# List of White Pass and Yukon Route locomotives and cars

## Abstract

The White Pass and Yukon Route railroad has had a large variety of locomotives and railroad cars.

## White Pass steam locomotives

Locomotives with dark grey have been scrapped, while locomotives with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## White Pass gasoline-mechanical locomotives

Locomotives with dark grey have been scrapped, while locomotives with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## White Pass diesel-electric locomotives

Locomotives with dark grey have been scrapped, while locomotives with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## White Pass passenger cars

Cars with dark grey have been scrapped, while cars with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## Existing White Pass freight train cars

Cars with dark grey have been scrapped, while cars with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## Existing White Pass work equipment

cars with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## Existing White Pass inspection track units

cars with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## Former White Pass flatcars now serving as underframes

cars with light grey have been either put on display, or sold to other railroads.

## Existing White Pass car bodies detached from trucks

Car bodies with light grey have been either put on display or sold.

## Pre-1898-built White Pass Freight Cars

Cars with dark grey have been scrapped.

## Former White Pass off-rail equipment on display

The White Pass & Yukon Route had been a multi-modal transportation company that was dominant in the region throughout most of the 20th Century. Equipment with light grey have been either put on display or sold.

## Origins of White Pass station, passenger car, and preserved boat names

Aishihik is the English adaptation of the Southern Tutchone metaphor a shè yi, which literally means its tail hanging down, and which figuratively refers to the shape of the bay at the north end of Aishihik Lake. Although Aishihik (a shè yi) is the English and Tlingit name for both the lake and the village at the north end of the lake, it is the Southern Tutchone name only for the village. The lake's name in Southern Tutchone had been Man Shӓw. Aishihik Lake located 28 kilometers north of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1546, via Aishihik Lake Road. Aishihik River located at Alaska Highway Kilometer 1547.5.

Alaska is the English adaptation of the Aleut idiom alaxsx-a, which figuratively refers to mainland Alaska. Literally, it means object to which the action of the sea is directed (alax + sx-a).

Alsek is the English adaptation of the Tlingit verb theme aa łsêxh, which means a person habitually rests. It was the name of a Nóogaa (Tlingit) village located on the pre-1891 Upper Alsek River (post-1891 Tatshenshini River), near the mouth of the O'Connor River. Alsek River flows into the Gulf of Alaska.

American Shed was named for a snow shed on the American side of White Pass, which existed until the 1980s. This name distinguished this shed from a snow shed on the Canadian side of White Pass.

Annie Lake was named for Annie Austin (1870–1950), widow of Charles "Dawson Charlie" Henderson (co-discoverer of gold in the Klondike). Lake located 19 kilometers southwest of Robinson, via Annie Lake Road.

Atlin is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase áa tlein, which means large lake. Atlin Lake located 96 kilometers south of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1342, via Atlin Road.

Bare Loon Lake was named for skinny dipping and wailing loons. 1970s Chilkoot Trail hikers sometimes skinny dipped and sometimes heard loons wail at this lake. This lake provided those hikers their last opportunity to bathe before boarding the train at Bennett. Un -officially named "Beaver Lake." This lake is at Chilkoot Trail Kilometer 46.7 and to the west of WP&YR Mile Post 37.

Barry was named for Donald E. Barry (1944-2000), WP&YR conductor. Station renamed to Vista in 2007 or 2008.

"Beaver Lake" is the un -official name for Bare Loon Lake, which is at Chilkoot Trail Kilometer 46.7 and to the west of WP&YR Mile Post 37. There are at least 14 other "Beaver Lake"s in British Columbia.

Bennett and Bennett Lake were named for James Gordon Bennett, Jr. (1841–1918), son of the founder of the New York Herald. The lake was originally one of at least four lakes which had borne the Tlingit name kusawa. Bennett also located at Chilkoot Trail Kilometer 53.1.

Bernard Lake was named for James Bernard "Ben" Moore (1865-1919), who helped establish the White Pass Trail. Un -officially named "Fraser Lake." Lake located at Mile Post 27.7 and at Klondike Highway Kilometer 36.5, adjacent to the Fraser station.

Big Kalzas Lake was named for Kalzas (fl. 1859), a Northern Tutchone employee of the Hudson's Bay Co.

Big Salmon Lake was named for the Big Salmon River, which flows through the lake. Big Salmon River took its name from its Tagish, Tlingit, and Northern Tutchone names, which translate to water in which there is large chinook (king) salmon. Big Salmon Lake is 9 kilometers downstream from the river’s headwaters at Quiet Lake. Quiet Lake is at South Canol Road Kilometer 98.5.

Black Cross Rock is a large fallen rock with grave marker, which commemorates two construction workers who were accidentally crushed and buried by this rock on August 10, 1898. This accident occurred during blasting operations. One of the workers was Maurice Dunn (1861-1898), who had lived in Michigan and California. The other worker is "supposed to be", "A. Jeneaux," but there is little corroboration for that latter name.

Black Lake was named for the lake's dark appearance, which is caused by the presence of tannic acid and by the lake's not being fed by glacial runoff. Lake located on the Klondike Highway between Mile 4 and Mile 5.

Boulder was named for boulders located in the Skagway River at this location.

British Columbia was indirectly named for Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), by way of five iterations. Christopher Columbus was the eponym for the name Columbia, a reference to the New World. Columbia was the eponym for the Columbia Rediviva, a privately-owned ship built as Columbia in 1773, and rebuilt in 1787. The Columbia Rediviva was the eponym for the Columbia River, into which that ship entered in 1792. The Columbia River was the eponym for the Columbia District, a fur trading district named in 1810. Finally, the Columbia District was the eponym for British Columbia, which was the portion of the Columbia District that lay in Canada and was named in 1858.

Canyon is named for Miles Canyon, to which it is adjacent. Miles canyon is named for Lt. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, who sent 1Lt. Frederick G. Schwatka on his journey along the Yukon River in 1883.

Carcross was shortened from Caribou Crossing to Carcross in 1904, because of frequent confusion in mail services. Named Caribou Crossing from 1900 to 1904. Prior to 1900, the name Caribou Crossing had applied to where most caribou actually crossed – the narrows at Ten Mile Point, which is located three miles east of present-day Carcross, and which divides Nares Lake from Tagish Lake. The Tagish name for these narrows was Médzíh É’oł, and the Tlingit name for these narrows was Watsíx Naakwaaní Yé. The name Caribou Crossing was moved from Ten Mile Point to present-day Carcross in 1900, when the railroad arrived and appropriated the name. Prior to 1900, present-day Carcross had been Upper Caribou Crossing. The Tagish name for Upper Caribou Crossing (present-day Carcross) had been Todezáané. The Tlingit name for Upper Caribou Crossing had been Naadaashaa Héeni. Carcross also located at Klondike Highway Kilometer 105.6.

Carr-Glynn was named for Sir Sidney Carr Glynn (1835-1916), first chairman of the WP&YR. Site located at the south end of Carr-Glynn Lake, 12 kilometers south of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1428.3: three kilometers via Fish Lake Road, plus 9 kilometers via Copper Haul Road.

Chilkat is the English adaptation of a Tlingit name of unknown origin, but circumstantial evidence suggests that it was an abbreviation (or remnant) of a clause which means river that brings the storehouse(s) sockeye salmon. In 1882, the Chilkat River’s name was recorded as "Tschilkat-hīn," or Chíl Gaat Héen. Standing alone, Chíl Gaat Héen is not even a complete phrase, because it contains only three alienable nouns that are not grammatically linked. In addition, Chíl Gaat Héen does not appear to be an Eyak loanword, because the Eyak language was too far away, because héen is not an Eyak word, and because chíl was probably inherited from the ancestor language, common to both Tlingit and Eyak, instead of having been loaned from one offspring to the other. In fact, chíl gaat héen looks like a clause that is missing the verb. The three nouns, chíl gaat héen, are in the correct sequence, so that if the adverb yaa and the verb na-ø-tee-n were added at the end, then the resulting clause would accurately describe the Chilkat River. Chíl-de gaat héen yaa na-tee-n means river that brings the storehouse(s) sockeye salmon – which in fact describes the Chilkat River. (The constituent word order of a Tlingit clause is: indirect object equivalent, then direct object, then subject, followed by the verb.) In addition, the meaning of this clause would also explain why “Chilkat” had not been the Tlingit name for Chilkat Lake. Chilkat Lake’s Tlingit name had been Áa Ká. The name Chilkat was officially assigned to the lake in 1880 by the U.S. Navy. Chilkat River extends sinuously between Haines Highway Miles 4.3 and 23.8. Chilkat Lake located six miles south of Haines Highway Mile 26.2, four miles via the Chilkat Lake Road, and two miles via shallow rivers (on jetboat or snowmobile).

Chilkoot is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase chál-góot, which means without a storehouse. This name was a reference to the Chilkoot Indians' having stored fish packed in snow between alder or willow branches, instead of in storehouses. Chilkoot Lake located 10 miles north of Haines: 9 miles via Lutak Road and 1 mile via Chilkoot Lake Road.

Chilkoot Trail is a partial translation of the trail’s Tlingit name, namely Chilkoot Dei-yi \dāyee\, which means Chilkoot- owned Trail. The trail’s English name omits the reference to ownership. The trail extends 33.0 miles/53.1 kilometers, from Dyea Road Mile 7.2 to Bennett Station. The second word of Chilkoot Dei-yi sounds like the original pronunciation of the name of Dyea village (the English adaptation = \dīyee\ – note that Tlingit did not have the English long ī sound). Prior publications state that the name Dyea is the English adaptation of the words for “to pack” or “carrying place”. However, the presence of the initial \d\ sound in Dyea casts doubt on those latter possibilities, and suggests that the first syllable was in fact dei (as in dei-yi). Use of the name Dyea for its present location first occurred in 1886, when John J. Healy (1840-1908) and Edgar Wilson (1842-1895) opened a trading post there. This structure burned down in 1920. Its site, about 0.6 mile south of the Taiya River bridge, is now near a campground parking lot. (Note the distinction between the Tlingit possessed noun Dei-yi, and the Tlingit phrase Dei Yé. This distinction is reflected in the difference between the English names Dyea and Taiya (inlet name, river name). See, Taiya, below.)

Choutla was the English adaptation of the Southern Tutchone idiom chu dläw, which figuratively refers to the waterfalls that feed Choutla Lake. Literally, it means laughing water. This name was coined in 1911 by Bishop Isaac O Stringer as the name for a nearby school. Choutla Lake located six kilometers east of Klondike Highway Kilometer 65.7, via Tagish Road.

Clifton was named for the rock ledge overhanging the tracks at this location.

Combo is an abbreviation for combined passenger and baggage car.

