# Judicial Conference of the United States

## Abstract

The Judicial Conference of the United States, formerly known as the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, was created by the United States Congress in 1922 with the principal objective of framing policy guidelines for administration of judicial courts in the United States. The Conference derives its authority from 28 U.S.C. § 331, which states that it is headed by the chief justice of the United States and consists of the chief justice, the chief judge of each court of appeals federal regional circuit, a district court judge from various federal judicial districts, and the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade.

## History

Responding to a backlog of cases in the federal courts, in 1922 Congress enacted a new form of court administration that advanced the institutionalization of an independent judiciary. The establishment of an annual Conference of Senior Circuit Judges, later to be known as the Judicial Conference of the United States, culminated more than a decade of public debate on the reform of judicial administration. The Conference of Senior Circuit Judges provided the first formal mechanism by which members of the federal judiciary might develop national administrative policies, reassign judges temporarily, and recommend legislation.

Chief Justice William Howard Taft, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1921, had led a public campaign for federal judicial reform since leaving the White House in 1913. Taft proposed the appointment of at-large judges, what he called a "flying squadron", that could be assigned temporarily to congested courts. In Taft's plan, a conference of judges would serve primarily to assess the caseload of the lower courts and assign the at-large judges to courts in need. Taft, supported by a group of federal judges and legal scholars, hoped that the establishment of a more efficient federal judiciary would deflect the efforts of Senator George W. Norris and others who advocated an end to life tenure on the federal bench and the restriction of the lower federal courts' jurisdiction.

By the time Taft became Chief Justice, the increased caseload resulting from World War I and the enforcement of Prohibition had contributed to broad support for reform of the federal judiciary. Assuming a role as leader of the judiciary as well as the Supreme Court, Taft joined with Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty and appeared before the Senate Judiciary Committee to urge legislation. A large majority in Congress agreed with the need for reform, but both the Senate and the House of Representatives insisted on revising Taft's proposals so that they conformed more closely to the traditions of the federal judiciary.

Congress established an annual conference of the chief justice of the United States (or the senior associate justice if the chief is unable), and the senior circuit judge (now called the chief judge) from each judicial circuit and charged the conference with a general mandate to advise on the administrative needs of the federal courts. The act required the senior judge in each district to prepare an annual report of the business of the district's court. The conference would use these reports to prepare suggestions for the temporary transfer of judges, pending the approval of all courts involved. This expansion of the authority to transfer judges fell far short of Taft's concept of a permanent corps of at-large judges. Congress established 24 temporary judgeships, but adhered to the principle of fixed residency for district judges. Congress also declined to make the attorney general a member of the conference, although the act permitted the chief justice to request the attorney general to report on the business of the courts. Even without a formal relationship with Congress or the Department of Justice (which then administered the federal courts), the conference offered the judiciary a means of communicating its administrative needs.

The conference was renamed the Judicial Conference of the United States in 1948. In 1956, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the Court of Claims. At that time, the judges of the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (CCPA) declined to include a representative on the conference. The size of the conference nearly doubled following an act of 1957 that provided for the appellate and district judges in each circuit to elect a district judge to represent the circuit on the conference for a term of three years. In 1961 the chief judge of the CCPA began serving on the conference. The chief judges of these Court of Claims and the CCPA served on the conference until 1982 when their courts merged to become the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In 1990, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade. In 1996, Congress expanded the district judge term up to five years and allowed senior district judges to serve.

## Committee activities

The Judicial Conference last revised its committee structure in 1987, then naming a total of 20 Standing Advisory Committees, seven of which were then newly organized, and several of which absorbed other, previous Committees:

- Committee on Administration of the Bankruptcy System, 1968-present

- Committee on Administration of the Magistrate Judges System, 1991-present

- Committee on Audits and Administrative Office Accountability, 2009-present

- Committee on the Budget, 1959-present

- Committee on Codes of Conduct, 1987-present

- Committee on Court Administration and Case Management, 1990-present

- Committee on Criminal Law, 1992-present

- Committee on Defender Services, 1987-present

- Executive Committee, 1968-present

- Committee on Federal-State Jurisdiction, 1987-present

- Committee on Financial Disclosure, 1992-present

- Committee on Information Technology, 2002-present

- Committee on Intercircuit Assignments, 1968-present

- Committee on International Judicial Relations, 1993-present

- Committee on the Judicial Branch, 1980-present

- Committee on Judicial Conduct and Disability, 2007-present

- Committee on Judicial Resources, 1987-present

- Committee on Judicial Security, 2006-present

- Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure, 1958-present

- Committee on Space and Facilities, 2006-present

Each Advisory Committee is charged, respectively, with drafting proposed amendments for submission to the:

- Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure;

- Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure; and

- Federal Rules of Evidence.

Members of the Advisory Committees include judges, representatives from the Department of Justice, law professors, and practicing attorneys. The Advisory Committees propose rules, subject them to public comment, and then submit them to the Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure, which in turn submits them to the Judicial Conference, which recommends them to the Supreme Court for approval. Explanatory notes of the drafting Advisory Committee are published along with the final adopted rules, and are frequently used as an authority on the interpretation of the rules.

Other active policy areas concern the operation of CM/ECF, the Case Management/Electronic Case Files system, and PACER, the electronic public access service for United States federal court documents.

On occasion, the Conference has authorized investigations of federal judges accused of criminal malfeasance. Those deemed guilty have been referred to the House Judiciary Committee for impeachment. This has happened three times during the 21st century.

## Administrative Office of the United States Courts

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) is the administrative agency of the United States federal court system. The AO is the central support entity for the federal judicial branch. It provides a wide range of administrative, legal, financial, management, program, and information technology services to the federal courts. It was established in 1939.

The AO is directly supervised by the Judicial Conference, and implements and executes Judicial Conference policies, as well as applicable federal statutes and regulations. The AO facilitates communications within the judiciary and with Congress, the executive branch, and the public on behalf of the judiciary.

## Judicial councils

Judicial councils are panels of each federal judicial circuit that are charged with making "necessary and appropriate orders for the effective and expeditious administration of justice" within their circuits. Among their responsibilities is judicial discipline, the formulation of circuit policy, the implementation of policy directives received from the Judicial Conference, and the annual submission of a report to the Administrative Office on the number and nature of orders entered during the year that relate to judicial misconduct. Each judicial circuit consists of the chief judge of the circuit and an equal number of circuit judges and district judges of the circuit.

## Lists of members

### All members

The following list of Judicial Conference service is organized by the circuits and courts represented. It was compiled largely from the Reports of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference and is complete through the most recent meeting of the conference. The list contains the names of those judges who were members of the conference, but not those who may occasionally have attended in their absence. District Judges are identified by the district in which they served.

