Transformers Autobots and Decepticons

# Transformers Autobots and Decepticons

## Abstract

Transformers Autobots and Transformers Decepticons are action-adventure video games developed by Vicarious Visions and published by Activision. The two games are based on the 2007 live action film Transformers, being the Nintendo DS port of Transformers: The Game. The two games share some basic similarities, but overall feature different characters, missions and locations. Both games received mixed reviews upon release

## Gameplay

The game consists of four virtual locations, semi-destructible environments and enemies in the form of local law enforcement and opposing Transformers. " Hazard levels " denote the extent of attack the player character comes under based on how much destruction they perpetrate. Glowing spots on the map denote mission markers, which come in two varieties - twenty-three story missions, which further the game storyline, and thirty-four challenge missions, for players to test their skills. The game also features a slight RPG element in the form of XP, gained by destroying enemies and completing missions, which steadily increases players' levels (up to 20), unlocking new abilities and increasing stats. While a select number of missions allow players to take control of five of the Autobots or Decepticons featured in the movie, for the majority of the game, the player will control the "Create-A-Bot," a customizable generic Transformer whose alternate mode the player can determine by scanning any one of over thirty-five vehicles found throughout the game locations.(You can also name your Create-A-Bot.)

The games utilizes the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection for the "AllSpark Wars" online campaign, which pits players of the two different versions of the game against each other. Players are able to download one new special single player challenge each day and earn points upon its completion. Their score is then uploaded to a server at the end of the challenge and the side with the most points at the end of the day (Autobots or Decepticons) wins the "battle". The first side to win seven battles wins the overall "war" and a new war begins. However, if the Autobots and Decepticons win at least one piece each, a "tiebreaker match" will be played until the whole Allspark is under control of either side. Players earn Wi-Fi tokens for their involvement, which will unlock additional vehicles and cheats for use while playing the main game. Despite the aforementioned Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection support, multiplayer death-matches are limited to localized wireless play. There is also a secret form for the custom character called "Skydive," which is countered by G1 Starscream, a somewhat improved Starscream, in the Decepticons game; both can be obtained by earning 2500 tokens through Wi-Fi play.

## Synopsis

### Characters

- Create-A-Bot (voiced by Steven Blum) - the player's own customizable character, portrayed as an Autobot/Decepticon rookie who seeks to prove himself to his superiors.

- Optimus Prime (voiced by Peter Cullen) - the wise, heroic, and inspiring leader of the Autobots who transforms into a 1997 Peterbilt 379 semi-truck.

- Bumblebee - a recon officer and scout who transforms into a 1977 Chevrolet Camaro and communicates through the radio as his vocal processors were damaged by Megatron.

- Ironhide (voiced by Mark Ryan) - the Autobots' weapon specialist who first mentors the player when they arrive on Earth. He transforms into a GMC Topkick pickup truck.

- Jazz (voiced by Andrew Kishino) - the Autobots' second-in-command who transforms into a Pontiac Solstice GXP Weekend Racer Concept.

- Ratchet (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) - the Autobots' medical officer who transforms into a Search and Rescue Hummer H2. He is the only Autobot who the player doesn't have any personal interaction with throughout the game.

- Megatron (voiced by Frank Welker) - the leader of the Decepticons, who was frozen in ice after tracking the AllSpark to Earth. He transforms into a Cybertronian jet.

- Barricade (voiced by Keith David) - the leader of a autbots team investigating the Decepticon signal that originated from Earth. He serves as a mentor figure to the Create-A-Bot and wishes to find Megatron and remove Starscream from power. He transforms into a Ford Mustang Saleen S281 E police car.

- Blackout (voiced by Noah Nelson) - a polite member of Barricade's team who turns into a Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low helicopter.

- Brawl (voiced by David Sobolov) - a destructive, yet childish member of Barricade's team who turns into a modified M1 Abrams tank.

- Starscream (voiced by Daniel Ross) - the second-in-command of the Decepticons who seeks to find the AllSpark and become leader of the Decepticons. He transforms into a Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor jet.

### Plot of Autobots

Upon landing on Earth, the Autobot rookie "Create-A-Bot" undergoes a basic systems check, under Ironhide's coordination, before defeating several Decepticons, including the Create-A-Bot from Transformers Decepticons, and taking on the form of a vehicle he scans. Afterwards, he arrives in Tranquility, where Optimus Prime teaches him to value the lives of the humans that all Autobots are sworn to protect, before meeting with Bumblebee, who has him scan additional vehicles, as well as the internet for information on a pair of glasses with a Decepticon code imprinted onto them. After informing the Create-A-Bot that both the Decepticon leader Megatron and the AllSpark might be on Earth, Bumblebee leaves to retrieve the glasses, only to discover the Decepticon Barricade has already claimed them. Bumblebee pursues and ultimately defeats Barricade, before learning from a news article that a "giant metal man" was found frozen in the Arctic.

The Create-A-Bot goes there and meets with Ironhide, before discovering that a human military organization called Sector 7 found Megatron and had him imprisoned at their base there, but later moved him to an unknown location. They also discover an encrypted file titled "Project: Ice Man" which they send to Optimus, before being attacked by the Decepticon second-in-command Starscream, whom Ironhide defeats. Returning to Tranquility, the pair rendezvous with Bumblebee, who has discovered that Sector 7 had adapted Megatron's technology into automated defenses which they have set up all over town. Once Bumblebee destroys them, Optimus Prime arrives on Earth with Jazz and Ratchet, and sends Jazz to retrieve several Sector 7 vehicles for analysis, one of which turns out to be Decepticon Blackout. After driving him off, Jazz meets with Optimus and they learn through the data they've retrieved that Sector 7 has both Megatron and the AllSpark kept hidden inside the Hoover Dam. Vowing to destroy his former brother, Optimus orders Bumblebee to distract Sector 7's forces, allowing the other Autobots to escape, though when Create-A-Bot recklessly tries to help, Bumblebee gets himself captured while saving him.

When Optimus decides to focus on retrieving the AllSpark rather than saving Bumblebee, Ironhide angrily accuses him of caring only about destroying Megatron, though he later apologizes. At the Hoover Dam, Jazz hacks into Sector 7's computer systems and learns where Bumblebee is being kept, before Create-A-Bot is sent to rescue him. Bumblebee reveals that he knows where the AllSpark is, and retrieves it along with his weapon chip, before meeting with Optimus, though they are intercepted by Barricade when they try to leave the dam. Optimus battles and kills him, but with his final words, Barricade reveals he was merely a distraction, allowing the other Decepticons to free Megatron. Ironhide and the Create-A-Bot eavesdrop on the Decepticons and learn that they've placed bombs on the dam, which the former disarms, while Optimus goes after Megatron. He is intercepted by Brawl, but quickly dispatches of him.

The Autobots head back to Tranquility with the AllSpark, pursued by the Decepticons. Blackout goes after Bumblebee, but is killed by Ratchet. Megatron soon shows up and takes the AllSpark, wounding Bumblebee in the process. Optimus then attempts to take him on alone, but Megatron uses the AllSpark to create drones that attack him. The Create-A-Bot arrives and manages to get the AllSpark away from Megatron, shoving it into his chest, which mortally wounds him as well. Optimus proceeds to battle the injured Megatron, ultimately killing him and destroying the AllSpark. Before he dies, the Create-A-Bot tells Optimus to make Earth the Autobots' new home. Optimus mourns his death and later honors his last wish by sending a message into space for any surviving Autobots to join them on Earth before driving off into the sunset with Bumblebee, Ratchet, and Ironhide.

### Plot of Decepticons

Starscream sends his protégé, the "Create-A-Bot", to Earth to help Barricade investigate a faint Decepticon signal they received. After Create-A-Bot undergoes a basic systems check, under Barricade's coordination, they encounter a group of Autobots in the area, including the Create-A-Bot from Transformers Autobots, whom he destroys. He is then called to Tranquility and tasked with helping Barricade find the Autobot Bumblebee, who has information regarding Megatron, and whom they discover has learned from a news article about a frozen "giant metal man" found in the Arctic. The Create-A-Bot then relays this information to Starscream, who encourages him to earn Barricade's trust. While Create-A-Bot distracts the local police, Barricade finds and fights Bumblebee, defeating him and retrieving the information from him. It is revealed that a human military organization called Sector 7 had Megatron imprisoned at a base in the Arctic, but moved him to an unknown location, and that a file called "Project: Ice Man" has information regarding Megatron's current location.

Blackout and Create-A-Bot next head to a SOCCENT Military Base in Qatar, where they rendezvous with Brawl, who helps Create-A-Bot attack the airfield as a distraction, while Blackout cuts off communications and hacks into the humans' network to find the "Project: Ice Man" file. The Autobot Ratchet shows up with reinforcements, but is defeated and flees Create-A-Bot the relays the information they found to Starscream, who informs him that Megatron and the AllSpark are on Earth, Megatron having followed it here years ago. Starscream encourages the Create-A-Bot not to tell anyone about the AllSpark being on Earth, claiming he wants to secure it and avoid having to fight with anyone else over it.

