# Judicial Conference of the United States

## Abstract

The Judicial Conference of the United States, formerly known as the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, was created by the United States Congress in 1922 with the principal objective of framing policy guidelines for administration of judicial courts in the United States. The Conference derives its authority from 28 U.S.C. § 331, which states that it is headed by the chief justice of the United States and consists of the chief justice, the chief judge of each court of appeals federal regional circuit, a district court judge from various federal judicial districts, and the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade.

## History

Responding to a backlog of cases in the federal courts, in 1922 Congress enacted a new form of court administration that advanced the institutionalization of an independent judiciary. The establishment of an annual Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, later to be known as the Judicial Conference of the United States, culminated more than a decade of public debate on the reform of judicial administration. The Conference of Senior Circuit Judges provided the first formal mechanism by which members of the federal judiciary might develop national administrative policies, reassign judges temporarily, and recommend legislation.

Chief Justice William Howard Taft, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1921, had led a public campaign for federal judicial reform since leaving the White House in 1913. Taft proposed the appointment of at-large judges, what he called a "flying squadron", that could be assigned temporarily to congested courts. In Taft's plan, a conference of judges would serve primarily to assess the caseload of the lower courts and assign the at-large judges to courts in need. Taft, supported by a group of federal judges and legal scholars, hoped that the establishment of a more efficient federal judiciary would deflect the efforts of Senator George W. Norris and others who advocated an end to life tenure on the federal bench and the restriction of the lower federal courts' jurisdiction.

By the time Taft became Chief Justice, the increased caseload resulting from World War I and the enforcement of Prohibition had contributed to broad support for reform of the federal judiciary. Assuming a role as leader of the judiciary as well as the Supreme Court, Taft joined with Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee to urge legislation. A large majority in Congress agreed with the need for reform, but both the Senate and the House of Representatives insisted on revising Taft's proposals so that they conformed more closely to the traditions of the federal judiciary.

Congress established an annual conference of the chief justice of the United States (or the senior associate justice if the chief is unable), and the senior circuit judge (now called the chief judge) from each judicial circuit and charged the conference with a general mandate to advise on the administrative needs of the federal courts. The act required the senior judge in each district to prepare an annual report of the business of the district's court. The conference would use these reports to prepare suggestions for the temporary transfer of judges, pending the approval of all courts involved. This expansion of the authority to transfer judges fell far short of Taft's concept of a permanent corps of at-large judges. Congress established 24 temporary judgeships, but adhered to the principle of fixed residency for district judges. Congress also declined to make the attorney general a member of the conference, although the act permitted the chief justice to request the attorney general to report on the business of the courts. Even without a formal relationship with Congress or the Department of Justice (which then administered the federal courts), the conference offered the judiciary a means of communicating its administrative needs.

The conference was renamed the Judicial Conference of the United States in 1948. In 1956, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the Court of Claims. At that time, the judges of the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (CCPA) declined to include a representative on the conference. The size of the conference nearly doubled following an act of 1957 that provided for the appellate and district judges in each circuit to elect a district judge to represent the circuit on the conference for a term of three years. In 1961 the chief judge of the CCPA began serving on the conference. The chief judges of these Court of Claims and the CCPA served on the conference until 1982 when their courts merged to become the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In 1990, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade. In 1996, Congress expanded the district judge term up to five years and allowed senior district judges to serve.

## Committee activities

The Judicial Conference last revised its committee structure in 1987, then naming a total of 20 Standing Advisory Committees, seven of which were then newly organized:

- Administration of the Bankruptcy System, 1968-present

- Committee on Administration of the Magistrate Judges System, 1991-present

- Committee on Audits and Administrative Office Accountability, 2009-present

- Committee on the Budget, 1959-present

- Committee on Codes of Conduct, 1987-present

- Committee on Court Administration and Case Management, 1990-present

- Committee on Criminal Law, 1992-present

- Committee on Defender Services, 1987-present

Each Advisory Committee is charged, respectively, with drafting proposed amendments for submission to the:

- Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure; and

- Federal Rules of Evidence.

Members of the Advisory Committees include judges, representatives from the Department of Justice, law professors, and practicing attorneys. The Advisory Committees propose rules, subject them to public comment, and then submit them to the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure, which in turn submits them to the Judicial Conference, which recommends them to the Supreme Court for approval. Explanatory notes of the drafting Advisory Committee are published along with the final adopted rules, and are frequently used as an authority on the interpretation of the rules.

Other active policy areas concern the operation of CM/ECF, the Case Management/Electronic Case Files system, and PACER, the electronic public access service for United States federal court documents.

On occasion, the Conference has authorized investigations of federal judges accused of criminal malfeasance. Those deemed guilty have been referred to the House Judiciary Committee for impeachment. This has happened three times during the 21st century.

## Administrative Office of the United States Courts

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) is the administrative agency of the United States federal court system. The AO is the central support entity for the federal judicial branch. It provides a wide range of administrative, legal, financial, management, program, and information technology services to the federal courts. It was established in 1939.

The AO is directly supervised by the Judicial Conference, and implements and executes Judicial Conference policies, as well as applicable federal statutes and regulations. The AO facilitates communications within the judiciary and with Congress, the executive branch, and the public on behalf of the judiciary.

## Judicial councils

Judicial councils are panels of each federal judicial circuit that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits. Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline, the formulation of circuit policy, the implementation of policy directives received from the Judicial Conference, and the annual submission of a report to the Administrative Office on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct. Each judicial circuit consists of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit.

## Lists of members

### All members

The following list of Judicial Conference service is organized by the circuits and courts represented. It was compiled largely from the Reports of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference and is complete through the most recent meeting of the conference. The list contains the names of those judges who were members of the conference, but not those who may occasionally have attended in their absence. District Judges are identified by the district in which they served.

