Will Friedle

# Will Friedle

## Abstract

William Alan Friedle (/ ˈ f r ɪ d ɛ l /; born August 11, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Eric Matthews on the ABC sitcom Boy Meets World (1993–2000).

In animation, Friedle's first voice acting role was the lead role in Batman Beyond (1999–2001) where he provided the voice of Terry McGinnis / Batman. He also voiced Kim Possible 's sidekick, Ron Stoppable (2002–07), Doyle Blackwell on The Secret Saturdays (2008), Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle on Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2008–11), Lion-O on the 2011 reboot of ThunderCats (2011–12), Bumblebee in the Transformers franchise (2013–16), Star-Lord on Guardians of the Galaxy (2015–19), and Kashaw Vesh in The Legend of Vox Machina (2022).

## Early life

Friedle was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the youngest of three boys of Patricia Joan (née Leary) and Gary Allen Friedle, both lawyers. His older brothers are Gary and Greg Friedle. After committing himself to becoming an actor, Friedle continually commuted from Avon, Connecticut, to New York City for auditions. He graduated from Avon High School in 1994.

Friedle is allegedly credited on school brochures as having attended Occidental College. However, when interviewed on the February 11, 2019, episode of Critical Role: Between The Sheets, he admitted having never attended the school. He stated that he learned he was being inaccurately credited by Occidental College as being an alumnus when his nephew visited the school and showed him the information package. Occidental College is not able to confirm that Friedle was ever used on marketing brochures; however, co-star Rider Strong attended Occidental College briefly during the filming of Boy Meets World. Additionally, he stated that he studied Latin for six years because he intended to become an archaeologist eventually. In the July 4, 2006, issue of People, Friedle mentioned he had thought about attending culinary school.

## Career

After co-hosting Nickelodeon 's Don't Just Sit There for three seasons (1988–1991), Friedle's breakthrough came when he was cast as Cory Matthews's likeable but underachieving elder brother Eric on the long-running TV sitcom Boy Meets World from 1993 to 2000. In 1998, he starred with Elizabeth Harnois, Dabney Coleman, and Jay Thomas in My Date with the President's Daughter as part of The Wonderful World of Disney.

In 2004, he co-starred with Chris Owen in the independent film National Lampoon's Gold Diggers (originally titled Lady Killers). He also appeared in a supporting role in the 2005 ABC Family movie Everything You Want. Friedle was cast as Mike in the WB sitcom Off Centre, but could not accept the role because of a previous commitment to the UPN series The Random Years. The role ended up going to Eddie Kaye Thomas.

In December 2013, in spite of initial reluctance, it was announced that Friedle would reprise his Boy Meets World role of Eric Matthews on the sequel series Girl Meets World.

### Voice acting

Friedle's first voice acting role was the lead role in Batman Beyond (1999–2001) where he provided the voice of Terry McGinnis / Batman. He has reprised this role in multiple DC animated projects such as The Zeta Project (2001), Static Shock (2004), Justice League Unlimited (2004), and Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths (2024). In April 2014, it was confirmed that Friedle reprised his Batman Beyond role of Terry McGinnis on the Batman Beyond short made by Darwyn Cooke to commemorate the 75th Anniversary of Batman.

Friedle voiced Seifer Almasy in the English-language version of the video game Kingdom Hearts II (2005), Gideon Wyeth in the English-language version of the video game Advent Rising (2005), and Jaster Rogue in the English-language version of the video game Rogue Galaxy (2005). From 2008 to 2011, he voiced Jaime Reyes / Blue Beetle on Batman: The Brave and the Bold.

In 2013, Entertainment Weekly commented that "Friedle has largely ditched on-camera acting for voiceover work" although the "prolific voice actor" is "nevertheless best known as Eric Matthews, Cory's cute but dim brother on Boy Meets World ". In 2015, Bustle highlighted that "after Boy Meets World was over, Friedle mostly went on to do mainly animated voice roles" and that he has "provided the voice of characters like Ron Stoppable (Kim Possible), Fang (Teen Titans), Ken Tennyson (Ben 10: Alien Force), and Kid Flash (Teen Titans Go!) — which is literally just a small handful of the numerous cartoons his voice can be heard in, either as a series regular or just for a single episode".

From 2015 to 2019, he starred as Star-Lord on Guardians of the Galaxy.

In 2022, he reprised his role of Kashaw Vesh in The Legend of Vox Machina, an adaptation of the web series Critical Role; he originally appeared as Kashaw in the first campaign (2015–2017) of the actual play as a guest player. On June 15, 2022, Friedle voiced the character Radiant Black in a promotional short for the comic's fifteenth issue. The short can be viewed on the official Black Market Narrative YouTube channel.

### Podcasts and web series

From July 2017 to November 2018, Friedle hosted three seasons of the web series Geek & Sundry Painters Guild. The show originated from Friedle "painting" a miniature with " magic marker " and, after discovering this, Marisha Ray pitched Friedle on a show where he would be taught to paint miniatures correctly by various experts. After the conclusion of that series, Ray reached out to pitch Mini Primetime (2019) where Friedle would host a similar painting show for Critical Role 's new YouTube channel. On June 27, 2019, the premiere episode of Christy's Kitchen Throwback featuring Friedle was uploaded to Christy Carlson Romano 's YouTube channel.

Friedle and Romano co-hosted the podcast called I Hear Voices from 2022 to 2023 which was available on Romano's YouTube channel and other podcast providers. In June 2022, the podcast did a Kim Possible 20th anniversary special episode with creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley and voice actors John DiMaggio (Drakken) and Nicole Sullivan (Shego), as well as a brand new Kim Possible scene with the four actors written by McCorkle and Schooley and directed by original voice director Lisa Schaffer. He has hosted the Boy Meets World rewatch podcast Pod Meets World with Danielle Fishel and Rider Strong since 2022.

In 2024, he began to co-host the rewatch podcast Magical Rewind with Sabrina Bryan which focuses on Disney Channel Original Movies.

## Personal life

In 1997, Friedle dated actress Jennifer Love Hewitt, and co-starred with her in the romantic teen comedy Trojan War. Hewitt made a guest appearance as Jennifer Love "Feffy" Fefferman in the Boy Meets World episode "And Then There Was Shawn".

Friedle is best friends with actor Jason Marsden and was the best man at Marsden's wedding in October 2004. The two have also worked together in numerous productions: Boy Meets World (until Marsden's departure from the series in season 3 and his character Jason Marsden was eventually replaced by Matthew Lawrence 's character Jack Hunter starting in season 5), Trojan War, Static Shock, Kim Possible, Batman Beyond, Justice League Unlimited, Batman: The Brave and the Bold, ThunderCats, Transformers: Rescue Bots and Mad.

He married his girlfriend, Susan Martens, on September 25, 2016, in Connecticut. His affectionate name for her is Mrs. Squirrels, referencing Eric's nickname "Plays With Squirrels" from the final season of Boy Meets World.

## Filmography


Fazle Elahi Akbar

# Fazle Elahi Akbar

## Abstract

Fazle Elahi Akbar (born 6 November 1957) is a former major general of Bangladesh Army who served as military adviser to the UN Advance Mission in the Sudan (UNAMIS). He served as the Force Commander in UNMIS from 2004 to 2006.

## Career

### In Bangladesh Army

Akbar's first UN peacekeeping assignment was as part of the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) from 1988 to 1989.

### After military

Akbar is a director of Social Islami Bank Limited. He retired from the Bangladesh Army in 2006 following a lobbying effort against him by General Moeen U Ahmed. On 21 October 2008, he joined as the head of personal security of Khaleda Zia, former Prime Minister of Bangladesh.


Suresh Nanda

# Suresh Nanda

## Abstract

Suresh Nanda is an Indian businessman and former officer in the Indian Navy. He is the chairman of the Claridges Group of Hotels and ran Dynatron Services, an engineering firm before entering into the hospitality sector.

## Early life and education

Suresh Nanda was born to Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda and Sumitra Nanda in Karachi, British India. His father, Sardarilal Mathradas, had also served as the Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy. Nanda studied in St. Columba's School, Delhi, the same school where notable personalities like Shah Rukh Khan, Rahul Gandhi, Sanjay Gandhi and officers of the Indian Armed Forces like Rana Chhina, Arun Khetarpal and DS Hooda had studied.

## Navy career

Nanda graduated from the 16th course of the National Defence Academy and joined the Indian Navy. He eventually reached the rank of Lieutenant Commander; however, Nanda left the Indian Navy while serving as his father's flag lieutenant because “his father’s looming personality ensured he never got credit for anything he did.”

## Business career

Nanda began his business career after leaving the Indian Navy and by the 1970s, he joined his father's company, Crown Corporation. His, father Sardarilal Mathradas, had set up the company after to re-employ retired naval personnel. In 2003, Nanda facilitated the acquisition of Claridges Hotel in New Delhi and the Nabha Palace Hotel in Mussoorie. Subsequently, he built Vivanta Surajkund which is managed by Indian Hotels Limited. He then went international as a hotelier by building Taj Dubai in 2015.

## Arms dealer allegations

According to Sandeep Unnithan, the Crown Corporation "firm associated with major defence deals concluded with the Soviet Union and later Russia...The booming arms trade of the ’80s and ’90s gave the Nandas all the trappings of plutocracy: a sprawling mansion on Grosvenor Square in London’s exclusive Mayfair district, a mansion on Prithviraj Road in the heart of Lutyens' Delhi and Bentleys and BMWs in the garage."

### 2001 Tehelka tapes

The 2001 Tehelka tapes named Suresh Nanda, another arms dealer Subir Chowdhury and Samata Party politician R.K. Jain as alleged recipients of kickbacks in the acquisition of Barak 1 missiles by the Indian government.

In the First Information Report filed 9 October 2005, CBI mentioned large payments from the firm MTU Aero Engines (a supplier to Israel Aircraft Industries) into the bank accounts of Dynatron Services, a company managed by Suresh Nanda and his family members during the relevant period. The scandal had resulted in Nanda serving time in prison and his passport being revoked; however, according to the media his company's business increased following these events.

