Carlos Alazraqui

# Carlos Alazraqui

## Abstract

Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American actor and comedian. His extensive voice-over work includes the original voice of Spyro from Spyro the Dragon; Shameless O'Scanty, Leslie P. Lilylegs, Elliott Sampson and Tad Tucker on New Looney Tunes; the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials; Denzel Crocker, Juandissimo Magnifico, and Sheldon Dinkleberg on The Fairly OddParents; Rocko and Spunky on Rocko's Modern Life; Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants; Lazlo, Clam, and other characters on Camp Lazlo; Rikochet in ¡Mucha Lucha!; Grandpapi Rivera in El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera; Carlos Casagrande, Sergio, Vito, and other characters in the franchise of The Loud House; Mr. Weed in Family Guy; and the Disney character Panchito Pistoles since 2001. He is a weekly contributor on The Stephanie Miller Show. In live-action, Alazraqui is known for playing Deputy James Garcia on Reno 911!.

## Early life

Alazraqui was born Carlos Jaime Alazraqui in Yonkers, New York on July 20, 1962 to Argentine parents. He has Sephardic Jewish heritage from his father. His mother was a Methodist priest. He moved with his family to Concord, California, at an early age. Alazraqui graduated from Concord High School. He attended college at California State University, Sacramento from 1982 to 1986, where he began competing in open mic contests. After winning in his fourth year, Alazraqui took his prize money and moved to Los Angeles.

## Career

### Stand-up comedy

Originally, Alazraqui began his career in stand-up comedy. He was the winner of the San Francisco Comedy Competition in 1993, beating out fellow comedians Marc Maron and Patton Oswalt.

In addition, Alazraqui joined Miller's Sexy Liberal Comedy Tour in 2014, playing some of the dates with Ward and he has a semi-regular segment on Miller's radio show Coffee with Carlos.

### Film and television

Alazraqui is known for his live-action work in Reno 911!, in which he portrayed Deputy James Garcia for five seasons (2003–2008). He played the same role in the series' 2007 spin-off film Reno 911! Miami. As a nod to this role, he also played a "bumbling" Reno cop in the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode " Let it Bleed." He has been a celebrity on the Tom Bergeron version of Hollywood Squares.

Alazraqui also wrote and starred in The Last White Dishwasher, a short film.

In 2020, he reprised his role as Deputy James Oswaldo Garcia in the seventh season of Reno 911! which aired on Quibi. He also appeared in the 2021 Paramount+ movie, Reno 911! The Hunt for QAnon. The eighth season of the series, now titled Reno 911! Defunded, premiered on The Roku Channel in February 2022.

He reprised his role as Denzel Crocker in The Fairly OddParents: Fairly Odder, a live-action sequel to The Fairly OddParents, which premiered on Paramount+ in March 2022.

### Voice acting

Alazraqui has performed several voices for Nickelodeon cartoons, including Rocko on Rocko's Modern Life, as well as Denzel Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents, Winslow T. Oddfellow and Lube on CatDog, and Scooter on SpongeBob SquarePants. He also voiced several additional voices for the Cartoon Network shows, Cow and Chicken, Kidscity: The Village Dome of Kids, and I Am Weasel during their runs in the mid-late 1990s. He also voiced Spyro in Spyro the Dragon; he was later replaced by Tom Kenny as Spyro in Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!, Spyro: Year of the Dragon, and Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly. In 1997, he voiced Crash Bandicoot in promotional trailers for the game Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, also switching out live performances as him with Tom Kenny at E3 1997. He also voiced the Taco Bell chihuahua in the Taco Bell commercials, Rikochet in the first two seasons of ¡Mucha Lucha! and Mr. Weed (the head of the "Happy Go Lucky" toy factory) on Family Guy. It is mentioned in the DVD commentary track that Alazraqui was reluctant to leave Family Guy. In particular, Seth MacFarlane suggests that the death of Alazraqui's character took the actor by surprise. He also voiced Dr. Julius No in GoldenEye: Rogue Agent.

In 2005, he added the voices for two Cartoon Network series: The Life and Times of Juniper Lee where he played Monroe, a guardian dog with a Scottish accent and three characters in Camp Lazlo: Lazlo, Clam and Chef McMuesli. In 2006, he added Salty Mike from Squirrel Boy and Walden in Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! on Nick Jr. to his credits. He played Wisk in Glen Hill's 2000 film version of L. Frank Baum 's The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus. He also provided the voice of Nestor in the Happy Feet films. He has also voiced the Hanna-Barbera characters Baba Looey, Mudsy the Funky Phantom, and Loopy De Loop in modern appearances.

Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, a storyboard writer for Rocko's Modern Life, described Alazraqui's normal voice as bearing "no accent at all". Marsh describes Alazraqui's "Scottish accent" as "one of the best" and that he performs his other accents as "all very well". According to Marsh, Alazraqui uses various accents in his comedy routines. He had worked for the Disney Channel on Handy Manny, where he provided the voice for Felipe, the bilingual Phillips-head screwdriver and for Abuelito, Manny's grandfather. He was the original "voice guy" on the Stephanie Miller Show, later being replaced by Jim Ward, who had previously substituted for him. In January 2008, Alazraqui returned to fill in briefly while Ward recovered from surgery. In 2014, he voiced Mesmo and Torts in Mixels. He voices Tio Tortuga in Sheriff Callie's Wild West.

In 2023, Alazraqui joined the cast of The Case of the Greater Gatsby, a noir parody podcast produced by Shipwrecked Comedy, playing a singing cowboy actor in 1940s Hollywood. The show also features his Fairly Odder co-stars Lesli Margherita and Mary Kate Wiles (Wiles is also a producer). The show premiered on July 26, 2023.

### Web

In 2009, he collaborated with Ted Nicolaou on the web series The Club, which was released in November 2010. The series features Jill-Michele Meleán, Debra Wilson, Johnny A. Sanchez, Lori Alan, and Daran Norris.

In 2013, Alazraqui starred as a drug dealer in one episode of the Melinda Hill web series Romantic Encounters.

## Personal life

Alazraqui resides in Los Angeles, California with his wife and two daughters. One daughter Rylee is a voice actor as well. Rylee is the voice of Rohk-Tahk in the Paramount+ series Star Trek: Prodigy.

## Awards and nominations

- 2012 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2015 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2016 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program – The Fairly OddParents - Nominated

- 2017 – Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production – The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show: Ponce de León - Won

- 2022 – Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie - Reno 911!: The Hunt for QAnon - Nominated


Cyber Core

# Cyber Core

## Abstract

Cyber Core is a 1990 vertically scrolling shooter video game developed by Alfa System and published in Japan by Information Global Service (IGS) and in North America by NEC for the TurboGrafx-16. Set in the year 2269 where Earth has been overrun by an alien race known as Hyper Insects, the player controls a Chimera bio-fighter craft, piloted by the enforcer Rad Ralph (Kato Melange in the Japanese version) in order to fend off the invaders and reclaim the planet. Similar to Dragon Spirit, Ralph has a projectile weapon for destroying air-based enemies and a bomb for destroying ground-based enemies.

Co-headed by director Kenji Hisatomi and producer Kotoshi Yokoyama, Cyber Core was the first shoot 'em up title created by Alfa System, who would later work on future projects such as Down Load and the Shikigami no Shiro series. First released on the TurboGrafx-16, the game was ported to the X68000 by SPS, featuring improved visuals and audio, as well as a rebalanced difficulty. The X68000 conversion has since been re-released only in Japan for Microsoft Windows through D4 Enterprise 's Project EGG download service.

Cyber Core on the TurboGrafx-16 received mostly positive reception from critics, but the X68000 conversion was met with mixed reception; reviewers drew comparisons with Dragon Spirit due to its gameplay system but praise was given to its technical performance, visual presentation, sound, and fast-paced gameplay, but criticism was geared towards the repetitive action and enemy attack patterns, while many were divided in regards to its difficulty.

## Gameplay

Cyber Core is a science fiction-themed vertical-scrolling shoot 'em up game. The plot takes place in the year 2269, where Earth has been overrun by a cybernetic alien race called Hyper Insects. Their primary base is an underground mobile fort known only as the mothership. To fend off the Hyper Insects, Earth's defense forces create an insect-themed bio-jet in similar form to the enemy called the Chimera, which mutates the pilot into a humanoid insect upon use. This occurs to protagonist Rad Ralph (Kato Melange in the Japanese version), who has been assigned to attack the Hyper Insects and reclaim Earth.

The gameplay structure is similar to Xevious and Dragon Spirit. The player controls the Chimera through eight increasingly difficult stages over a constantly scrolling background, populated with an assortment of enemies and the scenery never stops moving until a boss is reached, which must be fought in order to progress further. The Chimera moves in eight directions and is equipped with two main weapons: a projectile weapon for air-based enemies and a bomb for ground-based enemies. The Chimera can mutate into four types of weapons by collecting their respective color eggs when shooting at the supply carrier.

Collecting three eggs in a row also grants the Chimera shield units to sustain enemy hits but this can also prove to be a risky proposition, as the Chimera's size is increased when more weapon eggs are collected. The Chimera can also acquire special egg types, which are dropped when firing at bosses or enemy formations, that grants additional abilities such as invincibility and a destruction egg capable of obliterating enemies and bullets on-screen. The Chimera is equipped with a speed setting, which can be increased or decreased across three levels by pressing its dedicated button. The title uses a checkpoint system in which the Chimera will start off at the beginning of the checkpoint the player managed to reach before dying. Getting hit by enemy fire reduces the Chimera's firepower and shield, which results in losing a live once the shields are depleted. The game is over once all lives are lost, though the player can use limited continues at the title screen to keep playing.

