George Segal

# George Segal

## Abstract

George Segal Jr. (February 13, 1934 – March 23, 2021) was an American actor. He became popular in the 1960s and 1970s for playing both dramatic and comedic roles. After first rising to prominence with roles in acclaimed films such as Ship of Fools (1965) and King Rat (1965), he co-starred in the classic drama Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966).

Through the next decade and a half, Segal consistently starred in notable films across a variety of genres including The Quiller Memorandum (1966), The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967), No Way to Treat a Lady (1968), Where's Poppa? (1970), The Owl and the Pussycat (1970), The Hot Rock (1972), Blume in Love (1973), A Touch of Class (1973), California Split (1974), The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox (1976), Fun with Dick and Jane (1977), Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? (1978), and The Last Married Couple in America (1980). He was one of the first American film actors to rise to leading man status with an unchanged Jewish surname, helping pave the way for other major actors of his generation.

Later in his career, he appeared in supporting roles in films such as Carbon Copy (1981), Stick (1985), Look Who's Talking (1989), For the Boys (1991), The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), Flirting with Disaster (1996), 2012 (2009), and Love & Other Drugs (2010).

He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and won two Golden Globe Awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in A Touch of Class.

On television, he was best known for his regular roles in two popular sitcoms, playing Jack Gallo on Just Shoot Me! (1997–2003) and Albert "Pops" Solomon on The Goldbergs (2013–2021). Segal was also an accomplished banjo player. (In addition to the banjo, he frequently played other small lute instruments such as the ukulele and dobro on TV and in his movies.) He released three albums and performed with the instrument in several of his acting roles and on late-night television.

## Early life

George Segal Jr. was born in New York City, the youngest of four children, to Fannie Blanche Segal (née Bodkin) and George Segal Sr., a malt and hop agent. He spent much of his childhood in Great Neck, New York. All four of Segal's grandparents were Russian-Jewish immigrants, and his maternal grandparents changed their surname from Slobodkin to Bodkin. A paternal great-grandfather ran for governor of Massachusetts as a socialist. His oldest brother, John, worked in the hops brokerage business and was an innovator in the cultivation of new hop varieties; he had a farm in Grandview, Washington where George often helped in the summers. The middle brother, Fred, was a screenwriter; and his sister Greta died of pneumonia before Segal was born.

Segal's family was Jewish, but he was raised in a secular household. When asked if he had had a bar mitzvah, he said:

I'm afraid not. I went to a Passover Seder at Groucho Marx 's once and he kept saying, "When do we get to the wine?" So that's my experience. I went to bar mitzvah, and that was the only time I was in Temple Beth Shalom. wasn't happening that much at the time. People's car tires were slashed in front of the temple. I was once kicked down a flight of stairs by some kids from.

Segal became interested in acting at the age of nine, when he saw Alan Ladd in This Gun for Hire. "I knew the revolver and the trench coat were an illusion and I didn't care," said Segal. "I liked the sense of adventure and control." He also started playing the banjo at a young age, later stating: "I started off with the ukulele when I was a kid in Great Neck. A friend had a red Harold Teen model; it won my heart. When I got to high school, I realized you couldn't play in a band with a ukulele, so I moved on to the four-string banjo."

When his father died in 1947, Segal moved to New York City with his mother. He graduated from George School, a Quaker boarding school in Pennsylvania, in 1951 and attended Haverford College. He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1955 with a Bachelor of Arts in performing arts and drama. He played banjo at Haverford and also at Columbia, where he played with a dixieland jazz band that had several different names. When he booked a gig, he billed the group as Bruno Lynch and his Imperial Jazz Band. The group, which later settled on the name Red Onion Jazz Band, played at Segal's first wedding.

Segal served in the United States Army during the Korean War. While there, he played in a band called Corporal Bruno's Sad Sack Six.

## Career

### Early roles and success

After college and the army, Segal eventually studied at the Actors Studio with Lee Strasberg and at HB Studio with Uta Hagen and got a job as an understudy in the 1956 off-Broadway production of The Iceman Cometh starring Jason Robards. He appeared in Antony and Cleopatra for Joseph Papp and joined an improvisational group called The Premise, which performed at a Bleecker Street coffeehouse and whose ranks included Buck Henry and Theodore J. Flicker. Segal continued to perform on Broadway with roles in Gideon (1961–62) by Paddy Chayefsky, which ran for 236 performances, as well as Rattle of a Simple Man (1963), an adaptation of a British hit, with Tammy Grimes and Edward Woodward.

He was signed to a Columbia Pictures contract in 1961, making his film debut in The Young Doctors. Segal made several television appearances in the early 1960s, including Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Armstrong Circle Theatre, and Naked City, and appeared in the well-known World War II film The Longest Day (1962). He also had a small role in Act One (1963) and a more prominent part in the western Invitation to a Gunfighter (1964) alongside Yul Brynner.

Segal came to Hollywood from New York City to star in a TV series with Robert Taylor that never aired. Nonetheless, he joined the cast of Columbia Pictures ' medical drama The New Interns (1964), and the studio then put him under long-term contract. The role ultimately earned him the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year, alongside Harve Presnell and Chaim Topol.

### Critical acclaim

In 1965, Segal played an egocentric painter in an ensemble cast led by Vivien Leigh and Lee Marvin in Stanley Kramer 's acclaimed drama Ship of Fools, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The same year, he also had the title role of a scheming POW in the well-regarded war drama King Rat (a role originally meant for Frank Sinatra) and received acclaim for both performances. In other notable film appearances, he played a secret service agent on assignment in Berlin in The Quiller Memorandum (1966) (a role originally meant for Charlton Heston), an Algerian paratrooper who becomes a leader of the FLN in Lost Command (1966), and a Cagney -esque gangster in Roger Corman 's The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967).

Segal also appeared in several prominent television films, playing Biff in an acclaimed production of Death of a Salesman (1966) next to Lee J. Cobb, a gangster in an adaptation of The Desperate Hours (1967), and George in an adaptation of Of Mice and Men (1968). The latter two films were both directed by Ted Kotcheff, with whom he worked again several times.

Segal was loaned to Warner Bros. for Mike Nichols ' directorial debut Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966), a now-classic adaptation of the Edward Albee play. Nichols had previously directed Segal in a 1964 Off-Broadway play titled The Knack and cast him again in Woolf after Robert Redford had turned down the role. In the four-person ensemble piece, Segal played the young faculty member, Nick, alongside Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and Sandy Dennis. The film, which received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture and was later selected to the National Film Registry, is arguably Segal's best known and, for his role, he was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe.

The same year, Segal released his debut LP, The Yama Yama Man. The title track is a ragtime version of the 1908 tune " The Yama Yama Man " with horns and banjos. Segal released the album at a time when he appeared regularly playing banjo on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. In the same year, Segal played banjo and sang with The Smothers Brothers when they performed Phil Ochs 's " Draft Dodger Rag " on their CBS television show.

### Leading man

For over ten years after his success with Woolf, Segal received many notable film roles, often working with major filmmakers and becoming a significant figure in the New Hollywood movement. He starred in Carl Reiner 's celebrated dark comedy Where's Poppa? (1970), played the lead role in Sidney Lumet 's Bye Bye Braverman (1968), starred with Robert Redford in Peter Yates 's diamond heist comedy The Hot Rock (1972), starred in the title role of Paul Mazursky 's acclaimed romantic comedy Blume in Love (1973), and starred alongside Elliott Gould as a gambling addict in Robert Altman 's classic California Split (1974), considered by some to be the greatest gambling film of all time.

In one of his most successful roles, Segal played a philandering husband in Melvin Frank 's continental romantic comedy A Touch of Class (1973) opposite Glenda Jackson. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, Jackson won an Oscar for her performance, and Segal won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, which was the second Golden Globe of his career.

During this time, he had many other leading roles in various genres. He played a perplexed police detective in No Way to Treat a Lady (1968), a war-weary platoon commander in The Bridge at Remagen (1969), a man laying waste to his marriage in Loving (1970), and a hairdresser-turned- junkie in Born to Win (1971). The Owl and the Pussycat (1970), a romantic comedy starring Segal and Barbra Streisand and written by his former improv teammate Buck Henry, was particularly popular; and though Segal played against type as a dangerous computer scientist in The Terminal Man (1974), he used his popular appeal as a card shark in The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox (1976), as a suburbanite-turned-bank robber in Fun with Dick and Jane (1977), as a heroic ride inspector in Rollercoaster (1977), and as a wealthy serial restaurant entrepreneur in Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? (1978). Other films starring Segal from this time include The Girl Who Couldn't Say No (1968), Russian Roulette (1975), and The Black Bird (1975).

Segal co-hosted the 48th Academy Awards in 1976, alongside Gene Kelly, Goldie Hawn, Walter Matthau, and Robert Shaw.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Segal appeared as a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and occasionally as a guest host. His appearances were marked by eccentric banter with Johnny Carson and were usually punctuated by bursts of banjo playing. In addition to playing banjo while appearing on The Tonight Show, Segal played the instrument in several of his acting roles and sang in others, such as Blume in Love.

George Segal and the Imperial Jazzband released the album A Touch of Ragtime in 1974, with Segal on banjo. He made frequent television appearances with the "Beverly Hills Unlisted Jazz Band", whose members included actor Conrad Janis on trombone, and in 1981 they performed live at Carnegie Hall.

### Mid-career difficulties

Segal reunited with his Touch of Class co-star Jackson and director Frank in another European-set romantic comedy, Lost and Found (1979), but the film was not a success. Neither was The Last Married Couple in America (1980) with Natalie Wood. Segal famously pulled out of the lead role in Blake Edwards ' hit comedy 10 (1979), resulting in his being replaced by Dudley Moore and sued by Edwards.