Copper River was named for abundant copper deposits along the upper river. River flows along portions of the Glenn Highway, Richardson Highway, Edgerton Highway, and Copper River Highway.

Cougar Lake was the name of Cowley Lake until sometime between 1941 & 1947. Lake located at former Mile Post 94.7.

Cowley and Cowley Lake were named for Isaac Cowley Lambert (1850–1909), chairman of the construction company which built the WP&YR railroad. Lake named Cougar Lake until sometime between 1941 & 1947. Cowley Station access road at Klondike Highway kilometer 148.1. Cowley Lake located at former Mile Post 94.7.

Crag Lake was named for the crag which overlooks the lake. Lake located 13 kilometers east of Klondike Highway Kilometer 65.7, via Tagish Road.

Crater Lake was named for the lake's crater-like appearance. Lake extends between Chilkoot Trail Kilometers 26 and 28.

De Wette was named for Auguste C. R. de Wette (1845-1912), banker and early shareholder of the WP&YR. Station had been named Wette Lea until 1901.

Dease Lake was named for Peter Warren Dease (1788–1863), chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Co. Lake located 226 kilometers south of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1002, via Cassiar Highway.

Denver was named in 1904 for the four-mile distant Denver Glacier. Until that year, the station had been named Viaduct. The Denver Glacier had been named in 1899 or 1900 for Denver, Colorado, by two former Denver residents, WP&YR civil engineer Alfred Williams and company photographer Harry C. Barley.

Dewey Lake most likely named for Adm. George Dewey (1837–1917), U.S. Navy. Lake located 1 ⁄ 2 mile east of Skagway, via steep hiking trail.

Dezadeash is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase dáas’aa kayáash, which means snare platforms (for fishing). Dezadeash Lake extends between Haines Highway kilometers 193 and 210.

Divide is the loop track switch, just north of White Pass. May have been named for the drainage divide between the Skagway River and Yukon River drainage basins, the actual divide being about a mile south of this point.

Drury Lake was named for William S. Drury (1870–1953) of Taylor & Drury, Yukon merchants.

Dugdale was named for James Dugdale (1842-1903), an early White Pass shareholder. Dugdale not to be confused with Dundalk, below.

Dundalk most likely named by Michael J. Heney for the port city 57 miles east of Killeshandra, Ireland. Heney's parents had emigrated from Killeshandra to Canada in 1854, probably via Dundalk. The parents were Thomas Heney (1832-1892) and Mary Ann (McCourt) Heney (1834-1911). Dundalk not to be confused with Dugdale, above.

Ear Lake was named for the shape of the adjacent lake.

Emerald Lake was named for the blue and green light from the surrounding trees that is reflected by the lake's marl bed. Lake located at Klondike Highway kilometer 117.6.

Fairweather Lake most likely named for the lake at Cape Fairweather, one mile from the Gulf of Alaska and at the foot of Fairweather Glacier. The Cape had been named Fairweather by Capt. James Cook for the good weather he had encountered there in 1778. The glacier and lake subsequently took their names from the cape. (There is a less likely Fairweather Lake at a remote location in eastern Yukon.)

Fantail Lake was named for the fantail hitch, which is a dogsled hitch in which there is a separate tug line connecting each dog to the sled. The dogs are thereby fanned out in front of the sled. Also known as a fan hitch. The fantail hitch is less common than the gangline (or tandem) hitch, in which a common tug line runs between two tandems of dogs, and each dog is connected to that common tug line. The ice on Fantail Lake constituted part of the Fantail Trail, the winter dogsled trail that extended between Log Cabin and Atlin, British Columbia. The lake extends from 20 to 29 miles east of Log Cabin, via the trail.

Finlayson Lake was named for Duncan Finlayson (1796–1862), chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Co. Lake located 231 kilometers north of Alaska Highway Kilometer 980, via Campbell Highway.

Fortymile River was so named because it joins the Yukon River 40 miles below (west-northwest of) Old Fort Reliance. Fortymile River located 48 kilometers north of Top of the World Highway Kilometer 59.2, via Clinton Creek Road.

Fox Lake is presumably named for the red fox, which is found throughout the Yukon. Lake received the name Fox by 1940, when a landing field was built near the lake's location, but before a highway was there. The lake's previous Southern Tutchone name had been Kwätan'aya Mân. The lake now extends between Klondike Highway kilometers 238 and 248.

Foy was named for Hugh Foy (1842-1899), White Pass Superintendent of Construction.

Frances Lake was named for Lady Frances Simpson (1812–1853), wife of Hudson's Bay Co. governor, George Simpson. Lake located 171 kilometers north of Alaska Highway Kilometer 980, via Campbell Highway.

Fraser was named for Duncan C. Fraser (1845-1910), a Member of Parliament from Nova Scotia. Fraser also located at Klondike Highway kilometer 36.5.

"Fraser Lake" is the un official name for Bernard Lake. Lake located at Mile Post 27.7 and at Klondike Highway kilometer 36.5, adjacent to the Fraser station. A larger and more famous lake in British Columbia is officially named Fraser Lake.

Gateway was probably named for the WP&YR slogan "Gateway to the Yukon," and for the fact that this location has the highest elevation on entire White Pass railroad, at 2940 feet.

Glacier was named for groundwater seepage and freezing at this location. In the early 1900s, this phenomenon was also referred to as a glacier.

Goat Lake is named for the high concentration of mountain goats in the area. Lake is 1921 feet above, and supplies the water for, Pitchfork Falls at Mile Post 9.5.

Gravel Pit was named for an adjacent gravel pit.

Graves and Samuel H. Graves were named for Samuel H. Graves (1852-1911), the first president of WP&YR. In 1885, Graves had become an associate of Close Brothers, the firm that later financed the WP&YR. Graves station renamed to Scheffler in 2016.

Guardrail Curve was named for the 24° curve, sharpest on the railroad, which until the 1970s, had a third, safety rail – a.k.a., a guardrail.

Gulch was named for the confluence of Dead Horse Gulch and Switchback Gulch. See, Skagway River Branches, below.

Hannan was named for Kenneth B. Hannan (1889-1976), White Pass General Manager in 1949, when the snow shed was erected. Shed removed in 1992. Site renamed to Hawkins in 2019.

Hawkins was named for Erastus C. Hawkins (1860-1912), chief engineer for construction of the White Pass railway. The two flatcars near the bottom of the hillside at this location are former WP&YR ##483 and 1015, carried down in a 1977 snowslide. Site named Hannan until 2019.

Heney and Michael J. Heney were named for Michael J. Heney (1864-1910), the labor contractor who built the WP&YR railroad. Heney station was eliminated in 2019.

Homan Lake was named for Charles A. Homan (1847–1918), U.S. Army topographer who accompanied 1Lt. Frederick G. Schwatka along the Yukon River in 1883.

Hutshi is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase hóoch’ áayi, which means last lake. Hutshi Lake was so named because it was the northern-most lake on three Chilkat trade routes, the Neskatahin Trail, the Goat Creek Trail, and the Big Glacier Trail. Hutshi Lake located 48 kilometers north of Champagne (Alaska Highway Kilometer 1513), via the Neskatahin Trail.

Inspiration Point was named for the vista seen from this location.

Jennings Lake was named for William T. Jennings (1846–1906), civil engineer who assessed various railroad and road routes to the Yukon.

Johns Lake was named for Johnnie Johns (1898-1988), Carcross-based outfitter and guide.

Kathleen Lake was named for a girl in Berwickshire County, Scotland, left behind by William "Scotty" Hume (1868–1952), a North-West Mounted Police constable (Reg. #2259) stationed on the Dalton Trail from 1898 to 1903. Lake located 2 ⁄ 3 kilometer west of Haines Highway Kilometer 219.7, via Kathleen Lake Turnoff.

Keno was ultimately derived from a French term which means five winning numbers; a game of chance. The boat was immediately named for the Keno (silver) claim, staked in 1919 by Alfred Kirk Schellinger. Keno claim located 110 kilometers east of Klondike Highway Kilometer 535, via Silver Trail.

Klehini is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase l’éiw héeni, which means gravel river. Gravel is abundant in the Klehini River and Valley. Furthermore, the water in the Klehini is clear enough, so as to eliminate l’éiw from meaning sand or silt. River extends sinuously between Haines Highway Mile 23.8 and Kilometer 87 (corresponding to Mile 50).

Klondike is the English adaptation of the Hän idiom Tr'o Ndek, which figuratively means Hammer River. Literally, it means Chinook (King) Salmon River. The reason for the figurative meaning is that hammers had been used to erect barriers in the Klondike River, in order to catch the Chinook salmon. Klondike River extends sinuously between Klondike Highway kilometers 664 and 715.

Kluahne was an early spelling of Kluane.

Kluane is the English adaptation of the hybrid phrase lhù aani, which means whitefish place. It was derived from the Southern Tutchone word for whitefish, plus the Tlingit word for place in which there are. Kluane Lake extends between Alaska Highway kilometers 1642 and 1701.

Klukshu is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase l’ook shù, which means end of coho salmon. Klukshu Lake located 2 ⁄ 3 kilometer east of Haines Highway Kilometer 183.2, via Klukshu Turnoff.

Kusawa is a contraction of the Tlingit phrase ká-woo-sáa-oo áa, which means narrow lake. Because retreating glaciers often leave long and narrow lakes, there are at least four lakes which had borne this Tlingit name, including Kusawa Lake, Yukon, for which the coach is named. Kusawa Lake, Yukon, located 24 kilometers south of Alaska Highway kilometer 1489.1, via Kusawa Lake Road.

LaBerge Lake was named for Michael Laberge (1837-1909), a Yukon River explorer who never actually saw the lake named for him. Lake located 3 kilometers east of Klondike Highway Kilometer 225, via Deep Creek Road.

Lansdowne was named for Henry C. K. P. Fitz-Maurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1845-1927), Governor-General of Canada, 1883-1888.

Laughton Glacier Moraine can be seen in the distance between Mile Posts 14.5 and 14.8, looking southeast. It appears as a gray area against green surroundings. The glacier itself once extended onto this moraine. The glacier had been named for Maj. Gen. Henry W. Lawton (1843-1899), who was killed in the Philippine–American War.

"LeBarge Lake" is a misspelling of Laberge Lake.

"Lewes Lake" misspells the surname of Alfred B. Lewis (1866-1928), chief locating engineer of the WP&YR, for whom the lake was named. Lake located at former Mile Post 83.

Liard is the French word for eastern cottonwood. Liard River extends sinuously between Alaska Highway kilometers 761 and 991.