Supreme Court of the United States

- George H. Bingham, 1922–1938

- Scott Wilson, 1939

- Calvert Magruder, 1940–1959

- Peter Woodbury, 1959–1964

- Bailey Aldrich, 1965–1972

- Frank M. Coffin, 1972–1983

- Levin H. Campbell, 1983–1990

- Stephen G. Breyer, 1990–1994

- Juan R. Torruella, 1994–2001

- Michael Boudin, 2001–2008

- Sandra Lynch, 2008–2015

- Jeffrey R. Howard, 2015–2022

- David J. Barron, 2022–present

- George Clinton Sweeney (D. Mass.), 1958–1961

- Francis Ford (D. Mass.), 1961–1967

- Edward T. Gignoux (D. Me.), 1967–1973

- Andrew Caffrey (D. Mass.), 1973–1979

- Raymond J. Pettine (D.R.I.), 1979–1982

- W. Arthur Garrity Jr. (D. Mass.), 1982–1985

- Juan M. Perez-Gimenez (D.P.R.), 1985–1988

- Frank H. Freedman (D. Mass.), 1988–1991

- Francis J. Boyle (D.R.I.), 1991–1994

- Joseph L. Tauro (D. Mass.), 1995–1997

- Joseph A. DiClerico Jr. (D.N.H.), 1998–2000

- D. Brock Hornby (D. Me.), 2000–2003

- Hector M. Laffitte (D.P.R.), 2003–2006

- Ernest C. Torres (D.R.I.), 2007–2009

- Mary M. Lisi (D.R.I.), 2009

- Mark L. Wolf (D. Mass.), 2009–2012

- Paul Barbadoro (D.N.H.), 2012–2017

- Nancy Torresen (D. Me.), 2017–2021

- Gustavo Gelpí (D.P.R.), 2021

- Aida Delgado-Colón (D.P.R.), 2021–2023

- William E. Smith (D.R.I.), 2023–present

- Henry Wade Rogers, 1922–1925

- Charles Merrill Hough, 1926

- Martin T. Manton, 1926–1938

- Learned Hand, 1939–1951

- Thomas W. Swan, 1951–1953

- Harrie B. Chase, 1953–1954

- Charles E. Clark, 1954–1959

- J. Edward Lumbard, 1960–1971

- Henry J. Friendly, 1971–1973

- Irving R. Kaufman, 1973–1980

- Wilfred Feinberg, 1980–1988

- James L. Oakes, 1989–1992

- Thomas J. Meskill, 1992–1993

- Jon O. Newman, 1993–1997

- Ralph K. Winter Jr., 1997–2000

- John M. Walker Jr., 2000–2006

- Dennis G. Jacobs, 2006–2013

- Robert A. Katzmann, 2013–2020

- Debra Ann Livingston, 2020–present

- Edward Jordan Dimock (S.D.N.Y.), 1958–1959

- Sylvester J. Ryan (S.D.N.Y.), 1959–1968

- Sidney Sugarman (S.D.N.Y.), 1968–1971

- David N. Edelstein (S.D.N.Y.), 1971–1974

- Jacob Mishler (E.D.N.Y.), 1974–1977

- T. Emmet Clarie (D. Conn.), 1977–1980

- Lloyd F. MacMahon (S.D.N.Y.), 1980–1982

- Constance B. Motley (S.D.N.Y.), 1982–1983

- Jack B. Weinstein (E.D.N.Y.), 1983–1986

- John T. Curtin (W.D.N.Y.), 1986–1989

- Charles L. Brieant (S.D.N.Y.), 1989–1995

- Peter Dorsey (D. Conn.), 1996–1998

- Charles P. Sifton (E.D.N.Y)., 1998–2001

- Frederick Scullin (N.D.N.Y.), 2001–2004

- Michael B. Mukasey (S.D.N.Y.), 2005–2006

- Kimba M. Wood (S.D.N.Y.), 2006–2007

- William K. Sessions III (D. Vt.), 2007–2010

- Raymond J. Dearie (E.D.N.Y.), 2010–2011

- Carol Amon (E.D.N.Y.), 2011–2013

- William M. Skretny (W.D.N.Y.), 2013–2016

- Colleen McMahon (S.D.N.Y.), 2016–2020

- Stefan R. Underhill (D. Conn.), 2020–2023

- Margo Kitsy Brodie (E.D.N.Y.), 2023–present

- Joseph Buffington, 1922–1937

- John Warren Davis, 1938

- John Biggs Jr., 1939–1965

- Harry E. Kalodner, 1966

- Austin Staley, 1966–1967

- William H. Hastie, 1968–1971

- Collins J. Seitz, 1971–1984

- Ruggero J. Aldisert, 1984–1986

- John J. Gibbons, 1987–1989

- A. Leon Higginbotham, 1990

- Dolores Sloviter, 1991–1997

- Edward R. Becker, 1998–2003

- Anthony J. Scirica, 2003–2010

- Theodore A. McKee, 2010–2016

- D. Brooks Smith, 2016–2021

- Michael Chagares, 2021–present

- Phillip Forman (D.N.J.), 1957–1959

- James Cullen Ganey (E.D. Pa.), 1959–1961

- Thomas M. Madden (D.N.J.), 1961–1966

- Thomas James Clary (E.D. Pa.), 1966–1968

- Wallace S. Gourley (W.D. Pa.), 1968–1970

- Caleb M. Wright (D. Del.), 1970–1972

- Michael Henry Sheridan (M.D. Pa.), 1972–1975

- Lawrence A. Whipple (D.N.J.), 1975–1978

- Alfred Leopold Luongo (E.D. Pa.), 1978–1981

- Gerald J. Weber (W.D. Pa.), 1981–1984

- Walter K. Stapleton (D. Del.), 1984–1985

- Murray M. Schwartz (D. Del.), 1985–1987

- William J. Nealon (M.D. Pa.), 1987–1990

- John F. Gerry (D.N.J.), 1990–1994

- Edward N. Cahn (E.D. Pa.), 1994–1997

- Donald E. Ziegler (W.D. Pa.), 1998–2000

- Sue L. Robinson (D. Del.), 2000–2003

- Thomas I. Vanaskie (M.D. Pa.), 2003–2005

- Garrett E. Brown Jr. (D.N.J.), 2005–2008

- Harvey Bartle III (E.D. Pa.), 2008–2011

- Gary L. Lancaster (W.D. Pa.), 2011–2013

- Joy Flowers Conti (W.D. Pa.), 2013–2015

- Leonard P. Stark (D. Del.), 2015–2017

- Christopher C. Conner (M.D. Pa.), 2017–2021

- Freda L. Wolfson, (D.N.J.), 2021–2023

- Renée Marie Bumb, (D.N.J.), 2023

- Juan Ramon Sánchez, (E.D. Pa.), 2023–2024

- Mitchell S. Goldberg, (E.D. Pa.), 2024–present

- Charles Albert Woods, 1922–1924

- Edmund Waddill Jr., 1925–1930

- John Johnston Parker, 1931–1957

- Simon E. Sobeloff, 1958–1964

- Clement F. Haynsworth, 1964–1981

- Harrison L. Winter, 1981–1989

- Sam J. Ervin III, 1989–1995

- J. Harvie Wilkinson III, 1996–2003

- William W. Wilkins, 2003–2007

- Karen J. Williams, 2007–2009

- William B. Traxler Jr., 2009–2016

- Roger Gregory, 2016–2023

- Albert Diaz, 2023–present

- Roszel C. Thomsen (D. Md.), 1958–1964

- Walter E. Hoffman (E.D. Va.), 1964–1970

- Oren R. Lewis (E.D. Va.), 1970–1973

- Charles E. Simons (D.S.C.), 1973–1979

- Robert R. Merhige (E.D. Va.), 1980–1985

- Frank Kaufman (D. Md.), 1985–1991

- W. Earl Britt (E.D.N.C.), 1991–1997

- Charles H. Haden II (S.D. W. Va.), 1998–2002

- David C. Norton (D.S.C.), 2003–2007

- James P. Jones (W.D. Va.), 2007–2011

- Deborah K. Chasanow (D. Md.), 2011–2016

- Robert J. Conrad, (W.D.N.C.), 2016–2021

- John P. Bailey (N.D. W. Va.) 2021–present

- Richard Wilde Walker Jr., 1922–1929

- Nathan Philemon Bryan, 1930–1934

- Rufus Edward Foster, 1935–1941

- Samuel Hale Sibley, 1942–1947

- Joseph Chappell Hutcheson Jr., 1948–1959

- Richard Taylor Rives, 1959–1960

- Elbert Parr Tuttle, 1961–1967

- John R. Brown, 1967–1979

- James P. Coleman, 1980

- John Cooper Godbold, 1981

- Charles Clark, 1982–1991

- Henry A. Politz, 1992–1998

- Carolyn Dineen King, 1999–2006

- Edith Hollan Jones, 2006–2012

- Carl E. Stewart, 2012–2019

- Priscilla Richman, 2019–present

- Seybourn Harris Lynne (N.D. Ala.), 1958–1959

- Ben Clarkson Connally (S.D. Tex.), 1959–1962

- John Milton Bryan Simpson (M.D. Fla.), 1962–1965

- Herbert William Christenberry (E.D. La.), 1965–1968

- G. Harrold Carswell (N.D. Fla.), 1968–1969

- Joe Ewing Estes (N.D. Tex.), 1969–1971

- E. Gordon West (E.D. & M.D. La.), 1971–1974

- Alexander Lawrence (S.D. Ga.), 1974–1977

- William C. Keady (N.D. Miss.), 1977–1980

- John V. Singleton (S.D. Tex.), 1980–1983

- Adrian G. Duplantier (E.D. La.), 1983–1986

- Lyonel Thomas Senter Jr. (N.D. Miss.), 1986–1989

- Barefoot Sanders (N.D. Tex.), 1989–1992

- Morey L. Sear (E.D. La.), 1992–1995

- William H. Barbour Jr. (S.D. Miss.), 1996–1998

- Hayden Wilson Head Jr. (S.D. Tex.), 1999–2001

- Martin L. C. Feldman (E.D. La.), 2001–2004

- Glen H. Davidson (N.D. Miss.), 2005–2007

- Sim Lake III (S.D. Tex.), 2007–2010

- Sarah S. Vance (E.D. La.), 2010–2013

- Louis Guirola Jr. (S.D. Miss.), 2013–2016

- Lee H. Rosenthal (S.D. Tex.), 2016–2020

- S. Maurice Hicks Jr. (W.D. La.), 2020–2023

- Debra M. Brown (N.D. Miss.), 2023–present

- Loyal Edwin Knappen, 1922–1923

- Arthur C. Denison, 1924–1931

- Charles H. Moorman, 1932–1937

- Xenophon Hicks, 1938–1951

- Charles Casper Simons, 1952–1958

- Florence E. Allen, 1958

- John Donelson Martin, Sr., 1959

- Thomas Francis McAllister, 1959–1960

- Shackelford Miller Jr., 1961–1962

- Lester LeFevre Cecil, 1962–1963

- Paul C. Weick, 1964–1969

- Harry P. Phillips, 1969–1978

- George Clifton Edwards Jr., 1979–1983

- Pierce Lively, 1984–1988

- Albert J. Engel, 1988–1989

- Gilbert S. Merritt, 1990–1996

- Boyce F. Martin Jr., 1997–2003

- Danny J. Boggs, 2003–2009

- Alice M. Batchelder, 2009–2014

- R. Guy Cole Jr., 2014–2021

- Jeffrey Sutton, 2021–present

- Paul J. Jones (N.D. Ohio), 1958–1960

- Marion Speed Boyd (W.D. Tenn.), 1960–1963

- Ralph McKenzie Freeman (E.D. Mich.), 1963–1966

- Mac Swinford (E.D. & W.D. Ky.), 1966–1969

- Carl A. Weinman (S.D. Ohio), 1969–1972

- Robert Love Taylor (judge) (E.D. Tenn.), 1972–1975

- Damon J. Keith (E.D. Mich.), 1975–1978

- Charles M. Allen (W.D. Ky.), 1978–1981

- Frank J. Battisti (N.D. Ohio), 1981–1984

- Robert Malcolm McRae Jr. (W.D. Tenn.), 1984–1987

- Philip Pratt (E.D. Mich.), 1987–1989

- James P. Churchill (E.D. Mich.), 1989–1990

- Eugene Siler (E.D. & W.D. Ky.), 1990–1991

- Edward Johnstone (W.D. Ky.), 1991–1993

- Thomas Lambros (N.D. Ohio), 1993–1994

- John D. Holschuh (S.D. Ohio), 1995

- S. Arthur Spiegel (S.D. Ohio), 1995–1996

- Thomas A. Wiseman Jr. (M.D. Tenn.), 1997–2001

- Lawrence P. Zatkoff (E.D. Mich.), 2001–2004

- William Bertelsman (E.D. Ky.), 2005–2006

- Charles R. Simpson III (W.D. Ky.), 2006–2007

- Thomas M. Rose (S.D. Ohio), 2007–2009

- Solomon Oliver Jr. (N.D. Ohio), 2009–2010

- Thomas A. Varlan (E.D. Tenn.), 2010–2013

- Paul Lewis Maloney (W.D. Mich.), 2013–2016

- Joseph Martin Hood (E.D. Ky.), 2016–2019

- Thomas B. Russell (W.D. Ky.), 2019–2020

- Michael H. Watson (S.D. Ohio), 2020–2021

- Sara Elizabeth Lioi (N.D. Ohio), 2021–2023

- S. Thomas Anderson (W.D. Tenn.), 2023–present

- Francis E. Baker, 1922–1923

- Samuel Alschuler, 1924–1934

- Evan A. Evans, 1935–1947

- William Morris Sparks, 1948

- James Earl Major, 1949–1954

- Francis Ryan Duffy, 1954–1959

- John S. Hastings, 1959–1968

- Latham Castle, 1968–1969

- Luther M. Swygert, 1970–1974

- Thomas E. Fairchild, 1975–1981

- Walter J. Cummings, 1981–1986

- William J. Bauer, 1987–1993

- Richard A. Posner, 1994–2000

- Joel M. Flaum, 2000–2006

- Frank H. Easterbrook, 2006–2013

- Diane Pamela Wood, 2013–2020

- Diane S. Sykes, 2020–present

- William Joseph Campbell (N.D. Ill.), 1958–1961

- Luther M. Swygert (N.D. Ind.), 1961

- William E. Steckler (S.D. Ind.), 1962–1964

- Kenneth P. Grubb (E.D. Wis), 1964–1965

- Edwin A. Robson (N.D. Ill.), 1966–1969

- Robert A. Grant (N.D. Ind.), 1969–1972

- James Edward Doyle (W.D. Wis.), 1972–1975

- James B. Parsons (N.D. Ill.), 1975–1978

- S. Hugh Dillin (S.D. Ind.), 1979–1982

- John W. Reynolds (E.D. Wis.), 1982–1985

- Frank J. McGarr (N.D. Ill.), 1985–1987

- Sarah Evans Barker (S.D. Ind.), 1988–1991

- Barbara Crabb (W.D. Wis.), 1991–1994

- Michael M. Mihm (C.D. Ill.), 1995–1997

- Robert Lowell Miller Jr. (N.D. Ind.), 1998–2000

- Marvin Aspen (N.D. Ill.), 2000–2003

- J.P. Stadtmueller (E.D. Wis.), 2003–2006

- Wayne Andersen (N.D. Ill.), 2006–2009

- Richard L. Young (S.D. Ind.), 2009–2012

- Rubén Castillo (N.D. Ill.), 2012–2016

- Michael Joseph Reagan (S.D. Ill.), 2016–2019

- Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (N.D. Ill.), 2019–2021

- Jon DeGuilio (N.D. Ind.), 2021–present

- Walter Henry Sanborn, 1922–1926

- Kimbrough Stone, 1927–1947

- Archibald K. Gardner, 1947–1959

- Harvey M. Johnsen, 1959–1965

- Charles Joseph Vogel, 1965–1967

- Martin D. Van Oosterhout, 1968–1970

- Marion C. Matthes, 1970–1973

- Pat Mehaffy, 1973–1974

- Floyd R. Gibson, 1974–1979

- Donald P. Lay, 1980–1991

- Richard Arnold, 1992–1998

- Pasco M. Bowman II, 1998–1999

- Roger L. Wollman, 1999–2002

- David R. Hansen, 2002–2003

- James B. Loken, 2003–2010

- William J. Riley, 2010–2017

- Lavenski Smith, 2017–2024

- Steven Colloton, 2024–present

- Gunnar Hans Nordbye (D. Minn.), 1958–1962

- John Elvis Miller (W.D. Ark.), 1962–1963

- Richard M. Duncan (E.D. & W.D. Mo.), 1963–1965

- Roy W. Harper (E.D. & W.D. Mo.), 1965–1971

- Oren Harris (E.D. & W.D. Ark.), 1971–1974

- James H. Meredith (E.D. Mo.), 1974–1979

- Albert G. Schatz (D. Neb.), 1979–1985

- John F. Nangle (E.D. Mo.), 1985–1990

- Donald E. O'Brien (N.D. & S.D. Iowa), 1991–1997

- James M. Rosenbaum (D. Minn.), 1998–2005

- Lawrence L. Piersol (D.S.D.), 2006–2009

- Rodney W. Sippel (E.D. Mo.), 2009–2015

- Karen E. Schreier (D.S.D.), 2015–2016

- Linda R. Reade (N.D. Iowa), 2016–2021

- John R. Tunheim (D. Minn.), 2021–present

- William Ball Gilbert, 1922–1930

- Curtis Dwight Wilbur, 1931–1944

- Francis Arthur Garrecht, 1945–1947

- William Denman, 1948–1957

- Albert Lee Stephens, 1957–1958

- Walter Lyndon Pope, 1959

- Richard H. Chambers, 1959–1976

- James R. Browning, 1976–1988

- Alfred T. Goodwin, 1988–1990

- J. Clifford Wallace, 1991–1995

- Procter Ralph Hug Jr., 1996–2000

- Mary M. Schroeder, 2001–2007

- Alex Kozinski, 2007–2014

- Sidney R. Thomas, 2014–2021