## Development and release

Cyber Core was the first shoot 'em up title created by Alfa System, who would later work on future projects such as Down Load and the Shikigami no Shiro series. Its development was co-led by director Kenji Hisatomi and producer Kotoshi Yokoyama. Sei Mochizuki and a member under the pseudonym "Bokegi!" served as co-programmers. The scenario was written by Syuichi Kouyama, while Kiyofumi Katō and Satoru Kubota acted as co-designers, in addition of Masashige Yumoto acting as illustrator. The soundtrack was co-composed by Masahiro Teramoto, who also created the game's sound effects, and Toshio Murai.

Cyber Core was first published in Japan by Information Global Service (IGS) on March 9, 1990, for the PC Engine and later in North America by NEC in May for the TurboGrafx-16. The game was ported to the X68000 by SPS on October 25, 1991, featuring improved visuals and audio, as well as a rebalanced difficulty. The original X68000 version has since been re-released in digital form for Microsoft Windows through D4 Enterprise 's Project EGG service on March 26, 2013.

## Reception

Cyber Core on the TurboGrafx-16 received mostly positive reception from critics, most of which reviewed it as an import title. Public reception of the original PC Engine release was mixed; readers of PC Engine Fan voted to give the game a 19.26 out of 30 score, ranking at the number 378 spot in a poll, indicating a middling following. The X68000 conversion was also met with mixed reception from reviewers.

Famitsu ' s four reviewers drew comparisons with Dragon Spirit due to its gameplay system, but they praised the game's sense of speed, as well as the insect character sprites for being quite attractive and slightly creepy but criticized the enemy attack patterns. Génération 4 ' s Philippe Querleux also felt that the title was similar to Dragon Spirit, but with mecha and insect characters. Regardless, Querleux expressed that "fans of the genre will not be disappointed" with Cyber Core. Aktueller Software Markt ' s Torsten Oppermann noted that the game borrowed ideas from Dragon Spirit as well, but stated that it stands out among the PC Engine library. Oppermann commended visuals, sound and addictive gameplay.

Joystick ' s Jean-Marc Demoly gave positive remarks to its animated graphics, sound and controls. Electronic Gaming Monthly ' s four reviewers criticized its repetitive action for not being varied as Blazing Lazers and lack of difficulty balance due to the overpowered weapons. Nevertheless, they gave positive commentary to the frantic gameplay, graphical presentation and large bosses. Power Play ' s Martin Gaksch praised Cyber Core for its technical performance, good visuals, enemy variety, sound and customizable gameplay. Gaksch also commended the game's adjustable difficulty system that changes the enemy's behavior based on how much items are collected, but noted that it "stole" ideas from both Dragon Spirit and Tiger-Heli.

VideoGames & Computer Entertainment ' s Clayton Walnum gave positive remarks to the vivid backgrounds, detailed insect sprites, music, interesting sound effects and fast-pacing but felt mixed in regards to the difficult playability. Takahashi Tetushi of Japanese magazine Oh!X gave the X68000 version a positive overview, commending its graphics and music. In contrast, Japanese publication Technopolis gave the X68000 port a mixed outlook. Hardcore Gaming 101 ' s Steven Barbato noted its Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind -esque world and aesthetic, as well as the skill-based power-up system but criticized the game's difficulty for being occasionally unfair.


Aleksandar Petaković

# Aleksandar Petaković

## Abstract

Aleksandar Petaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Петаковић; 6 February 1930 – 12 April 2011) was a Yugoslav and Serbian football manager and player.

## Club career

Petaković started out at Radnički Beograd, helping the club win promotion from the Yugoslav Third League to the Yugoslav First League. He amassed over 150 appearances and scored more than 80 goals in the top flight during the course of eight seasons (1953 – 1961). After moving abroad, Petaković played for several years in France (Lille), Belgium (Standard Liège), and the Netherlands (Fortuna '54).

## International career

At international level, Petaković was capped 19 times for Yugoslavia between 1954 and 1959, scoring eight goals including a hat-trick in a 5–0 friendly win over England in May 1958. He was also part of the team in two World Cups (1954 and 1958).

## Managerial career

Soon after hanging up his boots, Petaković started his managerial career at Sloga Kraljevo, taking over in October 1965. He spent two seasons in charge and led the club to promotion to the Yugoslav Second League in his final year. Subsequently, Petaković moved to Turkey, having spells as manager with Vefa (1967–68) and İzmirspor (1968–69).

## Career statistics

## Honours

Radnički Beograd

- Yugoslav Second League: 1951

- Yugoslav Third League: 1950


Regions of Europe

# Regions of Europe

## Abstract

Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia, is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors. Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used. For instance, the Balkans is a distinct geographical region within Europe, but individual countries may alternatively be grouped into South-eastern Europe or Southern Europe.

Regional affiliation of countries may also evolve over time. Malta was considered an island of North Africa for centuries, but is now generally considered a part of Southern Europe. The exact placement of the Caucasus has also varied since classical antiquity and is now regarded by many as a distinct region within or partly in Europe. Greenland is geographically a part of North America but has been politically and culturally associated with Northern Europe for more than a millennium. As such, several regions are often included as belonging to a Greater Europe, including Anatolia, Cyprus, the South Caucasus, Siberia, Asian Kazakhstan (the part of Kazakhstan located east of European Kazakhstan), Greenland, as well as the overseas territories of EU member states.

## Subregions

Groupings by compass directions are the hardest to define in Europe, since there are a few calculations of the midpoint of Europe (among other issues), and the pure geographical criteria of "east" and "west" are often confused with the political meaning these words acquired during the Cold War era.

Some typical geographical subregions of Europe include:

- Central and Eastern Europe Central Europe Eastern Europe

- Central Europe

- Eastern Europe

- Northern Europe North-central Europe North-eastern Europe North-western Europe

- North-central Europe

- North-eastern Europe

- North-western Europe

- Southern Europe South-central Europe South-eastern Europe South-western Europe

- South-central Europe

- South-eastern Europe

- South-western Europe

- Western Europe

Note: There is no universally agreed definition for continental subregions. Depending on the source, some of the subregions, such as Central Europe or South-eastern Europe, can be listed as first-tier subregions. Some transregional countries, such as Romania or the United Kingdom, can be included in multiple subregions.

Common geopolitical subregions of Europe include:

Two Europes

- Old Europe and New Europe

Three Europes

- East-Central Europe

- Eastern Europe

- Western Europe

## Historical divisions

Europe can be divided along many differing historical lines, normally corresponding to those parts that were inside or outside a particular cultural phenomenon, empire or political division. The areas varied at different times, and so it is arguable as to which were part of some common historical entity (e.g., were Germany or Britain part of Roman Europe as they were only partly and relatively briefly part of the Empire—or were the countries of the former communist Yugoslavia part of the Eastern Bloc, since it was not in the Warsaw Pact).

- Greek East and Latin West: those parts that fell into the eastern (Byzantine) and Western Roman Empires.

- Catholic and Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe: those parts on either side of the Great Schism.

- After Reformation: countries of Western Christianity (Catholic and Protestant Churches) and Eastern Christianity (Eastern Orthodox Church, Assyrian Church of the East, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Catholic Churches) Protestant and Catholic Europe: those parts that, in the main, left the Catholic Church during the Reformation contrasted with those that did not.

- Protestant and Catholic Europe: those parts that, in the main, left the Catholic Church during the Reformation contrasted with those that did not.

- Communist Europe (Eastern Bloc), Capitalist Europe (Western Bloc): those parts on either side of the Iron Curtain and third world countries (neutral and non-aligned during the Cold War).

## Contemporary

- v

- t

- e

### Economic and political

- European Union (EU)

- EU Med Group

- Eurozone

- European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

- Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)

- Schengen Area

- European Union Customs Union

- Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

- Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area

- Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation

### Other political

- Council of Europe

- Eastern European Group

- Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly

- European Political Community

- OECD Europe countries

- Central European Initiative

- Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations

- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

- Visegrád Group

- Centrope

- Middleeuropean Initiative

- Three Seas Initiative

### Geographical

#### Peninsulas

- Apennine Peninsula (Italian Peninsula)

- Balkan Peninsula

- Fennoscandian Peninsula

- Iberian Peninsula

- Jutland Peninsula

- Scandinavian Peninsula

#### Regional

- Baltic Rim region

- The term Baltic states generally applies to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

- British Isles

- Carpathian states

- Caucasus

- Channel Islands

- Low Countries

- Benelux: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

- Nordic countries

- Scandinavia: Sweden, Norway, Denmark

- Fennoscandia: Finland, Sweden, Norway and Karelia; a geological region defined by the Fennoscandian shield

- Alpine countries

- Danubian countries

- Balkans

- Dinaric Alps

- Macaronesia

- Mediterranean countries

- Adriatic region: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania

- Pannonian countries

- Black Sea region

- Caspian Sea region

### Other groupings

- Blue Banana: describing the concentration of the wealth/economic productivity of Europe in a banana -shaped band running from north west England, London, through Benelux, eastern France, western Germany to northern Italy.


Gary Brewer

# Gary Brewer

## Abstract

Gary Brewer is an American guitarist and banjoist in the bluegrass tradition. He is best known for leading the Kentucky Ramblers, and for staging the annual Strictly Bluegrass festival.

## Biography

Brewer was raised in Louisville, Kentucky.His grandfather Finley J. Brewer Sr. performed with the Carter Family, and his father Finley J. Brewer Jr. (aka Jim Brewer) has played since 1950. Sometimes Jim haa performed with his son Gary and Gary’s sons Wayne and Mason.