In March 2008, Nanda was arrested by the CBI along with his son Sanjeev and chartered accountant Bipin Shah while reportedly trying to bribe an Income Tax Department officer Ashutosh Verma, the deputy director of I-T (investigations), with Rs 10 crore to keep under wraps the report of a series of I-T raids on his premises in 2007 which unearthed incriminating evidence of his involvement in the Barak case. A Delhi court convicted all four in April 2021 and sentenced them to one-year of rigorous imprisonment.

## Personal life

In 1999, Nanda's 19-year-old son Sanjeev Nanda ran over and killed six people, including three police constables in a hit and run with his BMW in New Delhi. Tests showed that Sanjeev was drunk at the time of the accident. He was sentenced to five years in jail by a Delhi court; but the Delhi High Court allowed him to serve two years instead. The Delhi Police appeal the reduced sentence to the Supreme Court and sought a harsher 10-year imprisonment. However, the Supreme Court allowed Sanjeev Nanda to be released on account of his time served, required him to do two years of community service and pay a fine of 50 lakh rupees.


Khayarmara

# Khayarmara

## Abstract

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Khayarmara is a village located in the Mahottari District of Nepal, within the Janakpur Zone. The village is part of Bardibas Municipality. Positioned around 7 kilometers north of the Mahendra Highway, Khayarmara connects with surrounding areas like Sindhuli to the north and Sarlahi to the west. The village is known for its accessibility through various means of transportation, including buses and motorbikes, with a central market serving the local population.

As of the 2021 census, Khayarmara had a population of approximately 8,502 people, with a relatively balanced gender ratio. The village has access to electricity, water, and communication services, supporting a small but vibrant community. Local education is supported by several government and private schools, providing education up to the 12th grade

## Place Name of Khayarmara (VDC)

- Banpat Chowk

- School Chowk

- Bajar Area

- Bhitrikhola

- Chodke

- 16 Number

- Damarbhangyang, Khayarmara

- 7 Number

- krishna chowk

- Tilbari

- Chodke

- Pathiparan

- Bhetneri

- Bayelbas

- Dobhan

- Pokhari Tole

## Education

In the education sector there are more than 7 government School. We can get education up to 12th grade.

## Government School

- Shree Laxmi Narayan Janta Higher Secondary School.

- Sahid Bishal Kumar MALGADIS.

- Bhetnery School.

- Chodke School.

- Bhangre School.

- Damarbhangyang School.

- Shree janta prathamic school.

## List of Private School

- Bright Star English School

- Mount Sita Buddha English School.

## Transportation

There is a gravel road (Under construction). From Khayarmara to Sindhuli. We can get many facility of transport. We can get Auto, Car, Jeep, Bus, Moterbike in every one hours.

## List of Bus Time Table


Ondelopran

# Ondelopran

## Abstract

Ondelopran (LY-2196044) is an experimental drug being investigated for the treatment of alcoholism.

## Mechanism of action

Ondelopran appears to be an antagonist at opioid receptors, which means it blocks the action of other opioids (including endogenous opioids like endorphins) by preventing them from binding to the receptor. It antagonizes the three primary opioid receptors with potency of 0.4 (mu), 0.6 (kappa), and 1.9 nM (delta).

## Potential use

A study has shown that treatment with ondelopran reduces the amount of alcohol intake (significantly more than in the placebo group), which means it could be a good path for the treatment of alcoholism. Another test also displays more results which go in the same conclusion.


Chen Pokong

# Chen Pokong

## Abstract

Chen Pokong (Chinese: 陳破空; born December 20, 1963), also known as Jinsong Chen (Chinese: 陳勁松), is a Chinese-American columnist, political commentator, author, television pundit and YouTuber. Chen played a key role in organizing the democracy movement during the 1989 democracy protest in China, for which he was imprisoned and subsequently exiled to the United States.

Before being exiled to the United States, Chen worked as an assistant professor at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. Chen was invited to Columbia University as a visiting scholar in 1996, and later obtained a master's degree of MPA. from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. Since the late 1990s, Chen has been one of the most influential Chinese political commentators, critics and authors.

Chen has been providing commentary for Radio Free Asia since 1997, and had regularly appeared on Voice of America 's weekly Pros and Cons show for decades.

Chen has been invited to visit Taiwan several times and has met with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in both 2010 and 2019. In 2009, he was invited to visit Dharamshala, India, where he met with the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile. Chen Pokong has expressed his firm support for democracy in Taiwan and a free Tibet. He was also invited to speak at the Oxford Union and the Cambridge Union, where he delivered speeches and participated in debates. In these speeches and debates, Chen Pokong called for urgent attention to the threat of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He emphasized that this was not just a "China Threat," but rather a CCP Threat, which poses a common threat to both the Chinese people and the people of the world.

Chen has turned to be an influential YouTuber since 2017. By 2023, Chen had held over 430,000 subscribers. Chen has been a prominent member of the " zi meiti " (YouTube)(zh), a campaign known as ‘self-media’ or ‘self-broadcasting’, which came into prominence in 2017 amongst exiled Chinese dissidents. The phenomenon is categorized by the proliferation of routine and online broadcasts on websites such as YouTube.

## Early life

Chen Pokong (Chinese: 陳破空) was born in the Sichuan province of China, Chen is a graduate of Hunan University and a postgraduate of Tongji University in Shanghai. As a postgraduate student in 1985, he submitted a joint letter calling for political reform to former Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Hu Yaobang. As one of the student leaders, Chen then co-organized the massive 1986 Chinese student demonstrations in Shanghai calling for democracy.

## Chinese democracy movement

In 1985, as a graduate student in Tongji University of Shanghai, Chen wrote a letter to then General Secretary of Chinese Communist Party Hu Yaobang, a known reformist in CCP, calling for political reform to build up a democratic China. This letter was co-signed by 9 other students at Tongji University. Mr. Hu sent two senior officers to meet Chen and his fellow colleagues in Shanghai and listened to their voices and suggestions.

In 1986, Chen co-founded and co-organized a large scale democracy movement in Shanghai called 1986 Student Movement which spreading to more than 15 cities in China, calling for democracy and anti- corruption in China. Then General Secretary Hu Yaobang was later purged by Deng Xiaoping and other senior politicians, accusing Hu of tolerating the student movements led by Chen Pokong and his fellow colleagues and joined by tens of thousands of students and citizens. The 1986 student movement that happened in Shanghai contributed to the nationwide 1989 democracy movement two and half years later, centered in Beijing, known as Tiananmen Square Protests.

In 1989, Chen initiated and organized a large-scale democracy movement in Guangzhou. After establishing a "democracy salon" in Sun Yat-sen University in January, on April 22, Chen joined Chen Wei, Yu Shiwen and other student leaders in launching student protests in Guangzhou in support of the student protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square., after Hu Yaobang suddenly passed away on April 15, 1989. The nationwide protests for democracy lasted for about two months. After the nationwide protests were cracked down by the CCP and its army PLA, Chen was wanted and subsequently arrested by the Chinese government for his leading role in the movement. He then spent the years between 1989 and 1993 in prison and forced labor camps.

### Imprisonment

As a political prisoner, Chen was sent to prison or forced labor on two occasions:

- In August 1989, he was arrested for his involvement in democracy activities. He was charged in February 1990 with "carrying out counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement." On March 1, 1991, he was sentenced to three years in prison by the Guangzhou City Intermediate People's Court.

From 1992 to 1995, Chen had resumed political activities after his release from prison in July 1992 and was wanted by the government by 1993. He fled to Hong Kong and applied for political asylum but was rejected; after being repatriated, he was sent to forced labor.

- In October 1993, Chen was sentenced again to re-education through forced labor for two years under the charges of "illegally political activities and crossing state borders," a sentence that was carried out without a trial, as is custom with the re-education through forced labor system in China.

In a letter to the international community in 1994, Chen alleged that the prisoners in the Guangzhou No. 1 Reeducation-Through-Labor Center were often beaten and "subjected to conditions which amount to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment." Chen had the letter smuggled out of the camp in the latter half of 1994, which was reported on by international human rights groups. The letter claimed that production quotas force prisoners to work over 14 hours a day, 7 days a week, with only 3 days of holiday per year. It also claimed that heavy labor was performed during the daytime, including the transportation and loading of stones from a quarry to a boat; at night, prisoners were forced to make artificial flowers for export. The food supplied to prisoners by camp authorities was often insufficient and consisted of "coarse rice and rotten vegetables," according to Amnesty International.

Part of Chen's letter said: "Inmates who labour slightly slower are brutally beaten and misused by supervisors and team leaders (themselves inmates). Inmates are often beaten until they are blood-stained all over, collapse or lose consciousness (shortly before I was sent here, one inmate was beaten to death.)... Many inmates, including myself, their hands and feet squashed by big stones, stained with blood and pus, have to labour as usual. As a consequence, many inmates were crippled for life." In his letter, he said the Guangdong No. 1 Reform Through Labor, Quarry 1, Company 9 in Chini Town, Hua County, was the "most vicious," and that he was sent there so the Guangdong authorities could "vent their bitter hatred on me."

In a House Congressional testimony on the subject of Chinese forced labor, Nancy Pelosi called Chen "a courageous young professor", and characterized Chen's letter as "a compelling appeal for help, relating the terrible tale of ill-treatment and slave labor" in Chinese prison camps. Chen was reportedly the first person and the first political prisoner to provide the United Nations with evidence that the Chinese government and its agencies used forced labor to manufacture products for sale overseas.

## Works

Chen was an assistant professor of economics at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou when the 1989 pro-democracy demonstrations began in China. He co-organized the protests and was arrested in 1989. After nearly five years in prison on two separate occasions, Chen was exiled to the United States in 1996. There, he became a visiting scholar at Columbia University, where he obtained an MPA. Chen later built a career as the principal of a business school located in Manhattan, New York.