- Mary H. Murguia, 2021–present

- William C. Mathes (S.D. Cal.), 1958–1960

- William J. Lindberg (E.D. & W.D. Wash.), 1960–1963

- Gus J. Solomon (D. Ore.), 1963–1965

- Albert Wollenberg (N.D. Cal.), 1966–1969

- Fred M. Taylor (D. Idaho), 1969–1972

- Jesse W. Curtis (C.D. Cal.), 1972–1975

- Thomas J. MacBride (E.D. Cal.), 1975–1978

- Morell Sharp (W.D. Wash.), 1978–1980

- Raymond Clyne McNichols (D. Idaho), 1980–1981

- Manuel L. Real (C.D. Cal.), 1981–1984

- Robert J. McNichols (E.D. Wash.), 1984–1987

- Robert F. Peckham (N.D. Cal.), 1987–1990

- William D. Browning (D. Ariz.), 1990–1993

- William Matthew Byrne Jr. (C.D. Cal.), 1993–1996

- Lloyd D. George (D. Nev.), 1997–1999

- Judith N. Keep (S.D. Cal.), 1999–2003

- David Alan Ezra (D. Haw.), 2003–2005

- Charles R. Breyer (N.D. Cal.), 2006–2010

- Robert S. Lasnik (W.D. Wash.), 2010–2016

- Claudia Ann Wilken (N.D. Cal.), 2016–2019

- Rosanna M. Peterson (E.D. Wash), 2019–2021

- Leslie E. Kobayashi (D. Haw), 2021–present

- Robert E. Lewis, 1929–1940

- Orie Leon Phillips, 1940–1955

- Sam Gilbert Bratton, 1956–1959

- Alfred P. Murrah, 1959–1970

- David T. Lewis, 1970–1977

- Oliver Seth, 1978–1984

- William Judson Holloway Jr., 1984–1991

- Monroe McKay, 1991–1993

- Stephanie K. Seymour, 1994–2000

- Deanell R. Tacha, 2001–2007

- Robert H. Henry, 2008–2010

- Mary Beck Briscoe, 2010–2015

- Timothy Tymkovich, 2015–2022

- Jerome Holmes, 2022–present

- Eugene Rice (E.D. Okla.), 1958

- Royce H. Savage (N.D. Okla.), 1958–1961

- Ewing Thomas Kerr (D. Wyo.), 1962–1964

- Alfred A. Arraj (D. Colo.), 1964–1967

- Arthur Jehu Stanley Jr. (D. Kan.), 1967–1970

- Olin Hatfield Chilson (D. Colo.), 1970–1973

- Frederick A. Daugherty (E.D., N.D., & W.D. Okla.), 1973–1976

- Wesley E. Brown (D. Kan.), 1976–1979

- Howard C. Bratton (D.N.M.), 1979–1982

- Luther B. Eubanks (W.D. Okla.), 1982–1985

- Sherman G. Finesilver (D. Colo.), 1985–1988

- Earl E. O'Connor (D. Kan.), 1988–1991

- Richard P. Matsch (D. Colo.), 1991–1994

- Clarence A. Brimmer (D. Wyo.), 1994–1997

- Ralph G. Thompson (W.D. Okla.), 1998–2000

- Frank Howell Seay (E.D. Okla.), 2000–2003

- David L. Russell (W.D. Okla.), 2003–2006

- Alan B. Johnson (D. Wyo.), 2006–2009

- Robin J. Cauthron (W.D. Okla.), 2009–2012

- Dee Benson (D. Utah), 2012–2016

- Martha Vázquez (D.N.M.), 2016–2019

- Claire Eagan (N.D. Okla.), 2019–2023

- William P. Johnson (D.N.M.), 2023–present

- John C. Godbold, 1982–1986

- Paul H. Roney, 1986–1989

- Gerald B. Tjoflat, 1990–1996

- Joseph W. Hatchett, 1997–1999

- R. Lanier Anderson III, 1999–2002

- J. L. Edmondson, 2002–2009

- Joel F. Dubina, 2009–2013

- Ed Carnes, 2013–2020

- William H. Pryor Jr., 2020–present

- William Clark O'Kelley (N.D. Ga.), 1982–1984

- James Lawrence King (S.D. Fla.), 1984–1987

- Sam C. Pointer (N.D. Ala.), 1987–1990

- Anthony Alaimo (S.D. Ga.), 1990–1993

- William Terrell Hodges (M.D. Fla.), 1994–1999

- Charles Randolph Butler Jr. (S.D. Ala.), 1999–2003

- J. Owen Forrester (N.D. Ga.), 2003–2005

- Robert L. Hinkle (N.D. Fla.), 2006–2007

- Myron H. Thompson (M.D. Ala.), 2007–2011

- W. Louis Sands (M.D. Ga.), 2011–2015

- Federico A. Moreno (S.D. Fla.), 2015–2020

- L. Scott Coogler (N.D. Ala.), 2020–present

- Duncan Lawrence Groner, 1938–1947

- Harold Montelle Stephens, 1948–1955

- Henry White Edgerton, 1955–1958

- E. Barrett Prettyman, 1959–1960

- Wilbur Kingsbury Miller, 1961–1962

- David L. Bazelon, 1963–1977

- J. Skelly Wright, 1978–1980

- Carl McGowan, 1981

- Spottswood W. Robinson III, 1981–1986

- Patricia M. Wald, 1986–1990

- Abner Mikva, 1991–1994

- Harry T. Edwards, 1994–2001

- Douglas H. Ginsburg, 2001–2008

- David B. Sentelle, 2008–2013

- Merrick B. Garland, 2013–2020

- Sri Srinivasan, 2020–present

- Bolitha Laws (D.D.C.), 1958

- David Andrew Pine (D.D.C.), 1959–1961

- Matthew F. McGuire (D.D.C.), 1961–1967

- Edward M. Curran (D.D.C.), 1968–1971

- John J. Sirica (D.D.C.), 1971–1974

- George L. Hart (D.D.C.), 1974–1975

- William Blakely Jones (D.D.C.), 1975–1977

- William B. Bryant (D.D.C.), 1977–1981

- John Lewis Smith (D.D.C.), 1981–1982

- Aubrey E. Robinson Jr. (D.D.C.), 1982–1992

- John Garrett Penn (D.D.C.), 1992–1997

- Norma Holloway Johnson (D.D.C.), 1997–2001

- Thomas F. Hogan (D.D.C.), 2001–2008

- Royce C. Lamberth (D.D.C.), 2008–2013

- Richard W. Roberts (D.D.C.), 2013–2016

- Beryl A. Howell (D.D.C.), 2016–2023

- James Boasberg (D.D.C.), 2023–present

- Howard T. Markey, 1983–1990

- Helen W. Nies, 1990–1994

- Glenn L. Archer Jr., 1994–1997

- Haldane Robert Mayer, 1998–2004

- Paul R. Michel, 2004–2010

- Randall R. Rader, 2010–2014

- Sharon Prost, 2014–2021

- Kimberly A. Moore, 2021–present

(prior to merger of the appellate division into the Federal Circuit)

- Marvin Jones, 1956–1964

- Wilson Cowen, 1964–1976

- Oscar H. Davis, 1977–1978

- Daniel M. Friedman, 1978–1982

(prior to merger into the Federal Circuit)

- Eugene Worley, 1961–1972

- Howard T. Markey, 1972–1982

- Edward D. Re, 1990–1991

- Gregory Carman, 1991

- Dominick L. DiCarlo, 1992–1996

- Gregory W. Carman, 1997–2003

- Jane A. Restani, 2003–2010

- Donald C. Pogue, 2010–2014

- Timothy C. Stanceu, 2014–2021

- Mark A. Barnett, 2021–present


Argument of latitude

# Argument of latitude

## Abstract

In celestial mechanics, the argument of latitude (u {\displaystyle u}) is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Kepler orbit. It is the angle between the ascending node and the body.

It is the sum of the more commonly used true anomaly and argument of periapsis.

u = ν + ω {\displaystyle u=\nu +\omega }

where u {\displaystyle u} is the argument of latitude, ν {\displaystyle \nu } the true anomaly, and ω {\displaystyle \omega } the argument of periapsis.


UConn Huskies men's ice hockey

# UConn Huskies men's ice hockey

## Abstract

The UConn Huskies men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Connecticut. The Huskies are a member of the Hockey East conference. The Huskies play in the on-campus Toscano Family Ice Forum, having moved from the XL Center in Hartford, Connecticut during the 2022–23 season.

## History

The Huskies men's ice hockey program began in 1960 under head coach John Chapman. UConn began NCAA competition at the NCAA Division III level in the ECAC East.

Prior to 1998, the Huskies played all home games outdoors at a partially enclosed rink on-campus near Memorial Stadium. The UConn Hockey Rink had a roof but was open on the sides. However, in preparation for the upgrade to Division I, the University built the Mark Edward Freitas Ice Forum. Construction began in 1996, and the first indoor home game for UConn was on November 7, 1998.

The move to NCAA Division I status allowed the team to join other Husky athletic programs. In 1998 they joined the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, after previously playing for 38 years in the Division III ECAC East. At the time, head coach Bruce Marshall was in his tenth season at the position. In its 2nd season in the 2000 MAAC Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, UConn beat Iona 6-1 to win its 1st league championship. However, due to a 2-year probationary period placed on the MAAC for an automatic bid to the NCAA Ice Hockey championship by the league champion, UConn was unable to participate in the NCAA tournament that year. It has been the only championship Uconn has won since moving to Division I. But when the athletic department was forced to remove all athletic scholarships from the sport in order to comply with Title IX, and the Huskies consistently finished in the bottom few spots of the national computer rankings before the most recent season. In 2003, the MAAC formed a new league called Atlantic Hockey.

In June 2010, the University announced that the team would face Sacred Heart at Rentschler Field in East Hartford on February 13, 2011, as part of a doubleheader also featuring a game between the women's team and the Providence Friars. The Huskies won this game 3-1, in front of 1,711 fans. The Huskies also played their first ever game at the XL Center in downtown Hartford that year, though this was not originally scheduled. Due to heavy snow accumulation on the Freitas roof, the team's February 5 game against Army was moved to the off-camps arena, also home to the Connecticut Whale of the American Hockey League. In spite of free admission, only 891 fans turned up on short notice to watch the Huskies lose 5-3. As a whole, the 2010-11 season was also a major improvement for the Huskies, who advance to the Atlantic Hockey Tournament semifinals at Blue Cross Arena before being eliminated. They finished with a final record of 16-18-4. One of the major factors in the turnaround was the young recruits the Huskies had signed. Freshman Cole Schneider led the team with 32 points, while sophomore Sean Ambrosie finished second with 29. Meanwhile, sophomore Garrett Bartus set a school record with 1,085 saves. The 2011-12 AHA preseason rankings reflected the newly gained reputation, with the Huskies ranked fifth out of twelve teams. The Huskies posted a winning record once again in the 2012-13 season.

On June 21, 2012, UConn announced the program would join Hockey East as the conference's 12th member beginning in the 2014-15 season. Prior to the move into Hockey East, on January 7, 2013, head coach Bruce Marshall resigned after 25 years and was replaced in interim by Asst. Dave Berard. The season ended with a record of 17-13-4. The team finished 4th in the AHA, drawing a crowd of 1438 for their final home game of the season against Sacred Heart. As part of the move from Atlantic Hockey to Hockey East, the university added 18 scholarships for the men's ice hockey team and additional scholarships to existing women's sports programs to meet Title IX gender equity requirements. The university also investigated options to significantly renovate the Freitas Ice Forum, which has a seating capacity around 2,000 fans, and mostly consists of metal bleachers; or build a new, larger ice arena on-campus. As a new member of Hockey East, the team played home games at the 15,635-seat former NHL arena, the XL Center in downtown Hartford, with other select (home) games at the Webster Bank Arena in Bridgeport. A study by the university projected a cost around $20,000 a game to play at the XL Center.

Head coach Mike Cavanaugh, who spent 18 seasons as an assistant at Boston College, was hired to guide UConn into their new era of scholarship hockey in the Hockey East. He coached Uconn's final season (2013–14) in Atlantic Hockey to a record of 18-14-4, with wins over future Hockey East opponents Providence and Umass, while playing to a 2-2 draw with eventual 2014 NCAA Champ Union. Uconn made a successful transition to Hockey East in 2014-15 as they finished in the top 10 nationally in home attendance (5,396) while also leading their new conference. They were also competitive on the ice as their transition year resulted in 4 wins over top 20 teams while gaining ties with national championship game finalists Providence and Boston University. Starting in the 2015-16 season all home games were played at the XL Center, which drew a much better attendance per game (5,879) than those at the Webster Bank Arena (2,900) in which UConn appeared during the 2014-15 season.

Groundbreaking took place on May 22, 2021 to start construction for UConn's new $48 million ice hockey rink at the Storrs campus, for an opening in fall 2022. The 2,600-seat Toscano Family Ice Forum opened in January 2023 adjacent to the current Freitas Ice Forum in the Athletics District on Jim Calhoun Way. The team facilities will also include team lounges; dry locker area and locker rooms with video displays; training space with a hydrotherapy area; strength and conditioning room; and other areas such as coaches' offices. The new 97,300-square-foot facility will meet all NCAA Division I ice hockey requirements and all Hockey East regulations, which the Freitas Ice Forum does not.

## Season-by-season results

Source:

## Coaching staff

The Huskies are coached by Mike Cavanaugh, the fourth head coach in program history.

### All-time coaching records

As of completion of 2023–24 season

† David Berard served as an interim head coach after Bruce Marshall took a medical leave of absence.

