Robert Atherton (civil servant)

# Robert Atherton (civil servant)

## Abstract

Robert Atherton CCS, JP (1801 – 1855) was a 19th-century British colonial official in British Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka) for more than 25 years. After a distinguished career in the Royal Navy, and recipient of the Burma Medal, he held various administrative and judicial roles in the Northern Province of Ceylon from 1825 until 1835. He was appointed as Assistant Government Agent (A.G.A), Eastern Province of Ceylon, in 1835, 1839, and 1845; A.G.A Northern Province, in 1836, and acted as District Judge, Batticaloa in 1841, and Justice of the Peace (JP), Eastern Province (1848–1855).

## Early life

Robert Atherton was born in Walton on the Hill, Liverpool on 8 December 1801, the fourth son of Colonel John Joseph Atherton (1761–1809), Second Lancashire Regiment of Fencible Light Dragoons, of Walton Hall, Liverpool and of Street Court, Kingsland, Herefordshire.

His mother was Marianne Mitford (1777-1856), the eldest daughter of Bertram Mitford (1748-1800) of Mitford Old Manor House.

Atherton was christened in Walton on the Hill, Liverpool a year after his birth on 17 December 1802. His ancient paternal family home, Walton Hall, Liverpool was sold two years later after multiple generations of occupancy. Street Court, a manor in Kingsland, Herefordshire became his new home in a rural setting. Shortly before his eighth birthday, his military father died.

When coming of age, Atherton did not purchase his commission as an officer in his father's regiment, instead he joined the Royal Navy, in the footsteps of his elder brother, Bertram Mitford Atherton (1800-1858).

## Royal Navy Career

Atherton served for two years under Captain Frederick Marryat on board the HMS Larne (1814), a 20-gun sixth rate small warship in the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1825). As the acting purser onboard, he was the officer responsible for all administrative duties, including ship’s supplies, such as food and drink, clothing, bedding and candles. Pursers at the time received no payout but were entitled to profits made through their business activities.

### March to December 1824

During March, Governor-General Amherst had declared war on Burma. The Royal Navy captured Rangoon (present day Yangon) and with 4,000 men defended it against General Maha Bandula ’s army of 60,000. A recipient of the Burma Medal, Atherton was honourably mentioned for bravery in Captain Frederick Marryat's despatches at the time.

On the 2 April 1824, the British expedition under the command of Sir Archibald Campbell, proceeded against Rangoon, home of the Konbaung dynasty, with HMS Larne, the fleet of transports (for land forces), and East India Company cruisers assembling at Port Cornwallis, in the Andaman Islands.

On 11 May 1824, HMS Larne proceeded up the Irrawaddy River and having silenced an artillery battery, landed the troops who occupied Rangoon before proceeding further up river, with many of the crew falling ill with cholera and other diseases.

On the 11 July 1824, Captain Frederick Marryat reported to Commodore Charles Grant as follows:

"I must now call your attention to the condition of HMS Larne, whose crew I am sorry to say have been rendered quite inefficient by disease. Since we have been on this expedition, we have had 170 cases of cholera and dysentery. We have had thirteen deaths – we have now thirty patients at the hospital on shore, and twenty in the sick list on board; our convalescents are as ineffective as if they were in their hammocks; they relapse daily, and the surgeon reports, that, unless the vessel can be sent to cruise for a month, there is little chance of their ultimate recovery. When I sent away the expedition, under Lieutenants Thomas Fraser, on the 7th instant, I could only muster three officers and twelve men fit for duty.The conduct of Lieutenant Fraser, on the several expeditions which he has commanded, has been that of a gallant and steady officer; and I am under the greatest obligations to Mr. Atherton, not only for his active services in the boats, but for carrying on the whole duty of the ship, during the absence and sickness of the other officers. The behaviour of Mr. John Duffill, master’s-mate of this ship, and of Messrs. Winsor and Maw, midshipmen, lent from the Sophie and Liffey, has been very satisfactory, and I trust, that when future opportunities may occur, they will so distinguish themselves as to have a fair claim for promotion."

Commodore Charles Grant fell mortally ill and departed for the Straits Settlements (then controlled by the East India Company), and died on 25 July 1824. In an official letter, addressed to Commodore Grant, of whose death he was then uninformed, Captain Frederick Marryat says:

"The gallantry of the officers employed in this expedition, viz. Lieutenant Fraser, Mr. Atherton, and Messrs. Duffill, Winsor, and Norcock, deserves the highest encomiums. I am sorry that our list of killed and wounded is so heavy."

### January to December 1825

At the beginning of January, under the command of Sir Archibald Campbell, and Captain Henry Ducie Chads, Atherton was involved with the preparations for the advance on Ava (present day Inwa), located in Mandalay Region, Burma, involving the joint crews of the HMS Arachne, HMS Larne, and HMS Sophie, which included a detachment of 237 men. On 11 January 1825, the troops, under Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Goodall Elrington (1776—1845), of the 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot, embarked on board two divisions of gunboats, commanded by Captain G. T. Finnucane, of the 14th regiment, and Lieutenant Joseph H. Rouband, of the Bombay Marine, with the objective of driving the enemy from the old Portuguese fort and the pagoda of Syriam (present day Thanlyin).

The detachment including Atherton landed under the fort of Syriam, and found the bridge across the nullah removed: to make another, with planks sent for the occasion, provided the Royal Navy an opportunity of displaying their usual activity, skill, and steady courage. On this point the enemy kept up a heavy and well-directed fire, by which nearly 30 men were killed and wounded, including among the latter Atherton, and five sailors. In a few minutes, however, the bridge was laid, by the blue jackets swimming across with the planks; two of the gun-boats were also brought up the creek. On the soldiers gaining the opposite bank, and rushing upon the works, the enemy instantly fled, although the place was as strong as considerable art and indefatigable labour could render it, and was capable of making a most formidable resistance.

During the attack of the Syriam pagoda the next morning, “the sailors assisted in manning the scaling ladders, and Lieutenant Keele was the first person over” the stockade at the foot of the edifice: here ended the military operations, for the enemy made no further resistance, and parties were immediately formed to bum and destroy the works. Lieutenant Keele reported in the highest terms the steady bravery and good conduct of Lieutenants Thomas Fraser and Bazely; Messrs. Lett, Coyde, Michell, Cranley, and Scott, midshipmen; Atherton, and of every man attached to the flotilla. One occurrence we feel it but justice to name, as shewing a truly British spirit. A soldier, in crossing the bridge, fell overboard and would have been drowned, but for the gallantry and humanity of Mr. Scott, who instantly jumped after him, under the enemy’s heavy fire, and was himself exhausted when brought on shore.

On the 26 March, Atherton’s ship, HMS Larne weighed and dropped down to Naputtah, which had accepted British protection. On the 27 March, Captain Frederick Marryat received information, that the guns belonging to the deserted stockades were at the town of Thingang, situated up a branch of the river leading to Rangoon; that 150 Naputtah men were detained there, to be forwarded to Danubyu; and that the enemy’s force consisted of 800 men.

On the morning of the 28 March, Captain Frederick Marryat proceeded against Thingang, at the head of fifty seamen and marines, twelve sepoys, and fifty villagers whom he had prevailed upon to fight against the Burmese, and armed with swords and spears. At 3 p.m., while forming for the attack, a canoe came off, with intelligence that the enemy did not wish to fight, and would submit to his terms: these were, that all arms should be surrendered, the Naputtah men to be provided with canoes to return to their homes, and the Wongee of the town placed at his disposal. This personage being one of General Maha Bandula ’s principal chiefs, who had commanded 1,000 men at the attack of Rangoon, and been invested with the gold chattah chief was brought away as a prisoner.On the night of the 30 March, the same force was sent, under Lieutenant Fraser, to surprise the village of Pumkayi, where the enemy were stated to be 300 strong, and commanded by another gold chattah chief. The attack was successful; the Burmese submitted to the same terms as at Thingang; and the Wongee, who had fled into the jungle, was followed and taken by the Naputtah men, who, in consequence of their former good conduct, were now entrusted with muskets. A party of 100 men, the only force that remained between Cape Negrais and Bassein, subsequently sent in their submission. Previous to their separation, Captain Frederick Marryat received Major Robert Sale ’s “sincere thanks for his valuable and cordial cooperation.” The conduct of Lieutenant Fraser, Mr. Atherton, and Messrs. Dewes and Norcock, midshipmen, was reported to Captain Thomas Alexander in terms of high commendation.

On 3 June 1825, Atherton was slightly wounded during a successful attack on the stockades near the village of Kemmindine. This expedition resulted in the loss of the quartermaster, Peter Knox. Atherton is mentioned the despatches of Captain Coe, who transmitted a report of the attack from the recently promoted Captain George Frederick Ryves of HMS Sophie.

During December 1825, Atherton was honourably mentioned in both the despatches of Captain Thomas Alexander and Captain Henry Ducie Chads, who both served as commanders of HMS Alligator. Atherton was recognised for his valiant efforts in the 11-12 January naval expedition in cooperation with land forces under the command of Sir Archibald Campbell. Having been wounded twice during the 2 year campaign, and often sick, Atherton was discharged from further service, joining the Ceylon Civil Service.

## Civil appointments

### 1825-1835

During these early years on the island Atherton served in the Ceylon Rifles. As a commissioned officer in the Ceylon Civil Service (C.C.S), he initially performed the duties of District officer. He is recorded to have held the appointment of Superintendent of Stud, Sitting Magistrate, and Fiscal of Delft from 5 December 1825. While holding the appointment of Superintendent of Delft Island, he married at Kayts, on 24 April 1826. During 1828 he was commissioner of Jaffnapatam. Atherton went on to serve as the Assistant Collector of Customs, Jaffna from 1 January 1831. These roles ceased in 1833.

In 1833 the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission created the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first step towards a representative government on the island. Initially it consisted of 16 members: the British Governor, the five appointed members of the Executive Council of Ceylon (the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General, the Auditor-General, the Treasurer and the General Officer Commanding), four other government officials (including the Government Agents of the Western and Central provinces) and six appointed unofficial members (three Europeans, one Sinhalese, one Tamil and one Burgher). Atherton was one of the first Acting Government Agents (A.G.A.) to be appointed by the Governor.