At the same time, he has been writing for Chinese pro-reform or pro-democracy publications. He is also an author of a number of books on Chinese political culture and international conflicts, mostly published in Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

Chen regularly appears as an analyst on Chinese current affair programs, including Voice of America, Radio Free Asia, New Tang Dynasty Television, SET Taiwan, Radio Los Angeles 1300, Hong Kong Open Magazine, Beijing Spring, and others; speaking at news conferences, panel discussions, and other events; and offering commentary to media. He frequently writes political columns for Radio Free Asia, Hong Kong's Open Magazine, and other publications. In 2007, Chen was awarded the "Prominent News and Culture Award." Chen was an editorial contributor for The Taipei Times. Topics of Chen's analysis include a range of contemporary issues involving modern China and its relationship with the US and the rest of the world. Other topics discussed include human rights, minority issues, official corruption, social instability, economic inequality, military expansion, and cross-strait tension.


The Elephant's Journey

# The Elephant's Journey

## Abstract

The Elephant's Journey (Portuguese: A Viagem do Elefante) is a novel by Nobel Prize -winning author José Saramago. It was first published in 2008 with an English translation in 2010.

## Plot

In 1551, King João III of Portugal gave Archduke Maximilian an unusual wedding present: an elephant named Solomon or Suleiman. This elephant's journey from Lisbon to Vienna was witnessed and remarked upon by scholars, historians, and ordinary people. Out of this material, José Saramago has spun a novel already heralded as "a triumph of language, imagination, and humor" (El País).

Solomon and his keeper, Subhro, begin in dismal conditions, forgotten in a corner of the palace grounds. When it occurs to the king and queen that an elephant would be an appropriate wedding gift, everyone rushes to get them ready: Subhro is given two new suits of clothes and Solomon a long overdue scrub. They cross the border into Spain at Castelo Rodrigo and meet the Archduke at Valladolid.

Accompanied by the Archduke, his new wife, the royal guard, Soloman and Subhro cross a continent riven by the Reformation and civil wars. They make their way through the storied cities of northern Italy: Genoa, Piacenza, Mantua, Verona, Venice, and Trento, where the Council of Trent is in session. They brave the Alps and the terrifying Isarco and Brenner Passes; they sail from Rosas across the Mediterranean Sea and later up the Inn River (elephants, it turns out, are natural sailors). At last they make their grand entry into the imperial city. The Elephant's Journey is a tale of friendship and adventure.

## Topics

Saramago shows the sentimental side of all people and animals, regardless of their social status. The characters are thus full of different nuances, such as the ignorance of kings, the convenient flexibility of a cleric in the middle of the night, the intelligence of a mahout to sell elephant hair to alleviate any evil.

## Editions

The novel was translated into English by Margaret Jull Costa and published in 2010.

## Reception

Upon release, The Elephant's Journey was generally well-received. Culture Critic gave it an aggregated critic score of 93 percent based on an accumulation of British and American press reviews. On Bookmarks Magazine Jan/Feb 2011 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a (4.0 out of 5) based on critic reviews with the critical summary saying, "Saramago's "vividly imagined alternate history" (Milwaukee Jrnl Sentinel) charmed the critics with its vibrant characters, rich irony, and droll, but astute, observations".

## Awards and recognitions

- 2009 São Paulo Prize for Literature — Shortlisted in the Best Book of the Year category (Portuguese original)

- 2011 Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize — Winner (English translation).


Aleksa Matić (footballer, born 1996)

# Aleksa Matić (footballer, born 1996)

## Abstract

Aleksa Matić (Serbian Cyrillic: Алекса Матић; born 12 March 1996) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for Loznica in the Serbian First League.


The Cup (2011 film)

# The Cup (2011 film)

## Abstract

The Cup is a 2011 Australian biographical film directed by Simon Wincer. The film is about the 2002 Melbourne Cup race won by Damien Oliver. Starring Brendan Gleeson, Stephen Curry, Daniel MacPherson, Tom Burlinson and Bill Hunter, in his final film before his death.

## Plot

The Melbourne Cup is called The Race That Stops a Nation, but never in the history of Australia's 150-year-old Thoroughbred Classic has there been so dramatic a contest as the 2002 running. The Cup follows the world's finest horsemen as they plot their paths across the globe – from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia – and into the Winners Circle of the richest and most prestigious two-mile handicap. But the heart of this true story is a young Australian jockey, Damien Oliver, who loses his only brother in a tragic racing accident just days before the great race. To make matters worse, the same fate claimed Damien and Jason Oliver's father decades before. Following his brother's death, Damien suffers through an almost endless series of discouraging defeats only to triumph on one of sport's greatest stages in one of the most thrilling finales in all of sport.

## Cast

- Brendan Gleeson as Dermot Weld

- Stephen Curry as Damien Oliver

- Daniel MacPherson as Jason Oliver

- Tom Burlinson as Dave Phillips

- Jodi Gordon as Trish Oliver

- Martin Sacks as Neil Pinner

- Shaun Micallef as Lee Freedman

- Bill Hunter as Bart Cummings

- Colleen Hewett as Pat Oliver

- Nick Simpson-Deeks as Pat Smullen

- Reg Gorman as Vern

## Reception

The Cup received mixed to negative reviews, currently holding a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 26%.

Joe Leydon of Variety gave a positive review, saying "Although it canters down a well-trod path toward a predictable finish line, The Cup sustains interest through the smooth efficiency of its storytelling and the engaging performances of its lead players." Sandra Hall of The Sydney Morning Herald called it "a shamelessly old-fashioned picture but if you like horses and fancy cantering off into the land of wish-fulfilment for a couple of hours, why not?"

Luke Buckmaster of Crikey.com gave a negative review, saying "Director Simon Wincer was not the right person to avoid certain temptations, like dunking the audience's noggins into a honey pot of clichés." Mike McGranaghan of Aisle Seat thought the film was a "pleasant-enough viewing experience. At the same time, I was never as riveted as I have been by other, similarly-themed films. It makes you feel good without ever truly stirring the soul."


Independent Network News (TV program)

# Independent Network News (TV program)

## Abstract

The Independent Network News (INN) (later retitled INN: The Independent News and USA Tonight) was an American syndicated television news program that ran from June 9, 1980, to June 23, 1990. The program aired seven nights a week on various independent stations across the United States and was designed to serve those stations in the same manner that the " Big Three " network news programs – ABC World News Tonight, NBC Nightly News and the CBS Evening News – served their affiliates.

## History

The program debuted on June 9, 1980, under its original title Independent Network News. The newscast was a production of Tribune Broadcasting 's New York City station WPIX, and was distributed by Tribune's syndication division as one of the first programs that the company produced for the syndication market. As INN was produced at WPIX, that station's on-air news staff presided over the broadcast. The nightly broadcast was helmed by a three-anchor team consisting of Pat Harper, Bill Jorgensen, and Steve Bosh with Jerry Girard reporting on sports and Roberto Tirado providing national weather forecasts (Tirado would later be replaced by Bob Harris), and WPIX's local reporting staff was also utilized for the program. Saturday and Sunday editions of INN were added to the schedule in October 1980; these were initially anchored by Ted O'Brien.

INN also used reports from its member stations, the Associated Press, United Press International, Visnews, and later CNN to supplement its own coverage. WPIX transmitted the national show's live feed via satellite —initially via Westar 3 —at 9:30 p.m. Eastern Time each night. (Most stations that carried the program aired INN 30 minutes to one hour after the initial feed.) In the New York City area, WPIX paired a replay of the national INN broadcast at 10 p.m., with its own local newscast at 10:30, called the Action News Metropolitan Report. The newscast carried three minutes of national advertising and three minutes for local ads.

As part of a midday expansion of INN starting in 1981, WPIX also experimented with a half-hour midday newscast at 12:30 p.m. that was co-anchored by Marvin Scott and Claire Carter; this followed the national broadcast which aired at noon. During the decade, WPIX also offered the business-oriented news program The Wall Street Journal Report (which continues to air today in syndication and also airs on CNBC, albeit under the name of On the Money); and the Sunday newsmaker show From the Editor's Desk, hosted by Richard D. Heffner, to stations carrying INN.

Bill Jorgensen left the program (and WPIX) in 1983. Bosh and Harper continued to anchor together for another year until Bosh departed in 1984 to join KDFW-TV in Dallas. Brad Holbrook, who joined the operation a year earlier after anchoring at WNAC-TV / WNEV-TV in Boston, became co-anchor with Harper. Also in 1984, WPIX dropped its Action News branding for the station's local newscasts and decided to rebrand its 7:30 and 10:30 p.m. newscasts as INN: The Independent News. The midday newscast continued (now under the title of INN: Midday Edition) until the fall of 1985, when it was replaced by the lighter-toned Inday News, which focused upon consumer news and human interest stories. Donna Hanover, who was already anchoring the local 7:30 WPIX newscast, anchored this newscast alongside Brad Holbrook (Marvin Scott, meanwhile, was reassigned to anchor the weekend editions of the national broadcast), which was part of a syndicated block called Inday, a co-venture of Tribune, LBS Communications and Columbia Pictures Television, designed to provide stations with a two-hour block of news and "infotainment"; Inday was cancelled by 1986.

In January 1985, Tribune signed veteran CBS News correspondent Morton Dean to anchor both the national Independent News broadcast and the late WPIX newscast. Pat Harper would leave WPIX and INN later on in the spring of 1985, taking over as the 6 PM co-anchor at WNBC-TV; Sheila Stainback, formerly of WBAL-TV in Baltimore, was brought in to replace her alongside Dean. Harper's place on the 7:30 local broadcast was given to Donna Hanover, with Holbrook as co-anchor.