With a few exceptions, in films such as Denzel Washington 's film debut Carbon Copy (1981), Burt Reynolds 's crime drama Stick (1985), and the popular family comedy Look Who's Talking (1989), Segal received fewer prominent roles in the 1980s. Instead, he began to star more frequently in television films, such as The Deadly Game (1982) for which he received a CableAce Award nomination for best actor in a theatrical or non-musical production, The Cold Room (1984), and The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood (1984). He also starred in two short-lived television series, the semi-autobiographical sitcom Take Five (1987) and the crime drama Murphy's Law (1988–89). In 1985, he returned to Broadway in a short-lived production of Requiem for a Heavyweight by Rod Serling and in 1990 toured in a play called Double Act.

He later reflected on his career trajectory:

In the first 10 years, I was playing all different kinds of things. I loved the variety, and never had the sense of being a leading man but a character actor. Then I got frozen into this "urban" character. About the time of "The Last Married Couple in America" (1980) I remember Natalie (Wood) saying to me... "It's one typed role after another, and pretty soon you forget everything. You forget why you're here, why you're doing it." Then my marriage started to fall apart... I was disenchanted, I was turning in on myself, I was doing a lot of self-destructive things... there were drugs... I'm also sure I was guilty of spoiled behavior. I think it's impossible when that star rush comes not to get a little full of yourself, which is what I was.

### Later career

Nevertheless, after this relatively dry period, Segal re-established himself as a successful character actor in the 1990s. Though he appeared in some less-acclaimed films, he also worked with directors such as Mark Rydell, Gus Van Sant, Barbra Streisand, David O. Russell, Randal Kleiser, and Ben Stiller, respectively, in well-received films such as For the Boys (1991), To Die For (1995), The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), Flirting with Disaster (1996), It's My Party (1996), and The Cable Guy (1996). Additionally, he had guest appearances on various shows such as Murder She Wrote and The Larry Sanders Show and continued to appear in television films such as Seasons of the Heart (1994), Houdini (1998), and The Linda McCartney Story (2000). In 1999, he briefly performed in Yasmina Reza 's Art on Broadway, and in 2001 he reprised his performance in the West End.

From 1997 to 2003, Segal had his most prominent role in years when he starred in the NBC workplace sitcom Just Shoot Me! as Jack Gallo, the successful yet often oblivious owner and publisher of a New York City fashion magazine. For this role, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1999 and 2000 as well as a Satellite Award in 2002. The show, which also starred David Spade and Laura San Giacomo, among others, and which once aired between iconic sitcoms Friends and Seinfeld, lasted for seven seasons and 148 episodes.

After finishing his run on Just Shoot Me, Segal appeared in supporting roles in films such as Heights (2005) and 2012 (2009). He and Jill Clayburgh cameoed as Jake Gyllenhaal 's parents in Love & Other Drugs (2010), reuniting the co-stars 46 years after they first worked together in The Terminal Man. Additionally, Segal worked more frequently as a voice actor, including a role in the English-language version of Studio Ghibli 's The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2013) and a comedic reprisal of his Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? role in a 2018 episode of The Simpsons. His most recent film performance was alongside Christopher Plummer in Elsa & Fred (2014). In other roles, Segal played talent manager Murray Berenson in three episodes of the television series Entourage (2009), guest starred in shows such as Boston Legal, Private Practice, and Pushing Daisies, appeared in comedic short videos such as Chutzpuh, This Is, and starred in the TV Land sitcom Retired at 35 (2011–2012), alongside his Bye Bye Braverman co-star Jessica Walter.

Segal had another success when he starred in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs (2013–2021), playing Albert "Pops" Solomon, the eccentric but lovable grandfather of a semi-autobiographical family based on that of series creator Adam F. Goldberg. The long-running series entered its eighth season in 2021, and Segal was part of the regular cast up until his death in March of that year. Throughout the show, Segal had appeared in most, though not all, episodes and, as in some of his earlier roles, he played the banjo several times on-screen.

In 2017, Segal received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of Television.

## Personal life and death

Segal was married three times. He married film editor Marion Segal Freed in 1956, who would go on to work as an associate producer or editor on three of his films. They had two daughters and were together until their divorce in 1983. From 1983 until her death in 1996, he was married to Linda Rogoff, a one-time manager of The Pointer Sisters whom he met at Carnegie Hall when he played the banjo with his band the Beverly Hills Unlisted Jazz Band. He married his former George School boarding school classmate Sonia Schultz Greenbaum in 1998.

Later in his life, Segal lived part-time in Sonoma County when he was not filming The Goldbergs in Los Angeles.

Segal died of complications from bypass surgery in Santa Rosa, California, on March 23, 2021, at age 87.

## Filmography

## Awards and nominations

### Other honors

- 1989: A portrait of Segal by photographer Lewis Morley was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery, London.

- 2017: Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame


Mark Readings

# Mark Readings

## Abstract

Mark Readings (or “Sleepy Joe” as he is affectionately known due to his uncanny resemblance to Joe Biden) is an Australian sports journalist and commentator. He is formerly a reporter for Seven News and Nine News and also commentates Australian rules football matches on 6PR. In his spare time, Readings loves doing house chores and drinking warm bourbon and cokes, because the ice machine makes too much noise. He has also been spotted smoking the occasional dart behind the bushes.

Readings began his career at radio station 6PM in 1988 before joining the Nine Network as a sports reporter, he also commentated on sporting events including domestic cricket, AFL Football and Olympic Games for Nine. From 2010 to 2013, Readings the main weeknight sports presenter replacing Michael Thomson who replace Readings following his departure. In 2014, Readings joined the Seven Network as host of ‘The Footy Fix’ program and in 2015, the main commentator of its WAFL coverage and filled in occasionally as an AFL commentator during Seven's coverage. He also was sports reporter on Today Tonight and was a filled in as sports presenter on Seven News, in 2020 Readings announced his departure from Seven full time and became a freelancer. He hosts 'The Game' program on Seven with ex-West Coast Eagles player Ben Cousins and ex-Fremantle Dockers player Shaun McManus. He also is a contributor on the Backchat podcast with ex-West Coast Eagles player Will Schofield.

In addition to his work on television, he is also a AFL commentator on 6PR also fills in on its Sportsday program with Karl Langdon.

In 2003, Readings received a Logie Award for his coverage of the Bali Bombings on the Nine Network. Readings who was on holidays in Bali when the bombings occurred, reported on the tragedy for Nine News in the days that followed.

He has a wife and twin daughters.


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the

most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.


# 2024 New Hampshire gubernatorial election

## Abstract

The 2024 New Hampshire gubernatorial election will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the governor of New Hampshire, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Governor Chris Sununu was eligible to seek re-election to a fifth term, but has announced that he will not do so, leaving the election an open race.

Along with neighboring Vermont, this race is one of two Republican-held governorships up for election in 2024 in a state Joe Biden won in the 2020 presidential election. Primary elections took place on September 10, 2024.

## Republican primary

### Candidates

#### Nominee

- Kelly Ayotte, former U.S. Senator (2011–2017)

#### Eliminated in primary

- Shaun Fife, farmer

- Robert McClory, welder

- Richard McMenamon, auto repair shop owner and candidate for governor in 2022

- Chuck Morse, former president of the New Hampshire Senate, former acting governor, and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2022

- Frank Staples, transitional living program owner

#### Declined

- Jeb Bradley, president of the New Hampshire Senate and former U.S. Representative for New Hampshire's 1st congressional district

- Scott Brown, former U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa (2017–2020), former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (2010–2013), and nominee for U.S. Senate in New Hampshire in 2014

- Frank Edelblut, commissioner of the New Hampshire Department of Education, former state representative, and candidate for governor in 2016

- Chris Sununu, incumbent governor (endorsed Ayotte)

### Endorsements

- Judd Gregg, former U.S. Senator from New Hampshire (1993–2011)

- Chris Sununu, Governor of New Hampshire (2017–present)

- Bill Gannon, state senator from the 23rd district (2016–2018, 2020–present)

- 20 state representatives

- Don Bolduc, retired U.S. Army Special Forces brigadier general and nominee for U.S. Senate in 2022

- Rico Petrocelli, Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox

### Polling

### Results

Ayotte secured a major victory over Morse, winning almost two thirds of the vote. She performed the best in the Sullivan County in the southwest of the state, earning 74% of the vote. Conversely, she recorded her worst result in the Rockingham County, with just 54.7% of the vote.