### 1835-1845

Although Atherton was initially based in the Northern Province, from 1835 he performed the role of A.G.A. in the Eastern Province, relocating with his family to Batticaloa.

Atherton returned to the Northern Province the following year, before making Batticaloa his primary residence. He became the A.G.A Eastern Province from 1 November 1835, and the A.G.A for the Northern Province from 1 March 1836.

In February 1839, Atherton was appointed once again as the A.G.A Eastern Province.

On 12 March 1839, the Wesleyan missionary and educator, Peter Percival gave positive account of various speeches at the Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon in Jaffna, including one delivered by Atherton, following the successful visit of James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie, the seventh Governor of Ceylon to Jaffna, which included a tour of the Wesleyan school on 4 March 1839.

He was appointed as Acting District Judge, Batticaloa in November 1839 and again in 1841, and becoming A.G.A at Batticaloa from 16 September 1845.

During 1841, the Colombo Observer published a letter to the editor where an unnamed individual vented their frustration towards the Mackenzie administration, criticising Atherton's legal credentials, by stating:

"We are credibly informed that a gentleman was raised to Judgeship of the District Court of Ceylon with a salary of £1,000 per annum, who was brought up to the profession of a seaman, and who was destitute of the commonest requisites for his legal office".

Nevertheless, for 29 years, he dutifully served in the British Colonial administration on the island in a variety of roles. Atherton has been attributed by his contemporaries for his efforts, with great goodwill, for distributing funding from the colonial treasury over numerous years to assist the Vedda with a means of cultivating the soil. He worked closely with Reverend Ralph Stott of the Wesleyan Mission of Batticaloa to direct the good work towards the Vedda Mission. Stott was fluent in Tamil and the son of Ralph Stott (1839-1877), the inventor. Atherton was of the belief that Christianity would serve as a means of civilisation, so he took missionaries with him into the jungle, where many of the Vedda lived in poor conditions. For Atherton and his wife, Eleanor, Reverend Ralph Stott had nothing but the highest praise.

Atherton was a religious man. He and his wife joined the Wesleyan Congregation in Batticaloa during 1841. This coincided with the erection of the first monument to commemorate the landing of the first Methodist missionary, Reverend William Ault in 1814. Contemporarily known as Batticaloa Gate, the design has a distinct resemblance to the Gateway of India in Mumbai.

Atherton’s position at the head of local government was advantageous to the Wesleyan’s. He became a very enthusiastic lay worker and was described as having active zeal and enthusiastic in this role. His faith became intertwined with his role as the leading colonial government official in the region where he promoted social advancement of the Coast Veddas and an isolated group known as the Bintenne Veddas who had been marginalised by other ethnic groups. Atherton introduced both groups to new farming methods, in tandem with his missionary work.

In November 1842, Atherton wrote to the English Wesleyan Mission informing them that the Vedda mission had made substantial progress:

"Everything is going on there quietly — they are busy cultivating grains, and I have sent them a good supply of coconut palms."

At the time of writing this letter, Atherton was making preparations to establish a third Vedda village with its own school, and to settle another 40 to 60 families over the course of 1843.

Atherton’s presence in the District of Batticaloa, earned him considerable respect. Vol XXIII of the Journal of the Dutch Burgher Union of Ceylon (July 1933) describes Batticaloa during the early years of the British administration (pages 15–17):

"We have now arrived at that stage in the early history of Batticalloa which is marked by the arrival of the Atherton's, who were destined to play an important part of the social and official life of the district"

During 1844, the Morning Star or “Uthayatharakai”, the first Tamil newspaper on the island and second Tamil newspaper in the world, published a letter to the editor from Aliquis on the state of Christianity in Batticaloa and the progress made by the church, with Robert Atherton Esq. of the Ceylon Civil Service occupying the chair, and addressing the numerous auditory convened.

### 1845-1855

Atherton was the first to recognise that the abolishment of the practice of Rājākariya by the British administration had an adverse effect on paddy fields. Although the colonial government had good intentions, cultivation and production dramatically decreased due to improper maintenance of the ancient irrigation system. It would take until the 1860s (a few years after Atherton's untimely death) to rectify and restore the region to its previous position as "granary of the east".

Atherton was A.G.A. for the Eastern Province during the cyclone of 1845, which hit Batticaloa and its environs. Coconut plantations and many acres were destroyed, however his home "Burleigh House" would survive for another 120 years, until it was severely damaged a century later by the cyclone of 1978.

Atherton (as A.G.A.), had ultimate control and oversight of regional infrastructure works. An example being the provision of fresh water supply, and the ability to replenish the river supply during seasons of drought by closing the mouth of the Veeready Aar, so it flooded the land of Ackerepattu and numerous fields along the Sangapadda Aar, to raise the munmarie field crops. Inspection of the cutcherry records (the local court of justice public offices), supplemented by sight of Atherton’s diary by H.G. Ward in 1857, revealed that in 1849 the repair required a total of 200 men for 2 weeks to restore functionality of the dam upstream from Batticaloa.

Atherton was widely respected in his work for the colonial administration. The 5th Colonial Secretary, Sir James Emerson Tennent stated in his work published in 1859 that Atherton, as the A.G.A., in conjunction with Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries, had attempted to enhance the living conditions of the Veddas. During 1838 "cottages were built for them in their own district, rice land assigned to them, wells dug, coconuts planted, two communities were speedily settled in Vippam-madoo." A school was founded and two other settlements formed in Oomany and Villengelavelly. However the enterprise was soon abandoned owing to the misconduct of some of the teachers. “But” continues Tennent, "the good effects of even this temporary experiment were apparent; not one of the Veddas returned to his cave and savage habits".

When he visited Atherton in Batticaloa during 1848, Tennent saw on the esplanade, in front of Government House, the remains of what had formerly been a Dutch garden, with a reservoir in the centre, abounding with tortoises.

Atherton is also mentioned in the Memorials of James Chapman, the first bishop of Colombo.

For a number of decades the Eastern Province of Ceylon was considered far too remote, with limited access and communication. However, Reverend Chapman travelled from the capital; Colombo to Batticaloa, via Badulla on horseback in February 1850. Upon arriving on the outskirts of Batticaloa, Atherton as the A.G.A. hosting his visit, rowed Chapman, and his party of two catechists along the lagoon in his canoe the last three miles to his A.G.A‘s residence.

By 1850, the Wesleyan community of Batticaloa became hugely, resulting in the loss of Atherton to the Anglican Communion. This was a particularly grievous blow to the Wesleyans, for much of their success in the Eastern Province was due to Atherton’s exertions on their behalf. With all the fervour of the recently converted, Atherton now worked for the Anglicans, and against the Wesleyans. The loss of Atherton was a big impact to the Wesleyan community in Batticaloa. A initial reduction in grants brought them under a huge financial strain, followed by the loss of government patronage.

The Ceylon Almanac of 1851 records Atherton as the A.G.A. of the Eastern Province based in Batticaloa, whilst the Ceylon Almanac of 1855 records Atherton under the Customs Department as acting collector of the Eastern Province based in Trincomalee. The Ceylon Savings Bank records him on page 136 as a member of this institutions branch committee, along with the capacity to receive and remit deposits.

Both his sons, Robert and Edward followed him into the Ceylon Civil Service. His daughter, Marianne also married a civil servant. The Colonial Administration’s appointment of his 19 year old son as a judge in 1852 was controversial, and widely reported in the press, describing Atherton’s son as a "boy judge".

Atherton died at the age of 54 in Trincomalee in 1855, while in service, as acting G.A. of the Eastern Province. His annual salary at the time of his death was £950 (worth £128,217.09 as of September 2024).

In 1857, a couple years after his passing, a colonial inspector by the name of H.G. Ward reported to Henry Labouchère, then a Diplomatic Official, that Atherton’s successor, J. Morphew had provided quantifiable evidence that the interests of the Crown had been frittered away by Atherton over a period of time.

## Legal publications

Atherton is notable, in a historical setting, for outlining elements of the legal system of British Ceylon. His legal publication of 1835 was titled “Thasawalamy”, which acknowledged the laws and customs of the Malabars of Jaffna.

Further research in the 1890’s stated that these ancient laws outlined by Atherton in the 1830’s were previously promulgated by the Dutch Colonial government of Ceylon and referred to as Tésawalamai.

## Contribution to Batticaloa

As A.G.A, Atherton made several contributions to the Eastern Province initiating a number of reforms. He encouraged improvements to agriculture, opened up job opportunities, funded schools, and improved infrastructure.

Outside of his official capacity, Atherton also undertook private enterprise, and established himself as a pioneer planter, and was the proprietor of several estates in Ceylon. The first Atherton owned systematic cultivation of coconuts took place opposite the Batticaloa obelisk around 1846 at the Kalmunai Estate. This was the second plantation in the area, and was subsequently sold to his cousin, Philip Meadows Taylor, the novelist. Another of Atherton plantation’s was called Mylemphaville, a 400 acres (160 ha) estate.

His son in law, Dr James Cornish Sortain M.D. was a well known planter, medical physician and philanthropist, and was much respected by the people of Batticaloa, since he was intimately connected with the first systematic cultivation of the coconuts in the early 1840s.This took place 5 miles from the town of Batticaloa, beside the lake. The 640 acres (260 ha) estate was known as Tannamunai. After Sortain’s death, ownership passed to Atherton’s daughter, Sortain’s widow.

His son, Edward took over the Mayfield estate, which remained in family hands until it was sold in 1907.

## Family

Atherton was born into an influential Lancashire family, associated with both the Atlantic slave trade and the triangular trade. His grandfather John Atherton had served as the High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1780. His early years were spent at Walton Hall, Liverpool, followed by Street Court, Herefordshire.

