Murders of Raul and Brisenia Flores

# Murders of Raul and Brisenia Flores

## Abstract

On May 30, 2009, 29-year-old Raul Flores Jr. and his daughter, nine-year-old Brisenia Ylianna Flores, were murdered during a home invasion in Arivaca, Arizona. The perpetrators were Shawna Forde, Jason Eugene Bush and Albert Gaxiola, all members of Forde's vigilante nativist group, Minutemen American Defense (MAD). Gina Gonzalez, the victims' wife and mother, was wounded but survived the attack after exchanging gunfire with the intruders, wounding Bush.

In 2011, all three assailants were convicted of murder. Forde and Bush were sentenced to death, while Gaxiola was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

## Attack

Shawna Forde and her accomplices gained entry into the Flores home by claiming they were officials looking for fugitives. The suspects had the expectation of finding money and drugs that could be sold to finance Forde's vigilante nativist group, Minutemen American Defense (MAD), which patrolled Arizona 's border with Mexico. When they found no drugs, the intruders took inexpensive jewelry and fatally shot 29-year-old Raul Flores Jr. and his daughter, nine-year-old Brisenia Ylianna Flores.

Gina Marie Gonzalez, the 31-year-old wife of Raul Flores and the mother of Brisenia, was in the home during the attack and was shot three times. She survived when she pretended to be dead. After the assailants left the home, Gonzalez called 9-1-1 and armed herself with her husband's handgun. While Gonzalez was on the phone, the assailants re-entered the home, and Gonzalez exchanged fire with the attackers, wounding Bush in the leg. The killers then fled. Gonzalez identified two men and a white woman as the attackers. She identified Bush as the one who had murdered her daughter and her husband. The day after the murders, Bush's leg was treated by MAD member Chuck Stonex. Stonex later become a witness for the prosecution at trial.

An early exchange within the 911 call was recorded as follows:

Gonzalez: They shot me and I pretended like I was dead. My daughter was crying. They shot her, too.

Operator: Are they still there, the people who, that shot them?

Gonzalez: They're coming back in! They're coming back in!

(Gunfire.)

Brisenia was a third-grade student at the Sopori Elementary School in Amado, Arizona at the time of her death. Another of the Flores's daughters, a 12-year-old, was at her grandmother's home in Sahuarita during the attack.

## Trial

Arriving at a death sentence for Forde was difficult, according to juror Angie Thomas. A picture of Brisenia presented during the trial was a significant factor in reaching the decision: "A little girl, with bright red fingernails; she's wearing a white T-shirt and turquoise-colored pajama bottoms. She's on a love seat. It's a perfect, innocent picture until you realize that half of her face has been blown off." Gonzalez testified that her daughter was shot point-blank as the girl pleaded for her life.

Forde, Bush, and Albert Gaxiola were all convicted of the murders. Forde and Bush were sentenced to death, while Gaxiola was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole plus 54 years.

## Assailants

### Jason Eugene Bush

Jason Eugene "Gunny" Bush (born LaGrande, Oregon August 11, 1974) of Meadview, Arizona, was MAD's National Director of Operations. Bush had previously been charged with the September 1997 execution-style killing of an Aryan Nation associate, Jonathan Bumstead, for supposedly committing the "crime" of "being a 'race-traitor'". That same year, Bush was imprisoned for car theft and for possession of a firearm, which was unlawful because of Bush's earlier felony conviction.

After his release from prison in 2003, Bush moved to Sandpoint, Idaho, where he lived until 2007. He is suspected in two additional killings that occurred in 1997. According to information provided to Washington state detectives, Bush is alleged to have shown up at the homes of acquaintances covered in blood and asked to be allowed to clean up, after he had "just finished taking care of some business." Detectives sought to find links to unresolved cases.

Bush, who was Forde's second-in-command, had ties to Aryan Nations, a white supremacist organization. After his arrest in the murders of Raul and Brisenia Flores, Bush was charged in June 2009 with the 1997 murder of Hector Lopez Partida in Wenatchee, Washington based on DNA evidence. In April 2011, Bush was sentenced to death, and in May 2011, received another 78 years for other crimes. Bush's appeal of his death sentence was rejected in 2018.

### Shawna Forde

Shawna Forde was born December 6, 1967. In describing herself in 2007 when she ran unsuccessfully for a city council seat in Everett, Washington, Forde said that she had been a promoter of a grunge rock band and had worked as a youth counselor, aircraft factory worker, and as a cosmetologist.

