'Haras and O'Garas.

Conla, the eldest son, possessed the lands afterwards called Duthec Éile, i.e., the Estate of Éile, from Eile Ridheargs, of which his descendants were styled Kings, there being no other title of honour in use in Ireland before the coming of the English.

Cearbhaill, the twelfth according to some, and the 16th in descent according to other authorities, from the above Éile, gave name to the Sept of the O'Carrolls, i.e., the descendants of Cearbhuill. The tenth in descent from him was Teige or Thatheus O'Cearbhuill Boy, King of Éile, who caused the Box of Dimma to be gilt, died about the middle of the 12th century and was succeeded by his son.

Maolroona O'Carroll or O'Cearbhaill, King of Éile, was succeeded by his brother.

Donald O'Carroll, who was King of Ely at the coming of the English under Strongbow and from him are descended the principal houses of this family.

Maolroona O'Carroll, whose daughter Grace, or Grania, was married to Ulick Burke, Lord of Clanrickard, and was mother of Rickard Sassanagh Burke, the first Earl, joined with O'Brien and others against the English Government and gave them much trouble. He died A.D. 1532.

His son Fergonamuin or Ferdinando O'Carroll, who succeeded his father as O'Carroll, concluded a treaty with Leonard, Lord Gray, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 12 June 1538, by which he consented for himself and his successors, the O'Carrolls, Capitanci de Ely O'Carroll, to pay the King 12d. for every carucate of land in Ely O'Carroll, one hundred and twenty marks on the nomination of the chief, and on general hostings to supply the Chief Governor of Ireland with twelve horsemen and twenty four foot men, all well equipped for war with provisions for forty days at the expense of O'Carroll; that on all journeys to those parts, they should supply the Lord Deputy and suite with provisions for three days; that the Lord Deputy should be supplied with provisions by O'Carroll for eighty gallowglasses for three months every year and be permitted to make a road or roads through Ely O'Carroll at his pleasure.

In 1548 Teige Caoch O'Carroll, son of Ferdinando, called by Sir James Ware, petty King of Ely, routed the English out of his country, but afterwards submitted and was created Baron of Ely in 1532 (I have not been able to find the record of this patent) which he did not long enjoy, having been slain by his own Sept headed by his own kinsman and competitor Cahir O'Carroll, who was afterwards slain by William Adhar O'Carroll, younger brother of Teige, who was knighted 30 March 1567 and made Governor of Ely and Captain of his Nation by Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Justice of Ireland. Sir William died 28 April 1579. His natural son Sir Cahir or Charles O'Carroll, was knighted by Sir John Perrott, Lord Deputy in 1584.

Sir Mulrooney O'Carroll, son of Sir William, was knighted by Sir George Carew, L. D. of Ireland, at Dublin Castle, St. James's Day, 1 March 1603, being the day of the Coronation of King James I.

Roger O'Carroll, son and heir of Sir Mulrooney, was ousted out of his estates by Cromwell, he having attached himself to the King's party under the Duke of Ormond, but his eldest son and heir, Charles O'Carroll, was in great favour with Kings Charles II and James the I, who were not able to restore him to his paternal estate; the latter made him grants of large tracts of land on the Monoccasy River in the Province of Maryland in the North America, which was divided into three manors of 20,000 acres (81 km) each and called after the possession he had lost in Ireland, viz., Ely O'Carroll and Doughoregan. The third was called Carrolston.

This gentleman was also made Attorney General of the Province and his estates are still in the possession of his grandson, Charles O'Carroll of Carrolston, Esq. aged 90 years, whose father and himself have been members of the senate of that State.

Mary, the daughter of the last mentioned Charles, was married to Richard Caton Esq., of the State of Maryland, by whom she was mother to her Excellency Marianne, the present Marchioness of Wellesley and three other daughters Elizabeth, Louisa-Catharine (Lady Harvey) and Emily.

Sir James Carroll, who was Mayor of Dublin, was knighted by Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy at Loghroer, the 30th of September 1609. His father, Thomas O'Carroll, being oppressed by the chief of his family, came to live in Dublin.

Sir James Carroll had a grant of the Abbey of Baltinglass and was ancestor to the present High Sheriff of the County of Wicklow, Henry Griffiths (Carroll) of Ballymore Esq.