Brewer played rock music until he began playing acoustic guitar while recuperating from an auto accident. That was when he and two friends formed the bluegrass group Kentucky Ramblers in 1979.

In 1994, Brewer was invited to participate in Bill and James Monroe’s “Father and Son” Winter Tour.

Released in 1995, Brewer's album Guitar also features Bill Monroe, Ron Stewart, Larry Sparks, and Josh Graves on a set of instrumentals.

Brewer released Jimmy Martin Songs For Dinner in 1999, with assistance from J. D. Crowe, Larry Stephenson, Doyle Lawson, Bobby Hicks, Terry Eldredge, Terry Smith, and Art Stamper. The title song on this tribute to Jimmy Martin was written by Tom T. Hall specifically for this album.

### Strictly Bluegrass Festival

In 1989, Brewer worked with the Louisville mayor's office to launch the Strictly Bluegrass bluegrass festival held at the Iroquois Amphitheater and later moved to New Albany, Indiana.

### Awards and recognition

In 2000, Brewer was nominated as a finalist twice by the International Bluegrass Music Association: for Guitar Player of the Year, and his song Jimmy Martin Songs for Dinner for Song of the Year.

### Personal life

Brewer's nickname is "Stretch", and his record label is Stretchgrass Productions.

## Discography

### Solo recordings

- 1995: Guitar (Copper Creek)

### Gary Brewer and the Kentucky Ramblers

- 1986: Thinking of Home (Turquoise) as The Kentucky Ramblers

- 1990: Down Home Memories (Copper Creek)

- 1992: Goin' Back to Kentucky (Copper Creek)

- 1993: Nearing Jordan's Crossing (Copper Creek)

- 1994: Money to Ride the Train (Copper Creek)

- 1996: Live in Europe (Copper Creek)

- 1997: Memories of Home (Cowan Creek)

- 1998: Kentucky Headlines and Heartbreak EP (self-released)

- 1998: Heaven's Jubilee (Cowan Creek)

- 1999: Jimmy Martin Songs For Dinner (louisvillemusic.com)

- 2001: Home Brew (Copper Creek)

- 2014: Homestretch (Stretch Grass)

### Gary and Jim Brewer

- 1991: Two Of A Kind (Copper Creek)

### Pap Brewer with Gary Brewer and the Kentucky Ramblers

- 1994: Finley J. Brewer, Sr. from Roan Mountain, TN (June Appal Recordings)

### Gary Brewer and Phil Sexton

- 1999: The 5th Generation (June Appal)

### Music instruction

- 1998: Gary Brewer, Guitar: Bluegrass Guitar at Its Best (Mel Bay) ISBN 978-0786644506


Carlos Alazraqui


2005 in Gabon

# 2005 in Gabon

## Abstract

Events in the year 2005 in Gabon.

## Incumbents

- President: Omar Bongo Ondimba

- Prime Minister: Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane

## Events

- 27 November – Presidential elections were held in the country.


Church arson

# Church arson

## Abstract

Church arson is burning or attempting to burn religious property, because empty churches are soft targets, racial hatred, pyromania, prejudice against certain religious beliefs, greed, or as part of communal violence or dissent or anti-religious sentiment.

In the United States, arson of black churches was common in the south during the civil rights era. Arson continued in the 1990s, damaging many black churches. Congress passed the Church Arson Prevention Act in 1996, and President Bill Clinton formed the National Church Arson Task Force due to a sharp increase in church arson. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) was created as a division of the Treasury Department in 1972 to investigate arson (it is now a part of the Department of Justice).

## By country

### Australia

In 2015, St. James Roman Catholic Church in Brighton, Melbourne was burnt to the ground after allegations of sexual abuse came out regarding former Roman Catholic priest Ronald Pickering. Australian actress Rachel Griffiths, formerly a member of the church, said she was 'quite elated'.

St. Mary's Catholic Church in Dandenong, also connected to Pickering, was burnt as well. St. Mary's Church in St Kilda East was damaged by a suspicious fire after being connected to former priest and convicted child sex offender Kevin O'Donnell.

### Canada

The historic St. John's Anglican Church of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia caught fire in a suspected arson on Halloween night, 2001. It was later rebuilt and reopened on June 12, 2005.

Police in Merritt, British Columbia in January 2019 arrested and charged a man with a fire that destroyed the 143-year-old Murray United Church, and two other more minor church fires nearby.

In November 2020, St. Andrew’s Anglican Church and South Caradoc United Church, both in Muncey, Ontario, were destroyed by fire. Its pastor said "anger from things that happened, that may have something to do with it,” while the diocese cautioned against speculation and called for responsible reporting. Former Anglican clergyman and pedophile priest David Norton was convicted of sex crimes against children in his parish.

After the 2021 Canadian Indian residential schools gravesite discoveries, some B.C. Catholic churches on First Nations land were deliberately burned to the ground. AnAnglican church in B.C. was also set on fire but the fire was isolated and put out. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and band governments and chiefs have condemned the arsonists. Harsha Walia, the executive director of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, tweeted "burn it all down," and the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs expressed "strong solidarity with (Harsha Walia) in condemning the brutally gruesome genocide of residential ‘school’ system by Canada and Church".

### Chile

Prior to Pope Francis 's visit to Chile in January 2018, a number of arsons at churches in took place in the capital city of Santiago. Most involved firebombs accompanied by sprayed accelerants. A barrel believed to contain flammable liquid was discovered in one evangelical church. However the damage was insignificant. Pamphlets addressing the pontiff left at the scene of one of the fires read: "The next bombs will be in your cassock." The papal visit was dominated by the sex crimes of Fernando Karadima, whose protégé, Bishop Juan Barros was protected by the Pope, despite accusations of complicity. Chilean President Michelle Bachelet addressed the "strange" firebombing of the churches on radio: "In a democracy, people can express themselves as long as they do it in a peaceful way."

### India

During the 1998 attacks on Christians in southeastern Gujarat, the Human Rights watch reported dozens of churches and prayer halls burned down by the Sangh Parivar organizations.

Hundreds of churches were set on fire and burnt in the 2008 Kandhamal violence in the Kandhamal district of Odisha.

St. Sebastian's Church in Delhi was badly damaged by fire in December 2014. Although authorities initially said that the fire was structural, the police later announced that it had been caused by arson.

### Niger

Following the Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015, 45 churches were burned down by Islamists in Niger.

### Norway

On 6 June 1992, the Fantoft Stave Church was burnt down. The wooden structure had been built built in 1150 in Fortun, when the Vikings converted to Christianity, and moved to Bergen in 1883. At first the fire was attributed to lightning and electrical failure. In January 1993 Varg Vikernes, also known as "Count Grishnackh", was interviewed by a local journalist in his apartment decorated with 'Nazi paraphernalia, weapons, and Satanic symbols'. Vikernes, a proponent of White nationalism, survivalism and racialist neopagan ideology, declared that he wanted to blow up Blitz House and Nidaros Cathedral. He had publicly supported black metal fans burning down eight churches in Norway. He used a photo of the charred remnants of one church taken soon after the fire on his band Burzum 's album titled Aske (Norwegian for ashes). Following his statement, Norwegian authorities began to clamp down on the black metal scene.

In 1994, Vikernes was found guilty of murder, arson and possession of illegal weapons (including explosives) and given the maximum sentence under Norwegian law of 21 years in prison. He was released in 2009.

### Pakistan

On August 16, 2023, in the city of Jaranwala, Pakistan, thousands of Muslims engaged in church arsons and Bible desecrations. These included at least twenty-one churches that were burnt down. According to the BBC, "police appear to watch on" as this took place.

### Sweden

The Södra Råda Old Church, built around 1320, was considered of high cultural value thanks to its beautiful and well preserved medieval wall-paintings and original wooden walls. It was burnt down in 2001. A replica of the church opened in 2022.

### United Kingdom

In 1973, St Mary's Church in Putney, London was badly damaged in by arson. On 20 October 1987 the Church of England parish of St Peter's Church, Eaton Square in central London was set on fire by an anti-Catholic arsonist, who mistook the building for a Roman Catholic church.

In 1998 the church of St Bartholomew Allen's Cross in Northfield, a district of the UK's second city, Birmingham, was attacked by arsonists. The church was deemed beyond repair and demolished in 2008. St Barnabas' Church in Erdington, Birmingham was badly damaged by fire in 2007, arson is suspected.

### United States

#### History

Within the Hate Crime Statistics Act, blacks are one of the groups that are the targets of the most hate crimes of any type, one of which is arson to their places of worship. An African-American scholar and historian, C. Eric Lincoln, wrote in his book, Coming Through the Fire: Surviving Race and Place in America, that the first recorded church arson to a black church happened in 1822 in South Carolina. Arsons also occurred by white mobs in Cincinnati in 1829 and through the 1830s in Philadelphia. In the 1950s and 1960s, as civil rights activism and the desegregation of public places such as schools and restaurants were starting to increase, so was the burning and bombing of black churches. A notorious bombing in September 1963 at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killed four young girls. Arson of African American churches continued in the southern United States in the early 1990s. The arsonists were generally young white males with racist beliefs, often under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Although arson began happening at white churches in January 1995, it was still mostly directed towards black churches. The motive for these church burnings began crossing from racial hatred to other motives such as revenge, vandalism, and the influence of media. A gang of Georgia teenaged high school dropouts robbed, vandalized, and burnt 90 churches, both black and white. They told police that they did this if they couldn’t get money.