Forde had several run-ins with law enforcement before her arrest for the double murder. Court records show that she served time in juvenile lock-ups for repeated convictions involving theft, burglary, and prostitution. Forde had been married four times. In 1989, a male friend sought court protection from Forde, claiming that she had physically attacked him and threatened to hurt herself with a knife. In 2007, she was charged with theft. In January 2008, Forde accused members of a drug cartel of sexually assaulting and shooting her. Later, however, she suggested the culprits were criminal associates of her son. Forde's brother alleged that she fabricated the story, and authorities closed the case due to insufficient evidence.

In 2007, Forde became involved in vigilante activities after she joined the Minutemen Civil Defense Corps (MCDC), which eventually expelled her. In February 2007, she helped found and direct MAD, a splinter group from the MCDC, which questionably claimed "several thousand private members", although a former member claimed only fourteen remained following Forde's arrest for the Flores murders. Forde was posting updates to the website of Jim Gilchrist 's Minuteman Project organization, which had her listed as their Border Operations Manager. Stonex said Forde intended to fund the purchase of a 40-acre (16 ha) property in southern Arizona, where she had intended to establish a base for her group's border operations.

On February 14, 2011, Forde was found guilty of all eight counts for which she was prosecuted: including two counts of the first-degree murder of Raul and Brisenia, one count of attempted first-degree murder of Gina Gonzalez, two counts of aggravated assault and one count each of burglary, armed robbery, and aggravated robbery. Forde's lawyer, Eric Larsen, had said that Forde was not in the house when Flores and his daughter were murdered, so she should not be found guilty. Prosecutors said Forde was with the two men who broke into the Flores' home, and Gonzalez testified she was there. Pima County Deputy County Attorney Rick Unklesbay said, "She didn't put a gun to Brisenia's head... but she was the one in charge. Because of that, you must hold her accountable."

Pima County Sheriff Clarence Dupnik said that Forde planned and ordered the murder of Raul Flores. Although Gonzalez did not pick Forde out of a police lineup, police found Forde in possession of Gonzalez's jewelry, including her wedding ring, during a search after Forde's arrest. Police also presented text messages sent through Forde's phone and recorded conversations between Forde and the other suspects. The prosecutor said Forde had planned the crime for months in meetings out-of-state. "Even if she didn't pull the trigger … make no mistake about it. She's the one who planned the events. She's the one who recruited people to do this", Unklesbay said. On February 22, 2011, a Tucson jury convicted Forde of both murders and sentenced her to death. She is one of three women out of 116 inmates on Arizona's death row.

### Albert Gaxiola

Albert Robert Gaxiola (born February 9, 1967), of Arivaca, Arizona, is believed to have provided intelligence about drug activities in the area to the M.A.D. Gaxiola had been imprisoned on marijuana charges from 1992 to 2000. Gaxiola was found guilty of the murders and sentenced to life without parole plus 54 years.

## In the media

The case has been featured on the Investigation Discovery program Deadly Women, appearing as the first story of the episode "Death Knock". True to the title of the program, the story is told from Forde's point of view.


Howe and Hummel

# Howe and Hummel

## Abstract

Howe and Hummel was a New York City law firm, celebrated in the latter half of the nineteenth century and principally renowned for its active involvement in the world of crime and corruption.

## The partners

The senior partner in the firm was William F. Howe (1828 – September 2, 1902), a corpulent UK -born and later naturalized American trial lawyer who had served 18 months in jail in Britain for false representation, and who was strongly suspected of possessing a more extensive criminal background. Prosecuted in 1874 by a pair of white slavers, William and Adelaide Beaumont, "who maintained that they had in some fashion been cheated by the partners",

Howe's background was gone into at some length by the Beaumonts' attorney, Thomas Dunphy. Howe was asked by Dunphy to tell the jury why he had left England. Howe's lawyer, ex-mayor A. Oakey Hall, objected on the ground that the question was immaterial. The objection was sustained. Howe was also asked if his license to practice medicine in England had been revoked. Hall again objected and was again sustained. The question may or may not have been material, but it seems unlikely that it would have been asked at all without some foundation... Some other questions of interest were put to Howe at the Beaumont trial. He was asked if he was the same person as the William Frederick Howe wanted for murder in England. He said that he was not. He was asked if he was the same person as the William Frederick Howe convicted of forgery in Brooklyn a few years earlier. He denied that he was that person.