Lindeman Lake was named for Dr. Moritz K. A. Lindeman (1823–1908), secretary to the Bremen Geographical Society. Lake extends between Chilkoot Trail kilometers 41 and 52.

Log Cabin was named for a structure which had been erected by the Tagish Indians. The name "Log Cabin," and an actual log cabin, predated any Canadian government structure at this location.

Lorne was named for John D. S. Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (1845-1914), Governor-General of Canada, 1878-1883.

Lynx Lake has an unknown eponym. Possibly, a fantasy name.

Mackenzie River was named for Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764–1820), Arctic explorer. River located 607 kilometers north of Klondike Highway Kilometer 675, via Dempster Highway.

MacRae was named for Charles Colin MacRae (1843-1922), an early White Pass shareholder. MacRae also located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1413.1.

Marsh Lake was named for Prof. Othniel C. Marsh (1831–1899), of Yale University. The Tagish name for Marsh Lake had been Taa-gish Áayi. Lake extends between Alaska Highway kilometers 1367 and 1379.

Mayo Lake was named for Alfred H. Mayo (1846–1923), a Yukon trader. Lake located 95 kilometers east of Klondike Highway Kilometer 535, via Silver Trail.

McClintock Lake was named for Adm. Sir Francis L. McClintock (1819–1907), an Arctic explorer.

McConnell Lake was named for Charles McConnell (1871–1946), postmaster at Robinson. Lake located 3 kilometers west of Robinson, via Annie Lake Road.

McDonald Creek had been named for a person who allegedly staked a claim at this location in 1899. Twenty-one subsequent claims were filed for this same creek in the same year. No gold was found here. Apparently, a hoax.

McNeil Lake is named for the McNeil River, which flows through the lake. McNeil River was named in 1951. It looks like the river was named for James H. McNeil (1871-1951), Yukon Superintendent of Public Roads and Buildings, 1917-1945. He had been the most prominent Yukon official associated with construction of the Alaska Highway. In 1940, he was appointed to the U.S.-Canada Permanent Joint Board on Defense, relating to the then-proposed Alaska Highway. The river's previous Tlingit name had been Kéidladi Héeni. The head of the McNeil River is 12 miles upstream from the lake, and is technically the " source " of the Yukon River. The source of a river is the most distant point upstream from the mouth of the river, regardless of assigned name.

McQuesten Lake was named for LeRoy N. "Jack" McQuesten (1836–1909), Yukon trader. Lake located 15 kilometers north of Silver Trail Kilometer 63, via a side road.

Meadows was named for the meadows along the Tutshi River (a.k.a. "Thompson River") at this location. Presumably, the 1899 stable at the south (uphill) end of the Thompson River meadows was so located so that horses could feed on the grass of these meadows.

Minto was named for Gilbert J. Elliott-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1845-1914), Governor-General of Canada, 1898-1904.

Moose Lake is the name of multiple lakes in the Yukon and northwest British Columbia. All apparently named for the animal. The most prominent such lake is at Alaska Highway Kilometer 1828.5, across the road from an archeological site.

Morrow Lake was named for William Richard Morrow (1915–1968), Yukon corrections director, who proposed that convicts maintain the Chilkoot Trail. Lake located at Chilkoot Trail kilometer 30.7.

Muncho is the English adaptation of the Kaska phrase men cho, which means big lake. Muncho Lake extends between Alaska Highway kilometers 698.5 and 710.

Munroe Lake was named for Alexander Munro (1857-1909), boundary survey axe man who broke his leg near this lake in 1901.

Nakina is the English adaptation of the Tlingit village name Naak'i Naa.áa, which means People Sitting Upstream.

Nares Lake was named for Adm. Sir George S. Nares (1831–1915), an Arctic explorer. Lake located at Klondike Highway kilometer 105.2

Neecheah is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase neech yeil’, which means calm shoreline. This name looks like a Tlingit language description of the Yukon River just downstream of Whitehorse Rapids, which would have been correct, but does not pre-date 1900. Prior to October 1899, Whitehorse itself had not existed, and there had been no reason for the Indians to give its future location a name. Neecheah appears to be a short Tlingit language description of Whitehorse that was created in 1922 to name the boat.

Neskatahin is a contraction of the Tlingit phrase Nás’k Áa Tayee Héen, which means River Below Three Lakes. This name refers to a village once located at a bend in the present-day Tatshenshini River, which is about 500 feet below, and about 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles from, three nearby lakes – now known as Pringle Lake, Stella Lake, and Neskatahin Lake. These three lakes lie on plateaus which overlook the river bend. Neskatahin was also 114 miles from Haines, via the Neskatahin Trail.

Nisutlin was a loanword used by the Tagish Indians. Its origin had been neither Tagish nor Tlingit. (The original Tlingit name for the Nisutlin River had been Héen Tlein.) The name Nisutlin was borrowed from a Southern Tutchone phrase which means strong flow. Nisutlin Bay located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1243.

Norcom was named for the Northern Commercial Co., an affiliate of the Northern Navigation Co.

"Norse River" was a misspelling of Nourse River, which had been named for Prof. Joseph E. Nourse (1819-1889), U.S. Navy. River mouth located at Chilkoot Trail Mile 7.2.

Octopus Lake is a metaphoric name, which refers to the lake’s "many arms." Circumstantial evidence suggests that it was the translation of a Tlingit metaphoric name. Octopus Lake is just east of Summit Lake at White Pass. Its surface elevation is 15 feet above Summit Lake's. Octopus Lake extends between Mile Post 21.2 (Divide) and Mile Post 22.5.

Partridge Lake was named for Otto H. “Swampy” Partridge (1855-1930), who constructed three small steamboats near this lake in 1898 (Flora, Ora, and Nora).

Pavey was named for Francis Pavy (1837-1902), an associate of Charles Colin MacRae, both investors in the WP&YR.

Peace River was named for the peace treaty made in 1781 along the shores of this river, near its mouth (near Peace Point, Alberta). This treaty settled a territorial war between the Cree and Dane-zaa (Beaver) Indians. River located at Alaska Highway kilometer 55.4.

Peel River was named for Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850), prime minister of Great Britain. River located 539 kilometers north of Klondike Highway Kilometer 675, via Dempster Highway.

Pelly Lake was named for Sir John H. Pelly (1777–1852), governor of the Hudson's Bay Co.

Pelly River was named for Sir John H. Pelly (1777–1852), governor of the Hudson's Bay Co. River located at Klondike Highway kilometer 463.6.

Pennington was named for Frederick Pennington (1819-1914), an early shareholder of the WP&YR.

Pit. See, Gravel Pit, above.

Porcupine River is presumably named for the North American porcupine, which is found in the region. River received the name Porcupine by 1898. River located at Klondike Highway Mile 6, and across the Skagway River from WP&YR Mile Post 7.3.

"Portage Lake" is the un -official name for the lake at WP&YR Mile Post 30.5, just north (downstream) of Shallow Lake and just south (uphill) of Maud Lake. Originally, Áak'u Sáani (Little Lakes in Tlingit). Then, un -officially "Shallow Lake," until 1899, when Shallow became the official name for the lake just to the south (upstream). Lake also located at Klondike Highway kilometer 41.1.

Primrose Lake was named for Supt. Philip C. H. Primrose (1864–1937), North-West Mounted Police (Reg. #O.56).

Ptarmigan Point was named for the Alaska state bird. (Or, co -state bird, if you count the mosquito. 😁) Ptarmigan is the English adaptation of the Scottish Gaelic tārmachan. The "p" was added in 1684 to make the word appear to be Greek !! 😁 😁

Pueblo was so named by Hibbard E. Porter (1860-1916), who staked a copper claim at this site in 1899. Site located at intersection of Fish Lake Road and Copper Haul Road, 3 kilometers southwest of Alaska Highway kilometer 1428.3, via Fish Lake Road.

Racine Lake was named for Cariste Racine (1851-1926), owner of a sawmill on Tagish Lake, and owner of the White Pass Hotel in Whitehorse.

Rapid Spur was named for the adjacent White Horse Rapids. On March 27, 1900, ten weeks before the railroad reached this point, Mr. Cornelius Curtin (1855-1900) had died of pneumonia at White Horse Rapids. His attending physician had been Dr. Leonard S. E. Sugden. Dr. Sugden then transported Mr. Curtin's body to Tagish, where he cremated it in the firebox of the steamer Olive May. Dr. Sugden's subsequent recount of this peculiar event to Robert W. Service led to the fanciful poem The Cremation of Sam McGee.

Red Line was named for the stage and boat line which operated between White Pass, British Columbia, and Carcross, Yukon, from 1898 to 1901.

Robinson was named for William C. "Stikine Bill" Robinson (1857-1926), general foreman of construction of the White Pass railroad. Robinson also located at Klondike Highway kilometer 139.6.

Rocky Point was named for the large rock outcropping at this location, through which the railroad cut had been made.

Scheffler was named for Willi Scheffler, White Pass Roadmaster. Station was named Graves until 2016.

Schwatka Lake was named for 1Lt. Frederick G. Schwatka (1849–1892), 3rd U.S. Cavalry, Yukon explorer. In 1876, Lt. Schwatka had led the initial cavalry charge at the Battle of Slim Buttes. Schwatka Lake was created by a dam in 1958 and is located at former Mile Post 107.7.

Sibilla had been the name of the yacht on which the financier of the White Pass, namely William B. Close, spent much of his youth.

Skagway and Skagway River is the English adaptation of sha-ka-ԍéi, a Tlingit idiom which figuratively refers to rough seas in the Taiya Inlet, that are caused by strong north winds. Literally, skagway is a verbal noun which means pretty woman. The story behind the name is that Skagway was the nickname of Kanagoo, a mythical woman who transformed herself into stone at Skagway bay and who (according to the story) now causes the strong, channeled winds which blow toward Haines, Alaska. The rough seas caused by these winds have therefore been referred to by using Kanagoo's nickname, Skagway. The Kanagoo stone formation is now known as Face Mountain, which is seen from Skagway bay. The Tlingit name for Face Mountain is Kanagoo Yahaayí. (North winds prevail at Skagway from November to March. South winds prevail from April to October.) Skagway also located at Klondike Highway Mile 0. Skagway River bridges at Yakutania Point Trail Mile 0, Klondike Highway Mile 1.8, and WP&YR Mile Post 14.2.

Skagway River Branches:

- East Fork: The East Fork branches off the Skagway River, opposite WP&YR Mile Post 4.8. From there, the railroad follows the East Fork to Mile Post 5.8, where it makes a U-turn, crosses the East Fork, and loops back to follow the main river.

- White Pass Fork: The Skagway River turns to the east, and White Pass Fork branches off to the north, opposite WP&YR Mile Post 12. From there, the railroad follows the Skagway River to Mile Post 14.2, where it makes a U-turn, crosses the Skagway River, and loops back to follow White Pass Fork.

