1995 NHL entry draft

# 1995 NHL entry draft

## Abstract

The 1995 NHL entry draft was the 33rd NHL entry draft. It was held at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta. The drafting order was now set partially by a lottery system whereby teams would not be guaranteed first pick if they finished last. Instead, a draft lottery was instituted in which the winner of the lottery could move up a maximum of four spots in the first-round draft order, meaning only the five worst teams, based on regular season points in a given season, could pick first in the draft, and no team in the non-playoff group could move down more than one place. The Los Angeles Kings won the lottery, and thus moved up four spots from seventh to third. The last-place finishers, the Ottawa Senators did not lose the first overall pick through the lottery and picked Bryan Berard. The first three selections were all defencemen. The top two picks swapped teams in a trade the following year.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Jarome Iginla and Shane Doan, who both played their last NHL games in the 2016–17 season.

## Selections by round

Club teams are located in North America unless otherwise noted.

### Round one

- Hartford's first-round pick went to Boston as the result of a trade on August 26, 1994 that sent Glen Wesley to Hartford in exchange for first-round picks of the 1996 entry draft and the 1997 entry draft along with this pick.

- The Rangers' first-round pick went to Hartford as the result of a trade on March 23, 1995 that sent Pat Verbeek to the Rangers in exchange for Glen Featherstone, Michael Stewart, a fourth-round in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.

- Vancouver's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Alexander Mogilny and a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Vancouver in exchange for Michael Peca, Mike Wilson and this pick.

- Washington acquired this pick with first-round picks in the 1991 entry draft, 1992 entry draft, 1993 entry draft and 1994 entry draft as compensation on July 16, 1990 after St. Louis signed free agent Scott Stevens.

### Round two

- Montreal's second-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Stephan Quintal to Montreal in exchange for this pick.

- Toronto's second-round pick went to the Islanders as the result of a trade on June 28, 1994 that sent the Islanders' third-round pick in the 1994 entry draft to Toronto in exchange for this pick.

- Pittsburgh's second-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on July 29, 1994 that sent Luc Robitaille to Pittsburgh in exchange for Rick Tocchet and this pick.

### Round three

- The Islanders' third-round pick went to Toronto as the result of a trade on April 6, 1995 that sent Eric Fichaud to the Islanders in exchange for Benoit Hogue, a fifth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.

- Winnipeg's third-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on May 25, 1994 that sent Sheldon Kennedy to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.

- Chicago's third-round pick went to Vancouver as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Gerald Diduck to Chicago in exchange for Bogdan Savenko and this pick. Chicago previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Hartford on March 11, 1993 that sent the Frantisek Kucera and Jocelyn Lemieux to Hartford in exchange for Randy Cunneyworth, Gary Suter and this pick.

- Toronto's third-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Tie Domi to Toronto in exchange for Mike Eastwood and this pick.

- Winnipeg's third-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent a second-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick. Winnipeg previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Mike Eagles and Igor Ulanov to Washington in exchange for a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick.

- Chicago's third-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on June 3, 1994 that sent Neil Wilkinson to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick. Chicago's third-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994 that sent Paul Ysebaert to Chicago in exchange for this pick.

- Philadelphia's third-round pick went to Montreal as the result of a trade on February 9, 1995 that sent Eric Desjardins, Gilbert Dionne and John LeClair to Philadelphia in exchange for Mark Recchi and this pick.

- Detroit's third-round pick went to New Jersey as the result of a trade on April 3, 1995 that sent Vyacheslav Fetisov to Detroit in exchange for this pick.

### Round four

- Ottawa's fourth-round pick went to New Jersey as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Jaroslav Modry to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.

- The Islanders' fourth-round pick went to Florida as the result of a trade on March 3, 1995 that sent Brent Severyn to the Islanders in exchange for this pick.

- Anaheim's fourth-round pick went to Quebec as the result of a trade on February 20, 1994 that sent John Tanner to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.

- Anaheim's fourth-round pick went to Chicago as the result of a trade on July 12, 1994 that sent Robert Dirk to Anaheim in exchange for this pick. Anaheim previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Tampa Bay on June 29, 1994 that sent a third-round pick in 1994 entry draft to Anaheim in exchange for a third-round pick in 1994 entry draft and this pick.

- Los Angeles' fourth-round pick went to Hartford as the result of a trade on May 31, 1995 that sent Jan Vopat to Los Angeles in exchange for this pick.

- Florida's fourth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on January 6, 1994 that sent Bob Kudelski to Florida in exchange for Evgeny Davydov, Scott Levins, a sixth-round pick in the 1994 entry draft and this pick. Florida previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade with Dallas on December 16, 1993 that sent Jim McKenzie to Dallas in exchange for a fourth-round pick in 1994 entry draft or 1995 entry draft (this pick).

- Toronto's fourth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on February 10, 1995 that sent Warren Rychel to Toronto in exchange for this pick.

- Philadelphia's fourth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on September 6, 1994 that sent Alex Selivanov to Tampa Bay in exchange for this pick. Philadelphia's fourth-round pick went to Tampa Bay as the result of a trade on March 18, 1994 that sent Rob DiMaio to Philadelphia in exchange for Jim Cummins and this pick.

- Colorado's fourth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Bill Huard to Quebec in exchange for rights to Mika Stromberg and this pick. Quebec relocated to Denver to become the Colorado Avalanche after the 1994–95 NHL season.

### Round five

- Ottawa's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on January 18, 1995 that sent Don Beaupre to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.

- Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994, that sent Joe Reekie to Washington in exchange for Enrico Ciccone and a conditional fifth round pick (this pick). Conditions of this draft pick are unknown. Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on October 22, 1993 that sent Pat Elynuik to Tampa Bay in exchange for a conditional fifth round pick (this pick). Conditions of this draft pick are unknown. Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick was re-acquired as the result of a trade on January 28, 1993, that sent Basil McRae, Doug Crossman and a fourth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft to St. Louis in exchange for Jason Ruff, Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick in 1994 entry draft, sixth-round pick in 1996 entry draft and this pick. Tampa Bay's fifth-round pick went to St. Louis as the result of a trade on June 19, 1992 that sent Pat Jablonski, Darin Kimble, Rob Robinson and Steve Tuttle to Tampa Bay in exchange for Tampa Bay's fourth-round pick in the 1994 entry draft, a sixth-round pick in the 1996 entry draft and this pick.

- Winnipeg's fifth-round pick went to the Rangers as the result of a trade on June 7, 1995 that sent Ed Olczyk to Winnipeg in exchange for this pick.

- Los Angeles' fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on February 14, 1995 that sent Philippe Boucher, Grant Fuhr and Denis Tsygurov to Los Angeles in exchange for Charlie Huddy, Robb Stauber, Alexei Zhitnik and this pick.

- Dallas' fifth-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on June 7, 1995 that sent Jeff Mitchell to Dallas in exchange for this pick. Dallas previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Russ Courtnall to Vancouver in exchange for Greg Adams, Dan Kesa and this pick.

- Toronto's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on February 2, 1993 that sent Dave Andreychuk, Daren Puppa and Buffalo's first-round pick in the 1993 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Grant Fuhr and this pick.

- Buffalo's fifth-round pick went to Vancouver as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995 that sent Michael Peca, Mike Wilson and a first-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Alexander Mogilny and this pick.

- Washington's fifth-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Mike Eagles and Igor Ulanov to Washington in exchange for a third-round pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick.

- Chicago's fifth-round pick went to Buffalo as the result of a trade on October 26, 1993 that sent Keith Carney and a sixth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Chicago in exchange for Craig Muni and this pick.

- Calgary's fifth-round pick went to Washington as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Rick Tabaracci to Calgary in exchange for this pick.

- Boston's fifth-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on January 17, 1994 that sent Vincent Riendeau to Boston in exchange for this pick.

- Philadelphia's fifth-round pick went to Detroit as the result of a trade on September 9, 1993 that sent Stewart Malgunas to Philadelphia in exchange for this pick.

- Detroit's fifth-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on February 27, 1995 that sent Bob Errey to Detroit in exchange for this pick.

### Round six

- The Islanders' sixth-round pick went to Philadelphia as the result of a trade on September 22, 1994 that sent Tommy Soderstrom to the Islanders in exchange for Ron Hextall and this pick.

- Edmonton's sixth-round pick went to Philadelphia as the result of a trade on March 13, 1995 that sent Ryan McGill to Edmonton in exchange for Brad Zavisha and this pick.

- Hartford's sixth-round pick went to Toronto as the result of a trade on January 25, 1994 that sent Ted Crowley to Hartford in exchange for Mark Greig and this pick.

- Florida's sixth-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Gaetan Duchesne to Florida in exchange for this pick.

- Buffalo's sixth-round pick went to Chicago as the result of a trade on October 26, 1993 that sent Craig Muni and a fifth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Buffalo in exchange for Keith Carney and this pick.

- St. Louis' sixth-round pick (# 153 overall) was re-acquired as the result of a trade on July 8, 1995, that sent a sixth-round pick (# 149 overall) in the 1995 entry draft to Anaheim in exchange for this pick. St. Louis' sixth-round pick went to Anaheim as the result of a trade on March 21, 1993 that sent Alexei Kasatonov to St. Louis in exchange for Maxim Bets and this pick.

### Round seven

- Ottawa's seventh-round pick went to Los Angeles as the result of a trade on June 25, 1994 that sent Jim Paek to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.

- Dallas' seventh-round pick went to San Jose as the result of a trade on March 19, 1994 that sent Mike Lalor and Doug Zmolek to Dallas in exchange for Ulf Dahlen and this pick.

- Washington's seventh-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on March 21, 1994 that sent Jim Johnson to Washington in exchange for Alan May and this pick.

### Round eight

- Boston's eight-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Craig Billington to Boston in exchange for this pick.. Boston previously acquired this pick as the result of a trade on February 10, 1995 that sent Paul Stanton to the Islanders in exchange for this pick.

- Los Angeles' eighth-round pick went to Winnipeg as the result of a trade on March 27, 1995 that sent Arto Blomsten to Los Angeles in exchange for a conditional pick in the 1995 entry draft and this pick. Conditions of the draft pick are unknown and no pick was taken.

- Calgary's eighth-round pick went to Dallas as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Alan May to Calgary in exchange for this pick.

### Round nine

- Ottawa's ninth-round pick went to St. Louis as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent Daniel Laperriere and a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Ottawa in exchange for this pick.