Beginning on January 12, 1987, the national INN newscast was renamed USA Tonight, keeping that name for the remainder of its run although the INN name and logo was still used in graphics. An increased focus was placed on features in the retitled program, and Dean began anchoring the program by himself. A year after the new format was implemented, Dean left Tribune for ABC News and a returning Brad Holbrook took the anchor position on weeknights. Stainback would eventually return as his co-anchor, with both of them continuing to anchor the local newscast that followed.

The weekend editions of USA Tonight were discontinued after Marvin Scott was reassignedto WPIX in 1989; he and Mary Garofalo were named anchors of WPIX's local newscast, which moved to 10 PM as the lead in for USA Tonight at 10:30. Holbrook remained as anchor of the national broadcast through all of this, while Stainback initially anchored alongside him before being moved to weekends.

By 1990, it was clear that Tribune's nationally syndicated newscast was not much longer for television. Far fewer stations had been airing USA Tonight as the 1980s advanced, with some choosing to focus on their own news divisions and others choosing to affiliate with either one of the major networks or the fledgling Fox network. With this in mind, Tribune Broadcasting entered into a collaborative agreement with CNN, which essentially made the then-six station Tribune group news affiliates of the then- Turner Broadcasting System cable channel. The final INN newscast aired on June 23, 1990; through its initial deal with CNN, Tribune retained some of the program's staff as Tribune Broadcasting's Washington, D.C. bureau. On March 13, 2009, Tribune Broadcasting officially closed the Washington bureau as an effect of the Great Recession and the sale of Tribune to Sam Zell afflicting the company with a heavy debt burden which required severe company cutbacks.

### Stations airing INN

When INN premiered, the program aired on Tribune's three television stations at the time—WPIX, WGN-TV in Chicago, and KWGN-TV in Denver —and 21 other outlets at launch, a number that rose from 24 stations to 41 before the end of 1980.

By the start of 1983, INN was being aired by 78 stations.


Working Families Party

# Working Families Party

## Abstract

The Working Families Party (WFP) is a progressive minor political party in the United States, founded in New York in 1998. There are active chapters in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

The Working Families Party of New York was first organized in 1998 by a coalition of labor unions, community organizations, members of the now-inactive national New Party, and a variety of advocacy groups such as Citizen Action of New York and ACORN: the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now. The party is primarily concerned with healthcare reform, raising the minimum wage, universal paid sick days, addressing student debt, progressive taxation, public education, and energy and environmental reform. It has usually cross-endorsed progressive Democratic and some Republican candidates through fusion voting but occasionally runs its own candidates.

## History

Dan Cantor, the labor coordinator for Jesse Jackson 's 1988 presidential campaign, and Joel Rogers wrote Party Time in which they called for a "party within the party". Cantor and Rogers formed the New Party in 1990, and planned on taking advantage of electoral fusion. The party started running candidates, but was losing support by 1997. Cantor, staff from the New Party, Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now, and others formed the Working Families Party in 1998. Bill de Blasio, the future mayor of New York City and friend of Cantor, was present for the party's foundation.

The Connecticut Working Families Party was formed in 2002, by organizations that included ACORN, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, Communications Workers of America, and United Food and Commercial Workers.

In 2010, the party recruited and trained thirteen candidates for seats on the New York City Council in the 2013 election. Twelve of these candidates won.

## Ideology

WFP follows the ideals of progressive politics, describing itself as a "grass roots independent political organization". The WFP has been referred to by some as the Tea Party movement of the left.

## Electoral strategy

Like other minor parties in the state, the WFP benefits from New York's electoral fusion laws that allow the party to support another party's candidate when they feel it aligns with their platform. This allows sympathetic voters to support a minor party without feeling like they are "wasting" their vote. Usually, the WFP endorses the Democratic Party candidate, but it has occasionally endorsed moderate Republican Party candidates as a strategy for spurring bipartisan action on its policy priorities.

In some cases, the WFP has put forward its own candidates. In the chaotic situation following the 2003 assassination of New York City councilman James E. Davis by political rival Othniel Askew, the slain councilman's brother Geoffrey Davis was chosen to succeed him in the Democratic primary. As it became clear that Geoffrey Davis lacked his late brother's political experience, fellow Democrat Letitia James decided to challenge him in the general election on the WFP ticket and won Brooklyn 's 35th City Council district as the first third-party candidate elected there in 30 years. Despite this success, James switched back to the Democratic Party when she ran successfully for re-election in 2008.

Some of the party's endorsed candidates include Connecticut Governor Dan Malloy, U.S. Representative Jesús "Chuy" García, US Senators Chris Murphy (CT) and Jeff Merkley (OR), former New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, former New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, and New York Attorney General Letitia James, and Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson.

In 2006, the party began ballot access drives in California, Delaware, Massachusetts, Oregon, and South Carolina.

Edwin Gomes, running in a February 2015 special election for the Connecticut State Senate, became the first candidate in the nation to win a state legislative office running solely as a nominee for the Working Families Party.

In 2015, NY WFP ran 111 of its candidates, winning 71 local offices.

In 2015, the WFP endorsed Bernie Sanders in his campaign for U.S. president, its first national endorsement. In 2016, after Hillary Clinton became the Democratic nominee, the WFP endorsed her for president.

In 2017, Joshua M. Hall, running in an April 2017 special election for the Connecticut House of Representatives, became the second candidate in the nation to win a state legislative office running solely as a nominee for the Working Families Party.

In 2019, the WFP endorsed Elizabeth Warren in her campaign for president of the United States. Warren won the endorsement with 60.91% of the vote, compared with 35.82% for runner-up Bernie Sanders. The WFP received some criticism for not releasing the individual vote tallies between the party leadership and membership base, each of which accounts for 50% of the vote. In the 2016 primary the WFP had endorsed Sanders, one of Warren's opponents in the 2020 primary. After Warren dropped out of the race, the WFP endorsed Sanders.

## National presence

Since 2019, the WFP has recruited major progressive elected officials to deliver a Response to the State of the Union address by the President of the United States, as is customary for the opposition party of the President. The following elected officials delivered a response to the State of the Union, beginning in 2019 with a response to then-President Donald Trump:

- 2019: Mandela Barnes, 45th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin

- 2020: Ayanna Pressley, U.S. Representative from MA-07

- 2021: Jamaal Bowman, U.S. Representative from NY-16

- 2022: Rashida Tlaib, U.S. Representative from MI-13

- 2023: Delia Ramirez, U.S. Representative from IL-03

- 2024: Nicolas O'Rourke, Minority Whip of the Philadelphia City Council

## Campaigns

### 1990s

In the 1998 election for governor of New York, the party cross-endorsed the Democratic Party candidate, Peter Vallone. Because he received more than 50,000 votes on the WFP line, the party gained an automatic ballot line for the succeeding four years. The WFP endorsed Chuck Schumer 's original 1998 New York Senate campaign against Republican incumbent Al D'Amato, who Schumer successfully defeated in the 1998 election.

### 2000s

#### 2000

Patricia Eddington of the WFP was elected to the New York State Assembly. In the 2002 election, the Liberal Party, running Andrew Cuomo (who had withdrawn from the Democratic primary), and the Green Party, running academic Stanley Aronowitz, failed to reach that threshold and lost the ballot lines they had previously won. This left the WFP as the only left-progressive minor party with a ballot line. This situation continued until 2011 following the party's cross-endorsement of Eliot Spitzer in the 2006 election, in which he received more than 155,000 votes on the Working Families Party line, more than three times the required 50,000.

#### 2003

In the chaotic situation that followed the 2003 assassination of New York City councilman James E. Davis by political rival Othniel Askew, the slain councilman's brother Geoffrey Davis was chosen to succeed him in the Democratic primary in Brooklyn 's 35th City Council district. As it became clear that Geoffrey Davis lacked his late brother's political experience, fellow Democrat Letitia James decided to challenge him in the general election on the WFP line. James prevailed, becoming the first third-party candidate elected solely on the WFP line.

#### 2006

In 2006, the party began ballot access drives in California, Delaware, Massachusetts, Oregon, and South Carolina.

In South Carolina, the WFP cross-endorsed Democratic party congressional nominees Randy Maatta (District 1) and Lee Ballenger (District 3). In the SC State House elections, the WFP cross-endorsed Democratic Party candidates Anton Gunn (Kershaw, Richland) and Eugene Platt (Charleston).

In New York, the WFP cross-endorsed the statewide Democratic Party slate.

#### 2007

The WFP elected two party members to the city council of Hartford, Connecticut.

#### 2008

The South Carolina Working Families Party convention endorsed five candidates for state and local office. One candidate, Eugene Platt, running for SC State House District 115, was also nominated by the South Carolina Green Party. The nomination of Michael Cone for the US Senate race, opposing incumbent Lindsey Graham, marked the first time the South Carolina party nominated anyone for statewide office. Cone was defeated by former Horry County Republican Committee member Bob Conley in the Democratic primary.

The Connecticut WFP helped elect congressman Jim Himes, defeating long-term Republican congressman Chris Shays.

The WFP endorsed Barack Obama for U.S. President on all their state lines.

#### 2009

The WFP endorsed several candidates for local offices, Bill Thompson for New York City mayor, de Blasio for Public Advocate, and Corey Ellis for Albany mayor. Ellis did very well in the Albany mayoral election, 2009, coming in second ahead of the Republican candidate. The WFP also backed eight new members of the city council, including Brad Lander and Jumaane Williams, who helped create the New York City Council Progressive Caucus.

Two candidates for the Board of Education in Bridgeport, Connecticut were also WFP-supported and are now members of the board.

In August 2009, various media raised questions about the relationship between the WFP, a non-profit political party, and a for-profit private company called Data and Field Services (DFS). An editorial in The New York Times questioned whether DFS may be charging select clients below market rates for political services. In August 2010, the federal investigation into the party ended with no charges being filed, and no charges being referred to other law enforcement agencies.

### 2010s

#### 2010

Andrew Cuomo, the Democratic nominee for Governor of New York, accepted the Working Families Party cross-endorsement.

In the same year, the Connecticut WFP endorsed Dannel Malloy for governor. He received 26,308 votes as a Working Families candidate, putting him ahead of his Republican opponent, and securing ballot access for the party in that state.