- Switchback Gulch: Switchback Gulch branches to the northeast, and Dead Horse Gulch branches to the north, opposite WP&YR Mile Post 18. From there, the railroad follows Switchback Gulch to Mile Post 18.6, where it makes a left turn and crosses Switchback Gulch.

- Dead Horse Gulch: After crossing Switchback Gulch, the railroad goes through a tunnel which comes out at WP&YR Mile Post 18.8, along Dead Horse Gulch. From there, the railroad follows Dead Horse Gulch to its head at Pump House Lake, at Mile Post 20.

Slippery Rock was named for the 50° to 60° rock slope adjacent to the track, from which snow and ice slide onto the tracks during the winter and spring.

Spirit Lake was named for the spirit of the Yukon, by U.S. Army troops during construction of the Alaska Highway in 1942. Lake located at Klondike Highway kilometer 116.

Squanga is the English adaptation of dasgwaanga, the Tagish and Tlingit name for "humpback" or lake whitefish. Ironically, Squanga Lake also contains whitefish now known as " Squanga whitefish," which are a different species from the lake whitefish which gave this lake its name. Squanga Lake located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1315.9.

Stewart River was named for James G. Stewart (1825–1881), who discovered this river in 1849. River extends sinuously between Klondike Highway kilometers 535 and 594.

Stikine is the English adaptation of the Tlingit idiom sh táax’ héen, which figuratively refers to whirlpools and eddies found in the Stikine River. Literally, it means river water biting itself. River located 286 kilometers south of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1002, via Cassiar Highway.

Summit Lake was named for the White Pass summit. Lake located at Mile Post 21, just north of the White Pass summit.

Surprise Lake so named in 1898 by prospectors Kenneth C. McLaren and Frederick "Fritz" Miller. Previously, it had been one of at least four lakes which had borne the Tlingit name kusawa. Surprise Lake located 18 kilometers east of Atlin, via Surprise Lake Road.

Switchback was named for the railroad switchback on the original, 1898-1901 alignment across Switchback Gulch (see, Skagway River Branches, above). The original alignment also included the first Bridge 18-A on the lower switchback leg, and Bridge 18-B crossing the Gulch on the upper switchback leg, both bridges being close to the switchback switch. From 1901 to 1969, the second Bridge 18-A ("Steel Bridge") crossed Switchback Gulch at Mile Post 18.3 and bypassed both legs and bridges of the original switchback. Since 1969, most of the south leg of the original switchback, plus the third Bridge 18-A across Switchback Gulch (at Mile Post 18.6), plus a tunnel have, in turn, bypassed the second Bridge 18-A.

Tagish is the English adaptation of the Tagish phrase taa-gish, which means breakup of ice. This name refers to the sound that the Tagish River ice makes during spring breakup. The Tagish Indians adopted this name to identify themselves because, prior to 1898, they spent their winters along the Tagish River. The Tagish name for present-day Tagish Lake was Taku because the lake provided access to the Taku Tlingit people. Conversely, the Tlingit (and consequently English) name for present-day Tagish Lake is Tagish because the lake provided access to the Tagish people. Tagish Lake extends between Klondike Highway kilometers 78 and 95.

Taiya \tīye\ is the English adaptation of the Tlingit name Dei Yé \dā ye\. (Tlingit did not have the English long ī sound.) As used, Dei Yé meant Way to the Trail. Specifically, Dei Yé – standing alone – was the Tlingit name for the combination of the present-day Taiya Inlet – plus the eight-mile, canoe-navigable portion of the present-day Taiya River, which begins at the mouth of the Nourse River. Other than Yé, there was no word in the original name which would correspond to an inlet or to a river. Thus, the name Dei Yé referred to the Waterway to the Chilkoot Trail, from the south end of the Taiya Inlet, to the north end of canoe navigation on the Taiya River. A 1973 publication states that Taiya “purportedly” is the English adaptation of the words for “carrying place”. However, the presence of the initial \t\ or \d\ sound in Taiya or \Deyah\ or \Dayay\ casts doubt on the yaa yé possibility, and suggests that the first syllable was in fact dei (as in dei yé). North of the Nourse River, the present-day Taiya River was named Sít’ Yayík. (Note the distinction between the Tlingit possessed noun Dei-yi, and the Tlingit phrase Dei Yé. This distinction is reflected in the difference between the English names Dyea (village name) and Taiya. See, Chilkoot Trail, above.) Taiya River located at Dyea Road Mile 7.3.

Takhini is the English adaptation of the Tlingit metaphor téix héeni, which literally means broth, and figuratively refers to Takhini Hot Springs. Takhini River located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1468.9, and at Klondike Highway kilometer 195.5.

Taku is a contraction of the Tlingit phrase t’aawák galakú, which means a flood of Canada geese. Taku River flows into the Taku Inlet, 18 miles northeast of Juneau.

"Tarahne" was directly derived from Tarahini, which was the name of a little creek at Atlin. The name Tarahini was suggested to the ship's carpenter by Chief Taku Jack (John Taku, Sr.). Tarahini was the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase té yaa.aa hini, which means stream sitting along rock. Tarahini had been derived by eliminating yaa and by substituting the English \ra\ sound for the Tlingit aspirated \.aa\ sound. Thus, all vocal sounds in Tarahini occur in English. The reason for the subsequent alteration from Tarahini to "Tarahne" is not known.

Tatshenshini is the English adaptation of the Tlingit phrase t’á chaan sha-héeni, which means river with stinking chinook (king) salmon at its headwaters. This name refers to the dead, spawned-out salmon at the headwaters of the pre-1891 Tatshenshini River (subsequently the Blanchard River). These headwaters are along the Goat Creek Trail (X’wáat’heeni Dei-yi, one of the three Chilkat trails between Haines and Hutshi Lake, Yukon), 100 trail-miles from Haines. In 1891, the name Tatshenshini was re-assigned to a different river. Pre-1891 Tatshenshini River (subsequently the Blanchard River) located at Haines Highway Kilometer 144.8. Post-1891 Tatshenshini River located 5 kilometers west of Haines Highway Kilometer 164, via Dalton Post Road.

Taye is the English adaptation of the Southern Tutchone word tàłe, which means northern pike. Northern pike are abundant in Taye Lake. Actually, the Southern Tutchone themselves had a separate name for the lake itself. The Southern Tutchone name for the lake itself sounds something like “Chin K’üa,” and the meaning of whatever this name may be, is unknown. The Tlingit name for the lake is Té-xáat, which literally means “Rock-fish”. “Rock-fish” does not actually describe the lake, and does not describe northern pike. Té-xáat might be an obscure, local Tlingit name for northern pike and, consequently, the Tlingit name for the lake itself. Taye Lake located 18 kilometers north of Champagne (Alaska Highway Kilometer 1513), along the Neskatahin Trail.

Teslin is the English adaptation of the Northern Tutchone phrase dé-lin, which means flowing out. Teslin Lake extends between Alaska Highway kilometers 1244 and 1290.

"Thompson River" is the un -official name of the stream flowing from Meadows (Mile Post 25.4 Station) to Bernard Lake (at Mile Post 28.3). Received the name "Thompson River" by 1899. Most likely, named for Livingston Thompson (1851-1904), surveyor and Secretary of the Bennett Lake & Klondyke Navigation Co. Thompson was also a friend of William J. Rant, the British Columbia agent, magistrate, and assistant land commissioner for Bennett in 1898. The official name of this stream is Tutshi River.

Tincup Lake most likely a fantasy name for the unnamed lake on Montana Mountain, from which Tincup Creek flows. Lake located 0.9 kilometer west of Montana Mountain Access Road Kilometer 4.7, via a trail. Tincup Creek bridge at WP&YR Mile Post 66.1 – 2½ miles downstream from the lake. (There is a less likely Tincup Lake at a remote location north of Kluane Lake.)

Tutshi is the English adaptation of the Tlingit metaphor t’ooch’ áayi, which literally means charcoal lake, and figuratively means dark lake. Tutshi Lake is darker than most lakes in the region because it is not fed by glacial runoff. Lake extends between Klondike Highway kilometers 57 and 70.

Utah was the site of a camp of the Utah Construction Co. during construction of the Alaska Highway. Utah also located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1415.7.

Viaduct had been named for the East Fork Bridge, now Bridge 5-A. Station renamed to Denver in 1904.

Vista was named for the view from this location. Station had been named Barry until 2007 or 2008.

Wasson Lake was named for Everett L. Wasson (1910–1958), first bush pilot in the Yukon.

Watson was named for Thomas J. Watson (1861-1926) of Watson & Church, Skagway real estate agents during 1898-1899.

Watson Lake was named for Francis G. "Frank" Watson (1883–1939), a Klondike stampeder. Lake located at Alaska Highway kilometer 980.

Wette Lea was named for Auguste C. R. de Wette (1845-1912), banker and early shareholder of the WP&YR. Station renamed to De Wette in 1901.

White Pass was named for the Hon. Thomas W. White (1830-1888), Canadian Interior Minister, 1885-1888.

Whitehorse was named for the appearance of rapids in the Yukon River, about two miles upstream from the railroad station. Since 1958, these rapids have been covered by Schwatka Lake. Until 1957, the city's name was spelled as two words: "White Horse." Whitehorse also located at Alaska Highway kilometer 1429.

Whiting River was named for U.S. Navy Surgeon Robert Whiting (1847–1897). River flows into Gilbert Bay, 33 nautical miles southeast of Juneau, via Stephens Passage.

Wigan was named for Edward A. Wigan (1868-1942), early shareholder of the WP&YR.

Wolf Lake is a translation of the lake’s Tlingit name Gooch Áayi.

Yukon, or Ųųg Han, is a contraction of the words in the Gwich'in phrase chųų gąįį han, which mean white water river and which refer to "the pale colour" of glacial runoff in the Yukon River. The contraction is Ųųg Han, if the \ųų\ remains nasalized, or Yuk Han, if there is no vowel nasalization. In the 1840s, different tribes had different opinions as to the literal meaning of Yukon. In 1843, the Holikachuks had told the Russian-American Company that their name for the river was Yukkhana and that this name meant "big river." However, Yukkhana does not literally correspond to a Holikachuk phrase that means big river. Then, two years later, the Gwich'ins told the Hudson's Bay Company that their name for the river was Yukon and that the name meant white water river. White water river in fact corresponds to Gwich'in words that can be shortened to form Yukon. Because the Holikachuks had been trading regularly with both the Gwich'ins and the Yup'iks, the Holikachuks were in a position to borrow the Gwich'in contraction and to conflate its meaning with the meaning of Kuig-pak, which is the Yup'ik name for the same river. For that reason, the documentary evidence suggests that the Holikachuks had borrowed the contraction Ųųg Han from Gwich'in, and erroneously assumed that this contraction had the same literal meaning as the corresponding Yup'ik name Kuig-pak. Yukon River begins at the foot of Marsh Lake, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 kilometers south of Alaska Highway Kilometer 1383.