#### Church Arson Prevention Act

The S. 1980 (104th): Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 was introduced to Congress on June 19, 1996, but died because the Senate Committee found some places for improvement of the bill. It was sponsored by congressman Duncan Faircloth. On May 23, 1996, the House of Representatives introduced H.R. 3525 (104th): Church Arson Prevention Act. The Act was passed by both houses in Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton on July 3, 1996. This bill became law number Pub.L. 104-155. It was sponsored by Republican Henry Hyde. The bill was summarized by the Congressional Research Service as follows: “ makes Federal criminal code prohibitions against, and penalties for, damaging religious property or obstructing any person’s free exercise of religious beliefs applicable where the offense is in or affects, interstate commerce.” One of the changes in the bill was the sentence increase for “defacing or destroying any religious real property because of race, color, or ethnic characteristics…” from 10 to 20 years. It also changed the statute of limitations from five years to seven years after the date the crime was committed. It reauthorizes the Hate Crimes Statistics Act.

#### National Church Arson Task Force

President Clinton created the National Church Arson Task Force (NCATF) to look for any connections among the church arsons and help take off some loads of overburdened state and local police forces. According to a first-year report to the president in June 1997, they opened investigation to 429 cases of arson, bombings, or attempted bombings of churches since January 1, 1995. In a second-year report in October 1998 to the president, they opened 241 more cases that happened between January 1, 1995, and September 8, 1998, making a total of 670 opened investigations. In a third-year report in January 2000 to the president, NCATF opened an investigation to another 157 cases making it a total of 827. They helped to solve many of these arson and bombing cases. The Task Force is now disbanded, but the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) continues to investigate church burnings that occur. The number of church arsons decreased drastically (82 percent) from 1,320 in 1980 to 240 in 2002 according to the National Fire Protection Association.

A 2013 National Fire Protection Association report found that 16% of fires at religious buildings were intentionally lit.

#### 2015

After the Charleston church shooting in June 2015, a number of suspected church arson attacks were documented.


Death of Daniel Farr

# Death of Daniel Farr

## Abstract

Daniel Farr was a British Army soldier who in 1997 died under mysterious circumstances in Catterick Garrison in North Yorkshire, England. His death was widely covered in British news media and led to the creation of the Daniel Trust.

## Service and death

Daniel Farr was a man from Market Weighton in East Yorkshire. He joined the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire in June 1996.

In 1997 Farr suddenly died at the Infantry Training Centre, in Catterick Garrison. His death was suspected by his family to have been linked to the nuclear-biological-chemical warfare training which Farr had undertaken in the weeks prior to his death.

According to Farr's mother, he had been begging to leave the Army for months before his death, and that he was absent without leave a few days before his death.

## Legacy

After Farr's death, his family made connections with the relatives of other British soldiers who have died at Catterick Garrison and also the relatives of soldiers who died as part of the deaths at Deepcut army barracks, including the family of a British soldier whose corpse had been found in his barracks with two bullet wounds.

In 2005 it was reported that his family were calling for a public inquiry examining the British Army's non-combat deaths.

Farr's mother Lynn became an activist and founded the Daniel Trust in her son's memory. She also went onto become an anti-bullying campaigner.


2024 Copa Perú

# 2024 Copa Perú

## Abstract

The 2024 Peru Cup season (Spanish: Copa Perú 2024), the largest amateur tournament of Peruvian football. The District Stage (Spanish: Ligas Distritales) started in February - March, and the National Stage (Spanish: Etapa Nacional) started in November. The winner and runner-up will be promoted to the Liga 2 and the 24 Departmental champions will be promoted to Liga 3.

## Departmental stage

Departmental Stage: 2024 Ligas Departamentales del Perú

The following list shows the teams that qualified for the National Stage.

## National Stage

In 2024 the National Stage has grown to 50 teams, and the new National Stage, designed by matchVision, is played under Regional using the POT System, with all the Regions of Peru represented. The National Stage starts in the second week of October.

This phase features the 50 teams that qualified from the Departmental Stage. Each team plays 3 games at home and 3 games away, for a total of 6 games against 3 different geographical rivals. The departmental stage winners only play against departmental runners-up, and vice versa. All the teams are positioned in one general table. After 6 matches, the team in places 1 to 32 are qualified directly to the Round of 32. The teams in places 33 to 50 are eliminated.

The winner and runner-up of the National Stage will be promoted to the Liga 2.

### League table

## Final Rounds

### Quarterfinals

### Semifinals

### Final


Strategic Air Command (film)

# Strategic Air Command (film)

## Abstract

Strategic Air Command is a 1955 American military aviation film starring James Stewart and June Allyson, directed by Anthony Mann, and released by Paramount Pictures. It was the first of four Hollywood films that depicted the role of the Strategic Air Command in the Cold War era.

Strategic Air Command was the second film released in Paramount's new widescreen format, VistaVision, in color by Technicolor and Perspecta pseudo-stereo sound. It would also be Stewart and Mann's eighth and final collaboration and the last of three films that paired Jimmy Stewart and June Allyson, the others being The Stratton Story and The Glenn Miller Story.

## Plot

In 1951, Robert "Dutch" Holland is a professional baseball player with the St. Louis Cardinals. A B-29 bomber pilot during World War II, Holland retains a commission as a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force Reserve, but is on inactive, non-drilling status. During spring training at Al Lang Field in St. Petersburg, Florida, he is recalled to active duty for 21 months. He reports to his posting at Carswell Air Force Base, a bomber base in Fort Worth, Texas, to qualify in the Convair B-36. He arrives in a civilian business suit, for which he is rebuked by General Hawkes, the commander of SAC, and replies that his uniforms are "the wrong color" (implying he has been inactive at least since the Air Force replaced the brown United States Army Air Forces uniform with a distinctive blue service dress uniform, which had occurred three years earlier in 1949). The General's character is clearly patterned after the real SAC commander of the time, General Curtis LeMay.

Holland is given a staff job with the bombardment wing at Carswell that involves a lot of flying. He soon has a B-36 crew of his own, selecting a former World War II colleague as his flight engineer, and becomes enamored with both flying and the role of SAC in deterring war. He is joined by his wife, Sally, who had not bargained on being an Air Force wife, and who struggles with his repeated absences and the dangers of flying. On any given night, Holland might find his aircraft on airborne alert far from the continental United States, in secret, only telling his wife when he returns days later. Even so, Sally tells Dutch that she is happy as long as they can be together, no matter what he decides to do with his life.

The B-36 is a complex aircraft when introduced, but improvements are being worked on all the time. One challenge was leakage from the fuel tanks, but a new fix is introduced to address this once and for all. On their next flight, Holland's crew has to fly their B-36 from Carswell AFB to Thule Air Base, Greenland. The fix does not work and one of the engines bursts into flame, causing the entire left wing to catch fire. The crew is forced to abandon the aircraft and bail out over the ice and snow of Greenland before arriving at Thule while Holland and his radar navigator stay on board for a forced landing, which causes Holland to injure his right shoulder.

Holland becomes a favorite of General Hawkes, and he is rewarded with a revised assignment flying the new Boeing B-47 Stratojet at MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, Florida, across the bay from St. Petersburg where his old baseball team continues to conduct its spring training. Promoted to "full bird" colonel and made deputy wing commander of his B-47 wing at MacDill AFB, Dutch decides, to Sally's displeasure, to remain in the Air Force, rather than return to baseball at the end of his active duty obligation.

On a full B-47 wing deployment exercise that involves flying nonstop from MacDill to Yokota Air Base in Japan, the crew encounter severe wind and storms. Low on fuel, they divert to Kadena Air Base, Okinawa. As they prepare to land, Holland realizes that his shoulder injury from the B-36 crash was worse than he thought, and his arm is almost immobile. He is unable to operate the engine power levers (throttles) during final landing phase, and he has to rely on his co-pilot to do so, while Holland works the flight controls with his left arm and two feet.

This injury not only bars Holland from further flying and causes the Air Force to medically discharge him, but also appears to threaten his baseball career. General Hawkes suggests that he would make an excellent team manager.

## Cast

- James Stewart as Lieutenant Colonel (later Colonel) Robert R. "Dutch" Holland

- June Allyson as Sally Holland

- Frank Lovejoy as General Ennis C. Hawkes

- James Millican as Major General 'Rusty' Castle

- Bruce Bennett as Colonel (later Brigadier General) Espy

- Barry Sullivan as Lieutenant Colonel Rocky Samford

- Alex Nicol as Major I. K. "Ike" Knowland

- Jay C. Flippen as Tom Dolan, manager of the St. Louis Cardinals

- Harry Morgan as Master Sergeant Bible, a B-36 flight engineer.

## Production

In real life, during World War II, Stewart had been a B-17 instructor pilot, a B-24 squadron commander, and a bomb group operations officer, completing 20 combat missions. At the time of filming, Stewart, much like the character he portrays, was also a colonel in the Air Force Reserve, serving with the Strategic Air Command when on duty and at the time was qualified as a pilot on the B-47, although much of the B-47 flying was performed by his friend and fellow Air Force pilot, Maj. (later Col.) A.W. Blizzard, Jr. Stewart's military service and lifelong interest in aviation greatly influenced the making of the film. He pushed for an authentic but sympathetic portrayal of the Strategic Air Command, which led Paramount to put together a strong cast of Hollywood veterans and production people including June Allyson, Frank Lovejoy, director Anthony Mann, and the top stunt pilot of the day, Paul Mantz. The film accurately portrays (from the perspective of the 1951 starting point of the script) the duties and responsibilities of an Air Force strategic bomber pilot, and the demands such service places on family life.