Donagh, or Denis O'Carroll, descended from Donogh O'Carroll, brother to Mulrooney O'Carroll, Chief of his name, who died in 1532, was possessed of the estates of Modereeny and Buolybrack in Tipperary and was ousted by Cromwell. He married O'Kennedy's daughter and had thirty sons, whom he formed into a troop of horse and presented to Duke of Ormond for the service of King Charles I. On the Restoration, John, his son, had a grant of his lands at Killury in the Co. of Galway, where he married the daughter of O'Crean by Margaret, the daughter of Lord Athenry. His eldest son James Carroll, was ancestor to the family at Killury; Daniel O'Carroll, his second son, entered into the military service of the King of Spain and was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Iago. He was afterwards, through the interest of the Duke of Ormond, made a Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Service by Queen Anne, in which he rose to the rank of Lt. General, obtained permission to bear the Insignia of the Order of St. Iago in England, had also the style of Sir Daniel and was Colonel of a Regiment of Horse. His grandson, John Whitley O'Carroll, was British resident at Saxe Weimar in 1804.

Three other O'Carrolls, John, Donagh and Kedagh, obtained grants of land in Connaught from King Charles II in compensation for their losses in Leinster.

From them are descended the families of Springhill, Tirlogh, Ardagh, Carragh and Dunmore in the Co. of Galway; Forthill in the County of Mayo and Doraville in the County of Clare. The other principal families now existing are those of Emmell in the King's County; Thurles, Ballingarry, Nenagh, Littlefield and Annemead in Tipperary; Rockfield in the County of Wicklow and Coolroe in the County of Carlow.

John Carroll of Stephen's Green, Esq., late M.P. for New Ross is the representative of this last family. Owen Carroll represented the King's County in King James's Parliament in 1689.

### Contemporary Chief dispute

A few of the other families which resided within the kingdom of the O'Carrolls were the O'Meaghers/O'Meachair (Maher), O'Caseys, O'Haras, and O'Garas. All of these family surnames, and related septs, also trace their origins to Cian, or Cianachts but many dispute the notion of an overarching Clan Cian. In MacLysaght’s definitive work Irish Families there are over 200 Irish surnames listed and while recognising that there are many more Irish names it is now considered that these names constitute the main name-bearing Irish septs. Many of these septs developed out of larger groups or clans which predated the development of surnames, as in the case of O’Brien in relation to the Dal Cás or O’Higgins in relation to the Cenél Fiachach, or, in this case, O'Carroll in relation to the Cianachta. However, these larger groupings seldom gave rise to surnames in themselves.

Specifically in the case of Munster, The Great Book of Irish Genealogies compiled between 1645 – 66 by Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh and edited more recently by Nollaig Ó Muraíle (2003), in Vol. II the following pre-surname population groups are listed:

Eoghanacht pp 549–599Dál Caispp 599–633Dealbhnapp 633–645Clanna Céinp. 645= Clan CianClann Tadch Meic Céinpp 647–661= Clan Tadch son of CianSíol Luighdheach meic Íochtapp 661–683About The Cianachta - Clan Cian

Clan Cian was founded and recognized by the late F. J. O'Carroll, of Éile O'Carroll, Chief of the Name. Fredrick Arthur O'Carroll, has since assumed the mantle of Chief of the Name with the backing of his Council of Chieftains. Chief Fred, descends from the ancient Kings and Princes of Éile O'Carroll. The Kingdom of Éile (Ely) resides in the heart of south-central Ireland. The O'Carroll is a recognized member of the Standing Council of Irish Chiefs and Chieftains. Not all of the current recognized Chiefs on the Standing Council live in Ireland, The O'Carroll, the Chief of Clan Cian, currently resides in the United States.

The name Cianachta in Irish means "of the Race of Cian," and so, Clan Cian in modern English. The Cianachta were recognized as a racial group in ancient Ireland and now called again to assemble as a clan in these modern times. We are dedicated to the preservation of the Éile O'Carroll Territory including the Kingdom of Éile and the O'Carroll family and all related families histories. The clan represents the O'Carroll/Carroll families and also includes of all the related, family septs, dependent family septs of Éile O'Carroll and other parts of Ireland, and worldwide. Clan Cian has an appointed Council of Chieftains and Clan Officers that preside over certain designated regional areas appointed by The O'Carroll, Chief of Éile O'Carroll and Clan Cian.

Historically according to Edward McLysaght the first Chief Herald of the newly formed Republic of Ireland, the term "clan" or "clanne" in Ireland refers to the people living within a certain territory, whereas in Scotland a clan is composed of people of a specific family. In ancient Ireland, the old kingdom of Éile O'Carroll (Éile Ui Cearbhaill) included many family surnames found today. Of those families, the powerful O'Carrolls were kings, overlords, and later chiefs of their people. A few of the major families related by blood to the O'Carrolls, which lived within the Kingdom of Éile O'Carroll were the O'Meaghers, O'Caseys, O'Haras, and O'Garas. All of these family surnames, and other related septs, are members of the Clan of Cian - the Cianachta.