#### 2011

In Connecticut, the WFP won all three minority seats on the city council of Hartford, completely eliminating Republican representation. As of 2016, the WFP continues to hold all minority seats on the Hartford City Council. In 2011 Connecticut WFP director Jon Green received a $10,000 fine for failing to wear his badge identifying him as a lobbyist while performing lobbying efforts.

#### 2012

In Connecticut, the WFP backed Chris Murphy 's successful race against billionaire Linda McMahon for the US Senate seat that was vacated by Joe Lieberman, supported SEIU/CCAG leader and organizer Christopher Donovan for Connecticut's 5th Congressional seat, as well as defeated a ballot initiative in Bridgeport, Connecticut, that would have abolished the elected board of education.In Oregon, the WFP backed Jeff Reardon for state house, a challenger who defeated Democrat Mike Schaufler in the primary. The party opposed Schaufler's conservative record on taxes, healthcare and the environment.

#### 2014

After considering Zephyr Teachout, the party re-endorsed Cuomo for New York Governor despite some dissatisfaction and frustration with his first term. However, Cuomo resisted the party's influence and sabotaged the party electorally. In 2010 more than 150,000 of his votes came on the WFP line. As of November 7, 2014, 120,425 votes came on the WFP line for Cuomo, less than in 2010 likely due to "dissatisfaction and frustration" dropping the party from fourth to fifth, behind the Conservative Party and the Green Party.

#### 2015

Edwin Gomes, running in a February 2015 special election for the Connecticut State Senate, became the first candidate in the nation to win a state legislative office running solely as a nominee for the Working Families Party.

On May 5, 2015, Diana Richardson won a special election for a seat in the New York State Assembly, running only on the Working Families ticket.

NY WFP ran 111 candidates in 2015, winning 71 local offices.

In December 2015, the WFP endorsed Bernie Sanders in his 2016 campaign for U.S. president; this was the WFP's first national endorsement. In 2016, after Hillary Clinton became the Democratic nominee, the WFP endorsed her for president.

#### 2016

In the fall of 2015, the Working Families Party conducted a combined membership-drive and open poll among its enrolled members on whom to endorse for President in 2016; the result being Bernie Sanders. Official numbers were not disclosed but party spokesman and co-founder Dan Cantor said the results were "overwhelmingly" in favor of Sanders, with some sources stating it was an 87 to 12 to 1 percent vote with Sanders over Hillary Clinton and Martin O'Malley respectively. The South Carolina Working Families Party cross- endorsed Democratic nominee Dimitri Cherry in his effort to unseat incumbent Congressman Mark Sanford in South Carolina's 1st Congressional District; Cherry also garnered the endorsement of South Carolina's Green Party but lost to Sanford in the general election.

#### 2017

In 2017, Joshua M. Hall, running in an April 2017 special election for the Connecticut House of Representatives, became the second candidate in the nation to win a state legislative office running solely as a nominee for the Working Families Party.

On October 3, 2017, a runoff election for Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama, resulted in the election of Randall Woodfin, who had been backed by the Working Families Party.

#### 2018

In April 2018 an endorsement of Cynthia Nixon over incumbent Andrew Cuomo in Cuomo's bid for a third term as New York governor caused a schism in the party in which labor unions including New York's biggest union Service Employees International Union and Communications Workers of America indicated they would not support the party in the election. The withdrawal was believed would significantly hurt the party's finances which in 2018 was $1.7 million and statewide staff of about 15 people. The battle received considerable attention since there were concerns that Nixon might have drained enough votes from Cuomo in the general election to allow a Republican to be elected. On October 5, 2018, the WFP cleared Nixon from their ticket on the general election ballot and agreed to endorse Cuomo, who defeated Nixon in the Democratic primary, to preserve their ballot line placement.

While campaigning in the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, WFP candidate Liuba Grechen Shirley used campaign funds to pay a caregiver for her two young children. The FEC ruled that federal candidates can use campaign funds to pay for child care costs that result from time spent running for office. Grechen Shirley became the first woman in history to receive approval to spend campaign funds on child care.

#### 2019

On September 16, 2019, the Working Families Party endorsed Elizabeth Warren in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. In the 2016 primaries the party endorsed Bernie Sanders, one of Warren's opponents in the 2020 primary. Some backlash ensued after that decision was made due to the refusal of the WFP to release the vote; they had previously released the vote in 2016. Jacobin speculated that Sanders had likely won the party's membership vote, which mathematically implied that Warren received 82% to 100% of the leadership vote and only received between 22% and 40% of member support.

On November 5, 2019, the Working Families Party candidate Kendra Brooks won an At-Large seat on Philadelphia City Council. The City Council reserves two seats for a minority party, and this is the first time one of those seats went to a candidate not on the Democrat or Republican line in forty years.

### 2020s

#### 2020

On March 9, 2020, after Elizabeth Warren dropped out of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, the Working Families Party endorsed Bernie Sanders for president. They endorsed Joe Biden on August 13, 2020, during the run-up to the 2020 Democratic National Convention.

#### 2021

The Working Families Party initially gave a ranked endorsement for the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary, members voted to rank Scott Stringer first, Dianne Morales second, and Maya Wiley third. After Stringer was accused of sexual assault, they rescinded his endorsement and issued a dual endorsement of Morales and Wiley. They then backed Wiley after Morales campaign staff alleged union busting.

#### 2022

The Working Families Party set up a California chapter in January 2022, naming former San Francisco Supervisor and State Director of Bernie Sanders' 2020 presidential campaign Jane Kim as its executive director.

#### 2023

Councilmember Kendra Brooks won re-election in 2023 to her at-large seat on Philadelphia City Council, and in the same election, Working Families Party candidate Nicolas O'Rourke secured the other of the two at-large seats reserved for minority party members on Philadelphia City Council, bringing the total of Working Families Party members on Philadelphia City Council to two.

## Leadership

The state directors of the WFP are Ana Maria Archila and Jasmine Gripper (NY), Sarah Ganong (CT), Sue Altman (NJ), Brandon Evans (PA), Karly Edwards (OR), Jay Hutchins (MD), Delvone Michael (DC), Marina Dimitrijevic (WI), Ryan Frankenberry (WV), Georgia Hollister-Isman (RI), and Jane Kim (CA).

WFP's national director is Maurice Mitchell.

## Notable elected officials

The following notable elected officials won elections solely on the Working Families Party ballot line:

## Works cited


Rinus VeeKay

# Rinus VeeKay

## Abstract

Rinus van Kalmthout (Dutch pronunciation:; born 11 September 2000), known professionally as Rinus VeeKay, is a Dutch racing driver. He drives the No. 21 Dallara-Chevrolet for Ed Carpenter Racing in the IndyCar Series.

## Career

### Karting

Van Kalmthout started karting in 2009. The eight-year-old won races in the 4-stroke cadet championship with a DR chassis. He finished second in the championship. During the 2009-2010 winter season Van Kalmthout won the 4-stroke cadet series. The following season the young driver graduated into the Briggs & Stratton World Formula 4-stroke class winning the Dutch and Benelux championships. He also focused on the Rotax Max Minimax class winning the Dutch championship in 2012 and Junior championship in 2013. Throughout 2014 and 2015 van Kalmthout raced in various Rotax Max racing series. He finished second in the Rotax Max Euro Challenge Senior class, behind Australian driver Pierce Lehane.

### Junior open-wheel formulae

Introduced as Rinus VeeKay, Van Kalmthout signed with Pabst Racing to race in the American-based USF2000. VeeKay tested the Tatuus USF-17 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The young Dutch driver ran constant top-ten times for the new driver, new team entry. To further prepare for the 2017 season VeeKay raced in the final two rounds of the French V de V Challenge Monoplace. In an MP Motorsport entered 2013 Tatuus Formula Renault 2.0 car VeeKay scored five podium finishes in six races. In the 2017 U.S. F2000 Championship, VeeKay won six races and finished second in the championship to Oliver Askew.

After winning the 2018 Pro Mazda Championship with Juncos Racing, VeeKay stepped up to the Indy Lights championship for 2019 again with Juncos Racing. He finished second in the championship, again behind Askew.

### IndyCar Series

In July 2019 it was announced that VeeKay would join the IndyCar test at Portland with Ed Carpenter Racing. On 20 November the team officially signed him as the replacement for Spencer Pigot.

In his first IndyCar race in the Genesys 300 at Texas Motor Speedway he crashed in practice. He missed qualifying as the team couldn't fix the car in time. In the race, he crashed out on lap 38 and collected Alex Palou. At Iowa Speedway, confusion over a postponed restart led Colton Herta to launch over VeeKay's car from the rear; both drivers were unharmed due to a new laminate aeroscreen introduced for 2020. VeeKay achieved his first top 5 finish in IndyCar at the IndyGP and his first podium in the Harvest GP. He was confirmed for a return to ECR in 2021 on October 25, 2020. He won the Indy GP, scoring his first win, 5 seconds ahead of second-placed Romain Grosjean. VeeKay ran as high as fourth place in the championship after back to back top ten finishes including a second-place finish in Detroit before he fractured his clavicle during a cycling accident, forcing him to miss the following race at Road America. After the season VeeKay and ECR announced he had re-signed with the team for another season.

## Racing record

### Career summary

As van Kalmthout was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points. Points only counted towards the Michelin Endurance Cup, and not the overall LMP2 Championship. Season still in progress.

### American open-wheel racing results

#### IndyCar Series

(key)

### Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Points only counted towards the Michelin Endurance Cup, and not the overall LMP2 Championship. Season still in progress.


Oguntola Sapara

# Oguntola Sapara

## Abstract

Oguntola Odunbaku Sapara (9 June 1861 – June 1935) was a Yoruba doctor, originally from Sierra Leone, who spent most of his career and life in Nigeria. He was best known for his campaign against smallpox.