Elizabeth Rankin

# Elizabeth Rankin

## Abstract

Elizabeth Deane Rankin is a South African–New Zealand fine arts academic, and is an emeritus professor at the University of Auckland, specialising in neglected South African artists, and printmaking and sculpture.

## Academic career

Rankin completed a PhD titled Englishmen on the Acropolis: an historiography of the Parthenon, c. 1750-1850 at the University of Witwatersrand in 1978. It was the first PhD in art history awarded by the university. Rankin was appointed as Chair of the History of Art at Witwatersrand in 1982, and later served three years as Dean of Arts.

Rankin was Chair of the South African Association of Art Historians starting in 1985.

Rankin joined the faculty of the University of Auckland in 1998 as professor of art history. She was head of the department, and chair of the exhibitions committee for the university's Gus Fisher Gallery. Rankin's research focuses on neglected South African artists, and sculpture and print-making. Rankin has written a biography of South African artist Peter Clarke, published in 2012, along with retrospective exhibitions at the South African National Gallery in Cape Town, in collaboration with Phillipa Hobbs, and in Johannesburg. Rankin has also written about photographer Fiona Pardington, and artist Neil Pardington.

In 2012 Rankin was a visiting fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies at Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, where she worked with Prof. Dr. Rolf Schneider on the design of the frieze of the Voortrekker Monument. Rankin retired in 2016 and was appointed Professor Emeritus at Auckland.

## Selected works

### Books

### Other works

- {{ cite journal }}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)


Margarita (2024 TV series)

# Margarita (2024 TV series)

## Abstract

Margarita is an Argentine-Uruguayan fantasy and teen comedy-drama television series created by Cris Morena that premiered on Max on September 2, 2024. It is a spin-off of the telenovela Floricienta that ran for two seasons from 2004 to 2005.

## Series overview

The story of the series is set several years after the events of Floricienta, and revolves around Margarita (Mora Bianchi), the daughter of Florencia and Máximo, who is unaware of her true origins and has gone through several foster homes.

After stumbling upon a trendy arts center that offers a series of scholarships for talented young artists, Margarita decides to audition. The place is run by Delfina Santillán (Isabel Macedo), who after the encounter begins to suspect that the teenager could be the legitimate daughter of Florencia and Máximo, her sister and brother-in-law, and therefore the heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Krikoragán and all its fortune, which she stole.

From her discovery, Delfina realizes that the entire company she built based on lies, including the adoption of an orphan to pass her off as Florencia's daughter in order to appropriate the entire inheritance, is at risk of being destroyed after the appearance of Margarita, who is the true heir to the entire estate.

## Cast

- Mora Bianchi as Margarita

- Ramiro Spangenberg as Merlín

- Isabel Macedo as Delfina Santillán

- Graciela Stefani as María Laura "Malala" Torres-Oviedo

- Rafael Ferro as Severino

- María del Cerro as Yamila Puentes

- Julia Calvo as Ada

- Tomás Benítez as Pipe

- Mateo Belmonte as Rey

- Lola Abraldes as Daisy

- Joaquín Reffico as Zeki

- Pilar Masse as Única

- Pamela Baigún as Mei

- Martiniano Rodríguez as Otto

- Antonella Podestá as Alaska

- José Barbeito as Romeo

- Benjamín Rojas as Franco Fritzenwalden

- Jose Fabini as Sasha

- Trinidad Xanthopoulos as Julieta

- Valentino Petrilli as Jano

## Background and production

### Development

In June 2022, it was reported that Cris Morena had begun developing a series in co-production with WarnerMedia Latin America for HBO Max with Leandro Calderone as the screenwriter. Almost a year later, in April 2023, it was confirmed that the title of the series would be Margarita and that it would be a spin-off of the telenovela Floricienta that ran successfully between 2004 and 2005, and that it was broadcast and adapted in several countries.

### Casting

The first confirmed cast member for the series was Isabel Macedo, who reprised her role as villain Delfina Santillán. In August 2022, Tomás Benítez, a student at Otro Mundo –an artistic training school founded by Cris Morena– was cast. In April 2023, Graciela Stefani, María del Cerro, Martín Seefeld and Julia Calvo were cast. Stefani reprised her well-known role as Malala. In June, Mora Biachi, also a student at Otro Mundo, was announced as the protagonist of the series, in the role of Margarita.

In October 2023, it was announced that Benjamín Rojas would make a special appearance in the series, reprising his role as Franco Fritzenwalden. In November, once filming was completed, Ramiro Spangenberg was confirmed as the male lead, while the rest of the young cast was confirmed in December, consisting of Mateo Belmonte, Lola Abraldes, Joaquín Reffico, Pilar Masse, Pamela Baigún, Martiniano Rodríguez, Antonella Podestá and José Barbeito.

### Filming

Filming of the series began on July 24, 2023, and took place entirely in Montevideo, Uruguay. It was a co-production between Cris Morena Group and the Uruguayan company Cimarrón Cine. Some Montevideo landmarks and well-known establishments were filmed for the series, such as the Hotel Carrasco, the Rambla, the Aurelio Berro Mansion and the central business district.

## Release

In March 2024, Cris Morena and Max published the first trailer for the series, revealing that it would premiere that year. In August it was revealed that the 40-episode series would premiere on September 2 and that 5 episodes would be released per week. In addition, it was confirmed that the television station Telefe had partnered with Max to also broadcast the series.


Home for Christmas (TV series)

# Home for Christmas (TV series)

## Abstract

Home for Christmas (Norwegian: Hjem til jul) is a Norwegian television series that premiered on Netflix in December 2019. It stars Ida Elise Broch as Johanne, who scrambles to get a boyfriend to bring home for Christmas Eve.

The romantic drama comedy consists of six 30-minute episodes in each season and was Netflix's first Norwegian original series. The series received mostly positive reviews.

In 2022, the series was remade in Italy under the title I Hate Christmas. It was also remade in South Africa in 2023, under the title " Yoh! Christmas ".

## Synopsis

Johanne (Broch) is a nurse in her 30s, working at a hospital in Norway. During Advent dinner, she feels pressured by her family to be in a relationship. She lies and tells them that she has a boyfriend, and that he will accompany her to Christmas dinner.

Johanne then tries to find a boyfriend through speed dating, internet dating, and other means. She goes on dates with several men, including 18 year old Jonas (Felix Sandman), and the much older Bengt Erik (Bjørn Skagestad). She also has a brief sexual encounter with Eira, one of her female coworkers.

None of this results in Johanne finding a boyfriend. In the last episode of season one, coworker Dr. Henrik tells her that he loves her. They are interrupted by a medical emergency before she can respond. She then goes to her parents' house for Christmas dinner. During dinner, the doorbell rings. The first season ends with a shot of Johanne's face as she opens the door, possibly for one of her suitors.

## Production

The series takes place in Oslo, with winter scenes taking place in the copper mining town Røros. Unexpected warmth resulted in snow being transported from Røros Airport to create the winter scenes. It was produced by the Oslo Company, and financed and distributed by Netflix as an original series.

The idea for the show was created by two advertisement students, Amir Shaheen and Kristian Andersen, who derived the concept from the popular Nordic TV Christmas calendars, televised advent calendars with an episode broadcast each day of December until Christmas Eve. They decided not to draw inspiration from Christmas films but rather other Norwegian series such as the teenage series Skam. They pitched the idea to the Oslo Company.

The director of the series was Per-Olav Sørensen. Anna Gutto co-directed several episodes during the first season.

## Cast and characters

- Ida Elise Broch as Johanne, 30 year old nurse and protagonist

- Gabrielle Leithaug as Jørgunn, Johanne's roommate and best friend

- Dennis Storhøi as Tor, Johanne's father

- Anette Hoff as Jorid, Johanne's mother

- Ghita Nørby as Mrs. Nergaard, COPD patient at the hospital

- Hege Schøyen as Bente, manages the nurses at the hospital

- Bjørn Skagestad as Bengt Erik, politician and businessman

- Felix Sandman as Jonas, 19 year old Johanne meets online

- Line Verndal as Eira, works at the hospital

- Oddgeir Thune as Henrik, a doctor

- Iselin Shumba as Jeanette, good friend to Johanne, has children with Trym

## Episodes

## Reception

The series received mostly positive reviews. Verdens Gang gave it three out of six stars, likening it to a hybrid of Bridget Jones and Love Actually with a pointless narrative, but NRK called it a must-see for fans of Christmas romances and praised it for a well made atmosphere of Christmas hygge (coziness).

Leah Thomas of Cosmopolitan said "This soap opera drama series will have your jaw dropping with all the twists turns imaginable. Besides the fact that it's perfectly messy, I love this show because I have no idea who I want Johanne to end up with. Actually, I don't know if I even want her to end up with anyone, and I think that’s the entire point."


Akram Mahinan

# Akram Mahinan

## Abstract

Muhammad Akram bin Mahinan (born 19 January 1993) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Terengganu FC as a defensive midfielder. Also known as the passer in the national squad as he is always seeking for passes.

## Club career

### Johor Darul Ta'zim

In 2013, Akram left Harimau Muda B and signed with Johor Darul Ta'zim. At Johor Akram were given jersey number 31 and he managed to make 18 appearances in his season debut. Akram has been demoted to Johor Darul Ta'zim II for 2014 and 2015 season. He has been promoted to Johor Darul Ta'zim in 2016 but has not made any league appearances, Akram somehow made 2 appearances in 2016 AFC Cup.

### Kedah

On 1 December 2016, Akram signed a one-year contract with Malaysia Super League side Kedah. Akram made his league debut for Kedah in 1–1 draw away match on 20 January 2017. His debut goal for Kedah came in from 2–4 win over Melaka United on 11 July 2017, he scored 1 goal in that match that was held in Hang Jebat Stadium, Melaka.

## International career

Akram was part of the Malaysia U-19 squad that participated in 2011 AFF U-19 Youth Championship. He scored 3 goals along that tournament.

On 26 March 2015, Akram made his debut for the senior national team in a 6–0 defeat to Oman.