In 1869, Howe made a partner of Abraham Hummel (July 27, 1850 – January 21, 1926), his former clerk and physical opposite, a runtish, rake-thin genius renowned for his ability to spot loopholes in the law.

## Criminal and civil practice

Howe handled most of the firm's criminal work, participating in more than 600 murder trials in the course of his fifty-year career and winning a large but unstated proportion of them. He was noted for his extravagant dress, favoring bright waistcoats and large jeweled rings—although he steadily dressed down as a capital trial progressed, invariably ending it in a funereal suit and black tie. He had a markedly florid rhetorical style, on one occasion delivering an entire summing-up, two hours, while on his knees before the jury box. One of his most remarked upon talents was an apparent ability to weep at will, although legal historian Sadakat Kadri notes that his frequent opponent Francis L. Wellman "suspected that he used an onion-scented handkerchief to get in the mood". The less extrovert but more intelligent Hummel specialized in civil law and ran the firm's thriving blackmail racket, representing chorus girls and thwarted lovers, threatening married men with exposure and well-off young bachelors with suits for breach of promise of marriage.

At its peak, operating from offices just across the road from NYPD headquarters on Centre Street, Howe and Hummel received fat retainers from a significant proportion of the criminals, brothel-keepers, and abortion care providers of New York. All 74 madams rounded up during a purity drive in 1884 named Howe and Hummel as their counsel, and at one time the firm represented 23 out of the 25 prisoners awaiting trial for murder in the city's Tombs prison and had an undeclared interest in the twenty-fourth.

Bill Howe's persuasive abilities were the stuff of legend. Perhaps his most notable achievement was to get a client, Ella Nelson, acquitted on a charge of willful murder. Howe admitted that the girl had been armed with a revolver, but successfully persuaded a jury that her trigger finger had accidentally slipped not just once, but four times in the course of an argument with her married lover.

Another of Howe's most spectacular defenses, according to the New York Tribune of 2 September 1902:

was his sudden turn in the trial of Edward Unger, who confessed that he had killed a lodger, cut up the body, thrown part in the East River, and sent the rest in a box to Baltimore. Mr Howe stupefied the courtroom by dramatically denying that Unger had done any of those things. He increased the surprise by asserting that Unger's little seven-year-old girl, at that moment on her father's knee, had done them. After tapping thus a wellspring of astonishment, Mr Howe turned the emotion dextrously into profound sympathy by explaining that it was the thought of the little girl which prompted Unger to conceal a deed done in the heat of passion. The jury convicted the confessed murderer of manslaughter only.

One of Howe's most notorious cases, however, may have been that of John Dolan, convicted in the murder of merchant James H. Noe. Despite a desperate legal battle to save his life, Dolan went to the gallows on April 21, 1875. New York Times coverage of the case, which riveted New York for several months, identifies one William F. Howe as Dolan's attorney. In a noticeable omission, it does not mention Dolan in its obituary for Howe.

Among Abe Hummel's most celebrated achievements was the discovery of an error in procedure that led to the release of 240 of the 300 prisoners on Blackwell's Island in a single day. On another occasion, the partners invoked a technicality that, had it been allowed, would have set free every prisoner awaiting trial, or recently convicted, of first degree murder in the State of New York, and made it impossible for the authorities to obtain further capital convictions for murder for a period of several months.

## Collapse of the firm

The final collapse of the firm came in 1907, five years after Howe's death, when Hummel was convicted in New York of suborning perjury, disbarred, and sentenced to a year in jail. After his release, Hummel left the United States and lived chiefly in Paris.

Howe and Hummel kept no records (the partners reportedly met at the end of each day and emptied their respective pockets onto the table and evenly divided the total pile), actively courted publicity (despite bar rules against lawyers advertising (which did not begin to be relaxed until the late 1960s), they maintained a full-sized billboard atop their offices), and were much discussed in their day among the members of the legal profession. As such, many of the stories told about them have the aura of tall tales. Nevertheless, their decades of effective practice suggest that the partners were among the most effective and innovative attorneys to practice in the United States during the nineteenth century.

Although nobody can deny a strong element of "sharp practice", including using suspect surprise witnesses in some trials, or suppressing adverse witness testimony by sending them out of state, all expenses paid, until the trial was over, there was genuine talent in the team, especially in the abilities of William Howe in court. A recent study of the 1897 murder of Willie Guldensuppe, and the 1898 trial of his killer Martin Thorne, gives clear proof of Howe's mastery of cross-examination. At the first trial of Thorne, his co-conspirator, Mrs. Augusta Nack, testified against Thorne. Howe's simple and direct cross-examination ripped her testimony apart on the stand, which led to the prosecution deciding not to use her again in a retrial. Nonetheless, even with Howe's efforts and skill, in the second trial Thorne was convicted and sentenced to be executed. Despite Howe's courtroom skills and Hummel's mastery of legal intricacies, it was ultimately the (mis)use of their talents that ultimately brought down the firm.