Back in Tranquility, Blackout discovers that Sector 7 has set up automated defenses made from Megatron's technology all over town, whom Create-A-Bot destroys, while Barricade uses the town's power plant to get enough energy to crack the file. After Brawl shields the plant's generators from Sector 7, Optimus Prime arrives on Earth with more Autobots. Create-A-Bot distracts them to give Barricade more time, culminating with him defeating Bumblebee and leaving him to be captured by Sector 7. Barricade then learns that the "ice man" described in the file is Megatron, who is being held at the Hoover Dam. The Decepticons attack the dam, with Brawl destroying several communication satellites and planting bombs as a contingency plan, while Starscream orders the Create-A-Bot to kill Megatron before Barricade can revive him. Troubled by these orders, Create-A-Bot relays them to his fellow Decepticons, who realize that Starscream wants to secure the AllSpark to ensure that no one can challenge him. Meanwhile, Barricade attacks a military base near the dam and finds a way inside after learning that Sector 7 joined forces with the Autobots. With Blackout's help, Barricade infiltrates the dam and finds that Sector 7 has kept Megatron frozen to study his technology, before unfreezing him.

With Megatron alive and leading the Decepticons once again, he vows to kill Starscream for his treachery and gives an inspiring speech to his followers, before Brawl arrives with the news that the Autobots have taken the AllSpark to Tranquility. The Decepticons attack the city, though Megatron is ambushed by Jazz, who disposed of the bombs Brawl planted earlier, and whom Megatron swiftly kills after a brief fight. In Tranquility, the Decepticons kill most of the Autobots, with Brawl taking down Ironhide, and Starscream eliminating Bumblebee. Blackout and Barricade then attempt to arrest Starscream, but he kills them both and escapes, despite Create-A-Bot's attempt to stop him. Elsewhere, Megatron battles and kills Optimus, before Starscream arrives and challenges him for leadership of the Decepticons. Alongside Create-A-Bot, Megatron pursues him to the casino strip where the former landed on Earth. Create-A-Bot attempts to kill Starscream by shoving the AllSpark into his chest, mortally wounding himself in the process, but to no avail. Megatron ultimately kills Starscream on his own, before executing the wounded Create-A-Bot, as he is no longer useful in his current state. With most of his troops dead, Megatron then transforms into a jet and flies off into the night sky, his destination unknown.

## Reception

Both games received "mixed or average" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

Writing for GameSpy, Phil Theobald wrote that to his surprise, he enjoyed "the DS Transformers games more than the console versions". While he felt that gameplay was simplistic, he found the online modes to be "strangely addicting". Frank Provo from GameSpot remarked that the differences between the two titles were mostly "cosmetic" in nature. While he liked the fundamental gameplay premise and the cast performance, he was disappointed by the game's targeting system and camera, the game's short length and the excessive use of filler missions.

Sammy Barker from Nintendo Life was strongly critical of the game, describing it as "dull, repetitive and bland", and remarked that the two separate versions were "merely just a cash-in on Activision's side to get the most serious of Transformers fans to buy two games.


Kenny Edwards

# Kenny Edwards

## Abstract

Kenneth Michael Edwards (February 10, 1946 – August 18, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter, bassist, guitarist, mandolinist, and session musician. He was a founding member of the Stone Poneys and Bryndle and a long-time collaborator with Linda Ronstadt and Karla Bonoff.

## Biography

Having been a founding member of The Stone Poneys in 1964 with Linda Ronstadt and Bobby Kimmel, Edwards next turned his musical attention to the band Bryndle (with Karla Bonoff, Andrew Gold and Wendy Waldman) five years later. In 1970, Bryndle recorded their debut album for A&M Records. The album went through many revisions before being submitted to the record company, but it was never released. Edwards subsequently returned to work with Linda Ronstadt on her ground-breaking album, Heart Like A Wheel. He then spent many years with Ronstadt as a sideman, singer, arranger and touring band member. Edwards also became a noted producer and was responsible for masterminding former Bryndle colleague Bonoff's solo albums. His session work has seen Edwards work either live or in the studio with acts such as Emmylou Harris, Stevie Nicks, JD Souther, Don Henley, Brian Wilson, Warren Zevon, Art Garfunkel, Vince Gill, Mac McAnally, David Lee Murphy, Jennifer Warnes, Danny Kortchmar, Lowell George, as well as a younger generation of artists including Glen Phillips and Natalie D-Napoleon. Edwards released his first, self-titled solo album in 2002. In his later years, he performed as a singer-songwriter, often with Nina Gerber accompanying, and completed the recording and release of a second solo album in 2009.

## Stone Poneys

In 1964, Linda Ronstadt moved to Los Angeles to form a band with her old Tucson friend Bobby Kimmel, who had already begun co-writing several folk-rock songs with guitarist-songwriter Edwards. As The Stone Poneys, the band was signed by the late Nik Venet to Capitol and released three albums in a 15-month period in 1967–68: The Stone Poneys; Evergreen, Volume 2; and Linda Ronstadt, Stone Poneys and Friends, Vol. III. The band is best known for their hit single " Different Drum " (written by Michael Nesmith prior to his joining the Monkees), which reached No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 12 in Cash Box. (It hit #1 in Los Angeles and reached #6 in the Detroit marketplace.) The song remains one of Linda Ronstadt's most popular recordings. While Stone Poneys broke up before the release of their third album, Edwards recorded and toured with Ronstadt from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, mainly as a bassist.

## Bryndle

In 1970, Bryndle recorded their debut album for A&M Records with Chuck Plotkin helming one of his first major production undertakings. The album went through several revisions, but was never released. A single, "Woke Up This Morning", written by Karla Bonoff and produced by Lou Adler, did arise from those sessions and met with modest success. This was to be the only release from the original incarnation of Bryndle as the band subsequently disbanded. Waldman, Bonoff, Andrew Gold and Edwards established solo careers and session work before reforming in the early 1990s. In 1995, a newly recorded debut was released and the band began a tour of America and Japan. In 1996, Gold departed the band while Bryndle continued touring through 1997. After a break of more than five years, the band reformed for two house concert performances in 2002. Those two performances were edited down to a single CD released the next year. The band was mostly inactive after their 2002 performances.

## Solo

From early 2000 until his death, Edwards predominantly performed as a solo singer-songwriter. In that time he recorded and released his first self-titled solo album (2002) and a second titled "Resurrection Road" (2009). He undertook showcase performances at roots-based music festivals and series including Folk Alliance and Sings Like Hell. He also regularly supported Karla Bonoff on tour while also serving as her accompanist.

Edwards was a prolific songwriter with at least 235 published BMI credits. Many of these compositions were incidental music for television programs produced by the NFL, NASCAR, Nat Geo TV, the PGA, Animal Planet, CBS This Morning, The Daily Show, Dateline NBC and many others. Among the artists who recorded his songs include the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band ("Mother of Love"), Lisa Haley & the Zydecats ("This Time Around"—cowritten with Wendy Waldman), Doug Stone ("Small Steps"—cowritten with Gary Burr) and Ronny Cox ("Silver City"—cowritten with Cox and Waldman).

## Death

Edwards died on August 18, 2010, after battles with cancer and a blood disorder. Edwards had been diagnosed with the blood disorder TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) and had also been receiving chemotherapy for prostate cancer. He was 64 years old.

## Discography

### Solo albums

- Kenny Edwards, Kenny Edwards, (2002).

- Kenny Edwards, Resurrection Road, (2009).

### Collaborations

- Linda Ronstadt & The Stone Poneys, The Stone Poneys, (1967).

- Linda Ronstadt & The Stone Poneys, Evergreen Vol. 2, (1967).

- Linda Ronstadt & The Stone Poneys, Stone Poneys and Friends Vol. 3, (1968).

- Steve Ambrose, Gypsy Moth, (1972).

- Stone Poneys, Stoney End (best-of compilation), (1972).

- Wendy Waldman, Love Has Got Me, (1973).

- Rod Taylor, Rod Taylor, (1973).

- Linda Ronstadt, Heart Like A Wheel, (1974).

- Wendy Waldman, Gypsy Symphony, (1974).

- Rita Coolidge, Rita Coolidge, (1974).

- B.W. Stevenson, Calabasas, (1974).

- Linda Ronstadt, Prisoner in Disguise, (1975).

- Wendy Waldman, Wendy Waldman, (1975).

- Andrew Gold, Andrew Gold, (1975).

- Linda Ronstadt, Hasten Down The Wind, (1976).

- Wendy Waldman, The Main Refrain, (1976).

- Andrew Gold, What's Wrong With This Picture, (1976).

- JD Souther, Black Rose, (1976).