- Anaheim's ninth-round pick went to the Islanders as the result of a trade on August 31, 1994 that sent Darren Van Impe to Anaheim in exchange for this pick.

- Calgary's ninth-round pick went to Colorado as the result of a trade on July 7, 1995 that sent David Ling and a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Calgary in exchange for this pick.

- St. Louis' ninth-round pick went to Ottawa as the result of a trade on April 7, 1995 that sent a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to St. Louis in exchange for Daniel Laperriere and this pick.

- Colorado's ninth-round pick went to Calgary as the result of a trade on July 7, 1995 that sent a ninth-round pick in the 1995 entry draft to Calgary in exchange for David Ling and this pick.


Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman

# Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman

## Abstract

Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman (French: Don Juan ou Si Don Juan était une femme...) is a 1973 erotic drama film directed by Roger Vadim. It sees Vadim reunite with his leading lady and ex-wife Brigitte Bardot for their fifth film together. Bardot achieved international stardom and Vadim got his break when he directed her in the 1956 film And God Created Woman.

## Premise

Jeanne believes she is the reincarnation of Don Juan and prides herself in the destruction of men who have fallen for her charms. She confesses murder to her cousin, a priest named Paul, to whom she also frankly details her past sexual encounters.

## Cast

- Brigitte Bardot as Jeanne

- Robert Hossein as Louis Prévost

- Mathieu Carrière as Paul

- Michèle Sand as Léporella

- Robert Walker Jr. as the guitarist

- Jane Birkin as Clara

- Maurice Ronet as Pierre Gonzague

## Production

Vadim said in an interview after the film came out:

My attitude to women is accepted today in a way that it wasn't when I started out as director. But today women overreact – they pretend to be free on an intellectual and sexual level but because of our Christian traditions sex is always associated with guilt. Now however it's possible for a woman to have the same relationship with sex as a man – a man who is a lover can be a Don Juan whereas women like that were always considered whores or femmes faciles (easy women). But I think a woman can be free without being a whore. A female Don Juan can exist nowadays without a sense of guilt.

He later elaborated:

Don Juan is the end of a period – problems about love and sex, cruelty and romanticism on an aesthetic level – and I wanted to finish that period with Brigitte because I started with her as a director (And God Created Woman). Underneath what people call "the Bardot myth" was something interesting, even though she was never considered the most professional actress in the world. For years, since she has been growing older, and the Bardot myth has become just a souvenir, I wanted to work with Brigitte. I was curious in her as a woman and I had to get to the end of something with her, to get out of her and express many things I felt were in her. Brigitte always gave the impression of sexual freedom – she is a completely open and free person, without any aggression. So I gave her the part of a man – that amused me.

Vadim said he was attracted to the character of Don Juan was "the sense of defiance on every level. Its someone who refuses to be involved in any system. In the film it's a woman who defies men – and I do the film like the character – against all the rules." Vadim says he deliberately pulled back on the sex scenes. "I was interested in the idea of seduction, not what happened in bed – though I would love to make a documentary on how they fucked."

Jane Birkin plays the role of a woman who falls in love with Brigitte Bardot's character. "I accepted immediately just to be in bed with Bardot", said Birkin later. "She's the most utterly perfect woman. There's not a fault. God knows, I looked. Even her feet are pretty."

"If there's homosexuality between men, they have to be queer", said Vadim. "But women can have relationships with other women without being dykes. Brigitte seduced this girl to hit the man, and the girl is enchanted not to be treated as a sex object for once in her life."

"If Don Juan is not my last movie, it will be my next to last", said Bardot during filming.

## Reception

The film received poor reviews in France.

The Guardian wrote that the film "like so many of his films, has some beautiful photography and slick editing but few plausible scenes. Incapable of creating an illusion, Vadim is eminently capable of creating an illusion of creativity." "It stinks" said another review for the same paper.

"I have seen as much passion, and almost as much flesh, at the Test match ", wrote The Observer.

David Thomson, in his Biographical History of Film, felt that there was "awful sadness" in Bardot's appearance.


Femme fatale

# Femme fatale

## Abstract

A femme fatale (/ ˌ f ɛ m f ə ˈ t æ l, - ˈ t ɑː l / FEM fə- TA(H)L, French:; lit. ' fatal woman '), sometimes called a maneater, Mata Hari, or vamp, is a stock character of a mysterious, beautiful, and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, deadly traps. She is an archetype of literature and art. Her ability to enchant, entice and hypnotize her victim with a spell was in the earliest stories seen as verging on supernatural; hence, the femme fatale today is still often described as having a power akin to an enchantress, seductress, witch, having power over men. Femmes fatales are typically villainous, or at least morally ambiguous, and always associated with a sense of mystification, and unease.

The term originates from the French phrase femme fatale, which means 'deadly woman' or 'lethal woman'. A femme fatale tries to achieve her hidden purpose by using feminine wiles such as beauty, charm, or sexual allure. In many cases, her attitude towards sexuality is lackadaisical, intriguing, or frivolous. In some cases, she uses lies or coercion rather than charm. She may also make use of some subduing weapon such as sleeping gas, a modern analog of magical powers in older tales. She may also be (or imply that she is) a victim, caught in a situation from which she cannot escape.

In early 20th-century American films, a femme fatale character was referred to as a vamp, a reference to The Vampire, Philip Burne-Jones 's 1897 painting, and Rudyard Kipling 's later 1897 poem, and the 1909 play and 1915 film A Fool There Was.

Female mobsters (including Italian-American Mafia or Russian Mafia) have been portrayed as femmes fatales in films noir. Femmes fatales appear in James Bond films.

## History

### Ancient archetypes

The femme fatale archetype exists in the culture, folklore and myths of many cultures. Ancient mythical or legendary examples include Inanna, Lilith, Circe, Medea, Clytemnestra, Lesbia, Tamamo no Mae, and Visha Kanyas. Historical examples from classical times include Cleopatra and Messalina, as well as the biblical figures Delilah, Jezebel, and Salome. An example from Chinese literature and traditional history is Daji.

### Early Western culture to the 19th century

The femme fatale was a common figure in the European Middle Ages, often portraying the dangers of unbridled female sexuality. The pre-medieval inherited biblical figure of Eve offers an example, as does the wicked, seductive enchantress typified in Morgan le Fay. The Queen of the Night in Mozart's The Magic Flute shows her more muted presence during the Age of Enlightenment.

The femme fatale flourished in the Romantic period in the works of John Keats, notably " La Belle Dame sans Merci " and " Lamia ". Along with them, there rose the gothic novel The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis, featuring Matilda, a very powerful femme fatale. This led to her appearing in the work of Edgar Allan Poe, and as the vampire, notably in Carmilla and Brides of Dracula. The Monk was greatly admired by the Marquis de Sade, for whom the femme fatale symbolised not evil, but all the best qualities of women; his novel Juliette is perhaps the earliest wherein the femme fatale triumphs. Pre-Raphaelite painters frequently used the classic personifications of the femme fatale as a subject.

In the Western culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the femme fatale became a more fashionable trope, and she is found in the paintings of the artists Edvard Munch, Gustav Klimt, Franz von Stuck, and Gustave Moreau. The novel À rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans includes these fevered imaginings about an image of Salome in a Moreau painting:

No longer was she merely the dancing-girl who extorts a cry of lust and concupiscence from an old man by the lascivious contortions of her body; who breaks the will, masters the mind of a King by the spectacle of her quivering bosoms, heaving belly and tossing thighs; she was now revealed in a sense as the symbolic incarnation of world-old Vice, the goddess of immortal Hysteria, the Curse of Beauty supreme above all other beauties by the cataleptic spasm that stirs her flesh and steels her muscles, – a monstrous Beast of the Apocalypse, indifferent, irresponsible, insensible, poisoning.

In 1891, Oscar Wilde, in his play Salome: she manipulates her lust-crazed stepfather, King Herod, with her enticing Dance of the Seven Veils (Wilde's invention) to agree to her imperious demand: "bring me the head of John the Baptist ". Later, Salome was the subject of an opera by Strauss, and was popularized on stage, screen, and peep show booths in countless incarnations.

She also is seen as a prominent figure in late 19th- and 20th-century opera, appearing in Richard Wagner 's Parsifal (Kundry), Georges Bizet 's " Carmen ", Camille Saint-Saëns ' " Samson et Delilah " and Alban Berg 's " Lulu " (based on the plays " Erdgeist " and " Die Büchse der Pandora " by Frank Wedekind).

Other considerably famous femmes fatales include Isabella of France, Hedda Gabler of Kristiania (now Oslo), Marie Antoinette of Austria, and, most famously, Lucrezia Borgia.

### 20th-century genres

#### Early 20th century

Mrs Patrick Campbell, George Bernard Shaw 's "second famed platonic love affair", (she published some of his letters) and Philip Burne-Jones 's lover and subject of his 1897 painting, The Vampire, inspired Burne-Jones's cousin Rudyard Kipling to write his poem "The Vampire", in the year Dracula was published. The poem, which began: "A fool there was...", inspired Porter Emerson Browne to write the play, A Fool There Was.

The poem was adapted to become a 1909 Broadway production. This was followed by The 1913 film The Vampire by Robert Vignola, containing a "vamp" dance. Protagonist Alice Hollister was publicised as "the original vampire". The 1915 film, A Fool There Was, starring Theda Bara, as "The Vamp" followed. The short poem may have been used in the publicity for the 1915 film. 1910s American slang for femme fatale was vamp, for vampire.

Another icon is Margaretha Geertruida Zelle. While working as an exotic dancer, she took the stage name Mata Hari. She was accused of German espionage during World War I and was put to death by a French firing squad. After her death she became the subject of many sensational films and books.

Femmes fatales appear in detective fiction, especially in its 'hard-boiled' sub-genre which largely originated with the crime stories of Dashiell Hammett in the 1920s. At the end of that decade, the French-Canadian villainess Marie de Sabrevois gave a contemporary edge to the otherwise historical novels of Kenneth Roberts set during the American Revolution.

Film villainess often appeared foreign, often of Eastern European or Asian ancestry. They were a contrast to the wholesome personas of actresses such as Lillian Gish and Mary Pickford. Notable silent-cinema vamps include Theda Bara, Helen Gardner, Louise Glaum, Valeska Suratt, Musidora, Virginia Pearson, Olga Petrova, Rosemary Theby, Nita Naldi, Pola Negri, Estelle Taylor, Jetta Goudal, and, in early appearances, Myrna Loy.