## General bibliography

### Books

- Collins, Paul (2011). The Murder of the Century: The Gilded Age Crime that Scandalized a City & Sparked the Tabloid Wars. New York: Crown Publishers.

- Kadri, Sadakat (2005). The Trial: A History, from Socrates to O.J. Simpson. New York: Random House.

- Morton, James (2001). Gangland: The Lawyers. London: Virgin.

- Murphy, Cait (2011). Scoundrels in Law: The Trials of Howe and Hummel, Lawyers to the Gangsters, Cops, Starlets, and Rakes Who Made the Gilded Age. New York: Harper.

- Rovere, Richard H. (1948). Howe and Hummel: Their True and Scandalous History. London: Michael Joseph.

- Train, Arthur (1908). True Stories of Crime From the District Attorney's Office. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

- Wellman, Francis L. (1924). Gentlemen of the Jury. New York: Macmillan.

### Articles

- "William F. Howe, Dean of Criminal Bar, Dead". The New York Times September 3, 1902, p. 9.

- "Decadence of New York's Criminal Bar". The New York Times, September 7, 1902, p. 34.

- . New York Herald, June 19, 1891, p. 3 & June 20, p. 4.


Boris Varga

# Boris Varga

## Abstract

Boris Varga (Serbian Cyrillic: Борис Варга; born 14 August 1993) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a defender for Bosnian Premier League club Sloga Meridian.

## Career

On 3 July 2022, Pyunik announced the signing of Varga. On 29 December 2022, Varga left Pyunik.


South Branch Valley Railroad

# South Branch Valley Railroad

## Abstract

The South Branch Valley Railroad (reporting mark SBVR) is a 52.4-mile-long (84.3 km) railroad in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. The branch line, which parallels the South Branch Potomac River, runs north from Petersburg to Green Spring, where it connects to the national rail network at a junction with the CSX Cumberland Subdivision.

The SBVR is owned and operated by the West Virginia State Rail Authority (SRA), who purchased it from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on October 11, 1978. The purchase made West Virginia the first state to both own and operate a commercial freight railroad. The SRA is headquartered along the SBVR in Moorefield.

Most of the SBVR—including its three bridges over the South Branch Potomac River—was destroyed by flooding in 1985. Despite talk of shutting down the railroad after the flood, reconstruction began two years later.

The SBVR is the host line for the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad, which is headquartered in Romney.

## History

### West Virginia Railroad Company

While the mainline of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had already been constructed through Hampshire County in the 1840s along the Potomac River, there existed no rail line linking with the South Branch Potomac River Valley. As early as 1875, a group of Kanawha County businessmen and entrepreneurs formed a company designated the West Virginia Railroad Company. The company's objective was to construct a railroad from the Kentucky border extending across the state to West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. The line's northern terminus was to be designated a location in close proximity to the South Branch along the Maryland border on the Potomac. Green Spring and South Branch Depot were considered as possible locations for the line's terminus. The company quickly obtained the authority to build its railroad across the state, especially because it would provide improved access to the Eastern Panhandle and Eastern Seaboard for southwestern West Virginia. The company, however, folded a few years later.

### Cumberland, Moorefield and Petersburg Railroad Company

Shortly after the West Virginia Railroad Company folded, businessmen and entrepreneurs in the South Branch Valley sought to take matters in their own hands and build a railroad from Petersburg to Green Spring on the B&O's mainline to Cumberland, Maryland and Martinsburg, West Virginia. This goal was reflected in the company's title: the Cumberland, Moorefield and Petersburg Railroad Company. The company's plans differed from the West Virginia Railroad's in that it planned on connecting Petersburg and not Franklin to the B&O mainline. It was also only concerned with connecting the South Branch Valley to the B&O mainline and not connecting it with the rest of the state. Like its predecessor, the company was unable to get the line built.