Supreme Court of the United States

- George H. Bingham, 1922–1938

- Scott Wilson, 1939

- Calvert Magruder, 1940–1959

- Peter Woodbury, 1959–1964

- Bailey Aldrich, 1965–1972

- Frank M. Coffin, 1972–1983

- Levin H. Campbell, 1983–1990

- Stephen G. Breyer, 1990–1994

- Juan R. Torruella, 1994–2001

- Michael Boudin, 2001–2008

- Sandra Lynch, 2008–2015

- Jeffrey R. Howard, 2015–2022

- David J. Barron, 2022–present

- George Clinton Sweeney (D. Mass.), 1958–1961

- Francis Ford (D. Mass.), 1961–1967

- Edward T. Gignoux (D. Me.), 1967–1973

- Andrew Caffrey (D. Mass.), 1973–1979

- Raymond J. Pettine (D.R.I.), 1979–1982

- W. Arthur Garrity Jr. (D. Mass.), 1982–1985

- Juan M. Perez-Gimenez (D.P.R.), 1985–1988

- Frank H. Freedman (D. Mass.), 1988–1991

- Francis J. Boyle (D.R.I.), 1991–1994

- Joseph L. Tauro (D. Mass.), 1995–1997

- Joseph A. DiClerico Jr. (D.N.H.), 1998–2000

- D. Brock Hornby (D. Me.), 2000–2003

- Hector M. Laffitte (D.P.R.), 2003–2006

- Ernest C. Torres (D.R.I.), 2007–2009

- Mary M. Lisi (D.R.I.), 2009

- Mark L. Wolf (D. Mass.), 2009–2012

- Paul Barbadoro (D.N.H.), 2012–2017

- Nancy Torresen (D. Me.), 2017–2021

- Gustavo Gelpí (D.P.R.), 2021

- Aida Delgado-Colón (D.P.R.), 2021–2023

- William E. Smith (D.R.I.), 2023–present

- Henry Wade Rogers, 1922–1925

- Charles Merrill Hough, 1926

- Martin T. Manton, 1926–1938

- Learned Hand, 1939–1951

- Thomas W. Swan, 1951–1953

- Harrie B. Chase, 1953–1954

- Charles E. Clark, 1954–1959

- J. Edward Lumbard, 1960–1971

- Henry J. Friendly, 1971–1973

- Irving R. Kaufman, 1973–1980

- Wilfred Feinberg, 1980–1988

- James L. Oakes, 1989–1992

- Thomas J. Meskill, 1992–1993

- Jon O. Newman, 1993–1997

- Ralph K. Winter Jr., 1997–2000

- John M. Walker Jr., 2000–2006

- Dennis G. Jacobs, 2006–2013

- Robert A. Katzmann, 2013–2020

- Debra Ann Livingston, 2020–present

- Edward Jordan Dimock (S.D.N.Y.), 1958–1959

- Sylvester J. Ryan (S.D.N.Y.), 1959–1968

- Sidney Sugarman (S.D.N.Y.), 1968–1971

- David N. Edelstein (S.D.N.Y.), 1971–1974

- Jacob Mishler (E.D.N.Y.), 1974–1977

- T. Emmet Clarie (D. Conn.), 1977–1980

- Lloyd F. MacMahon (S.D.N.Y.), 1980–1982

- Constance B. Motley (S.D.N.Y.), 1982–1983

- Jack B. Weinstein (E.D.N.Y.), 1983–1986

- John T. Curtin (W.D.N.Y.), 1986–1989

- Charles L. Brieant (S.D.N.Y.), 1989–1995

- Peter Dorsey (D. Conn.), 1996–1998

- Charles P. Sifton (E.D.N.Y)., 1998–2001

- Frederick Scullin (N.D.N.Y.), 2001–2004

- Michael B. Mukasey (S.D.N.Y.), 2005–2006

- Kimba M. Wood (S.D.N.Y.), 2006–2007

- William K. Sessions III (D. Vt.), 2007–2010

- Raymond J. Dearie (E.D.N.Y.), 2010–2011

- Carol Amon (E.D.N.Y.), 2011–2013

- William M. Skretny (W.D.N.Y.), 2013–2016

- Colleen McMahon (S.D.N.Y.), 2016–2020

- Stefan R. Underhill (D. Conn.), 2020–2023

- Margo Kitsy Brodie (E.D.N.Y.), 2023–present

- Joseph Buffington, 1922–1937

- John Warren Davis, 1938

- John Biggs Jr., 1939–1965

- Harry E. Kalodner, 1966

- Austin Staley, 1966–1967

- William H. Hastie, 1968–1971

- Collins J. Seitz, 1971–1984

- Ruggero J. Aldisert, 1984–1986

- John J. Gibbons, 1987–1989

- A. Leon Higginbotham, 1990

- Dolores Sloviter, 1991–1997

- Edward R. Becker, 1998–2003

- Anthony J. Scirica, 2003–2010

- Theodore A. McKee, 2010–2016

- D. Brooks Smith, 2016–2021

- Michael Chagares, 2021–present

- Phillip Forman (D.N.J.), 1957–1959

- James Cullen Ganey (E.D. Pa.), 1959–1961

- Thomas M. Madden (D.N.J.), 1961–1966

- Thomas James Clary (E.D. Pa.), 1966–1968

- Wallace S. Gourley (W.D. Pa.), 1968–1970

- Caleb M. Wright (D. Del.), 1970–1972

- Michael Henry Sheridan (M.D. Pa.), 1972–1975

- Lawrence A. Whipple (D.N.J.), 1975–1978

- Alfred Leopold Luongo (E.D. Pa.), 1978–1981

- Gerald J. Weber (W.D. Pa.), 1981–1984

- Walter K. Stapleton (D. Del.), 1984–1985

- Murray M. Schwartz (D. Del.), 1985–1987

- William J. Nealon (M.D. Pa.), 1987–1990

- John F. Gerry (D.N.J.), 1990–1994

- Edward N. Cahn (E.D. Pa.), 1994–1997

- Donald E. Ziegler (W.D. Pa.), 1998–2000

- Sue L. Robinson (D. Del.), 2000–2003

- Thomas I. Vanaskie (M.D. Pa.), 2003–2005

- Garrett E. Brown Jr. (D.N.J.), 2005–2008

- Harvey Bartle III (E.D. Pa.), 2008–2011

- Gary L. Lancaster (W.D. Pa.), 2011–2013

- Joy Flowers Conti (W.D. Pa.), 2013–2015

- Leonard P. Stark (D. Del.), 2015–2017

- Christopher C. Conner (M.D. Pa.), 2017–2021

- Freda L. Wolfson, (D.N.J.), 2021–2023

- Renée Marie Bumb, (D.N.J.), 2023

- Juan Ramon Sánchez, (E.D. Pa.), 2023–2024

- Mitchell S. Goldberg, (E.D. Pa.), 2024–present

- Charles Albert Woods, 1922–1924

- Edmund Waddill Jr., 1925–1930

- John Johnston Parker, 1931–1957

- Simon E. Sobeloff, 1958–1964

- Clement F. Haynsworth, 1964–1981

- Harrison L. Winter, 1981–1989

- Sam J. Ervin III, 1989–1995

- J. Harvie Wilkinson III, 1996–2003

- William W. Wilkins, 2003–2007

- Karen J. Williams, 2007–2009

- William B. Traxler Jr., 2009–2016

- Roger Gregory, 2016–2023

- Albert Diaz, 2023–present

- Roszel C. Thomsen (D. Md.), 1958–1964

- Walter E. Hoffman (E.D. Va.), 1964–1970

- Oren R. Lewis (E.D. Va.), 1970–1973

- Charles E. Simons (D.S.C.), 1973–1979

- Robert R. Merhige (E.D. Va.), 1980–1985

- Frank Kaufman (D. Md.), 1985–1991

- W. Earl Britt (E.D.N.C.), 1991–1997

- Charles H. Haden II (S.D. W. Va.), 1998–2002

- David C. Norton (D.S.C.), 2003–2007

- James P. Jones (W.D. Va.), 2007–2011

- Deborah K. Chasanow (D. Md.), 2011–2016

- Robert J. Conrad, (W.D.N.C.), 2016–2021

- John P. Bailey (N.D. W. Va.) 2021–present

- Richard Wilde Walker Jr., 1922–1929

- Nathan Philemon Bryan, 1930–1934

- Rufus Edward Foster, 1935–1941

- Samuel Hale Sibley, 1942–1947

- Joseph Chappell Hutcheson Jr., 1948–1959

- Richard Taylor Rives, 1959–1960

- Elbert Parr Tuttle, 1961–1967

- John R. Brown, 1967–1979

- James P. Coleman, 1980

- John Cooper Godbold, 1981

- Charles Clark, 1982–1991

- Henry A. Politz, 1992–1998

- Carolyn Dineen King, 1999–2006

- Edith Hollan Jones, 2006–2012

- Carl E. Stewart, 2012–2019

- Priscilla Richman, 2019–present

- Seybourn Harris Lynne (N.D. Ala.), 1958–1959

- Ben Clarkson Connally (S.D. Tex.), 1959–1962

- John Milton Bryan Simpson (M.D. Fla.), 1962–1965

- Herbert William Christenberry (E.D. La.), 1965–1968

- G. Harrold Carswell (N.D. Fla.), 1968–1969

- Joe Ewing Estes (N.D. Tex.), 1969–1971

- E. Gordon West (E.D. & M.D. La.), 1971–1974

- Alexander Lawrence (S.D. Ga.), 1974–1977

- William C. Keady (N.D. Miss.), 1977–1980

- John V. Singleton (S.D. Tex.), 1980–1983

- Adrian G. Duplantier (E.D. La.), 1983–1986

- Lyonel Thomas Senter Jr. (N.D. Miss.), 1986–1989

- Barefoot Sanders (N.D. Tex.), 1989–1992

- Morey L. Sear (E.D. La.), 1992–1995

- William H. Barbour Jr. (S.D. Miss.), 1996–1998

- Hayden Wilson Head Jr. (S.D. Tex.), 1999–2001

- Martin L. C. Feldman (E.D. La.), 2001–2004

- Glen H. Davidson (N.D. Miss.), 2005–2007

- Sim Lake III (S.D. Tex.), 2007–2010

- Sarah S. Vance (E.D. La.), 2010–2013

- Louis Guirola Jr. (S.D. Miss.), 2013–2016

- Lee H. Rosenthal (S.D. Tex.), 2016–2020

- S. Maurice Hicks Jr. (W.D. La.), 2020–2023

- Debra M. Brown (N.D. Miss.), 2023–present

- Loyal Edwin Knappen, 1922–1923

- Arthur C. Denison, 1924–1931

- Charles H. Moorman, 1932–1937

- Xenophon Hicks, 1938–1951

- Charles Casper Simons, 1952–1958

- Florence E. Allen, 1958

- John Donelson Martin, Sr., 1959

- Thomas Francis McAllister, 1959–1960

- Shackelford Miller Jr., 1961–1962