## Awards and honors

### NCAA

#### All-Americans

AHCA Second Team All-Americans

- 2020–21: Jonny Evans, F

- 2021–22: Ryan Tverberg, F

### ECAC East

#### All-Conference Teams

First Team

- 1991–92: Chris Potter, D; Bryan Krygier, F

- 1992–93: Chris Potter, D

- 1994–95: Bryan Quinn, F

- 1995–96: Ryan Equale, F

Second Team

- 1987–88: Todd Krygier, F

- 1989–90: Bryan Krygier, F

- 1990–91: Bryan Krygier, F

- 1991–92: Mike Krygier, F

- 1993–94: D. J. LeBlanc, F

- 1997–98: Eric Linkowski, D

### MAAC

#### Individual awards

#### All-Conference Teams

First Team

- 1998–99: Geoff Angell, F

- 2001–02: Mike Boylan, D

Second Team

- 1998–99: Rob Martin, D

- 2000–01: Michael Goldkind, F

Rookie Team

- 1998–99: Jon Chain, G; Mike Boylan, D

- 2000–01: Eric Nelson, D

- 2001–02: Adam Rhein, D

### Atlantic Hockey

#### Individual awards

#### All-Conference Teams

First Team

- 2003–04: Eric Nelson, D; Tim Olsen, F

- 2004–05: Tim Olsen, F

- 2011–12: Cole Schneider, F

Second Team

- 2006–07: Matt Scherer, F

- 2007–08: Beau Erickson, G

- 2008–09: Sean Erickson, D

- 2011–12: Alex Gerke, D

Third Team

- 2006–07: Sean Erickson, D

- 2012–13: Matt Grogan, G

- 2013–14: Brant Harris, F

Rookie Team

- 2003–04: Scott Tomes, G; Matt Scherer, F

- 2004–05: Brad Smith, G

- 2005–06: Sean Erickson, D

- 2009–10: Alex Greke, D

- 2010–11: Cole Schneider, F

### Hockey East

#### Individual awards

#### All-Conference Teams

First Team

- 2021–22: Ryan Tverberg, F

Second Team

- 2015–16: Maxim Letunov, F

- 2017–18: Maxim Letunov, F

- 2021–22: Jáchym Kondelík, F

Third Team

- 2016–17: Tage Thompson, F

- 2018–19: Karl El-Mir, F

Rookie Team

- 2015–16: Maxim Letunov, F

- 2022–23: Matthew Wood, F

## Statistical leaders

Source:

### Career goaltending leaders

GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

Minimum 50 Games

Statistics current through the start of the 2021-22 season.

## Current roster

As of September 21, 2023.

## Huskies in the NHL

As of July 1, 2024.

Source:


# List of accolades received by Carol (film)

## Abstract

Carol is a 2015 British-American romantic drama film directed by Todd Haynes, with a screenplay by Phyllis Nagy, based on Patricia Highsmith 's 1952 romance novel The Price of Salt. The film stars Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara as Carol Aird and Therese Belivet, two women from different social classes and backgrounds embarking on a lesbian relationship in early 1950s New York City. Sarah Paulson, Kyle Chandler, and Jake Lacy feature in supporting roles. Carol premiered at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Queer Palm and Mara tied for the Best Actress award.

The film received critical acclaim, particularly for Haynes' direction, Blanchett and Mara's performances, Edward Lachman 's cinematography, Carter Burwell 's score, and Sandy Powell 's costumes. It was Metacritic 's best-reviewed film of 2015, and Rotten Tomatoes ' best-reviewed romance film of the year. In 2016, the British Film Institute named Carol the best LGBT film of all time, as voted by more than 100 film experts, including critics, filmmakers, curators, academics, and programmers. The BBC also ranked Carol Number 69 of the best 100 films since the year 2000, as voted by 177 film critics from 36 countries.

Carol garnered many accolades from industry and critics organizations. It received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Cinematography, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It led the Golden Globe Award nominations with five, for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress for Blanchett and Mara, Best Director, and Best Original Score, and garnered nine BAFTA Award nominations, among them Best Film, Best Direction, Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and Best Adapted Screenplay. At the 31st Independent Spirit Awards, the film won Best Cinematography out of six nominations, including Best Feature, Best Director, and Best Female Lead for Blanchett and Mara. The actresses also received Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role, respectively.

The American Film Institute selected Carol as one of its ten Movies of the Year. It won the Audience Award at the Whistler Film Festival, and the Chicago International Film Festival 's Gold Q Hugo Award for exhibiting "new artistic perspectives on sexuality and identity". Lachman was awarded the grand prize for Best Cinematography by the Camerimage International Film Festival, and the London Film Critics' Circle Technical Achievement Award. The National Society of Film Critics and Boston Society of Film Critics awarded Haynes and Lachman Best Director and Best Cinematography. The New York Film Critics Circle awarded Carol Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Cinematography, and the film won Best Music from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association. The film also received nine nominations from the Critics Choice Association, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress. Carol was named the Best International Literary Adaptation by the Frankfurt Book Fair.


List of cities in British Columbia

# List of cities in British Columbia

## Abstract

According to the 2021 Canadian census, British Columbia is the third most populous province in Canada, with 5,000,879 inhabitants, and the fourth largest province by land area, covering 920,686.55 square kilometres (355,479.06 square miles). As of 2024, British Columbia has 161 municipalities, out of which 53 are categorized as cities.

Cities, towns, districts and villages in British Columbia are referred to as municipalities and all are included in local governments in the province, which may be incorporated under the Local Governance Act of 2015. In order for a municipality in British Columbia to be labelled as a city, it must have a minimum population of 5,000. Although the populations of Enderby, Grand Forks, Greenwood and Rossland fall below this threshold, they are still categorized as cities.

The largest city by population in British Columbia is Vancouver, with 662,248 residents, and the smallest is Greenwood, with 702 residents. The largest city by land area is Abbotsford, which spans 375.55 square kilometres (145.00 square miles), while the smallest is Duncan, at 2.07 square kilometres (0.80 square miles). The first municipality to incorporate as a city was New Westminster on July 16, 1860, while the province's newest city is Mission, a district municipality that was reclassified as a city on March 29, 2021. Victoria is the capital city of British Columbia.


Ngahuia Te Awekotuku

# Ngahuia Te Awekotuku

## Abstract

Ngahuia Te Awekotuku MNZM (born 1949) is a New Zealand academic specialising in Māori cultural issues and a lesbian activist. In 1972, she was famously denied a visa to visit the United States on the basis of her sexuality.

## Biography

Te Awekotuku is descended from Te Arawa, Tūhoe and Waikato iwi.

As a student she was a member of Ngā Tamatoa at the University of Auckland. Her Master of Arts thesis was on Janet Frame and her PhD on the effects of tourism on the Te Arawa people.

Te Awekotuku has worked across the heritage, culture and academic sectors as a curator, lecturer, researcher and activist. Her areas of research interest include gender issues, museums, body modification, power and powerlessness, spirituality and ritual. She has been curator of ethnology at the Waikato Museum; lecturer in art history at Auckland University, and professor of Māori studies at Victoria University of Wellington. She was Professor of Research and Development at Waikato University. She and Marilyn Waring contributed the piece "Foreigners in our own land" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan. Although now retired, she continues to write and mentor students. Notable students include Mere Whaanga and Ngarino Ellis.

## Visitor's permit denial

In 1972, Te Awekotuku was denied a visitor's permit to the USA on the grounds that she was a homosexual. Publicity around the incident was a catalyst in the formation of gay liberation groups in New Zealand. This may have been related to a TV interview she gave in 1971, in which she described herself as a ' sapphic woman'.

## Research into tā moko

Te Awekotuku has researched and written extensively on the traditional and contemporary practices of tā moko (tattoo) in New Zealand. Her 2007 (re-published in 2011) book Mau Moko: the world of Maori tattoo, co-authored with Linda Waimarie Nikora, was the product of a five-year long research project conducted by the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at the University of Waikato, funded by a Marsden Fund grant.

## Research into the Māori way of death

In 2009 Te Awekotuku and Linda Waimarie Nikora received a $950,000 Marsden Fund grant as lead researchers in the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at Waikato University for the research project 'Apakura: the Maori way of death'. A further $250,000 was received from the Nga Pae o te Maramatanga National Institute of Research Excellence to explore past and present practices around tangihanga.

## Recognition

In the 2010 New Year Honours, Te Awekotuku was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to Māori culture. In 2017, she won an Auckland Museum Medal. Also in 2017, Te Awekotuku was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's " 150 women in 150 words ", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

## Selected publications

- He tikanga whakaaro: Research ethics in the Maori community: A discussion paper Ministry of Māori Affairs

### On art and artists

- We will become ill if we stop weaving. From Mana Whina Maori Selected writings on Maori Women's art, culture and politics. Republished in ATE Journal of Māori Art, 2020, vol 2 pp. 90—103.

- E ngaa uri whakatupu – weaving legacies : Dame Rangimarie Hetet and Diggeress Te Kanawa, Hamilton: Waikato Museum Te Whare Taonga o Waikato, 2015. ISBN 9780473326036

- 'Traditions endure : Five Maori Painters at Auckland Art Gallery', Art New Zealand, Winter 2014, no. 150, pp. 58–61.

- 'A glorious tradition', Art New Zealand, Winter 2003, no.103.

- Unveiling our hidden treasures : the Seventh Pacific Festival of Arts 1996;', Art New Zealand, Summer 1996/1997, no. 81, pp. 42–45,84.

- 'Forgiving, but never forgetting : Shared Visions at the Auckland City Art Gallery', Art New Zealand, Winter 1996, no. 79, pp. 74–77.

- 'He Take Ano: Another Take – Conversations with Lisa Reihana', Art New Zealand, Spring 1993, no. 68, pp. 84–87

- 'Kura Te Waru Rewiri', Art New Zealand, Spring 1993, no. 68, pp. 91–93

- Mana wahine Maori: Selected writings on Maori women's art, culture and politics, Auckland: New Women's Press, 1991. ISBN 0908652631

- 'Art and the spirit', New Zealand Geographic, Jan/Mar 1990, no. 5, pp. 93–97.

- 'Mats of the Pacific', Art New Zealand, Spring 1989, no. 52, pp..88–90

- 'Te whakahoutanga o Te Winika (The restoration of Te Winika)', New Zealand Listener, 28 November 1987, p. 67.

- 'Ngahuia Te Awekotuku in conversation with Elizabeth Eastmond and Priscilla Pitts’, Antic, no. 1, 1986.

### On tā moko

- 'Tā Moko: Māori Tattoo', in Goldie, (1997) exhibition catalogue, Auckland: Auckland City Art Gallery and David Bateman, pp. 108–114.

- 'More than Skin Deep', in Barkan, E. and Bush, R. (eds.), Claiming the Stone: Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity (2002) Los Angeles: Getty Press, pp. 243–254.

- Ta Moko: Culture, body modification, and the psychology of identity, paper given at the Proceedings of the National Māori Graduates of Psychology Symposium 2002.

- Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, with Linda Waimarie Nikora, Mohi Rua, your face: wearing Moko – Maori facial marking in today’s world, paper given at Tatau/Tattoo: Embodied art and cultural exchange conference, Victoria University of Wellington, 21–22 August 2003.

- Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, with Linda Waimarie Nikora, Mohi Rua and Rolinda Karapu, Mau moko : the world of Māori tattoo, Auckland: Penguin Books, 2011. ISBN 9780143566854

### On death in Maori culture

- Tess Moeke-Maxwell, Linda Waimarie Nikora, and Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, 'Manaakitanga: Ethical research with Māori who are dying', in M. Agee, T. McIntosh, P. Culbertson, & C. Makasiale (eds.), Pacific Identities and Well-Being – Cross Cultural Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2003, pp. 188–203.

- Vincent Malcolm-Buchanan, Lina Waimarie Nikora and Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, Cloaked in Life and Death: Korowai, kaitiaki and tangihanga, MAI Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012.

- Tess Moeke-Maxwell, Linda Waimarie Nikora, and Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, 'End-of-life care and Māori whānau resilience', MAI Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 140–152.

## Further information

- Interview with Ngahuia Te Awekotuku, 'Nine to Noon programme, RNZ National, 25 June 2013

- Ngahuia Te Awekotuku: Sustaining the art of moko presentation for the Royal Society of New Zealand, June 2014

- Te Awekotuku, Ngahuia. Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture, 2012 page 553.