## Democratic primary

### Candidates

#### Nominee

- Joyce Craig, former mayor of Manchester

#### Eliminated in primary

- Jon Kiper, former Newmarket town councilor

- Cinde Warmington, New Hampshire Executive Councilor

#### Declined

- Annie Kuster, U.S. Representative for New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district

- Steve Marchand, former mayor of Portsmouth and candidate for governor in 2016 and 2018

- Chris Pappas, U.S. Representative for New Hampshire's 1st congressional district (running for re-election)

- Tom Sherman, former state senator and nominee for governor in 2022

### Endorsements

- John Lynch, former governor of New Hampshire (2005–2013)

- Maura Healey, governor of Massachusetts (2023–present)

- Chester Atkins, former U.S. Representative from MA-5 (1985–1993)

- Virginia Barry, former Commissioner of Education (2009–2017)

- James Craig, former Commissioner of Labor (2013–2017) and former state representative (1998–2006, 2008–2010)

- Colin Van Ostern, former New Hampshire Executive Councilor from the 2nd district (2013–2017)

- Ned Helms, former Commissioner of Health and Human Services (1979–1982)

- John Broderick Jr., former New Hampshire Supreme Court Chief Justice (2004–2010)

- Arthur Gajarsa, former U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit judge (1997–2011)

- 10 current and former state senators

- 69 current and former New Hampshire state representatives

- Kevin Cavanaugh, Manchester alderman from the 1st ward (2015–present) and former state senator from the 16th district (2017–2022)

- Jim Donchess, Mayor of Nashua (2016-present)

- Kathy Sullivan, former chair of the New Hampshire Democratic Party

- Paul LeBlanc, Southern New Hampshire University president (2004–present)

- Susan Lynch, former First Lady of New Hampshire (2005–2013)

- American Federation of Teachers Local 1044

- International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 490

- International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local 633

- New Hampshire Building and Construction Trades Council

- Howard Dean, former Governor of Vermont (1991–2003)

- Carol Shea-Porter, former U.S. Representative from NH-01 (2007–2011, 2013–2015, 2017–2019)

- Dudley Dudley, former New Hampshire Executive Councilor from the 3rd district (1977–1985)

- Donovan Fenton, state senator from the 10th district (2022–present)

- Terie Norelli, former Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives (2006–2010, 2012–2014) from HD-R26 (1996–2014)

- Suzanne Prentiss, state senator from the 5th district (2020–present)

- Steve Shurtleff, former Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives (2018–2020) from HD-M11 (2004–present)

- Becky Whitley, state senator from the 15th district (2020–present)

- Jim Bouley, mayor of Concord (2008–2024)

- Andrew Hosmer, mayor of Laconia (2020–present)

- SEA/SEIU LOCAL 1984

## Third parties and independent candidates

### Declared

- Stephen Villee (Libertarian), software developer

## General election

### Polling


Micah Tyler

# Micah Tyler

## Abstract

Micah Tyler is an American Christian musician, who primarily plays Christian pop music. He has released four musical works: two studio albums, The Story I Tell (2013) and New Today (2020), and two extended plays, The Kitchen Sink (2014) and Different (2016) with Fair Trade Services. Both the Different album and the New Today album charted on one Billboard magazine chart.

## Early life and background

He became a youth pastor after graduating from high school at the age of eighteen. He also drove a food delivery truck for his father-in-law’s business before turning to music full time.

## Music career

His music recording career started in 2013, with the studio album, The Story I Tell, while he also independently released an extended play the following year, The Kitchen Sink. In 2015, he had his first viral video with his performance of an original satirical song, "You've Gotta Love Millennials." The video received tens of millions of views within days across Facebook and YouTube. Tyler released another extended play, Different, with Fair Trade Services, on November 4, 2016, while this peaked on the Billboard magazine Christian Albums chart at No. 38.

In 2020, Tyler released "New Today," a full length album which reached No. 25 on the Billboard Magazine Christian Albums chart.

## Personal life

Tyler is married to Casey Begnaud, and together they have three children. They reside in Buna, Texas.

## Discography


# 2024 Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras season

## Abstract

The 2024 season is the 110th in Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras ' existence. This season Palmeiras participate in the Campeonato Paulista, Supercopa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores, Copa do Brasil and Série A.

## Squad information

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

### Transfers

## Competitions

### Overview

Last updated: 15 September 2024 Source: Competitions

### Campeonato Paulista

Palmeiras was drawn into Group B. The Federação Paulista de Futebol released a "basic" schedule on 7 December 2023. And on 26 December 2023 the full schedule was released.

#### First stage

#### Quarter-final

#### Semi-final

#### Finals

### Copa Libertadores

#### Group stage

The draw for the group stage was held on 18 March 2024. The full schedule was announced on 19 March 2024.

#### Round of 16

The draw for the round of 16 was held on 3 June 2024.

### Série A

#### Standings

#### Results by round

#### Matches

The full schedule was announced on 29 February 2024.

### Copa do Brasil

#### Third round

The draw for the third round was held on 17 April 2024. The order of the matches were announced later on the same day.

#### Round of 16

The draw for the round of 16 will be held on 18 July 2024. The order of the matches were announced later on the same day.

### Supercopa do Brasil

Palmeiras qualified for the 2024 Supercopa do Brasil by winning the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

## Statistics

### Goalscorers

In italic players who left the team in mid-season.


Stefan Mross


Tyrus (wrestler)

# Tyrus (wrestler)

## Abstract

George Murdoch (born February 21, 1973) is an American cable news personality, actor, and former professional wrestler known by his ring/stage name Tyrus. As a wrestler, he was formerly signed to the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), where he is a former NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion. As a cable news personality, he appears on Fox News, and its sister streaming service Fox Nation, primarily as a co-host/panelist on the late-night talk show Gutfeld!, as well as a contributor/fill-in host on other programs. In 2024, Tyrus was named host of Maintaining with Tyrus on the streaming platform OutKick, which is owned by Fox.

After training in WWE's developmental territories, such as Deep South Wrestling (DSW) and Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), Murdoch under the ring name Brodus Clay debuted during the fourth season of NXT, a WWE television show where rookies were paired with established WWE wrestlers as mentors. He debuted on the main roster as Alberto Del Rio 's bodyguard. During 2012, WWE changed his gimmick to The Funkusaurus, a funk dancer accompanied by his backup dancers the Funkadactyls. He wrestled in WWE until his departure in 2014. From 2014 to 2017, Murdoch wrestled in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name of Tyrus. In 2021, he joined the NWA, where he won the NWA World Television Championship, and later the promotion's primary title — the Worlds Heavyweight Championship.

His 2022 autobiography Just Tyrus: A Memoir was a New York Times bestseller. His second book Nuff Said was released in 2023.

## Early life

Murdoch is biracial; his father is black and his mother is white. He has stated that when he was born, his father was 19 years old and his mother was 15. In 2018, Murdoch disclosed a childhood incident in which his abusive father damaged his eye by hitting him; this incident led his mother to leave his father. While Murdoch's mother moved back to her parents' home, Murdoch has stated that he and his brother were not welcome there because they were part black. According to Murdoch, he and his brother lived with a foster family for many years; during this time, Murdoch was "obsessed" with changing his skin color, thinking that this would allow him to be reunited with his family. Murdoch and his brother eventually lived with their mother again, but Murdoch left home at age 15.

In 1990, Murdoch attended Quartz Hill High School in Los Angeles County, California, and then in 1992, Antelope Valley College in Lancaster. By 1995, he was attending the University of Nebraska at Kearney, where he studied to become a teacher, and played college football for the Lopers. However, Murdoch has stated that his football career ended when surgery to remove a ruptured appendix severed nerve endings in his leg, leaving him with a permanent limp.

Murdoch has worked as a bodyguard for Snoop Dogg.

Murdoch married to his longtime girlfriend Ingrid on January 8, 2024. (https://clerk.clarkcountynv.gov/AcclaimWeb/Marriage/FindMyMarriageRecordSearch)

## Professional wrestling career

### World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE

#### Developmental territories (2006–2008)

After signing a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), Murdoch was assigned to Deep South Wrestling (DSW), a WWE developmental territory, where he worked as G-Rilla, adopting the gimmick of a street thug. He worked in DSW until June 2007, when he was assigned to Florida Championship Wrestling, other WWE develomental territory. Murdoch worked in FCW, wrestling for the FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship against Harry Smith on September 25, but lost via disqualification, but he was released from his contract on February 4, 2008.

#### NXT and alliance with Alberto Del Rio (2010–2011)

After a two year hiatus, in January 2010, Murdoch re-signed with WWE and returned to FCW. While he started with the G-Rilla ringname, he began to use the name of Brodus Clay, a play on Snoop Dogg's real name (Calvin Cordozar Broadus), in May 2010. During the finale of season three of NXT, Clay was named part of the fourth season, with Ted DiBiase and Maryse as his Pros. He made his in-ring debut on NXT on the December 14, 2010, episode, teaming with DiBiase to defeat Byron Saxton and his mentor Chris Masters. During the season, he won a four-way elimination match on the January 25 episode of NXT, earning the right to choose a new Pro, picking Alberto Del Rio. In the season finale, Clay ended the competition in second place, losing to Curtis.

Following his stint in NXT, on the March 7 episode of Raw, Clay debuted as Del Rio's new bodyguard. As Del Rio was feuding with Edge and Christian, Clay faced off with single matches against them and also teamed with Del Rio to face Edge and Christian. Clay accompanied Del Rio to the ring at WrestleMania XXVII for his match with Edge. On the April 25 episode of Raw, Del Rio was drafted to Raw, while Clay remained on SmackDown. Clay's final appearance with Del Rio occurred on May 1 at Extreme Rules, when he interfered on Del Rio's behalf as Del Rio faced Christian in a ladder match for the vacant World Heavyweight Championship. Despite this, Del Rio was unsuccessful in winning the match. After a three-month absence due to the filming of the movie No One Lives, Clay reappeared on the August 4, 2011, episode of Superstars, where he defeated Pat Silva. Over the next few weeks, Clay continued to squash various jobbers on Superstars.

#### The Funkasaurus (2012–2014)

WWE ran vignettes promoting his return to television on the November 7, 2011, episode of Raw. However, Clay's television return was continuously delayed by authority figure John Laurinaitis to be "next week", with this trend continuing all the way into January 2012. Around this time, Clay was informed by management that he would be portraying a dancing face character upon his return. He was hesitant to follow through with their request, but gained the confidence to try it with encouragement from Dusty Rhodes. Clay made his television return on the January 9, 2012, episode of Raw as a face (heroic character) with a fun-loving, funk dancing gimmick, with the nickname "The Funkasaurus" and began using Ernest "The Cat" Miller 's theme song "Somebody Call My Momma". Now accompanied by The Funkadactyls (Naomi and Cameron) and announced as hailing from "Planet Funk", Clay incorporated gyrations and dance moves into his various squash wins on both Raw and SmackDown. Clay made his pay-per-view singles debut at the Royal Rumble on January 29, quickly defeating Drew McIntyre.