## Early life and education

Oguntola Sapara was born in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 9 June 1861 and named Alexander Johnson Williams. His father was a liberated slave from Ilesa in Western Nigeria, and his mother was from Egbaland.

While in London, Sapara put himself at the disposal of Ida B. Wells during her second anti-lynching campaign in the UK (1894), and joined with her at the home of Mrs P. W. Clayden (wife to editor of The Daily News) to mail out copies of English press coverage of Ida's tour to the US President, statesmen, churchmen and newspaper men of the US. Moving to Scotland, in 1895 Sapara obtained the LRCP and LRCS of the University of Edinburgh, the LFPS of the University of Glasgow and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health.

## Medical career

Sapara returned to the Lagos colony. In January 1896 he was appointed an Assistant Colonial Surgeon. He served continuously in different stations for the next 32 years. He made many contributions to improving public health. He fought for slum clearance, organised a society for scientifically training midwives, organised the first public dispensary in 1901, and identified causes of an epidemic of tuberculosis in 1918, which included overcrowding, poor ventilation and public ignorance about hygiene.

He was Chairman of the Health Week Committee, leading the successful fight against bubonic plague, which struck Lagos in 1924.

In Nigeria at that time, numerous secret societies, such as the " Sopona " cult of the Yoruba people, had power. Sometimes they tried to blackmail people, threatening that if an individual did not pay money, the society would make him become ill and die.

When a victim refused, a member would infect him with smallpox through applying scrapings of the skin rash of smallpox cases. To keep their powers, the societies resisted public health efforts for vaccination. Sapara joined the cult incognito, at considerable personal risk. When he had learned the secret of their power, he helped the government prepare legislation to ban the societies.

In the later part of his career, Sapara ran the Massey Street dispensary, serving most of Lagos. He persuaded the government to convert the dispensary into the Massey Street Hospital, opened by Governor Graeme Thomson in 1926.

Sapara took a special interest in traditional herbal medicines, and spent much time in scientific investigation of their effects. His efforts against some of the cults notwithstanding, he was a keen student of traditional Yoruba culture. He defended it at just about every opportunity.

Sapara retired in 1928. He died in Lagos in June 1935. The famous Jùjú musician Tunde King played at his wake.

## Discrimination and politics

As an African, Sapara faced some discrimination. In a report to the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society, Sapara noted that European medical officers were uncomfortable when ranked below African doctors, and in a 1901 conference some had described this as an "indignity". African medical officers were also paid less than their European colleagues. When W. H. Langley, principal medical officer in Nigeria, was asked about expanding the scope of work for African doctors, he responded by attacking their professionalism; in Sapara's case, he brought up the fact that Sapara had allowed clerks to take longer sick leaves than was allowed by government policy.

While visiting London in 1912, Sapara gave financial assistance to the struggling Pan-Africanist African Times and Orient Review published by Dusé Mohamed Ali. Sapara was on the list of invitees from West Africa to the 4th Pan-African Congress, held in New York in 1924, although he may not have attended.

## Recognition and legacy

- Sapara received numerous accolades for his great contributions over a 32-year period of service, the longest of any Nigerian colonial surgeon of his time.

- King George V of the United Kingdom awarded Sapara the Imperial Service Order with special reference to his smallpox activities in June 1923.

- Early in 1924, the Owa of Ijeshaland decorated Sapara with the insignia of Bashemi, a chieftaincy title, in recognition of his contributions to medicine.

- The road behind the hospital was named Sapara Avenue in his memory.

- James Churchill Vaughan attempted with little success to organise the fragmentary records of Sapara's work on traditional medicines. He patented some of his discoveries in herbal medicines, which are still marketed today.

- A portrait of the Oloye Sapara by Aina Onabolu hangs in the National Gallery of Modern Art in Lagos.


List of American films of 2024

# List of American films of 2024

## Abstract

This is a list of American films that are scheduled to release in 2024.

## Box office

The highest-grossing American films released in 2024, by domestic box office gross revenue, are as follows:


Toby Sowery

# Toby Sowery

## Abstract

Toby Sowery (born 30 June 1996 in Melbourn) is a British racing driver who currently races in the IndyCar Series for Dale Coyne Racing in the #51

## Career

### Karting

Born in Melbourn, Sowery began karting in 2004 at the age of eight and claimed titles in Easykart, Junior TKM and Junior Rotax GP.

### Lower Formulae

In 2014, Sowery graduated to single-seaters, beginning with the MSV F3 Cup, where he took the title with ten race wins and fourteen podiums. Later that year, Sowery partook in the MRF Challenge, in which he also claimed the title.

The following year, Sowery entered a few races MSA Formula with MBM Motorsport, where he finished fourteenth with eighty points.

In 2016, Sowery graduated to British F3 with Lanan Racing. There he claimed five victories and led the standings for a time before finishing third behind eventual champion Matheus Leist.

Sowery returned to the MRF Challenge in 2016-17 but only as a development driver working on future upgrades for the Championship.

## Racing record

### Career summary

As Sowery was a guest driver, he was ineligible for championship points. Season still in progress.

### Complete MRF Challenge Formula 2000 results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

### Complete MSA Formula results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

### American open-wheel racing results

#### IndyCar Series

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

### Complete Asian Le Mans Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

### Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Season still in progress.


Don Taxay

# Don Taxay

## Abstract

Donald Paul Taxay (born May 24, 1933) was an American numismatist and historian, known for the reference works he composed, and for his disappearance at the height of his career.

## Career in numismatics

Taxay's first published work was Counterfeit, Mis-Struck and Unofficial U.S. Coins, in 1963, followed by The U.S. Mint and Coinage in 1966 (which Gilroy Roberts called "the most complete and authoritative treatise on the subject ever written"), An Illustrated History of U.S. Commemorative Coinage in 1967, Money of the American Indians in 1970, and Scott's Comprehensive Catalogue and Encyclopedia of United States Coins in 1971. He also served as the curator of the Chase Manhattan Bank Money Museum from April 1964 to May 1966.

### Business Career

His first numismatic job was as manager of the leased coin department at the JordanMarsh Department Store in Boston, joining the firm in 1958. He followed this with stints as the manager of Royal Athena Coin Galleries in New York City, and New Netherlands Coin Company, where he worked with renowned numismatists and researchers John J. Ford and Walter Breen. In 1963, Breen and Taxay formed the Institute of Numismatic Authenticators.

In 1969, he and William Thomas Anton, Jr. co-authored catalogs for Harmer Rooke. In 1974, he joined award-winning numismatist Harry Forman in establishing the coin dealership of Forman, Taxay and Associates. In 1975, Taxay was appointed senior vice president of First Coinventors, Inc. where he also served as director of their Colonial American Coin Club. On July 8, 1976, he formed Rare Coin Collectors Co-op, Inc, which operated until December 30, 1977. In approximately 1977, Taxay withdrew from society.

## Personal life

On December 25, 1977, Taxay married Constance "Connie" Ferris. The marriage ended in divorce on April 12, 1982. Taxay was a resident of Lakeland, Florida by 1979.

## Disappearance

In 2005–2006, the members of the Numismatic Bibliomania Society's mailing list undertook a joint research project to discover what had happened to Taxay. They established that Taxay had been introduced to Indian spirituality by Walter Breen and that, as a result, Taxay became a Rajneeshee and emigrated to India. Historian Karl Moulton — whose 2007 book Henry Voigt and Others Involved in America's Early Coinage includes a chapter analyzing Taxay's historiography — speculates that Taxay attempted to liquidate all his property so that he could donate his wealth to the Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh and describes him as "brainwashed and untraceable," concluding that Taxay's ultimate fate may never be known.


Souleymane's Story

# Souleymane's Story

## Abstract

Souleymane's Story (French: L'Histoire de Souleymane), previously titled The Story of Souleymane, is a 2024 French film directed by Boris Lojkine from a script he wrote with Delphine Agut. The film stars Abou Sangare as Souleymane, an immigrant from Guinea working for a food delivery service in Paris.

## Premise

Souleymane's Story follows Souleymane, a recent Guinean immigrant, through the streets of Paris as he prepares for his asylum application interview while working for a meal delivery service on his bicycle.

## Cast

- Abou Sangare as Souleymane

- Nina Meurisse as the OFPRA agent

- Alpha Oumar Sow as Barry

- Emmanuel Yovanie as Emmanuel

- Younoussa Diallo as Khalil

- Ghislain Mahan as Ghislain

- Mamadou Barry as Mamadou

- Yaya Diallo as Yaya

- Keita Diallo as Kadiatou

## Production

While developing the film, Lojkine and casting director Aline Dalbis consulted with food delivery workers in Paris to learn about the challenges they faced and got to know members of the city's Guinean immigrant community. The film's star, Abou Sangare, was identified during an open casting call conducted as part of this research. Sangare had immigrated to France seven years prior to casting, while he was still a teenager.

Scenes in which Souleymane delivered food on his bicycle were filmed by a cameraman riding a bicycle alongside the actor.

To write the final interview scene, the filmmakers gathered input from Guinean asylum seekers and sat in on interviews conducted by Ofpra (the French Office for the Protectionof Refugees and Stateless Persons).

## Release

Souleymane's Story debuted in the Un Certain Regard portion of the 2024 Cannes Film Festival.

Pyramide Distribution is scheduled to theatrically release the film in France on 9 October 2024.

## Reception

### Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 100% of 17 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.4/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 81 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".


Jonathan Papelbon

# Jonathan Papelbon

## Abstract

Jonathan Robert Papelbon (/ ˈ p æ p əl b ɒ n /; born November 23, 1980) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), most notably for the Boston Red Sox, with whom he was an All-Star in four consecutive seasons (2006 – 2009), won the 2007 Delivery Man of the Year Award, and was a 2007 World Series champion. The Red Sox drafted Papelbon in the fourth round of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft, and he played three seasons of minor league baseball before breaking into the majors. He also pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2012 to 2015, and the Washington Nationals during 2015 and 2016.