- Iain Matthews, Go For Broke, (1976)

- Linda Ronstadt, Simple Dreams, (1977).

- Karla Bonoff, Karla Bonoff, (1977).

- Linda Ronstadt, Living in the USA, (1978).

- Warren Zevon, Excitable Boy, (1978).

- Andrew Gold, All This And Heaven Too, (1978).

- Karla Bonoff, Restless Nights, (1979).

- JD Souther, You're Only Lonely, (1979).

- Bonnie Raitt, Glow, (1979).

- Jennifer Warnes, Shot Through The Heart, (1979).

- Linda Ronstadt, Mad Love, (1980).

- Rita Coolidge, Heartbreak Radio, (1981).

- Linda Ronstadt, Get Closer, (1982).

- Karla Bonoff, Wild Heart of the Young, (1982).

- Don Henley, I Can't Stand Still, (1982).

- Warren Zevon, The Envoy, (1982).

- Stevie Nicks, Wild Heart, (1983).

- Ringo Starr, Old Wave, (1983).

- Stevie Nicks, Rock A Little, (1985).

- Linda Ronstadt / Dolly Parton / Emmylou Harris, Trio, (1987).

- Karla Bonoff, New World, (1988).

- Brothers Figaro, Gypsy Beat, (1990).

- Williams Brothers, Williams Brothers, (1991).

- Wynonna, Tell Me Why, (1993).

- Williams Brothers, Harmony Hotel, (1993).

- Vince Gill, "When Will I Be Loved" (8 Seconds Soundtrack), (1994).

- Bryndle, Bryndle, (1995).

- David Lee Murphy, Out with a Bang, (1995).

- Warren Zevon, I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (An Anthology), (1996).

- Emmylou Harris, Portraits, (1996).

- J.D. Souther, Rock and Roll Doctor: Lowell George Tribute, (1997).

- Bryndle, House of Silence, (2001).

- Dorothy Moskowitz, Do You Follow Me? (2004).

- Antara & Delilah, Red Barn Sessions (2007)

- Natalie D-Napoleon, Here in California, (2009).

- Dick Annegarn, Folk Talk (2011)

- Natalie D-Napoleon, Leaving Me Dry, (2012).


COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey

# COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey

## Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic in the Bailiwick of Jersey was part of a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case in Jersey was confirmed on 10 March 2020 when a person tested positive on the island after returning from Italy.

The Government of Jersey's strategy after lockdown was "suppress, contain and shield." This involved delaying the spread of the virus, avoiding vulnerable people from catching it, helping the island's health service cope with the number of people requiring hospital care and saving as many lives as possible. It acknowledged that many islanders would become infected, and sought to ensure that the best possible medical care was available to them.

## Background

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late December 2019 as the cause of a cluster of cases of an acute respiratory disease now referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 31 March 2020, more than 190 countries and territories have been affected, with major outbreaks in China, Italy, South Korea and Iran. On 11 March, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterised the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic.

## Timeline

### February - March 2020: Early response

On 30 January the Government of Jersey made its first announcement about the virus, saying that its cross-Government review group met that morning to discuss the situation. The following day the Government issued travel advice for islanders returning from affected areas of China.

On 19 February 2020, a helpline was set up to answer islanders' questions about Coronavirus. It is staffed by personnel from Customer & Local Services, Health and Community Services and Environmental Health. As of 9 April it was handling on average 550 calls per day.

On 10 March, the first case had reached the island – the infected person had travelled from Italy. The following day a second case was confirmed.

On 12 March, the advice from Senator John Le Fondré, Chief Minister of Jersey was to maintain a semblance of normal life, including continuing to go on holidays off-island, but by 14 March his advice changed, requesting over-65s to start social distancing, and on 20 March he extended this advice to islanders of all ages. Islanders had to avoid non-essential travel.

By 20 March there were 10 confirmed cases in Jersey, two of which were believed to have been contracted within the island rather than by inbound travel. From 20 March, all travellers arriving on the island, other than essential workers, were required to self-isolate for 14 days. From midnight on 26 March those aged over 65 and people with certain underlying medical conditions were required to self-isolate. On 28 March, islanders were told that if one or more people in a household develop COVID-19 symptoms then all the other members of the household must also self-isolate for 14 days.

On 26 March, the Chief Minister called for young people to heed the social distancing advice for the sake of their family members, and bemoaned the spread of unhelpful rumours by conspiracy theorists over social media.

### March - April 2020: First wave and lockdown

On 30 March, ten patients with COVID-19 were being treated at the hospital. On the evening of 29 March, the Chief Minister announced a lockdown, effective from 8 am the following morning. Islanders were required to stay at home other than for up to 2 hours for specific purposes unless they were employed in an essential function. The reasons to be outside the home included: shopping for basic necessities (as infrequently as possible), daily socially distanced exercise and for any medical needs. Islanders were permitted to travel to any part of the island for fresh air and essential shopping (but travel time was included in the 2 hour limit). People were encouraged to take advantage of large open spaces such as beaches and the countryside.

The States Assembly passed new legislation, including a law to empower the police to remove people from public areas, enforce self-isolation, testing and screening, and detain those who are potentially infected. On 3 April, a Ministerial Decision was signed to keep schools closed until 1 May at least, except for essential workers' children and some vulnerable children.

On 6 April, the number of confirmed cases totalled 169. 19 patients at the hospital were being treated for COVID-19. More granular data began to be reported, and on 15 April, Charlie Parker, Chief Executive of the Government of Jersey, stated that there were 21 patients with COVID-19 being treated at the Jersey General Hospital with eight others 'elsewhere in other hospital settings'.

By 20 April the Government had started to report the number of patients who had recovered: 118 cases, almost 50% of confirmed cases, were now classified as recovered. In hospital there were 63 patients of which 14 were COVID-19 positive. The Chief Minister had said that antibody testing would be key to the ending of the lockdown with 10,000 kits arriving in Jersey in mid-April, which were being tested, with a further 150,000 on order from a different supplier. On 24 April the initial lockdown was extended, until at least 11 May.

Informal Governmental discussions on a plan for removing restrictions began in mid-April with the intention to enter formal discussions by the end of the month.

### April - September 2020: Safe exit framework

Jersey's exit from lockdown was managed through the Government of Jersey's "Safe exit framework". The framework was composed of four levels:

From 11 May there was a gradual relaxation of the "stay at home" rules – the island moved to 'level 3' which allowed people to leave their homes for up to six hours a day and to meet with up to five people per day from other households. Initially, the two metre physical distancing continued to be required outside the home and extremely vulnerable people were required to continue to self isolate. Restaurants and cafes were permitted to serve food in outside seated areas, and large non-essential businesses could operate, all subject to social distancing. A week later, all retail premises were allowed to open, as long as they maintained two-metre physical distancing.

From 29 May the restrictions on time spent outside were lifted, and people were permitted to enter other peoples homes provided no more than five others enter the home. People were required to continue to maintain two-metre physical distancing when outside their household. Fines of up to £1,000 could be imposed for illegal gatherings.

From 8 June, dentists were allowed to carry out routine as well as emergency procedures, nurseries could open and schools could begin accepting some year groups. On 26 June, the social distancing requirement halved to one metre, and from 1 July pubs were allowed to serve alcohol without a meal to seated customers. On 30 June there were no known active cases and over 15,000 tests had been conducted in total. On 7 July the hospital started to allow adults to visit patients, but with number, time and safety conditions applying.

On 8 August Jersey moved to 'level 1', with further relaxation of rules. The aim was to live safely with the virus, promoting SAFER hygiene/at a distance/in smaller groups/outside/when you can be contacted.

At the start of the September term the schools opened to all children, with specific social distancing rules and staggered start times.

From 1 July to 5 October, a breakdown of sources show two were identified whilst seeking healthcare, 83 were inbound travellers, three were admissions screening, four planned workforce screening and 20 from contact tracing.

### October 2020 - January 2021: Second wave and circuit-break

The number of new cases per week began to climb steadily from late September. In November, the Government announced the new "Covid-19 Winter Strategy" in an effort to prepare for winter and avoid a second lockdown. The plan comprised eight main actions:

- Increasing on-Island testing

- Continually updating the travel classifications

- Introducing mask policies for indoor public spaces

- Adopting shielding programmes to keep people at high risk safe but connected

- Vaccinating for flu and when possible, for COVID-19

- Making sure all of Government is prepared, especially in supporting care, health and economic interventions

- Being ready to escalate if needed, but using the 'least overall harm' principle

- Communication about sensible behaviour, backed with enforcement

After a spike in new cases, on 30 November, the Chief Minister announced that face masks would be compulsory in shops, supermarkets, banks, on buses and in taxis, in health care settings, at hairdressers and at beauticians and encouraged remote work where possible. Those over 70 years old should avoid indoor contact with people from outside their household.