At WrestleMania XXVIII, Clay made an on-stage appearance, calling and dancing with Momma Clay. The following night on Raw, Clay started a feud with Dolph Ziggler and Jack Swagger when he saved Santino Marella from them. Clay and Marella beat Ziggler and Swagger on the April 9 episode of Raw. On the April 20 episode of SmackDown, Clay began a brief association with Hornswoggle. At Extreme Rules, Clay defeated Ziggler. By May, Clay was on a 21-match winning streak since adopting the Funkasaurus gimmick.

On the May 28 episode of Raw, Big Show justified his recent heel turn by blaming Clay. Hearing this, Clay then challenged Big Show to a match that night. Before the match could start, Big Show attacked Clay at ringside and brutally assaulted him. On the June 8 episode of SmackDown, Clay was banned by General Manager John Laurinaitis from appearing on Raw "to protect him from Big Show" so he was transferred to SmackDown. Big Show's attack also led Clay to vow to be more aggressive in the ring. At No Way Out, Clay defeated David Otunga in the pre-show match. Later during the pay-per-view, Clay interfered in the main event steel cage match, costing Big Show the match to John Cena and as per the match stipulation, causing the firing of John Laurinaitis. Big Show then made an appearance on the June 22 episode of SmackDown, leading to Clay physically confronting him. With Laurinaitis fired, Clay was allowed to return to Raw from June 25, where he faced Big Show; Big Show defeated Clay to end Clay's 24-match winning streak. Clay then began a feud with Damien Sandow on the July 30 episode of Raw; Sandow attacked Clay when he laughed at a video of Sandow's beatdown at the hands of DX. Clay and Sandow finally faced off on the August 20 episode of Raw, where Sandow won, but he was attacked by Clay after the match. At the Survivor Series pay-per-view, Clay took part in 10 man elimination tag team match alongside Tyson Kidd, Justin Gabriel, Rey Mysterio and Sin Cara, but he was the first man out after being eliminated by Tensai.

In January 2013, Clay competed in the 2013 Royal Rumble match and was eliminated by five men. Tensai was embarrassed after a dance contest, but Clay encouraged him to dance and have fun because "what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas". Tensai, with Clay's encouragement, began using several "silly dance moves". Two days later on WWE Main Event, Clay came out to support Tensai during his match with Titus O'Neil. Following this, Clay and Tensai formed a tag team and went on to defeat established teams such as Primo & Epico, Heath Slater and Jinder Mahal of 3MB and Team Rhodes Scholars (Cody Rhodes and Damien Sandow). On the March 22 episode of SmackDown, Tensai and Clay were defeated by Team Rhodes Scholars after an interference from The Bella Twins. Tensai and Clay announced their official tag-team name "Tons of Funk" on the March 27 episode of Main Event, where they accompanied The Funkadactyls to ring in a losing effort to The Bella Twins. The two teams were originally booked to face each other in an eight-person mixed tag team match on April 7 at WrestleMania 29, but their match was cut due to time constraints. The match instead took place the following night on Raw, where Tons of Funk and The Funkadactyls emerged victorious.

In November 2013, Clay started a storyline where he became angry and jealous of the debuting Xavier Woods, who "borrowed" Clay's music and The Funkadactyls for his entrance. Clay thus began to exhibit more villainous tendencies, such as repeatedly attacking Woods, after he had defeated Woods in a match. At TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, Clay faced Woods' partner, R-Truth and continually assaulted Truth instead of going for a win, so Tensai and the Funkadactyls left in protest and Clay lost the match.

On the next day on Raw, Clay completed his heel turn by abandoning Tensai to lose their tag match and attacking Tensai after the match. Clay found no immediate success, as he went on to lose to Tensai, Woods and Truth in singles matches. On the April 17 episode NXT, Clay would lose by countout against Adrian Neville in a non-title match. His final match was he lost to Adrian Neville for the NXT Champion in no disqualification match. On June 12, 2014, Clay was released by WWE.

### Total Nonstop Action Wrestling / Impact Wrestling (2014–2018)

On September 16, 2014, Murdoch debuted for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Tyrus at TNA's television tapings, aligning himself with Ethan Carter III (EC3). Moments after EC3 introduced him, he had his first wrestling match on the October 15 episode of Impact Wrestling against Shark Boy, which he won. Together they entered the TNA World Tag Team Championship number one contenders tournament, defeating Eric Young and Rockstar Spud in the quarterfinals, only to lose to The Hardy Boyz on the October 29 episode of Impact Wrestling in the semifinals, when Tyrus was pinned by Matt Hardy. At Lockdown, Tyrus defeated Spud and Mark Andrews in a 2-on-1 Six Sides of Steel match. At Joker's Wild 2015, Tyrus and Knux lost to Ethan Carter III and Crazzy Steve. At Hardcore Justice 2015. Tyrus competed in a 12-man Hardcore Gauntlet Battle Royal which was won by James Storm. On May 15, 2015, episode of Impact Wrestling, Tyrus lost to Mr. Anderson. At Slammiversary, Carter and Tyrus defeated Lashley and Mr. Anderson in the co-main event. At World Cup 2015, Tyrus (representing Team EC3) defeated Team Hardy's Gunner and later in the main event Team Hardy defeated Team EC3 in a Six-on-Six Elimination Tag Team match failing to win the world cup. At Turning Point, Tyrus lost to Matt Hardy.

On October 4, 2015, at Bound For Glory, Tyrus won a gauntlet for the gold match to become the number one contender for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. On April 26, 2016 at Sacrifice (2016) Tyrus would get his championship match but lost to Drew Galloway.

At One Night Only: Live!, Tyrus lost to Lashley. At Joker's Wild 2016, Tyrus and Jade defeated Lashley and Gail Kim to qualify for the Gauntlet Battle Royal match later that night where Drew Galloway won the 14-person intergender Joker's Wild gauntlet battle royal. On a June 28, 2016, taping of Impact Wrestling, Tyrus returned as a "fixer" for hire, siding with Grado and Mahabali Shera in a match against The Tribunal and Al Snow. Since then, TNA began airing vignettes for the "fixer" gimmick on Impact Wrestling on weekly basis. At One Night Only: September 2016, Tyrus defeated Crazzy Steve. This was his first singles victory since Bound for Glory. At Against All Odds (aired November 4, 2016), Tyrus defeated Trevor Lee. At Bound for Glory, Tyrus competed in a 10-Man Bound for Gold Gauntlet match which was won by Eli Drake.

Tyrus returned to Impact Wrestling and began aligning himself with Eli Drake. At Joker's Wild 2017, Tyrus and Crazzy Steve lost to Mike Bennett and Braxton Sutter. On January 6, 2017, Tyrus and Eli Drake unsuccessfully challenged The Broken Hardys (Jeff Hardy and Matt Hardy) for the TNA World Tag Team Championships at TNA One Night Only: Live!. On August 18, 2017, the promotion announced that Tyrus was granted his release from his contract. Murdoch explained that he didn't feel comfortable with Jeff Jarrett returning to Impact, since Murdoch decided in the past to stay with TNA and didn't sign a contract with GFW.

At Impact's January 2018 tapings, he returned to defeat his former boss Ethan Carter III after turning on him. However, his return was short-lived when, on April 18, 2018, Tyrus left Impact once again, confirming his release and departure from the company. Murdoch claimed that poor booking decisions involving his character would hurt his reputation, so he left the promotion again.

### Independent circuit (2018)

Tyrus made his debut for Tommy Dreamer 's House of Hardcore at House of Hardcore 52 on December 8, teaming with Robert Strauss to unsuccessfully face David Arquette and RJ City.

### National Wrestling Alliance (2021–2023)

On March 11, 2021, National Wrestling Alliance announced on their social media that Tyrus would make his NWA debut at Back For The Attack defeating Kratos. On the April 20 episode of NWA Powerrr, Tyrus defeated Marshe Rockett and Matt Cross to become number one contender for the NWA World Television Championship. The next week, Tyrus and The Pope fought to a 6-minute time limit draw for the NWA Television Championship. On June 6 at When Our Shadows Fall, Tyrus defeated The Pope in a non-title match. On the August 6 episode of Powerrr, Tyrus defeated The Pope to win the NWA World Television Championship. Tyrus successfully defended his title in his first title defense against BLK Jeez. During his reign, Tyrus successfully defended the NWA World Television Championship against various contenders, such as Jordan Clearwater, Cyon, Jaden Roller, Rodney Mack, Mims and Odinson.

Tyrus unsuccessfully challenged Trevor Murdoch for the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship at NWA 74th Anniversary Show on August 28, 2022. On the September 24, 2022, episode of NWA USA, Tyrus vacated the NWA World Television Championship using the "Lucky 7" rule to challenge Murdoch and Matt Cardona for the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship at NWA Hard Times 3. At the event on November 12, Tyrus pinned Murdoch to win the title, marking his first world championship in his career.