His Cambridge educated father was a serving officer in the court of King George III, and for many years was the Personal aide-de-camp (A.D.C) to the monarch. His father had a distinguished military career and had been taken as a prisoner of war during the French Directory, and subsequently released on parole in Valenciennes during 1796. His father had elevated his own social standing, by marrying into the Mitford family, who were of ancient noble ancestry. His parents married in St John the Baptist Church, Newcastle upon Tyne in 1796, although some sources suggest they took their nuptials in France.

His maternal aunt, Lewis Tabitha Mitford (1782–1859), was married to Prideaux John Selby, an ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. His maternal uncle was Rear Admiral Robert Mitford (1781-1870), an ornithological engraver. His cousin was Robert Mitford (1782-1836), a colonial official in Bengal for the East India Company from 1816 to 1828.

Aspects of Atherton’s schooling are unknown, or his life in England, prior to serving onboard HMS Larne from 1824 to 1825. His youngest brother George Nugent Atherton died in an ice skating accident in Kensington Gardens, London on 15 February 1827.

During 1828, his brother Lt Bertram Mitford Atherton toured Southern France with Commander Edwin Felix RN. Six years later, his sister, Marianne went on to marry a family friend, Commander Edwin Felix. Her son, Robert Atherton Edwin became a renowned meteorologist and weather forecaster in New Zealand.

Whereas Atherton followed his elder brother Lt Bertram Mitford Atherton into the Navy, his two other brothers joined the Army. His eldest brother Lt John Atherton of the 13th Light Dragoons died on passage from Madras to England onboard the Rockingham in July 1827. His younger brother Captain Edward Atherton of the 22nd Regiment of Foot died in India and was buried in St. Mary's Church, Chennai on 1 August 1837. Three years prior his brother Edward’s wife died at sea onboard the Elora sailing out from Bombay.

By this time, Atherton was firmly established within Ceylonese society living in Batticaloa. His wife, Eleanor Toler Burleigh (1810–1893), was the fourth daughter of the late Dr. George Burleigh M.D. and at the time was fifteen years old. George Burleigh, a former surgeon of the 2nd Ceylon Regiment, who had previously served under Lord Howe. His brides’ late father was a Methodist minister who had died in Jaffna, 16 days prior to their wedding day. The wedding ceremony took place in Kayts on 24 April 1826 in the presence his new mother in law, Rebecca Burleigh of Jaffna and Eleanor's siblings.

John, his first son, died three days in after his birth during 1828 and was buried in the compound of the Kayts Resthouse, where a monument still stands in his memory. Kayts is a village on Velanai Island, off the coast of the Jaffna Peninsula in northern Ceylon. Four healthy children followed.

His second son, Robert (1829–1894) was at one time a Second Lieutenant in the Ceylon Rifles Regiment. He joined the C.C.S and for a time worked for the Forestry Department in Chilaw. By 1889 he was a full time planter in Batticaloa, and his younger brother, a surveyor. In his later days, Robert was the Batticaloa correspondent of the Ceylon Examiner and contributed exhaustively to that paper, not only prose articles, but also topical verses, as well as exhaustive descriptions of the habits and use of vegetables within regional cuisine. He established the Atherton tea plantation in Ambagamuwa, Central Province.

His third son, Edward Newnham (1831–1907), began his career in the C.C.S in 1851, obtaining a Writership in 1853, and retired in 1883 after 32 years’ residence without a break on the island. He spoke Tamil and Sinhala fluently. In 1869, in what became known as the "Mannar fracas", Edward was found guilty for illegally interfering with a case and of insubordinate conduct. He was demoted, and sent to Colombo to perform the role of landing surveyor. Edward relocated to England and died in Weymouth in 1907. At the time of his father's death he was a writer to the Government Agent (G.A) in Jaffna.

His two sons, Robert and Edward were widely respected by the people of Batticaloa that they were spoken of generally by the local community as "Bob Pillai" and "Ned Pillai". Pillai meaning "Child of King" (Prince) in Tamil.

His eldest daughter was Eleanor Burleigh Atherton (1833–1893), who married Dr James Cornish Sortain M.D. on 24 July 1854 in Batticaloa. Sortain was a well known planter, medical physician and philanthropist, and the first to cultivate coconuts in the early 1840s. As Mrs Sortain, she took over the Tannamunai estate. Eleanor gave birth to 2 sons after her fathers death.

His youngest daughter, Marianne Mitford Atherton Massie (1836-1879) married Robert Massie C.C.S. Marianne died at the age of 43 in 1879, and was placed to rest alongside him.

The Ceylon Almanac of 1855 records Atherton and his son Robert within the list of European residents of Trincomalee.

Atherton died on 23 June 1855 and was put to rest in the burial ground on the Esplanade in Trincomalee, now referred to as St. Stephen's Church Cemetery. His marble headstone has been restored and is in close proximity to that of Rear Admiral Charles John Austen (1779–1852), the brother of the novelist Jane Austen; Charles died at sea of cholera prior to Atherton. The circumstances of Atherton’s death in service of the crown are unknown. His tombstone reads:

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Atherton Esq. Acting Government Agent of the Eastern Province, and late of Her Majesty’s Royal Navy". Along with his age and date of death it states "The memory of the just is blessed"

His widow, Eleanor, accidentally on died 24 July 1893, in a carriage accident and was buried in the old cemetery, Batticaloa.Eleanor was 83 at the time of her death having been a continuous resident of Batticaloa for 52 years. Eleanor was referred to as the widow of Rodney Atherton, Ceylon Civil Service. Several other historical documents have erroneously referred to him as Rodney, instead of Robert.

## Tributes

On the 27 June 1855, the Sunday Examiner of Ceylon reported:

"We much regret to announce the death of Robert Atherton, Esq., Government Agent in Trincomalee, which event occurred on the 23rd instant. This gentleman was in early life in the Royal Navy, and his bravery and distinguished service were rewarded with a medal and the mention of his name on several occasions in the Admiral’s despatches. As a civil servant of this colony his duties have been confined him to the Northern and Eastern Provinces. In both he was remarkable for the singular confidence reposed by him by the native inhabitants a trust which he returned in the Batticaloa by effecting the most marked improvements the manners and morals of the inhabitants. A good man has gone to his rest. Requiescant in pace - Examiner, June 27"


Oksana Boturchuk

# Oksana Boturchuk

## Abstract

Oksana Boturchuk (Ukrainian: Оксана Ботурчук) (born 12 September 1984) is a Paralympic athlete from Ukraine competing mainly in category T12 sprint events.

## Career

She competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There she won a gold medal in the women's 100 metres - T12 event, a silver medal in the women's 200 metres - T12 event, a silver medal in the women's 400 metres - T12 event and finished eighth in the women's Long jump - F12 event.

At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, she won three silver medals.

In August 2021, a movie about her life titled Pulse was released.

She experienced vision loss after an auto accident.


Albert M. Craig

# Albert M. Craig

## Abstract

Albert Morton Craig (December 9, 1927 – December 1, 2021) was an American academic, historian, author and professor emeritus in the Department of History at Harvard University.

## Early life

As a youth in Chicago, Craig was an Eagle Scout, and also participated in both competitive swimming and judo. A more scholarly interest in Japan was piqued after the Second World War. While doing counterintelligence work for the United States Army in 1946 and 1947, he was stationed in Miyazaki and in Kyoto. While in Kyoto, he earned a third degree black belt in judo.

Craig earned an undergraduate degree in philosophy in 1949 at Northwestern University, where he was member of Phi Beta Kappa. While there, he set an NCAA freshman record in the 200 yard breaststroke. After college, the Fulbright Program made it possible for him to study economic history at the University of Strasbourg in Strasbourg, France. This was followed by two years (1951–53) as a graduate student at Kyoto University from 1951 through 1953.

He did his doctoral dissertation at Harvard University under the supervision of Edwin O. Reischauer and also worked with John K. Fairbank. Harvard awarded Craig his Ph.D. in history in 1959.

## Career

Professor Craig became a member of Harvard's faculty in 1959 and then taught there for forty years, during which he was also a visiting professor at the University of Tokyo, the University of Kyoto, and Keio University.

He became the Harvard-Yenching Research Professor of Japanese History. In addition, he served as Director of the Reischauer Institute (1983–1985) and as Director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute (1976–1987).

His research focused primarily on the transition from the Edo period through the Meiji period.

## Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Albert Craig, OCLC / WorldCat encompasses roughly 60+ works in 200+ publications in 7 languages and 8,000+ library holdings.

- Chōshū in the Meiji Restoration (1961)

- Personality in Japanese History (1971), with Donald Shively

- The Heritage of Japanese Civilization (2003)

- The Heritage of Chinese Civilization (2001)

- The Heritage of World Civilizations (2005)

- Civilization and Enlightenment: The Early Thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi (2009)

## Honors

- Guggenheim Fellowship

- Fulbright Fellowship

- Japan Foundation Fellowship

- Order of the Rising Sun, 1988

- At ages 80 and 85, Craig set world masters records for those age groups in the 200 meter breaststroke.


The Venus Chained

# The Venus Chained

## Abstract

The Venus Chained (Les Vénus Enchaînées) is a French documentary film produced by Wooksart, Jacob Rothschild and Dylan Besseau, and directed by Guillaume Gevart.

## Synopsis

The theme of the documentary is prostitution, which affects 30,000 people in France, including 10,000 minors. Subjects include the departmental councilor Myriam Bigeard who fights for gender equality and the association of the Mouvement du Nid.

## Distribution

- Anne Bouillon

- Myriam Bigeard

- Mouvement du Nid

- Judith Trinquart

## Distinctions

- 2023: Honorable mention at the SWIFF


Jeanie Bryson

# Jeanie Bryson

## Abstract

Jeanie Bryson (born March 10, 1958) is an American singer who sings a combination of jazz, pop, and Latin music. Her repertoire is based on jazz and pop standards from the Great American Songbook, Peggy Lee and Dinah Washington.

## Life and career

Bryson is the daughter of composer Connie Bryson and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. Her paternity was kept a secret until after Gillespie's death because he was married, but she occasionally saw him growing up. In 1998 Bryson filed a lawsuit against his widow, Lorraine Willis Gillespie, after her lawyer found court records from 1965 in which Gillespie admitted he was her father. She reached a settlement with his estate.