- Lester LeFevre Cecil, 1962–1963

- Paul C. Weick, 1964–1969

- Harry P. Phillips, 1969–1978

- George Clifton Edwards Jr., 1979–1983

- Pierce Lively, 1984–1988

- Albert J. Engel, 1988–1989

- Gilbert S. Merritt, 1990–1996

- Boyce F. Martin Jr., 1997–2003

- Danny J. Boggs, 2003–2009

- Alice M. Batchelder, 2009–2014

- R. Guy Cole Jr., 2014–2021

- Jeffrey Sutton, 2021–present

- Paul J. Jones (N.D. Ohio), 1958–1960

- Marion Speed Boyd (W.D. Tenn.), 1960–1963

- Ralph McKenzie Freeman (E.D. Mich.), 1963–1966

- Mac Swinford (E.D. & W.D. Ky.), 1966–1969

- Carl A. Weinman (S.D. Ohio), 1969–1972

- Robert Love Taylor (judge) (E.D. Tenn.), 1972–1975

- Damon J. Keith (E.D. Mich.), 1975–1978

- Charles M. Allen (W.D. Ky.), 1978–1981

- Frank J. Battisti (N.D. Ohio), 1981–1984

- Robert Malcolm McRae Jr. (W.D. Tenn.), 1984–1987

- Philip Pratt (E.D. Mich.), 1987–1989

- James P. Churchill (E.D. Mich.), 1989–1990

- Eugene Siler (E.D. & W.D. Ky.), 1990–1991

- Edward Johnstone (W.D. Ky.), 1991–1993

- Thomas Lambros (N.D. Ohio), 1993–1994

- John D. Holschuh (S.D. Ohio), 1995

- S. Arthur Spiegel (S.D. Ohio), 1995–1996

- Thomas A. Wiseman Jr. (M.D. Tenn.), 1997–2001

- Lawrence P. Zatkoff (E.D. Mich.), 2001–2004

- William Bertelsman (E.D. Ky.), 2005–2006

- Charles R. Simpson III (W.D. Ky.), 2006–2007

- Thomas M. Rose (S.D. Ohio), 2007–2009

- Solomon Oliver Jr. (N.D. Ohio), 2009–2010

- Thomas A. Varlan (E.D. Tenn.), 2010–2013

- Paul Lewis Maloney (W.D. Mich.), 2013–2016

- Joseph Martin Hood (E.D. Ky.), 2016–2019

- Thomas B. Russell (W.D. Ky.), 2019–2020

- Michael H. Watson (S.D. Ohio), 2020–2021

- Sara Elizabeth Lioi (N.D. Ohio), 2021–2023

- S. Thomas Anderson (W.D. Tenn.), 2023–present

- Francis E. Baker, 1922–1923

- Samuel Alschuler, 1924–1934

- Evan A. Evans, 1935–1947

- William Morris Sparks, 1948

- James Earl Major, 1949–1954

- Francis Ryan Duffy, 1954–1959

- John S. Hastings, 1959–1968

- Latham Castle, 1968–1969

- Luther M. Swygert, 1970–1974

- Thomas E. Fairchild, 1975–1981

- Walter J. Cummings, 1981–1986

- William J. Bauer, 1987–1993

- Richard A. Posner, 1994–2000

- Joel M. Flaum, 2000–2006

- Frank H. Easterbrook, 2006–2013

- Diane Pamela Wood, 2013–2020

- Diane S. Sykes, 2020–present

- William Joseph Campbell (N.D. Ill.), 1958–1961

- Luther M. Swygert (N.D. Ind.), 1961

- William E. Steckler (S.D. Ind.), 1962–1964

- Kenneth P. Grubb (E.D. Wis), 1964–1965

- Edwin A. Robson (N.D. Ill.), 1966–1969

- Robert A. Grant (N.D. Ind.), 1969–1972

- James Edward Doyle (W.D. Wis.), 1972–1975

- James B. Parsons (N.D. Ill.), 1975–1978

- S. Hugh Dillin (S.D. Ind.), 1979–1982

- John W. Reynolds (E.D. Wis.), 1982–1985

- Frank J. McGarr (N.D. Ill.), 1985–1987

- Sarah Evans Barker (S.D. Ind.), 1988–1991

- Barbara Crabb (W.D. Wis.), 1991–1994

- Michael M. Mihm (C.D. Ill.), 1995–1997

- Robert Lowell Miller Jr. (N.D. Ind.), 1998–2000

- Marvin Aspen (N.D. Ill.), 2000–2003

- J.P. Stadtmueller (E.D. Wis.), 2003–2006

- Wayne Andersen (N.D. Ill.), 2006–2009

- Richard L. Young (S.D. Ind.), 2009–2012

- Rubén Castillo (N.D. Ill.), 2012–2016

- Michael Joseph Reagan (S.D. Ill.), 2016–2019

- Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (N.D. Ill.), 2019–2021

- Jon DeGuilio (N.D. Ind.), 2021–present

- Walter Henry Sanborn, 1922–1926

- Kimbrough Stone, 1927–1947

- Archibald K. Gardner, 1947–1959

- Harvey M. Johnsen, 1959–1965

- Charles Joseph Vogel, 1965–1967

- Martin D. Van Oosterhout, 1968–1970

- Marion C. Matthes, 1970–1973

- Pat Mehaffy, 1973–1974

- Floyd R. Gibson, 1974–1979

- Donald P. Lay, 1980–1991

- Richard Arnold, 1992–1998

- Pasco M. Bowman II, 1998–1999

- Roger L. Wollman, 1999–2002

- David R. Hansen, 2002–2003

- James B. Loken, 2003–2010

- William J. Riley, 2010–2017

- Lavenski Smith, 2017–2024

- Steven Colloton, 2024–present

- Gunnar Hans Nordbye (D. Minn.), 1958–1962

- John Elvis Miller (W.D. Ark.), 1962–1963

- Richard M. Duncan (E.D. & W.D. Mo.), 1963–1965

- Roy W. Harper (E.D. & W.D. Mo.), 1965–1971

- Oren Harris (E.D. & W.D. Ark.), 1971–1974

- James H. Meredith (E.D. Mo.), 1974–1979

- Albert G. Schatz (D. Neb.), 1979–1985

- John F. Nangle (E.D. Mo.), 1985–1990

- Donald E. O'Brien (N.D. & S.D. Iowa), 1991–1997

- James M. Rosenbaum (D. Minn.), 1998–2005

- Lawrence L. Piersol (D.S.D.), 2006–2009

- Rodney W. Sippel (E.D. Mo.), 2009–2015

- Karen E. Schreier (D.S.D.), 2015–2016

- Linda R. Reade (N.D. Iowa), 2016–2021

- John R. Tunheim (D. Minn.), 2021–present

- William Ball Gilbert, 1922–1930

- Curtis Dwight Wilbur, 1931–1944

- Francis Arthur Garrecht, 1945–1947

- William Denman, 1948–1957

- Albert Lee Stephens, 1957–1958

- Walter Lyndon Pope, 1959

- Richard H. Chambers, 1959–1976

- James R. Browning, 1976–1988

- Alfred T. Goodwin, 1988–1990

- J. Clifford Wallace, 1991–1995

- Procter Ralph Hug Jr., 1996–2000

- Mary M. Schroeder, 2001–2007

- Alex Kozinski, 2007–2014

- Sidney R. Thomas, 2014–2021

- Mary H. Murguia, 2021–present

- William C. Mathes (S.D. Cal.), 1958–1960

- William J. Lindberg (E.D. & W.D. Wash.), 1960–1963

- Gus J. Solomon (D. Ore.), 1963–1965

- Albert Wollenberg (N.D. Cal.), 1966–1969

- Fred M. Taylor (D. Idaho), 1969–1972

- Jesse W. Curtis (C.D. Cal.), 1972–1975

- Thomas J. MacBride (E.D. Cal.), 1975–1978

- Morell Sharp (W.D. Wash.), 1978–1980

- Raymond Clyne McNichols (D. Idaho), 1980–1981

- Manuel L. Real (C.D. Cal.), 1981–1984

- Robert J. McNichols (E.D. Wash.), 1984–1987

- Robert F. Peckham (N.D. Cal.), 1987–1990

- William D. Browning (D. Ariz.), 1990–1993

- William Matthew Byrne Jr. (C.D. Cal.), 1993–1996

- Lloyd D. George (D. Nev.), 1997–1999

- Judith N. Keep (S.D. Cal.), 1999–2003

- David Alan Ezra (D. Haw.), 2003–2005

- Charles R. Breyer (N.D. Cal.), 2006–2010

- Robert S. Lasnik (W.D. Wash.), 2010–2016

- Claudia Ann Wilken (N.D. Cal.), 2016–2019

- Rosanna M. Peterson (E.D. Wash), 2019–2021

- Leslie E. Kobayashi (D. Haw), 2021–present

- Robert E. Lewis, 1929–1940

- Orie Leon Phillips, 1940–1955

- Sam Gilbert Bratton, 1956–1959

- Alfred P. Murrah, 1959–1970

- David T. Lewis, 1970–1977

- Oliver Seth, 1978–1984

- William Judson Holloway Jr., 1984–1991

- Monroe McKay, 1991–1993

- Stephanie K. Seymour, 1994–2000

- Deanell R. Tacha, 2001–2007

- Robert H. Henry, 2008–2010

- Mary Beck Briscoe, 2010–2015

- Timothy Tymkovich, 2015–2022

- Jerome Holmes, 2022–present

- Eugene Rice (E.D. Okla.), 1958

- Royce H. Savage (N.D. Okla.), 1958–1961

- Ewing Thomas Kerr (D. Wyo.), 1962–1964

- Alfred A. Arraj (D. Colo.), 1964–1967

- Arthur Jehu Stanley Jr. (D. Kan.), 1967–1970

- Olin Hatfield Chilson (D. Colo.), 1970–1973

- Frederick A. Daugherty (E.D., N.D., & W.D. Okla.), 1973–1976

- Wesley E. Brown (D. Kan.), 1976–1979

- Howard C. Bratton (D.N.M.), 1979–1982

- Luther B. Eubanks (W.D. Okla.), 1982–1985

- Sherman G. Finesilver (D. Colo.), 1985–1988

- Earl E. O'Connor (D. Kan.), 1988–1991

- Richard P. Matsch (D. Colo.), 1991–1994

- Clarence A. Brimmer (D. Wyo.), 1994–1997

- Ralph G. Thompson (W.D. Okla.), 1998–2000

- Frank Howell Seay (E.D. Okla.), 2000–2003

- David L. Russell (W.D. Okla.), 2003–2006

- Alan B. Johnson (D. Wyo.), 2006–2009

- Robin J. Cauthron (W.D. Okla.), 2009–2012

- Dee Benson (D. Utah), 2012–2016

- Martha Vázquez (D.N.M.), 2016–2019

- Claire Eagan (N.D. Okla.), 2019–2023

- William P. Johnson (D.N.M.), 2023–present