Mann later said the film "was to promote the Air Force and the idea of SAC which in itself had its own restrictions, just being a military subject. Therefore, the co-operation of the Air Force was vital, and we were held within the bounds of what they wanted. The story itself was restricted and the whole concept of its shooting was confined to what they would let me show, which is perfectly all right. I went into it purely as a service to the Air Force, and as Jimmy Stewart was of the Force, we accepted this handicap and just tried to make an exciting film, not out of the characters which were paper-mache, but out of the B3 6 and B47 - we tried to dramatic them as our two great characters."

The film includes dramatic aerial photography, credited to Thomas Tutwiler, for which it was awarded a special citation by the American National Board of Review. It is also the only motion picture to highlight the Convair B-36 (depicted in the theatrical release poster), the largest mass-produced piston-powered aircraft ever built, and the first bomber for the hydrogen bomb. The propeller-driven B-36 was then near the end of its service life and was about to be replaced by the jet-powered B-47 Stratojet, followed by the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress. The aerial footage was accompanied by a dramatic and soaring musical score composed by Victor Young.

The film was made with the full cooperation of the U.S. Air Force, and it was filmed partly on location at MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, Florida; Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado, and Carswell Air Force Base, Texas.

The baseball scenes were filmed with the cooperation of the St. Louis Cardinals at their spring training home of Al Lang Field in St. Petersburg, Florida, just across Tampa Bay from MacDill AFB.

Stewart's character is based on the real-life military career and an actual mission flown by Brigadier General Clifford Schoeffler, who crashed during an Arctic B-36 mission and survived. Brigadier General Schoeffler was on site at Carswell Air Force Base during the filming of Strategic Air Command as a consultant.

Some commentators have speculated that the plot was inspired by Boston Red Sox legend Ted Williams, a World War II veteran, who was recalled for Korean War service as a U.S. Marine Corps aviator, at the height of his baseball career.

## Reception

The Storz Mansion in Omaha, Nebraska, was the scene of opulent parties celebrating the film. Its premiere was held in Omaha, the home of Offutt AFB and of SAC Headquarters. The premiere party was held at the Mansion, with guests that included Stewart and Allyson, as well as the Strategic Air Command commander, General Curtis LeMay.

Shot in the new VistaVision process, the film was the sixth highest-grossing film of 1955. Critics were lukewarm about the performances of all except for Stewart, who was called "capable", "charming", and "competent". Public reaction centered on the spectacular aerial footage, so much so that the B-36 and B-47 aircraft were arguably the real stars of the film. Its release led to a 25 percent increase in Air Force enlistments.

Strategic Air Command was followed by two additional military aviation films that were also supportive of SAC's mission, Bombers B-52 (1957), and A Gathering of Eagles (1963).

The B-47 cockpit used in the film is now on display at the March Field Air Museum at March Air Reserve Base (former March AFB) in Riverside, California.

## Awards

- 1955 Academy Award Nomination: Best Motion Picture Story (Beirne Lay Jr.)

- 1955 National Board of Review, USA: Special Citation to recognize the film's aerial photography

## Home media

In October 2016, Strategic Air Command was released by Olive Films on DVD and Blu-ray.


INSEEC Business School

# INSEEC Business School

## Abstract

The INSEEC School of Business and Economics (French pronunciation: /ɪnsɛk/; French meaning of the acronym INSEEC: Institut des Hautes Études Economiques et Commerciales; English: Institute of Higher Studies in Economics and Commerce) is a French private business school grande école and a member of the French Conférence des grandes écoles (CGE).

The school has French, European and international campuses in Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, Chambéry, Beaune, London, Monaco, Geneva, Lausanne, Montreux, Madrid, Barcelona, Abidjan and Shanghai as well as San Francisco. It was previously called the INSEEC Business School until its renaming in 2019.

Founded in 1975 by José Soubiran in Bordeaux, the INSEEC School of Business and Economics grew gradually by acquiring other academic institutions in business administration, economics, engineering, design, social and political science in France and abroad.

INSEEC Grande Ecole is the founding school of the French private university INSEEC U now called OMNES Education.

## History

The Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics grew at a fast pace, and especially internationally, underpinned by Career Education Corporation until October 24, 2013. From a local School founded and based in Bordeaux, it has developed tiers with the American Education System via its Franco-American Business School: the MBA Institute - American BBA INSEEC Campus in Paris, which prepares French and International Students for an MBA in the United States, enabling them to obtain a diploma at the end, recognised both in Europe and in the US. Strong bounds have been created with several American Universities such as: Emory (Atlanta), Indiana University of Pennsylvania or San Francisco State University allowing students to dive into American Campuses.

- 1975: Founded by José Soubiran, a French businessman born in 1944, Knight of the Legion of Honour (French Order of Merit), founder of the first institute for psycho-motor skills.

- 1976: INSEEC was the first French Business School to sign an agreement with the University of California, Berkeley in 1976.

- 1983: Establishment of the School in Paris.

- 1988: the ECE (Ecole de Commerce Européenne): the European School of Business was founded in Lyon and Bordeaux.

- 1990: Establishment of a Campus in Lyon.

- 1994: Acquisition of the MBA Institute, a Franco-American Business School established in Paris since 1982, providing an American education and preparing French students to study in the best MBAs in the USA. The MBA Institute then became the American BBA INSEEC-MBA Institute, whose Director of Program is Robert Bradford, a San Francisco State University alumnus.

- 1996: INSEEC acquired Sup de pub, a former university from Havas EuroRSCG.

- 2003: The Chicago-based corporation Career Education Corporation, the leading American company in education, acquired the INSEEC Group.

- 2008: INSEEC Business School becomes a Grande Ecole, and thus member of the Conférence des Grandes Ecole at the Chapter of Management Schools.

- 2009: INSEEC starts a double-degree agreement with the Marburg University in Germany. INSEEC starts a tripartite agreement with Griffith College and the SRH Hochschule Berlin. The same year, establishment of INSEEC's incubating Junior Enterprise on the Bordeaux campus.

- 2010: The INSEEC Group purchases the International University of Monaco. INSEEC starts a partnership with Arts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM Engineering School).

- 2011: INSEEC starts a tripartite agreement with Tsinghua University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University

- 2012: The INSEEC Group buys the Consular Business School of Chambéry (ESC Chambéry) to create INSEEC Alpes Savoie Business School, an additional campus in the Alps. The incubant on-campus students' consulting association: INSEEC Conseil becomes officially Junior Enterprise -accredited, after being bestowed this label upon by the French National Confederation of Junior Enterprises.

- 2013: Career Education Corporation cedes its shares of the INSEEC Group. APAX Partners and BPI France acquires the INSEEC Group, making INSEEC's shareholders fully French again.

- 2014: Acquisition of CREA Geneva - Switzerland. Establishment of the Luxury Business Institute (LBI) in Shanghai.

- 2015: The ECE (Ecole de Commerce Européenne): the European School of Business becomes the BBA - INSEEC (BBA as for Business Bachelor), a 4-year American Bachelor curriculum. Establishment the same year of a Strategy Cluster in Lyon, specialised in Strategic Management. Establishment of INSEEC Wines & Spirits Campus in Beaune (Burgundy).

- 2016: Establishment of the Campus in San Francisco. APAX buys Schools from the American group Lauréate International, namely: EBS, ESCE, ECE, IFG and the CEPC.

- 2017: The INSEEC Group is renamed INSEEC U. The Grande Ecole INSEEC Business School becomes INSEEC School of Business and Economics. INSEEC Business School is AMBA -accredited. INSEEC U. acquires HEIP (French: Hautes Etudes Internationales et Politiques, established in 1899 as: Ecole des Hautes Etudes Sociales), a Higher Education Institute specialised in Political Science, Diplomacy and International Relations, with campuses in Paris, London and Lyon. Establishment of a Crea Geneva campus in Lausanne, Switzerland.

- 2018: HEIP (Hautes Etudes Internationales et Politiques - part of INSEEC U. Group) signs an agreement with Macquarie University in Sydney. Start of a cooperation with the European Think-Tank LEAP (French: Laboratoire Européen d'Anticipation Politique, English: European Laboratory of Political Anticipation) established in 1997 as "Europe2020" by Marie-Helene Caillol (the current president of LEAP) and Franck Biancheri, founder of the European student network AEGEE (French: Association des États Generaux de l'Europe).

- 2019: INSEEC U. valued at almost 1 billion Euros and becomes the first French unicorn in higher Education. The CINVEN fund buys INSEEC U. from APAX. Cooperation initiated with the Citris Foundry, an innovation and start-up incubator on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, with the HAX accelerator founded by the French entrepreneur Cyril Ebersweiler and Sean O'Sullivan, with the American multinational Sales Force, and with the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute as part of the Art + Tech programme of INSEEC U.

- 2020: INSEEC U. becomes financially the strongest Business School in France.

- 2021: INSEEC U. is renamed as OMNES Education.

- 2022: Acquisition of the EU Business School Group by OMNES Education, with campuses in Barcelona, Geneva (which is now the second campus of OMNES in Geneva), Montreux and Munich. The same year, acquisition of Centro de estudios de innovacion - a School in Marketing and Design in Madrid, Spain.

- 2023: Opening of a new campus in Brittany, in the city of Rennes.

## Values

INSEEC's values, like most other French Grande Ecoles, revolve around the humanism of the French Enlightenment era and the School of Thought of French Humanism as well as the French Renaissance. As such, French Grande Ecole Educational Institutions follow principles of universalism, knowledge emancipation and Cartesianism, following the influence of the French Encyclopedists of the 17th century.