#### Classic film noir era

During the era of classic film-noirs of the 1940s and 1950s, the femme fatale flourished in American cinema. The archetypal femme fatale is Phyllis Dietrichson, played by Barbara Stanwyck (who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for this role) in the 1944 film Double Indemnity. This character is considered one of the best femme fatale roles in film noir history. The character was ranked as the #8 film villain of the first 100 years of American cinema by the American Film Institute in the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains. In a classical film noir trope, she manipulates a man into killing her husband for financial gain.

Other examples of femme fatale include Brigid O'Shaughnessy, portrayed by Mary Astor, who murders Sam Spade's partner in The Maltese Falcon (1941); manipulative narcissistic daughter Veda (portrayed by Ann Blyth) in Mildred Pierce who exploits her indulgent mother Mildred (portrayed by Joan Crawford) and fatally destroys her mother's remarriage to stepfather Monte Barragon (portrayed by Zachary Scott); Gene Tierney as Ellen Brent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven (1945), and the cabaret singer portrayed by Rita Hayworth in Gilda (1946), narcissistic wives who manipulate their husbands; Ava Gardner in The Killers and Cora (Lana Turner) in The Postman Always Rings Twice, based on novels by Ernest Hemingway and James M. Cain respectively, manipulate men into killing their husbands. In the Hitchcock film The Paradine Case (1947), Alida Valli 's character causes the deaths of two men and the near destruction of another. Another frequently cited example is the character Jane played by Lizabeth Scott in Too Late for Tears (1949); during her quest to keep some dirty money from its rightful recipient and her husband, she uses poison, lies, sexual teasing and a gun to keep men wrapped around her finger. Jane Greer remains notable as a murderous femme fatale using her wiles on Robert Mitchum in Out of the Past (1947). In Gun Crazy (1950), the femme fatale lures a man into a life of crime. In Hitchcock's 1940 film and Daphne du Maurier's 1938 novel Rebecca, the eponymous femme fatale completely dominates the plot, even though she is already dead and we never see an image of her. Rocky and Bullwinkle ' s Natasha Fatale, a curvaceous spy, takes her name from the femme fatale stock character. Blonde Ice (1948) features a female serial killer who murders several men.

#### 1980s to the present

The femme fatale is one of the most mesmerizing of sexual personae. She is not a fiction but an extrapolation of biologic realities in women that remain constant.

Sexual Personae (1990) by Camille Paglia

The femme fatale has carried on to the present day, in films such as Body Heat (1981) and Prizzi's Honor (1985) – both with Kathleen Turner, Blade Runner (1982) with Sean Young, The Hunger (1983) with Catherine Deneuve, Blue Velvet (1986) with Isabella Rossellini, Fatal Attraction (1987) with Glenn Close, Basic Instinct (1992) with Sharon Stone, Damage (1992) with Juliette Binoche, Final Analysis (1992) with Kim Basinger, Dream Lover (1993) with Madchen Amick, The Last Seduction (1994) with Linda Fiorentino, To Die For (1995) with Nicole Kidman, Lost Highway (1997) with Patricia Arquette, Devil in the Flesh (1998) and Jawbreaker (1999), both with Rose McGowan, Cruel Intentions (1999) with Sarah Michelle Gellar, Original Sin (2001) with Angelina Jolie, Femme Fatale (2002) with Rebecca Romijn, and Jennifer's Body (2009) with Megan Fox. In 2013, Tania Raymonde played the title role in Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret. In 2014, Eva Green portrayed a femme fatale in Sin City: A Dame to Kill For and Rosamund Pike starred in Gone Girl. In Babylon (2022), Margot Robbie plays character with femme fatale tendencies.

Academy Award-winning actress Marion Cotillard has frequently played femmes fatales, in such films as A Private Affair (2002), A Very Long Engagement, The Black Box, Inception, Midnight in Paris, The Dark Knight Rises and Macbeth. Nicole Kidman has also played a few femmes fatales in films as To Die For, The Paperboy, Moulin Rouge! and The Northman.

The archetype is also abundantly found in American television. One of the most famous femmes fatales of American television is Sherilyn Fenn 's Audrey Horne of the David Lynch cult series Twin Peaks. In the TV series Femme Fatales, actress Tanit Phoenix played Lilith, the host who introduced each episode Rod Serling -style and occasionally appeared within the narrative. In the Netflix TV series Orange Is the New Black, actress Laura Prepon played Alex Vause, a modern femme fatale, who led both men and women to their destruction.

Femmes fatales appear frequently in comic books. Notable examples include Batman 's long-time nemesis Catwoman, who first appeared in comics in 1940, and various adversaries of The Spirit, such as P'Gell.

This stock character is also often found in the genres of opera and musical theatre, where she will traditionally have a mezzo, alto or contralto range, opposed to the ingénue 's soprano, to symbolize the masculinity and lack of feminine purity. An example is Hélène from Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812.

## Use in criminal trials

The term has been used by the media in connection with highly publicised criminal trials, such as the trials of Jodi Arias and Amanda Knox.


List of Filipino American sportspeople

# List of Filipino American sportspeople

## Abstract

This is a list of American sportspeople of Filipino ancestry.

## Baseball

- Benny Agbayani – outfielder

- Chris Aguila – outfielder

- John André – pitcher

- Bobby Balcena – outfielder

- Jason Bartlett – shortstop

- Bobby Chouinard – pitcher

- Chase d'Arnaud – shortstop

- Travis d'Arnaud – catcher

- Geno Espineli – pitcher

- Tim Lincecum – pitcher

- Kyle Lohse – pitcher

- Clay Rapada – pitcher

- Addison Russell – infielder

- Tyler Saladino – shortstop

- Anthony Volpe – shortstop

- Brandon Villafuerte – pitcher

- Jordan Yamamoto – pitcher

## Basketball

- Jimmy Alapag – former Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters and Gilas Pilipinas guard. Former Head coach of San Miguel Alab Pilipinas of the ASEAN Basketball League.

- Chris Banchero – guard for the Alaska Aces & Magnolia Hotshots of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Nic Belasco – 8–time PBA Champion.

- Jason Brickman – guard for the Mono Vampire of the ASEAN Basketball League and for Kaohsiung Aquas of the Taiwanese T1 League. Played college basketball for LIU Brooklyn.

- Noy Castillo – 3–time PBA All-Star.

- Jeffrey Cariaso – retired professional basketball player and former Alaska Aces shooting guard.

- Jordan Clarkson – guard for the Utah Jazz. Represented the Philippines in international competition as part of Gilas Pilipinas.

- Mike Cortez – retired guard for the Blackwater Elite, Meralco Bolts, NorthPort Batang Pier & Air21 Express of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Aaron Craft – guard for the Aquila Basket Trento of the Lega Basket Serie A. Played college basketball for the Ohio State Buckeyes and also played for the Santa Cruz Warriors of the NBA G League.

- Joe Devance – Retired PBA player; last played for the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Michael DiGregorio – guard for the Blackwater Bossing of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Jared Dillinger – guard/forward for the Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Chris Ellis - 3-time PBA All-Star and PBA Slam Dunk Champion (2013).

- Simon Enciso – guard for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association. Played Division II basketball for Notre Dame de Namur.

- Matt Ganuelas-Rosser – forward for the TNT Tropang Giga small forward of the Philippine Basketball Association. Played Division II basketball for Cal Poly Pomona.

- Jalen Green – guard for the Houston Rockets. FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup MVP representing the United States in 2018.

- Davonn Harp – 2-time PBA Commissioner's Cup Champion.

- Brian Heruela – guard for the TNT Tropang Giga of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Ron Harper Jr. - guard/forward for the Toronto Raptors.

- Michael Holper – retired PBA player.

- Isaac Holstein – 3-time PBA Champion.

- Marcio Lassiter – guard for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association. Played college basketball for Cal State Fullerton.

- Chris Lutz – 3-time PBA Champion. PBA All-Star.

- Rashawn McCarthy – guard for the Bacolod City of Smiles of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.

- Eric Menk – PBA MVP. Also a two-time member of the Philippine national basketball team.

- Sol Mercado – retired PBA player who played for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters and Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Kelly Nabong – forward/center for the Davao Occidental Tigers of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.

- Chris Newsome – guard for the Meralco Bolts of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Gabe Norwood – guard/forward for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association. Played college basketball for the George Mason Patriots and also represented the Philippines in FIBA sanctioned and international competition as part of Gilas Pilipinas.

- Jason Perkins – forward for the Phoenix Pulse Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Hernando Planells – basketball coach.

- Stanley Pringle – guard for Barangay Ginebra San Miguel of the Philippine Basketball Association. Represented the Philippines in international competition as part of Gilas Pilipinas.

- Chris Ross – guard for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Andy Seigle – a two-time member of the Philippine national basketball team.

- Danny Seigle – 8–time PBA Champion. A two-time member of the Philippine national basketball team.

- Greg Slaughter – center for the Manila SV Batang Sampaloc SGA of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League.

- Erik Spoelstra – head coach of the Miami Heat.

- Raymond Townsend – UCLA Bruins and Golden State Warriors guard

- Moala Tautuaa – American born with Filipino and Tongan descent. Center/forward for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association.

- Josh Urbiztondo – PBA Champion and PBA All–Star.

- Jay Washington – forward for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association and for Ryukyu Golden Kings & Yokohama Excellence of Japan B.League. Played Division II basketball for Eckerd College.

- Kelly Williams – forward/center for the TNT Tropang Giga of the Philippine Basketball Association.

## Chess

- Wesley So - chess grandmaster, born Filipino with Chinese descent.

## Combat Sports/Martial Arts

- Romie Adanza – kickboxer

- Manny Pacquiao – boxer, 12 major world titles in 8 different weight classes

- Chris Cariaso – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Arianny Celeste – UFC octagon girl and model

- John Dodson – Mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC. Ultimate Fighter 14 winner.

- Glenn Donaire – Nonito Donaire's older brother, also a boxer in the flyweight and junior flyweight classes.

- Nonito Donaire – Four-Division Boxing World Champion (112 lbs, 118 lbs, 122 lbs and 126 lbs.)

- Adriano Directo Emperado – one of five martial artists who developed the Kajukenbo self-defense system

- Andrew Ganigan – former boxing lightweight contender.

- Dan Inosanto – Head of Bruce Lee's JKD, Head of Lacoste / Inosanto FMA.

- Tito Jones – mixed martial artist

- Ana Julaton – Boxer

- Robbie Lawler – mixed martial artist, UFC Welterweight Champion. Lawler is a quarter Filipino through his mother's side.