- John C. Godbold, 1982–1986

- Paul H. Roney, 1986–1989

- Gerald B. Tjoflat, 1990–1996

- Joseph W. Hatchett, 1997–1999

- R. Lanier Anderson III, 1999–2002

- J. L. Edmondson, 2002–2009

- Joel F. Dubina, 2009–2013

- Ed Carnes, 2013–2020

- William H. Pryor Jr., 2020–present

- William Clark O'Kelley (N.D. Ga.), 1982–1984

- James Lawrence King (S.D. Fla.), 1984–1987

- Sam C. Pointer (N.D. Ala.), 1987–1990

- Anthony Alaimo (S.D. Ga.), 1990–1993

- William Terrell Hodges (M.D. Fla.), 1994–1999

- Charles Randolph Butler Jr. (S.D. Ala.), 1999–2003

- J. Owen Forrester (N.D. Ga.), 2003–2005

- Robert L. Hinkle (N.D. Fla.), 2006–2007

- Myron H. Thompson (M.D. Ala.), 2007–2011

- W. Louis Sands (M.D. Ga.), 2011–2015

- Federico A. Moreno (S.D. Fla.), 2015–2020

- L. Scott Coogler (N.D. Ala.), 2020–present

- Duncan Lawrence Groner, 1938–1947

- Harold Montelle Stephens, 1948–1955

- Henry White Edgerton, 1955–1958

- E. Barrett Prettyman, 1959–1960

- Wilbur Kingsbury Miller, 1961–1962

- David L. Bazelon, 1963–1977

- J. Skelly Wright, 1978–1980

- Carl McGowan, 1981

- Spottswood W. Robinson III, 1981–1986

- Patricia M. Wald, 1986–1990

- Abner Mikva, 1991–1994

- Harry T. Edwards, 1994–2001

- Douglas H. Ginsburg, 2001–2008

- David B. Sentelle, 2008–2013

- Merrick B. Garland, 2013–2020

- Sri Srinivasan, 2020–present

- Bolitha Laws (D.D.C.), 1958

- David Andrew Pine (D.D.C.), 1959–1961

- Matthew F. McGuire (D.D.C.), 1961–1967

- Edward M. Curran (D.D.C.), 1968–1971

- John J. Sirica (D.D.C.), 1971–1974

- George L. Hart (D.D.C.), 1974–1975

- William Blakely Jones (D.D.C.), 1975–1977

- William B. Bryant (D.D.C.), 1977–1981

- John Lewis Smith (D.D.C.), 1981–1982

- Aubrey E. Robinson Jr. (D.D.C.), 1982–1992

- John Garrett Penn (D.D.C.), 1992–1997

- Norma Holloway Johnson (D.D.C.), 1997–2001

- Thomas F. Hogan (D.D.C.), 2001–2008

- Royce C. Lamberth (D.D.C.), 2008–2013

- Richard W. Roberts (D.D.C.), 2013–2016

- Beryl A. Howell (D.D.C.), 2016–2023

- James Boasberg (D.D.C.), 2023–present

- Howard T. Markey, 1983–1990

- Helen W. Nies, 1990–1994

- Glenn L. Archer Jr., 1994–1997

- Haldane Robert Mayer, 1998–2004

- Paul R. Michel, 2004–2010

- Randall R. Rader, 2010–2014

- Sharon Prost, 2014–2021

- Kimberly A. Moore, 2021–present

(prior to merger of the appellate division into the Federal Circuit)

- Marvin Jones, 1956–1964

- Wilson Cowen, 1964–1976

- Oscar H. Davis, 1977–1978

- Daniel M. Friedman, 1978–1982

(prior to merger into the Federal Circuit)

- Eugene Worley, 1961–1972

- Howard T. Markey, 1972–1982

- Edward D. Re, 1990–1991

- Gregory Carman, 1991

- Dominick L. DiCarlo, 1992–1996

- Gregory W. Carman, 1997–2003

- Jane A. Restani, 2003–2010

- Donald C. Pogue, 2010–2014

- Timothy C. Stanceu, 2014–2021

- Mark A. Barnett, 2021–present


IndyCar Series on NBC

# IndyCar Series on NBC

## Abstract

IndyCar Series on NBC was the blanket title used for telecasts of IndyCar Series racing produced by NBC Sports.

NBC Sports' most recent involvement with the IndyCar Series dates back to the 2009 season, when Comcast -owned sports network Versus acquired the cable rights to the IndyCar Series under a 10-year deal. Versus was merged into the NBC Sports division and renamed NBC Sports Network (NBCSN) in 2012 after Comcast acquired a controlling stake in NBC Universal.

In 2019, NBC Sports reached a three-year extension to its contract, which also saw NBC acquire the broadcast television rights to the IndyCar Series (replacing ABC). As a result, NBC gained the broadcast rights to the IndyCar Series' flagship event, the Indianapolis 500.

## Overview

### Background

#### Early years

When the CART Series was created in 1979, NBC broadcast the races as part of the sports anthology series Sportsworld. NBC soon became the exclusive broadcast partner of CART – although the series' most prestigious race, the Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, and had a contract with ABC Sports. NBC carried races from 1979 to 1990, with the Michigan 500, Pocono 500, and Meadowlands their top events. Additionally, NBC televised a close father-son championship duel at Tamiami Park in 1985 between Al Unser and Al Unser Jr., with Big Al defeating Little Al by a single point.

Paul Page was the chief announcer, with Bobby Unser a frequent analyst before both made separate moves to ABC Sports in 1987.

#### Downturn

In the mid-1980s, CART began airing races on ABC and ESPN. The number of races NBC covered each season began to dwindle during the late portion of the decade. In addition, the broadcasts on NBC were more often tape-delayed and edited, while those on ABC and ESPN were usually live and "flag-to-flag". As the sport was growing in popularity, the organization naturally preferred the more desirable live telecasts.

By 1990, NBC carried only one race each year in July, the Meadowlands Grand Prix. After a three-year hiatus, the final season that NBC had aired a CART race was in 1994, with its coverage of the Toronto race. Jim Lampley (who called the Indy 500 on ABC in 1986-1987) was the anchor for the 1994 telecast.

NBC went away from auto racing after 1994, and did not air another major race until the NASCAR Pennzoil 400 in late 1999.

#### Champ Car

In the early 2000s, NBC covered occasional American Le Mans Series races and secured a multi-year TV contract with NASCAR, but in 2005, NBC agreed to cover the Champ Car World Series (formerly CART) in Long Beach and Montreal, using Champ Car's new in-house broadcasting team of (at the time) Rick Benjamin, Derek Daly, Jon Beekhuis and Calvin Fish. These races were renewed in 2006, with the addition of San Jose. In 2007, NBC used Bill Weber and Wally Dallenbach Jr., both of whom still were contracted to the network despite NBC dropping their rights to NASCAR following the 2006 season, alongside permanent Champ Car driver analyst Jon Beekhuis, and added their own Marty Snider to the CCWS pitlane team of Michelle Beisner, Cameron Steele and Bill Stephens. With ESPN once again covering the bulk of the calendar, NBC only covered the first two races of the season, in Las Vegas and Long Beach.

#### Versus/NBCSN

On August 7, 2008, Versus announced a ten-year deal to broadcast at least 13 IndyCar Series events per-season, beginning with the 2009 season. ABC would continue to broadcast the Indianapolis 500, as well as four additional races. Through the deal, Versus began airing one-hour pre-race shows the day before a given race. The channel's parent company Comcast would acquire NBC Universal in 2011, and Versus was re-branded as NBC Sports Network (NBCSN) in 2012.

#### Expansion to NBC

On March 21, 2018, NBC Sports announced that it had agreed to a new, three-year extension of its contract beginning in the 2019 season, and also acquired the broadcast television rights to replace ABC. As before, NBCSN would continue airing the vast majority of the races, but eight races per-season would be televised by the main NBC network (an expansion over the previous ABC deal, where only five races were shown on broadcast television). The broadcast television package includes the Indianapolis 500, marking the race's move from ABC after 54 consecutive years. NBC Sports Gold also offered a subscription service with IndyCar-related content not broadcast on television. The content was later moved to NBCUniversal's streaming service Peacock Premium in 2021.