## Maryland

A branch of the Carrolls moved to Colonial Maryland and were prominent Roman Catholics. They played a formative role in the foundation of the United States of America as Charles Carroll of Carrollton signed the United States Declaration of Independence. Second cousins of Charles Carroll of Carrollton were Daniel Carroll, who signed the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution, and Daniel's brother, the Bishop John Carroll, who was the first Bishop and Archbishop of the United States and Founder of Georgetown University. A distant cousin of this branch of the Carroll family was Charles Carroll (barrister), a convert to Anglicanism. William Thomas Carroll (1802-1863) served as the fifth Clerk of the United States Supreme Court (from 1827 until his death). Other notable Carrolls were Brigadier General Samuel S. Carroll, Thomas King Carroll and daughter Anna Ella Carroll, and James Carroll. The Carrolls of Maryland have also intermarried with the " Blenheim branch " of the Lee family of Virginia.

In addition to these individuals, the Mitchell family of Maryland claim descent from the aforementioned Charles Carroll of Carrollton through the line of their founding matriarch Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson who, in addition to being a descendant of his, is revered today as one of the earliest and most prominent of the leaders of the civil rights movement.

The Carroll family are famed for the number of beautiful homes and manors they have built across Maryland. Most famous is Doughoregan Manor, which remains a family seat in the possession of descendants of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who is buried there. Another early residence of this branch of the family was the Carroll House of Annapolis. The later Homewood House was the birthplace of Governor John Lee Carroll, and is now a part of Johns Hopkins University.

Mount Clare, built by Charles Carroll the Barrister, a distant cousin of the Carrolls of Doughoregan Manor, is the oldest extant Colonial era structure in Baltimore.

A partial, summarized pedigree of the Carroll family:

- Domhnall O'Carroll, King of Éile (Ely)

- Dónal Dhearg (the Red) O'Carroll

- William Álainn (the Handsome) O'Carroll

- Donogh O'Carroll

- Teige O'Carroll

- Donough O'Carroll

- Anthony O'Carroll

- Daniel O'Carroll of Aghagurty and Litterluna (1642-1688) Charles Carroll the Settler, (1660-1720) Charles Carroll of Annapolis, (1702-1782), Land sold to lay-out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), member of Continental Congress, last surviving signer of Declaration of Independence (1776), first U.S. Senator from Maryland. Laid "first stone" for Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1828. Charles Carroll of Homewood, (1775-1825), constructed house, 1800; later site of Johns Hopkins University campus, 1900. Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734),Daniel and his wife Ann (Rozier) Carroll (1711-1764). Owned the land that would eventually become Capitol Hill including the Capitol, Library of Congress and other federal buildings. Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773) Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1764-1849) Daniel Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767-1823) Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802) William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002) Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866) Kean Carroll of Aghagurty (1663-1701?), brother of Charles Carroll the Settler Daniel Carroll I, (1696-1751), Land sold to lay out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Daniel Carroll II, (1730-1796), member of Continental Congress, one of the first United States Representatives in the House from Maryland. Father John Carroll, (1735-1815), later Bishop and Archbishop of Baltimore, first appointed to an American diocese.

- Charles Carroll the Settler, (1660-1720) Charles Carroll of Annapolis, (1702-1782), Land sold to lay-out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), member of Continental Congress, last surviving signer of Declaration of Independence (1776), first U.S. Senator from Maryland. Laid "first stone" for Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1828. Charles Carroll of Homewood, (1775-1825), constructed house, 1800; later site of Johns Hopkins University campus, 1900. Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734),Daniel and his wife Ann (Rozier) Carroll (1711-1764). Owned the land that would eventually become Capitol Hill including the Capitol, Library of Congress and other federal buildings. Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773) Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1764-1849) Daniel Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767-1823) Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802) William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002) Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866)

- Charles Carroll of Annapolis, (1702-1782), Land sold to lay-out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), member of Continental Congress, last surviving signer of Declaration of Independence (1776), first U.S. Senator from Maryland. Laid "first stone" for Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1828. Charles Carroll of Homewood, (1775-1825), constructed house, 1800; later site of Johns Hopkins University campus, 1900. Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), member of Continental Congress, last surviving signer of Declaration of Independence (1776), first U.S. Senator from Maryland. Laid "first stone" for Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1828. Charles Carroll of Homewood, (1775-1825), constructed house, 1800; later site of Johns Hopkins University campus, 1900. Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- Charles Carroll of Homewood, (1775-1825), constructed house, 1800; later site of Johns Hopkins University campus, 1900. Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- Charles Carroll V, (1801-1862) John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor) Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- John Lee Carroll, (1830-1911), Governor of Maryland (his great-grandchildren own Doughoregan Manor)