- Troy Mandaloniz – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Paige McPherson – 2012 Summer Olympics Taekwondo bronze medalist

- Yancy Medeiros – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Mark Muñoz – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Phillipe Nover – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Jesus Salud - 1989 WBA super bantamweight champion

- Ricky Turcios - mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Elena Reid - professional boxer and mixed martial artist

- Shane Del Rosario – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Brandon Vera – mixed martial artist, fought in the UFC

- Brian Viloria – US Olympic boxer, former WBC light-flyweight champion

- Ernie Reyes Jr. – martial artist

- Ernie Reyes, Sr. – martial artist

- Eddie Abasolo – professional muay thai fighter

## Cycling, Road, BMX, and Track

- Coryn Rivera – professional USA women's racing cyclist (Team Sunweb)

- Daniel Caluag – 2012 Summer Olympics BMX Cyclist from Philippines Team

## Fencing

- Lee Kiefer – US olympic fencing team

## Figure Skating

- Amanda Evora – U.S. Olympic figure skater (pairs/ice dancing)

- Tai Babilonia – Olympic figure skater (African American mother; Filipino and Hopi -Indian father)

- Christopher Caluza – 2013 Lombardia Trophy silver medalist

- Elizabeth Punsalan – U.S. Olympic figure skater (pairs/ice dancing) (Filipino father)

- Kristine Musademba – U.S. figure skater (Filipino mother)

## Hockey

- Mathew Dumba - Minnesota Wild defensemen National Hockey League (Filipina mother)

- Jason Robertson (ice hockey) - Dallas Stars left wing National Hockey League (Filipina mother)

- Nicholas Robertson (ice hockey) - Toronto Maple Leafs left wing National Hockey League (Filipina mother)

- Tim Stapleton (ice hockey) - Retired (Filipina mother)

## American football

- Tyler Allgeier – running back for the Atlanta Falcons.

- Eugene Amano – former NFL offensive guard/center.

- Doug Baldwin – former NFL wide receiver who spent his entire career with the Seattle Seahawks.

- Tedy Bruschi – former NFL All-Pro linebacker, New England Patriots.

- Camryn Bynum – strong safety for the Minnesota Vikings.

- Matt Castelo – former linebacker, San Jose State Spartans.

- Jordon Dizon – former NFL linebacker, Detroit Lions.

- Aaron Francisco – former NFL safety.

- Roman Gabriel – former NFL quarterback, Los Angeles Rams.

- Chris Gocong – former NFL linebacker who split his 6 years in the NFL with the Philadelphia Eagles and the Cleveland Browns.

- Keith Ismael – center for the San Francisco 49ers.

- Andrei Iosivas – Wide Receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals.

- Josh Jacobs – running back for the Las Vegas Raiders.

- Jason Myers – placekicker for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Seattle Seahawks and New York Jets.

- Jordan Norwood – former NFL wide receiver and punt returner, he set a Super Bowl record for the longest punt return at 61 yards while playing for the Denver Broncos who won Super Bowl 50.

- Chris Rix – former quarterback, Florida State Seminoles.

- Steve Slaton – former NFL running back.

- Curtis Weaver – XFL defensive end. Formerly played for the Cleveland Browns.

- Andrei Iosivas – wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals

- Zaire Barnes – linebacker for the New York Jets

- Nikko Remigio – wide receiver for the Kansas City Chiefs

- Anthony Witherstone – cornerback for the Kansas City Chiefs

- Tariq Castro-Fields – cornerback for the Washington Commanders

- Ronnie Rivers – Running back for the Los Angeles Rams

- Richard (Chachi) Perez – Safety for the Stetson University

## Golf

- J. J. Spaun – professional golfer, PGA Tour

- Rico Hoey – professional golfer, PGA Tour

- Dorothy Delasin – professional golfer, LPGA

- Jennifer Rosales – professional golfer, LPGA

- Allisen Corpuz – professional golfer, LPGA

## Gymnastics

- Aleah Finnegan – will represent the Philippines at the 2024 Olympic Games; former USA national team member.

- Emma Malabuyo – alternate for the 2020 Olympic team (USA); currently representing the Philippines in international competition.

- Kyla Ross – member of the Fierce Five, the gold medal-winning US Women's Gymnastics team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

- Levi Ruivivar – will represent the Philippines at the 2024 Olympic Games.

- Ava Verdeflor – Philippines national team member training in Allen, Texas. 2014 Youth Olympics competitor.

## Poker

- Noli Francisco

- Toto Leonidas

## Skateboarding

- Henry Gutierrez – professional vert skateboarder

- Sean Malto – professional skateboarder

- Pat Ngoho – professional vert skateboarder/artist

- Lizzie Armanto – professional vert skateboarder

- Adrian Demain – professional vert skateboarder/artist

- Willy Santos – professional skateboarder

- Sergie Ventura – professional vert skateboarder

- Doug Saladino – professional vert skateboarder

## Football/Soccer

- Joshua Alcala – American born Hispanic/Filipino soccer player. Has played in the United States Soccer Leagues D1 & D2.

- Henry Brauner – has played in the USL Premier Development League and the Philippines national team.

- Anton del Rosario – American born. Played NCAA soccer for Skyline College, Notre Dame de Namur University, and Philippine national football team.

- Natasha Kai – American soccer player and member of the United States women's national soccer team.

- Nick Rimando – Filipino, Mexican American soccer player who currently plays for Real Salt Lake in Major League Soccer.

- Tiffany Roberts – American soccer player and former member of the United States Women's National Soccer Team (Filipina mother).

- 18 of the 23 members of the Philippines national team that reached the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup: Tahnai Annis – midfielder and team captain Alicia Barker – defender Sarina Bolden – forward Reina Bonta – defender Ryley Bugay – midfielder and defender Malea Cesar – defender Jessika Cowart – defender and midfielder Kiara Fontanilla – goalkeeper Isabella Flanigan – forward Carleigh Frilles – midfielder Katrina Guillou – forward Sofia Harrison – defender Kaiya Jota – goalkeeper Hali Long – defender Chandler McDaniel – forward and midfielder Olivia McDaniel – goalkeeper Quinley Quezada – midfielder Dominique Randle – defender

- Tahnai Annis – midfielder and team captain

- Alicia Barker – defender

- Sarina Bolden – forward

- Reina Bonta – defender

- Ryley Bugay – midfielder and defender

- Malea Cesar – defender

- Jessika Cowart – defender and midfielder

- Kiara Fontanilla – goalkeeper

- Isabella Flanigan – forward

- Carleigh Frilles – midfielder

- Katrina Guillou – forward

- Sofia Harrison – defender

- Kaiya Jota – goalkeeper

- Hali Long – defender

- Chandler McDaniel – forward and midfielder

- Olivia McDaniel – goalkeeper

- Quinley Quezada – midfielder

- Dominique Randle – defender

- Two of the three alternates on the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup squad: Maya Alcantara – defender and midfielder Isabella Pasion – midfielder

- Maya Alcantara – defender and midfielder

- Isabella Pasion – midfielder

- Other Philippines women's national team members: Heather Cooke Eva Madarang Jessica Miclat

- Heather Cooke

- Eva Madarang

- Jessica Miclat

## Speed Skating

- J.R. Celski – 2014 Winter Olympics silver medalist & 2010 Winter Olympics bronze medalist for short track speed skating. and five-time world champion medalist.

## Track & Field

- Rene Herrera

- Eric Cray

- Trenten Beram

- Kristina Knott

## Table Tennis

- Angelita Rosal – Four times U.S. National Table Tennis champion.

## Tennis

- Cecil Mamiit

- Treat Conrad Huey

- Lilia Osterloh

- Eric Taino

- Riza Zalameda

## Volleyball

- Liz Masakayan – Professional beach volleyball player.

- David McKienzie – member of US national team.

- Iris Tolenada – played in the Philippine Superliga & Premier Volleyball League.

- Kalei Mau – played for COCOLIFE Asset Managers & F2 Logistics Cargo Movers in the Philippine Superliga & Premier Volleyball League.

## Water Sports

- Victoria Manalo Draves – diver who was the first Asian American gold medalist, and first woman to win two gold medals in springboard diving at the 1948 Olympics in London.

- Sunny Garcia – surfing world champion, surfing legend.

- Malia Jones – surfing model, People Magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People.

- Natalie Coughlin – International swimmer and twelve-time Olympic medalist (with Filipino ancestry)

- Nicole Oliva - swimmer

- Henley Masa – surfing world champion, WSL U.S. Open Champion

## Wrestling

- David Bautista – former professional mixed martial artist, and former professional wrestler best known for his time in the WWE under the ring name Batista. He is a six-time world champion, winning the World Heavyweight Championship four times and the WWE Championship twice.

- Michael Paris – better known as DJZ for his time with TNA Wrestling. Currently signed with WWE where he performs on Raw brand under the ring name Joaquin Wilde.

- Benny Cuntapay – also known by his ring alias B-Boy. Performer in CZW or Combat Zone Wrestling, also wrestled as Bael in Lucha Underground but was killed off in a storyline angle.

- T. J. Perkins – best known as the Inaugural WWE Cruiserweight Champion. Performed in WWE's Raw brand under the name TJ Perkins. Also a former wrestler for TNA Wrestling formerly known as Suicide. Perkins is also known by his ring aliases Pinoy Boy and Puma.

- Kris Hernandez – better known by the ring name Kris Wolf

- Ashley Louise Urbanski – currently signed with WWE where she performs on NXT under the ring name, Shotzi Blackheart.

- Allyssa Lyn "Lacey" Lane – currently signed to WWE here she performs on Raw under the ring name Kayden Carter.

- Jeff Cobb – better known for his time with NJPW, Ring of Honor, and All Elite Wrestling. Currently signed with NJPW where he belongs with the United Empire Faction. Cobb was formerly Never Openweight Champion, ROH tag team Champion, and PWG World Champion.


Samsung TV Plus

# Samsung TV Plus

## Abstract

Samsung TV Plus is a free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) service owned by Samsung Electronics that was first introduced in 2015. The platform was designed to provide free, live streaming content for users with Samsung devices.

As of 2022, the service was available in 24 countries and is viewable within a multitude of Samsung products due to its integration with the Tizen operating system. Samsung TV Plus was one of the five most-used apps on the company's smart TVs in September 2020.