## Early life

Jonathan Robert Papelbon was born on November 23, 1980, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was the oldest son of three to John, a staff sergeant in the United States Army, and Sheila, a corporate trust banker. In college, Sheila had been a pitcher for the softball team at Louisiana State University, and all of her children grew up to become baseball pitchers. Papelbon attended Bishop Kenny High School in Jacksonville, Florida, where he was a standout first baseman for the school baseball team. He was named All-City for three consecutive years, and during his senior year in 1999, Papelbon batted.336 with five home runs and 27 runs batted in (RBI). He pitched only occasionally, but threw two no-hitters that same year.

## College career

In his senior year of high school, Papelbon committed to play college baseball for Mississippi State University.

Papelbon was a closer for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and had a 9–6 record with 13 saves and 2.90 ERA in his three years on the team. During his time at MSU, the Bulldogs appeared in the 2001 and 2003 NCAA tournaments and won the 2001 SEC tournament. During the summer after his freshman year, Papelbon played with the Silver Spring-Takoma Thunderbolts in suburban D.C., a summertime collegiate baseball team in the Cal Ripken Collegiate Baseball League. During the subsequent summers of his college career Papelbon played for the Danville Dans, a summer baseball team in Danville, Illinois. Soon after arriving in Danville, he led the team to a CICL championship.

In the 2002 MLB draft, the Oakland Athletics selected Papelbon with a 40th-round draft pick. Oakland's 2002 draft became known as the " Moneyball draft " after the team's scouting strategies were featured in the book Moneyball, which later became a movie by the same name. The team was taking a chance with the pick in the hopes that Papelbon would agree to leave Mississippi State after his junior year, but Athletics scouting director Eric Kubota said Papelbon was firm in his decision to return to school. Papelbon graduated from Mississippi State in 2003.

## Professional career

### Minor leagues

Papelbon was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the fourth round of the 2003 Major League Baseball draft. Papelbon began his minor league career as a starting pitcher for the Lowell Spinners of the New York–Penn League. In 13 games (6 started), he had a 1–2 record, a 6.34 ERA, 43 hits, 36 strikeouts, and 9 walks in 32 + 2 ⁄ 3 innings pitched.

After a 13–10 record for Class-A Lowell Spinners and Sarasota Red Sox from 2003 to 2004, Papelbon was 5–2 in 14 starts for Double-A Portland in 2005. Promoted to Triple-A Pawtucket, he went 1–2 with a 3.57 ERA in four starts, walking two and striking out 21 in 22 1 ⁄ 3 innings.

### Boston Red Sox (2005–2011)

#### 2005

Papelbon made his major league debut with the Red Sox on July 31, 2005, against the Minnesota Twins, in which he went 5 1 ⁄ 3 innings, struck out seven batters and issued five walks in Boston's 4–3 victory. He did not receive a decision. Papelbon earned his first major league win on September 12, pitching three scoreless innings in an extra-inning game against the Toronto Blue Jays. In two postseason appearances in 2005, he pitched four scoreless innings against the eventual World Series Champion Chicago White Sox. The Red Sox had plans of slotting Papelbon into their starting rotation prior to the regular season in 2006. However, the incumbent closer, Keith Foulke, proved to be ineffective trying to come back from an injury-plagued 2005.

#### 2006

In April 2006, Papelbon changed his hair to a Mohawk style, after Charlie Sheen 's character Ricky Vaughn from the film Major League due to a wager with teammate Kevin Youkilis in which they bet whether he could start the season with 10 scoreless innings.

On April 5, the third game of the 2006 season, Papelbon recorded his first career save, against the Texas Rangers. On April 29, he set a major league record with his 10th save, against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, becoming the first rookie in major league history to record double-digit saves in the month of April. He subsequently received the Delivery Man of the Month Award for April. In early September, Papelbon injured his shoulder. When the Red Sox were eliminated from playoff contention, he was shut down for the remainder of the season to rest. The team considered using Papelbon as a starter due to his shoulder problems, but he was moved back to the bullpen before the start of the 2007 season and remained the team's closer. Papelbon in 2006 saved 35 games, struck out 75 batters in 68 innings, and held opposing batters to a.167 batting average.

#### 2007

On October 11, 2007, Papelbon was named the 2007 winner of the "DHL Presents the Major League Baseball Delivery Man of the Year Award." Papelbon garnered 39,043 votes out of almost 125,000 votes cast.

In Game 2 of the World Series, Papelbon was brought in with the bases empty and two outs in the eighth with the Red Sox leading 2–1 to face Rockies hitter Matt Holliday. Papelbon gave up a single to Holliday before picking him off to end the inning. Papelbon pitched a one-two-three ninth for the save. In Game 4, he entered in the eighth inning to shut down the Rockies' comeback, and pitched the ninth inning where he struck out Seth Smith to clinch the 2007 Championship for the Red Sox.

#### 2008

On March 6, 2008, Papelbon agreed to terms with the Red Sox for $775,000. Papelbon's deal set the record for the largest contract for a closer not eligible for salary arbitration, topping Mariano Rivera 's previous record by $25,000. Boston was under no obligation to pay Papelbon more than the league minimum of $390,000. On January 20, 2009, Papelbon agreed to a one-year $6.25 million contract with the Red Sox, avoiding arbitration. This was the largest contract for a closer in his first year of arbitration eligibility. Papelbon recorded his 100th career save on July 13, 2008. Among pitchers who had thrown at least 200 innings, Papelbon's 0.930 WHIP through 2008 was the lowest in major league history.

#### 2009

Papelbon criticized former teammate Manny Ramirez in the April 2009 issue of Esquire magazine, citing his selfishness and incapability of working with his teammates.

On June 29, 2009, Papelbon gained his 132nd save, in a 4–0 shut out against the Baltimore Orioles, tying Bob Stanley 's team record for saves which had stood for 20 years. Stanley prophetically commented to the Boston Herald in reference to Papelbon breaking the record ""He’s a great kid and competitor. If anyone’s going to break it, that’s a good guy to do it. He’s probably going to end up with a lot more than 132." On July 1, Papelbon recorded his 133rd save with the Red Sox, to break the franchise record. He was selected to represent Boston at the 2009 All-Star Game.

Papelbon was cited repeatedly for his slow play. On September 4, 2009, it was reported that he had been fined $5,000 for failing to deliver his first pitch within the required time in a September 1 appearance. Papelbon told the Boston Herald that he had been cited on at least five occasions, and fined more than $10,000 for these violations. Papelbon jokingly added, "I think they're going to call my parole officer and put me away."

In Game 3 of the 2009 ALDS, with Boston down two games to none, Papelbon failed to make the save and Boston was swept. He allowed four hits and three runs; all of the runs scored with two outs. His difficulties continued into the next season.

#### 2010

In 2010, Papelbon failed in eight save attempts (including one against the Yankees on May 17, 2010, where he allowed four earned runs and a walk-off home run for the first time in his career), leaving open the possibility that he might be traded. The Red Sox kept Papelbon as their closer and his productivity improved over the 2011 season.

#### 2011

On June 7, 2011, Papelbon recorded his 200th career save against the New York Yankees, and achieved the mark in the fewest appearances (359), beating Mariano Rivera's mark in 382 appearances. For the 2011 season, Papelbon recorded 31 saves in 34 opportunities. He blew just three saves all season long, but two occurred during the final month of the season, including the final game of the 2011 regular season; the Red Sox and Rays tied in the standings for the AL Wild Card, and Papelbon blew a 3–2 lead against the Baltimore Orioles and allowed them a walk-off 4–3 win. Just moments later, the Rays won their game against the Yankees with a walk-off home run by Evan Longoria to clinch the Wild Card, capping off a nine-game comeback in the standings against Boston and officially eliminating them from the playoffs. Following the 2011 World Series, Papelbon became a free agent.

### Philadelphia Phillies (2012–2015)

#### 2012

In November 2011 Papelbon agreed with the Philadelphia Phillies on a four-year, $50 million contract (equivalent to $ 67.7 million in 2023) with a vesting option for a fifth year, bringing the total possible contract value to $60 million. It was the largest contract ever signed by a relief pitcher. He was signed to fill the role of former closer Ryan Madson, who left to join the Reds.

During April, Papelbon started using Metallica 's song " For Whom the Bell Tolls " as his entrance music. Papelbon finished the season with 64 games finished (leading the National League), 38 saves, 92 strikeouts, and a 2.44 ERA over 70 innings pitched.

#### 2013

Papelbon finished the 2013 season with 29 saves in 61 games. His save total was the lowest of any of his complete MLB seasons to that point, and the Phillies finished with a 73–89 win–loss record. Papelbon said that he could not remember playing for another losing team. He lost more than two miles per hour off of his average fastball velocity, and after the season he said he had been playing with an injured hip.

#### 2014

On June 10, Papelbon earned his 300th career save against the San Diego Padres, becoming the 27th member of the 300 save club. On August 26, Papelbon recorded his 100th save with the Philadelphia Phillies becoming tied for fourth on the all-time franchise saves list. On September 1, Papelbon was one of four pitchers who combined for a no-hitter in the Phillies' 7–0 win over the Atlanta Braves.

On September 14, 2014, Papelbon blew a save against the Miami Marlins, and was booed by the hometown Phillies fans at Citizens Bank Park. He then made an obscene gesture toward the fans, for which he was ejected from the game. He initiated a confrontation with umpire Joe West, who had thrown him out of the game, and was subsequently suspended by MLB for seven games. His high school coach said: "The persona that I think he exhibits makes... fans... dislike. Unless you're a Phillies fan... and even some of them don't like him."

#### 2015

In April 2015, he had a heated argument with radio/TV commentator Howard Eskin in the Phillies clubhouse, and the two needed to be separated and restrained. On May 13, Papelbon became the Phillies all-time saves leader with 113 saves.

### Washington Nationals

#### 2015

Papelbon began to express discontent with being on the Phillies as the trade deadline inched closer. On July 28, 2015, the Phillies traded Papelbon to the Washington Nationals for Nick Pivetta. Papelbon assumed the role of Nationals' closer from Drew Storen.