In July 2021, IndyCar announced a three-year extension of its contract with NBC Sports beginning in 2022; with NBCSN shutting down at the end of 2021, the broadcast television package would expand to at least 13 races per-season, and cable coverage would move to USA Network. Up to two races per-season would be exclusive to Peacock. The 2022 season would feature 14 races on NBC, and one race was carried exclusively by Peacock.

On June 13, 2024 IndyCar announced that the series will be moving to Fox Sports after six seasons on NBC.

##### Indianapolis 500 coverage

NBC televised the 2019 race in the United States, having assumed the broadcast rights as part of a new, three-year deal to televise the entire IndyCar Series, replacing ABC for the first time since 1965 (NBCSN held cable rights over the previous contract, but selected races, including the Indianapolis 500, were part of a separate package sold to ABC). The race was called by NBC's commentary team of Leigh Diffey, Townsend Bell, and Paul Tracy. Mike Tirico served as on-air host for pre-race coverage, joined by Danica Patrick and Dale Earnhardt Jr. as analysts. Dillon Welch, whose father was a former ESPN pit reporter for the Indianapolis 500, was also a reporter.

Portions of pre-race activities were exclusive to NBC Sports Gold 's IndyCar Pass subscription, including most practice sessions and all of the first day of qualifying with the final hour simulcast by NBCSN along with the entirety of Carb Day also simulcast. Bump and Pole Day were exclusive to NBCSN; while NBC had a scheduled window, the session was delayed due to rain, and NBC had commitments to air an NHL playoff game. The season-long broadcast team of Jake Query, Anders Krohn, and Katie Hargitt covered the Indy Lights Freedom 100. NBCSN broadcast a two-hour pre-race show and a one-hour post-race show on race day.

The 2019 Indianapolis 500 saw an average of 5.4 million viewers, and a 3.9 overnight rating—a 15% increase over the 2018 edition (which was the least-viewed 500 since the introduction of live flag-to-flag coverage).

The 2020 race was televised on NBC in the United States; also, for the first time since 2016, the race was not blacked out in the Indianapolis area, airing live on WTHR (channel 13), as ticket sales ended four weeks prior to the race, and under regulations of the Speedway and Marion County Public Health Department's orders regarding capacity limits for events, announced two weeks before tickets were revoked under Marion County orders. On the original date of the race, NBC aired an encore of the 2019 edition of the race, Back Home Again, with Mike Tirico joined by Simon Pagenaud and Alexander Rossi (645,000 viewers)

On August 23, the live coverage on NBC was scheduled to begin at 1 p.m. eastern, following live coverage of The AIG Open Championship. The start of the race was moved from 12:45 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. During coverage of practice, time trials, and race day, driver analyst Paul Tracy moved out of the Pagoda and reported from the Turn Two Suites. This mimicked the position Bobby Unser utilized from 1993 to 1997. Tracy's position offered unique perspective, as well as promoted social distancing among the reporters.

Absent from the crew was Dale Earnhardt Jr., who drove the pace car and served as analyst in 2019. Earnhardt was instead covering the NASCAR Drydene Twin 500km that aired on NBCSN. Also absent was Robin Miller, who relinquished on-air duties due to battling bone cancer. Miller did contribute to the broadcasts, providing narration to pre-taped features during practice and time trials.

The Nielsen rating of 2.26 (3.699 million viewers) was an all-time low for the event.

The 2021 race was televised on NBC in the United States. The coverage began at 11:00 a.m. EDT. On May 28, it was announced that the race was not blacked out in the Indianapolis area for the fifth time in race history, airing live on WTHR (Channel 13), as all tickets had been sold out and reached 40 percent of venue capacity. This event hosted 135,000 fans on the circuit.

Mike Tirico and Danica Patrick returned for pre and post-race coverage, as they had done the previous two years. Patrick also drove the pace car during pre-race festivities. Jac Collinsworth made his Indy 500 debut as the Prerace Host on NBCSN. Dale Earnhardt Jr. returned for pre-race coverage after being absent for the 2020 event as a result of rescheduling (Earnhardt and Letarte were covering the Drydene Twin 500km at Dover International Speedway on the rescheduled weekend).

On May 4, Jimmie Johnson was announced as part of the broadcast team as part of the " Peacock Pit Box" crew alongside Steve Letarte.

The 2021 race was the final "500" for Robin Miller, who had covered the event for roughly fifty years at The Indianapolis Star, Racer, and on television through ESPN, Speed, and NBC. Miller died of leukemia on August 25, 2021.

The 2022 race was televised on NBC and Peacock Premium in the United States. The terrestrial television broadcast was subject to blackout in Central Indiana. The streaming broadcast on Peacock was not subject to blackout, as the platform does not currently have the ability to enforce such restrictions at a local level. NBC received special consent from IMS to stream the race within the blackout region for 2022 only, under the presumption that the required capabilities would be implemented prior to the 2023 race. This was only the sixth time in race history that the race was available to be seen live in the Central Indiana market.

Former driver James Hinchcliffe joined the NBC broadcast team for 2022 as a color commentator, replacing Paul Tracy, who had been in the role for the previous three years for the race.

On May 4, NBC announced their full crew for the race broadcast. Mike Tirico and Danica Patrick returned as the hosts for pre-race and post-race coverage, while Dale Earnhardt Jr. and Rutledge Wood returned for pre-race coverage. Tirico, Patrick, and Earnhardt were also announced as part of the "Peacock Pit Box" crew for mid-race coverage. Dillon Welch joined the crew as a pit reporter, replacing Kelli Stavast, who had been part of NBC's coverage since 2019.

The 2023 race was televised on NBC and Peacock Premium in the United States. Mike Tirico and Danica Patrick returned for pre-race and post-race coverage, as they had together since 2019. Leigh Diffey, Townsend Bell, and James Hinchcliffe were the booth announcers for the race. Two additional hours of pre-race coverage on race day was carried exclusively on Peacock.

On May 8, 2023, it was confirmed that, in line with longstanding policy that had been suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic, the live broadcast would be blacked-out in the Indianapolis area on both local television and Peacock, marking the first Indy 500 local blackout since the 2019 Indianapolis 500.

#### Loss of IndyCar rights

On June 13, 2024, it was announced that IndyCar agreed to a new media rights deal with Fox Sports starting in 2025, putting an end to IndyCar's relationship with NBC Sports.

NBC broadcasted their final IndyCar event on September 15, 2024, at Nashville Superspeedway.

## Commentators

Bob Jenkins (who was signed as the chief announcer, and returned to IndyCar Racing full-time for the first time since 2001), Jon Beekhuis and Robbie Buhl were initially on the network's broadcast team, along with Jack Arute, Robbie Floyd and Lindy Thackston as pit reporters.

In August 2009, Indianapolis Star reporter Curt Cavin said that Arute would be leaving ESPN at the end of 2009 and join Versus full-time. He was fired from the network due to cost-cutting moves instituted by the network's new Comcast ownership following its merger with NBCUniversal. He was replaced by Kevin Lee, who is also a pit reporter for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Network. Wally Dallenbach Jr. joined the Versus broadcast team following the merger, replacing Robbie Buhl.

Mike Tirico, Danica Patrick, and Dale Earnhardt Jr. have augmented NBC's broadcast team for the Indianapolis 500.

### English-language commentators

#### Lap-by-lap anchors

- Leigh Diffey (2013–2024)

- Kevin Lee – reserve broadcaster (2015–2024) (fill-in)

- Omar Amador – lead Spanish-language broadcaster

#### Color commentators

- Townsend Bell (2013–2024)

- James Hinchcliffe (2020, 2022–2024)

#### Pit reporters

- Kevin Lee (2011–2024)

- Dillon Welch (2019–2024)

- Dave Burns (2020–2024)

- Marty Snider (2011–2024)

- Nate Ryan (2022–2024)

- Georgia Henneberry (2023–2024)

- Charlie Kimball (2024)

#### Host of IndyCar Live

- Mike Tirico (2019–2024) (NBC Host)

- Leigh Diffey

- Kevin Lee

#### Pre-Race Analysts/Presenters

- Danica Patrick (2019–2024)

### Spanish-language commentators

- Lap-by-lap anchor: Sergio Rodríguez

- Color commentator: Jaime Macias

- Pitlane reporter: Ariana Figuera

- Studio host: Verónica Rodríguez

### Former commentators

#### Lap-by-lap

- Rick Allen

- Rick Benjamin

- Don Criqui

- Bob Jenkins

- Charlie Jones

- Jim Lampley

- Paul Page

- Brian Till

- Bob Varsha

- Bill Weber

#### Driver analysts

- Jon Beekhuis

- Robbie Buhl (Versus only)

- Wally Dallenbach Jr.

- Derek Daly

- David Hobbs

- Sam Hornish Jr.

- Tommy Kendall

- Steve Matchett

- Tim Richmond

- Johnny Rutherford

- Jackie Stewart

- Bobby Unser

- Dan Wheldon (Versus only)

- A. J. Allmendinger (2019)

- Paul Tracy

#### Pit reporters

- Jack Arute (Versus only)

- Michelle Beisner

- Calvin Fish

- Robbie Floyd (Versus only)

- Gary Gerould

- Brian Hammons

- Bruce Jenner

- Anders Krohn

- Sally Larvick

- Cameron Steele

- Bill Stephens

- Lindy Thackston (Versus only)

- Hélio Castroneves

- Robin Miller

- Jon Beekhuis

#### Pre-Race Analysts/Presenters

- Dale Earnhardt Jr.