Bryson grew up in East Brunswick, New Jersey. She began playing instruments at a young age, piano in first grade and then flute in fifth grade. Bryson attended East Brunswick High School. She studied anthropology and ethnomusicology at Livingston College, Rutgers University, graduating in 1981. That year, she performed with her father in Salem County, singing " God Bless the Child " by Billie Holiday. After college she worked in a post office during the week and sang on weekends, by the end of the 1980s she was singing full-time. Bryson released her debut album, I Love Being Here with You, on Telarc in 1993. Her mother contributed the lyrics to two songs on the album. Bryson also sang on an album by Terence Blanchard devoted to Billie Holiday songs. When describing her father, Bryson stated: "He was not the traditional dad, not at all. Let’s just put it this way: I remember being 18, going to see him in a club, going out to a van that was parked outside, and sharing a joint with him."

Bryson has a son, Radji Birks Bryson-Barrett, from the first of her three marriages. Her husband, guitarist Coleman Mellett (married 2004) died in the February 2009 crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407. The couple lived in East Brunswick, New Jersey.


WD 1425+540

# WD 1425+540

## Abstract

WD 1425+540 (G200-39) is a white dwarf that accreted an exocomet (exo- Kuiper Belt Object, exo-KBO). This is evident from the pollution of the white dwarf atmosphere with metals, especially the pollution with nitrogen. WD 1425+540 is the first white dwarf with detected nitrogen. The white dwarf has a K-dwarf companion called G200-40, about 40 arcseconds away. The white dwarf nature of the object was discovered by Greenstein in 1974.

The white dwarf is the prototype of the DBA spectral type that indicates both hydrogen and helium in its atmosphere, which was discovered in 1977. Metal pollution was first discovered in 1988 in the form of small amounts of calcium. Observations with Keck and Hubble, published in 2017, showed that the white dwarf is polluted with the elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, calcium, iron and nickel. The total mass of the heavy elements is around at least 10% of the mass of Pluto. The presence of nitrogen and its high abundance in WD 1425+540 hints at the presence of nitrogen ice or ammonia ice on the surface of the accreted body. The C/O ratio indicates that the body was dominated by magnesium silicates. High abundance of oxygen also shows that the body was rich in water ice, but also had carbon ices (e.g. dry ice, CO ice). The presence of water ice in the accreted body could also explain the high amount of hydrogen in the atmosphere of WD 1425+540. The excess in oxygen indicates that the exo-KBO would have been made of 30% water ice. The total abundance resembles the composition of the comet Halley. A study in 2021 showed that the abundance of the accreted material is in agreement with the metal abundance of the companion star G200-40.

When WD 1425+540 was a main-sequence star, it had a mass of about 2 M and therefore the exo-KBO would have been 120 astronomical units from its star, or 3 times the distance of the Kuiper Belt from the sun. When the star lost mass during the asymptotic giant branch stage, the Kuiper-Belt analogue would have expanded to beyond 300 au. Simulations have shown that the pollution might have followed the eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism.


Slava Voynov

# Slava Voynov

## Abstract

Vyacheslav "Slava" Leonidovich Voynov (Russian: Вячесла́в Леони́дович Во́йнов; born 15 January 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman for Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was previously suspended by the National Hockey League (NHL) resulting in the Los Angeles Kings terminating Voynov's six-year, $25 million contract in 2015 but retaining his rights. Voynov was selected by the Kings in the second round, 32nd overall, of the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, having won two Stanley Cups in 2012 and 2014.

## Playing career

Voynov began his career with Traktor Chelyabinsk, playing his rookie Russian Superleague (RSL) season in 2006–07. After a second campaign with Traktor, he was selected in the second round, 32nd overall, by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. The Kings, in their efforts to translate his Cyrillic -scripted name into the Latin alphabet, originally spelled his given name as "Viatcheslav." In the same off-season, Voynov was also drafted fifth overall by the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL)'s Moncton Wildcats in the 2008 Canadian Hockey League (CHL) Import Draft. However, because of his two seasons of professional experience in Russia, Voynov was eligible to forego the junior process in North America, and was subsequently assigned to the Kings' minor league affiliate, the Manchester Monarchs, in the American Hockey League (AHL). He recorded eight goals and 23 points in his AHL rookie season, and in the following campaign, he improved to 29 points in 79 games. In 2011, he was selected to represent the Eastern Conference at the 2011 AHL All-Star Game.

Voynov's first and second career NHL goals were both scored on 27 October 2011, against Kari Lehtonen of the Dallas Stars. On 11 June 2012, Voynov won the Stanley Cup with the Kings in his first NHL season. Voynov had an impressive rookie season with the Kings, but with the 2012–13 NHL season delayed because due to a lockout, he was reassigned to Manchester to start the year. In the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs, Voynov set a new Kings record for number of goals scored by a defenceman in one playoff season, scoring his fifth of the playoffs in Game 3 of the Western Conference finals against the Chicago Blackhawks.

On 18 June 2013, in the subsequent off-season, Voynov and the Kings agreed on a six-year, $25 million contract extension worth an annual average value of $4.16 million.

### Arrest and suspension

On 20 October 2014, Voynov was suspended indefinitely pending an investigation by the NHL after being arrested on misdemeanor domestic violence charges against his wife Marta Varlamova. On 20 November 2014, the Los Angeles County prosecutor announced that Voynov would be charged with "one felony count of corporal injury to a spouse with great bodily injury." Although Voynov was indefinitely suspended from the league, the Los Angeles Kings attempted to circumvent that by having Voynov attend a team practice. The Kings were later fined $100,000 for their misdemeanor.

The NHL does not have a policy on domestic violence charges; however, Voynov's suspension was justified under the collective bargaining agreement of the NHL. Although the CBA does not outline cases specific to Voynov and domestic violence, the league is able to suspend players while they are part of a criminal investigation. Under section 18-A.5, "The league may suspend the player pending the league's formal review and disposition of the matter where the failure to suspend the player during this period would create a substantial risk of material harm to the legitimate interests and/or reputation of the league." If convicted, Voynov risked up to nine years in prison and the possibility to be deported back to Russia. Voynov only suited up for six games for the Los Angeles Kings in the 2014–2015 season, but he still received a full salary. Voynov was paid while he was under investigation by the league; however, he was banned from participating in any team activities while serving his suspension.

Voynov pleaded not guilty to the charges of domestic violence on 1 December 2014.

At a hearing on 15 December 2014, an officer testified that Varlamova told police Voynov punched, kicked, and choked her, and that her face was cut after Voynov pushed her into a flat-screen television. The officer also testified to seeing a laceration above Varlamova's left eye, blood streaming, and red marks on her neck. Voynov's attorney claimed that the police misunderstood Varlamova because she does not speak English and maintained she "fell down." On 16 December 2014, TMZ published a letter Varlamova wrote to the Los Angeles County District Attorney asserting that he had not intended to injure her and requesting that Voynov not be charged.

On 2 July 2015, Voynov pleaded no contest to a reduced misdemeanor charge and was sentenced to 90 days in jail. He received three years of probation and was ordered to attend counseling.

On 3 September 2015, Voynov was released from Seal Beach Police Detention Center, where he was being held since 7 July 2015. Upon his release, he was taken into custody by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), where they held him at an unspecified detention facility to await trial in front of an immigration judge. Voynov was held without bond, which is common when ICE thinks the subject is a danger to the community or is a flight risk. Voynov elected to return to Russia rather than go through deportation proceedings. As a result, the Kings terminated his contract on 17 September 2015. Voynov was granted dismissal of his misdemeanor domestic abuse conviction on 2 July 2018. The motion was granted the day Voynov's three years of probation ended following his no contest plea to a misdemeanor charge of corporal injury to a spouse in 2015.

### Return to Russia

He returned to Russia and signed a contract with Russian powerhouse club SKA Saint Petersburg, where he won a Gagarin Cup in 2017. On 15 July 2019, he signed a one-year contract with Gagarin Cup finalists, Avangard Omsk.

Having sat out the entirety of the 2018–19 KHL season as a free agent, on 9 April 2019, the NHL announced that Voynov was suspended for the entire 2019–20 season and the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs. Assuming good behaviour, his eligibility would be restored on 1 July 2020. On 23 May 2019, the NHLPA announced that independent arbitrator Shyam Das had determined Voynov's year-long suspension would be upheld, however he would be credited for time served and would only be suspended for 41 games of the 2019–20 season. Following the arbitration news, the LA Kings announced they did not have any intention of playing Voynov in the upcoming season and would be looking into cutting ties with him.

He returned to the professional circuit in the KHL, agreeing to a one-year deal with Avangard Omsk on 15 July 2019. In the 2019–20 season, Voynov played on Avangard's top pair leading all blueliners in scoring with 11 goals and 41 points in 59 games, earning his second career selection to the KHL All-Star Game. On 1 May 2020, Voynov left Avangard at the conclusion of his contract.

On 20 May 2021, Voynov opted to continue his career in the KHL, agreeing to a two-year contract with HC Dynamo Moscow.

After leading the blueline in scoring by collecting 31 points through 40 regular season games and posting 10 points in 11 playoff contests, Voynov was traded following the 2021–22 campaign with Vadim Shipachyov to Ak Bars Kazan for financial compensation on 4 May 2022. He was later signed on 18 May 2022 to a three-year contract extension with Ak Bars through 2025.

Following two seasons with Ak Bars, Voynov mutually agreed to leave the club and was later signed to a one-year contract with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod on 29 July 2024.

## International play

Voynov has played for Russia at the World Under-18 Tournament, the World Junior Tournament, the 2014 Olympics and the 2016 World Championship. He was a member of the Russian team at the 2018 Winter Olympics and won the gold medal.