## Programming

The service currently has over 200 live channels, each grouped into various categories. Channels available in the United States have included:

### News

- CBS News 24/7 – Channel No. 1110

- LiveNOW from Fox – Channel No. 1116

- ABC News Live – Channel No. 1112

- NBC News NOW – Channel No. 1114

- Bloomberg TV + UHD – Channel No. 1155

- Yahoo! Finance – Channel No. 1165

- Newsmax – Channel No. 1170

- Real America's Voice – Channel No. 1175

- TYT Network – Channel No. 1185

- Fox Weather - Channel No. 1130

- Scripps News - Channel No. 1119

- Bloomberg Originals - Channel No. 1160

- BBC News - Channel No. 1140

- Sky News - Channel No.1145

- CBC News - Channel No.1150

- The First - Channel No.1180

### Entertainment

- ALL ACTION – Channel No. 1050

- ION – Channel No. 1051

- Stories by AMC – Channel No. 1052

- TV Land Drama – Channel No. 1055

- Heartland – Channel No. 1058

- Drama Life – Channel No. 1060

- Bounce XL – Channel No. 1061

- ION Plus – Channel No. 1062

- The Walking Dead – Channel No. 1065 – includes other The Walking Dead franchise content

- 21 Jump Street – Channel No. 1066

- Degrassi – Channel No. 1067

- Lucky Dog – Channel No. 1068

- The Bob Ross Channel – Channel No. 1069

- Clarity 4K – Channel No. 1070

- Danger TV – Channel No. 1072

- Magellan TV Now – Channel No. 1073

- ElectricNOW – Channel No. 1074

- Nosey – Channel No. 1078

- REELZ Famous & Infamous – Channel No. 1080

- Circle Country – Channel No. 1425

- Shades of Black – Channel No. 1084

- Backstage – Channel No. 1085

- VICE – Channel No. 1086

- Revry – Channel No. 1089

- Shout! Factory – Channel No. 1090

- Dove Channel – Channel No. 1091

- Chicken Soup for the Soul – Channel No. 1092

- MHz Now – Channel No. 1096

- Brat TV – Channel No. 1101

- Mixible – Channel No. 1103

- Fox Soul – Channel No. 1104

- People TV – Channel No. 1105

- Rotten Tomatoes – Channel No. 1106

- Hollywire – Channel No. 1107

- Grit Xtra – Channel No. 1111

- Cowboy Way – Channel No. 1112

- Fireplace 4K – Channel No. 1221

- INFAST – Channel No. 1237

- TV Land Sitcoms – Channel No. 1326

- BET (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1059

### Movies

- The Movie Hub – Channel No. 1450

- Paramount Movie Channel – Channel No. 1452

- Hallmark Movies & More – Channel No. 1455

- Holiday Movie Favorites by Lifetime – Channel No. 1456

- MovieSphere – Channel No. 1457

- FilmRise Free Movies – Channel No. 1459

- Pluto TV Fantastic – Channel No. 1461

- FilmRise Action – Channel No. 1463

- Documentary+ – Channel No. 1466

- Maverick Black Cinema – Channel No. 1468

- Gravitas Movies – Channel No. 1474

- CINEVAULT: Classics – Channel No. 1478

- CINEVAULT: 80’s – Channel No. 1479

- CINEVAULT: Westerns – Channel No. 1482

- Pluto TV Westerns – Channel No. 1484

- FilmRise Western – Channel No. 1488

- The Preview Channel – Channel No. 1491

- Home.Made.Nation – Channel No. 1216

### Reality and Infotainment

{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|

- All-Out Reality – Channel No. 1230

- Duck Dynasty – Channel No. 1232 – includes other Duck Commander content

- Deal Zone – Channel No. 1233

- Ice Road Truckers – Channel No. 1234

- Ax Men – Channel No. 1235

- Skills + Thrills – Channel No. 1236

- All Weddings WE TV – Channel No. 1238

- All Reality WE TV – Channel No. 1239

- Hell’s Kitchen – Channel No. 1240 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- Kitchen Nightmares – Channel No. 1241 – includes other Gordon Ramsay content

- The Hotel Inspector – Channel No. 1242

- Project Runway – Channel No. 1243

- Operation Repo – Channel No. 1244

- MTV (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1245

- Love & Hip Hop – Channel No. 1246

- The Challenge – Channel No. 1247

- Dallas Cowboys Cheer – Channel No. 1248

- Perform – Channel No. 1249

- Dance Moms – Channel No. 1250

- Matched Married Meet – Channel No. 1251

- IGN – Channel No. 1351

- Minecraft – Channel No. 1363

- Samsung Wild Life Channel No. 1400

- Military Heroes – Channel No. 1402

- Modern Marvels – Channel No. 1403

- Love Nature 4K – Channel No. 1404

- TED – Channel No. 1405

- PBS Digital Studios – Channel No. 1406

- Xplore – Channel No. 1407

- Rovr.Pets – Channel No. 1409

- InWonder – Channel No. 1410

- WeatherSpy – Channel No. 1412

- Stingray Naturescape – Channel No. 1415

- WWE Superstar Central By A&E - Channel No. 2904

### Food and Drink

- Plated – Channel No. 1200

- Tastemade – Channel No. 1201

- Bon Appetit – Channel No. 1202

- Gusto TV – Channel No. 1203

- America’s Test Kitchen – Channel No. 1204

- Hungry – Channel No. 1206

- Tastemade Travel – Channel No. 1207

- Journy – Channel No. 1208

- Home Refresh – Channel No. 1209

- Million Dollar Listing – Channel No. 1210

- Tiny House Nation – Channel No. 1211

- Antiques Roadshow – Channel No. 1212

- This Old House – Channel No. 1213

- This Old House Makers.- Channel No. 1214

- The Design Network – Channel No. 1215

- BBC Home – Channel No. 1217

- BBC Food – Channel No. 1218

- Tastemade Home – Channel No. 1219

- Loupe 4K – Channel No. 1220

- QVC – Channel No. 1223

- HSN – Channel No. 1224

- Localish – Channel No. 1226

### Sports

- MLB Channel - Channel No. 1001

- CBS Sports HQ – Channel No. 1152

- T2 – Channel No. 1154

- GOLFPASS – Channel No. 1155

- beIN SPORTS XTRA – Channel No. 1157

- fubo Sports Network – Channel No. 1158

- Stadium – Channel No. 1159

- Pac-12 Insider – Channel No. 1161

- ACC Digital Network – Channel No. 1162

- Origin Sports – Channel No. 1163

- TNA Wrestling – Channel No. 1164

- FTF – Channel No. 1167

- EDGEsport – Channel No. 1169

- SURF NOW TV – Channel No. 1173

- Outside – Channel No. 1178

- FUEL TV – Channel No. 1179

- Whistle TV – Channel No. 1180

- People Are Awesome – Channel No. 1181

- Outdoor America – Channel No. 1182

- Waypoint TV – Channel No. 1184

- Pursuit UP – Channel No. 1185

- World Poker Tour – Channel No. 1187

- Ride or Drive – Channel No. 1188

- Top Gear – Channel No. 1189

- MAVTV Select – Channel No. 1190

- PowerNation – Channel No. 1191

- MotorTrend Fast TV – Channel No. 1192

- NHRA TV – Channel No. 1193

- MOTORVISION.TV – Channel No. 1194

- Cars – Channel No. 1195

- Torque – Channel No. 1196

- Fox Sports - Channel No 2334

- Dome - Channel No. 1003

- NBC Sports - Channel No 2338

- DraftKings - Channel No.2358

- SportsGrid -Channel No. 2362

### Game shows

- BUZZR – Channel No. 1139

- Game Show Central – Channel No. 1141

- Deal or No Deal – Channel No. 1143

- Fear Factor – Channel No. 1144

- Wipeout Xtra – Channel No. 1145

- Wild 'n Out – Channel No. 1147

- Supermarket Sweep – Channel No. 1142

### Kids

{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|

- PBS Kids – Channel No. 1376

- Nickelodeon (Pluto TV) – Channel No. 1379

- Moonbug Kids – Channel No. 1383

- The LEGO Channel – Channel No. 1385

- pocket.watch – Channel No. 1389

- Toon Goggles – Channel No. 1391

- TG Junior – Channel No. 1392

- Kidoodle.TV – Channel No. 1395

- ZooMoo – Channel No. 1398

- Hot Wheels Action - Channel No. 3614

- Fireman Sam - Channel No. 3635

- My Little Pony - Channel No 3653

## Availability

Samsung TV Plus has been pre-installed on all Samsung TVs since 2016. Since April 2021, the service has also been available on Samsung mobile devices (available from the Galaxy Store) and Smart monitors. Select Family Hub refrigerators can also be connected to Samsung TV Plus in the U.S. and Korea.

In January 2023, Samsung announced it was rolling out Samsung TV Plus onto non-Samsung TVs in the form of an installable app, specifically in an integration with TCL TVs.


Censorship of LGBT issues

# Censorship of LGBT issues

## Abstract

Censorship of LGBT issues is practised by some countries around the world. It may take a variety of forms, including anti-LGBT curriculum laws in some states of the United States, the Russian gay propaganda law (on "promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships"), and the Hungarian anti-LGBT law (on "content portraying or promoting sex reassignment or homosexuality"), and laws in Muslim-majority states such as Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Malaysia prohibiting advocacy that offends Islamic morality.

## Current laws

### Afghanistan

On 21 November 2021, Afghanistan's Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice promulgated an order prohibiting TV channels from broadcasting media that are against the Taliban 's interpretation of Sharia and Afghan culture.

### Algeria

Article 333 bis of the Penal Code, as amended on 13 February 1982 by Law n° 82-04, criminalizes the distribution of anything against "decency" with up to 2 years in prison and a fine up to 2,000 dinars. Article 333, also amended in 1982, criminalizes indecent exposure of any "act against the order of nature with an individual of the same sex" with up to 3 years in prison and a fine up to 10,000 dinars.

### Brazil (sub-national)

Since 2014, at least 217 bills have been introduced at the federal, state, and municipal levels in Brazil to ban teaching " gender ideology ", "information on sexual orientation", "information on sexual diversity", "orienting the sexuality of students" and "ideological indoctrination" in Brazilian schools. At least 47 of these bills were passed into law, but many of them were struck down by the courts. As of 2022, 21 laws, including 1 on state level and 20 on municipal level, remain in force.