This has led to pedagogic influences into INSEEC's Grande Ecole curriculum such as the compulsory "humanist internship", as part of which students have to carry out a work placement in a charity or an association. Other pedagogic unique features of Grande Ecole and INSEEC which are typically French and ensue from the French Enlightenment: the teaching of general culture which represents a third of the first year Grande Ecole curriculum for Freshmen. Double-degrees in law, anthropology, philosophy and humanities in general is also possible via partnerships with Bordeaux University or the UVSQ (Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University / University of Versailles / University of Paris Saclay).

## Campuses

The INSEEC Business School has campuses in:

- Paris (several campuses)

- Bordeaux (several campuses)

- Lyon

- Chambéry (in the French Alps)

- Beaune (in Burgundy)

- Rennes (Brittany)

- London, United Kingdom

- Monaco, Monaco (French Riviera)

- Geneva, Switzerland (several campuses)

- Lausanne, Switzerland

- Marseille, France

- Montreux, Switzerland

- Munich, Germany

- Madrid, Spain

- Barcelona, Spain

- Shanghai, China

- San Francisco, United States (several campuses)

- Abidjan, Ivory Coast

## Academic curricula

### Grande Ecole academic features

The Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics provides provides Grande-Ecole degrees, i.e. solely Master's Degrees, MBAs and PhDs (Grande Ecoles do not bestow diploma lower than a European Master's degree level). OMNES Education provides bachelor's degree, non-Grande Ecole Master's degrees, Grande-Ecole Master's Degrees, MBAs and Diploma, as some Schools of the OMNES group are not Grande Ecoles. A Grande Ecole, literally "Great School", is a higher education institution and part of a French league of universities, which select students via national competitive entrance examinations (in French: concours) to safeguard meritocracy and impartiality.

#### National competitive examinations as prerequesite of French Grande Ecoles

One of the prerequesite of a Grande Ecole (along with having the Grande Ecole -label), is to select students via national competitive examinations. The latter are well-acknowledged to be particularly stringent. While students prepare for these National Competitive examinations right after their high school diploma (often obtained with a magna cum laude or summa cum laude) during a two-year preparatory programme in high schools proposing such curricula; some other students will start an Undergraduate or Bachelor's degree and prepare for the national Competitive examinations along their studies at Universities or private Colleges in France or abroad. Both pathways have their own advantages and drawbacks.

For candidates coming from preparatory classes, the French national competitive examinations are organised in pools of examinations (Banque de Concours d'Épreuves). INSEEC belongs to the BCE pool. Grande Ecoles only deliver master's degree, with curricula which vary from 3 years up to 2 years (3 years, after successful completion of the national competitive examinations after an Undergraduate Degree-level; 2 years after successful completion of the national entrance competitive examination at a Bachelor-Degree level).

The most selective will enroll less than 10% of candidates, i.e. 90% of candidates are bound to fail, not because they are perform poorly, but because a handful of students performed better, which is in itself, the principle of a competitive examination. In some Grande Ecole, it is possible to retake a Grande Ecole national competitive examination as many as one wishes, whereas some others limit the possibilities to retake the examination to a maximum of three times.

### Curriculum and academic features

#### First Grande Ecole academic year (equivalent to the last year of a European Bacherlor's degree)

During the first Grande Ecole academic year, which is the equivalent of a Bachelor (sometimes referred to in French as Licence 3 or abbreviated L3), an induction week will take place, followed by a typical student orientation.

Throughout this week, groups of students will have to work out a project, not obviously dealing with business and economics, which will have to be presented along with a report in front of a panel of professors. The goal is to foster group work, team spirit, break the ice among first year students, meet milestones deliverables and train student to defend a thesis in front of a jury, in an academic and corporate way.

At the end of the first year, students have to complete the "Corporate Ethnological Mission". As part of this mission, students form groups and have to draw lots for a randomised subject, which they will have to study in an ethnological fashion. The students' group will be chaperoned by a professor and will have to deliver a Thesis -like report after thorough experts' interviews and literature research, which will be defended in front of a jury during a Viva Voce.

The Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business and Economics proposes an elective one-week intensive military training with the National Active Non-Commissioned Officers School (ENSOA), a French military academy. This military training often takes place at the end of the first Grande Ecole academic year.

During the first year, students will study from scratch or study again the fundamentals of Business and Management until the first semester of the second academic year, as some new enrolled students do not always have an academic background in business studies. Indeed, as long as you pass the National selective examination with a successfully validated undergraduate degree or bachelor's degree, you can get enrolled in a Grande Ecole. General culture plays a prominent role in the first year of the Grande Ecole curriculum and represents a third of all classes.

Studying in a partner university abroad, or on one INSEEC's campuses abroad is possible during the first year.

#### Second Grande Ecole academic year (equivalent to the first year of a European Master's degree)

During the second semester of the second academic year, students can specialize in a major of their own liking: Corporate Finance and Accounting, Market Finance, Strategic Marketing, Operational Marketing, Communication and Public Relations, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. Further Specialization is possible too in terms of Languages (Japanese, Russian, Chinese, Arabic) or else. Studying abroad is possible during this year too, so is studying in another university branch of the OMNES Education group.

During, the second year, INSEEC organises across all its campuses an INSEEC Business Games too.

#### Third Grande Ecole academic year (equivalent to the second and last year of a European Master's degree)

During this third and last year, students who remained in France have a strong academic focus on their major during the first semester. During this same semester, Professor-Researchers from their respective INSEEC laboratories will teach quantitive and qualitative tools for research-purposes, in order to prepare students in advance for their Grande Ecole Master's Thesis; before the start of the second semester, during which students will carry out their last compulsory internship. At the end of the INSEEC Grande Ecole curriculum, students must have carried out a minimum of 11 months of compulsory internship (with an average of 11,82 months during the academic years 2017 and 2020) and a maximum of 41 months; and must have spent at least 6 months abroad, without exceeding a maximum of 41 months either.

The third Grande Ecole academic year is also the main year (but not the only one) for Erasmus exchanges, semesters abroad and Double-Master's Degrees with partner universities.

Since 2007, during the third academic year, the Crisis Management Night takes place, during which students are trained to react to crisis situations. Students will come to the School's campus at 10pm and until dawn will have to form groups in order to solve problems, following pre-defined scenarios prepared by the faculty. Changes to the scenario happen every hour and students must provide deliverables throughout the night, as per defined milestones. Students studying abroad from a partner university are exempted from this programme. Students from other Higher Education Institutions, such as the student magistrates from the Bordeaux National School for the Judiciary (in French: Ecole National de la Magistrature) are invited to the Crisis Night.

Along those lines, as part of the main final examinations at INSEEC, a Viva Voce, in French: Grand Oral (often abbreviated as: Grand O') must be taken in order to complete graduation, during which every students will randomly be attributed a subject to present and defend in front of a jury. Many Grandes Ecoles use Grande Oral as part of their selective examinations or final examinations.

## Agreements

INSEEC has woven a network of 183 partner-Universities in 41 countries and 300 international students hosted throughout the OMNES Education campuses every year. In total, the whole INSEEC gathers 515 international academic agreements. In 2016, INSEEC Business School was the fourth Grande Ecole in France with the highest number of students studying abroad.

### Agreements

- The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

- Georgetown University, Washington D.C.

- University of California, Berkeley

- Sorbonne University - Paris

- Panthéon Assas University - Paris

- Renmin University - Beijing (人民大学 - 北京)

- Fudan University (复旦大学)

- University of Shanghai (上海大学)

- University of International Business and Economics - Beijing (对外经济贸易大学)

- Copenhagen Business School

- Grande Ecole Engineering School: École centrale d'électronique

- HEIP (School of Higher International and Political Studies, French: Hautes Etudes Internationales et Politiques), formerly named School of Higher Social Studies (French: École des hautes études sociales) founded in 1894 by Dick May. The Graduate and Doctoral School of HEIP: Center for Diplomatic & Strategic Studies (CEDS) Paris

- The Graduate and Doctoral School of HEIP: Center for Diplomatic & Strategic Studies (CEDS) Paris

### Dual Degrees and Tripartite Degrees

- Tsinghua University (清华大学),

- The UVSQ (Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University / University of Versailles / University of Paris Saclay) for Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate of Business.

- Bordeaux University,

- International University of Monaco

- University of Granada

- SRH Hochschule Berlin

- Macquarie University

- University of Marburg (ACQUIN -accredited)

- Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences: triple crown (AMBA, AACSB, EFMD) double Master's Degree partner university

- HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management (AASCB and ACQUIN -accredited)

- Arts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM Engineering School)

- École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") – often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is the foremost French military academy

- ISM University of Management and Economics

- Assumption University of Thailand

- RWTH Aachen

## Rankings

INSEEC Business School ranked 7th out of 60 universities in a ranking from Canévet & Associates, a French consultancy. The main criterion of the ranking was the employability of alumni in the top 25 most attractive companies in France.

In the table below, the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics ranks in average 21st (weighted arithmetic mean) best Grande Ecole Business School in France from 2008 until 2022 by the following magazines, consulting companies and institutions: L'Etudiant Magazine, Le Figaro, Challenges, Le Point, Le Parisien, SMBG / Eduniversal, SIGEM (French Integration System for Grandes Ecoles of Management via Preparatory Classes).