On February 11, 2023, at Nuff Said, Tyrus successfully defended his title in his first title defense against Matt Cardona, with the help from Bully Ray, whom he promised to give a title shot anytime he wanted afterwards. Tyrus, holding the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship belt, was featured in a commercial for Fox News Channel's talk show 'Gutfeld!' during Super Bowl LVII. On April 7 at NWA 312, Tyrus successfully defended the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship against Chris Adonis. On June 3, during night one of the Crockett Cup, Tyrus teamed with Adonis under the name "The Midnight Riders" to compete in the namesake tournament, defeating The Warriors from the Wasteland (Judais and Max the Impaler) in the second round, and The Immortals (Kratos and Odinson) in the quarterfinal but lost to Knox and Murdoch (Mike Knox and Trevor Murdoch) in the semifinal. On the July 11 episode of Powerrr, after EC3 successfully defended the NWA National Heavyweight Championship, he dropped the title in the ring, officially relinquishing it to challenge Tyrus for the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship at NWA 75th Anniversary Show (NWA 75). Over two weeks later, Tyrus requested that the match be made a bullrope match given the history between him and EC3 stemming across Impact Wrestling and WWE. He also proposed the stipulation that he would retire should he lose the match. On August 27, at NWA 75, Tyrus lost the NWA World title Bullrope match to EC3, thus he was forced to retire. After the match, he said his good byes and thanked his family, the NWA and Billy Corgan; and the NWA locker room came out to embrace Tyrus.

## Television commentary career

In November 2016, Fox News host Greg Gutfeld invited Murdoch to appear as a guest commentator on The Greg Gutfeld Show; after Murdoch's first appearance, Gutfeld offered to have him back on the show – using his stage name "Tyrus" – twice a month. He then began making guest appearances on various programs on Fox News Channel, including The Five. Gutfeld has jokingly referred to Tyrus as his "massive sidekick." Subsequently, he became a regular contributor on Fox News host Dana Perino ’s former daytime news show, The Daily Briefing. Since April 2021, Tyrus has been a regular panelist on Gutfeld's relaunched 10 p.m. show, Gutfeld!.

Though a supporter of former President Donald Trump, he did not vote in 2016 and it is unclear whether he did in the subsequent elections.

From 2018 to 2019, he was a co-host of the show Un-PC on Fox News's streaming channel, Fox Nation. In June 2019, he premiered a new Fox Nation show, Nuff Said.

In June 2023, Tyrus hosted the premiere episode of Fox News Saturday Night, where he served as an interim host throughout the year.

In 2024, Tyrus helmed a new series for the streaming platform OutKick entitled Maintaining with Tyrus, debuting on February 1.

### Sexual harassment allegation

In 2019, Un-PC co-host Britt McHenry accused Murdoch of sexual harassment after he allegedly sent her a series of lewd text messages. According to Fox News, the matter was investigated and resolved. However, on December 10, 2019, McHenry filed a sexual harassment suit against Fox News and Murdoch. Subsequently, McHenry claimed that she lost the phone containing text messages she says are central to her claims. In July 2021, she voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit and left the Fox network, apparently as part of a legal settlement.

## Filmography

## Championships and accomplishments

- National Wrestling Alliance NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship (1 time) NWA World Television Championship (1 time)

- NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

- NWA World Television Championship (1 time)

- Pennsylvania Premiere Wrestling PPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

- PPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

- Pro Wrestling Illustrated Ranked No. 58 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2023

- Ranked No. 58 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2023

- Total Nonstop Action Wrestling Bound for Gold (2015)

- Bound for Gold (2015)

- WWE Slammy Award (1 time) Best Dancer of the Year (2012)

- Slammy Award (1 time) Best Dancer of the Year (2012)

- Best Dancer of the Year (2012)

## Books

- Just Tyrus: A Memoir (2022), Post Hill Press

- Nuff Said (2023), Post Hill Press


2018 in Germany

# 2018 in Germany

## Abstract

Events in the year 2018 in Germany.

## Incumbents

- President: Frank-Walter Steinmeier

- Chancellor: Angela Merkel

## Events

### January

- In January 2018, American company Energizer takes control over German company VARTA.

- 9 January - The Church of St. Lambertus in Immerath is demolished.

### February

- 15–25 February - 68th Berlin International Film Festival

- 22 February - Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018

### March

- 7 March - Murder of Keira Gross: 14-year-old Keira Gross is stabbed to death in Berlin.

- 14 March - The Fourth Merkel cabinet led by Angela Merkel is sworn in.

### April

- 12 April - 2018 Hamburg stabbing attack - an immigrant murders his divorced wife and infant.

### May

- 22 or 23 May - 14-year-old German Jewish girl Susanna Feldmann is raped and murdered in Viersen

### June

- 1 June - The state Bavaria pass a Kreuzpflicht Law that requires crosses in all public buildings.

- June: German chemical giant Bayer takeover of American company Monsanto

- 26 June - For the first time the German football team does not reach the knockout stage in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

- 30 June - German company ThyssenKrupp outsources steel production to a new company, with company seat in Amsterdam. The new company is a fusion of ThyysenKrupp steel production and Indian company Tata Steel.

### July

- 1 July - Interior minister Horst Seehofer offers to resign after rejecting Chancellor Angela Merkel's EU migration deal.

### August

- 6–12 August - 2018 European Athletics Championships in Berlin

- 30 August - In the city of Chemnitz, 8,000-strong far right protests are held after a German man is killed by an Iraqi and a Syrian asylum seeker.

### September

- September - Fusion of German companies Kaufhof and Karstadt

- 18 September - Hans-Georg Maaßen the President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution is moved from his role to a role as state secretary in Horst Seehofer ministry. after he caused controversy following the 2018 Chemnitz protests, when Maaßen questioned whether there was any credible evidence for such "hunts", and stated that his security agency had in fact not seen any such evidence.

### October

- 14 October - At least three people die and eight are injured when a small plane crashes into a crowd in Fulda.

- 14 October - After Bavarian state election, 2018 the party CSU forms a new government with party Free Voters of Bavaria.

- 28 October - Hessian state election, 2018

### November

- 2 November - The German state of Hesse scraps the death penalty provision from Hesse's state constitution by popular vote, with 83% of the votes in favor.

- 30 November - German company Jack Wolfskin is sold to American company Callaway Golf Company

- November - German company HSH Nordbank is sold to American private equity companies like Cerberus Capital Management and J.C. Flowers & Co.

### December

- 7 December - Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer succeeds Angela Merkel as the new chairperson of the Christian Democratic Union, one of the major political parties in Germany.

## Deaths

### January

- 2 January - Michael Pfeiffer, professional football player and manager (born 1925)

- 4 January - Philipp Jenninger, politician (born 1932)

- 5 January - Hans Werner Kettenbach, writer (born 1928)

- 10 January - Leopold Ahlsen, writer and playwright (born 1927)

- 12 January - Heinrich von Stietencron, Indologist (born 1933)

- 15 January - Karl-Heinz Kunde, cyclist (born 1938)

- 30 January - Rolf Schafstall, footballer (born 1937)

### February

- 3 February - Rolf Zacher, actor (born 1941)

- 8 February - Verena Butalikakis, politician (born 1955)

- 14 February - Anton Regh, footballer (born 1940)

- 20 February - Herbert Ehrenberg, politician (born 1926)

### March

- 10 March - Ralf Waldmann, German motorcycle racer (born 1966)

- 11 March - Lorenz Dittmann, art historian (born 1928)

- 11 March - Siegfried Rauch, actor (born 1932)

- 11 March - Karl Lehmann, Roman Catholic Cardinal prelate, Bishop of Mainz (born 1936)

- 17 March - Michael Rutschky, German author, Heinrich-Mann-Prize (born 1943)

### April

- 7 April - Peter Grünberg, German physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (born 1939)

- 17 April - Karl Rawer, physicist, specialist in radio wave propagation and the ionosphere (born 1913)

- 19 April - Herbert Pilch, linguist and celtologist (born 1927)

- 25 April - Hans Dresig, Professor for Applied mechanics and Theory of Mechanisms and Machines (born 1937)

- 26 April - Wolfgang Zapf, sociologe (born 1937)

### May

- 1 May - Elmar Altvater, political scientist (born 1938)

- 2 May - Harald Range, German lawyer (born 1948)

- 2 May - Wolfgang Völz, actor (born 1930)

- 17 May - Jürgen Marcus, singer (born 1948)

- 20 May - Dieter Schnebel, composer (born 1930)

- 20 May - Roland Vogt, politician (born 1941)

- 22 May - Daniela Samulski, swimmer (born 1984)

### June

- 9 June - Reinhard Hardegen, German U-boat commander (born 1913)

- 15 June - Enoch zu Guttenberg, conductor (born 1946)

- 18 June - Paul Gratzik, German poet and novelist (born 1935)

- 29 June - Franz Beyer, German musicologist (born 1922)

### July

- 3 July - Karin Eckhold, German actress (born 1938)

- 9 July - Hans Günter Winkler, showjumper (born 1926)

- 14 July - Christa Dichgans, painter (born 1940)

- 24 July - Duke Carl Gregor of Mecklenburg, German nobleman and musician (born 1933)

- 24 July - Walter Hirrlinger, German politician (born 1926)

### August

- 1 August - Rotraut Wisskirchen, biblical archaeologist and academic (b. 1936)

- 23 August - Dieter Thomas Heck, German television moderator (born 1937)

- 26 August - Inge Borkh, German soprano (born 1921)

### September

- 3 September: Klaus Gerwien, German footballer (born 1940) Maria Beig, German author (born 1920)

- Klaus Gerwien, German footballer (born 1940)

- Maria Beig, German author (born 1920)

- 7 September - Hans Oleak, German astrophysicist (born 1930)

- 9 September - Daniel Küblböck, German singer (born 1985)

- September - Rudolf Schieffer, German historian (born 1947)

- 12 September - Hans Kloss, German artist (born 1938)

- 14 September - Walter Remmers, German politician (born 1933)

- 20 September - Conrado Walter, German prelate of Roman Catholic Church in Brazil (born 1923)

- 22 September - Ottokar Runze, German film director (born 1925)

### October

- 1 October - Graciano Rocchigiani, German boxer (born 1963)

- 4 October - Kurt Malangré, German politician (born 1934)

- 4 October - Karl Mildenberger, German boxer (born 1937)

- 11 October - Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (born 1937)