### Bulgaria

On 7 August 2024, Bulgaria's parliament approved an amendment to the education law that prohibits the “propaganda, promotion, or incitement in any way, directly or indirectly, in the education system of ideas and views related to non-traditional sexual orientation and/or gender identity other than the biological one”. The amendment was introduced by Revival party. It defines "non-traditional sexual orientation” as "contrary to Bulgaria's legal concept of emotional, romantic, sexual or sensual attraction between persons of opposite sexes", alluding to Bulgaria's constituion which defines marriage as a heterosexual union. The amendment was supported by most of the MPs from GERB party, as well as all MPs from the Bulgarian Socialist Party and There is Such a People party. The Movement for Rights and Freedoms was split over the vote. On 15 August, Bulgarian President Rumen Radev has signed the bill into the law.

### China

On 31 December 2015, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) of the People's Republic of China announced a new rule that banned any television show and film depicting "unnormal sexual relationships", including homosexuality. As a result of this new rule, many popular web television series at the time like Addicted and Go Princess Go were immediately pulled from broadcasting. Online streaming services including LeTV and Tencent Video followed the new rule by deleting or censoring web series with LGBT characters.

In 2017, an LGBT conference was scheduled to be held in Xi'an. Western reports, using the organisers blog as their source, claimed the police had detained the organisers and threatened them.

In March 2018, Oscar-winning drama Call Me By Your Name has been pulled from the Beijing International Film Festival 's lineup. It was widely speculated that the organizer of this festival was under political pressure to not show the film.

On 14 April 2018, Sina Weibo, the equivalent of Twitter in China, announced a crackdown on LGBT content, as pursuant to the China Internet Security Law and other government regulations.

In May 2018, the European Broadcasting Union blocked Mango TV, one of China's most watched channels, from airing the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 after it edited out Irish singer Ryan O'Shaughnessy 's performance, which depicted two male dancers, and blacked out rainbow flags during Switzerland's performance.

Days before the International Day Against Homophobia in 2018, two women wearing rainbow badges were attacked and beaten by security guards in Beijing. The security company dismissed the three guards involved shortly thereafter.

Mr. Gay China, a beauty pageant, was held in 2016 without incident. In 2018, the event host passively cancelled their engagement by not responding to any communications. Mr Gay World 2019 announced the cancellation of the Hong Kong event after communication began to deteriorate in early August. No official censorship notice was issued but some articles blamed the Chinese Government for the cancellation. That same year, a woman who wrote a gay-themed novel was sentenced to 10 years and 6 months in prison for "breaking obscenity laws".

### Georgia

On 4 June 2024, Speaker of the Georgian Parliament and one of the leaders of the ruling Georgian Dream party Shalva Papuashvili said that the party initiated a package of legislation called, "On Family Values and Protection of Minors", consisting of one main law and 18 related draft laws that amend the Civil Code, the Labor Code, the legislation on education, and other codes. Proposed changes in the package included outlawing the registration of any union other than between a man and a woman, adoption of a minor to people who do not identify "as their gender" or are not heterosexual, all surgical operations or medical interventions for gender reassignment, and putting any gender "different from his own" on any state or identity documents. The changes also included restrictions on media and publishing, outlawing the radio or television broadcasting of information, programs, advertising, or "propaganda" aimed at "promoting a person's belonging to a gender different from his or her gender, same-sex relationship or incest", including sexual acts with "members of the same sex or a scene of incest", outlawing public gatherings or demonstrations aimed at promoting gender identity, non-heterosexual relationships, or incest, and voiding any public or private institution labor obligations "aimed at neglecting biological sex". The package would also designate May 17th as a holiday for the "sanctity of the family and respect for parents". On 27 June 2024, the Parliament of Georgia passed the proposed bill in the first reading.

On 4 September 2024, the Parliament of Georgia voted 81-0 for the proposed bill in the second reading. The Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliament of Georgia made several changes to the legislative package, including a new article defining the "popularisation of queer relationships or of gender transitioning" and a prohibition on adopting to any "person who does not assign themself to any biological sex".

The bill was supported by the Georgian Dream and People's Power parties, which make up parliamentary majority. The opposition For Georgia party said that although it did not attend the vote, it still opposes the "propaganda directed at children, especially LGBT propaganda". The Girchi party expressed its opposition to the bill. Other opposition parties did not vote or take part in the parliamentary discussions.

### Hungary

In June 2021, the government of Hungary introduced a bill prohibiting the showing of "any content portraying or promoting sex reassignment or homosexuality" to minors, similar to the Russian gay propaganda law. On 15 June, the National Assembly approved the law by a vote of 157–1. The President of Hungary signed the bill into law on 23 June.

### Indonesia

On 23 February 2016, the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) released the "Circular to All Broadcasting Companies on Effeminate Men", banning the portrayal of sexual and gender diversity in men by the broadcasting companies. In the same month, the KPI also banned TV and radio programs that "promoted homosexual lifestyle" claiming that they constituted a violation of the 2012 Broadcasting Program Standards.

### Iran

Iran has extensive public morality law which is used against newspapers and websites with the content related to the sexual orientation. Article 6 of the 1986 Press Law bans press which "undermines Islam's bases and commandments", including the spread of "fornication and forbidden practices" and "publishing photographs, pictures, and material which violate public chastity". The violation of this provision is punished under the Article 698 of the Islamic Penal Code with imprisonment of between two months to two years and flogging of up to74 lashes. Article 14 of the 2009 Law on Computer Crimes (Law No. 71063) punishes with imprisonment and fines the use of computer systems, telecommunications systems or data carriers to publish or distribute "immoral content", or storage of such material "with the intention of corrupting society". Article 640 of the Penal Code bans public display, production or storage of "any writing or design, gravure, painting, picture, newspapers, advertisements, signs, film, cinema movie" which corrupts "public prudency and morality".

Under these laws, operators of the website of Avizoon were arrested and charged with "pornography and publishing sexual ideas including homosexuality". The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, which enforces the press laws, bans any positive portrayals of homosexuality. Publishers are not allowed to obtain licences to publish such material since gay and lesbian acts are considered as corrupt and morally bankrupt.

In 2002, a book entitled Witness Play by Cyrus Shamisa was banned from shelves (despite being initially approved) because it said that certain notable Persian writers were homosexuals and bisexuals.

In 2004, the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art loaned a collection of artwork that formerly belonged to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi that had been locked away since the Revolution in 1979 to the Tate Britain. The artwork included explicit homoerotic artwork by Francis Bacon and the government in Iran stated that upon its return, it would also be put on display in Iran.

In 2005, the Iranian Reformist paper Shargh was shut down by the government after it interviewed an Iranian author, living in Canada. While the interview never mentioned the sexual orientation of Saghi Ghahreman, it did quote her as stating that, "sexual boundaries must be flexible... The immoral is imposed by culture on the body". The conservative paper Kayhan attacked the interview and the paper, " Shargh has interviewed this homosexual while aware of her sick sexual identity, dissident views and porno-personality." To avoid being permanently shut down, the paper issued a public apology stating it was unaware of the author's "personal traits" and promised to "avoid such people and movements."

### Iraq

LGBT issues could be censored in Iraq under extensive public morality law namely, paragraph 215, 220, 376, 401, 402, 403, 404 and 408 of the Iraqi Penal Code.

In August 2023, the Iraqi Communications and Media Commission issued the directive which banned media outlets from using the terms "homosexuality" and "gender". Instead, they must use the term "sexual deviance".

### Kuwait

Article 21 of the Press and Publications Law (Law No. 3) (2006) bans publishing content which is deemed as insulting to public morals.

A Disney movie The Beauty and the Beast has been banned in Kuwait for containing "an exclusively gay moment".

### Kyrgyzstan

On 14 August 2023, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov signed a law which banned promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships among minors.

### Lebanon

The Lebanese Penal Code contains many articles which are used against homosexuality, including Article 209, 521, 526, 531, 532, 533 and 534. Article 531 and 532 ban violating public morals by public actions, movements, speaking and screaming. Article 533 bans manufacturing, exporting, supplying, or acquiring "writings, drawings, manual or photographic images, suggestive films, or other indecent items with the intention to trade or distribute them, or announce or inform how to obtain them".

Several films have been banned in Lebanon for LGBT content.

In 2018, prosecutor of Beirut suspended the scheduled activities of Beirut Pride, and initiated criminal proceedings against its founder Hadi Damien for organizing events "that incite to debauchery".

### Lithuania

On 16 June 2009, the Lithuanian Parliament approved an amendment to the Law on the Protection of Minors against the Detrimental Effects of Public Information (Lithuanian: Nepilnamečių apsaugos nuo neigiamo viešosios informacijos poveikio įstatymas), which would have effectively banned the "promotion of homosexual relations". The amendment was scheduled to go into effect on 1 March 2010. Even though it was vetoed by the President citing "lack of definitions", the veto was overturned by the Parliament. The wording of the law forbade the "propaganda of homosexual, bisexual or polygamous relations". According to some politicians who voted in favor, the possibility of defining "propaganda" should be left to lawyers.

On 17 September 2009, the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the law and requesting the EU Fundamental Rights Agency issue a legal opinion on it. On 10 November 2009, the Lithuanian Parliament (Seimas) answered by adopting a resolution requesting the Government to seek the invalidation of the EP Resolution, which it condemned as an unlawful act. The EU Fundamental Rights Agency wrote to the European Parliament that it was not going to submit the requested legal opinion, given that it had no mandate to evaluate the legislation of member states.

Newly elected President Dalia Grybauskaitė expressed her strong disapproval of the law and formed a commission to elaborate a draft to repeal the discriminatory provisions. On 22 December 2009, the clauses banning the promotion among minors of "homosexual, bisexual, and polygamous relations" were eliminated, but as a compromise, the paragraph was replaced by a "ban to spread information that would promote sexual relations or other conceptions of concluding a marriage or creating a family other than established in the Constitution or the Civil Code". It has been argued that this provision is the first step towards instituting a ban on criticizing the Government and its decisions and thus – a menace to democracy in the country. Proponents of the law claimed to be led by a desire to protect traditional family and children, some of them have expressed an opinion that the law would ban any information in public about homosexuality, regardless of its accessibility to minors or ban any public discussions and LGBT-related events. (So we propose to establish a limit that the promotion in public places is not possible to protect the mentioned three articles of the Constitution, but without doubt in some interior premisses those people have the right to organize events, to promote, to discuss) The new version was signed by the President, satisfied that "the homophobic provisions been repealed".

Significantly, the same law forbids mocking and bullying on the grounds of sexual orientation. It also possesses a number of other amendments, such as prohibiting the promotion of unhealthy nutrition to minors, a ban on information that "profanes family values", the depiction of hypnosis, etc.