- Rutledge Wood

- Dale Jarrett


Bnei Herzliya Basket

# Bnei Herzliya Basket

## Abstract

{{Infobox basketball club| color1 = white| color2 = #00008b| name = Bnei Herzliya| nickname = | logo =| leagues = Israeli Basketball Premier League | founded = 1985| arena = Hayovel Arena| capacity = 1,750 It has won the Israeli State Cup twice, most recently in 2022. The team was founded in 1985, and the team's colors are blue and white.

## History

The club was originally founded in 1985, under the name Hapoel Herzliya. In 2002, the club merged with Maccabi Ra'anana in a neighboring town, and was re-named Bnei HaSharon. The merger was entered into because of Maccabi Ra'anana's financial problems and Bnei HaSharon's relegation from the top-level Israeli Basketball Premier League, following the 2001–02 season.

At the end of 2010–11 season, the merger ended, and the team started playing only for the Israeli city of Herzliya. In 2012, the club was re-named Bnei Herzliya. In 2022, the club won the Israeli State Cup for the second time, beating Hapoel Tel Aviv 87:82 in the final.

## Titles and honors

### Domestic competitions

- Israeli State Cup

- National League (2nd)

## Players

## Notable players

- Paul Thompson 3 seasons: '92–'95

- Earl Williams 1 season: '93–'94

- John Hudson 3 seasons: '93–'96

- Steve Malovic 1 season: '95–'96

- David Thirdkill 1 season: '95–'96

- Lior Arditi 3 seasons: '95–'98

- Amir Muchtari 3 seasons: '95–'98

- Terence Stansbury 1 season: '96–'97

- Todd Mitchell 1 season: '96–'97

- Darnell Robinson 1 season: '97–'98

- Tal Burstein 3 seasons: '97–'00

- Terrence Rencher 3 seasons: '97–'99, '05–'06

- Augenijus Vaškys 1 season: '98–'99

- Petar Arsić 1 season: '98–'99

- Mark Dean 1 season: '98–'99

- Yaniv Green 3 seasons: '98–'00, '01–'02

- Norris Coleman 1 season: '99

- Greg Sutton 1 season: '99–'00

- Ufuk Sarıca 1 season: '01

- Tyson Wheeler 1 season: '01–'02

- Bryan Bracey 1 season: '01–'02

- Kenny Williams 1 season: '01–'02

- Andrew Kennedy 1 season: '01–'02

- Jarod Stevenson 3 seasons: '01, '02–'04

- Guy Pnini 4 seasons: '02–'06

- Meir Tapiro 3 seasons: '03–'04, '07–'09

- Alvin Young 1 season: '04–'05

- Nitzan Hanochi 5 seasons: '05–'08, '18–present

- Ugonna Onyekwe 3 seasons: '05–'06, '08–'10

- Ousmane Cisse 4 seasons: '05–'09

- Cookie Belcher 5 seasons: '05–'10

- Lee Nailon 2 seasons: '06–'07, '10–'11

- Jason Williams 3 seasons: '06–'08, '11–'12

- Erez Katz 6 seasons: '06–'12

- Shawn James 3 season: '08–'11

- Ira Newble 1 season: '09

- Isaac Rosefelt 4 seasons: '09–'13

- P. J. Tucker 1 season: '10

- Maceo Baston 1 season: '10–'11

- Dan Grunfeld 2 seasons: '10–'11, '13–'14

- Bryant Dunston 1 season: '11

- Ekpe Udoh 1 season: '11

- Tweety Carter 1 season: '11–'12

- Derrick Caracter 1 season: '12–'13

- Jumaine Jones 1 season: '12–'13

- Romel Beck 1 season: '12–'13

- Michael Umeh 1 season: '13–'14

- Oz Blayzer 2 seasons: '13–'15

- Josh Selby 1 season: '14–'15

- Julian Wright 1 season: '15

- Drew Crawford 1 season: '15–'16

- Karam Mashour 3 seasons: '15–'17, '18–'19

- Tom Maayan 3 seasons: '15–'18

- Taurean Green 2 seasons: '16–'18

- Jeff Adrien 3 seasons: '16–'19

- Orr Leumi 4 seasons: '16–20

- D'or Fischer


François Pitot (figure skater)

# François Pitot (figure skater)

## Abstract

François Pitot (born 4 January 2005) is a French figure skater. He is a two-time French national bronze medalist.

At the junior level, Pitot is the 2024 French junior national champion, 2023 JGP Japan champion, the 2023 JGP Thailand silver medalist, and the 2021 JGP France I bronze medalist.

## Personal life

Pitot was born on 4 January 2005 in Orléans, France.

His figure skating idol is Nathan Chen.

## Career

### Early years

Pitot began learning how to skate in 2012 at age seven. He initially pursued football as a child, but decided to try skating as his brother and sister were already involved in the sport and quickly came to enjoy it.

As a child, Didier Lucine, Claudine Lucine, Katia Gentelet, and Cédric Tour were his coaches.

He won the 2019 French Novice Championships and finished twelfth at the Junior Championships that same year.

### 2019–20 season

Coached by Brian Joubert and Cornelia Paquier, Pitot made his junior international debut at the 2019 JGP France, finishing twelfth. He went on to place fourth at the 2019 Master's de Patinage as well as win gold in the junior division of the 2019 Tallinn Trophy.

Debuting on the senior level at the 2020 French Championships, Pitot finished eighth.

Elected to represent France at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, Pitot finished thirteenth.

Pitot ended his season by competing on the novice level at the 2020 French Novice Championships, winning gold for a second consecutive time.

### 2020–21 season

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Pitot only competed domestically during the 2020–21 season. He won gold on the junior level at the 2020 Master's de Patinage and finished fifth at the 2021 French Senior Championships.

## Competitive highlights

- GP – Event of the ISU Grand Prix Series

- JGP – Event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix Series

- CS – Event of the ISU Challenger Series

## Detailed results

- Small medals for the short program and free skating are only awarded at ISU Championships.


Aleksandar Gojković

# Aleksandar Gojković

## Abstract

Aleksandar Gojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Гојковић; born August 18, 1988) is a Serbian professional footballer who last played for Sloga Kraljevo, whom he rejoined from Greek club AEL.

## Career

Born in Kraljevo, Gojković made his first football steps with one of the most famous local football schools, Bubamara 1991. Later he moved to Sloga Kraljevo, where he gained fully affirmation, and was captaining the team for some period. During the time he spent with Sloboda Užice, coach Ljubiša Stamenković called him into "Selekcija novinara", football squad made by players from the Serbian SuperLiga competition, for the rival match against Serbia national football team.

## Career statistics

## Honours

- Serbian League West (1): 2010–11


Matt Lauer

# Matt Lauer

## Abstract

Matthew Todd Lauer (/ l aʊər /; born December 30, 1957) is an American former television news personality, best known for his work with WWOR on 9 Broadcast Plaza (the show that would become The Richard Bey Show) and Cinemax in the with Beyond the Screen, which promoted many big name movies coming out in the late 80s to early 90s, and NBC News. After serving as a local news personality in New York City on WNBC, his first national exposure was as the news anchor for The Today Show from 1994 to 1997. In 1997, Lauer was moved from the news desk to the host's chair, and served as the co-host of NBC 's Today show from 1997 to 2017. He was also a frequent contributor for the evening news magazine Dateline NBC. With NBC, Lauer hosted the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and co-hosted the opening ceremonies of several Olympic Games.

In November 2017, Lauer's contract was terminated by NBC after NBC reported receiving "a detailed complaint from a colleague about inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace" and added that NBC had "reason to believe this may not have been an isolated incident."

## Early life

Lauer was born in New York City, the son of Marilyn Lauer, a boutique owner, and Jay Robert Lauer, a bicycle-company executive.

Lauer's father was of Romanian Jewish ancestry, as seen on the Today Show ' s Finding Our Roots. Lauer said, "My dad was Jewish. My mom is not. So I was not raised anything. I do feel a desire now to find something spiritual. Getting married and wanting to have kids has something to do with that."

## Education and early career

Lauer earned his undergraduate degree from Ohio University at age 39 in 1997; he had studied at the school's Scripps College of Communication, School of Media Arts and Studies. Lauer had dropped out of the same institution in the spring of 1979 to begin his television career, after he was hired as a producer of the noon newscast for WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. By 1980, Lauer had become an on-air reporter for the station's 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts.

Lauer then started to move around the East Coast, hosting a number of daily information and talk programs. He was a co-host of PM Magazine in several cities, beginning in Richmond (1980–1981), then Providence (1981–1984), and then New York City (1984–1986). After the New York edition of PM Magazine was canceled by WNYW in 1986, Lauer and co-host Jill Rappaport worked on a new show for the station, Made in New York, which ran for fifteen weeks. This was followed by Lauer gaining his first national television exposure, as he joined Robin Leach in co-hosting ABC 's short-lived daytime series Fame, Fortune and Romance, a spin-off of the syndicated Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. Lauer then returned to local television, hosting programs in Philadelphia and Boston for a two-year period between 1987 and 1989, during which time he reported for ESPN and anchored entertainment news segments for HBO.