On 23 January 2022, Voynov was named to the roster to represent Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

## Career statistics


Matt Lauer

# Matt Lauer

## Abstract

Matthew Todd Lauer (/ l aʊər /; born December 30, 1957) is an American former television news personality, best known for his work with WWOR on 9 Broadcast Plaza (the popular New York City/Brooklyn area hybrid entertainment/local news show that would become The Richard Bey Show) and Cinemax in the with Beyond the Screen, which promoted many big name movies coming out in the late 80s to early 90s, and NBC News. After serving as a local news personality in New York City on WNBC, his first national exposure was as the news anchor for The Today Show from 1994 to 1997. In 1997, Lauer was moved from the news desk to the host's chair, and served as the co-host of NBC 's Today show from 1997 to 2017. He was also a frequent contributor for the evening news magazine Dateline NBC. With NBC, Lauer hosted the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and co-hosted the opening ceremonies of several Olympic Games.

In November 2017, Lauer's contract was terminated by NBC after NBC reported receiving "a detailed complaint from a colleague about inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace" and added that NBC had "reason to believe this may not have been an isolated incident."

## Early life

Lauer was born in New York City, the son of Marilyn Lauer, a boutique owner, and Jay Robert Lauer, a bicycle-company executive.

Lauer's father was of Romanian Jewish ancestry, as seen on the Today Show ' s Finding Our Roots. Lauer said, "My dad was Jewish. My mom is not. So I was not raised anything. I do feel a desire now to find something spiritual. Getting married and wanting to have kids has something to do with that."

## Education and early career

Lauer earned his undergraduate degree from Ohio University at age 39 in 1997; he had studied at the school's Scripps College of Communication, School of Media Arts and Studies. Lauer had dropped out of the same institution in the spring of 1979 to begin his television career, after he was hired as a producer of the noon newscast for WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. By 1980, Lauer had become an on-air reporter for the station's 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts.

Lauer then started to move around the East Coast, hosting a number of daily information and talk programs. He was a co-host of PM Magazine in several cities, beginning in Richmond (1980–1981), then Providence (1981–1984), and then New York City (1984–1986). After the New York edition of PM Magazine was canceled by WNYW in 1986, Lauer and co-host Jill Rappaport worked on a new show for the station, Made in New York, which ran for fifteen weeks. This was followed by Lauer gaining his first national television exposure, as he joined Robin Leach in co-hosting ABC 's short-lived daytime series Fame, Fortune and Romance, a spin-off of the syndicated Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. Lauer then returned to local television, hosting programs in Philadelphia and Boston for a two-year period between 1987 and 1989, during which time he reported for ESPN and anchored entertainment news segments for HBO.

In September 1989, Lauer returned to New York City, this time to WWOR, and built his career and fame, where he hosted 9 Broadcast Plaza, a three-hour live interview program. Lauer departed that series as it took a turn in booking "tabloid" guests and topics, and for what he relayed as a refusal to live-read ads on the show for Dial-a-Mattress. WWOR-TV replaced Lauer with various guest hosts Buzz Luttrell Robb Weller, Robin Leach, Steve Edwards (talk show host), Weird Al Yankovic, Howard Stern, Richard Bey, and 9 Broadcast Plaza eventually morphed into The Richard Bey Show.

At this time, Lauer was also the original primary host of a popular Cinemax interstitial show, called Beyond the Screen (1988 - 1997; it was interstitial because the show aired on interstitial breaks between programs), which was very popular on Cinemax, causing them to topple HBO in the ratings. In this show, Matt, and many other hosts, would interview many celebrities such as Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Nicole Kidman, Talia Shire, Selma Blair, Jerry Seinfeld, Annabella Sciorra, Kirsten Dunst, EPMD, Tupac, John Singleton, Samuel L. Jackson, Sean Nelson, and many others, for their upcoming movies. The Godfather Part III, GoodFellas, Juice, and Fresh, were among the movies that had their behind-the-scenes featurette premieres on Cinemax, via this show.

In 1990, Lauer was hired by the Kushner-Locke Company to host a pilot called Day in Court, executive-produced by veteran producer David Sams, who helped to launch The Oprah Winfrey Show into national syndication. The program was retitled Trial Watch when it went to series, and ran on the NBC network for two seasons. NBC hired Robb Weller as host over Lauer when the program was picked up as a daily series. That same year, Lauer filmed a pilot for the World Wrestling Federation 's bodybuilding spinoff, the World Bodybuilding Federation for USA Network known as WBF BodyStars, though WWF owner/chairman Vince McMahon later decided to host the program himself. In 1991, Lauer appeared as the co-host (along with Willow Bay) of Etc., Etc., a show on the Travel Channel.

## Career at NBC News

Lauer joined NBC in 1992, when he became co-anchor of the early weekday news show Today in New York on the network's New York flagship station WNBC. The following year, Lauer filled the role of Live at Five co-anchor with Sue Simmons, eventually taking the role permanently and giving up the morning shift by 1994; he was replaced on Today in New York by Maurice DuBois. Lauer remained on Live at Five until 1996.

Lauer's on-camera presence would soon provide him many opportunities with NBC News. Lauer filled in as the newsreader on The Today Show for Margaret Larson when needed from 1992 to 1993. This "audition" period allowed him to join The Today Show full-time in January 1994 as news anchor, while still co-anchoring Today in New York and Live at Five.

Lauer stepped in for Scott Simon, Mike Schneider, Jack Ford and David Bloom as the co-host of Weekend Today, and for Ann Curry as anchor of the former NBC News program NBC News at Sunrise from 1992 to 1997. He had also filled in for Tom Brokaw on NBC Nightly News. As the Today Show news anchor, Lauer also substituted for Bryant Gumbel on the Today Show before being named the official co-anchor on January 6, 1997, after Gumbel stepped down. On top of Lauer's duties on The Today Show, Lauer also hosted programming on Discovery Channel and MSNBC.

From 1998 until 2011, Lauer embarked on what was generally an annual five-day, globe-spanning adventure called Where in the World is Matt Lauer? on the Today Show during TV sweeps. The segment was named after the PBS game show Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? from which it borrowed the theme song. This segment sent Lauer to various locations around the world, from where he reported on the importance of each location. Lauer broadcast from locations including Bhutan, Easter Island, the Panama Canal, Iran, Hong Kong, Croatia, and the Great Wall of China. In 2011, NBC News postponed the segment in consideration of the stagnant, unstable U.S. economy.

On some occasions, Lauer conducted interviews that escalated into tense exchanges. During a June 2005 interview with Tom Cruise, Lauer argued with Cruise about psychiatry and postpartum depression, and Cruise called Lauer "glib." In December 2008, Cruise said he regretted the exchange.

On June 19, 2007, Lauer interviewed Prince William and Prince Harry on the tenth anniversary of the death of their mother, Diana, Princess of Wales.

Between 1998 and 2017, Lauer co-hosted NBC's live coverage of Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Lauer co-hosted the opening ceremonies of several Olympic Games, carrying on what his former co-host Katie Couric had done since the 2000 Summer Olympics. Lauer co-hosted the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics, the 2010 Winter Olympics, the 2012 Summer Olympics, the 2014 Winter Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics. His commentary on the 2012 opening ceremonies, along with that of co-hosts Meredith Vieira and Bob Costas, came under fierce criticism, being described as "ignorant" and "banal".

On April 5, 2012, Lauer announced that he had signed a new contract with NBC News through 2017. Forbes estimated that the contract paid Lauer $25 million a year.

It has been widely reported that Lauer had influenced co-anchor Ann Curry 's departure from The Today Show, executed by its executive producer Jim Bell under the name called "Operation Bambi."

During the 2014 Winter Olympics, Lauer replaced prime-time host Bob Costas from February 11–14, after Costas suffered a major eye infection.

In November 2015, Lauer hosted an interview with Charlie Sheen, during which Sheen revealed that he was HIV-positive.

On September 8, 2016, Lauer conducted separate 30-minute interviews with presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, both of which were met with much criticism. Lauer devoted much of the Clinton interview to questions about her e-mail server, and according to critics, appeared to rush through audience-led topics such as domestic terror attacks and veterans' affairs, implying that there was not enough time to cover these in detail. Many also felt that Lauer failed to challenge Trump on alleged inaccuracies, such as his statement that he was "totally against the war in Iraq," which other sources called "lies." CNN reported that the short amount of time for the interviews, the short notice with which they were conducted, and the small amount of audience questions were a major reason for the poor reviews.

On November 30, 2016, it was revealed that Lauer had signed a new contract up to 2018. Variety reported that his salary was $20 million per year. On January 6, 2017, Lauer celebrated his 20th anniversary on The Today Show with a look back at some of his most memorable moments on the show.

## Sexual misconduct allegations

On November 29, 2017, NBC News announced that Lauer's employment had been terminated after an unidentified female NBC employee reported that Lauer had sexually harassed her during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and that the harassment continued after they returned to New York. Andrew Lack, chairman of NBC News, sent a memorandum to his staff that said, in part, "On Monday night, we received a detailed complaint from a colleague about inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace by Matt Lauer.... While it is the first complaint about his behavior in the over 20 years he's been at NBC News, we were also presented with reason to believe this may not have been an isolated incident." A network executive said Lauer would not receive any form of monetary settlement because he was fired " for cause ". Lauer's last day on air was November 28, 2017. His contract had been scheduled to run through the end of 2018.

NBC News management said it had been aware that The New York Times and Variety had been conducting independent investigations of Lauer's behavior, but that management had been unaware of previous allegations against Lauer. Later reporting disputed this; Linda Vester, a former NBC News correspondent, said that management had to have known and that "everybody knew" that Lauer was dangerous. In the 2019 book Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies, and a Conspiracy to Protect Predators, Ronan Farrow cited multiple sources who stated that NBC News was not only aware of Lauer's misconduct beforehand, but that Harvey Weinstein used this knowledge to pressure the program into killing a story that would have outed his own sexual assaults. Variety reported allegations by at least ten of Lauer's current and former colleagues. Additional accusations went public in the ensuing days. NBC acknowledged three additional cases from 2000 to 2007.