## Career statistics

### International

## Honours

### Club

Kuala Lumpur City

- Malaysia Cup: 2021

- AFC Cup runner-up: 2022

Johor Darul Ta'zim

- AFC Cup: 2015

- Malaysia Super League: 2015

- Malaysia FA Cup: 2016

Kedah Darul Aman

- Malaysia FA Cup: 2017

- Malaysia Charity Shield: 2017

- Malaysia Cup runner-up: 2017

Malaysia

- AFF Championship runner-up: 2018


Goran Smiljanić

# Goran Smiljanić

## Abstract

Goran Smiljanić (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Смиљанић; born 31 January 1990) is a Serbian footballer who plays for FK Železničar Inđija.


Goran Sretenović

# Goran Sretenović

## Abstract

Goran Sretenović (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Cpeтeнoвић; born 9 December 1968) is a Serbian football coach and a former player. Some Russian sources misspell his last name as Stretenovic.

He is currently one of the coaches for the Serbia national under-16 football team.

He allowed 9 goals for FC Uralan Elista against FC Lokomotiv Moscow on 3 November 2000 in a record biggest loss (0-9) in the history of the Russian Football Premier League. Overall, he allowed 18 goals in just 4 RFPL games.

He is one of the assistant managers of Ilija Stolica of the Serbian U-17 playing at the 2016 UEFA European Under-17 Championship.


Goran Vasilijević

# Goran Vasilijević

## Abstract

Goran "Maza" Vasilijević (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Маза Василијевић; born 27 August 1965) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

After playing for Zemun and Radnički Niš, Vasilijević joined Red Star Belgrade in the summer of 1988. He was a member of the team that won the European Cup in 1991. In the mid-1990s, Vasilijević also played abroad in Bulgaria and Japan.

In 2002, Vasilijević briefly served as manager of Obilić.

## Honours

- Yugoslav First League: 1990–91, 1991–92

- FR Yugoslavia Cup: 1992–93

- European Cup: 1990–91

- Intercontinental Cup: 1991


Craigslist (song)

# Craigslist (song)

## Abstract

" Craigslist " is a song by American musician "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a style parody of the Doors, and contains lyrics inspired by postings at the online classified advertising service, Craigslist. Yankovic described the idea of the song coming about thinking how it would be "anachronistically weird" for Jim Morrison to scream about Craigslist. Yankovic opted to use Craigslist as an example of something big in both the popular culture and his own life, and spent time exploring its listings to compose the lyrics. The song was released shortly after the closure of the Michael John Anderson (Craigslist Killer) case, a factor Yankovic considered "unfortunate timing".

Founding Doors member and keyboardist Ray Manzarek played keyboards on the studio recording of the song.

The single was the first of four new singles that were being released as part of the Internet Leaks EP. Craigslist was released digitally on June 16, 2009.

## Composition

As a "style parody", the song does not take directly from any single Doors tune, but instead transposes bits from various songs (especially from their first, self-titled album) and combines them. The intro guitar and organ riffs are similar to " Soul Kitchen " and " When the Music's Over ", while the verses are reminiscent of "Twentieth Century Fox", " Hello, I Love You " and a short section of scat singing as in " Roadhouse Blues ". Discrete sections in the guitar solo recall "When the Music's Over", " The End " and " Light My Fire ".

## Personnel

- "Weird Al" Yankovic – vocals

- Jim "Kimo" West – guitars

- Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz – drums and percussion

- Ray Manzarek – keyboards

## Reception

The music style of "Craigslist" has been considered to be a "dead-on parody of the Doors". Marc Hirsh of NPR noted that the composition and performance of "Craigslist" are evidence that Yankovic is a "Stealth Pop Musicologist", able to deconstruct a genre of work and recreate it into something new without being unrecognizable. Craigslist founder Craig Newmark, after being asked how he felt about the song, responded, "The thing's pretty funny!"

## Music video

The song has an associated video produced by Liam Lynch and was released on the same day as the single, though AOL previewed the video a day before. The budget for the video was much lower than Yankovic's " White & Nerdy " and was shot in Lynch's garage. Yankovic stated that the low budget video "dovetails well" with the concept of the song. The video incorporates similar imagery seen in the Doors' videos, including stock footage and art house effects. Yankovic dressed as Morrison, having to lose some weight to look like the singer at age 24, and performed in front of a green screen to allow effects to be added afterward.


David Silverman (animator)

# David Silverman (animator)

## Abstract

David Silverman (born March 15, 1957) is an American animator who has directed numerous episodes of the animated television series The Simpsons, as well as its 2007 film adaptation. Silverman was involved with the series from the very beginning, animating all of the original short Simpsons cartoons that aired on The Tracey Ullman Show. He went on to serve as director of animation for several years. He also did the animation for the 2016 film The Edge of Seventeen, which was produced by Gracie Films.

## Early life and career

Silverman was born to a Jewish family on Long Island, New York. His father, Joseph Silverman, was a chemical engineering professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, for over 30 years. He grew up in Silver Spring, Maryland, and attended the University of Maryland for two years, focusing on art. He then attended UCLA and majored in animation.

Early in his career with The Simpsons, he was a subject on the December 26, 1990, episode (#83) of To Tell the Truth.

## The Simpsons

Silverman is largely credited with creating most of the "rules" for drawing The Simpsons. He is frequently called upon to animate difficult or especially important scenes, becoming go-to in Season 2 when he animated the first of Homer's many "rants, freak-outs, and heart attacks". He appeared during the end credits of the Simpsons episode " Goo Goo Gai Pan " giving a quick method of drawing Bart, and is a frequent participant on the Simpsons DVD audio commentaries. A cartoon rendering of him can be seen in " The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show ", where he is the animator who draws Poochie (along with renderings of other Simpsons staffers). He was once credited as Pound Foolish as the director of the episode " The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular "

Silverman is also the director of The Simpsons Movie, which was released July 27, 2007. He originally left The Simpsons to direct additional sequences for The Road to El Dorado for DreamWorks Animation alongside Will Finn. Some of his other film work includes Monsters, Inc. for Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar, for which he was a co-director (alongside Lee Unkrich). He is currently a consulting producer and occasional director. He also worked on the animated films Ice Age, Robots, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action.

In 2012, Silverman directed the theatrical short The Longest Daycare starring Maggie Simpson, released in front of Ice Age: Continental Drift. The short was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He also directed the follow-up theatrical short Playdate with Destiny in 2020, released in front of Onward.

### Episodes directed by Silverman

- " Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire "

- " Bart the Genius "

- " Bart the General "

- " Life on the Fast Lane "

- " Some Enchanted Evening " (with Kent Butterworth)

- " Bart Gets an 'F' "

- " Treehouse of Horror " (" The Raven " segment only)

- " Bart vs. Thanksgiving "

- " The Way We Was "

- " Old Money "

- " Blood Feud "

- " Black Widower "

- " Homer's Triple Bypass "

- " Krusty Gets Kancelled "

- " Treehouse of Horror IV " (as David "Dry Bones" Silverman)

- " Another Simpsons Clip Show "

- " Homie the Clown "

- " Mother Simpson "

- " The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular " (as Pound Foolish)

- " Treehouse of Horror XIII "

- " Treehouse of Horror XV " (as "The Tell-Tale Silverman")

- " Treehouse of Horror XVI " (as "Godzilla vs. Silverman")

- " Treehouse of Horror XVII " (with Matthew Faughnan) (as David "Tubatron" Silverman)

- " The Man Who Came to Be Dinner "

### Episodes written by Silverman

- " Lisa Gets the Blues " (with Brian Kelley)

## Style

Silverman's direction and animation is known for its energy, sharp timing, adventurous use of design elements and often complex acting, involving expressions and poses which are often quixotic, emotionally specific or highly exaggerated. It frequently recalls the works of Ward Kimball, Tex Avery, Bob Clampett and Chuck Jones. His most prolific period of work on The Simpsons can be roughly categorized as beginning with the "Tracey Ullman" episodes and ending in or around season eight of the series, for which he animated Homer's psychedelic dream in " El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer) ". Other representative examples of Silverman's work on The Simpsons include Homer's histrionic, spasmodic heart attack in " Homer's Triple Bypass ", Homer's demented hysterics over the iconic painting of poker-playing canines in " Treehouse of Horror IV " and subsequent turn as an even-more-deranged appropriation of Jack Nicholson's character from "The Shining" in " Treehouse of Horror V ", and Homer's over-the-top sugar diatribe from " Lisa's Rival ".

## Filmography

### Feature films

## Klutter!

Silverman worked with Savage Steve Holland to create Klutter! for Fox Kids. It was produced by Fox Kids Company, Savage Studios Ltd, and Film Roman. It was part of Eek! Stravaganza in the fourth season of the 1995–96 season where he voiced John Heap. It lasted eight episodes from September 9, 1995, to April 14, 1996.

## Campus tours

Silverman has toured many college campuses, speaking about his experiences as an animator and longtime Simpsons director and producer. He describes his early experiences in the animation field, working on shows such as Turbo Teen and Mister T. He goes on to say that at the point he considered leaving animation to devote his time to cartoon illustration, he took a job animating on The Tracey Ullman Show. He has pointed out that he and his fellow animators Wes Archer and Bill Kopp first started animating The Simpsons shorts on March 23, 1987.

Silverman then elaborates on Simpsons production, the evolution of the show and its characters, and various show facts and trivia. He may show animatics, deleted scenes, and favorite scenes and sequences, while giving background information. He closes by hand-drawing character sketches before the audience.

## Music

Silverman plays the tuba and has performed at events like Burning Man with the Transformational All Star Fire Conclave Marching Band and on June 23, 2006, he appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he played his flaming sousaphone. Silverman was a member of the UCLA Bruin Marching Band Sousaphone Section in the early 1980s. He is currently a member of Los Trancos Woods Community Marching Band. In January 2009, Silverman joined the LA band Vaud and the Villains.


2024 Los Angeles Rams season

# 2024 Los Angeles Rams season

## Abstract

The 2024 season is the Los Angeles Rams ' 87th in the National Football League (NFL), their 88th overall, 58th in the Greater Los Angeles Area, fifth playing their home games at SoFi Stadium and eighth under head coach Sean McVay. This will be their first season since 2013 without Aaron Donald, who announced his retirement on March 15. The Rams will be searching to improve on their 10–7 record and to advance in the playoffs after being defeated in the Wild Card Round in 2023. After holding training camp for the first time at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, the Rams conducted the remainder of preseason practices at Cal Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks, where the team had operated its temporary training facility since 2016 when the franchise relocated from St. Louis. This was necessitated due to delays in the construction of the Kroenke Warner Center complex in Woodland Hills. Following the end of the preseason, the Rams began conducting practices at their new permanent facility.

## Offseason

### Coaching changes

- Eric Henderson, who had served as defensive line coach and run game coordinator, departed the Rams to join the USC Trojans football staff to serve as co-defensive coordinator, run game coordinator, and defensive line coach.

- Raheem Morris, the Rams' defensive coordinator since 2021, was hired by the Atlanta Falcons as head coach. He is the sixth former Rams assistant to be hired as a head coach after serving on Sean McVay 's staff.

- Zac Robinson, who had spent the previous five seasons on the Rams' coaching staff in various positions, most recently as pass game coordinator/quarterbacks coach, followed Raheem Morris to the Atlanta Falcons to become the team's new offensive coordinator.

- Jimmy Lake, the Rams' assistant head coach in 2023, joined Morris in Atlanta to serve as defensive coordinator.

- Jeremy Springer, a special teams assistant for the Rams the previous two seasons, was hired by the New England Patriots as special teams coordinator.

- Chris Shula, who served in a variety of roles on the Rams coaching staff for the previous seven seasons as an assistant, most recently as pass rush coordinator & linebackers coach in 2023, was elevated to defensive coordinator, succeeding Raheem Morris.

- Giff Smith, most recently the interim head coach of the Los Angeles Chargers, was hired by the Rams to take on dual responsibilities as defensive line coach and run game coordinator, succeeding Eric Henderson in both roles.

- The Rams hired Chili Davis, former Kansas State Wildcats special teams quality control coach and a veteran college assistant, to serve as assistant special teams coach. However, the team parted ways with Peete prior to the season.

- Jake Peetz, who had spent the previous two seasons as an offensive assistant with the Rams (including last season as pass game specialist), was hired by the Seattle Seahawks as their new pass game coordinator.

- John Streicher, previously the director of football administration with the Tennessee Titans, joined the Rams staff with a new title of coordinator of football strategy.

- Dave Ragone, who had served as offensive coordinator with the Atlanta Falcons for the last three seasons, was hired as the Rams quarterback coach. The Rams also brought on board Nathan Scheelhaase, a longtime offensive assistant at Iowa State, as pass game specialist. Both positions had been previously held by Zac Robinson.

- Greg Williams joined the Rams coaching staff as inside linebackers coach.

- Sean Desai, previously a defensive coordinator for the Chicago Bears and the Philadelphia Eagles, was hired by the Rams as a senior defensive assistant.

- On March 8, 2024, the Rams announced they had hired Jerry Schuplinski to serve as a senior offensive assistant.

- On September 2, 2024, the Rams announced the hiring of former Nebraska and UCF head coach Scott Frost as a senior football analyst, helping with offense, defense, and special teams.

## Preseason

The Rams' preseason opponents and preliminary schedule was announced on May 15, in conjunction with the release of the regular season schedule.

### Game summaries

#### Preseason Week 1: vs Dallas Cowboys

at SoFi Stadium, Inglewood, California

- Date: August 11

- Game time: 1:25 p.m. PDT

- Game weather: Sunny, 88 °F (31 °C) (fixed roof)

- Game attendance: 73,023

- Referee: Land Clark

- TV announcers (KABC): Andrew Siciliano (play-by-play), Andrew Whitworth (color analyst), Mina Kimes (commentary), and Curt Sandoval (sideline reporter)

#### Preseason Week 2: at Los Angeles Chargers

at SoFi Stadium, Inglewood, California

- Date: August 17

- Game time: 4:05 p.m. PDT

- Game weather: Sunny, 77 °F (25 °C) (fixed roof)

- Game attendance: 66,112

- Referee: John Hussey

- TV announcers (KABC): Andrew Siciliano (play-by-play), Andrew Whitworth (color analyst), Mina Kimes (commentary), and Curt Sandoval (sideline reporter)

For this game, assistant head coach/pass game coordinator Aubrey Pleasant served as Rams head coach, calling plays and making decisions from the sideline while Sean McVay watched the game from the coach's booth.

#### Preseason Week 3: at Houston Texans

at NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas

- Date: August 24

- Game time: 10:00 a.m. PDT

- Game attendance: 68,829

- Referee: Scott Novak

- TV announcers (KABC): Andrew Siciliano (play-by-play), Maurice Jones-Drew (color analyst), Mina Kimes (commentary), and Curt Sandoval (sideline reporter)

## Regular season

### Schedule

Notes

- Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

- Networks and times from Weeks 5–16 are subject to change as a result of flexible scheduling.

- The date, time and network for Week 17 will be finalized at a later date.

- The date, time and network for Week 18 will be finalized at the end of Week 17.

### Game summaries

#### Week 1: at Detroit Lions

at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan

- Date: September 8

- Game time: 8:20 p.m. EDT /5:20 p.m. PDT

- Game weather: None (indoor stadium)

- Game attendance: 66,530

- Referee: Adrian Hill

- TV announcers (NBC): Mike Tirico, Cris Collinsworth and Melissa Stark

- Recap, Game Book

In a rematch of a 2023 Wild Card Round game, the Rams overcame a rash of injuries to rally for a 20-17 lead late in the fourth quarter before falling to the host Lions in overtime on Sunday Night Football at Ford Field. Wide receiver Cooper Kupp tied a single game career-high with 14 receptions for 110 yards, including a 9-yard touchdown from quarterback Matthew Stafford with 4:30 remaining that put Los Angeles in the lead for the first time on the night. Stafford completed 34 of 49 passes for 317 yards while wide receiver Tyler Johnson caught five passes for 79 yards. However, second-year wide receiver Puka Nacua left the game in the second quarter after catching four passes for 35 yards and did not return. Offensively, running back Kyren Williams had 18 carries for 50 yards with a 1-yard TD run but the Rams offensive line, already down two starters prior to the game, lost two more when left guard Steve Avila and left tackle Joe Noteboom were both injured and knocked out of the game. On defense, Rams safety Quentin Lake led the Rams with 10 tackles while fellow safety John Johnson had an interception. Linebackers Byron Young and Jared Verse (a rookie) each had four tackles and a sack in the loss.

#### Week 2: at Arizona Cardinals

at State Farm Stadium, Glendale, Arizona

- Date: September 15

- Game time: 1:05 p.m. MST & PDT

- Game weather: None (retractable roof closed)

- Game attendance: 63,331

- Referee: John Hussey

- TV announcers (Fox): Adam Amin, Mark Sanchez and Kristina Pink

- Recap, Game Book

#### Week 3: vs. San Francisco 49ers

at SoFi Stadium, Inglewood, California

- Date: September 22

- Game time: 1:25 p.m. PDT

- Game weather: TBD (fixed roof)

- TV announcers (Fox): Adam Amin, Mark Sanchez, and Kristina Pink

- Preview

### Standings


Dimitrios Aslanidis

# Dimitrios Aslanidis

## Abstract

Dimitrios Aslanidis is a Greek weightlifter. He won one silver and one bronze medal for Greece, at the 2018 Mediterranean Games.


ComfyUI

# ComfyUI

## Abstract

ComfyUI is an open source, node-based, generative artificial intelligence program that allows users to generate images from a series of text prompts. It uses free diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion as the base model for its image capabilities combined with other tools such as ControlNet and LCM Low-rank adaptation with each tool being a node in the program.

## History

ComfyUI was released on GitHub in January 2023. According to comfyanonymous, the creator, a major goal of the project was to improve on existing software designs in terms of the user interface. The creator had been involved with Stability AI but by 3 June 2024 that involvement had ended and an organization called Comfy Org had been created along with the core developers. In July 2024, Nvidia announced support for ComfyUI within its RTX Remix modding software. In August 2024. support was added for the FLUX diffusion model developed by Black Forest Labs. As of September 2024, the project has 50.6k stars on GitHub.

## Features

ComfyUI ' s main feature is that it is node based. Each node has a function such as "load a model" or "write a prompt". A default node group is also included with the program. When a prompt is queued, a highlighted frame appears around the currently executing node, starting from "load checkpoint" and ending with the final image and its save location. Workflows can be saved to a file, allowing users to re-use node workflows and share them with other users. The file format for the workflows is in JSON and can be embedded in the generated images. Users have also created custom extensions to the base system such as for AnimateDiff, which aims to create videos. ComfyUI has been described as more complex compared to other diffusion UIs such as Automatic1111.

## LLMVision extension compromise

In June 2024, a hacker group called "Nullbulge" compromised an extension of ComfyUI to add malicious code to it. The compromised extension, called ComfyUI_LLMVISION, was used for integrating the interface with AI language models GPT-4 and Claude 3, and was hosted on GitHub. Nullbulge hosted a list of hundreds of ComfyUI users' login details across multiple services on its website, while users of the extension reported receiving numerous login notifications. vpnMentor conducted security research on the extension and claimed it could "steal crypto wallets, screenshot the user’s screen, expose device information and IP addresses, and steal files that contain certain keywords or extensions".

Nullbulge's website claims they targeted users who committed "one of our sins", which included AI-art generation, art theft, promoting cryptocurrency, and any other kind of theft from artists such as from Patreon. They claimed that they were "a collective of individuals who believe in the importance of protecting artists' rights and ensuring fair compensation for their work" and that they believed that "AI-generated artwork is detrimental to the creative industry and should be discouraged".


Nicholas Baptiste

# Nicholas Baptiste

## Abstract

Nicholas Baptiste (born August 4, 1995) is a Haitian-Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for HC Vityaz in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Baptiste was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres in the third round (69th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.

## Early life

Baptiste was born on August 4, 1995, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada to parents Ralph Baptiste and Michele Emond. His father, coming from Haiti, had limited knowledge of hockey and bought Baptiste his first pair of skates for $2.99 from the Salvation Army. Baptiste began ice skating at the age of six and joined his first hockey team the following year.

## Playing career

### Minor

Baptiste joined a house league hockey team at the age of eight and began playing competitive hockey shortly after. By the age of 12, he began being approached and recruited by scouts and agents. During this time, he also played football and soccer but eventually chose to focus on hockey. Baptiste played minor midget hockey with the Ottawa Senators of the Ottawa District Minor Hockey Association and won their Player of the Year Award in 2011 for his "outstanding ability and the qualities of sportsmanship and leadership." While attending St. Joseph Catholic High School, Baptiste played in the Ontario East Minor Hockey League (OEMHL) and was chosen to compete with the Under-16 Ontario team at the Canada Winter Games in Halifax. During the tournament, he drew the attention of Sudbury Wolves head scout Norm Robert but suffering a season-ending injury. He thus finished the OEMHL regular season with 55 points in 24 games.

### Major junior

Baptiste was drafted in the first round, sixth overall, by the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) during the 2011 OHL Entry Draft. In his first season with the team, Baptiste competed in 68 regular-season games and finished with 8 goals with 19 assists. In December 2011, Baptiste was chosen to skate for Canada Ontario in the 2012 World U-17 Hockey Challenge and helped them win a bronze medal.