In September 1989, Lauer returned to New York City, this time to WWOR, and built his career and fame, where he hosted 9 Broadcast Plaza, a three-hour live interview program. Lauer departed that series as it took a turn in booking "tabloid" guests and topics, and for what he relayed as a refusal to live-read ads on the show for Dial-a-Mattress. WWOR-TV replaced Lauer with various guest hosts Buzz Luttrell Robb Weller, Robin Leach, Steve Edwards (talk show host), Weird Al Yankovic, Howard Stern, Richard Bey, and 9 Broadcast Plaza eventually morphed into The Richard Bey Show.

At this time, Lauer was also the original primary host of a popular Cinemax interstitial show, called Beyond the Screen (1988 - 1997; it was interstitial because the show aired on interstitial breaks between programs), which was very popular on Cinemax, causing them to topple HBO in the ratings. In this show, Matt, and many other hosts, would interview many celebrities such as Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Nicole Kidman, Talia Shire, Selma Blair, Jerry Seinfeld, Annabella Sciorra, Kirsten Dunst, EPMD, Tupac, John Singleton, Samuel L. Jackson, Sean Nelson, and many others, for their upcoming movies. The Godfather Part III, GoodFellas, Juice, and Fresh, were among the movies that had their behind-the-scenes featurette premieres on Cinemax, via this show.

In 1990, Lauer was hired by the Kushner-Locke Company to host a pilot called Day in Court, executive-produced by veteran producer David Sams, who helped to launch The Oprah Winfrey Show into national syndication. The program was retitled Trial Watch when it went to series, and ran on the NBC network for two seasons. NBC hired Robb Weller as host over Lauer when the program was picked up as a daily series. That same year, Lauer filmed a pilot for the World Wrestling Federation 's bodybuilding spinoff, the World Bodybuilding Federation for USA Network known as WBF BodyStars, though WWF owner/chairman Vince McMahon later decided to host the program himself. In 1991, Lauer appeared as the co-host (along with Willow Bay) of Etc., Etc., a show on the Travel Channel.

## Career at NBC News

Lauer joined NBC in 1992, when he became co-anchor of the early weekday news show Today in New York on the network's New York flagship station WNBC. The following year, Lauer filled the role of Live at Five co-anchor with Sue Simmons, eventually taking the role permanently and giving up the morning shift by 1994; he was replaced on Today in New York by Maurice DuBois. Lauer remained on Live at Five until 1996.

Lauer's on-camera presence would soon provide him many opportunities with NBC News. Lauer filled in as the newsreader on The Today Show for Margaret Larson when needed from 1992 to 1993. This "audition" period allowed him to join The Today Show full-time in January 1994 as news anchor, while still co-anchoring Today in New York and Live at Five.

Lauer stepped in for Scott Simon, Mike Schneider, Jack Ford and David Bloom as the co-host of Weekend Today, and for Ann Curry as anchor of the former NBC News program NBC News at Sunrise from 1992 to 1997. He had also filled in for Tom Brokaw on NBC Nightly News. As the Today Show news anchor, Lauer also substituted for Bryant Gumbel on the Today Show before being named the official co-anchor on January 6, 1997, after Gumbel stepped down. On top of Lauer's duties on The Today Show, Lauer also hosted programming on Discovery Channel and MSNBC.

From 1998 until 2011, Lauer embarked on what was generally an annual five-day, globe-spanning adventure called Where in the World is Matt Lauer? on the Today Show during TV sweeps. The segment was named after the PBS game show Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? from which it borrowed the theme song. This segment sent Lauer to various locations around the world, from where he reported on the importance of each location. Lauer broadcast from locations including Bhutan, Easter Island, the Panama Canal, Iran, Hong Kong, Croatia, and the Great Wall of China. In 2011, NBC News postponed the segment in consideration of the stagnant, unstable U.S. economy.

On some occasions, Lauer conducted interviews that escalated into tense exchanges. During a June 2005 interview with Tom Cruise, Lauer argued with Cruise about psychiatry and postpartum depression, and Cruise called Lauer "glib." In December 2008, Cruise said he regretted the exchange.

On June 19, 2007, Lauer interviewed Prince William and Prince Harry on the tenth anniversary of the death of their mother, Diana, Princess of Wales.

Between 1998 and 2017, Lauer co-hosted NBC's live coverage of Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Lauer co-hosted the opening ceremonies of several Olympic Games, carrying on what his former co-host Katie Couric had done since the 2000 Summer Olympics. Lauer co-hosted the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics, the 2010 Winter Olympics, the 2012 Summer Olympics, the 2014 Winter Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics. His commentary on the 2012 opening ceremonies, along with that of co-hosts Meredith Vieira and Bob Costas, came under fierce criticism, being described as "ignorant" and "banal".

On April 5, 2012, Lauer announced that he had signed a new contract with NBC News through 2017. Forbes estimated that the contract paid Lauer $25 million a year.

It has been widely reported that Lauer had influenced co-anchor Ann Curry 's departure from The Today Show, executed by its executive producer Jim Bell under the name called "Operation Bambi."

During the 2014 Winter Olympics, Lauer replaced prime-time host Bob Costas from February 11–14, after Costas suffered a major eye infection.

In November 2015, Lauer hosted an interview with Charlie Sheen, during which Sheen revealed that he was HIV-positive.

On September 8, 2016, Lauer conducted separate 30-minute interviews with presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, both of which were met with much criticism. Lauer devoted much of the Clinton interview to questions about her e-mail server, and according to critics, appeared to rush through audience-led topics such as domestic terror attacks and veterans' affairs, implying that there was not enough time to cover these in detail. Many also felt that Lauer failed to challenge Trump on alleged inaccuracies, such as his statement that he was "totally against the war in Iraq," which other sources called "lies." CNN reported that the short amount of time for the interviews, the short notice with which they were conducted, and the small amount of audience questions were a major reason for the poor reviews.

On November 30, 2016, it was revealed that Lauer had signed a new contract up to 2018. Variety reported that his salary was $20 million per year. On January 6, 2017, Lauer celebrated his 20th anniversary on The Today Show with a look back at some of his most memorable moments on the show.

## Sexual misconduct allegations

On November 29, 2017, NBC News announced that Lauer's employment had been terminated after an unidentified female NBC employee reported that Lauer had sexually harassed her during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and that the harassment continued after they returned to New York. Andrew Lack, chairman of NBC News, sent a memorandum to his staff that said, in part, "On Monday night, we received a detailed complaint from a colleague about inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace by Matt Lauer.... While it is the first complaint about his behavior in the over 20 years he's been at NBC News, we were also presented with reason to believe this may not have been an isolated incident." A network executive said Lauer would not receive any form of monetary settlement because he was fired " for cause ". Lauer's last day on air was November 28, 2017. His contract had been scheduled to run through the end of 2018.

NBC News management said it had been aware that The New York Times and Variety had been conducting independent investigations of Lauer's behavior, but that management had been unaware of previous allegations against Lauer. Later reporting disputed this; Linda Vester, a former NBC News correspondent, said that management had to have known and that "everybody knew" that Lauer was dangerous. In the 2019 book Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies, and a Conspiracy to Protect Predators, Ronan Farrow cited multiple sources who stated that NBC News was not only aware of Lauer's misconduct beforehand, but that Harvey Weinstein used this knowledge to pressure the program into killing a story that would have outed his own sexual assaults. Variety reported allegations by at least ten of Lauer's current and former colleagues. Additional accusations went public in the ensuing days. NBC acknowledged three additional cases from 2000 to 2007.

In Catch and Kill, Farrow reveals one of the alleged victims as Brooke Nevils, who says Lauer anally raped her in his hotel room while the two were in Sochi covering the 2014 Winter Olympics for NBC. Farrow also writes in his book that Nevils had additional sexual encounters with Lauer after the initial incident, but she characterized those encounters as "transactional", and consented only out of fear that Lauer had control over her career.

In a statement made after his firing, Lauer apologized for his actions, saying, "Some of what is being said about me is untrue or mischaracterized, but there is enough truth in these stories to make me feel embarrassed and ashamed." Following Nevils' allegation of sexual assault that was published in Farrow's book, Lauer issued an open letter confirming that he had a consensual sexual relationship with Nevils and that the relationship started in 2014 in Sochi, but denying that the initial encounter was non-consensual.

Two weeks after Lauer's firing, Addie Zinone, a former Today production assistant, made an additional accusation, saying that she had a consensual sexual relationship with Lauer in June 2000. Zinone claimed that the relationship was an "abuse of power" on Lauer's part because Zinone said that she felt that turning down Lauer's advances would have hurt her career.

According to Farrow, Today show booker Melissa Lonner claims that Lauer exposed himself to her in 2010 at an NBC cocktail party. He denies this claim and through his lawyer said, "he will not take part in the marketing circus of this book."

In 2008, Lauer was the subject of a roast by the New York Friars Club where several of his colleagues made jokes about his reputation for having relationships with his staff.

## Other work

Lauer made a guest appearance as himself on a live episode of Will & Grace in early 2006.