INSEEC's worst ranking was given by the French magazine Le Point for the year 2009: 36th and best ranked by the French magazine Challenge in 2008: 12th followed by the French daily Newspaper Le Parisien in 2012 and again in 2013 (13th). All maximum ranking values are written in bold in the chart below, for each issuer, and all worst rankings are underlined. The total amount of French Grande Ecole Business Schools fluctuates yearly owing to several reasons. First, the Grande Ecole parent organisation (Conférence des Grandes Ecoles) has been continuously integrating new members by bestowing its Grande Ecole-label upon these new Business Schools. Second, along this phenomenon, the French Grande Ecole Business Schools ' landscape has witnessed an unprecedented trend of inter-schools mergers and acquisitions. In short, the average total number of French Grande Ecole Business Schools oscillates up to roughly 40 Schools, but can overtake this value. For instance, in its ranking published in the year 1999, Le Nouvel Economiste ranked up to 51 Grande Ecole Business Schools.

Other sister-Business Schools of the INSEEC School of Business & Economics, such as the EBS - European Business School (European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD) -accredited) ranked 92nd best worldwide in the professional ranking of world universities compiled by the French Engineering Grande Ecole Paris Mines in 2011. This ranking is based on the number of alumni currently holding the position of CEO in one of the 500 largest companies in the world according to the Fortune Global 500 ranking established by the American business magazine Fortune.

## Campus life

### Students' associations

Similarly to many French Grande Ecoles, INSEEC School of Business & Economics hosts more than 30 students' associations on-campus which spans a wide array of missions: charity, gourmet food, wine, sports, arts, digital media, debate, video games, to cite a few.

The students' association landscape in most French Grande Ecole revolves around three major associations: BDE (Bureau des Etudiants, in French: Students' Association), BDS (Bureau des Sports, in French: the Association of Sports), BDA (Bureau des Arts, in French: the Association of Arts) following a one-year rotation via elections. Any students on-campus can vote to elect a team led by a president and vice-president for each BDE, BDS and BDA. The BDE is in charge of organising students' life in general, for example: students' well-being on-campus, discounts at local restaurants or shops around the school, students' night life. The BDS and BDA embody a similar role but will organise activities: Sports for the BDS (sports events, students' rugby league, sailing classes, cruises & events for students of the OMNES Education 's Schools, sailing competitions against other Grande Ecoles such as The EDHEC Sailing Cup ("ESC") (Course Croisière EDHEC or "CCE" in French) is the leading student sporting event in Europe and the world's biggest intercollegiate offshore regatta) and the Arts for the BDA (on-campus concerts, events, visits of museums, cinema on-campus, classes of theatrical performance at the National Theatre of Bordeaux).

As usual in most Grande Ecole, a Gala soirée is organised once every academic year - not to be confused with the graduation ceremony. Usually, an on-campus student association is solely dedicated to organise this annual event. At INSEEC, the election results of a BDE (Bureau des Etudiants, in French: Students' Association) unfolds during the yearly Gala soirée evening.

### Online and on-campus broadcasting services

INSEEC also broadcasts its own media stream: INSEEC TV, consisting in short videos about Economics, Business, Political Science, Sociology and Pedagogy, where academic experts from the OMNES Education institution or from the Research Laboratories the INSEEC School of Business & Economics can debate, share new ideas or present their latest academic research.

### Start-ups and spin-offs incubators

INSEEC hosts 6 business incubators along with Junior Entreprises. A Junior Enterprise is a typical Students' founded incubating campus-based association, which business model is based upon consulting services provided to local customers, where student's are in charge of its profitability and management. The management team's turnover of such on-campus micro-enterprises follow academic years. Junior Enterprises are often found on Grande Ecole campuses, although not exclusive to Grande Ecoles.

Companies incubators such as the Incub'INSEEC (also called Innov'INSEEC) in Paris and Bordeaux differ from Junior Entreprises (often called: Junior, by students in France), as their goal is not to create an on-campus entrepreneurial association in consulting, but rather to foster entrepreneurship by helping alumni and current students to establish their own start-up. Incub'INSEEC will provide infrastructures, workshops, conferences, commodities, communication networks in order to underpin students' and alumni's nascent entrepreneurial projects. Junior Entreprise follow a different set of rules and prerequisites. Unlike companies stemming from Innov'INSEEC, they are no spin-offs. They are dedicated to students in order to sharpen their entrepreunarial spirit and put into practise their theoretical knowledge. As such, students will have to carry out assignments (called missions) for local customers, such as accountancy and finance audits, consulting services in communication and marketing. Another distinctive feature of Junior Entreprise: they need to pass several years of testing and audits in order to be certified by a National Organisation as Junior Entreprise. They are bestowed upon this accreditation by the French National Confederation of Junior Enterprises (in French: Confédération nationale des Junior-Entreprises - CNJE) founded in 1969.

### INSEEC Junior Enterprise

The first Junior Entreprise of INSEEC is INSEEC Conseil on the Bordeaux Campus of the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics, which officially became a Junior Entreprise-accredited by the French National Confederation of Junior Enterprises in 2012. Amongst its most notorious customers, it counts the French transnational company Veolia in Transport, Water and Waste Treatment or the multinational company in accounting services KPMG, Coca-Cola or France second biggest regional daily press in terms of issuance in 2019, the Bordeaux-based Sud-Ouest newspaper. As Junior Enterprises are associations, they can get sponsors. INSEEC Conseil is sponsored by the French Bank: BNP Paribas, the world's eighth largest bank by total assets.

### Bloomberg Terminal

For training-purposes, a Bloomberg trading room is available on the Campus of Paris and Bordeaux, for students enrolled in the Financial Markets major, during the last year of the Grande Ecole Curriculum. A Bloomberg Aptitude Test can be taken on both campus too.

### Paris Leadership Week

Twice a year, during the second and last year of Master's degrees students, experts in geopolitics and in management, as well as senior executives are invited to talk in English and in French, about the latest management method and trends, and latest geopolitical developments on the international scene. The impact of management on society is discussed, but also the inter-dependences of each academic disciplines. Key-note speakers are usually senior executives from SMEs and multinational corporations working in fields such as Finance, Sports management, Marketing, Business Development, Human Resources; but also management experts, consultants, sociologists and experts in international affairs.

### Inter-campus debates and rhetoric contests.

Debates and rhetoric competitions are organised on-campus, but also inter-campus, where INSEEC can compete against other Schools of the OMNES Education group, along with courses in eloquence given at INSEEC's campuses.

### Optional military training

The Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business and Economics holds a one-week intensive military training with the National Active Non-Commissioned Officers School.

### INSEEC Business Games

Every year, students enrolled in the second semester of the Grande Ecole Master's degree first academic year will attend the Business Games, which is an on-campus event, during which students are confronted to a business case, but are free in the way they can appraise and solve it. The Business Games last a week, are not inter-campus Games and bestow the best teams in a general ranking, and according to a specific ranking too, in which the teams which performed the best in either Marketing, Sales, Finance / Accounting or Strategy will be bestowed upon a prize from a Jury composed of Scholars and Executives invited on-campus for the occasion.

## Notable alumni

- Michel Landel, born in Meknes, Morocco. He was the CEO, Director and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Sodexo until January 2018.

- Jacques-Antoine Granjon, French entrepreneur and CEO of Veepee

- Arthur Sadoun, French businessman, chairman & CEO of Publicis Group

- Christophe Blanchet, Politician and Deputy at the French National Assembly

- Julien Noble, President of international Marketing at the global headquarters of Universal Pictures.

- Sébastien Missoffe, Vice President & Managing Director France at Google

- Olivier de Muret de Labouret, Group Consolidation Manager at Kering, and founder of INSEEC's incubating Junior Enterprise on the Bordeaux campus in 2009.

- Sophie Boardman, Vice President of Products at Gaynor Minden.

- Jean-François Raudin, General Manager France at Air Canada

- Victoria Dellinger, Public Relations and Partnerships Officer of the UNESCO (United Nations)

- Laura Georges, former professional football player

- William Rozé, Member of the Capgemini Group Executive Committee and former CEO of Altran (now called: Capgemini Engineering)

- Arnaud Deschamps, vice-president at Nestlé | Head of Nescafé Dolce Gusto

- Cyril Baillardran, CEO at Canelés Baillardran

- Stanislas de Bentzmann, cofounder of Devoteam and former director of KEDGE Business School

- Philippe Claverol, Vice-president - Sales and Marketing - Stellantis

- Frédéric Grangié, President of Chanel Watches and Jewelry

- Georges-Mohamed Chérif, Founder, CEO and artistic director of Buzzman

- François Castro-Lana, co-founder of Creapills

- Vanessa Moungar, Franco - Chadian executive, INSEEC and Harvard alumnus. Head of diversity and inclusion at LVMH Director of the Gender, Women and Civil Society Department at the African Development Bank in July 2017. Appointed to the Presidential Council for Africa in 2017 of French President Emmanuel Macron.

- Head of diversity and inclusion at LVMH

- Director of the Gender, Women and Civil Society Department at the African Development Bank in July 2017.

- Appointed to the Presidential Council for Africa in 2017 of French President Emmanuel Macron.

## Alumni network

There are around 40,000 INSEEC Alumni registered on LinkedIn, and 100,000 according to the ADI (The INSEEC Alumni Association, in French: Association des Anciens de l'INSEEC).

INSEEC was in September 2016 the sixth French Grande Ecole with the largest alumni network on LinkedIn.

The three largest employers of INSEEC alumni in 2022 were Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas and AXA.

In the ranking 2021 of L'Etudiant, the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics reached a grade of 4 out of 5, the equivalent of a magna cum laude in terms of its alumni network potency which reached in 2020: 58,880.

## Notable faculty

With 77% of prominent professors amongst its faculty staff, the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics received the grade 5 out of 5, the highest grade given by L'Etudiant, the equivalent of a summa cum laude. INSEEC's faculty is composed of full-time faculty/researchers, full-time faculty/teaching faculty, adjunct professors, visiting lecturers and guests professors.