In Catch and Kill, Farrow reveals one of the alleged victims as Brooke Nevils, who says Lauer anally raped her in his hotel room while the two were in Sochi covering the 2014 Winter Olympics for NBC. Farrow also writes in his book that Nevils had additional sexual encounters with Lauer after the initial incident, but she characterized those encounters as "transactional", and consented only out of fear that Lauer had control over her career.

In a statement made after his firing, Lauer apologized for his actions, saying, "Some of what is being said about me is untrue or mischaracterized, but there is enough truth in these stories to make me feel embarrassed and ashamed." Following Nevils' allegation of sexual assault that was published in Farrow's book, Lauer issued an open letter confirming that he had a consensual sexual relationship with Nevils and that the relationship started in 2014 in Sochi, but denying that the initial encounter was non-consensual.

Two weeks after Lauer's firing, Addie Zinone, a former Today production assistant, made an additional accusation, saying that she had a consensual sexual relationship with Lauer in June 2000. Zinone claimed that the relationship was an "abuse of power" on Lauer's part because Zinone said that she felt that turning down Lauer's advances would have hurt her career.

According to Farrow, Today show booker Melissa Lonner claims that Lauer exposed himself to her in 2010 at an NBC cocktail party. He denies this claim and through his lawyer said, "he will not take part in the marketing circus of this book."

In 2008, Lauer was the subject of a roast by the New York Friars Club where several of his colleagues made jokes about his reputation for having relationships with his staff.

## Other work

Lauer made a guest appearance as himself on a live episode of Will & Grace in early 2006.

In November 2006, Lauer and his daughter, Romy, hosted the Sesame Street direct-to-DVD show Sesame Beginnings: Exploring Together. Lauer hosted The Greatest American on the Discovery Channel, which used internet and telephone voting by viewers to select the winner. Lauer was critical of his own program, since it tended to favor well-known figures over others who had less influence in pop culture.

Lauer served as the 2009 Class Day speaker at Harvard University 's undergraduate commencement ceremonies on June 3, 2009.

Lauer has appeared as himself in the 2009 film Land of the Lost, the 2011 film The Beaver and voiced reporter Hark Hanson in the direct–to–DVD animated sequel Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! Lauer also made appearances in the 2011 films Drew Peterson: Untouchable and Tower Heist; archival footage of Lauer is shown in the 2015 film Straight Outta Compton and the 2017 films Lady Bird and I, Tonya. He also appeared as himself in the TV movies Sharknado 2: The Second One and Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No!

## Career timeline

- 1979–1980: News producer and reporter, WOWK-TV, Huntington, West Virginia

- 1980–1981: Co-host, PM Magazine, WXEX-TV, Richmond, Virginia

- 1981–1984: Co-host, PM Magazine, WJAR -TV, Providence, Rhode Island

- 1984–1986: Co-host, PM Magazine, WNEW-TV, New York City

- 1986: Co-host, Made in New York, WNYW, New York City

- 1986–1987: Co-host, Fame, Fortune and Romance, ABC

- 1987–1988: Host, Live on City Line, WCAU -TV, Philadelphia

- 1988–1989: Host, Talk of the Town, WNEV-TV, Boston

- 1989–1991: Co-host, 9 Broadcast Plaza, WWOR-TV, Secaucus, New Jersey

- 1992–1996: Various positions at WNBC-TV, New York City September 1992 – September 1994: Today in New York co-anchor August 1993 – September 1996: early evening newscast Live at Five co-anchor

- September 1992 – September 1994: Today in New York co-anchor

- August 1993 – September 1996: early evening newscast Live at Five co-anchor

- 1992–2017: Various positions at NBC News, New York City 1992–1997: fill-in anchor on Weekend Today and NBC News at Sunrise 1993–1994: Today fill-in news anchor June 13, 1994 – January 3, 1997: Today news anchor January 6, 1997 – November 28, 2017: Today co-anchor 1997–2017: Dateline NBC contributing anchor 1998–2016: Christmas in Rockefeller Center host 1998–2017: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade host 2011–2013: Rock Center with Brian Williams correspondent

- 1992–1997: fill-in anchor on Weekend Today and NBC News at Sunrise

- 1993–1994: Today fill-in news anchor

- June 13, 1994 – January 3, 1997: Today news anchor

- January 6, 1997 – November 28, 2017: Today co-anchor

- 1997–2017: Dateline NBC contributing anchor

- 1998–2016: Christmas in Rockefeller Center host

- 1998–2017: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade host

- 2011–2013: Rock Center with Brian Williams correspondent

## Personal life

Lauer is a grandson of singer Art Gentry. Lauer was married to television producer Nancy Alspaugh from 1982 to 1989. They had no children. He later married Dutch model Annette Roque, whom he met on a blind date in July 1997. Lauer proposed to Roque after five months of dating, and the two wed in Bridgehampton, New York on October 3, 1998. They have three children together.

In 2006, while pregnant, Roque filed for divorce due to "mental abuse, extreme mental and emotional distress, humiliation, torment, and anxiety" by Lauer. They reconciled weeks later. On September 7, 2019, Lauer and Roque officially divorced, following nearly two years of separation in the wake of his 2017 sexual harassment allegations.

Since his firing, Lauer has been living on his farm in New Zealand.


# Active Advance Pro Wrestling Openweight Championship

## Abstract

The 2AW Openweight Championship is a professional wrestling world championship created and promoted by the Japanese promotion Active Advance Pro Wrestling, being sanctioned as the promotion's top championship. There have been a total of eleven reigns shared between eight different champions. The current champion is Ayato Yoshida who is in his third reign.

## Title history

In April 2019, the promotion (previously named Kaientai Dojo) announced that they were rebranding as Active Advance Pro Wrestling (2AW). This came as the company attempted to rebrand itself after the Taka Michinoku scandal, also changing its colors to black and white. That same night, young wrestler Ayato Yoshida won the Strongest-K Championship, symbolically leading the company into the future. He retired the title as the new 2AW Openweight Championship was created to replace it.

There have been a total of eleven reigns shared between eight different champions. Shu Asakawa was the inaugural champion. Ayato Yoshida holds the record for the longest reign with 298 days and also for the most individual reigns with three and also for the most cumulated successful defenses with twelve. The current champion is Yoshida himself who defeated Taishi Takizawa 2AW Grand Slam In TKP Garden City in Chiba, Japan.

### Combined reigns

As of September 15, 2024.


Drugs You Should Try It

# Drugs You Should Try It

## Abstract

" Drugs You Should Try It " is a song by American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released independently as the fourth song from his second commercial mixtape, Days Before Rodeo on August 18, 2014. It was released as part of the mixtape to streaming media through Cactus Jack and Epic Records for its tenth anniversary on August 23, 2024. The song was written and produced by Scott, Mike Dean, FKi 1st, and Charlie Handsome. The official music video for the song was released four days later. A moody psychedelic hip hop song, "Drugs You Should Try It" received generally positive reviews from music critics and was considered a standout track from Days Before Rodeo and generally one of Scott's best songs.

## Background and release

"Drugs You Should Try It" was initially released on August 18, 2014, as part of Days Before Rodeo, Scott's second mixtape, which served as a prelude to his debut studio album Rodeo. To commemorate its 10th anniversary, the album was re-released on August 23, 2024 to streaming media. On August 27, a music video for "Drugs You Should Try It" was released, featuring a tribute to the late fashion designer Virgil Abloh.

## Composition and lyrics

The song features minimalist production, a reverb-heavy guitar riff, and ambient sound effects. Writing for HotNewHipHop, Zachary Horvath explained that it differed from the rest of the Southern trap of Days Before Rodeo in a positive way. Lyrically, "Drugs You Should Try It" explores themes of escapism and love, as well as drug use. Horvath describes the song as Scott at his most vulnerable, talking about "loving someone, as well as all of their druggy escapades together."


2024 Copa Perú

# 2024 Copa Perú

## Abstract

The 2024 Peru Cup season (Spanish: Copa Perú 2024), the largest amateur tournament of Peruvian football. The District Stage (Spanish: Ligas Distritales) started in February - March, and the National Stage (Spanish: Etapa Nacional) started in November. The winner and runner-up will be promoted to the Liga 2 and the 24 Departmental champions will be promoted to Liga 3.

## Departmental stage

Departmental Stage: 2024 Ligas Departamentales del Perú

The following list shows the teams that qualified for the National Stage.

## National Stage

In 2024 the National Stage has grown to 50 teams, and the new National Stage, designed by matchVision, is played under Regional using the POT System, with all the Regions of Peru represented. The National Stage starts in the second week of October.

This phase features the 50 teams that qualified from the Departmental Stage. Each team plays 3 games at home and 3 games away, for a total of 6 games against 3 different geographical rivals. The departmental stage winners only play against departmental runners-up, and vice versa. All the teams are positioned in one general table. After 6 matches, the team in places 1 to 32 are qualified directly to the Round of 32. The teams in places 33 to 50 are eliminated.

The winner and runner-up of the National Stage will be promoted to the Liga 2.

### League table

## Final Rounds

### Quarterfinals

### Semifinals

### Final


1924 in Germany

# 1924 in Germany

## Abstract

The following lists events that happened during 1924 in the Weimar Republic.

## Incumbents

### National level

- President - Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats)

- Chancellor - Wilhelm Marx (Centre)

## Events

- 4 January – The Emminger Reform is enacted that abolished the jury system and replaced it with a mixed system of judges and lay judges.

- 31 January – Leaders of independent republic of the Rhineland Palatinate attempting to formally secede from Germany fails from lack of support.

- 23 February – Great Britain reduces German reparation recovery duties on German goods to 5% due to Germany's economic troubles.

- 26 February – The trial of Adolf Hitler for the Beer Hall Putsch begins and will last until 1 April.

- 3 March – Germany signs a treaty of friendship with Turkey.

- 4 May – German federal election, May 1924

- 26 May – Wilhelm Marx 's government resigns after negotiations break down for a coalition.

- 6 June – Germany accepts the Dawes Plan for the reduction of World War I reparations.

- 16 August – Representatives of the French government agree to leave the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr during the London Conference of World War I reparations.

- 29 August – The German Reichstag approves the Dawes Plan.