TK-3000 IIe

# TK-3000 IIe

## Abstract

The TK 3000 IIe is a personal microcomputer model manufactured by the Brazilian company Microdigital Eletrônica Ltda., compatible with the Apple IIe Enhanced. It was presented to the public at the V International Computing Fair in September 1985, and entered the market in April 1986 with a retail price of Cz$ 12,500.00 (approximately R$ 13,000.00 in updated values as of September 2023). In 1987 an updated version, the TK 3000 IIe COMPACT was released.

## Details

Due to Apple using dedicated integrated circuits (ASICs, called MMU (Memory Management Unit and IOU Input / Output Unit) in the Apple IIe, copying these became more complicated compared to the Apple II and Apple II Plus, which were based on off-the-shelf integrated circuits. For this reason, Microdigital had to reverse engineer these components to achieve compatibility with the Apple model. Microdigital designed two dedicated integrated circuits used in the TK 3000 IIe, the MC168300 and the MC168310, performing functions similar to the MMU and IOU integrated circuits, respectively.

A complete Zilog Z80 computer (CPU + RAM + ROM) is used for keyboard control replacing the AY-5-3600 keyboard controller integrated circuit used in the Apple model, adding some functional features like accented characters.

The TK 3000 IIe was sold with two different cover models: One simple, flat, like any Apple II case, and another with space for two slim 5.25″ disk drives, making them embedded in the case.

### Technical specifications

- CPU: WDC 65C02 (1MHz); Zilog Z80 (2MHz)

- Memory: 16KB ROM; 64 KB RAM

- Keyboard: 77 keys, QWERTY layout

- Video: up to 280x192, 6 colors; extra modes with memory expansions; PAL-M RF and composite out

- Expansion: 7 internal Apple II slots, 1 external Apple IIe slot;

- Peripherals: analog game port; cassette port

## TK 3000 IIe COMPACT

The TK 3000 IIe COMPACT, released in June 1987, had the same features as the TK 3000 IIe adding more memory, 80 column text display, printer interface, interface for two disc drives, but only had the single external expansion slot. The case was similar to the one used in the TK 2000.

### Technical specifications

- CPU: WDC 65C02 (1MHz); Zilog Z80 (2MHz)

- Memory: 32KB ROM; 64 + 64 KB or 64 + 256 KB RAM

- Keyboard: 77 keys, QWERTY layout, numeric keypad

- Video: up to 560x192, 16 colors; PAL-M RF and composite out

- Expansion: 7 internal Apple II slots, 1 external Apple IIe slot;

- Peripherals: analog game port; two Apple 5.25" disk drives; printer port


# List of Iraqi football transfers summer 2024

## Abstract

This is a list of Iraqi football transfers for the 2024 summer transfer window. Besides the Iraqi transfers abroad section, only clubs contesting the 2024–25 Iraq Stars League and 2024–25 Iraqi Premier Division League are listed.

The transfer window in Iraq started on 2 August and will end on 2 October 2024. By 2 October, all clubs in the Iraq Stars League and the Iraqi Premier Division League must submit a 25-man squad for the season, with no more than 6 foreign players. Players from Syria and Yemen count as local players.

## Iraq Stars League

### Al-Hudood

### Al-Kahrabaa

### Al-Karkh

### Al-Karma

### Al-Minaa

### Al-Naft

### Al-Najaf

### Al-Qasim

### Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya

### Al-Shorta

### Al-Talaba

### Al-Zawraa

### Diyala

### Duhok

### Erbil

### Karbala

### Naft Al-Basra

### Naft Maysan

### Newroz

### Zakho

## Iraqi Premier Division League

### Afak

### Al-Bahri

### Al-Etisalat

### Al-Fahad

### Al-Gharraf

### Al-Hussein

### Al-Kadhimiya

### Al-Jolan

### Al-Mosul

### Al-Nasiriya

### Al-Ramadi

### Al-Sinaa

### Al-Sinaat Al-Kahrabaiya

### Amanat Baghdad

### Ghaz Al-Shamal

### Masafi Al-Junoob

### Masafi Al-Wasat

### Maysan

### Naft Al-Wasat

### Peshmerga Sulaymaniya

## Iraqi transfers abroad

The following list contains transfers of Iraqi players abroad, in alphabetical order.


Warwickshire Cricket League

# Warwickshire Cricket League

## Abstract

The Warwickshire Cricket League is the biggest cricket league for clubs in Warwickshire. Its origins go back to 1989, and since 1998 it has acted as a feeder league to the Birmingham and District Premier League Aston Manor in 2005, Berkswell in 2006, & Sutton Coldfield 2014 gained successive promotions from Birmingham League Division Three the following season. Olton and West Warwickshire Cricket Club are the current champions.

From 2018 following an ECB-led revamp. The Warwickshire League became the Warwickshire County League and now sits on (Tier 3) of the club cricket structure as opposed to (Tier 5) beforehand.

## Winners of the Warwickshire Cricket League (Since 2000)

- 2000: Tamworth

- 2001: Old Edwardians

- 2002: Dorridge

- 2003: Olton and West Warwickshire

- 2004: Aston Manor

- 2005: Berkswell

- 2006: Olton and West Warwickshire

- 2007: Bablake Old Boys

- 2008: Moseley Ashfield

- 2009: Bablake Old Boys

- 2010: Handsworth

- 2011: Streetly

- 2012: Kings Heath

- 2013: Sutton Coldfield

- 2014: Aston Manor

- 2015: Handsworth

- 2016: Nuneaton

- 2017: Rugby

- 2018: Bedworth

- 2019: Walmley

- 2020: Coventry & NW (Winner of a Play off vs Moseley Ashfield)

- 2021: Stratford

- 2022: Coventry & NW

- 2023: Olton and West Warwickshire

- 2024: Handsworth

## Divisional structure (2024 Season)

The Warwickshire Cricket league is split into a number of divisions. At the end of 2018 due to changes to the Recreational game from ECB a number of Birmingham League sides were moved down to the Warwickshire League and largely formed the Premier Division with the top 4 of the 2018 Warwickshire premier division teams.

A number of big clubs have added a 4th, 5th or even 6th xi to the league. Barby have left the league to join the Northamptonshire Cricket League, Hunningham have also left to join the Coltswolds Hills League.

(P) = Promoted(R) = Relegated(N) = New Side/Club into Warwickshire League System

### Premier Division

- Aston Manor

- Attock

- Bedworth

- Hampton & Solihull (P)

- Handsworth

- Moseley Ashfield (P)

- Olton & West Warwickshire

- Rugby

- Solihull Blossomfield

- Stratford Upon Avon

- Streetly

- Walmley

### Division 1

- Bablake

- Coventry & NW 2nd XI (P)

- Harborne 2nd XI

- Kings Heath

- Knowle & Dorridge 2nd XI

- Leamington Spa 2nd XI

- Nether Whitacre

- Nuneaton

- Solihull Municipal (R)

- Sutton Coldfield (R)

- Standard

- Ward End Unity (P)

### Division 2

- Berkswell 2nd XI

- Dunlop Pak Stars (P)

- Earlswood

- Kenilworth

- Kenilworth Wardens 2nd XI (R)

- Marston Green

- Pak Shaheen (R)

- RMCC

- Smethwick 2nd XI (P)

- Studley

- Warwick

- Water Orton (P)

### Division 3

- Attock 2nd XI

- Bronze

- Corley (R)

- Fillongley

- Four Oaks Saints

- Lyndworth

- Moseley 2nd XI

- Pickwick (P)

- Stockton Star (P)

- Stratford Upon Avon 2nd XI (P)

- Walmley 2nds (R)

- Wishaw

### Division 4

- Ambleside (P)

- Aston Manor 2nd XI (R)

- Atherstone Town (P)

- Bedworth 2nd XI

- Bridge Trust (P)

- Castle Bromwich (R)

- Copsewood West Indian Wanderers

- Dorridge 2nd XI

- Knowle Village

- Old Edwardians

- Olton & West Warwickshire 2nd XI (P_

- Rugby 2nd XI (P)

### Division 5 East

- Attleborough (P)

- Bablake 2nd XI

- Dunlop Pak Stars 2nd XI

- Leamington Khalsa (R)

- Leamington 3rd XI

- Nuneaton 2nd XI

- Oakfield & Rowlands

- Pak Shaheen 2nd XI

- RMCC 2nd XI

- Standard 2nd XI

- Warwick 2nd XI

- Wolvey (P)

### Division 5 West

- Attock 3rd XI

- Coleshill (P)

- Earlswood 2nd XI

- Handsworth 2nd XI

- Kings Heath 2nd XI

- Knowle and Dorridge 3rd XI

- Moseley Ashfield 2nd XI

- Sheldon Marlborough (R)

- Solihull Blossomfield 2nd XI (P)

- Sutton Coldfield 2nd XI (R)

- Thimblemill

- Weoley Hill

### Division 6 East

- Bedworth 3rd XI

- Berkswell 3rd XI

- Coventry Blues

- Kenilworth 2nd XI (P)

- Kenilworth Wardens 3rd XI (N)

- Knowle Village 2nd XI

- Leamington Khalsa 2nd XI

- Leamington 4th XI

- Massey Ferguson

- Peugeot CNW 3rd XI

- Stockton Star 2nd XI (P)

### Division 6 West

- Aston Unity (R)

- Catherine De Barnes (P)

- Hampton & Solihull 2nd XI

- Lyndworth 2nd XI

- Moseley 3rd XI

- Old Edwardians 2nd XI (P)

- Olton & West Warwickshire 3rd XI

- Pickwick P & M 2nd XI (P)

- Shenley Fields

- Solihull Municipal 2nd XI

- Streetly 2nd XI (R)

- Walmley 3rd XI

### Division 7 East

- Alvis (P)

- Ambleside 2nd XI

- Copsewood West Indian Wanderers 2nd XI

- Corley 2nd XI (R)

- Dorridge 3rd XI

- Fillongley 2nd XI

- Nether Whitacre 2nd XI

- Newbold (P)

- Newdigate

- Rugby 3rd XI

- Wilnecote

- Water Orton 2nd XI (P)

### Division 7 West

- Aston Manor 3rd XI

- Attock 4th XI

- Bournville

- Four Oaks Saints 2nd XI (R)

- Handsworth 3rd XI (P)

- Lyndworth 3rd XI

- Marston Green 2nd XI

- Moseley Ashfield 3rd XI (P)

- Sheldon Marlborough 2nd XI

- Smethwick 3rd XI (P)

- Weoley Hill 2nd XI

- Wishaw 2nd XI (R)

### Division 8 East

- Alvis

- Atherstone Town 2nd XI

- Bablake 3rd XI

- Bulkington (R)

- Coventry Blues 2nd XI (P)

- Kenilworth Wardens 4th XI (P)

- Oakfield and Rowlands 2nd XI

- Stockingford (R)

- Warwick 3rd XI (R)

- Willow

### Division 8 West

- Aston Unity 2nd XI

- Coleshill 2nd XI

- Earlswood 3rd XI (P)

- Kings Heath 3rd XI (R)

- Knowle & Dorridge 4th XI

- Solihull Blossomfield 3rd XI (P)

- Studley 2nd XI (R)

- Sutton Coldfield 3rd XI

- Thimblemill 2nd XI (P)

- Ward End Unity 2nd XI

### Division 9 East

- Atherstone Town 3rd XI (P)

- Bedworth 4th XI

- Berkswell 4th XI (P)

- Castle Bromwich (P)

- Griff & Coton 2nd XI

- Higham & Ambleside 3rd XI

- Nuneaton 3rd XI

- Peugeot C & W 4th XI (R)

- Standard 3rd XI

- Stockton Star 3rd XI (P)

### Division 9 West

- Bridge Trust Old Boys 2nd XI

- Bronze 2nd XI

- Four Oaks Saints 3rd XI (R)

- Moseley 4th XI (P)

- Olton & West Warwickshire 4th XI

- Shenley Fields 2nd XI

- Solihull Municipal 3rd XI (P)

- Sutton Coldfield 4th XI

- Walmley 4th XI (P)

- Weoley Hill 2nd XI (R)

### Division 10 East

- Bablake 4th XI

- Corley 3rd XI

- Coventry Blues 3rd XI (N)

- Dunlop Pak Stars 3rd XI (P)

- Griff & Coton 3rd XI (P)

- Higham & Ambleside 4th XI

- Newdigate 2nd XI

- Massey Ferguson 2nd XI (R)

- Oakfield & Rowlands 3rd XI

- Rugby 4th XI (P)

- Wilnecote 2nd XI

### Division 10 West

- Dorridge 4th XI (R)

- Hampton & Solihull 3rd XI

- Handsworth 4th XI (P)

- Kings Heath 4th XI (P)

- Knowle Village 3rd XI

- Moseley Ashfield 4th XI

- Selly Park (R)

- Sheldon Marlborough 3rd XI (P)

- Smethwick 4th XI (P)

- Streetly 3rd XI

- Studley 3rd XI

- Water Orton 3rd XI (R)

### Division 11 East

- Ansley Sports (R)

- Attleborough 2nd XI (R)

- Attleborough 3rd XI

- Bulkington 2nd XI (R)

- Coleshill 3rd XI

- Earlswood 4th XI (R)

- Fillongley 3rd XI

- Lapworth 3rd XI

- Nether Whitacre 3rd XI

- Nuneaton 4th XI

- RMCC 3rd XI

- Wolvey 2nd XI (R)

### Division 11 West

- Aston Unity 3rd XI

- Catherine De Barnes 2nd XI

- Four Oaks Saints 4th XI (R)

- Handsworth 5th XI (N)

- Olton & West Warwickshire 5th XI

- Pickwick 3rd XI (N)

- Smethwick 5th XI (N)

- Solihull Blossomfield 4th XI

- Walmley 5th XI

- Walmley 6th XI (N)

- Weoley Hill 4th XI

- Wishaw 3rd XI (R)


Attack-time delay

# Attack-time delay

## Abstract

In telecommunications, attack-time delay is the time needed for a receiver or transmitter to respond to an incoming signal.