The restrictions were increased three days later, with all pubs, bars, restaurants, gyms and fitness classes ordered to close within 24 hours, two metre social distancing is also reinstated with an expectation that these restrictions would continue until after New Year.

By mid December, active cases passed 700 with care homes closing to visitors to try and stop new cases occurring as the vaccination of care home residents began. On 17 December, it was announced a care home resident had died from COVID-19.

On 31 December 2020 2,760 cases had been identified of which 556 were active and there had been 44 deaths.

### January - August 2021: Reconnection

On 7 January 2021, the Chief Minister announced the 'process for reconnection', the island's exit strategy from its second period of restrictions. Stage 1 on 11 January saw schools in the island return in full. Other measures would remain in place until at least 25 January, with Ministers announcing more lifting of restrictions on 21 January.

On 24 January 2021, the Health Minister announced the island would move to Stage 2 of the re-connection strategy from 27 January and close-contact businesses from 3 February. It was also announced that islanders would no longer need a referral note for a massage or acupuncture treatment when they reopen. On 26 January, Health Minister Richard Renouf announced the move to Stage 2 would be delayed until 3 February (and close-contact businesses until 10 February) due to a cluster of infections related to staff working in the supply chain of the retail industry. Non-essential retail re-opened from 3 February (nine days later than originally planned) and close-contact businesses were allowed to resume trade from 10 February. On 3 February, it was reported that the town centre was busy, especially King Street. An advisory 'Keep Left' one-way system was implemented on St Helier's high street to help maintain physical distancing.

On 17 February 2021, the Chief Minister announced that further easing of restrictions would take place on 22 February with the island moving to Stage 3 of the re-connection roadmap. Stage 3 saw hospitality venues allowed to reopen as well as the resumption of all outdoor sport and the opening of visitor attractions. 2-metre distancing must be maintained and restaurants and cafés must follow strict guidance on mask wearing and table limits. Alcohol can only be served with a substantial meal, which is either a main course or two starters - and not with light snacks.

Stage 4 would have seen pubs and gyms, indoor swimming being allowed to reopen from 10 March (at the earliest). People will be able to meet others indoors.

On 5 March 2021, Deputy Chief Minister Senator Lyndon Farnham set out the re-connection process to remove all COVID-19 restrictions in Jersey. Each stage will last for at least four weeks, higher than the earlier three weeks.

An announcement on travel restrictions will come the week after.

On 15 March, Jersey moved to Stage 4 of the reconnection. Indoor sporting events and venues are allowed to re-open. Indoor mixing of up to 10 people was permitted under guidance once again a day earlier for Mothering Sunday.

On 19 March, the Government announced the reconnection strategy for travel. The island will return to regional classifications on the Green/Amber/Red framework from 26 April. From 17 May, all countries will move from all-red to regional classifications except those on the UK "red list" of travel banned countries.

On 30 March, the reconnection pathway was updated to reflect lower case numbers. From 2 April, Good Friday, table-only drinks service will be permitted. From 12 April, the island moved to Stage 5 and the social distancing law and remote work guidance ended. Gathering sizes will be lifted in formal settings, such as in theatres and wedding receptions. Stage 6 will be altered so that standing alcoholic drinking can resume and Stage 7 will go ahead as already planned.

As of 20 June 2021, the move to Stage 7 had been delayed. It was initially delayed by one week to 21 June, however due to a number of inbound cases of the Delta variant, it was again delayed until 5 July. On 13 July 2021, the reconnection stage had still not happened, having been put back to 15 July. However, the 'Freedom Day' was again delayed again indefinitely, due to a large rise in Covid cases.

On 21 July 2021, the government reintroduced the mandatory indoor mask mandate, requiring all islanders to wear masks in shops, restaurants and other indoor settings. On 30 July 2021, the government reduced the mandatory isolation period for people with COVID and those who arrive at the border from 14 days to 10 days.

On 26 August 2021, the island moved to Stage 7 of the reconnection strategy. All legal COVID-19 restrictions were removed, except from a mask mandate on public transport and at Ports of Jersey sites.

### Living with COVID

On 30 November 2021, following similar moves in the UK in response to the Omicron variant, it was announced that all travellers into the island who had been outside the Common Travel Area in the past ten days would be required to take a PCR test, provided free of charge, upon arrival.

On 30 December 2021, the Minister of Health reduced the isolation period to 7 days for positive cases, provided that two negative LFT tests were taken on day 6 and day 7. This followed a similar reduction taken in England.

On 4 January 2022, in response to the Omicron variant, masks were made mandatory again in indoor settings. Work from home guidance was temporarily reintroduced. The requirement to be classed as fully vaccinated was raised to two vaccinations and a booster vaccination, though those fully vaccinated people would not need to do a test if they arrived in Jersey from outside the Common Travel Area.

## Deaths

The first death from COVID-19 was on 25 March. The person was aged in their 80s, had long-term health conditions and had been receiving palliative care before contracting COVID-19. On 29 March a second person died. They were in their 70s and had long-term health conditions before contracting the virus. On 4 April, a third death was announced – a patient in their late 60s who had underlying health conditions.

On 14 April the number of people that have died either under the care of Health & Community Services or in the community where the death certificate mentions COVID-19 increased to six.

On 27 April the Chief Minister revealed that nine of those that had died had done so at the General Hospital, two at St Saviour's Hospital (a facility where mental illness is treated), seven in care homes and the other in their own home. Most were aged in their 70s, 80s or 90s.

By 12 May deaths totalled 26, with 13 in hospital and 13 in the community of which 12 were in care homes. Three were between 50 and 70 years of age and seven were over 90. 38% female, 62% male. On 20 May, the active cases had reduced to 21, of which two were in hospital. Deaths had increased to 29.

During the period 1 January to 7 June 2020 the number of registered deaths from all causes was 303, which was lower than in the same period in the years 2018 (389) and 2019 (344). This trend continued into October.

## Overview of response

### Strategy

Jersey is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the UK. Jersey's response has been entirely independent of that of the UK, however the island's response to the virus has at times been similar to that of the UK.

Jersey's response is led by the Government of Jersey and overseen by the Chief Minister Senator John Le Fondré, Health Minister Deputy Richard Renouf and Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Health Dr Ivan Muscat. Jersey's COVID-19 strategy has been to "delay, contain and shield" the virus. The present strategy is the "Covid-19 Winter Strategy".

The strategy has been criticised by some with comparisons drawn to neighbouring Guernsey 's response. Guernsey pursued an elimination strategy and has had less restrictions than Jersey since the summer, however has had much tighter border restrictions. Because of this, Guernsey has had fewer cases and deaths and has not experienced the large second wave Jersey did. The head of Jersey Business said it was not useful to draw comparisons between the islands since they have different economies.

### Testing

Initially tests were sent to Colindale in London for processing, with results taking between 48 hours and five days. In March arrangements were being made to establish a test facility on island, and this was expected to be ready as soon as the end of April 2020. Five thousand test kits were ordered.

On 15 March, a testing centre was opened at Five Oaks.

On 2 April, the government announced that the 5,000 COVID-19 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests that it had ordered were being supplied by Cepheid Inc in California and two other companies. 150,000 serology tests have been ordered from a UK supplier. The serology tests would identify antibodies in people who have developed immunity. They were due to arrive in batches with the first batch expected in April. They intended to test all households in order to enable a phased 'managed exit from the stay home restrictions'. Islanders will be asked to attend mobile testing centres around the island.

On-island testing commenced on 8 April, with the intention that laboratory staff would work 24 hours a day, seven days a week to be able to process same-day results. The pathology manager said "Around 20 biomedical scientists and laboratory support staff have been trained to perform." Initially the lab was processing 75 tests a day, increasing to 120 a day from 15 April.

In mid-April, 50,000 Healgen antibody detection kits were donated by Gary Hopkinson and Alex Shnaider to Jersey residents.

By 10 May, the results of the antibody testing indicated that only a small proportion of the population had been infected to date. Preliminary indications were of 3.1% ±1.3% infection (95% confidence) with a sample of 855 people.

On 26 May, the Government began offering free 15 minute blood tests to anyone who had worked away from home, to test for antibodies.

The results of a second States of Jersey antibody testing report indicated around 4.2% of the population had contracted COVID-19 based on over 1,000 random tests conducted, with 62% of positive results stating they had not noticed any symptoms. A report by Orchid Care Services, based on 1,146 tests indicated 11% of those taking the test had COVID-19 anti-bodies in their blood.

The testing equipment on the island was only being used when a result is needed urgently, such as when a patient is being admitted to hospital or discharged to a care home. Less urgent tests were sent via a chartered aircraft to a private lab at the University of Warwick Science Park in Coventry, with results normally received within 24 hours. This was because of a worldwide shortage of filters used in the testing machine.