- 30 August – The German Reichsbank begins operating independently of the German government by issuing a new mark after the hyperinflation completely devaluates the old mark.

- 10 October – An international loan is granted to Germany to help the reconstruction of Germany's economy and industry.

- 18–30 November – France and Belgium return control of the Ruhr to Germany in the Occupation of the Ruhr.

- 7 December – German federal election, December 1924

- German company Hugo Boss was founded.

## Popular culture

### Arts and literature

- Thomas Mann 's novel Der Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain) is published.

- Kurt Hielscher 's photographic album Deutschland: Baukunst und Landschaft (Germany: Architecture and Landscapes) is published.

- Forbidden Paradise, starring Pola Negri, Rod La Rocque, and Adolphe Menjou, is released by director Ernst Lubitsch.

- The Last Laugh, starring Emil Jannings, is released by director F.W. Murnau.

- Waxworks, starring William Dieterle, Emil Jannings, Conrad Veidt, and Werner Krauss, is released by director Paul Leni.

- The opera Intermezzo is first performed by Richard Strauss in Dresden, Germany.

- Artist Kurt Schwitters creates the Merz 32 collage.

- Die Häschenschule a children's book written by Albert Sixtus and illustrated by Fritz Koch-Gotha is published.

## Births

- 3 January – Otto Beisheim, German businessman (died 2013)

- 4 January – Marianne Werner, German athlete (died 2023)

- 15 January – Georg Ratzinger, German priest and conductor (died 2020)

- 3 February – Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Hohenzollern, German nobleman (died 2010)

- 12 February – Karl-Heinz Kipp, German entrepreneur (died 2017)

- 4 March – Gert Boyle, German-born American businesswoman (died 2019)

- 11 March – Peter Scholl-Latour, German journalist (died 2014)

- 15 March – Walter Gotell, German actor (died 1997)

- 27 March – Herbert Zangs, German artist (died 2003)

- 8 April – Günter Pfitzmann, German actor (died 2003)

- 10 April – Wolfgang Menge, German television director and journalist (died 2012)

- 23 April – Ruth Leuwerik, German film actress (died 2016)

- 3 May – Yehuda Amichai, German-born Israeli poet (died 2000)

- 4 May – Hans-Günther Thalheim, German Germanist and linguist (died 2018)

- 12 May – Jürgen Dethloff, German engineer (died 2002)

- 14 May – Coco Schumann, jazz musician (died 2018)

- 23 May – Karlheinz Deschner, German writer (died 2014)

- 31 May – Gisela May, German actress and singer (died 2016)

- 3 June – Günther Rühle, German theatre critic (died 2021)

- 4 June – Heinz Westphal, German politician (died 1998)

- 10 June – Friedrich L. Bauer, German computer scientist (died 2015)

- 19 June – Anneliese Rothenberger, German operatic soprano (died 2010)

- 20 June Rainer Barzel, German politician (died 2006) Fritz Koenig, German sculptor (died 2017)

- Rainer Barzel, German politician (died 2006)

- Fritz Koenig, German sculptor (died 2017)

- 5 July – Niels Jannasch, German-born Canadian historian and museum curator (died 2001)

- 25 July – Arnold Weiss, German-born American soldier (died 2010)

- 31 July – Ralph Koltai, German-born British stage director (died 2018)

- 15 August – Werner Abrolat, German actor (died 1997)

- 16 August – Ralf Bendix, German Schlager singer, music producer, composer and songwriter (died 2014)

- 18 August – Armin, Prince of Lippe, German nobleman (died 2015)

- 2 September – Wolfgang Zeidler, German judge (died 1987)

- 4 September – Helmut Schlesinger, German economist

- 15 October – Marguerite Andersen, German-Canadian author and educator (died 2022)

- 6 November – Jeanette Schmid, Czech-born entertainer (died 2005)

- 18 November – Elfie Pertramer, German actress (died 2011)

- 30 November – Otto Kaiser, German biblical scholar (died 2017)

- 6 December Harald Heckmann, German musicologist (died 2023) Meinrad Miltenberger, German canoeist (died 1993)

- Harald Heckmann, German musicologist (died 2023)

- Meinrad Miltenberger, German canoeist (died 1993)

- 11 December – Heinz Schenk, German actor and television presenter (died 2014)

- 15 December – Esther Béjarano, German member of the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz (died 2021)

## Deaths

- 20 January – Franz Dibelius, German Protestant theologian (born 1847)

- 27 February – Hans Georg Friedrich Groß, German balloonist and airship constructor (born 1860)

- 20 March – Adolf von Scholz, German politician (born 1833)

- 10 April – Hugo Stinnes, German industrialist and politician. (born 1870)

- 23 April – Karl Helfferich, German politician (born 1872)

- 25 April – Ernst Büchner, German chemist (born 1850)

- 11 August – Franz Heinrich Schwechten, German architect (born 1841)

- 10 October – Carl von Thieme, German banker (born 1844)

- 2 December – Hugo von Seeliger, German astronomer (born 1849)


Boško Petrović (aviator)

# Boško Petrović (aviator)

## Abstract

Božidar "Boško" Petrović (7 April 1911 – 12 July 1937) was a Yugoslav fighter ace of the Spanish Civil War and professional footballer.

## Biography

Boško Petrović was born in Bela Palanka in the Kingdom of Serbia in 1911. After the completion of his secondary education, he attended the University of Belgrade, studying law. While a student, Petrović began his professional football career, beginning his career at Belgrade clubs FK BASK and BUSK before joining FK Vojvodina in 1932. In 1934 he moved to SK Jugoslavija, one of the stronhest clubs in Yugoslavia, where he played until 1936. That same year he was in the Yugoslavia national football team and played a match in Paris against the French. It was also during this time he joined the then-illegal Communist Party of Yugoslavia. After graduating from university, Petrović joined the Royal Yugoslav Air Force and was sent to Novi Sad to train as a pilot cadet. He took advantage of a trip to Paris in 1936 with his football team to test out new aircraft, including the Hawker Fury.

At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Petrović chose to join the fight on the side of the Spanish Republic and made his way to Spain along with his friend Sreten Dudić under the pseudonym of Fernández García. Upon their arrival, the two pilots were sent on a 26-day training course in Albacete before being sent to the front. After participating in multiple battles, including the Siege of Madrid, Petrović was killed on 12 July 1937, the same day he received his fifth confirmed kill. Shortly after his death, his brother Dobre arrived in Spain and took his place in the squadron.

After the communists emerged victorious in Yugoslavia following World War II, the government commemorated Petrović by naming several streets after the pilot and dedicating a plaque to him in Partizan Stadium.


Amanda Redman

# Amanda Redman

## Abstract

Amanda Jacqueline Redman, MBE (born 12 August 1957) is an English actress, known for her roles as Detective Superintendent Sandra Pullman in the BBC One series New Tricks (2003–2013) and as Dr. Lydia Fonseca in The Good Karma Hospital (2017–2022). She gained BAFTA TV Award nominations for At Home with the Braithwaites (2000–2003) and Tommy Cooper: Not Like That, Like This (2014). Her film roles include For Queen and Country (1988), Sexy Beast (2000) and Mike Bassett: England Manager (2001).

## Early life

Redman was born in Brighton, Sussex. Her father, Ronald Jack Redman (1929–1980), was born in Camberwell, London to parents from the East End, and her mother, Joan Beryl Redman (née Herrington, 1927–2014), was born in Quetta which was then still India to William Herrington, a British Indian Army soldier. Redman's father died at the age of 51, when she was 23. Redman had one brother, who died of pneumonia in 2008.

Redman is badly scarred on her left arm as a result of an accident when she was 18 months old. She was scalded by a pan of boiling hot turkey and vegetable soup and suffered burns to 75% of her body. Her arm was the only part of her body permanently affected, but the trauma was so severe that she was pronounced clinically dead at the Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, Sussex.

## Career

Redman trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. She was in the same class as Daniel Day-Lewis and Miranda Richardson.

In 1984, she appeared as Marina in the BBC Shakespeare production of Pericles, Prince of Tyre opposite Mike Gwilym. She also played Maxine in Oxbridge Blues, a British television mini-series, produced by the BBC and first shown in 1984 written by Frederick Raphael. In 1985 she played Janet in the touring version of The Rocky Horror Show.

In 1986, she played Miss Fairfax (Gwendolen) in the BBC Drama production of The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde. In 1988, she played Julia Melville in the BBC Theatre Night production of Richard Brinsley Sheridan 's The Rivals.

She played opposite Liv Ullmann in Richard's Things (1980), took over from Alfred Molina in the 1990s comedy drama El C.I.D., playing a new female lead in the series, and played Diana Dors in the TV film The Blonde Bombshell (1999). She presented an MTV show on satellite TV in the 1990s. She co-starred in the first two series of Dangerfield in 1995, playing Joanna Stevens, and played a role in Taggart the same year. In 2000 she played Deedee Dove in the feature film Sexy Beast. From 2000 until 2003 she played Alison Braithwaite, a woman whose life is turned upside down after she wins the lottery, in ITV 's At Home with the Braithwaites.

From 2003 to 2013, Redman took the role of DSI Sandra Pullman in the BBC's New Tricks. In July 2013, she announced her departure; Tamzin Outhwaite replaced her.

In June 2006, Redman performed in Children's Party at the Palace as Cruella DeVil for the Queen 's 80th birthday, and was the subject of an episode of the BBC documentary series Who Do You Think You Are?, a programme that explored her family history.

In 2015, Redman played the role of Jackie Rose in the three-part ITV drama The Trials of Jimmy Rose, starring alongside Ray Winstone. From 2017, she played Lydia Fonseca in the ITV drama series The Good Karma Hospital.

Redman is the founder and principal of the Artists Theatre School. She directs an annual show which is performed at The Questors Theatre in Ealing.

In 2018, she became a patron of Brighton Open Air Theatre. She told the Brighton Argus:

My stepfather used to bowl right here where the theatre is and my mother used to live in Dyke Road. When I was told about the history of this place I was incredibly moved. Whenever there is a venture where people are honestly trying to put something back into the community, you have to help however you can.