For a receiver, the attack-time delay is defined as the time interval from the instant a step radio-frequency signal, at a level equal to the receiver's threshold of sensitivity, is applied to the receiver input, to the instant when the receiver's output amplitude reaches 90% of its steady-state value. If a squelch circuit is operating, the receiver attack-time delay includes the time for the receiver to break squelch.

For a transmitter, the attack-time delay is defined as the interval from the instant the transmitter is keyed-on to the instant the transmitted radio-frequency (RF) signal amplitude has increased to a specified level, usually 90% of its key-on steady-state value. The transmitter attack-time delay excludes the time required for automatic antenna tuning.


Fazle Elahi Akbar

# Fazle Elahi Akbar

## Abstract

Fazle Elahi Akbar (born 6 November 1957) is a former major general of Bangladesh Army who served as military adviser to the UN Advance Mission in the Sudan (UNAMIS). He served as the Force Commander in UNMIS from 2004 to 2006.

## Career

### In Bangladesh Army

Akbar's first UN peacekeeping assignment was as part of the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) from 1988 to 1989.

### After military

Akbar is a director of Social Islami Bank Limited. He retired from the Bangladesh Army in 2006 following a lobbying effort against him by General Moeen U Ahmed. On 21 October 2008, he joined as the head of personal security of Khaleda Zia, former Prime Minister of Bangladesh.


2024 Molde FK season

# 2024 Molde FK season

## Abstract

The 2024 season is Molde's 17th consecutive year in Eliteserien, and their 48th season in the top flight of Norwegian football.

## Season events

On 27 December, AIK announced they'd exercised an agreement in their loan deal to make Benjamin Hansen 's move a permanent one from 1 January.

On 1 January, Harun Ibrahim joined GAIS on a season-long loan deal.

On 4 January, Molde announced the signing of Sondre Milian Granaas from Mjøndalen, to a three-year contract.

On 8 January, Molde announced the singing of Halldor Stenevik to a four-year contract from Strømsgodset, and the return of Mats Møller Dæhli also on a four-year contract from 1. FC Nürnberg.

On 11 January, Molde announced the signing of Alwande Roaldsøy from Atalanta, to a three-year contract.

On 16 January, Magnus Grødem left the club to sign for Swiss Super League club Yverdon-Sport.

On 23 January, Andreas Myklebust and Gustav Nyheim signed new contracts, keeping them at Molde until the end of 2025.

On 1 February, Molde announced the signing of Albert Posiadała from Radomiak Radom, to a four-year contract, and the signing of Valdemar Lund from Copenhagen to a four-year contract.

On 6 February, Andreas Myklebust joined 2. divisjon club Kvik Halden on loan for the season.

On 21 February, Peder Hoel Lervik joined 2. divisjon club Eidsvold on loan for the season.

On 26 February, Molde announced the signing of Isak Amundsen to a four-year contract from Bodø/Glimt.

On 27 February, Eric Kitolano was sold to fellow Eliteserien club Lillestrøm.

On 20 March, Niklas Ødegård joined HamKam on loan for the season.

On 27 March, Molde announced the signing of free-agent Aaron Samuel on a contract until the end of the season.

On 30 May, free-agent Sean McDermott signed on a contract until the end of the season.

On 14 June, Filip Kristoffersen joined Raufoss on a short term loan.

On 2 August, Jacob Karlstrøm joined IFK Göteborg on a loan for the rest of the season.

On 5 August, Molde announced the signing of Frederik Ihler from Landskrona BoIS on a contract until 2028.

On 10 August, Filip Kristoffersen went on his second loan for the season, this time to Grorud.

On 18 August, Molde announced that Niklas Ødegård had returned early from his loan to HamKam, whilst the following day, 19 August, Peder Hoel Lervik also returned to Molde early after his loan deal with Eidsvold was ended.

On 19 August, Molde announced the signing of Mads Enggård from Randers on a contract until August 2028.

On 29 August, Molde announced that they had extended their contract with Leon-Robin Juberg-Hovland until the end of the 2025 season, and that he had joined IL Hødd on loan for the remainder of the season.

On 1 September, Molde announced the return of Ola Brynhildsen on loan from Midtjylland for the remainder of the season.

On 2 September, Molde announced that Oliver Petersen had joined Lillestrøm on loan for the remainder of the season.

## Squad

## Transfers

## Friendlies

## Competitions

### Overview

Last updated: 1 September 2024 Source: Competitions

### UEFA Europa Conference League

#### Knockout phase

### Eliteserien

#### Results summary

Last updated: 1 September 2024. Source: see below

#### Results

#### Table

### Norwegian Cup

### UEFA Europa League

#### Qualifying rounds

### UEFA Conference League

#### League phase

## Squad statistics


California Color Guard Circuit

# California Color Guard Circuit

## Abstract

The California Color Guard Circuit (CCGC) is one of the many winter guard circuits that are part of Winter Guard International (WGI). Established in 1964, the CCGC was started by six (6) charter members: Sacramento Capitolaires, Stockton Police Cadets, Raleys Raiders, Richmond Hawks, Praetorians, and the Rhythmettes. CCGC membership represents many scholastic programs and independent programs throughout Northern California and Nevada. In 2016, the circuit had just over sixty guard units and around sixteen percussion units. Evaluations are typically held in January; guard units are evaluated in the beginning of January, whereas percussion groups are evaluated towards the end of January. The typical season goes from January to the end of March or beginning of April. Shows are generally held in the San Francisco Bay area and the Sacramento area, though the circuit is based out of Santa Clara County. Each year CCGC holds its own championships and sends many groups to the world championships at WGI. CCGC is the proud home of many WGI medalists including:

- James Logan High School;

- San Jose Raiders;

- Blue Devils;

- Dublin High School;

- Santa Clara Vanguard;

- Clayton Valley High School;

- Amador Valley High School;

- Johansen High School;

- Freelancers;

- Rhapsody;

- Ventura; and

- In Motion Performance Ensemble.

## 2024 CCGC Color Guard Members

List of high schools and equivalent color guard groups who performed in Championship Guard and Percussion, Independence High School, San Jose, April 6, 2024:

## 2024 CCGC Percussion Members

List of high schools and equivalent color guard groups who performed in Championship Guard and Percussion, Independence High School, San Jose, April 6, 2024:

## WGI Gold Medalists from CCGC

- James Logan High School (1998*tie, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010)

- San Jose Raiders (1990*tie, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2003)

- Blue Devils (1995, 1996, 1997, 1998)

- Johansen High School Percussion (1998 Scholastic A)

- Abraham Lincoln (1988 scholastic "A")

- Santa Clara Vanguard 2009, 2011

## Executive board

As of August 2023

- President: Jamie Hjeltness

- Vice President: Trish Andrews

- Treasurer: Shawn Gongwer

- Secretary & Contest Coordinator: Jubilee Hardwick

- Members at large: Wes Adams, Russell Crow, Rebekah Mendoza


Michel Qissi

# Michel Qissi

## Abstract

Michel Qissi (Arabic: ميشيل قيسي; born Mohammed Qissi on 12 September 1962) is a Moroccan Belgian actor and filmmaker best known for his action films. Qissi is the co-founder of The World Cinema Combat Federation (WCCF), an organization he formed with Grand Master Beom Jhoo Lee which teaches fight choreography in filmmaking.

Qissi is trained in Shotokan, Muay Thai, and kickboxing, and competed as an amateur boxer. In 1982, he emigrated to Hollywood together with childhood friend Jean-Claude Van Damme in search of becoming an action star. Bloodsport (1988) was their first major film. The two previously collaborated on Breakin' (1984), and went on to appear in Kickboxer (1989), in which Qissi portrayed the Thai villain Tong Po, Lionheart (1990), and Kickboxer: Vengeance (2016). Qissi also had the role of a fight trainer for Van Damme in the film Cyborg (1989) and served as choreographer on Kickboxer.

He starred in his directorial debut film Terminator Woman (1993), opposite Karen Sheperd and Jerry Trimble. He directed, co-wrote, and starred in Extreme Force (2001), which became a vehicle for Argentinian martial arts star Héctor Echavarría. Aside from his American films, he has also worked in Moroccan films and television series. In 2014, he directed and starred in the well-received action adventure film Bara, which was shot in Tata, Morocco.

## Early life

Qissi was born in Oujda, Morocco, and moved to Brussels, Belgium, at the age of 2. He commenced training in boxing at seven years old, and became an amateur champion in his weight class at 17. He also went on to study Shotokan Karate, Muay Thai and Kickboxing. He befriended Jean-Claude Van Damme at an early age and they grew up together with the same love for action films and training in martial arts. Growing up, he was inspired by Bruce Lee and Muhammad Ali.

## Film career

In 1982, Qissi and Van Damme moved to the United States in the hope of becoming action stars. In 1984 they both were cast as extras in the film Breakin', before landing their big break in 1986. After obtaining an interview with Menahem Golan of Cannon Films, they secured a three-picture deal, the first of which was the highly successful Bloodsport, in which Van Damme starred and Qissi had a small role as a tournament fighter named Suan Paredes. In 1989, Qissi and Van Damme teamed up again for the film Kickboxer, in which Van Damme was the protagonist once more and Qissi the film's main villain, Tong Po. Qissi was also a choreographer on the film. His role as Tong Po provided visual inspiration for the Mortal Kombat character Goro.

Qissi had the role of a fight trainer for Van Damme in the sci-fi film Cyborg (1989).

1990 saw Qissi and Van Damme make the film Lionheart, in which Qissi's brother, Abdel, played the villain. This was to be the last film Van Damme and Qissi made together for 26 years, but Qissi did go on to reprise his role as Tong Po in Kickboxer 2. He and Van Damme briefly appeared together in Kickboxer: Vengeance (2016).

In 1991, he appeared in Bloodmatch, alongside Thom Mathews, Hope Marie Carlton, Marianne Taylor, Vincent Klyn, and Benny Urquidez. He starred in his directorial debut film Terminator Woman (1993), opposite Karen Sheperd and Jerry Trimble. He directed, co-wrote, and starred in Extreme Force (2001), which became a vehicle for Argentinian martial arts star Héctor Echavarría.

Aside from his American films, Qissi has also worked in Moroccan films and television series. Regarding Moroccan cinema, he has said, “Moroccan cinema remains a school where management is done with very modest and simple resources.” He has praised Moroccan filmmakers such as Ibrahim Shukri, Yassin Fannan, Mohamed Nasrat, and Said Naciri.

In 2014, Qissi directed and starred in the action adventure movie Bara with Salar Zarza. The film, which was shot in the Sahara, in Tata, Morocco, was shown in theaters in major Moroccan cities and was extremely well received by audiences.

## Influence

His role as Tong Po provided visual inspiration for the Mortal Kombat character Goro.

## Personal life

His brother is Abdel Qissi, also an actor.


Arben Kucana

# Arben Kucana

## Abstract

Arben Kucana (born 18 September 1967) is a German-Albanian sport shooter who competes in the olympic pistol disciplines. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he finished 20th in the 10m air pistol qualifying round. He has lived in Germany since 1990 and actively participates in national shooting competitions in both Germany and Albania.