### South Branch Railroad Company

The line finally became a reality on September 1, 1884 when it was completed from Romney to Green Spring by the South Branch Railroad Company. The South Branch Railroad Company was another group of local entrepreneurs, including Speaker of the West Virginia House of Delegates Alexander W. Monroe, who were especially concerned with connecting Romney to the B&O mainline because of its key location along the Northwestern Turnpike (today's US 50). While the company intended to extend its railroad south to Petersburg via Moorefield, it did not occur until after the turn of the 20th century. Once again, the task would be up to the local citizens of Hampshire County.

### Hampshire Southern Railroad Company

In 1909, the Hampshire Southern Railroad Company led by William B. Cornwell (brother of Governor John J. Cornwell) of Romney began construction of its rail line south. The construction commenced from the Romney Depot north of town and then proceeded across the property of Valley View farm where a wooden trestle was then constructed across the South Branch. Once it reached the Northwestern Turnpike upstream, another station was opened as the West Romney Station near the mouth of Mill Creek. West Romney Station's post office was later referred to as Vanderlip in honor of a B&O executive following its purchase of Hampshire Southern. Hampshire Southern continued the construction of its line along the western bank of the South Branch through The Trough and into Hardy County. By 1910, the first trains providing freight and passenger service between Romney and Moorefield were in service and the line lay completed from Moorefield to Green Spring. Once the line's construction to Moorefield was fulfilled, Hampshire Southern soon sold the line to the Moorefield and Virginia Railroad Company in 1911.

### Moorefield and Virginia Railroad Company

Once the Moorefield and Virginia Railroad Company acquired the line, the remaining link to Petersburg was completed and the full length of the railroad's course in the South Branch Valley had been finished. William Cornwell, along with Eugene Ailes (son-in-law to John J. Cornwell), retained their interests in the railroad through their grantor company. After a brief ownership, Moorefield and Virginia transferred the line to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.

### Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company got a hold of the branch line in 1913. As part of the B&O, the line became known as the South Branch line. Initially its passenger service did well, especially in Hampshire County after schools in the county's western half were consolidated. Students from Green Spring, Springfield, and other points along the B&O line used the train to commute to Romney's senior high school. Passenger service was also popular with those from Petersburg and Moorefield because it allowed a faster and more convenient trip to Cumberland and Martinsburg. However, in the 1930s, the B&O did away with passenger service and focused on freight. The B&O abandoned the line completely in 1978. Out of concern for the region's economy and industries, the state of West Virginia purchased the line.

### South Branch Valley Railroad

The West Virginia State Rail Authority (SRA) purchased the line from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on October 11, 1978. Upon purchasing the B&O's South Branch line, West Virginia became the first state in the United States to both own and operate a commercial freight railroad. The state's ownership was almost short lived as a result of major flooding in the South Branch Valley in 1985. This flood destroyed most of the rail line, including all 3 bridges that crossed the South Branch Potomac River. Despite talk of discontinuing the railroad, re-construction began in 1987. With the completion of re-construction efforts on the railroad in 1989, rail service was once again available to the communities which it serves.

The rebirth of the railroad saw the arrival of the valley's Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad in 1991. Running from Romney's Wappocomo Station on West Virginia Route 28 at Wappocomo farm to Moorefield, the "Eagle" takes tourists on a sight-seeing excursion through the Trough. En route to the Trough, passengers view a number of historic sites, namely Valley View, Stoney Lonesome, Mill Meadow, the community of Vanderlip, the Nathaniel Kuykendall House, and other old plantations and farms that remain in the valley. While in the Trough, passengers view the bald eagles that have made their nesting grounds there, hence the train's name.

## Communities serviced

Communities are listed from the southern terminus of the SBVR to its northern terminus on the Potomac. Also included are the B&O's old railroad post and express offices that may or may not have had permanent residents.

### Grant County, West Virginia

- Petersburg

### Hardy County, West Virginia

- Durgon

- Taylor

- Moorefield

- Cunningham

- Mapleton

- McNeill

- Sycamore

### Hampshire County, West Virginia

- Wickham

- Sector (Post Office)/ Glebe Station

- Pancake

- Johnson

- Vanderlip (Post Office)/West Romney Station

- Valley /Romney Depot

- Vance

- Wappocomo

- Ridgedale George W. Washington's farm and its staff

- Ritters

- Grace

- Springfield

- Donaldson

- Millen

- Green Spring


Sofia Blokhin

# Sofia Blokhin

## Abstract

Sofia Blokhin (born 27 March 2006) is an Estonian chess player who holds the title of Woman FIDE Master. In 2019 she won the Estonian Women Chess Championship.