On September 23, Papelbon intentionally threw a pitch at Manny Machado 's head, resulting in immediate ejection. Machado tried to dodge the ball from hitting his head by throwing up his left shoulder and the ball hit his shoulder. The hit by pitch came after Machado hit a go-ahead home run in the 7th off of Max Scherzer which gave the Orioles the lead and the win. Two days later, MLB suspended Papelbon for three games and fined him; he initially appealed the suspension.

Papelbon initiated an argument with teammate Bryce Harper during their September 27 game, as Harper was returning to the dugout following his at bat. The exchange escalated, and Papelbon grabbed Harper by the throat and then shoved Harper toward the bench with both hands, before the two were separated by teammates. Nats fans on Twitter offered to donate $100 each (totaling thousands of dollars) to a charity of the Nats' choosing if it got rid of Papelbon. The Nationals suspended Papelbon for four games without pay for attacking Harper, costing Papelbon $284,153. Papelbon dropped his appeal of his suspension for hitting Machado. With seven games remaining for the Nationals, the pair of suspensions ended his season. Papelbon finished the season with seven saves with the Nationals, and 24 in total for the season. On December 6, 2015, Papelbon filed a grievance complaint against the Nationals organization, seeking the money he lost when he was suspended.

#### 2016

During the offseason, Storen was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays, cementing Papelbon as the team's closer. On June 14, 2016, Papelbon was placed on the 15-day disabled list due to an Intercostal muscle strain, the first stint on the disabled list in his career. The team acquired Mark Melancon to supplant him as closer in late July.

On August 13, Papelbon requested and was granted his release from the Nationals. The Nats released Papelbon despite still being obligated to pay him $3.3 million over the remainder of the season. In 2016, Papelbon was 2–4 with a career-high 4.37 ERA and 19 saves for the Nationals.

## Pitching style

Papelbon's velocity fueled much discussion about his overall value as a pitcher. Around 2011, his four-seam fastball reached 95 miles per hour (153 km/h), but by 2013, one column on FanGraphs asserted that his velocity was "on the down side of that mountain", and that, for a reliever, he did not strike out enough hitters. Peter Gammons tweeted that some teams were not interested in acquiring Papelbon because of his velocity decline as well as poor performance in clutch situations – in 2013, he converted only five of nine one-run save opportunities.

Papelbon threw three pitches. His predominant pitch was the fastball, which he cut with "hard sweeping movement", particularly effectively against left-handed hitters. He also threw an occasional two-seam fastball, which averaged 92 miles per hour (148 km/h). Secondarily, he threw a splitter, which he utilized as a strikeout pitch and particularly "work well with the fastball". His tertiary pitch was a sweeping slider, the velocity of which was around 76 miles per hour (122 km/h).

## Personal life

Papelbon and his wife, Ashley Jefferies, live in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. They have two children: a daughter born December 27, 2008, and a son born April 17, 2010.

Papelbon’s younger brother, Josh, played college baseball as a pitcher at the University of North Florida and was drafted by the Red Sox in the 46th round of the 2006 MLB Draft. His other brother, Jeremy, also pitched at the University of North Florida and was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 19th round of the 2006 MLB draft.

He appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman on October 31, 2007, after the Red Sox won the 2007 World Series. On December 20, 2007, Papelbon claimed that his dog "Boss" chewed up the ball that recorded the final out of the 2007 World Series. Papelbon is an avid fan of the Jacksonville Jaguars and attended games at TIAA Bank Field after the completion of the baseball season.

His Red Sox teammate Curt Schilling said of Papelbon: "He's not exactly a charter member of Mensa." His former general manager Theo Epstein observed: "He's not a Rhodes Scholar... obviously." Esquire ' s Chris Jones had a slightly different take, writing: "Papelbon's not stupid. He just hasn't acquired... an understanding of consequence: He says all the dumb things most of us probably think but keep back."

## Honors, awards, and records

### Honors

Papelbon appeared on the 2022 ballot for the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He appeared on only five ballots (1.3% of submissions), falling short of the five percent voter threshold required to appear on future ballots.

### Awards and records

- 6x All-Star (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015)

- Holds the single-season record for most saves in a season by a Red Sox rookie (2006)

- First pitcher in Boston Red Sox franchise history to have three 30 save seasons

- Holds the Major League record for most consecutive scoreless innings to start a postseason career (25)

- One of only two (Craig Kimbrel) and first pitcher to record 25 saves in each of his first five full seasons; he recorded 30 in each of those years

- Was the fastest pitcher in MLB history to reach 200 career saves (later surpassed by Craig Kimbrel)

- Philadelphia Phillies All-Time Saves Leader (113 saves)

- Boston Red Sox All-Time Saves Leader (219 saves)


The Curse of Downers Grove

# The Curse of Downers Grove

## Abstract

The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis. Based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg, the film stars Kevin Zegers, Bella Heathcote, Penelope Mitchell, Lucas Till, Zane Holtz, Helen Slater, and Tom Arnold. The film received a limited theatrical release on August 21, 2015, and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1, 2015.

## Plot

Set in Downers Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, the film is a teen angst thriller set in a high school gripped by an apparent curse that claims the life of a senior every year. The story follows the lives of two seniors: Chrissie, who is skeptical of the curse, and Tracy, who believes that she may be the next victim.

## Cast

- Bella Heathcote as Chrissie

- Penelope Mitchell as Tracy

- Lucas Till as Bobby

- Zane Holtz as Guy

- Kevin Zegers as Chuck

- Mark L. Young as Ian

- Helen Slater as Chrissy's mother

- Tom Arnold as Chuck's father

- Jacqueline Emerson as Eyde

- Marcus Giamatti as Rich

- David Jason Perez as Jason

- Sherilyn Henderson as Monica Chase

- Joel Michael Kramer as Ryan

- Jeff Staron as Ezra

- Travis Nelson as Hunter

- Sean A. Rosales as Mike

## Production

### Filming

Principal photography began on March 10, 2013, and lasted for 25 days. Filming primarily took place throughout Pomona, California, including the historic Lincoln Park neighborhood. It is the first feature film to take advantage of an expansion of the studio zone resulting in the availability of Pomona.

### Music

The film's music was composed by Matthew Margeson, who previously co-scored Kick-Ass 2 with Henry Jackman.


Jack Nasher

# Jack Nasher

## Abstract

Jack Nasher (born Jack Lord Nasher-Awakemian; 1 June 1979) is a German author, negotiation advisor.

## Early life and education

Nasher went to school in Germany, France, and in the United States. He received a master's degree in Philosophy and Psychology at Trier University. He graduated with law degree from Frankfurt University, received a master's degree in management studies from Oxford University; and was a Research Associate of Holywell Manor, Oxford,. He completed a doctorate in philosophy at Vienna University. Nasher concluded his legal training at the European Court of Justice, at the European Parliament, and at the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. and at the German mission to the United Nations in New York City.

## Career

### Teaching

Nasher started his teaching career as a tutor at Oxford University, where he also conducted interviews for prospective students, before being appointed Professor for Leadership and Organization at Munich Business School in 2010. At the time of his appointment, he was the youngest professor in the state of Bavaria. He is a visiting faculty of the Bing Overseas Studies Program at Stanford University

### Works

Nasher mostly applies psychological concepts in order to assess and influence individuals, mostly in the context of negotiations. He is a contributor for Forbes and authors the annual Top 10 list of "World Changing Negotiations". Nasher's books reached were published in the USA, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Czech Republic, Korea, Russia, Taiwan, Japan, Mexico and China.

Nasher's work has been covered in publications such as The Wall Street Journal, ZEIT, Fast Company, Inc. and Forbes.

- Deal! Frankfurt/New York: Campus 2013, ISBN 978-3593398211 reached multiple bestselling status in Germany, became one of Germany's best selling business books of the year and was considered one of the best career books of the year. It was subsequently published in Russia, Korea, Taiwan, China, Japan, Austria and in Switzerland.

- CONVINCED! How to Prove Your Competence and Win People Over. Berrett-Koehler 2018, ISBN 9781523095599 was published in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, China, Korea, Russia, Poland, Mexico, the USA, Canada, India, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

- Durchschaut! Das Geheimnis, kleine und große Lügen zu entlarven. Random House 2010, ISBN 978-3-453-16992-0 also published in China, Korea, Taiwan, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland.

## Awards and memberships

- In 2016, Nasher received the Gold Medal for best paper at the International Conference on Applied Psychology in Colombo/Sri Lanka

- Full member, Society of Personality & Social Psychology

- Principle Practitioner, Association of Business Psychologists

## Philanthropy

Nasher donated his royalties from his book publication on Karl Popper's Open Society ("Die Staatstheorie Karl Poppers") to Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization.

## Trivia

Nasher is an avid mentalist and regularly performs at The Magic Castle in Hollywood, California. He has performed in the show Manhattan Magic on Times Square in New York City in 2009., and was a participant in the German TV-Show The next Uri Geller.

Nasher acted as a co-executive producer for the British gangster movie "The Smoke" that was introduced at the Marbella International Film Festival.

He is a cousin of the Afghan singer Farhad Darya.

## Conferences

- What Makes Leaders Look Great? Actual and Perceived Competence of Leaders; interactive poster presented at the 42nd Annual Conference of the European International Business Academy (EIBA), 2–5 December 2016, Vienna/Austria.

- The Art of Showing Expertise, CECE Congress "Industry in Transformation. Drivers of Success"; 5–7 October 2016, Prague/Czech Republic

- Casting a Brick for a Jade, 6th International Biennial on Negotiation, 16–18 November, Paris/France

- The Impression of Competence, International Conference on Applied Psychology, 26–28 August 2016, Colombo/Sri Lanka.

- The Norm of Reciprocity Revisited, 11th Global Research Symposium, 15–17 June 2016, Rome/Italy.