- 16 October - Berthold Leibinger, German entrepreneur (born 1930)

- 16 October - Wilfried Scharnagl, German journalist (born 1938)

- 17 October - Fritz Wittmann, German politician and lawyer (born 1933)

- 22 October - Friedrich Ostermann, German auxiliary bishop of Roman Catholic Church (born 1932)

### November

- 14 November - Rolf Hoppe, German film actor (born 1930)

- 18 November - Klaus Bockisch, German football player (born 1938)

- 20 November - Dietmar Schwager, German football player (born 1940)

- 29 November - Ulrich Leyendecker, German composer (born 1946)

- 30 November - Dagobert Lindlau, German composer (born 1930)

### December

- 1 December - Stefanie Tücking, German radio and television presenter (born 1962)

- 2 December - Lothar Baumgarten, German artist (born 1944)

- 2 December - Bernd Martin, German football player (born 1955)

- 3 December - Markus Beyer, German boxer (born 1971)

- 3 December - Hans-Günther Thalheim, German Germanist and linguist (born 1924)

- 10 December - Johann Georg Reißmüller, German journalist (born 1932)

- 10 December - Robert Spaemann, German philosopher (born 1927)

- 12 December - Wilhelm Genazino, German journalist (born 1943)

- 14 December - Horst Herold, German police officer (born 1923)

- 17 December - Amélie Mummendey, German social psychologist (born 1944)

- 17 December - Jan Stressenreuter, German author (born 1961)

- 20 December - F. W. Bernstein, German poet and cartoonist (born 1938)

- 25 December - Sigi Schmid, German football coach (born 1953)

- 30 December - Edgar Hilsenrath, German writer (born 1926)


# List of contraltos in non-classical music

## Abstract

The contralto singing voice has a vocal range that lies between the F below " middle C " (F) to two Fs above middle C (F) and is the lowest type of female voice. In the lower and upper extremes, some contralto voices can sing from two Bs below middle C (B) to two B ♭ s above middle C (B ♭).

The term contralto was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices, where the classification is based not merely on the singer's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice. For classical and operatic singers, their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization. In classical music, a "pure" contralto is considered the rarest type of female voice. In non-classical music, singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender, not their vocal range. When the terms soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, tenor, baritone, and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices, they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer's perceived vocal range. Contemporarily, the informal term alto is sometimes used interchangeably with contralto.

The following is a list of singers in country, popular music, jazz, and musical theatre who have been described as contraltos.

## Works cited


Stefan Mross

# Stefan Mross

## Abstract

Stefan Mross (born November 26, 1975) is a German trumpeter, singer,and television presenter. He is one of the most famous German folk musicians.

## Early life and education

Stefan Mross was born on November 26, 1975 in Traunstein, Upper Bavaria.

Mross completed his secondary education in his hometown. He took the entrance exam to the Mozarteum in Salzburg, but then concentrated on his musical career.

## Career

Since 2005, Mross has hosted the ARD (SWR) show Immer wieder sonntags live from Europa-Park in Rust. On August 10, 2014, Mross collapsed during a live broadcast of the show after eating a very hot currywurst and had to stop presenting. He was represented by Guido Cantz for the rest of the broadcast.

## Personal life

Mross was married to Stefanie Hertel from 2006 to 2012 and has a daughter with her in 2001. Three months after the couple announced their separation, Karl Moik claimed on December 6, 2011 on the ZDF show Markus Lanz that the partnership between his former Mross and Hertel had been arranged for the media.

Mross was married to production assistant Susanne Schmidt from 2013 to 2016. The marriage produced a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2015. The couple lived in Unterwössen, a municipality in the Traunstein district of Upper Bavaria, until their separation in autumn 2016.

Since December 2016, he has been in a relationship with singer Anna-Carina Woitschack, whom he met on his show Immer wieder sonntags in the summer of 2016. In the show Das Adventsfest der 100.000 Lichter he proposed to her on November 30, 2019. On June 6, 2020, the two got married live on television in the music show Schlagerlovestory.2020 with presenter Florian Silbereisen as witnesses. The couple lived in Windorf near Passau. In November 2022, they announced their separation. Mross has been in a relationship with Eva Luginger since March 2023.


Miss America 1964

# Miss America 1964

## Abstract

Miss America 1964, the 37th Miss America pageant, was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on September 7, 1963 and was broadcast on CBS.

Donna Axum became the first Miss Arkansas to win the crown.

## Results

### Order of announcements

### Awards


Can Seo

# Can Seo

## Abstract

Can Seo is a television series teaching Scottish Gaelic that initially started broadcasting in 1979 on BBC1 Scotland. The television series lasted for 20 weeks. Additionally, a textbook, cassette and vinyl LP were produced to accompany the series. 'Can Seo' means 'Say This' in Scottish Gaelic.


Boogaloo

# Boogaloo

## Abstract

Boogaloo or bugalú (also: shing-a-ling, Latin boogaloo, Latin R&B) is a genre of Latin music and dance which was popular in the United States in the 1960s. Boogaloo originated in New York City mainly by stateside Puerto Ricans with African American music influences. The style was a fusion of popular African American rhythm and blues (R&B) and soul music with mambo and son montuno, with songs in both English and Spanish. The American Bandstand television program introduced the dance and the music to the mainstream American audience. Pete Rodríguez 's " I Like It like That " was a famous boogaloo song.

Except for the name, the dance is unrelated to the boogaloo street dance from Oakland, California and the electric boogaloo, a style of dance which developed decades later under the influence of funk music and hip-hop dance.

## History

In the 1950s and 1960s, African Americans in the United States listened to various styles of music, including jump blues, R&B and doo-wop. Latinos in New York City shared these tastes, but they also listened to genres like mambo or cha cha chá. There was a mixing of Puerto Ricans, Cubans and African Americans and others in clubs, whose bands tried to find common musical ground. Boogaloo was a result of this search, a marriage of many styles including Cuban son montuno, guaguancó, guajira, guaracha, mambo, and American R&B and soul. Styles like doo wop also left a sizable influence, through Tony Pabón (of the Pete Rodríguez Band), Bobby Marín, King Nando, and Johnny Colón.

Boogaloo has been called by Izzy Sanabria "the greatest potential that Cuban rhythms had to really cross over in terms of music".

Though boogaloo did not become mainstream nationwide until later in the decade, two early Top 20 hits came in 1963: Mongo Santamaría 's cover version of the Herbie Hancock 's " Watermelon Man " and Ray Barretto 's "El Watusi". Inspired by these successes, a number of bands began imitating their infectious rhythms (which were Latinized R&B), intense conga rhythms and clever novelty lyrics. Boogaloo was the only Cuban-style rhythm which occasionally acquired English lyrics. Established Cuban-influenced orchestras also recorded the occasional boogaloo, including Tito Rodríguez, Willie Bobo, Tito Puente and arranger, composer Ray Santos and his orchestra, which recorded "Cindy's Boogaloo" in 1968. Most of the other groups were young musicians – some were teenagers – the Latin Souls, the Lat-Teens, the Latinaires, Pucho & His Latin Soul Brothers, and Joe Bataan.

Use of the term boogaloo in referring to a musical style was probably coined in about 1966 by Richie Ray and Bobby Cruz. The biggest boogaloo hit of the 1960s was "Bang Bang" by the Joe Cuba Sextet, which sold over one million copies in 1966. "El Pito" was another hit by this popular combo. Hits by other groups included Johnny Colón's "Boogaloo Blues", Pete Rodríguez's " I Like It like That ", and Héctor Rivera's "At the Party".

The same year as Joe Cuba's pop success, 1966, saw the closing of New York City's Palladium Ballroom, when the venue, the home of big band mambo for years, lost its liquor license. The closing marked the end of mainstream mambo, and boogaloo ruled the Latin charts for several years before salsa began to take over. At the same time, several other rhythmical inventions came to notice: the dengue, the jala-jala and the shing-a-ling were all offshoots of the mambo and chachachá.

The older generation of Latin musicians have been accused of using their influence to repress the young movement, for commercial reasons. There was certainly pressure on booking agents by the established bands. The craze was mostly over by 1970, perhaps because of the hostility of established bands and key booking agents; the reason is uncertain. Almost every major and minor Latin dance artist of the time had recorded at least a few boogaloos on their albums. It had been an intense, if brief, musical movement, and the music is still highly regarded today.

The Latin boogaloo bands were mostly led by young, sometimes even teenage musicians from New York's Puerto Rican community. These included, but weren't limited to, Joe Bataan, Johnny Zamot, Joe Cuba, Bobby Valentín, the Latin Souls, the Lat-Teens, Johnny Colón, and the Latinaires. As such, Latin boogaloo can be seen as "the first Nuyorican music" (René López), and has been called "the greatest potential that (Latinos) had to really cross over in terms of music" (Izzy Sanabria). However, Latino musicians and composers also made a big contribution to doo-wop.

Latin boogaloo also spread throughout the wider Latin music world, especially in Puerto Rico, where top band El Gran Combo released many boogaloos. Latin music scenes in Peru, Colombia, Panama and elsewhere also embraced the boogaloo. Though the dance craze only lasted until 1968/69, Latin boogaloo was popular enough that almost every major and minor Latin dance artist of the time recorded at least a few boogaloos on their albums. That included boogaloos by long-time veteran, mambo-era musicians such as Eddie Palmieri and his "Ay Que Rico" or Tito Puente 's "Hit the Bongo".