## Biography

Sofia Blokhin twice in row won Estonian Girls Chess Championships in U18 age group. In 2022 she won two bronze medals in World Youth Rapid and Blitz Chess Championships among U16 age group girls. In 2023 she won European Youth Rapid Championship in girls U18 age group.

In the 2019 Estonian Chess Championship, she was the best among women and became the Estonian Women's Chess Champion.

In 2021 and 2022 she won silver medal in Estonian Women Chess Championships.

In 2024 she won Estonian Women's Blitz Championship and Estonian U20 Girls Chess Championship.

Sofia Blokhin played for Estonia in the Women's Chess Olympiads:

- In 2022, at reserve board in the 44th Chess Olympiad (women) in Chennai (+3, =5, -1).

Sofia Blokhin played for Estonia in the European Women's Team Chess Championships:

- In 2023, at reserve board in the 15th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Budva (+2, =0, -2).


ComfyUI

# ComfyUI

## Abstract

ComfyUI is an open source, node-based, generative artificial intelligence program that allows users to generate images from a series of text prompts. It uses free diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion as the base model for its image capabilities combined with other tools such as ControlNet and LCM Low-rank adaptation with each tool being a node in the program.

## History

ComfyUI was released on GitHub in January 2023. According to comfyanonymous, the creator, a major goal of the project was to improve on existing software designs in terms of the user interface. The creator had been involved with Stability AI but by 3 June 2024 that involvement had ended and an organization called Comfy Org had been created along with the core developers. In July 2024, Nvidia announced support for ComfyUI within its RTX Remix modding software. In August 2024. support was added for the FLUX diffusion model developed by Black Forest Labs. As of September 2024, the project has 50.6k stars on GitHub.

## Features

ComfyUI ' s main feature is that it is node based. Each node has a function such as "load a model" or "write a prompt". A default node group is also included with the program. When a prompt is queued, a highlighted frame appears around the currently executing node, starting from "load checkpoint" and ending with the final image and its save location. Workflows can be saved to a file, allowing users to re-use node workflows and share them with other users. The file format for the workflows is in JSON and can be embedded in the generated images. Users have also created custom extensions to the base system such as for AnimateDiff, which aims to create videos. ComfyUI has been described as more complex compared to other diffusion UIs such as Automatic1111.

## LLMVision extension compromise

In June 2024, a hacker group called "Nullbulge" compromised an extension of ComfyUI to add malicious code to it. The compromised extension, called ComfyUI_LLMVISION, was used for integrating the interface with AI language models GPT-4 and Claude 3, and was hosted on GitHub. Nullbulge hosted a list of hundreds of ComfyUI users' login details across multiple services on its website, while users of the extension reported receiving numerous login notifications. vpnMentor conducted security research on the extension and claimed it could "steal crypto wallets, screenshot the user’s screen, expose device information and IP addresses, and steal files that contain certain keywords or extensions".

Nullbulge's website claims they targeted users who committed "one of our sins", which included AI-art generation, art theft, promoting cryptocurrency, and any other kind of theft from artists such as from Patreon. They claimed that they were "a collective of individuals who believe in the importance of protecting artists' rights and ensuring fair compensation for their work" and that they believed that "AI-generated artwork is detrimental to the creative industry and should be discouraged".


Patrick Schwarzenegger

# Patrick Schwarzenegger

## Abstract

Patrick Arnold Shriver Schwarzenegger (born September 18, 1993) is an American actor and model.

## Early life and education

Schwarzenegger was born at Providence St John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California, and raised in Los Angeles, California. He is the oldest son of author and journalist Maria Shriver and Austrian-born bodybuilder, actor, and former Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger. Schwarzenegger has two older sisters, Katherine and Christina, a younger brother, Christopher, and a younger paternal half-brother, Joseph Baena. He holds dual Austrian-American citizenship, speaks English and a little German, and regularly visits Austria. He is a cousin of Patrick M. Knapp Schwarzenegger.

While studying at Brentwood High School, Schwarzenegger took private acting lessons with Nancy Banks. In 2012, he matriculated at the University of Southern California, and graduated from the USC Marshall School of Business with a minor in Cinematic Arts in May 2016. He was part of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

## Career

### Acting

At the age of ten, Schwarzenegger had a small role in the film The Benchwarmers. Throughout his childhood, he practiced acting with his father, and through his young adult years, he studied theater at USC while taking acting classes weekly at Nancy Banks Studio. At 15 year old, he started a clothing line.