- Sylvie Faucheux, Director of Research and Academic Innovation, is an Economist and Professor / Researcher in the Economics of Sustainability, Sustainable Innovation, Management of smart cities, the Economics of Ecodistricts and Green Building. She is a knight of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, a member of the Ordre national du Mérite, a knight of the Legion of Honour and holds the Marianne d'Or award of year 2009 for her actions in favour of sustainable development.

- Erik Orsenna (second from the left), President of OMNES Education 's Academic Advisory Board, here with French President Emmanuel Macron and former Minister of Culture Françoise Nyssen. Orsenna is a London School of Economics and Science-Po Paris graduate in Philosophy, Economics and Political Science, he was a close collaborator of François Mitterrand and held several government positions in the 1980s and 1990s. He is a member of the Conseil d'État and of the Académie Française.

- Christine Albanel, President of OMNES Education 's Research Responsible Advisory Board. She is a French politician and civil servant. From May 2007 to June 2009, she was France's Minister for Culture and Communication in François Fillon 's government.

- Fathallah Sijilmassi is a Moroccan politician and economist. He is the current Secretary General of the secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean.

- Marie-Hélène Caillol is a professor in Geopolitics, Sociology, Anticipation and Political Science. She is an analyst of the global systemic transition and crisis as well as a specialist in European, Mediterranean and international affairs. With Franck Biancheri, she is the co-founder of the European Think-Tank LEAP (French: Laboratoire Européen d'Anticipation Politique, English: European Laboratory of Political Anticipation) established in 1997 as "Europe2020" and is the current President of it.

- Mary Teuw Niane is a Doctor in Mathematics, Minister of Education, Innovation and Research (from 2012 until 2019), he is currently Professor at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal.

- Gilles Moutiers, is a Doctor in Physics, Senior Expert and Programme Director in Global Security and Embedded Systems at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. He is also Chief Editor of the scientific journal European Physical Journal, Nuclear sciences and technologies section.

## Research

With originally two main research laboratories: one in Paris and one in Bordeaux, INSEEC has 5 research centres since it became the INSEEC School of Business & Economics (part of the OMNES Eductation institution). Full-time faculty researchers are fully employed by INSEEC's Research Institute on one of the INSEEC's Research Laboratory (on the campus of Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon or Monaco). At the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics, 98% of professors were doctors and 46% of them hold a PhD from abroad, according to the French magazine L'Etudiant recorded for the academic year 2018/2019, i.e. faculty staff holding a PhD, obtained in France or abroad and working as permanent professor on-campus at least 4 days a week.

Research at INSEEC revolves around the following fields:

- Risk forecasting and assessment in complex environments: Governance, risk and value creation, Finance and innovation, Mathematical models for scientific and financial purposes, Finance and economics in an era undergoing rapid global changes, Financial services, corporate governance and risk management.

- Governance, risk and value creation,

- Finance and innovation,

- Mathematical models for scientific and financial purposes,

- Finance and economics in an era undergoing rapid global changes,

- Financial services, corporate governance and risk management.

- Social transition and emergent behaviours: Social transition and emergent consumer behaviours, Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world, Smart city sensors (in cooperation with OMNES Education 's Grande Ecole Engineering School: ECE, as part of the "PI- ECE ", in French: Programme interdisciplinaire ECE; in English: ECE 's interdisciplinary research programme), International Management, Sustainability, Luxury and Hospitality.

- Social transition and emergent consumer behaviours,

- Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world,

- Smart city sensors (in cooperation with OMNES Education 's Grande Ecole Engineering School: ECE, as part of the "PI- ECE ", in French: Programme interdisciplinaire ECE; in English: ECE 's interdisciplinary research programme),

- International Management,

- Sustainability, Luxury and Hospitality.

- Creation and innovation: Social transition and emergent consumer behaviours, Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world, Smart city sensors, Innovative processes and emergent behaviours in a globalised world, Innovative luxury consumer experience management and emerging consumers behaviours.

- Social transition and emergent consumer behaviours,

- Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world,

- Smart city sensors,

- Innovative processes and emergent behaviours in a globalised world,

- Innovative luxury consumer experience management and emerging consumers behaviours.

- Smart interactions: Networks, interactions and their geography, Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (in cooperation with OMNES Education's Grande Ecole Engineering School: ECE), Global value chains, distribution & Supply Chains, Globalisation challenges for SMEs in finance, hospitability and luxury.

- Networks, interactions and their geography,

- Consumption in a globalised and digitalised world,

- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (in cooperation with OMNES Education's Grande Ecole Engineering School: ECE),

- Global value chains, distribution & Supply Chains,

- Globalisation challenges for SMEs in finance, hospitability and luxury.

According to the Magazine L'Etudiant in its yearly rankings, the quality of research articles is categorised into 5 levels of quality:

- 1*: the most prestigious level. L'Etudiant will take into account the number of articles published from 2017 until 2019 in the Scientific Journals ranked 1e, 1g and 1eg by the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and 1* by the FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education) The lower-tier research publications are taken into account separately by L'Etudiant, i.e. categories: 2, 3, 4.

- L'Etudiant will take into account the number of articles published from 2017 until 2019 in the Scientific Journals ranked 1e, 1g and 1eg by the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and 1* by the FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education)

- The lower-tier research publications are taken into account separately by L'Etudiant, i.e. categories: 2, 3, 4.

- INSEEC is a M-accredited Business School, according to the French Magazine L'Etudiant. The M-label means that the Business School considered is able to deliver Master's degrees of Science or of Arts and is involved in Research activities.

- The M-label means that the Business School considered is able to deliver Master's degrees of Science or of Arts and is involved in Research activities.

- Research productivity: The INSEEC School of Business and Economics has been bestowed upon the grade 12,2 out of 20, the equivalent of a cum laude (3 Points out of 5) by the French Magazine L'Etudiant in terms of Research Productivity in 2021. The criterion " Research Productivity " is a ranking criterion taking into account the number of articles and their quality published by professors a considered Business School within the last three years, in that case: from the 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2019. Those publications must be affiliated to the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education), the whole divided by the Business School's numbers of students. This criterion indicates the performance of the School according to its size.

- The criterion " Research Productivity " is a ranking criterion taking into account the number of articles and their quality published by professors a considered Business School within the last three years, in that case: from the 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2019. Those publications must be affiliated to the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education), the whole divided by the Business School's numbers of students. This criterion indicates the performance of the School according to its size.

- Research potency / output: The INSEEC School of Business and Economics has been bestowed upon the distinction " Very Good " and a grade of 4 out 5, the equivalent of a magna cum laude, by the French Magazine L'Etudiant in 2021. The criterion " Research potency / output " takes into account the number and the quality of research articles of the last three years, i.e. 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2019. Those publications must be affiliated to the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education), ranging from category 1* being the most prestigious scientific literature publishers to 4, being the least prestigious. The intermediate prestige-tiers are ranked in descending order of importance: 1, 2, 3. This criterion enables big performers, i.e. large schools with significant Research resources to stand out in terms of quality and quantity of submitted scientific papers.

- The criterion " Research potency / output " takes into account the number and the quality of research articles of the last three years, i.e. 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2019. Those publications must be affiliated to the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and FNEGE (French National Foundation for Management Education), ranging from category 1* being the most prestigious scientific literature publishers to 4, being the least prestigious. The intermediate prestige-tiers are ranked in descending order of importance: 1, 2, 3. This criterion enables big performers, i.e. large schools with significant Research resources to stand out in terms of quality and quantity of submitted scientific papers.

The Research Laboratories of the Grande Ecole INSEEC School of Business & Economics are part of a larger construct involving the whole OMNES Education. The Research Network of OMNES Education involves Grande Ecole Business Schools & Engineering Schools throughout several French & European Research Laboratories. The research topics revolve around the OMNES Education 's core specialties and academic offer. The cornerstones of Research at INSEEC are twofold: multidisciplinarity and transversal syllabi, in order to foster knowledge cross-seeding and bridge synergies between laboratories and faculty staff. The PI-ECE (ECE- Lyon Interdisciplinary Program), focusing on Smart City sensors, exemplifies these two pillars well.

In total, there are five research laboratories for nine campuses, which involve around 120 Research Professors. During the first year of the Grande Ecole Master's Degree, students can carry out an introductory course in the form of a pedagogic project (called in French Mission de Recherche, in English: Research Mission), in a research subject of their own liking amongst the INSEEC research specialities, where the-said students will be chaperoned by a Professor Researcher during several weeks. The final project will have to be defended in front of a panel of INSEEC 's researchers and professors during a Viva Voce, including the submission of a report written in a research article fashion. The same year, in other words in the run-up of the final Grande Ecole year, students are also trained by Professor Researchers to use quantitative and qualitative research tools in order to carry out and analyse as well as defend their Master's Thesis in front of a Jury, as part of the Grande Ecole final Viva Voce, which takes place along the so-called Grand Oral (Viva Voce of General Culture and often abbreviated in French as Grand O).

## Accreditation and memberships

The INSEEC School of Business and Economics is AMBA -accredited and a member of Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). It has received accreditation from the Union of Independent Grandes Écoles, EFMD, VISA (in French: Le visa du ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, in English: Approval of the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research), DD-RS (in French: Développement durable et responsabilité sociétale, in English: Sustainability and Societal Responsibility), CEF DG (in French: Commission d'évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestion, in English: National Commission for the Evaluation of Training and Qualifications in Management), the latter enables French business schools via the decree number 2001–295 on April 4, 2001, to be accredited as a master's degree -level higher education institution.