## Awards and nominations

- 2001 – Nominated – BAFTA TV Award – Best Actress for At Home with the Braithwaites

- 2002 – Winner – Chlotrudis Award – Best Actress for Sexy Beast

- 2003 – Nominated – National Television Award – Most Popular Actress for At Home with the Braithwaites

- 2007 – Nominated – TV Quick Award – Best Actress for New Tricks

- 2008 – Nominated – Crime Thriller Award – Best Actress for New Tricks

- 2015 – Nominated – BAFTA TV Award – Best Supporting Actress for Tommy Cooper: Not Like That, Like This

- 2016 – Winner – New York Festivals International TV and Film Awards – Best Actress for The Trials of Jimmy Rose

## Personal life

Redman married actor Robert Glenister in 1984; they had one child together, daughter Emily, before divorcing in 1992. Redman is credited with encouraging her then-brother-in-law, Philip Glenister, to go to drama school and pursue acting; he has played DCI Gene Hunt in both Life on Mars and Ashes to Ashes.

Redman was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to drama and charity.

## Filmography

## Theatre


# List of Major League Baseball career assists as a third baseman leaders

## Abstract

In baseball, an assist (denoted by A) is a defensive statistic, baseball being one of the few sports in which the defensive team controls the ball. An assist is credited to every defensive player who fields or touches the ball (after it has been hit by the batter) prior to the recording of a putout, even if the contact was unintentional. For example, if a ball strikes a player's leg and bounces off him to another fielder, who tags the baserunner, the first player is credited with an assist. A fielder can receive a maximum of one assist per out recorded. An assist is also credited if a putout would have occurred, had another fielder not committed an error. For example, a shortstop might field a ground ball cleanly, but the first baseman might drop his throw. In this case, an error would be charged to the first baseman, and the shortstop would be credited with an assist. Unlike putouts, exactly one of which is awarded for every defensive out, an out can result in no assists being credited (as in strikeouts, fly outs and line drives), or in assists being credited to multiple players (as in relay throws and rundown plays). Third base, or 3B, is the third of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner in order to score a run for that player's team. A third baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest third base, and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base. In the scoring system used to record defensive plays, the third baseman is assigned the number 5. The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls, often being the closest infielder (roughly 90–120 feet) to the batter. The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm, as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base. The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play, and must also field fly balls in both fair and foul territory.

Third basemen are most commonly credited with an assist when they field a ground ball and throw the ball either to the first baseman to retire the batter/runner, or to the second baseman to force out a runner, perhaps beginning a double play. Other common ways in which third basemen gain an assist are by throwing out a runner attempting to score (perhaps on a squeeze play), perhaps on a relay throw from the left fielder, rundown plays in which a runner is stranded between bases, throwing out a runner attempting to steal home on a pickoff throw, and throwing to first or second base after catching a line drive in order to retire a runner before they can tag up. Third basemen typically accumulate fewer assists than second basemen or shortstops due to the frequency of ground balls to the middle infielders, but far more than players at other positions.

Because the physical demands of playing third base historically hindered players from having long careers at the position, all but three of the 25 third basemen with the longest careers have reached the major leagues since 1943; even as increasing strikeouts in baseball have reduced the frequency of other defensive outs including ground outs, longer seasons and careers in recent decades have more than compensated for the difference. The top 15 leaders in career assists at third base all reached the major leagues after 1950, and all but nine of the top 62 single-season totals have been recorded since 1957. Brooks Robinson is the all-time leader in career assists as a third baseman with 6,205, which was 1,624 more than any other player at the time of his retirement; he remains the only third baseman with more than 6,000 career assists.

## List

- Stats updated as of September 14, 2024.

## Other Hall of Famers


2024 Go Bowling at The Glen

# 2024 Go Bowling at The Glen

## Abstract

The 2024 Go Bowling at The Glen is an upcoming NASCAR Cup Series race that will be held on September 15, 2024, at Watkins Glen International in Watkins Glen, New York. Contested over 90 laps on the 2.45-mile (3.94 km) road course, it will be the 28th race of the 2024 NASCAR Cup Series season, the second of the 2024 NASCAR playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 16.

## Report

### Background

Watkins Glen International (nicknamed "The Glen") is an automobile race track located in Watkins Glen, New York at the southern tip of Seneca Lake. It was long known around the world as the home of the Formula One United States Grand Prix, which it hosted for twenty consecutive years (1961–1980), but the site has been home to road racing of nearly every class, including the World Sportscar Championship, Trans-Am, Can-Am, NASCAR Cup Series, the International Motor Sports Association and the IndyCar Series.

Initially, public roads in the village were used for the race course. In 1956 a permanent circuit for the race was built. In 1968 the race was extended to six hours, becoming the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen. The circuit's current layout has more or less been the same since 1971, although a chicane was installed at the uphill Esses in 1975 to slow cars through these corners, where there was a fatality during practice at the 1973 United States Grand Prix. The chicane was removed in 1985, but another chicane called the "Inner Loop" was installed in 1992 after J.D. McDuffie's fatal accident during the previous year's NASCAR Winston Cup event.

The circuit is known as the Mecca of North American road racing and is a very popular venue among fans and drivers. The facility is currently owned by NASCAR.

#### Entry list

- (R) denotes rookie driver.

- (P) denotes playoff driver.

- (i) denotes driver who is ineligible for series driver points.

## Practice

Tyler Reddick was the fastest in the practice session with a time of 1:12.018 seconds and a speed of 122.469 mph (197.095 km/h).

## Qualifying

Ross Chastain scored the pole for the race with a time of 1:12.130 and a speed of 122.279 mph (196.789 km/h).

## Race

### Race results

#### Stage results

Stage One Laps: 20

Stage Two Laps: 20

### Final Stage results

Stage Three Laps: 50

## Media

### Television

USA covered the race on the television side. as part of a Radio style Broadcast for the race. Leigh Diffey and Steve Letarte called the race from the broadcast booth. MRN broadcaster Mike Bagley called the race from the Esses, Dillon Welch had the call from Turn 5 to Turn 9, and Jeff Burton called the race from Turn 10 & 11. Kim Coon, Parker Kligerman and Marty Snider handled the pit road duties from pit lane.

### Radio

Motor Racing Network had the radio call for the race, which will also be simulcast on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Alex Hayden, Jeff Striegle, and former crew chief Todd Gordon covered the action when the field raced down the front straightaway. Dave Moody called the race when the field raced thru the esses. Kyle Rickey wcovered the action when the field raced thru the inner loop and turn 5 and Jason Toy covered the action in turn 6 & 7. Steve Post, Brienne Pedigo, Chris Wilner & Jacklyn Drake called the action from the pits for MRN.


2024 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship

# 2024 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship

## Abstract

The 2024 Dublin Senior Hurling Championship is the 137th staging of the Dublin Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Dublin County Board in 1887. The draw for the group stage pairings took place in April 2024. The championship is scheduled to run from 13 July to October 2024.

Na Fianna are the defending champions.

## Team changes

### To Championship

Promoted from the Dublin Senior 2 Hurling Championship

- Craobh Chiaráin

- St Jude's

### From Championship

Relegated to the Dublin Senior 2 Hurling Championship

- Faughs

- St Oliver Plunketts/Eoghan Ruadh

## Group 1

### Group 1 table

Semi-finals Quarter-finals

## Group 2

### Group 2 table

Quarter-finals

## Knockout stage

### Quarter-finals

### Semi-finals

### Final

## External link

- Dublin GAA website


Statue of Cecil Rhodes, Bulawayo

# Statue of Cecil Rhodes, Bulawayo

## Abstract

The Statue of Cecil John Rhodes in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe is a bronze sculpture of a British colonialist, businessman and politician who was the founder of British South Africa Company through which he founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia.

The statue was sculpted by a Scottish sculptor John Tweed and was erected in Bulawayo city centre in 1904. In February 1981 after Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, the statue was removed from the city center to the centenary park at the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe.


Rebecca Tyson

# Rebecca Tyson

## Abstract

Rebecca Elizabeth Ann Tyson (born 26 June 2000) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Hertfordshire and Southern Vipers. She plays as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. She has previously played for Middlesex.

## Domestic career

Tyson made her county debut in 2015, for Hertfordshire against Leicestershire. She took 4/19 for the side in a 2016 Women's County Championship match against Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. She was the side's leading wicket-taker in both the 2017 Women's County Championship and the 2017 Women's Twenty20 Cup, with 10 and 12 wickets respectively.

Tyson joined Middlesex ahead of the 2018 season, playing for the side for two seasons. She re-joined Hertfordshire for the 2022 season, and was the joint-leading wicket-taker across the entire competition in the 2023 Women's Twenty20 Cup, with 12 wickets at an average of 5.33. She took 15 wickets at an average of 12.47 in the 2024 Women's Twenty20 Cup, the joint-second highest wicket-taker in the competition, as her side finished as runners-up.

In 2024, Tyson played for Sunrisers 2nd XI, including taking 4/18 for the side against South East Stars. Later that season, on 29 August, it was announced that Tyson had signed a Pay As You Play contract with Southern Vipers. She made her debut for the side on 4 September 2024, against Northern Diamonds in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy, taking 3/49 from her 10 overs.


Videx

# Videx

## Abstract

Videx, Inc., is a Corvallis, Oregon manufacturer of computer hardware such as access control products and data collection terminals. It was founded in 1979 by Paul Davis.

Its initial success came with the first release of the $345 Videoterm (80 column) display card in March 1980 and the $149 shift and custom keyboard mapping Enhancer II terminal card in November 1981, both for Apple II computers. Later, in 1984, it released its $379 UltraTerm expansion card boasting high-definition 96-pixel characters and up to 128 × 32 character display. These products became obsolete when Apple released the Apple IIe with most of the 80-column card hardware built-in - only a much simpler and cheaper RAM card was then required.

Videx also produced software, including Desktop Calendar (1984) for the Apple Lisa.

In the mid-1980s, the company started divesting from personal computer products in favor of data collection products, namely barcode readers.