In the following years, Schwarzenegger had supporting roles in 2012's Stuck in Love, 2013's Grown Ups 2 and 2015's Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse. His first leading role was opposite Bella Thorne in 2018's Midnight Sun, a romantic drama about a teenage girl with a rare medical condition. His performance in the 2019 horror Daniel Isn't Real. In 2020, Schwarzenegger had a role in Echo Boomers, then in 2021, he went to star in Netflix's comedy-drama coming-of-age film Moxie.

In 2022, Schwarzenegger had a role in the HBO true crime mini-series, The Staircase, alongside Colin Firth and Toni Collette. In 2023, Schwarzenegger portrayed Luke Riordan / Golden Boy, a young man with superpowers described as "a 22-year-old big name on campus who possesses thermonuclear power and pure charisma.", in the first season of The Boys spin-off series Gen V, on Prime Video, playing a recurring role.

### Other ventures

In 2011 and 2012, Schwarzenegger interned for Academy Award-nominated producer, John Davis. Schwarzenegger went on to franchise his own Blaze Pizza locations, including one at USC while he was a student there, and one at The Grove in Los Angeles. Schwarzenegger later sold his Blaze Pizza shares and began investing in young entrepreneurs who were creating companies to meet the demand for healthier food and beverage alternatives. Schwarzenegger's other investments include electrolyte drink mix company Liquid I.V., protein coffee brand Super Coffee, and vegan chicken company Nuggs.

In 2020, Schwarzenegger and his mother, who is an advocate for people living with Alzheimer's, created brain nutrition and wellness brand MOSH. The company, whose name stands for Maria Owings Shriver Health, officially launched on World Alzheimer's Day. Jonathan Jarry at the Office for Science and Society pointed out the ingredients used in the MOSH bar do not conclusively improve brain health.

## Personal life

Schwarzenegger dated singer and actress Miley Cyrus from 2014 to 2015. Since 2015, he has been in a relationship with model Abby Champion and on December 26, 2023, they announced their engagement.

## Filmography


Marin Bosiočić

# Marin Bosiočić

## Abstract

Marin Bosiočić (born August 8, 1988) is a Croatian chess grandmaster.


2024 Primera Nacional

# 2024 Primera Nacional

## Abstract

The 2024 Argentine Primera Nacional, is the 40th season of the Primera Nacional, the second-tier competition of Argentine football. The season began on 2 February and is scheduled to end on 7 December 2024. Thirty-eight teams compete in the league, thirty-three of which took part in the 2023 season, along with two teams relegated from Primera División, one team promoted from Torneo Federal A and two teams promoted from Primera B Metropolitana.

## Format

For this season, the competition is played under a format similar to the one used in the last season, with the thirty-eight participating teams being split into two zones of 19 teams each, where they will play against the other teams in their group twice: once at home and once away, additionally, each team will play two interzonal matches against its rival team, which was drawn into the other zone. Teams from the same city or nearby cities were also paired together and drawn into different zones. Both zone winners will play a final match on neutral ground to decide the first promoted team to the Liga Profesional for the 2025 season, while the teams placed from second to eighth place in each zone will play a knockout tournament (Torneo Reducido) for the second promotion berth along with the loser of the final between the zone winners, which will enter the Reducido in the second round. The teams placing last in each zone will be relegated at the end of the season, with a third relegated team slated to be decided in a playoff match between the sides placing second-from-bottom in each group.

Similar to previous seasons, 15 Primera Nacional teams will qualify for the 2025 Copa Argentina, those being the top seven teams of each zone plus the best eighth-placed one.

## Club information

### Stadia and locations

## Zone A

### Results

## Zone B

### Results

## Interzonal matches

## Copa Argentina qualification

Fifteen Primera Nacional teams will qualify for the round of 32 of the 2025 Copa Argentina, which will be the top seven teams of each zone and the best eighth-placed team at the end of the season, which will be selected according to points, goal difference, goals scored, and a drawing of lots if needed.

### Ranking of eighth-placed teams

## Season statistics

### Top scorers


Lucas Brunner

# Lucas Brunner

## Abstract

Lucas Brunner (born 29 May 1967) is a Swiss chess grandmaster. He was Swiss Chess Champion in 1994.

## Chess career

Brunner was born in Bern on 29 May 1967. He moved to West Germany as a child, where he won the German U20 Chess Championship and earned his international master title in 1986. He returned to Switzerland in 1990 and became the first Swiss-born grandmaster when he achieved the title in 1994. He also won the Swiss Chess Championship that year. He is the No. 9 ranked Swiss player as of February 2018.