The boogaloo faded from popularity by the end of 1969. What caused the fairly rapid end of the boogaloo's reign is in dispute. According to several sources, jealous older Latin music artists colluded with record labels (in particular, Fania Records), radio DJs, and dance hall promoters to blacklist boogaloo bands from venues and radio. This scenario is explored in the 2016 film We Like It Like That, a documentary on the history of Latin boogaloo. Alternatively, it was a fad that had run out of steam. Its demise allowed older musicians to make a comeback on the New York scene. The explosive success of salsa in the early 1970s saw former giants like Puente and the Palmieri Brothers return to the top, while most Latin boogaloo bands went out of business (Joe Bataan being a notable exception).

In the 2000s, Latin boogaloo has seen a resurgence in popularity, with artists like Bataan experiencing renewed interest in their Latin boogaloo output, and new groups emerging to form a Latin boogaloo revival.

In Cali, Colombia, boogaloo, salsa and pachanga are played by disc jockeys like Heynar Alonso and others in FM and AM radio stations and dance clubs.


# 1967 Arizona State Sun Devils football team

## Abstract

The 1967 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) during the 1967 NCAA University Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled an 8–2 record (4–1 against WAC opponents), finished in second place in the WAC, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 350 to 210.

The team's statistical leaders included Ed Roseborough with 1,494 passing yards, Max Anderson with 1,188 rushing yards, and Ken Dyer with 654 receiving yards.

Don Baker, Bill Kajikawa, Larry Kentera, Chuck McBride, Bob Owens, and Jerry Thompson were assistant coaches. Fullback Max Anderson and middle guard Curley Culp were the team captains. The Sun Devils finished 4–2 at home and 4–0 on the road. All home games were played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.

## Schedule

## Game summaries

On September 9, in the season opener at Sun Devil Stadium, Arizona State defeated San Jose State, 27–16. The Sun Devils held San Jose State to -22 rushing yards. "2007 Media Guide, p. 205."

On September 23, following a bye week, the Sun Devils suffered a 27–21 home loss to Oregon State.

On September 30, Arizona State recorded a 42-16 road victory against Wisconsin. It marked the first ever meeting between the Arizona State and Wisconsin football teams. Fullback Max Anderson gained 220 rushing yards on 21 carries for Arizona State. "2007 Media Guide, p. 196."

On October 7, the Sun Devils outlasted Texas-El Paso for a 33–32 home win.

On October 14, Arizona State prevailed for a 56-23 road victory over New Mexico.

On October 21, the Sun Devils beat Washington State 31–20 on the road. Arizona State WS Wes Plummer recorded a 93-yard interception returned for a touchdown. "2007 Media Guide, p. 200."

On October 28, Arizona State fell, 15–13, against Wyoming in Tempe. Fullback Max Anderson set a single game school record with his 99-yard touchdown run for the Sun Devils. "2007 Media Guide, p. 202."

On November 4, the Sun Devils bounced back with a 49-32 road win over Utah.

On November 18, following a second bye week, Arizona State defeated BYU, 31–22, at Sun Devil Stadium.

In the annual Arizona–Arizona State football rivalry game, the Sun Devils closed the season with a dominating 47–7 home victory against Arizona. Larry Walton provided a 90-yard punt return touchdown for ASU. "2007 Media Guide, p. 202."

## Roster

Arizona State's usual offensive lineup included: (WR Richard Mann, LT Larry Langford, LG Jim Kane, C George Hummer, RG Mike Chowaniec, RT Nello Tomarelli, TE Ken Dyer, QB Ed Roseborough, HB Art Malone, FB Max Anderson, & WB J.D. Hill).

Arizona State's usual defensive lineup included: (LE Richard Griffin, LT Bob Rokita, RT Bobby Johnson, RE Dennis Farrell, MG Curley Culp, LLB Dick Egloff, RLB Ron Pritchard, LC Dickie Brown, RC Rick Shaw, SS Paul Ray Powell, & WS Wes Plummer).

Arizona State's usual specialists included: (K Bob Rokita & P Ed Roseborough).

Larry Walton was also on the roster.

## Individual and team statistics

Arizona State's leading rusher was Max Anderson (191 Carries, 1,224 gross yards, 36 yards lost, 1,188 net yards, & 6.2 yard avg). Anderson tied a single season school-record with 5 consecutive 100-yard rushing games.

The Sun Devils' leading passer was Ed Roseborough (95-205, 1,494 yds, 46.3% completion pct., 12 TD, & 18 int).

ASU's leader in scoring was Max Anderson (12 TD & 72 total pts).

The Devils' leading receiver was Ken Dyer (39 receptions, 654 yds, & 4 TD).

Arizona State's leader in interceptions was Wes Plummer (8 int & 161 yds).

The Sun Devils' leader in punting was Ed Roseborough (60 Punts, 2,286 yds, & 38.1 avg)

ASU's leader in kickoff returns was Max Anderson (21 Returns & 372 yds).

The Devils' leader in punt returns was J.D. Hill (22 Returns, 221 yds, & 1 TD).

The Sun Devils set a single season school-record averaging 2.7 interceptions per game.

Arizona State averaged 217.4 rushing yards per game, while allowing 79.8 rushing yards per game.

The Sun Devils averaged 197.4 passing yards per game, while allowing 197.9 passing yards per game.

ASU accumulated 414.8 yards of total offense per game, while allowing 276.8 yards of total offense per game.

The Devils averaged 35.0 points per game, while allowing 21.0 points per game.

Arizona State accumulated 181 first downs offensively, while allowing 141 first downs defensively.

The Sun Devils collected 61 total punts and averaged 37.5 yards, while their opponents recorded 77 total punts and averaged 40.3 yards.

## Awards and honors

Middle guard Curley Culp received first-team All-American honors from The Sporting News and Time magazine. Linebacker Ron Pritchard received honorable mention on the Associated Press ' 1967 All-America team.

Five Sun Devils received first-team honors on the 1967 All- Western Athletic Conference team: Culp, Pritchard, fullback Max Anderson, center George Hummer, and safety Wes Plummer. Five other received second-team All-WAC honors: guard Mike Chowaniec, tight end Ken Dyer, wingback J.D. Hill, cornerback Rick Shaw, and tackle Nello Tomarelli.

Team awards were presented as follows:

- Max Anderson and Curley Culp won the Sun Angel Award.

- Curley Culp won the Mike Bartholomew Award.

- Cecil Abono won the Cecil Abono Captains Award.

- Larry Langford won the Glen Hawkins Sportsmanship Award.

- Dennis Farrell won the Most Improved Award.

Fullback Max Anderson played in the 1967 North–South Shrine Game, the 1968 Coaches All-America Game, and the 1968 Chicago College All-Star Game. Tight end Ken Dyer also played in the 1968 Coaches All-America Game, and middle guard Curley Culp played in the Chicago College All-Star Game.


Goran Stojković

# Goran Stojković

## Abstract

Goran Stojković (Serbian Cyrillic: Горан Стојковић; born 6 December 1983) is a Serbian football defender who plays for Prva Petoletka in Serbian League East.


Boomhauer

# Boomhauer

## Abstract

Jeffrey Dexter Boomhauer III, most commonly referred to by his surname Boomhauer, is a character in the Fox animated series King of the Hill, voiced by series creator Mike Judge, known for his fast-paced and nearly-incomprehensible speech.

## Character overview

Boomhauer is the high school friend and neighbor of the characters Hank Hill, Bill Dauterive, and Dale Gribble. His first name was only spoken in the TV series during the season 13 episode, "Uh-Oh, Canada", when the Canadian woman with whom he'd switched houses for the summer said, "Hello, Jeff. Oh my, it's the fifteenth already?" His driver's license as shown in the series finale reads "Boomhauer, Jeff" and reveals that he is 6'0".

The location of Boomhauer's house is inconsistent during the series. In the series finale, his address is shown on his driver's license as 73 Rainey Street, which would place him on the same side of the alley as Hank, Dale, and Kahn Souphanousinphone. However, in "Uh-oh, Canada", the rear of Boomhauer's house is shown to be across the alley from Dale's house, diagonally across to the right from Hank's back yard, which would place the front door of his house (and its address) on Milton Street, the same street where Bill, Luanne and Lucky live.

Boomhauer's primary pursuits are fast cars and women. He currently drives a 1971 Dodge Coronet Super Bee; in high school, he drove a late-'60s Ford Mustang nicknamed "Ms. Sally", the name being a reference to the classic Wilson Pickett song " Mustang Sally ", until the car was accidentally driven into the Arlen quarry by Dale, Hank, and Bill while playing a prank on him (Dale did not know how to drive a manual car and confused the clutch for the brake pedal).

Boomhauer spends most of his spare time drinking Alamo Beer with Hank, Dale, and Bill in the alley behind Hank's house. While he enjoys his friendship with Hank, he sometimes has limited patience with Dale (whom he sharply refers to as "Gribble") and considers Bill "boring" due to his inferiority complex. Boomhauer favors animal-print bikini briefs, which have been observed a few times in the show when he's appeared without his blue jeans; he tends to overuse cologne, bragging about his Calvin Klein CK1 attracting women "like catnip". Boomhauer is a strict non-smoker who carries a lighter implicitly for emergencies or for lending.

In the episode where Hank, Bill, Dale, and Boomhauer are stuck in the water because they jumped off a boat, Boomhauer states that he dyes his hair (" Hank's on Board "). According to his Texas driver's license, which is seen in the series finale, Boomhauer is 6’0” (183 cm), and 185 lbs., and has hazel eyes. Boomhauer is missing his left pinky toe, due to an accident while he was in the Order of the Straight Arrow (" Straight as an Arrow ").

Boomhauer is apparently highly astute and often gives advice to his friends. He is also a frequent voice of truth, owning up to the wrongdoings of the group despite not always acting appropriately himself. Although, since his speech pattern is not understood by most people, his confessions are almost always ignored. In the episode " A Firefighting We Will Go ", after Hank blames the deceased Chet Elderson for causing the fire station to burn down, Boomhauer points out that Dale was the one who plugged in the malfunctioning Alamo Beer sign. However, the fire chief does not seem to understand him and decides that the blame for the fire will be placed on electrical problems, in order to leave the integrity of Chet Elderson's name intact.