In August, the hospital announced it would set up a self-contained lab capable of testing 1,000 to 1,500 people per day. This would be important as part of preparation for a second wave. The new equipment, which cost around £3 million, arrived in the island on 13 August to become operational in September. Aiming to cut the wait time to receive test results to around 12 hours, the testing laboratory installed near the airport began processing tests in mid-September. It has a maximum capacity of 2,000 tests per day.

December saw tests undertaken pass 200,000. By 27 August 2021, a total of 660,633 tests had been conducted since 2021, of which 650,660 were negative.

#### Commercial testing

A healthcare provider in Jersey, Orchid Care Services, announced it would provide onsite COVID-19 IgG/ IgM Rapid Tests supplied by Californian company CTK Biotech, which have been approved by the Australian Government and had been used to test their own employees. The Government advised extreme caution in their use and would be unlikely to accept data obtained from their use. The facility opened on Friday 15 May and was shut down on 30 June after carrying out over 1,400 tests. The company said it would continue to provide a testing service to businesses who want to screen their staff.

A law to regulate private testing facilities came into force on 15 July 2020.

In August a doctor's surgery began offering a COVID-19 swabbing facility for Islanders who require proof of a test result in order to fulfil travel plans.

### Contact tracing

The government introduced a contact tracing strategy, intended to identify people who have been in recent contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID. The contact testing team helps the individual to identify people they have been within two metres of for more than 15 minutes, or had direct physical contact with without wearing protective equipment.

Businesses such as hair salons, restaurants and bars are required to collect contact information from customers in order to enable contact tracing if a customer is later tested positive.

On 14 October a smartphone contract tracing app called 'Jersey Covid Alert' was launched. It was developed by NearForm at a cost of £240,000 and was based on the same system used in Ireland, Scotland, New York and New Jersey. It is based on the Exposure Notification technology developed by Apple and Google. The app does not track the user's location and is decentralised, with no personal information held other than on the user's smartphone. Three weeks after launch the app had been downloaded over 38,000 times.

At a press conference on 30 November, the Chief Minister announced that the contact tracing team was being expanded from 55 staff to at least 89.

### Economic response

#### Financial support

On 12 March 2020, the Minister for Economic Development announced deferred social security and GST payments, and deferred rent for businesses where the government was the landlord. On 20 March, he announced that government would pay a subsidy of up to £200 a week to workers in the hospitality, retail, wholesale and agriculture and fisheries industries until the end of April. He announced an enhanced phase 2 package of support on 26 March, using the island's strategic reserve – the so-called ' rainy day fund ' – to pay up to 80% of the wages of affected staff in certain industries, capped at £1,600 a month.

The payroll co-funding system was extended on 1 June to run to the end of August 2020. Phase 1 covered March and cost around £2m, Phase 2 around £20m.

In October 2020, the Council of Ministers decided to introduce a new financial support package, however this was overturned by the Treasury Department as it was not "good use of public money". Senator Lyndon Farnham applied a ministerial order to take responsibility for fund allocation.

The support was announced on 5 January 2021, the conditions for the new measures were announced for GST-registered businesses who had a minimum turnover of £300,000 and have suffered detriment to at least 50% of that.

On 21 January 2021, Economy Minister Senator Lyndon Farnham announced a number of support measures for businesses during the circuit breaker. £12 million extra on improved payroll subsidies, £9.5 million for fixed costs support for all (not just hotels) and GST & Social Security deferral for Quarter 1 (January to April).

#### Economic recovery

On 10 July it was announced a number of measures including direct payments to low income households, every adult and child in Jersey would be given £100 in vouchers to spend locally and to help employment a reductions in social security contributions and a fiscal spending programme to help local businesses.

The 2020 Government Plan announced a number of efficiencies measures totalling to £120 million. A further £386 million of debt may be taken out and £235 million will be diverted from the Social Security Fund.

### Health

Jersey has its own health service, separate to the NHS. Its Health & Community Services department has developed its own response to the virus, having planned for a possible pandemic since at least 2009.

On 19 March, the Minister for Health and Community Services announced that the General Hospital would be closed to visitors.

On 20 March government announced that non-essential operations and outpatient appointments would be cancelled for a four-week period.

On 30 March the Chief Minister stated that ten patients were being cared for at the General Hospital, and that the island had 27 ventilators. The island does not have its own extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) machine – patients needing one would normally be transferred to Southampton General Hospital. People who have worked in the health sector such as dentists and pharmacists were asked to volunteer to support the health service.

On 8 April, 17 residents at an unnamed care home were being treated for the virus.

Military helicopters based at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall are on standby to transport critically ill patients from Jersey to intensive care facilities at hospitals in the UK if necessary. They could also be used to fly in medicines, equipment and specialist doctors.

The Deputy Medical Officer of Health Dr Ivan Muscat has had a prominent role in leading the health response to the pandemic. He and Medical director Patrick Armstrong were appointed MBEs in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2020.

#### Nightingale hospital

On 9 April the Government announced that a field hospital would be built on a playing field at Millbrook. Sometimes described as a 'wing' of Jersey General Hospital, it was located adjacent to St Matthews Church, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the main site. The so-called Nightingale hospital was expected to cost £14.4m and to take less than a month to build. It would be 150m long and 30m wide, containing six wards of 30 beds each, but could be expanded to contain up to 240 beds. The field belongs to the family of Lord Trent. The contractor building the site, J3 Limited, was a joint venture between Sir Robert McAlpine, Garenne Construction Group and FES Group. It was involved in building Nightingale hospitals in Glasgow and Manchester.

On 4 May the construction was completed and the building passed to the control of the Health and Community Services department. On 11 May the hospital was opened by the Earl and Countess of Wessex via video link. The Nightingale hospital wing remains unused.

On 14 August the Government announced that the facility would remain in place over the winter, with the lease having been extended to 31 March 2021. The total cost remained within the original budget.

#### Health issues

In June 2020 the States of Jersey published a report into the health aspects of the lockdown. Amongst the points made was that detentions by the police of people with mental health issues had risen and that five attempts at suicide could be linked directly to the lockdown causing mental health issues. The poorest seem to be hit hardest, widening the gap between the haves and have nots.

In August it was announced that when a vaccine becomes available it will be offered to all for free, and the first to receive it will be the most vulnerable. The cost was estimated at £5m.

### End of life and funerals

In March, restrictions on funerals include a ban on church services and only a maximum of ten mourners who must be immediate family may attend was implemented.

The island has capacity for the storage of 100 bodies across the hospital and funeral homes, but the Government prepared a temporary morgue called 'The Sanctum' in case the capacity was exceeded.

In mid-April, the March ban on visiting dying patients was lifted to permit relatives wearing PPE to visit their loved ones.

On 1 July restrictions were relaxed permitting 80 to attend funerals if the building permitted that number with social distancing.

### Transport and travel

Broad Street in Saint Helier was closed in May 2020 to help physical distancing, similar to many other streets projects in response to the pandemic over the British Islands. The road is located in the town centre near King Street. At the time Infrastructure Minister Deputy Kevin Lewis suggested more projects, but did not give details. No further projects have been introduced. Delivery vehicles can still access the road between 7 am and 11 am and cyclists all day in both directions.

The Chamber of Commerce criticised the move, saying that although the Minister had closed the street "according to the advice from the Medical Officer for Health", neither the Minister for Health nor the Medical Officer had been consulted. They said the closure "makes little sense" and a "long-held political wish of some". They say the road is "largely unused by pedestrians" and that the closure "is affecting retailers". A petition was introduced in opposition to the move, however did not gain enough signatures to achieve a States Assembly response. On 3 February 2021, an advisory 'Keep Left' one-way system was implemented on King Street to help maintain physical distancing.

#### Travel restrictions

On 12 March 2020, the advice from Senator John Le Fondré, Chief Minister of Jersey was to maintain a semblance of normal life, including continuing to go on holidays off-island. But on 14 March, the advice was changed so that only essential travel into and out of the island was recommended.

From 20 March to 1 July 2020, all travellers arriving on the island, other than essential workers, were required to self-isolate for 14 days. All non-essential off-island travel was restricted during the lockdown. Since 1 July 2020, Jersey's borders have been open, but with travel restrictions such as testing and self-isolation in place. Jersey has taken a rather different strategy from Guernsey, favouring keeping shorter self-isolation periods for entering the island.

As part of the Level 3 restrictions in the Government's reopening strategy, passengers arriving in the island since 1 June have been given an option to have a PCR test and if negative were not required to self-isolate for two weeks. If the test is positive they were required to undergo several additional tests with a finger prick blood serology test on the fourth and possibly additional PCR tests on fourth and seventh day after arrival. From 3 July the restriction on non-essential travel was lifted. Islanders and tourists were allowed to travel in and out of the island without permission. Passengers must pre-register on the government website before travelling, including declaring anywhere they have travelled in the past 14 days. The default requirement is to self-isolate for 14 days upon arrival in the island, but travellers can opt-in to the 'Safer Travel Testing Programme' to have a shorter isolation period.Since 8 July, all countries and regions are classified using a "traffic light" system, either green, amber or red. Passengers must be tested on day 0, day 5 and day 10 from their arrival in Jersey. The self-isolation requirements are as follows.