Gunther Gerzso

# Gunther Gerzso

## Abstract

Gunther Gerzso (June 17, 1915 – April 21, 2000) was a Mexican painter, designer and director and screenwriter for film and theatre.

## Biography

Gerzso was born in Mexico City, in the times of the Revolution. His parents were Oscar Gerzso (Hungarian: Gerzsó Oszkár), a Hungarian immigrant, and Dore Wendland, German by birth. After his father's death a few months after Gunther was born, his mother married a German jeweler. The economic crisis during the revolution caused the family to flee to Europe in 1922. The family returned to Mexico two years later and her mother divorced. Not being able to provide for the children, she sent Gunther to Lugano, Switzerland to live with his uncle Dr. Hans Wendland, who was an influential name in the art world. Gunther, then a teenager, met Paul Klee and lived among his uncle's collection of paintings which included works by Pierre Bonnard, Rembrandt, Paul Cézanne, Eugène Delacroix and Titian. During his time in Lugano, he also met Nando Tamberlani, noted set designer who would introduce him to the world of theater.

In 1931, due to the impact of the Great Depression in Europe, Dr. Wendland sent the boy back to his mother in Mexico City. Back home he started doing sketches for set designs and writing plays influenced by Mr. Tamberlani. Two years later he started working in a local theater production company run by Fernando Wagner. In 1935 he was offered a scholarship to study at the Cleveland Play House where he made more than 50 set designs over the course of four years. During the 1940s and '50s he made various set designs for Mexican, French and American films. He won a total of five Premios Ariel (The Mexican Equivalent of the Oscars) for Best Production Design as well as two more honorary Ariel Awards in 1994 and 2000. During this time he collaborated with directors like Emilio "El Indio" Fernández in Un Día de Vida (1950), Luis Buñuel in Susana (1951), Una Mujer sin Amor (1952) and El rio y la muerte (1955), Yves Allégret in Les Orgueilleux (1953), and John Huston in Under the Volcano (1984).

In the late 1930s Gerzso also started painting as a hobby. The steady parade of beautiful actresses and interesting people he met in show business provided him with a great inspiration for his canvases which showed a mix of European and Mexican influences. His friend, Bernard Pfriem, convinced him to enter the annual Art Exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art where two of his works were selected. It was then that Gunther Gerzso started considering himself a painter more than a set designer. In 1941 Gerzso and his wife moved permanently to Mexico City and in 1944 he joined a group of surrealist painters that had taken refuge from the Second World War in Mexico. These artists were Benjamin Péret, Leonora Carrington, Remedios Varo, Alice Rahon and Wolfgang Paalen. His works from this period show a clear surrealist influence, which he later abandoned when he started working his famous abstracts.

According to Octavio Paz, Gunther Gerzso was one of the greatest Latin American painters, since it was he, along with Carlos Mérida and Rufino Tamayo, who opposed the ideologist aesthetic movement into which muralism had degenerated.

Gunther Gerzso was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1973 and later in 1978 he was the recipient of the Premio Nacional de Bellas Artes. Gunther Gerzso died on April 21, 2000.

## Selected filmography

- The Shadow of the Bridge (1948)

- A Family Like Many Others (1949)

- Confessions of a Taxi Driver (1949)

- The Magician (1949)

- They Say I'm a Communist (1951)

- The Atomic Fireman (1952)

- The Photographer (1953)

- The Price of Living (1954)

- The River and Death (1955)

- To the Four Winds (1955)

- The King of Mexico (1956)

- El ataúd del Vampiro (1958)

- Sonatas (1959)


Safwan Mazlan

# Safwan Mazlan

## Abstract

Muhammad Safwan bin Mazlan (born 22 February 2002) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays primarily as a centre back or a left back for Malaysia Football League club Terengganu and the Malaysia national team.

## International career

Safwan made his debut for the Malaysia national team on 6 June 2024 in a 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Kyrgyzstan at the Dolen Omurzakov Stadium. He played the full match as it ended in a 1–1 draw.

## Honours

Malaysia U22

- Merlion Cup: 2023

Terengganu FC

- Malaysia Cup runner-up: 2023

- Malaysia Charity Shield runner-up: 2023


Borislav Jovanović (footballer)

# Borislav Jovanović (footballer)

## Abstract

Borislav (Boki) Jovanović (Serbian: Борислав Јовановић, born 16 August 1986) is a professional Serbian football player.

He moved to Ergotelis from Serbian club FK Inđija on 1 June 2011.