Afro-Caribbean people

# Afro-Caribbean people

## Abstract

Afro-Caribbean, or Caribbean Creoles, are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to Africa. The majority of the modern Afro-Caribbean people descend from the Africans (primarily from Central and West Africa) taken as slaves to colonial Caribbean via the trans-Atlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries to work primarily on various sugar plantations and in domestic households. Other names for the ethnic group include Black Caribbean, Afro or Black West Indian, or Afro or Black Antillean. The term Afro-Caribbean was not coined by Caribbean people themselves but was first used by European Americans in the late 1960s.

People of Afro-Caribbean descent today are largely of West African and Central African ancestry, and may additionally be of other origins, including European, Chinese, South Asian and Amerindian descent, as there has been extensive intermarriage and unions among the peoples of the Caribbean over the centuries.

Although most Afro-Caribbean people today continue to reside in English, French and Spanish -speaking Caribbean nations and territories, there are also significant diaspora populations throughout the Western world, especially in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France and the Netherlands. Caribbean peoples are predominantly of Christian faith, though some practice African-derived or syncretic religions, such as Santeria, Vodou and Winti. Many speak creole languages, such as Haitian Creole, Jamaican Patois, Sranantongo, Saint Lucian Creole or Papiamento.

Both the home and diaspora populations have produced a number of individuals who have had a notable influence on modern African, Caribbean and Western societies; they include political activists such as Marcus Garvey and C. L. R. James; writers and theorists such as Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon; US military leader and statesman Colin Powell; athletes such as Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan and David Ortiz; and musicians Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj and Rihanna.

## History

### 16th–18th centuries

During the post-Columbian era, the archipelagos and islands of the Caribbean were the first sites of African diaspora dispersal in the western Atlantic. Specifically, in 1492, Pedro Alonso Niño, an African-Spanish seafarer, was recorded as piloting one of Columbus' ships. He returned in 1499, but did not settle. In the early 16th century, more Africans began to enter the population of the Spanish Caribbean colonies, sometimes arriving as free men of mixed ancestry or as indentured servants, but increasingly as enslaved workers and servants. This increasing demand for African labour in the Caribbean was in part the result of massive depopulation of the native Taino and other indigenous peoples caused by the new infectious diseases, harsh conditions, and warfare brought by European colonists. By the mid-16th century, the slave trade from West Africa to the Caribbean was so profitable that Francis Drake and John Hawkins were prepared to engage in piracy as well as break Spanish colonial laws, in order to forcibly transport approximately 1500 enslaved people from Sierra Leone to Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic).

During the 17th and 18th centuries, European colonial development in the Caribbean became increasingly reliant on plantation slavery to cultivate and process the lucrative commodity crop of sugarcane. On many islands shortly before the end of the 18th century, the enslaved Afro-Caribbean people greatly outnumbered their European masters. In addition, there developed a class of free people of color, especially in the French islands, where persons of mixed race were given certain rights. On Saint-Domingue, free people of color and slaves rebelled against harsh conditions, and constant inter-imperial warfare. Inspired by French revolutionary sentiments that at one point freed the slaves, Toussaint L'Ouverture and Jean Jacques Dessalines led the Haitian Revolution that gained the independence of Haiti in 1804, the first Afro-Caribbean republic in the Western Hemisphere.

### 19th–20th centuries

In 1804, Haiti, with its overwhelmingly African population and leadership, became the second nation in the Americas to win independence from a European state. During the 19th century, continuous waves of rebellion, such as the Baptist War, led by Sam Sharpe in Jamaica, created the conditions for the incremental abolition of slavery in the region by various colonial powers. Great Britain abolished slavery in its holdings in 1834. Cuba was the last island to be emancipated, when Spain abolished slavery in its colonies.

During the 20th century, Afro-Caribbean people, who were a majority in many Caribbean societies, began to assert their cultural, economic, and political rights with more vigor on the world stage. Marcus Garvey was among many influential immigrants to the United States from Jamaica, expanding his UNIA movement in New York City and the U.S. Afro-Caribbean people were influential in the Harlem Renaissance as artists and writers. Aimé Césaire developed a négritude movement.

In the 1960s, the West Indian territories were given their political independence from British colonial rule. They were pre-eminent in creating new cultural forms such as reggae music, calypso and Rastafari within the Caribbean. Beyond the region, a developing Afro-Caribbean diaspora in the United States, including such figures as Stokely Carmichael and DJ Kool Herc, was influential in the development of the Black Power movement of the 1960s and the hip-hop movement of the 1980s. African-Caribbean individuals also contributed to cultural developments in Europe, as evidenced by influential theorists such as Frantz Fanon and Stuart Hall.

## Notable people

### Politics

- Sir Grantley Adams – Barbados, politician and lawyer; the first and only Prime Minister of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)

- Jean-Bertrand Aristide – politician, priest and head of state, Haiti

- Dean Barrow – head of government, Belize

- Maurice Bishop – Grenada, revolutionary leader

- Paul Bogle – Jamaica, political activist

- Ertha Pascal Trouillot – Haiti, first Black female president in the world, lawyer

- Juan Almeida Bosque – Cuban revolutionary and politician

- Dutty Boukman – Haitian freedom fighter

- Forbes Burnham – Guyana, head of government

- Bussa – Barbados, freedom fighter

- Stokely Carmichael – Trinidad-born, civil rights activist and leader in the US

- Mary Eugenia Charles – Dominican head of government

- Perry Christie – Bahamian, politician and lawyer

- Henri Christophe – Haiti, revolutionary, general and head of state

- David Clarke (sheriff) – Barbudan, former Sheriff of Milwaukee

- John Compton – Saint Lucia, politician and lawyer

- Francisco del Rosario Sánchez – Dominican Republic founding father, revolutionary, and president

- Paris Dennard – Grenada, former CNN political commentator

- Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Haiti (est. 1804), revolutionary, general and first head of state of independent Haiti

- Papa Doc Duvalier – dictator of Haiti, 20th century

- Marcus Garvey – Jamaica, politician and writer, founder of UNIA and active in US politics from 1916 to 1927

- Philip Goldson – Belize, politician

- Ulises Heureaux – Dominican Republic president and military leader

- Sam Hinds – Guyana, head of government

- Hubert Ingraham – Bahamian, politician and lawyer

- Toussaint L'Ouverture – Saint-Domingue, revolutionary, general and governor

- Joseph Robert Love – Bahamian-born, medical doctor; Jamaican politician and political activist who influenced Marcus Garvey

- Gregorio Luperón – Dominican Republic revolutionary, general and president

- Antonio Maceo Grajales – Cuban revolutionary and general

- Michael Manley – Jamaica, politician

- Jon Miller – Montserrat, Conservative Review, BlazeTV Host

- Nanny of the Maroons – Jamaica, freedom fighter

- Jeanne Odo – Haiti, abolitionist

- Candace Owens – British Virgin Islander, PragerU Radio and Founder of Blexit

- Wendy Phipps (born 1967) is a Kittitian politician and businesswoman.

- Lynden Pindling – Bahamian politician, and first Prime minister of the Bahamas

- Samuel Jackman Prescod – Barbados, first elected Afro-Caribbean politician in the House of Assembly

- Sam Sharpe – Jamaica, freedom fighter

- Solitude – Guadeloupe, freedom fighter

- Eric Eustace Williams – Trinidad and Tobago politician, writer and head of government

- Shirley Chisholm – Guyanese and Bajan descent, first black woman elected to the US Congress, first black major-party US presidential candidate

- Colin Powell – Jamaican descent, US Army General, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff

- Kamala Devi Harris – Jamaican descent, first African American, first Asian American, and first female Vice President of the United States

### Science and philosophy

- Alfredo Bowman (Dr. Sebi) – International herbalist healer from Honduras.

- Frantz Fanon – Martinique, writer, psychiatrist and freedom fighter

- Hubert Harrison – St. Croix, writer, orator, educator, critic, and race and class conscious political activist based in Harlem, New York

- Stuart Hall – Jamaican philosopher

- C. L. R. James – Trinidad and Tobago, activist and writer

- W. Arthur Lewis – Saint Lucia, economist and Nobel Prize recipient

- Pedro Alonso Niño – Afro-Spanish explorer

- Arlie Petters – Belizean mathematician

- Walter Rodney – Guyanese activist and writer

- Mary Seacole – Jamaican nurse and hospital director

### Arts and culture

- Carlos Acosta – Cuba, ballet dancer

- Beenie Man – Jamaica, artist and musician

- Frank Bowling – Guyana, painter

- Esther Rolle – Actress of Bahamian descent

- Aimé Césaire – Martinique, fiction writer

- Celia Cruz – Cuba, singer

- Stacey Dash – Barbadian descent, actress

- Bert Williams – Bahamian entertainer, and probably the first successful Afro-Caribbean entertainer in America

- AngelaMaria Davila – Puerto Rican poet

- Eddy Grant – Guyana, singer and musician

- Edward W. Hardy – Puerto Rican, composer and musician

- C. L. R. James – Trinidad, historian, essayist and journalist

- Wyclef Jean – Haitian singer, composer and activist

- Earl Lovelace – Trinidad, novelist and writer

- Luis Palés Matos – Puerto Rican poet

- Bob Marley – Jamaica, singer and musician

- Ziggy Marley (Bob Marley's son) – Jamaica, singer and musician

- Myke Towers – Puerto Rican, rapper

- The Mighty Sparrow – Grenadian/Trinidadian singer and composer

- Trinidad James – Trinidad, rapper

- Zoe Saldana – American actress of Dominican and Puerto Rican descent

- Nicki Minaj – Trinidad, rapper and singer

- Sean Paul – Jamaica, dancehall artist

- Shyne – Belize rapper

- Sidney Poitier – Bahamas, first actor of African American or Afro-Caribbean descent to win an Academy Award in the US

- Rihanna – Barbados, singer

- Chevalier de Saint-Georges – Guadeloupe, composer

- Cardi B - Dominican Republic, rapper

- Naomi Campbell - Jamaican-English supermodel.

- Lewis Hamilton - Grenadian, Formula 1 driver.

- FKA Twigs - Jamaican, alternative singer.

- Antony Santos – Dominican Republic, bachata singer

- Peter Tosh – Jamaica, singer and musician

- Bebo Valdés – Cuban musician

- Johnny Ventura – Dominican Republic salsa and merengue singer

- Corinne Bailey Rae – singer of Kittian descent

- Derek Walcott – Saint Lucia, poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature

- Pop Smoke – American rapper of Jamaican and Panamanian descent

### Sports

- Kirani James – Grenada, Grenada's first Olympic Gold Medalist and World's fastest 400m runner from 2012 to 2016

- Omar Amir-Bahamas – professional wrestler in the Ohio Valley Wrestling Arena

- Deandre Ayton – Bahamas, #1 Overall Pick of the 2018 NBA Draft and player for the Phoenix Suns

- Ozzie Albies – Curaçao, MLB player for the Atlanta Braves

- John Barnes – Jamaican-born English footballer

- Usain Bolt – Jamaica, Olympics gold medalist and the fastest man in history

- Robinson Canó – Dominican Republic MLB player

- Kingsley Coman – Guadeloupe, football player

- Carmelo Anthony – Puerto Rican-American, basketball player

- Tonique Williams-Darling – Bahamas, 400m runner and Olympic gold medalist

- Tim Duncan – St. Croix (Anguilla parentage), basketball player

- Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce – Jamaica, athlete

- Thierry Henry – Guadeloupe, football player, best French scorer

- Buddy Hield – Bahamas, NBA player for the Sacramento Kings

- Kenley Jansen – Curaçao, MLB player for the Los Angeles Dodgers

- Brian Lara – Trinidad, cricketer

- Anthony Martial – Guadeloupe, French football player

- Shaunae Miller – Bahamian, 400m and 200m runner and Olympic gold medalist

- Anthony Nesty – Surinamese, swimmer and Olympic gold medalist

- David Ortiz – Dominican Republic MLB player

- Burgess Owens – Barbadian-born, former American football player

- Sir Vivian Richards – Antigua, cricketer

- Teddy Riner – Guadeloupe, Judoka

- Errol Spence Jr. – Jamaican American, boxer, current Unified Welterweight Champion

- Mike McCallum – Jamaica, Boxer, World Champion in 3 different weight classes

- Julian Jackson (boxer) – Saint Thomas, boxer, 3-time world champion in 2 weight classes