In November 2006, Lauer and his daughter, Romy, hosted the Sesame Street direct-to-DVD show Sesame Beginnings: Exploring Together. Lauer hosted The Greatest American on the Discovery Channel, which used internet and telephone voting by viewers to select the winner. Lauer was critical of his own program, since it tended to favor well-known figures over others who had less influence in pop culture.

Lauer served as the 2009 Class Day speaker at Harvard University 's undergraduate commencement ceremonies on June 3, 2009.

Lauer has appeared as himself in the 2009 film Land of the Lost, the 2011 film The Beaver and voiced reporter Hark Hanson in the direct–to–DVD animated sequel Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey! Lauer also made appearances in the 2011 films Drew Peterson: Untouchable and Tower Heist; archival footage of Lauer is shown in the 2015 film Straight Outta Compton and the 2017 films Lady Bird and I, Tonya. He also appeared as himself in the TV movies Sharknado 2: The Second One and Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No!

## Career timeline

- 1979–1980: News producer and reporter, WOWK-TV, Huntington, West Virginia

- 1980–1981: Co-host, PM Magazine, WXEX-TV, Richmond, Virginia

- 1981–1984: Co-host, PM Magazine, WJAR -TV, Providence, Rhode Island

- 1984–1986: Co-host, PM Magazine, WNEW-TV, New York City

- 1986: Co-host, Made in New York, WNYW, New York City

- 1986–1987: Co-host, Fame, Fortune and Romance, ABC

- 1987–1988: Host, Live on City Line, WCAU -TV, Philadelphia

- 1988–1989: Host, Talk of the Town, WNEV-TV, Boston

- 1989–1991: Co-host, 9 Broadcast Plaza, WWOR-TV, Secaucus, New Jersey

- 1992–1996: Various positions at WNBC-TV, New York City September 1992 – September 1994: Today in New York co-anchor August 1993 – September 1996: early evening newscast Live at Five co-anchor

- September 1992 – September 1994: Today in New York co-anchor

- August 1993 – September 1996: early evening newscast Live at Five co-anchor

- 1992–2017: Various positions at NBC News, New York City 1992–1997: fill-in anchor on Weekend Today and NBC News at Sunrise 1993–1994: Today fill-in news anchor June 13, 1994 – January 3, 1997: Today news anchor January 6, 1997 – November 28, 2017: Today co-anchor 1997–2017: Dateline NBC contributing anchor 1998–2016: Christmas in Rockefeller Center host 1998–2017: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade host 2011–2013: Rock Center with Brian Williams correspondent

- 1992–1997: fill-in anchor on Weekend Today and NBC News at Sunrise

- 1993–1994: Today fill-in news anchor

- June 13, 1994 – January 3, 1997: Today news anchor

- January 6, 1997 – November 28, 2017: Today co-anchor

- 1997–2017: Dateline NBC contributing anchor

- 1998–2016: Christmas in Rockefeller Center host

- 1998–2017: Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade host

- 2011–2013: Rock Center with Brian Williams correspondent

## Personal life

Lauer is a grandson of singer Art Gentry. Lauer was married to television producer Nancy Alspaugh from 1982 to 1989. They had no children. He later married Dutch model Annette Roque, whom he met on a blind date in July 1997. Lauer proposed to Roque after five months of dating, and the two wed in Bridgehampton, New York on October 3, 1998. They have three children together.

In 2006, while pregnant, Roque filed for divorce due to "mental abuse, extreme mental and emotional distress, humiliation, torment, and anxiety" by Lauer. They reconciled weeks later. On September 7, 2019, Lauer and Roque officially divorced, following nearly two years of separation in the wake of his 2017 sexual harassment allegations.

Since his firing, Lauer has been living on his farm in New Zealand.


Michael Sprott

# Michael Sprott

## Abstract

Michael Sprott (born 16 January 1975) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2018. At regional level, he held multiple heavyweight championships, including the British and Commonwealth titles in 2004, and challenged three times for the European title in 2005, 2010 and 2011. He was the winner of the 14th Prizefighter series.

## Career

After a quiet amateur career, Sprott turned pro in November 1996 under the old Frank Bruno trainer, Terry Lawless. He won 11 fights, including a points win over veteran Michael Murray before taking on Harry Senior in September 1998 for the Southern Area Heavyweight title. Senior, a respected sparring partner, had recently dedicated himself to being a full-time professional, and took Sprott out in 6 rounds with body shots. Sprott came back with 3 wins before falling apart in 3 rounds versus British contender Wayne Llewelyn in October 2000.

Seemingly relegated to journeyman status, In February 2001 in London, Sprott scored an upset when he outpointed the once-beaten German Timo Hoffmann, who had lost only to Vitali Klitschko. He travelled to Germany for the rematch, controversially outpointed by Hoffmann in a result that was jeered loudly by the German crowd.

In November 2001, he travelled to South Africa to face hard hitting fringe contender Corrie Sanders. In a brief and entertaining fight, Sprott rocked the southpaw before being decked himself, and suffering a controversial stoppage by the referee, with even the South African commentators deploring the stoppage.

In February 2002, Keith Long pulled out from a British and Commonwealth title fight with Danny Williams, and Sprott flew in from a holiday in Jamaica on only a few days notice. After a few rounds he ran out of gas and was stopped in the seventh round, but showed he could compete at national level. It was around this time that Sprott brought in trainer John Bloomfield, who spent six years with Frank Bruno.

After this challenge, Sprott went on a successful run of form, winning 8 fights, including knockouts of Pele Reid (KO7), ex-British champ Michael Holden (KO4), Mark Potter (KO3), and Colin Kenna (KO1), setting up a rematch with Williams.

In September 2003, Sprott qualified for another shot at Williams and his titles, but after a far more competitive fight, Sprott was the victim of several low blows. When he complained to the referee he was controversially knocked out by a Williams left hook.

In January 2004, Sprott narrowly outpointed Williams in their third and final fight (115-114), lifting the British and Commonwealth titles. A few months later Williams would knockout Mike Tyson, however Sprott would lose his titles in his first defense, matched with fast undefeated Matt Skelton (12-0), Sprott was mauled and stopped in the 12th. His last fight of 2004 was a win against Czech heavyweight champ Robert Šulgan in Bethnal Green.

In 2005, Sprott would take the first of many trips abroad fighting top prospects, usually at short notice. In April he beat the German amateur star Cengiz Koc, but in October was beaten on points by Olympian Paolo Vidoz in a European title fight, both fights in Germany. In December he fought future European champ Vladimir Virchis in Austria, but was once-again the victim of a controversial decision loss.

In February 2006, he outboxed veteran Antoine Palatis in Scotland, but in a WBA Eliminator in July was hammered in 8 one-sided rounds by undefeated Ruslan Chagaev. Despite the loss he went back to Germany and beat a third German prospect when he upset undefeated southpaw Rene Dettweiller in November.

During his travels in Germany, Sprott had picked up the second-tier European Heavyweight title, the "EU" title, which he defended against 2000 Olympic Gold medallist Audley Harrison in London, February 2007. Harrison had demolished Danny Williams in his last fight and was on course to face Matt Skelton in a world title eliminator. A 9/2 underdog with most bookies, Sprott came off the floor in the 1st round to score a rare stoppage win by knocking Harrison clean out in the 3rd with a left hook; and seemingly ending his career.

On 14 July 2007, Sprott lost to Matt Skelton in a 12-round contest. The fight was of a very poor standard with Skelton winning on points.

On 31 May 2008, Sprott travelled to Germany to face hot prospect, and the WBA's #4 ranked contender Taras Bidenko. Sprott was outpointed in a 10-round unanimous decision, with 2 judges scoring the bout 97–93, and the other seeing it 97–94.

On 14 March 2009, Sprott fought former WBO heavyweight champion Lamon Brewster and lost a unanimous decision.

He fought Alexander Ustinov on 20 June 2009, but lost by unanimous decision after ten rounds. However he beat German Werner Kreiskott by round 1 TKO in March 2010 and this earned him a shot at the vacant European Boxing Union title against old foe Audley Harrison at Alexandra Palace in April 2010. Sprott was leading the bout on all three scorecards before Harrison knocked out Sprott with seconds remaining of round 12.

On 9 October 2010, a 35-year-old Sprott competed in Sky's 'PrizeFighter' series (Heavyweights), reaching the final where he fought Matt Skelton. It was third time lucky for Sprott, who had lost his previous 2 contests with the 43-year-old Skelton, Winning on a split decision (29-28 Skelton 29-28 sprott 29-28 sprott) after the 3 round contest and winning £32,000 in 'winner take all' prize money. In September 2011, he suffered a third defeat in a European heavyweight title bout when he lost a unanimous points decision to Ukrainian Alexander Dimitrenko in Hamburg.

## Outside the ring

Michael Sprott has a son called Darnell born around 2001. Darnell's name is stitched on the shorts Sprott wears for his professional contests. In recent contests Sprott's shorts have also displayed the name of his late sister Ginette, who took her own life in September 2009 after a long battle with depression.

He lists his hobbies as weights, travelling and meeting new people. Outside boxing, Sprott enjoys rugby and the Wimbledon Championships. His favourite football teams are Reading FC and Arsenal F.C.