Originally, the testing only took place on day 0 for Green and Red arrivals, and on day 0 and day 5 for Amber arrivals. Those arriving from Red countries were required to self-isolate for 14 days without exception, while those arriving from Green countries had no self-isolation requirement at all.

On 27 August, the categorisation of the UK, Ireland and France moved to a regional level, and the UK to a local authority level. From 13 October all arrivals to the Island are required to self-isolate until they receive their first negative test.

In mid November the testing and isolation regime was changed to its present form, with tests on arrival, day 5 and day 10, with isolation reduced to 10 days for red zone arrivals, first negative test for green zones and after day 5 negative result for amber areas.

On 22 December 2020, the Government placed all UK regions on the "red" list in response to the new UK variant at the time, including those transiting through the UK. On 15 January 2021, all regions and countries were classed as "red", with Guernsey being classed as "amber" due to a growing number of COVID-19 variants being discovered around the world.

As of 21 January 2021, the border testing programme has identified 339 cases of the 3,097 total confirmed cases. There have been 135,599 cases identified through the programme since 1 July.

On 26 April 2021, the island's travel restrictions returned to a traffic-light model as before for destinations in the British Islands. International travel will resume on 17 May. As of 18 March, despite all regions still being classed as red, 18% of regions in the British Isles (including Ireland) would be green, 50% would be amber and 32% would be red. A free travel 'air bridge' is being considered for travel between Jersey and Guernsey. The Safe Travel Guidelines Review Panel of the States have suggested that the criteria should be tightened before restrictions are lifted. This would see the criteria for a place to be categorised as green reduced to 25 from 50 cases per 100,000 people.

Senator Lyndon Farnham, the Economic Development Minister, has suggested that Covid-safety certificates could be introduced to ease travel restrictions, with those fully-vaccinated arriving from amber countries being classed as 'green'.

On 10 May, it was announced a new travel policy would be implemented from 28 May. The regions system in place for the UK was replaced by a system based on the nations of the UK, with each country having a single classification. These changes were applied retrospectively. The traffic light system restarted for all destinations, based on the UK traffic light system. The testing requirements changed as follows:

From 15 June, Amber classifications will no longer be used for the UK. Instead, 'green' and 'red' zones shall be used for UK nations, with 'Emergency Brakes' in place in hotspots suffering from the Delta variant. Initially, Scotland was classed as red and the rest of the UK classed as green, with hotspot areas classed as red. The isolation requirements will change as follows:

On 17 June 2021, it was announced that from 29 June, all of England would be classified as red due to a rise in cases in that country, caused by the Delta variant, with a number of emergency brakes from 22 June. However, restrictions were loosened for under-19s, who from 22 June will be treated as green regardless of travel history.

### Vaccinations

The first supply of around 1,000 doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine arrived on Island on 8 December, with the first vaccination given on 13 December to an 87 year old. The second batch of 1,950 doses arrived on 15 December. On 6 January 2021 the island received 900 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, which were rolled out starting from 18 January.

### Other reactions

On 19 March, the island's telecommunications operators announced a free increase in broadband speed to 1 Gbit/s for all subscribers.

In January 2021 during the second wave of the virus, the premises of the Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural Society in Trinity were turned into a temporary court.

### Criticism

In the early stages of the pandemic the Government of Jersey was criticised for inadequate communication and for initially not releasing certain statistics citing data protection reasons. Jersey's introduction of on-island testing was slower than neighbouring Guernsey. In common with most other jurisdictions Jersey suffered from shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE). The media also criticised the lack of a published plan for exiting lockdown.

The approach taken by Jersey has been markedly different to Guernsey. Jersey adopted a 'suppress, contain and shield' strategy, re-opening its borders in June with an extensive testing and contact tracing strategy, while Guernsey followed an elimination strategy, requiring most arrivals to self-isolate for seven or fourteen days. Jersey's approach was called into question during Jersey's second wave which saw 1,748 new cases in Jersey during December compared to nine in Guernsey.

Guernsey Deputy Peter Ferbrache called Jersey's government 'a bunch of bumbling idiots' and said that his island was a 'much, much, much better run bailiwick' and Jersey businesses might regret setting up the island. He was later in 2020 elected as Guernsey's Chief Minister.

On 20 January 2021, it was revealed that Ministers did not consult STAC before introducing the original plans to limit gatherings over Christmas or the ban on care home visits, despite Ministers claiming decisions were made on the advice of the cell.

On 21 January 2021, a "group of key players" in the event, entertainment and nightclub industry criticised the government's support packages, warning they were "on the brink of collapse". This could lead to delays and cancellations of future events, including Liberation Day. The group state that "this is not due to our businesses being unviable or any failings in the businesses, but solely due to the Government's restrictions that we have been suffering from for 10 months and which might go on for another six or eight months."

On 18 March, the Government was criticised by the Corporate Services Scrutiny panel for not being transparent enough in pandemic-based decision making.

## Impact

### Economic impact

As of December 2020, it is forecast the pandemic will cost £400 million, with a further £400 million tax revenue lost between 2020 and 2023.

#### Closures and shutdowns

On 17 March 2020, Cineworld announced the closure of the only cinema on the island, remaining closed until 26 August.

On 22 March 2020, ministers announced that pubs, bars and nightclubs should close.

On 23 March 2020, government announced that its sports centres would close, and Jersey Zoo announced that it would be closed from 24 March until further notice.

#### Consumer response

In late February, stocks of hand sanitiser were running low, and in early March, Jersey supermarkets reported unprecedented demand for certain items such as toilet roll. Some retailers introduced restrictions to prevent people from stockpiling.

#### Tourism benefits

In summer 2021, due to continued travel restrictions in place in the UK, Jersey may see economic benefits from domestic tourism. Being in the Common Travel Area, travel restrictions do not apply for journeys from the island to the UK. In June 2021, easyJet announced 12 further UK routes, and low-fare airline Wizz Air would start intra-Common Travel Area services from Jersey.

### Social impact

#### Education and childcare

On 18 March, it was announced that all schools and colleges would close for at least four weeks starting from 23 March. People deemed to work in essential roles could apply for their children to attend school or child care so that they could continue to perform their roles.

#### Event cancellations

In March the Lions Club announced that its Swimarathon, a charity fund raising swimming event due to have over 3,500 participants would not take place in 2020. Organisers of the 75th Liberation Day celebrations announced that they would be scaled back. The parish of Saint Helier later announced that they would be holding a series of online events on Liberation Day. The organisers of the Jersey Battle of Flowers announced that the event, which was next due to take place in August 2020, would be cancelled for the first time in 70 years. Organisers of the 2020 TMF Island Walk announced that the annual sponsored round-the-island walk due to take place on 20 June would be postponed until later in the summer or may not take place. The event usually attracts 1,500 walkers.

The 2020 edition of the Siam Cup — the annual rugby contest between Guernsey and Jersey and the second-oldest rugby trophy in existence — would be played in May 2021. The Muratti Vase, the inter-island football competition, was also postponed.

In August the organisers of the Weekender Festival, the largest music festival in the Channel Islands, announced that the event due to take place in September 2020 had been postponed until September 2021., Around 9,000 people were due to attend. In August 2021, it was again postponed until September 2022. Organisers said any changes to restrictions before September would be "too little, too late".

The Jersey International Air Display which was due to take place on 10 September was cancelled due to concerns over whether spectators would follow the social distancing rules. The Jersey round of the Super League Triathlon scheduled for 19–20 September was also cancelled as level one of the exit from lockdown restricts sporting events to 40 spectators.

### Travel

On 3 March, France and Germany were added to the list of countries from which travellers would need to self-isolate for 14 days.

#### Flights

On 5 March, the airline Flybe which had been founded in Jersey and serviced the most air routes from the island went into administration, citing Coronavirus as part of the reason for its collapse. On 11 March, Channel Islands airline Blue Islands announced that flights between Jersey and London City Airport would be cancelled temporarily.

On 20 March, Blue Islands announced that flights between Jersey and Guernsey would be suspended. On 28 March, Jersey Airport announced that British Airways flights between Gatwick and Jersey would be suspended from 31 March until the end of April. On 30 March, EasyJet announced that it was grounding its entire fleet until further notice. EasyJet operated several flights a day between Jersey and London Gatwick as well as to eight other regional airports such as Liverpool.

On 1 April, the Jersey government announced that it was in negotiation with Blue Islands for the airline to provide continuity of air travel to the UK for passengers whose travel was deemed essential. This was agreed, and from 20 April three regular flights would be flown to Southampton per week. On 20 April, it was announced that nobody would be allowed to board a Blue Islands aircraft without government approval for the journey. Everyone arriving in the Island was subject to 14 days self-isolation unless exempted, each application for exemption being treated on its merits.