- Darren Sammy – Saint Lucia, cricketer

- Kimbo Slice – Bahamian boxer and MMA fighter

- Sir Garfield Sobers – Barbados, cricketer

- Sammy Sosa – Dominican Republic MLB player

- Karl-Anthony Towns – Dominican Republic-descended NBA player, #1 overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft, NBA player for the Minnesota Timberwolves

- Marcellus Wiley – Martinican American, former American football player and FOX Sports commentator/host

- Adam Sanford – Dominican cricketer

- Jayde Riviere – Dominican football Player

- Jay Emmanuel-Thomas – Dominican football player

- Konrad de la Fuente – Dominican-American football player

- Vurnon Anita – Curaçao football player

- Joe Willock – Jamaican football player

- Fabrice Noel – Haitian footballer

- Jaron Vicario – Curaçaoan football player

- Sanchez Watt – Jamaican football player

## Main groups

- Afro-Antiguan and Barbudan

- Afro-Bahamian

- Afro-Barbadian

- Afro-Bermudian

- Afro-Curaçaoans

- Afro-Colombians

- Afro-Costa Ricans

- Afro-Cuban

- Afro-Dominican (Dominica)

- Afro-Dominican (Dominican Republic)

- Afro-Grenadian

- Afro-Guatemalan

- Afro-Guyanese

- Afro-Haitians

- Afro-Hondurans

- Afro-Jamaican

- Afro-Kittian and Nevisian

- Afro-Mexicans

- Afro-Nicaraguan

- Afro-Panamanian

- Afro-Puerto Ricans

- Afro-Saint Lucian

- Afro-Salvadoran

- Afro-Surinamese

- Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians

- Afro-Venezuelan

- Afro-Vincentian

- Belizean Creole people

- Samaná Americans

- Other members of the African diaspora in or from the Caribbean

## Culture

- Afro-Caribbean culture

- Afro-Caribbean music

- Afro-Caribbean religion


Valley Independent Sentinel

# Valley Independent Sentinel

## Abstract

The Valley Independent Sentinel is an online-only, non-profit news site covering the lower Naugatuck Valley of Connecticut, United States.

## About

The site launched on June 22, 2009. It covers the cities of Ansonia, Derby and Shelton, along with the towns of Oxford and Seymour.

The site is named in honor of The Evening Sentinel, a daily newspaper that was shut down in 1994.

It covers community news and events, with an emphasis on breaking news.

The Valley Independent Sentinel has a full-time staff of three professional journalists, who worked previously at The Hartford Courant, The Connecticut Post, The News-Times of Danbury and The Republican-American of Waterbury. The site has an office on Main Street in Ansonia.

## Funding

The Valley Independent Sentinel was created through a partnership between the Online Journalism Project, the Community Foundation for Greater New Haven, and the Valley Community Foundation.

Its first two years were funded through a $500,000 grant from the Knight Foundation. Subsequent years have been funded through money raised by the Online Journalism Project.

The Online Journalism Project also publishes The New Haven Independent.

## Awards

During its first six months in operation, the Valley Independent Sentinel won five awards for its reporting from the Connecticut Society of Professional Journalists.


# List of Discoteca Básica 500 Greatest Brazilian Music Records

## Abstract

The 500 greatest Brazilian music records list was chosen through a vote conducted by the Discoteca Básica podcast. The top 10 were revealed in May 2022, and the book with the complete list was published in December of the same year.

## Election

The election was led by journalist Ricardo Alexandre, creator of the Discoteca Básica podcast, who consulted 162 experts from various fields, including journalists, YouTubers, podcasters, musicians, store owners, and producers. These included journalists like Nelson Motta, Jotabê Medeiros, Mauro Ferreira, and Sergio Martins, as well as producers and musicians such as Pupillo, Kassin, Leoni, Lampadinha, and André Abujamra. Each expert recommended 50 albums. It was the largest and most comprehensive election ever conducted in Brazil regarding LPs and CDs.

The final result was published in a book, financed through crowdfunding, in December 2022. The book's graphic design was done by Fernando Pires, former art editor of the magazine Bizz.

At the time of the list's publication, Discoteca Básica was considered the largest music podcast in Brazil, with nearly 1.5 million downloads in its first three seasons and ranking in the Top 10 of the category on all major streaming platforms in Brazil.

## List

The 500 greatest Brazilian albums of all time are displayed in the following chart.

## List of voters

- Abelardo Mendes Jr.

- Agui Rocca

- Airton Leonardo de Oliveira Manoel

- Alessandra Braz

- Alessandro Andreola

- Alex Antunes

- Alexandre Kassin

- Alexandre Petillo

- Ana Maria Bahiana

- Ana Oliveira

- Ananda Zambi

- André Abujamra

- André Fiori

- Apollo 9

- Ariel Fagundes

- Ariston "Sal" Junior

- Astronauta Pinguim

- Ayrton Mugnaini Jr.

- Barral Lima

- Beatriz Helena Ramos Amaral

- Bento Araújo

- Beto Xavier

- Bruno Bock

- Bruno Capelas

- Bruno Cavalcanti

- Bruno Hiago

- Camila Fresca

- Camilo Rocha

- Carlos Albuquerque

- Carlos Marcelo

- Célio Albuquerque

- Celso Fonseca

- Celso Marcilio

- Chinaina

- Chris Fuscaldo

- Ciro David

- Coy Freitas

- Cristiano Bastos

- Cyz Mendes

- Dado Villa-Lobos

- Daniel Setti

- Danilo Casaletti

- Dante Longo Filho

- Didi Effe

- Didi Wagner

- Digão

- DJ Paulão

- Edgard Piccoli

- Edmundo Clairefont

- Eduardo Baptistão

- Emerson Gasperin

- Érika Martins

- Fabiano Calixto

- Fábio Bianchini

- Fabio Golfetti

- Felipe Ernani

- Felipe Rodarte

- Fernando Rosa

- Gabe Fortunato

- Gabriel Thomaz

- Giu Biondi

- Guilherme Bryan

- Guilherme Guedes

- Gustavo Bertoni

- Gustavo das Chagas

- Helio Flanders

- Henrique Machado

- Henrique Portugal

- Igor Miranda

- Igor Muller

- Indianara Gomes

- Isabela Yu

- Jamari França

- João Augusto

- João Ferreira

- João Paulo Gomiero

- João Augusto Lemos

- José Emilio Rondeau

- José Flávio Júnior

- José Julio do Espírito Santo

- José Norberto Flesch

- Jota Wagner

- Jotabê Medeiros

- Kamille Viola

- Lamps Lampadinha

- Leandro Pereira

- Leandro Saueia

- Leandro Souto Maior

- Leonardo Lichote

- Leonardo Oliveira

- Leonardo Vinhas

- Leoni

- Lô Borges

- Luan Gomes

- Luciana Xavier

- Luis Guimarães

- Luisa Micheletti

- Luiz Antonio Mello

- Luiz Calanca

- Luiz Felipe Carneiro

- Luiz Fernando Vieira

- Luiz Hygino

- Luiz Pimentel

- Marcelo Costa

- Marcelo Ferla

- Marcelo Froes

- Marcelo Gross

- Marcelo Toller

- Marco Bezzi

- Marcos Hermes

- Marcos Lauro

- Marcos Pinheiro

- Marcus Preto

- Maria Luisa Rodrigues

- Mariana Mafra

- Marko Mello

- Martin Mendonça

- Mateus Mondini

- Mauricio Gaia

- Mauro Ferreira

- Nelson Motta

- Octávio Schwenck Amorelli

- Otávio Rodrigues

- Pablo Miyazawa

- Paulo Thiago de Mello

- Pedro Alexandre Sanches

- Pedro Antunes

- Pedro Bial

- Pedro Chavedar

- Pupillo Oliveira

- Rafael Cortes

- Rafael d'Aquino Mafra

- Rafael Kent

- Rafael Ramos

- Ramon Vieira

- Regis Tadeu

- Renato Vieira

- Ricardo Alexandre

- Ricardo Schott

- Roberta Campos

- Roberta Martinelli

- Roberto Hais

- Roberto Maia

- Rodrigo Carneiro

- Rodrigo Faour

- Rodrigo Merheb

- Rodrigo Ortega

- Rodrigo Pinto

- Roger Lerina

- Sérgio Jomori

- Sérgio Martins

- Sidney Molina

- Silvio Essinger

- Tatiana B. Librelato

- Thomas Pappon

- Vera Magalhães

- Victor Mascarenhas

- Victor Persico de Oliveira Pinho

- William Floyd

- Zé Antonio Algodoal


Aabria Iyengar

# Aabria Iyengar

## Abstract

Aabria Iyengar is an American web series actress known primarily for tabletop role-playing game anthologies, streams and podcasts. She was the Dungeon Master (DM) for the first season of Exandria Unlimited. Iyengar has been both a player and a Game Master for multiple seasons of Dimension 20 and a guest DM on The Adventure Zone.

## Career

Iyengar is the former chief marketing officer for the dice-maker Dice Envy.

### Actual play

Iyengar appeared as both a player and as the Dungeon Master (DM) in multiple actual play podcasts between 2018 and 2020 on the Happy Jack's RPG Network. Iyengar was originally a guest player, acting as Laura Bennett, in the actual play web series Kollok: 1991 on the Hyper RPG Twitch channel before joining the main cast in the second season in 2019. In 2022, Iyengar reprised her role in the sequel set 30 years after the first show – Kollok was broadcast on AMC Networks ' FearHQ Twitch channel. Iyengar has been part of the main cast, playing as Koseh, for Into the Mother Lands since 2020.

In 2021, Iyengar was the DM for two actual play anthology web series – Misfits and Magic, the tenth season of Dimension 20, and the first season of Exandria Unlimited, a Critical Role spin-off. She was the first Critical Role DM after Matthew Mercer. Chase Carter, for Dicebreaker, stated that "both appearances were hits within their respective fandoms, leading many to clamor for more Iyengar". Iyengar also performed as a guest DM on The Adventure Zone, with the McElroy Brothers as players, in 2021. Christian Hoffer of ComicBook.com highlighted that "Iyengar has quickly built a reputation and fanbase due to her fantastic storytelling and rapport with players". Carter commented that "Iyengar is quickly becoming a household name in the realm of tabletop actual play. Her fame has been a welcome change for many who are glad to see a Black woman garnering so much respect and excitement in what has been a predominantly white endeavor within a historically white hobby". Iyengar gave the Storytime keynote at the 2021 PAX Unplugged.

In August 2022, Iyengar appeared as gamemaster on Dimension 20: A Court of Fey & Flowers, a combination of Dungeons & Dragons and the Jane Austen -inspired game Good Society. She also joined the cast of the Vampire: The Masquerade web series NY by Night, playing as Margot "Fuego" Walker. Em Friedman, for Polygon in 2022, commented that Iyengar's actual play credits now "span nearly the entire industry" with her By Night debut.

In January 2023, it was announced that Iyengar, alongside Erika Ishii, Lou Wilson, and Brennan Lee Mulligan, would star in the creator-owned actual play podcast Worlds Beyond Number; the show premiered in March 2023 and ranked in Patreon's top twenty accounts within a month. Also in March 2023, Iyengar joined the third campaign of Critical Role as a guest star playing as gnome cleric Deanna. In April 2023, WizKids announced a new miniature boxed set of Exandria Unlimited characters including a figurine of Iyengar. In November 2023, Iyengar joined Candela Obscura as the third chapter's game master.

In 2024, Iyengar will guest star in the stage production of Dungeons & Dragons: The Twenty-Sided Tavern which combines actual play, improv, and immersive theater at Stage 42 in New York City.

### Writing

Iyengar contributed to the Critical Role sourcebook Tal'Dorei Campaign Setting Reborn (2022). Iyengar will contribute a short story in the upcoming anthology Critical Role: Vox Machina–Stories Untold (2025).

Iyengar is the writer, with artist Mari Costa, on the upcoming comic series The Fade; it will be published by Boom! Studios starting in November 2024.

## Personal life

Iyengar attended the University of Iowa where she was a member of their Division I volleyball team. She also attended the University of California, Los Angeles where she competed for the UCLA Bruins track and field team.

Iyengar first played Dungeons & Dragons in 2015 or 2016 when she was invited to her now husband's board game group and was given a cleric character sheet to play. Wired highlighted that "Iyengar was often the only woman or person of color at the table, and she faced a lot of other players questioning her knowledge of the game, as well as more overt harassment. As a GM, she now works to ensure her players don’t have to face those same challenges. With the increased visibility of actual play games, Iyengar has increasingly been able to tailor her playing experience to what she wanted it to be for both herself and her audience".

## Filmography