The amendment has been sometimes compared to Section 28, the act which prohibited discussion of homosexuality in British schools.

Since coming into effect, there have been several attempts to apply the law. It has been unsuccessfully cited to ban the Gay Pride parade in 2010, and in 2013, and successfully referenced to declare one advertisement related to the Vilnius Gay Pride 2013 as appropriate to be broadcast at night time only and with the adult content logo. The reason given by the Board of Experts of Journalism Ethics Inspector Service was that one person in the advertisement had a T-shirt with an inscription in Lithuanian "For the diversity of families". In their opinion, it encourages a different conception of family and marriage than established in Lithuanian laws.

In 2014, based on similar grounds, the same institution recommended restricting the distribution of a children's book of tales titled "Gintarinė širdis" ("Amber Heart") published by the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, because two stories in it were related to same-sex relationships. The Board ordered the book to be labelled "Not suitable for children under 14 years" and referring to this recommendation, the Ministry of Culture banned the book altogether. The case have been escalated to the European Court of Human Rights in November 2019, and was heard by the Grand Chamber on 23 March 2022. In January 2023, the Court ruled that the government's actions were in violation of article 10, the right to freedom of expression, of the treaty.

In 2014, a video clip of a gay rights organisation promoting tolerance towards LGBT people was refused to air by all major Lithuanian TV stations despite not having any overt sexuality-related content, fearing a potential breach of the Law on the Protection of Minors. The breach was later unanimously confirmed by the Board of Experts of Journalism Ethics Inspector Service.

### Malaysia

Malaysia has laws which prohibit distributing, displaying or creating materials which are considered as "obscene" or "against public decency". Section 7(1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 confers to Minister of Home Affairs absolute discretion to censor publications which are prejudicial to public order, morality, security, public or national interest, may "alarm public opinion" or are contrary to any law. This provision has been used to ban at least six LGBT-themed books.

Pro-LGBTQ+ demonstrations are banned as "insulting behaviour" and "contradictory to Islamic morality". Section 14 of the Minor Offences Act 1955, which prohibits "insulting behaviour", has been used against pro-LGBTQ+ protesters.

In 2023, Malaysian authorities seized Pride-themed watches made by Swatch. Eleven shopping malls with Swatch outlets around Malaysia, including in the capital Kuala Lumpur, were raided in May. Home Minister cited Printing Presses and Publications Act of 1984 and said that "the Malaysian government is committed to preventing the spread of elements that are harmful or may be harmful to morals".

In 2010, the Film Censorship Board of Malaysia announced it would only allow depiction of homosexual characters as long as the characters "repent" or die. In 2017, Malaysia tried to censor Beauty and the Beast over some gay moments but eventually relented and let the movie be shown. The censorship board also had no objections to the screening of Power Rangers even with a lesbian scene in the movie.

### Moldova (sub-national)

Since 2012, several cities have enacted bans on "propaganda" of homosexuality (which do not include any kind of administrative sanctions or fines). These cities are:

- Bălți, enacted on 23 February 2012, and struck down on 28 February 2013

- Drochia, enacted on 27 March 2012

- Cahul, enacted on 29 March 2012

- Ceadîr-Lunga, enacted on 10 April 2012

- Glodeni, later repealed

- Rîșcani, later repealed

- Soroca

Similar bans were also enacted in the following districts:

- Anenii Noi, enacted on 1 March 2012

- Basarabeasca

- Fălești

Similar provisions were enacted by the following villages of Făleşti District:

- Bocani, later repealed

- Chetriș, repealed on 22 February 2012

- Hiliuți

- Pîrlița, later repealed

#### Gagauzia

On 30 April 2013, the Parliament of Gagauzia approved a bill to forbid the "propaganda" of homosexuality, bisexuality and transgenderism such as same-sex marriage and adoption by same-sex couples. The bill didn't include any kind of administrative sanctions or fines but some of its provisions banned any LGBT-related organizations from being registered in the region. Another provision was intended to ban any LGBT-related clubs and entertainment establishments. On 20 June 2013, these provisions were invalidated by a court decision, which held that these laws violated freedom of speech and human rights.

In May 2022, the People's Assembly of Gagauzia adopted a resolution banning "propaganda of non-traditional relations". The bill states that the "traditional family" is the basis of Gagauz society and bans local media from publishing anything that promotes same-sex couples. The Coalition for Inclusion and Non-discrimination has taken the resolution to the court, saying that it violates Moldova's constitution.

### Oman

Articles of the Publications and Publishing Law (1984) ban any publication which "calls people to embrace" or "promotes" anything against Islam, or might prejudice "public code of conduct" or "moral norms". The use of telecommunication services with information "contrary to the public order or morality", infringing "religious practice" or "promoting" anything against the law, is outlawed by the regulations passed under the Telecommunications Regulation Law (2002).

In 2013, The Week newspaper was shut down for one week after publishing article about Oman's LGBT community.

### Pakistan

Pakistan Telecommunication Authority has authority to remove or block any content if it is "in the interest of the glory of Islam, public order, decency, or morality" under the Section 34 of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (2016). The law has been used to ban LGB-related content online and in the media.

### Paraguay

On 5 October 2017, the Minister of Education and Science Enrique Riera signed Resolution N° 29664, which prohibits the use of printed and digital materials referring to " gender theory and/or ideology " in educational institutions. Enrique Riera later said he would volunteer to "burn the books in a public square if they contained gender ideology".

### Russia

In Russia, the Law for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values was unanimously approved by the State Duma on 11 June 2013 (with just one MP abstaining— Ilya Ponomarev), and was signed into law by President Vladimir Putin on 30 June 2013.

The Russian government's stated purpose for the law is to prevent children from being exposed to homosexuality—content presenting homosexuality as being a norm in society—under the argument that it contradicts traditional family values. The statute amended the country's child protection law and the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, to make the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships " among minors, an offence punishable by fines. This definition includes materials that "raises interest in" such relationships; cause minors to "form non-traditional sexual predispositions"; or " distorted ideas about the equal social value of traditional and non-traditional sexual relationships." Businesses and organisations can also be forced to temporarily cease operations if convicted under the law, and foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported.

The Kremlin's backing of the law appealed to the Russian nationalist far-right, and also gained broad support among the Russian public and the Russian Orthodox Church, with 70% of Russians officially being Russian-Orthodox. The law was condemned by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe (of which Russia is a member), by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child and by human rights groups, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The statute was criticised for its broad and ambiguous wording (including the broadly worded "raises interest in" and "among minors"), which critics described as an effective ban on publicly promoting the rights and culture of the LGBT community. The law was also condemned for leading to an increase in, and justification of, homophobic violence, while the implications of the law in relation to the then-upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics being hosted by Sochi were also cause for concern, as the Olympic Charter contains language explicitly barring various forms of discrimination.

### Saudi Arabia

The Saudi government censors the media with fines, imprisonment and, for foreigners, deportation for any person possessing, importing, distributing or producing media without governmental approval. Media content, including advertising, cannot be seen as insulting the royal family or conflicting with Islamic teachings and values.

Radio and TV programs are banned from expressing support for LGBT rights, but homosexuality and cross-dressing can be discussed as long as the negative attitudes and biases are reinforced. A call-in TV show may feature a discussion about the immorality or "illness" of homosexuality, or, as in the case of Mirel Radoi, coverage may focus on a celebrity, in this case a Romanian-born football player, implying, as a false insult, that another football player was gay.

The government does allow public movie theaters to exist, since 2018, but the films are censored, as are the DVDs purchased in many retail stores. LGBT themes are generally one of the themes edited out of movies. Customs agents keep a list of films or TV shows that are not allowed to be brought into the kingdom.

Government regulation of the Internet generally falls under the Royal Decrees on Anti-Cyber Crime (2007). Article 6 prohibits creating, distributing or accessing online content or webpages that the government deems to be pornographic or in violation of religious values or public morals or is a threat to public health, safety or order.

The Saudi government has frequently blocked Internet users in the kingdom from accessing web pages or other online content that express support for LGBT rights. The restrictions on the Internet extend to blogs, social media and video upload webpages.

In 2010, a 27-year-old Saudi man was charged with homosexuality and impersonating a police officer when he posted a comical video of himself online, where he discusses popular culture, shows off his chest hair and flirts with the camera man. He was sentenced to a year in prison, with 1,000 lashes, and ordered to pay a fine of 5,000 rials (US$1,333).

In a crackdown across stores in the Saudi capital, Riyadh, according to the Saudi state-run TV channel al-Ekhbariya, government officials seized rainbow-colored clothing, products, toys, etc. The officials claimed that the June 2022 move was aimed at curbing the direct and indirect promotion of homosexuality in the country. An unnamed official from the Ministry of Commerce claimed that they were looking out for "slogans that violate the rules of Islam and public morals like promoting homosexuality colors, targeting the young generation." The items seized in the crackdown included hair accessories for children, backpacks, pencil cases, and rainbow stripes featured on crayon packs. When asked for comments from the Saudi authorities, none were received. In December 2022, authorities in neighboring Qatar carried out a similar purge.

### Singapore

Singapore has a series of laws and regulations that restrict LGBT topics in the media. The Infocomm Media Development Authority bans any film, television program, advertisement or video game which "promote or glamorize homosexuality", if the "homosexual content is discreet in treatment and not gratuitous" they can instead be classified as restricted to people aged 18 or over. Films can also be restricted to people aged 21 or over if their main themes are same-sex marriage or parenting.

### Turkey

In December 2020, the Advertisement Board of Turkey's Trade Ministry ruled that LGBT-themed merchandise that is sold online has to bear 18+ rating. Article 24 of Turkey's 2015 Regulation on Commercial Advertisement and Unfair Commercial Practices protects children from material that would "negatively affect the physical, mental, moral, psychological and social development characteristics of children" and that items "cannot contain elements to disrupt, change or denigrate cultural, moral and positive social behaviours".

Even though there are not any laws explicitly forbidding LGBT-related protests, the Istanbul Pride parade has been banned by the Istanbul governorship several times: in 2015, 2016, 2017, and in 2018, where people held an event regardless and some were arrested. It was banned again in 2019. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held online with no official interference.

In 2017, the capital city of Ankara banned all LGBT or LGBT rights related events, under the pretext of providing "peace and security", with officials saying that such "exhibitions" could cause different groups of society to "publicly harbor hatred and hostility" towards each other; on the other hand news media noted that the ban came in the context of the steady erosion of civil liberties in Turkey following the failed 2016 coup attempt.