From 26 May, Blue Islands would run a weekly flight to Gatwick. On 16 June, Jersey's Treasury Minister revealed in the States Assembly that Government was considering a £10m loan to Blue Islands to ensure the continuation of lifeline links to and from the island.

For a time in November 2020, British Airways suspended flights to the island leaving Blue Islands and EasyJet as the only airlines operating to Jersey. On Saturday 21 November there were no commercial flights in or out of the island, a very rare occurrence. Inter-island flights are seldom cancelled, even during the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption.

#### Ferries

On 13 March, Condor Ferries announced that the Commodore Clipper would not carry passengers for a month in order to ensure the continuity of its freight service using the ship. On 17 March, it announced that sailings to and from Saint-Malo would be suspended from 24 March to at least 2 April. The company subsequently announced that it would cancel all passenger sailings from 27 March until at least 30 April. This was later extended to 14 May and again until 12 June. Ferries to and from Saint-Malo resumed on 17 July.

Condor's schedule of sailings was reduced again during the second wave, with its fast ferries cancelled until April 2021. However, when three of its crew on its freight ship MV Commodore Goodwill were tested positive, Condor announced that the Commodore Clipper conventional ferry would only carry unaccompanied freight, with passengers being transferred to its fast ferries. Passengers must provide evidence of a negative result from a test taken in the 72 hours before departure.

#### Buses

The island's bus operator LibertyBus ran a reduced timetable from 28 March until 1 September. Face masks became compulsory on buses from 27 July, and in the bus terminal from 26 October.

## Statistics

### Data per day

#### 2020

The figures below count only confirmed cases from tests; the actual number of infections and cases are likely to be higher than reported.

Data sourced from the Government of Jersey website.

#### 2021

Data sourced from the Government of Jersey website.

### Graphs

Total cases 2021

Deaths in 2020 and 2021

Total cases 2020

New cases per week


Erdinç Aslan

# Erdinç Aslan

## Abstract

Erdinç Aslan (born 8 May 1968) is a Turkish weightlifter. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.


COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey


Clarence Town

# Clarence Town

## Abstract

Clarence Town is a town in The Bahamas. It is located on Long Island.Clarence Town is the capital of Long Island and has a population of 86 people as of 2010. It has a marina, two restaurants as well as the government dock where the mail boat docks on a weekly basis. It also has a small grocery store, gas station and a small pub as well as a police station, post office and community centre. There are two churches in Clarence Town, both designed by John Hawes, of similar appearance with their twin towers. One is Anglican/Episcopal, named St. Paul's Anglican Church. The other is Roman Catholic, named St. Peter and Paul.

## Transportation

The town and area are served by nearby Deadman's Cay Airport.


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.


IJsselmonde, Rotterdam

# IJsselmonde, Rotterdam

## Abstract

IJsselmonde (Dutch pronunciation:) is a borough in the southeastern corner of the city of Rotterdam, Netherlands. As of 2023 it has 61,920 inhabitants.

The name IJsselmonde is also used to denote the island in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta bordered by the Nieuwe Maas to the north, the Oude Maas to the south, and the Noord to the east. The borough is in the island. IJssel in the name IJsselmonde refers this island's location at the mouth of the Hollandse IJssel.

## Politics

IJsselmonde is a stronghold of Livable Rotterdam who wins every polling station.

## Notable people

Paul de Leeuw was born in IJsselmonde.

51°53′1″N 4°32′45.4″E / 51.88361°N 4.545944°E


1994 in Germany

# 1994 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 1994 in Germany.

## Incumbents

- President - Richard von Weizsäcker (until 30 June), Roman Herzog (starting 1 July)

- Chancellor – Helmut Kohl

## Events

- February 10–21 - 44th Berlin International Film Festival

- March 9: Euskirchen court shooting

- March 21 - Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994

- July 28: 3 paintings are stolen from the Kunsthalle Schirn, an event that is now known as Frankfurt art theft of 1994.

- November 15 - The Fifth Kohl cabinet led by Helmut Kohl was sworn in.

- Date unknown - German company Volkswagen Group acquired control of Czech company Škoda.

## Elections

- 1994 German federal election

- 1994 German presidential election

- European Parliament election

## Births

- January 19 – Matthias Ginter, German football player

- February 1 – Anna-Lena Friedsam, tennis player

- February 3 – Malaika Mihambo, German athlete

- March 13 – Yannick Gerhardt, German footballer

- May 14 – Fabian Heinle, German long jumper

- August 17 – Zyon Braun, German politician

- August 27 – Domenic Weinstein, German cyclist

- September 2 – Florian Vogel, German swimmer

- October 14 – Sönke Rothenberger, German equestrian

## Deaths

- January 9 - Joachim Werner, German archaeologist (born 1909)

- January 19 - Willi Geiger, German judge (born 1909)

- January 31 - Erwin Strittmatter, German writer (born 1912)

- February 5 - Hermann Josef Abs, German banker (born 1901)

- February 21 - Johannes Steinhoff, German Luftwaffe fighter ace (born 1913)

- March 18 - Günter Mittag, German politician (born 1926)

- March 18 - Peter Borgelt, German actor (born 1927)

- March 27 – Elisabeth Schmid, German archaeologist and osteologist (born 1912)

- April 7 - Golo Mann, German historian, essayist and writer (born 1909)

- April 24 - Margot Trooger, German actress (born 1923)

- July 23 - Klaus Hemmerle, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (born 1929)

- July 26 - Ernst Schröder, German actor (born 1915)

- August 13 - Manfred Wörner, German politician (born 1934)

- September 10 - Max Morlock, German footballer (born 1925)

- September 26 - Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, son of Kaiser Wilhelm II (born 1907)

- October 3 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (born 1902)

- October 16 – Kunigunde Bachl, German physician and politician (born 1919)

- December 9 - Heinz Graffunder, architect (born 1926)

- December 26 - Karl Schiller, German politician (born 1911)


1772

# 1772

## Abstract

1772 (MDCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1772nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 772nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 72nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1772, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

## Events

### January – March

- January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee.

- January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Caroline Matilda are arrested, leading to his execution and her banishment from Denmark.

- February 12 Breton -French explorer Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers the uninhabited Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean. The Virginia Assembly amends an act to describe the punishments for the practice of gouging.

- Breton -French explorer Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers the uninhabited Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean.

- The Virginia Assembly amends an act to describe the punishments for the practice of gouging.

- February 17 – The First Partition of Poland is agreed to by Russia and Prussia, later including Austria.

- February 22 – The Emirate of Diriyah is founded by Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin; he is considered the founder of the House of Saud.

- March 8 – Biela's Comet is first discovered by French astronomer Jacques Leibax Montaigne, but not proven to be a periodic comet until 1826, when Wilhelm von Biela correctly identifies its return.

- March 20 – Pedro Fages, the Spanish Governor of Alta California, and Juan Crespí, a Catholic priest, set off from the capital at Monterey with a party of 12 soldiers and begin the first European exploration of the lands around San Francisco Bay.

### April – June

- April 8 – Massachusetts legislator Samuel Adams persuades his colleagues to approve his plan for creating a Committee of Correspondence to begin a dialogue with the other American colonies concerning mutual problems with England.

- April 13 – Warren Hastings begins his service for the British East India Company as Governor of Bengal, arriving at the company's headquarters at Fort William, outside of Calcutta, and including what are now parts of northeast India and Bangladesh. Hastings serves for two years, then later becomes Governor-General of India.

- May 8 – The Watauga Association Compact is signed in what is now East Tennessee by a group of white settlers led by William Bean, creating the first non-colonial government body in British North America.

- June 9 – Gaspee Affair: In an act of defiance against the British Navigation Acts, American patriots, led by Abraham Whipple, attack and burn the British customs schooner HMS Gaspee off of Rhode Island.

- June 10 – The crisis of 1772 is triggered when, following the flight of their partner Alexander Fordyce to France, the London banking house of Neal, James, Fordyce and Down (which has been speculating in East India Company stock) suspends payment. The resultant panic causes other banks to fail, extends to Scotland, Amsterdam and the Thirteen Colonies and threatens the East India Company with bankruptcy.

- June 22 – Somersett's Case: Lord Mansfield, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, delivers the decision that leads to the end of slavery in England.

- June 23 – 28 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): First of two Russian occupations of Beirut, following a naval bombardment which began on June 18.

### July – September

- July 13 – The second voyage of James Cook departs from Plymouth on Captain Cook's new ship, HMS Resolution and the companion ship HMS Adventure in an attempt to prove the existence of an uncharted continent even further south than New Zealand.

- August 5 – The first Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth begins. The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria becomes part of the crown lands of the Habsburg monarchy.

- August 12 – The volcano Mount Papandayan in West Java erupts and partially collapses, the debris avalanche killing several thousand.