Baptiste returned to the Wolves for his sophomore season and became the third-leading scorer for the team with 21 goals with 27 assists in 66 games. Baptiste was again chosen to compete for Team Canada at the 2013 IIHF World U18 Championships where he helped the team win a gold medal by recording two assists in the gold medla game. He and Morgan Klimchuk were tied behind Connor McDavid for second in scoring for Canada at the tournament, with both scoring three goals and five assists. Upon concluding his sophomore season with the Wolves, Baptiste was given the final ranking of 61 amongst North American Skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau prior to the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He was eventually drafted in the third-round, 69th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres.

In his third OHL season, Baptiste was named an assistant captain alongside Mathew Campagna and Jeff Corbett for the 2013–14 campaign. He led the Wolves in scoring with 45 goals and 44 assists in 65 regular-season games and signed a three-year entry-level contract with the Sabres on May 31, 2014. As a result of his play, Baptiste was named the Eastern Conference’s Best Shootout Skater in the Ontario Hockey League’s Coaches Poll and finished second to Andreas Athanasiou as the best skater in the conference.

Baptiste returned to the Wolves for his fourth and final season as co-captain for the team alongside Brody Silk. He skated in 12 games for the team before being traded to the Erie Otters on November 24, 2014, in exchange for Travis Wood, Cole Mayo, and four draft picks. In 53 regular-season games between the two teams, he scored 32 goals with 32 assists and had 26 penalty minutes.

### Professional

Upon concluding his major junior career, Baptiste joined the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League (AHL) for their 2015–16 season.

Following his rookie season, Baptiste was invited by the Sabres to participate in their Prospects Challenge in September, during which he scored a hat-trick. As a result, Sabres coach Dan Bylsma said that Baptiste is "a good possibility" to make his NHL debut at some point during the team's current three-game road trip in Western Canada. Baptiste was also invited to the Sabres training camp prior to the 2016–17 season but was unable to finish due to a back injury suffered during a preseason game against the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was medically cleared to play for the Americans opening night game. Following injuries to Evander Kane and Jack Eichel, Baptiste earned his first NHL call up on October 16, 2016 and made his debut against the Calgary Flames on October 18, 2016. He recorded his first career NHL goal the following game, in a 2–1 loss to the Vancouver Canucks. Although Baptiste was awarded the goal, he was not the one to shoot it into the net. There was a misplay between two Canucks players leading the puck to go into the net and since Baptiste was the last Sabres player to touch it, he was awarded his first NHL goal. Upon rejoining the Americans, Baptiste recorded his first professional regular season hat-trick in a 5–2 win over the Toronto Marlies on December 15.

In this third and final season with the Sabres, Baptiste skated in a career-high 33 NHL games with the Sabres during the year and recorded six points. He re-signed with the Sabres on July 18, 2018.

On October 1, 2018, before the 2018–19 season, Baptiste was traded to the Nashville Predators in exchange for Jack Dougherty. He was immediately reassigned to join AHL affiliate, the Milwaukee Admirals. Baptiste remained with the Admirals, scoring 10 goals and 20 points in 54 games before he was traded for the second time within the season, dealt by the Predators to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for future considerations on February 24, 2019. He was assigned directly to the Maple Leafs AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, playing out the remainder of the season to collect 2 goals and 7 points in 18 games.

With his contract with the Maple Leafs concluded, Baptiste as a free agent opted to continue within the organization, signing a one-year AHL contract with the Marlies on August 15, 2019. In the 2019–20 season, Baptiste recorded just 3 goals in 29 games with the Marlies before he was traded to the Belleville Senators in exchange for Miles Gendron on February 24, 2020.

As a free agent from the Senators, Baptiste continued his tenure in the AHL, signing a one-year AHL contract with the Texas Stars on January 23, 2021. Following the signing, Baptiste was named an alternate captain alongside Josh Melnick and captain Cole Schneider for the 2020–21 season. In the shortened season, Baptiste registered 12 goals and 24 points through 34 regular season games for Texas.

As a free agent, Baptiste opted to sign his first contract abroad, agreeing to a one-year deal with Finnish club, Ilves Tampere, of the Liiga, on July 21, 2021. In the 2021–22 season, Baptiste quickly adapted to the European style, contributing with 21 goals and 35 points in 52 regular season games. He notched 5 goals in the playoffs, helping Ilves reach the semi-finals.

On July 4, 2022, Baptiste left Finland after agreeing to a one-year contract with German club, Kölner Haie of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), for the 2022–23 season. In his lone season in Germany, Baptiste contributed offensively with 14 goals and 34 points through 46 regular season games.

As a free agent Baptiste opted to leave the DEL and return to the Finnish Liiga, agreeing to a one-year contract with Tappara on June 22, 2023.

After a successful season with Tappara, Baptiste left at the conclusion of his contract and continued his career abroad in agreeing to a one-year deal with Russian club, Vityaz Moscow Region of the KHL, on May 29, 2024.

## Career statistics


1800 in Germany

# 1800 in Germany

## Abstract

Events from the year 1800 in Germany.

## Incumbents

### Holy Roman Empire

- Francis II (5 July 1792 – 6 August 1806)

#### Important Electors

- Bavaria – Maximilian I (16 February 1799 – 6 August 1806)

- Saxony – Frederick Augustus I (17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806)

### Kingdoms

- Kingdom of Prussia Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)

- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)

### Grand Duchies

- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis I – (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)

- Frederick Francis I – (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)

- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)

- Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)

- Grand Duke of Oldenburg Wilhelm (6 July 1785 – 2 July 1823) Wilhelm, who suffered from mental illness, was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign. Peter I (2 July 1823 – 21 May 1829)

- Wilhelm (6 July 1785 – 2 July 1823) Wilhelm, who suffered from mental illness, was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.

- Peter I (2 July 1823 – 21 May 1829)

- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

- Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

### Principalities

- Schaumburg-Lippe George William (13 February 1787 – 1860)

- George William (13 February 1787 – 1860)

- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Louis Frederick II (13 April 1793 – 28 April 1807)

- Louis Frederick II (13 April 1793 – 28 April 1807)

- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 – 19 August 1835)

- Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 – 19 August 1835)

- Principality of Reuss-Greiz Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800 – 29 January 1817)

- Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800 – 29 January 1817)

- Waldeck and Pyrmont Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

- Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

### Duchies

- Duke of Anhalt-Dessau Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)

- Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)

- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) – Frederick

- Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) – Frederick

- Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Francis (8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806)

- Francis (8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806)

- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Georg I (1782–1803)

- Georg I (1782–1803)

- Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)

- Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)

- Duke of Württemberg Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)

- Frederick I (22 December 1797 – 30 October 1816)

### Other

- Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt Louis I (6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806)

- Louis I (6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806)

## Events

- 2 April – Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No. 1 premieres at the Burgtheater, in Vienna.

- May 3 Battle of Stockach: French victory Battle of Engen: French victory

- Battle of Stockach: French victory

- Battle of Engen: French victory

- 4 – 5 May – Battle of Messkirch: French victory

- 9 May – Battle of Biberach: French victory

- 15 May – Battle of Erbach: French victory

- 19 June – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Höchstädt – General Jean Victor Marie Moreau leads French forces to victory, opening the Danube passageway to Vienna.

- 27 June – Battle of Neuburg: French victory

- 22 November – War of the Second Coalition: Hostilities resume.

- 1 December – Battle of Ampfing

- 3 December – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden – The French army defeats Habsburg and Bavarian troops.

## Births

- 26 January – Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (died 1884)

- 3 March – Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist, paleontologist (died 1862)

- 10 March – Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (died 1869)

- 17 March – Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman, mystic (died 1862)

- 20 March – Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist, literary historian (died 1875)

- 25 March – Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist, mineralogist (died 1889)

- 28 March – Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)

- 16 April – Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (died 1879)

- 30 May – Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1834)

- 31 July – Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (died 1882)

- 20 August – Bernhard Heine, German physician, bone specialist and inventor (died 1846)

- 26 October – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German Field Marshal (died 1891)

### Approximate date

- Abraham Rice, German-born rabbi, first ordained rabbi to serve in the United States (died 1862)

## Deaths

- 3 January – Count Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein, Prime Minister of Prussia (born 1714)

- 6 January – Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)

- 11 January – Kyra Frosini, Greek heroine (born 1773)

- 16 January – Johann Christian Wiegleb, German chemist (born 1732)

- 4 February – Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg, Countess of Varel and Kniphausen (born 1715)

- 20 June – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)

- 28 June – Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz, German noble (born 1722)

- 10 September – Johann David Schoepff, German naturalist, doctor (born 1752)

- 4 October – Johann Hermann, German physician, naturalist (born 1738)


# Bojan Spasojević (footballer, born 1992)

## Abstract

Bojan Spasojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бојан Спасојевић; born 18 January 1992) is a Serbian football forward who last played for Dinamo Vranje.

## Club career

Born in Kosovska Mitrovica, Spasojević moved in Kragujevac as a kid and started playing football with football school "Fitness" at the age of 7. Later he played with local Erdoglija and Šumadija through his youth categories. After the fusion of two clubs, Spasojević made his senior debut for Šumadija 1903 at the age of 16. As a teenager, he signed a five-year contract with Javor Ivanjica, where he also spent a period with youth team. During the time he was under contract with Javor, Spasojević mostly spent as a loaned player with Sloga Petrovac na Mlavi, Šumadija Kragujevac, Kopaonik Brus and Tabane Trgovački. In the meantime, he made his Serbian SuperLiga debut in the 13th fixture match of the 2012–13 season, against Novi Pazar, played on 17 November 2012. After the end of contract, he played with Pobeda Beloševac, Arsenal Kragujevac and Vodojaža, where he was the best scorer with 17 goals in the first-half of the 2016–17 season. At the beginning of 2017, he joined Serbian First League side Dinamo Vranje. Spasojević left Dinamo after the end of a season, making single appearance in the First League.


Ibrahim Arifović

# Ibrahim Arifović

## Abstract

Ibrahim Arifović (Serbian Cyrillic: Ибрахим Арифовић; born 22 July 1990) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for Prespa Birlik.

## Club career

Born in Novi Pazar, SR Serbia, which back then was still within Yugoslavia, he played many years with his local club FK Novi Pazar in the Serbian SuperLiga. In the first semester of 2015 he played with FK Berane in the Montenegrin First League. The next season he played the first 6 months with KS Kastrioti in Albanian Superliga. Later he returned to Berane and after the first half of the 2016–17 season he spent with Jošanica in the Serbian League West, he joined his home club Novi Pazar for the third time at the beginning of 2017. On 31 January 2018, Arifović signed a one-year contract with TB/FC Suðuroy/Royn.