In Ankara, all public LGBTI -related discussions are banned. In November 2017, the Ankara governor's office under state of emergency imposed an indefinite ban on LGBTI-focused public events. The emergency rule ended in July 2018; however, the ban was still not lifted. In October 2018, the government extended the ban to LGBTI-focused events generally without giving any idea about the end date. In May 2019, police in Ankara violently ended a student-led Pride march at the Middle East Technical University (METU). According to a report from Amnesty International, authorities arrested 25 students during that.

In June 2019, the 7th Izmir Pride, the 3rd Antalya Pride and the 27th Istanbul pride were banned by the cities governors. Amnesty International last week called for Turkey to lift the Pride bans. However, days later a court suspended Izmir pride week ban. In June 2019, 17 people were detained during press statement over Pride ban in Turkish police dispersed a crowd gathered in the city of Izmir for a public press statement over the governorate's pride parade ban and detained 17 people, after the group read their press statement.

On 25 June 2019, the Governorship of Mersin banned all LGBT events to be held in the province for 20 days under the Turkish Law on Meetings and Demonstrations "with the aim of maintaining public well-being and public peace, preventing crimes and protecting public health, public morality and safety of life and property of citizens." The ban went in effect in the 5th Mersin Pride Week, which was to be held between 1–7 July.

### Uganda

In 2023, Uganda passed Anti-Homosexuality Act ("An Act to prohibit any form of sexual relations between persons of the same sex; to prohibit the promotion or recognition of sexual relations between persons of the same sex; and for related matters") which makes the promotion (including normalisation) of homosexuality punishable by imprisonment for up to 20 years and fines.

### United Arab Emirates

The Government in the United Arab Emirates has restricted access to various websites and monitors chat rooms, instant messages and blogs. There were only a few reports of prosecutions and punishments but many people on the internet have been censored their conversations and identity in gay chat rooms. The country's only internet service provider has a proxy server which blocks any website that goes against the country's moral values. Sites regarding dating or marriage, LGBT issues, the Bahá’í Faith or sites related to unblocking the censorship are all inaccessible. Some reports or sites related to unblocking the censorship are all inaccessible. Reports even suggest that any site with the word "gay" or "sex" is blocked.

The UAE's Media Regulatory Office banned the screening of Pixar's Lightyear in cinemas in June 2022, stating that the movie violated the Emirates' media content standards. The movie was opposed for depicting a same-sex relationship. Later that month, Majid, a popular Arabic-language comic book series for children, came under investigation by the UAE authorities for allegedly promoting homosexuality. The magazine withdrew its May 2022 edition, which depicted a multi-colored character. In one dialogue the character said, "Amazing, I have the capability to colour things... Ali will wish to become like me." According to The New Arab, a number of social media users had complained that Majid had intentionally used the Arabic word مثلي (mithli) in this character's speech, a word which means both a "homosexual" and "like me".

In June 2023, the UAE banned Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, a week ahead of its expected release in the region. The movie failed to pass the Emirates' censorship requirements, due to a scene that depicted a glimpse of a transgender flag displaying the words "Protect Trans Lives".

### United States (sub-national)

Several U.S. states have laws which prohibit or limit the mention or discussion of gay and transgender issues in public schools. In theory, these laws mainly apply to sex education courses, but they can also be applied to other parts of the school curriculum as well as to extracurricular activities and groups such as gay–straight alliances.

These explicit anti-LGBT curriculum laws can be found in six US states, namely Florida (for kindergarten to grade 3 and instruction that is considered "not age appropriate or developmentally appropriate for students" in any grade), Alabama (For kindergarten to grade 5), Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas. Five other states (Montana, Arizona, Arkansas, Tennessee and Florida) require parental notification of instruction on LGBTQ issues and allows parents to opt-out of such instruction.

They are similar to the now-repealed section 28 of the British Local Government Act 1988, which prohibited local authorities from "intentionally promoting homosexuality, publishing material with the intention of promoting homosexuality, or promoting the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship."

States that have repealed their anti-LGBT curriculum laws include Alabama (since 29 April 2021), Arizona (since 1 July 2019), North Carolina (since 2006), South Carolina (since 12 March 2020) and Utah (since 1 July 2017).

### Yemen

The government blocks access to webpages that express support of LGBT rights. This policy of censorship also extends to publications and magazines in Yemen.

In 2012, the magazine Al Thaqafiya was shut down by the government for publishing a review of the Egyptian film titled, Heena Maysara (translates to "Till things get better"). The reviewer, a Yemeni filmmaker named Hamid Aqbi, expressed some support for LGBT rights while discussing the film.

In 2004, the Yemem Times, an English-language magazine, was allowed to publish an opinion piece opposing legal recognition of gay marriage.

In 2003, the Week, an Arabic-language magazine, published an article that included interviews with Yemeni men imprisoned for homosexuality. The three journalists involved with the article were convicted by the government.

## Repealed laws

### Australia (sub-national)

In December 1989 in the state of Western Australia, the Parliament of Western Australia passed the Law Reform (Decriminalisation of Sodomy) Act 1989 which decriminalised private gay sex while making it a crime for a person to "...promote or encourage homosexual behaviour as part of the teaching in any primary or secondary educational institutions..." or make public policy with respect to the undefined promotion of homosexual behaviour. It was repealed in 2002 via the Acts Amendment (Gay and Lesbian Law Reform) Act 2002, which also repealed the laws with respect to promotion of homosexual behaviour in public policy and in educational institutions.

### Romania

"Article 200" (Articolul 200 in Romanian) was a section of the Penal Code of Romania that criminalised homosexual relationships. It was introduced in 1968 under the communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. Under pressure from the Council of Europe, it was amended on 14 November 1996, when homosexual sex in private between two consenting adults was decriminalised. However, the amended Article 200 continued to criminalise same-sex relationships if they were displayed publicly or caused a "public scandal". It also continued to ban the promotion of homosexual activities, as well as the formation of gay-centred organisations (including LGBT rights organisations). It was repealed by the Năstase government on 22 June 2001.

In June 2023, the Romanian Senate approved the draft law prohibiting spreading a theory that gender is different from biological sex and that there are more than two genders, but the President of Romania appealed to the Constitutional Court to review the draft law.

### South Korea

In 2001, South Korea 's Ministry of Information and Communication 's Information and Communications Ethics Committee began censoring online LGBT content, but it stopped the practice in 2003.

### United Kingdom

"Section 28" or "Clause 28" of the Local Government Act 1988 caused the addition of "Section 2A" to the Local Government Act 1986, which affected England, Wales and Scotland. The amendment was enacted on 24 May 1988, and stated that a local authority "shall not intentionally promote homosexuality or publish material with the intention of promoting homosexuality" or "promote the teaching in any maintained school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship".

The law's existence caused many groups to close or limit their activities or self-censor. For example, a number of lesbian, gay and bisexual student support groups in schools and colleges across Britain were closed owing to fears by council legal staff that they could breach the act.

It was repealed on 21 June 2000 in Scotland by the Ethical Standards in Public Life etc. (Scotland) Act 2000, one of the first pieces of legislation enacted by the new Scottish Parliament, and on 18 November 2003 in the rest of the United Kingdom by section 122 of the Local Government Act 2003.

## Rejected proposals

### Armenia

In August 2013, Armenian police briefly introduced a bill which would have banned "public promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships". According to Armenian police, "preserving the traditional Armenian family represents the pillar of national survival". The bill was removed from consideration after several days.

### Kazakhstan

On 26 May 2015, the Constitutional Council of Kazakhstan declared a pending bill, which would have banned the "propaganda of nontraditional sexual orientation", unconstitutional. The council rejected it because of its vague wording. The bill passed the Senate, Parliament 's upper house, in February 2015 and was sent to President Nursultan Nazarbayev for signature. It had already been approved by the lower house.

### Moldova (national)

On 23 May 2013, the Parliament of Moldova passed a bill which bans the propaganda of prostitution, paedophilia and "any other relations than those related to marriage and family in accordance with the Constitution and the Family Code". The bill also includes fines. The bill was signed into law on 5 July 2013 and came into effect on 12 July 2013. The law did not explicitly prohibit the "propaganda" of homosexuality, but it could have been interpreted as such by judges. On 11 October 2013, the Parliament passed a bill intended to remove the content which could have been interpreted as a ban on "homosexual propaganda".

In April 2016, lawmakers introduced a similar bill, which was approved in committee in May 2016. The bill would amend the Law on the Rights of the Child and the Code of Administrative Offenses and ban spreading "homosexual propaganda" to minors "through public meetings, the media, the Internet," and other means. The second draft law of 24 March 2017 envisaged amending the Law on Protection of Children from the Negative Impact of Information with a view to censor public dissemination of information about non-heterosexual relations/persons. The parliament refused to adopt the amendments in both cases.

### Ukraine

A draft law that would make it illegal to talk about homosexuality in public and in the media and to import, distribute, and broadcast video, photo, and audio products that "encourages homosexuality" (with penalties of up to five years in prison and fines for up to ₴ 5,000 (US$616)) was passed in first reading in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) on 2 October 2012. An estimated 20 community activists representing several organizations protested outside of the Verkhovna Rada building during the vote. On 4 October 2012, a second vote was tentatively scheduled for 16 October. In January 2015, the bill was removed from the agenda.

A petition was subsequently started by anti-gay groups, calling for "measures to be taken to stop the propaganda of homosexuality and for defending family values". In March 2018, Ukraine's Anti-Discrimination Ombudsperson removed the petition from the electronic petitions section. By then, the petition had received 23,000 signatures and support from various religious organisations. The Ombudsman described the petition as "anti-freedom", and deleted it due to "containing calls to restrict human rights".

### Haiti

In August 2017, a bill to jail same-sex couples who get married for three years, with a fine of $8,000, passed the Haitian Senate, but never became law. In 2017, the Senate voted to ban "any public demonstration of support for homosexuality and proselytizing in favour of such acts". The fate of this bill remains unknown.

## Legal restrictions on LGBT expression by jurisdiction

The data is provided by ILGA (with the exception of data on Kyrgyzstan and Iraq) and highlights the legal restrictions on LGBT expression by jurisdiction.

The ILGA classifies laws as the ones which explicitly censor LGBT issues and the ones which censor them non-explicitly. Countries without restrictions include Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand and the United States. Countries where the censorship is unclear include South Korea and the United Kingdom. Countries with explicit restrictions include Algeria, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia and Turkey.

In addition, Spartacus International Gay Guide also includes a censorship section on their index.