- August 21 – A coup d'état by King Gustav III is completed by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden, and making him an enlightened despot.

- September 1 – Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California.

### October – December

- October 28 – Basque -Spanish explorer Domingo de Bonechea, in the Aguila, sights Tauere atoll, which he names San Simon y Judas.

- November 2 – American Revolutionary War: Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren form the first Committee of Correspondence.

- December 14 Russian government offices reopen at Moscow and Saint Petersburg after being closed for 15 months because of an epidemic of bubonic plague. Second voyage of James Cook: The crew of HMS Resolution finds that the ice floes encountered on their journey south are a source of fresh water, a "discovery... of utmost importance to the success of the voyage."

- Russian government offices reopen at Moscow and Saint Petersburg after being closed for 15 months because of an epidemic of bubonic plague.

- Second voyage of James Cook: The crew of HMS Resolution finds that the ice floes encountered on their journey south are a source of fresh water, a "discovery... of utmost importance to the success of the voyage."

### Date unknown

- Scottish scientist Daniel Rutherford discovers nitrogen gas, isolating it from air.

- Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, demands that all bodies remain unburied for three days to ensure that death has actually taken place.

## Births

- January 20 – Angélique Brûlon, French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (d. 1859)

- January 30 – Godfrey Higgins, British archaeologist (d. 1833)

- February 24 – William H. Crawford, American politician, judge (d. 1834)

- March 10 – Friedrich von Schlegel, German poet (d. 1829)

- March 15 – József Ficzkó, Burgenland Croatian writer (d. 1843)

- April 4 – Nachman of Breslov, Hasidic rabbi and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d. 1810)

- April 5 – Domenico Puccini, Italian composer (d. 1815)

- April 7 – Charles Fourier, French philosopher (d. 1837)

- April 18 – David Ricardo, British economist (d. 1823)

- April 30 – Karl Gustav Himly, German surgeon, ophthalmologist (d. 1837)

- May 2 – Novalis, German poet (d. 1801)

- May 20 – William Congreve, British rocket pioneer (d. 1828)

- May 22 – Ram Mohan Roy, Hindu religious and social reformer (d. 1833)

- June 7 – Aurora Liljenroth, Swedish scholar (d. 1836)

- July 11 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (d. 1838)

- August 2 – Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (d. 1804)

- August 15 – Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, German inventor (d. 1838)

- August 24 – King William I of the Netherlands (d. 1843)

- September 27 – Martha Jefferson Randolph, Acting First Lady of the United States (1801-1809) (d. 1836)

- October 6 – Anna Maria Rüttimann-Meyer von Schauensee, politically active Swiss salonist (d. 1856)

- October 21 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet and philosopher (d. 1834)

- October 25 – Géraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)

- November 5 – Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière, French admiral (d. 1849)

- November 8 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834)

- November 18 – Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (d. 1806)

- date unknown Thomas Noble, English poet and translator (d. 1837) Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Indonesian religious and military leader (d. 1864)

- Thomas Noble, English poet and translator (d. 1837)

- Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Indonesian religious and military leader (d. 1864)

- approximate date Charlotte Dacre, English Gothic novelist (d. 1825) Lalon, Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d. 1890)

- Charlotte Dacre, English Gothic novelist (d. 1825)

- Lalon, Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d. 1890)

## Deaths

- February 4 – Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (b. 1715)

- February 8 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (b. 1719)

- February 11 – Caterina Sagredo Barbarigo, Venetian aristocrat and salon holder (b. 1715)

- February 15 – Mitromaras, Greek rebel and pirate

- February 18 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, Danish statesman (b. 1712)

- February 20 – Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (b. 1694)

- March 21 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)

- March 22 – John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718)

- March 26 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (b. 1704)

- March 27 – Taylor White, British judge (b. 1701)

- March 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher and mathematician (b. 1688)

- April 28 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician and de facto regent, executed (b. 1737)

- May 1 – Gottfried Achenwall, German statistician (b. 1719)

- May 22 – Durastante Natalucci, Italian historian (b. 1687)

- June 15 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (b. 1694)

- June 18 Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born Austrian physician (b. 1700) Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge, philosopher (b. 1706)

- Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born Austrian physician (b. 1700)

- Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge, philosopher (b. 1706)

- June 22 – François-Vincent Toussaint, French writer most famous for Les Mœurs (The Manners) (b. 1715)

- August 31 – William Borlase, English naturalist (b. 1695)

- September 30 – James Brindley, English canal builder (b. 1716)

- October 7 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher, abolitionist (b. 1720)

- October 8 – Jean-Joseph de Mondonville, French violinist, composer (b. 1711)

- October 14 – Benjamin Green, Canadian merchant and judge (b. 1713)

- October 16 – Ahmad Shah Durrani, Afghan founder of the Durrani Empire (cancer) (b. 1724)

- October 19 – Andrea Belli, Maltese architect, businessman (b. 1703)

- November 10 – Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção, Portuguese poet (b. 1724)

- November 18 – Madhavrao I, ruler of India (b. 1745)

- November 19 – William Nelson, American colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1711)

- December 4 – Dov Ber of Mezeritch, the Great Maggid, a preacher and founder of Hasidism.

- December 7 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish writer, scholar (b. 1695)

- date unknown – Panna Cinka, Hungarian violinist (b. 1711)


Landers Nolley II

# Landers Nolley II

## Abstract

Landers Nolley II (born March 5, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for Aris of the Greek Basket League and the EuroCup. He played college basketball for the Virginia Tech Hokies, the Memphis Tigers and the Cincinnati Bearcats.

## Early life and high school career

Nolley learned to play basketball from his father, also named Landers Nolley, who played college basketball for LSU. He trained with his father every day. In his sophomore season, Nolley averaged 17 points per game for Curie Metropolitan High School in Chicago and helped his team win a Class 4A state championship. As a junior, he transferred to Langston Hughes High School in Fairburn, Georgia. Nolley averaged 25 points and seven rebounds per game in his first year with his team. He scored 26 points to lead Langston Hughes to its first Georgia 6A state title.

In his senior season, Nolley averaged 31 points, eight rebounds, and three assists per game, helping his team defend the Georgia 6A championship. He posted 34 points, 10 rebounds, and six assists in the finals. Nolley was named Atlanta Journal-Constitution Player of the Year and USA Today Georgia Player of the Year. He also earned All-State honors and left as his school's all-time leading scorer. Nolley was a consensus four-star recruit and top-100 prospect in the 2018 class. On October 15, 2017, one week after committing to play college basketball for Georgia, he switched his commitment to Virginia Tech.

## College career

### Virginia Tech

Nolley was forced to sit out his freshman season due to the NCAA reviewing his academic eligibility. While he sat on the bench, Virginia Tech finished 26–9 and reached the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament. After the season, the Hokies' top five scorers and coach Buzz Williams departed, but Nolley announced he was staying at Virginia Tech and had no intention of transferring. Nolley scored 30 points including four three-pointers in his debut for the Hokies, a 67–60 win over Clemson. After scoring 27 points against Lehigh and 23 points against USC Upstate, Nolley was named Atlantic Coast Conference freshman of the week on November 18, 2019. He had 22 points in a 71–66 upset of number 3-ranked Michigan State on November 25, hitting a crucial three-pointer with under a minute to go. At the conclusion of the regular season, Nolley was selected to the ACC All-Freshman Team and was Honorable Mention All-Conference. He averaged 15.5 points and 5.8 rebounds per game. After the season, he announced he was transferring from Virginia Tech.

### Memphis

On April 20, 2020, Nolley announced on Twitter that he would continue his career at Memphis, choosing the Tigers over Georgia and Ole Miss. Nolley was granted a waiver for immediate eligibility on August 27, 2020. He averaged 13.1 points, 4.1 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game as a redshirt sophomore. Nolley was named MVP of the NIT, helping the Tigers win the championship.

The following year, Nolley was fourth for the Tigers in scoring, averaging 9.8 PPG, and helped lead the team to their first NCAA appearance since 2014. After the season, Nolley entered the transfer portal.

### Cincinnati

After having visits to NC State and Texas A&M, Nolley committed to Cincinnati on April 27, 2022. Nolley lead the Bearcats in scoring during the 2022-23 season, averaging 16.8 PPG and 5.8 RPG. Nolley was a key contributor to the Bearcats season, earning First-Team All- AAC honors, and would help lead the Bearcats to the Quarterfinals of the 2023 National Invitation Tournament.

## Professional career

### Birmingham Squadron (2023–2024)

After going undrafted in the 2023 NBA draft, Nolley signed with the New Orleans Pelicans on September 30, 2023, but was waived on October 16. On October 29, he signed with the Birmingham Squadron.

### Marinos de Oriente (2024)

On March 7, 2024, Nolley signed with the Marinos de Oriente of the Superliga Profesional de Baloncesto.

### Aris (2024–present)

On July 9, 2024, Nolley signed with Aris of the Greek Basket League.

## Career statistics