- Louisa Mary Carroll (1832-1894), married George Cavendish-Taylor (1826-1889) Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- Julia Cavendish-Taylor (1866-1931), married Phillip Benedict Joseph Petre (1864-1908), 3 children including the 16th Baron Petre

- Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1707–1734),Daniel and his wife Ann (Rozier) Carroll (1711-1764). Owned the land that would eventually become Capitol Hill including the Capitol, Library of Congress and other federal buildings. Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773) Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1764-1849) Daniel Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767-1823) Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802) William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002) Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866)

- Charles Carroll of Duddington (1729–1773) Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1764-1849) Daniel Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767-1823) Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802) William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002) Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866)

- Daniel Carroll of Duddington (1764-1849) Daniel

- Charles Carroll of Bellevue (1767-1823) Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802) William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002) Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866)

- Henry Carroll (1772-1820), Secretary to Henry Clay, Treaty of Ghent Peace Commission

- Charles H. Carroll (1794–1865), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives, married Alida Van Rensselaer (1801–1832), niece of Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and the granddaughter of Robert Van Rensselaer (1740–1802)

- William Thomas Carroll (1802–1863), 5th Clerk of the United States Supreme Court Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002)

- Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1831–1893), a brigadier general during the American Civil War Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002)

- Samuel Sprigg Carroll (1875-1935) Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002)

- Mahlon Ashford Carroll (1921-2002)

- Elizabeth Barbara Carroll (1806–1866), who was married to Henry Fitzhugh (1801–1866)

- Kean Carroll of Aghagurty (1663-1701?), brother of Charles Carroll the Settler Daniel Carroll I, (1696-1751), Land sold to lay out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Daniel Carroll II, (1730-1796), member of Continental Congress, one of the first United States Representatives in the House from Maryland. Father John Carroll, (1735-1815), later Bishop and Archbishop of Baltimore, first appointed to an American diocese.

- Daniel Carroll I, (1696-1751), Land sold to lay out the town of Baltimore, 1729 Daniel Carroll II, (1730-1796), member of Continental Congress, one of the first United States Representatives in the House from Maryland. Father John Carroll, (1735-1815), later Bishop and Archbishop of Baltimore, first appointed to an American diocese.

- Daniel Carroll II, (1730-1796), member of Continental Congress, one of the first United States Representatives in the House from Maryland.

- Father John Carroll, (1735-1815), later Bishop and Archbishop of Baltimore, first appointed to an American diocese.

## Notable members

- Maol Ruanaidh Cam Ó Cearbhaill (d. 1329), musician

- Daniel O'Carroll (died 1713), lieutenant-colonel of Berwick's regiment

- Charles Carroll (barrister) (1723–1783), Maryland (USA) barrister

- Daniel Carroll (1730–1796), U.S. politician, signatory of both the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution

- John Carroll (archbishop) (1735–1815), first Catholic Bishop in the United States and Founder of Georgetown University

- William Carroll (Tennessee politician) (1788–1844), Governor of Tennessee

- William Henry Carroll (1810–1868), Confederate Army general

- William Carroll (Australian politician) (1872–1936), Australian senator

- Richard O'Carroll (killed 1916), Irish Patriot and Union Leader

- Michael O'Carroll (1911-2004), Irish motoring expert and TV/Radio/Newspaper correspondent

- Julian Carroll (1931–2023), 54th governor of Kentucky

- Warren H. Carroll, Catholic historian & author

- Mella Carroll (b 1934), High Court judge, first female appointed to superior court in Ireland

- Katharine Bulbulia née O'Carroll (b 1943), Irish senator

- Tom O'Carroll (b 1945), British paedophilia advocate

- Brendan O'Carroll, (b 1955), Irish comedian

- Brian Carroll (b 1956), American businessman

- John O'Carroll (b 1958), British artist

- Bill Carroll (broadcaster) (b 1959), American radio personality

- William Allan Carroll (b 1959), professional ice hockey player

- Sean B. Carroll (b 1960), American evolutionary biologist

- Sean M. Carroll (b 1966), American theoretical physicist.

- Will Carroll (b 1970), American sports writer

- Susie O'Carroll (b 1987), Irish sportsperson


2024–25 FC Porto season


Denis Urubko