In another episode, he mentions that his mother wanted him to become an electrical engineer. Given the opportunity, Boomhauer will demonstrate that he is, in fact, quite cultured. In " Ceci N'Est Pas Une King of the Hill ", Hank makes remarks about art that deride its modern state, provoking Boomhauer to call him ignorant, going so far as to cite Dadaism and the famed Marcel Duchamp work Fountain. He is the only character who initially understood the meaning behind Kahn's story at Buckley's funeral, and the symbolic meanings of the novel Dinner of Onions in "Full Metal Dust Jacket".

Three of the main characters (Hank, Dale, and Boomhauer) graduated from high school together. Bill did not complete his senior year, having enlisted in the United States Army. Boomhauer was the starting quarterback for the football team, while Hank was a running back, and Bill was an offensive lineman and a fullback. Dale, not being as athletic as his friends, was the towel manager. Dale referred to basketball legend Wilt Chamberlain as Boomhauer's idol in the season 11 episode " serPUNt ". According to Hank, Boomhauer is allergic to macadamia nuts. Boomhauer is the most modern of the four friends; as such, he was first to own a cell phone.

### Occupation

Boomhauer's occupation is unclear throughout the series. Season 13 episode 20, " To Sirloin with Love ", reveals that Boomhauer has a Texas Ranger badge in his wallet. In season 3 episode 7, "Nine Pretty Darn Angry Men", Boomhauer, when asked about his employment during a lawnmower focus group, claims he's "done a lot of different things", and mentions something about receiving a tax-free worker's compensation settlement. It is possible that this was a cover, or that he was in a different line of work prior to becoming a Texas Ranger. In the season 5 episode "Luanne Virgin 2.0", Hank says he is going to borrow Boomhauer's limousine, but it is not explained if Boomhauer uses the limousine as a source of income or not.

### Trademark speech pattern

Boomhauer's speech patterns serve as a recurring theme. He mumbles, usually quite fast, and invariably uses the words "dang ol'" as an all-purpose adjective, sometimes several times in a single sentence. He also uses the phrases "I tell ya what" and "man" frequently. His heavy Southern accent and stuttering delivery sometimes leads to misunderstandings about his mental capacity; it has been made clear that he is an intelligent and sensitive person who expresses that in an inimitable way, such as a memorable occasion where the group's anger at Bill leads to Hank finding out he has the word "Bill" tattooed on his head, and Boomhauer chuckles as he says "life will throw you dang ol' curveball man, like dang ol' Sandy Koufax " (a reference to the legendary Hall of Fame pitcher who was known for the unhittable pitch Boomhauer described). In the fourth-season episode " Naked Ambition ", he was admitted to a mental hospital in downtown Houston after he drifted in on the river in a tube and was found in his Speedo, sunburned, drunk, and dehydrated, while his speech pattern was misinterpreted by a police officer as incoherent babbling. (in this same episode, he is seen painting a self-portrait in a highly accurate rendition of the style of Vincent van Gogh.) All of the regular characters on the show understand most of what he says. In one such instance, when a furious Dale has become involved in a dangerous situation in the episode "Dog Dale Afternoon" and Boomhauer begs him via megaphone to surrender, Dale snaps "Boomhauer, if I ever heard anyone reading a script, that was it."

There is a recurring joke in which Hank occasionally cannot understand Boomhauer due to extenuating circumstances such as the complexity of the vocabulary being used (i.e., " legalese mumbo jumbo"), a bad telephone connection, or an echo. In one Rashomon -style episode, "A Firefighting We Will Go", it is implied that Boomhauer's speech sounds perfectly ordinary for his region in his own memory – contrary to how everyone else hears him – this being cited as "evidence of bidialectism ". Often, the closed caption texts of Boomhauer's mumblings are clearer than his spoken words. An example of a typical line of dialogue:

Yeah man, I tell ya what, man, that dang ol' internet, man, you just go in on there and point and click, talk about w-w-dot-w-com, mean you got the naked chicks on there, man, just go click, click, click, click, click, it's real easy, man.

Boomhauer's speech is satirical of " rednecks " using phrases such as "dang ol'", "dad gum" and "yeah, man talkin' 'bout." Nevertheless, he sings clearly, as evidenced by his rendition of " Blue Moon of Kentucky " in Episode 113 (" The Bluegrass Is Always Greener "); this same episode reveals that he also has a talent for the banjo and the accordion. The singing was done by country star Vince Gill. Mike Judge has stated that the inspiration for Boomhauer's voice came from a message left on his answering machine by an irate viewer of Beavis and Butt-Head (who assumed the show was called Porky’s Butthole) as well as the voice patterns of an acquaintance in Dallas and an Oklahoma City resident reciting directions over the telephone.

The season 1 episode "Hank's Got the Willies" shows Boomhauer and the famously incomprehensible Bob Dylan conversing with one another. In " A Fire Fighting We Will Go ", when a story is presented from Boomhauer's point of view, he speaks clearly while the other characters have his usual speech pattern, indicating that Boomhauer sees his speech as normal and that of his associates as difficult to understand.

Early promotional spots for the series featured clips of Boomhauer speaking, intercut with text that presented the term "Boombonics" in the style of a dictionary entry, as a reference to "Ebonics" (AAVE). The word was broken down into syllables, with proper pronunciation and the definition (see gibberish).

Although he mumbles when speaking English, he is fluent in both Spanish and French.

### Family

Boomhauer has had four relatives that have appeared on the show: his "Meemaw" (a Southern term for grandmother); his father, Dr. Boomhauer; his mother, Mrs. Boomhauer; and his sleazy, womanizer brother, Patch, voiced by Brad Pitt in his only speaking appearance (he appeared again for a split second at Luanne and Lucky's wedding). They live in Florida. Mrs. Boomhauer, Patch, and Meemaw all have the same speaking pattern as Boomhauer. Dr. Boomhauer has not been shown speaking, only through other characters paraphrasing what he may have said. He is the uncle of Patch's son, Patrick Boomhauer.

### Romantic life

Boomhauer's typical romantic life included one-night stands with several young women. Peggy Hill once mentions (likely in jest) his longest relationship was a three-day weekend. Occasionally, he had girlfriends that he dated for more than sex. When a woman breaks up with him in "Dang Ol' Love", he is notably devastated, and apologizes to a number of women he'd similarly hurt. In the episode "Uh-Oh, Canada", Boomhauer moves to Guelph, Ontario, and has a 3-month relationship with a French-Canadian woman.

When demonstrating his abilities as a pick-up artist to Bobby, he was shown to lurk in a discount shoe store and hit on every woman he sees, receiving close to two dozen rejections before getting a single yes, suggesting that his luck with women comes from his persistence and lack of shame rather than any real charm.


Mark Readings


Reefs – Santa Cruz languages

# Reefs – Santa Cruz languages

## Abstract

The Reef Islands – Santa Cruz languages (usually shortened to Reefs – Santa Cruz, abbreviated RSC) are a branch of the Oceanic languages comprising the languages of the Santa Cruz Islands and Reef Islands:

- Äiwoo (also known as Reefs)

- languages of the island of Nendö (Santa Cruz): Nanggu (also known as Engdewu) Natügu Nalögo Noipä (Noipx)

- Nanggu (also known as Engdewu)

- Natügu

- Nalögo

- Noipä (Noipx)

## Background

The debate in Oceanic linguistics dated from the Second International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics in 1978, where two opposing papers were presented. Peter Lincoln argued that the Reefs – Santa Cruz languages were Oceanic, while Stephen Wurm argued that they were Papuan languages.

## Classification

These languages were only definitively classified as part of the Oceanic subgroup of the Austronesian family after a series of papers that refuted the three major arguments for classifying them as either primarily Papuan languages or at least heavily influenced by a Papuan substrate.

- Malcolm Ross and Åshild Næss (2007) demonstrated regular sound correspondences between the reconstructed ancestor Proto-Oceanic and RSC languages. Among other changes, RSC languages are characterized by a pervasive syncope of vowels and truncation of syllables.

- Åshild Næss (2006) showed that the "multiple noun classes" in RSC do not resemble Papuan-style gender systems, but do have parallels in other Oceanic languages of nearby Vanuatu.

- Åshild Næss and Brenda H. Boerger (2008) showed that the complex verbal structures of RSC are derived by normal erosion of verb morphology and grammaticalization of verb serialization commonly found in many Oceanic languages, and thus do not reflect a Papuan substrate.

- William James Lackey and Brenda H. Boerger (2021) revises the reconstruction made by Ross and Næss (2008), and outlines in detail some regular correspondences between RSC and Proto-Oceanic consonants that were overlooked, such as *s > t (and later t > s before /i/). They also conclude that the truncation of syllables in Proto-RSC was primarily driven by stress: words that contained a Proto-Oceanic final consonant, being oxytone, preserved their final syllable; likewise, syncope (word-medially) took place if the word originally ended in a final consonant, or was trisyllabic.

Ross and Næss (2007) offer a retrospective conclusion:


Aliaksandr Anishchanka

# Aliaksandr Anishchanka

## Abstract

Aliaksandr Uladzimiravich Anishchanka (Belarusian: Аляксандр Уладзіміравіч Анішчанка, born 15 April 1979), also known as Aleksandr Vladimirovich Anishchenko (Russian: Александр Владимирович Анищенко), is a Belarusian male weightlifter, competing in the 85 kg category and representing Belarus at international competitions. He participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 85 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships.