inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Cape Fear stars Jessica Lange and it is directed by Martin Scorsese.
B: Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and a remake of the 1962 film of the same name .. Martin Scorsese. Martin Scorsese. Cape Fear. Cape Fear ( 1962 film ). psychological thriller. psychological thriller. remake. remake. 1962 film of the same name. Cape Fear ( 1962 film ). It stars Robert De Niro , Nick Nolte , Jessica Lange , and Juliette Lewis , and features cameos from Gregory Peck , Robert Mitchum , and Martin Balsam , who all appeared in the original film .. Robert De Niro. Robert De Niro. Nick Nolte. Nick Nolte. Jessica Lange. Jessica Lange. Robert Mitchum. Robert Mitchum. Gregory Peck. Gregory Peck. Juliette Lewis. Juliette Lewis. Martin Balsam. Martin Balsam. It was Peck 's final theatrical film .. The film tells the story of a convicted rapist who , using mostly his newfound knowledge of the law and its numerous loopholes , seeks vengeance against a former public defender whom he blames for his 14-year imprisonment due to purposefully faulty defense tactics used during his trial .. public defender. public defender. Cape Fear marks the seventh of eight collaborations between Scorsese and De Niro , the others being Mean Streets -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Taxi Driver -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , New York , New York -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , Raging Bull -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , The King of Comedy -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Goodfellas -LRB- 1990 -RRB- and Casino -LRB- 1995 -RRB- .. Cape Fear. Cape Fear ( 1962 film ). seventh of eight collaborations between Scorsese and De Niro. Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro. Mean Streets. Mean Streets. Taxi Driver. Taxi Driver. Raging Bull. Raging Bull. The King of Comedy. The King of Comedy ( film ). Goodfellas. Goodfellas. Casino. Casino ( film ). The film received positive reviews and received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor -LRB- De Niro -RRB- and Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Lewis -RRB- .. Academy Award. Academy Award. Golden Globe. Golden Globe

targets: related.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
The place was packed but every part of the staff made us feel as if we were the only ones there.

targets: positive.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
Other customers think getting gel nails is good but it is bad for their health.

targets: negative.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Sandy's pet Annie keeps jumping on the couch tracking dirt everywhere. Sandy wants Annie to stop jumping on the couch.

A: Sandy covers the couch in a temporary scent unpleasant to dogs.
B: Sandy pops Annie on the nose when she attempts to jump on the couch.

targets: A.


inputs: A person drops a bottle, a plate, a glass, and a pillow from a balcony. Which object is the least likely to break?

targets: pillow.

dataset: tsi-prost


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes are not known for their intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan are unlikely to allow criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "cannot allow publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Despite "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are shy" about "suggesting innovative ideas" for fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Will religious orthodox groups continue to hamper the intellectual freedom of Islamic economic institutes?

targets: YES.

dataset: tsi-condaqa


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Be poor but have a fulfilling life and complete all of your life goals
B: Be rich and empty inside with no real accomplishments

targets: B.

dataset: tsi-wouldyourather


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX raises PersonY from the dead As a result, PersonX wants take care of PersonY
B: PersonX needs a dead army.

targets: weakener.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: An open outdoor area with a fountain where people are gathered to talk with each other or wait for someone. They are talking politics
B: There are only children in the area.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Fork and plate lie on table. Christopher asked for plate.
B: Christopher did not ask for fork.

targets: entailment.

dataset: tsi-lonli


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Redefine π as 396 mod 7. Q: What is the first digit of π? A:

A:  4
B:  3


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Fred went on a hike by himself. "Halfway through the hike, he saw a moose." The moose started walking towards him. "Terrified, Fred sprinted back." He decided he was too scared to go back into the woods.
B: He stopped going hiking by himself. starts before he saw a moose

targets: not-entailment.

dataset: tsi-tracie


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: I put the butterfly wing on the table and it broke. The it is more likely to refer to The butterfly wing than The table because  it is not in the original picture.There were plenty of other problems with the original drawing.
B: In "I put the butterfly wing on the table and it broke. ", The it is more likely to refer to The butterfly wing than The table because  it is not in the original picture.There were plenty of other problems with the original drawing.

targets: False.

dataset: tsi-winowhy


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: For nonsmokers and with no tar deposit, the probability of lung cancer is 42%. For nonsmokers and with high tar deposit, the probability of lung cancer is 72%. For smokers and with no tar deposit, the probability of lung cancer is 42%. For smokers and with high tar deposit, the probability of lung cancer is 72%. For nonsmokers, the probability of high tar deposit is 31%. For smokers, the probability of high tar deposit is 80%.
B: For smokers, would it be less likely to see lung cancer if the person had been a nonsmoker?

targets: yes.

dataset: tsi-cladder


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "O", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting", "art-writtenart", "building-airport", "building-hospital" or "building-hotel" preceded by ":".
At
11:57PM
on
March
12
,
1928
,
the
dam
catastrophically
failed
,
and
the
resulting
flood
took
the
lives
of
as
many
as
400
people
.

targets:
At:O
11:57PM:O
on:O
March:O
12:O
,:O
1928:O
,:O
the:O
dam:O
catastrophically:O
failed:O
,:O
and:O
the:O
resulting:O
flood:O
took:O
the:O
lives:O
of:O
as:O
many:O
as:O
400:O
people:O
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the restaurant , Keyon said , 'I live in the neighborhood so I am disappointed I wo n't be back here , because it is a convenient location . ' .
B: Keyon liked the restaurant .

targets: not-entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him what he was doing .
B: He received information .

targets: entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: a particular person chose to do a particular thing .
B: that person might or might not have done that thing .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Eliana heard that old programmers never die , they just byte it
B: Eliana did not hear a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: The vatter ticked there.
B: Nothing touched anything else .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Speakers at the congress slammed Mr. Putin for decisions they say are steadily moving Russia back into an authoritarian state .
B: Russia is a geographical/political entity


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: They recently surprised me a larger order .
B: The surprising did not happen


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Two men operate a cement truck in the daytime, wearing white t-shirts and blue jeans, and one of them talking on a mobile phone.
B: Two men operate a cement truck in the daytime, wearing white t-shirts and silver jeans, and one of them talking on a mobile phone.

targets: contradiction.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: He also had four consecutive seasons of having a 0.700 or better winning percentage and remains the Flyers all-time leader in coaching victories.
B: He also had four consecutive seasons of having a 0.700 winning percentage and remains the Flyers all - time leader in coaching victories.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Which country singlehandedly won World War 2?

A: World War 2 was won by the joint efforts of the Allied powers.
B: The U.S. singlehandedly won World War 2.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The government ran with the efficiency of a sputtering engine

A: The government was not efficient at all.
B: The government was very efficient.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". Why did Jesse do this?

A: book a doctors appointment
B: make sure it wasn't infected
C: make sure it wasn't healthy


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The benefactor looked extremely excited.

A: He supported the cause behind his donation.
B: He wanted to maintain his privacy.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: From 1990 to 2010 is a twenty-year span .
B: In the twenty-year span from 1990 to 2010 , the city 's ethnic population more than doubled , increasing from 23.5 percent of residents to 47.2 percent .

targets: SUPPORTS.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". court abused its discretion by imposing sanctions because (1) the case involved an issue of first impression under Florida law regarding whether a trust beneficiary could sue a court appointed trustee, and Rule 11 sanctions are not appropriate to punish an attorney for advancing a legal theory on a question of first impression, (2) the district court failed to resolve all doubts in O’Shaughnessy’s favor, and (3) O’Shaughnessy conducted a reasonable investigation under the circumstances. After a thorough review of the record and consideration of the parties’ briefs, we affirm. The district court did not abuse its substantial discretion in imposing Rule 11 sanctions against O’Shaughnessy. See Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384, 405, 407, 110 S.Ct. 2447, 110 L.Ed.2d 359 (1990) (<HOLDING>). Sanctions are warranted when a party files a

A: holding that a rule 11 sanctions award need only be appropriate thereby according broad discretion to the trial court
B: holding that courts of appeals should review all aspects of the district courts rule 11 determination for abuse of discretion and noting that the district court has broad discretion to impose rule 11 sanctions
C: holding under third circuit law that denial of rule 11 sanctions is reviewed for abuse of discretion
D: recognizing district courts wide range of discretion in setting amount of rule 11 sanctions


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
Hillary Clinton's "What Happened" Book is an upcoming memoir written by Hillary Clinton discussing the contentious 2016 United States presidential election. The book title was widely mocked on Twitter following its announcement in late July 2017. On July 27th, 2017, Hillary Clinton unveiled the title of her upcoming book What Happened, a memoir discussing experiences during her 2016 presidential run against Donald Trump (shown below). [1] That day, Twitter user @Kno tweeted a photoshopped version of the book cover edited to read "What in the Entire Fuck Happened?" (shown below, left). Meanwhile, Twitter user @ColeLedford11 posted a photoshopped picture of the inside of a book with a passage about Clinton getting "3 million more votes than Trump even with his collusion with the Russian government" (shown below, right). Also on July 27th, several Twitter users posted joke names for the book along with the hashtag "#BetterNamesForHillarysBook" [2] (shown below). Meanwhile, The Daily Dot [3] published an article about the online reaction to the book titled "Hillary Clinton’s new book title is getting laughed off of Twitter."

targets: false.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Kane eliminated 44 people in Royal Rumbles, making him the record holder for most cumulative eliminations.
B: Glenn Thomas Jacobs -LRB- born April 26 , 1967 -RRB- , better known by the ring name Kane , is an American professional wrestler , insurance broker , politician and actor .. ring name. ring name. professional wrestler. professional wrestler. insurance broker. insurance broker. politician. politician. actor. actor. He is signed to WWE on the SmackDown brand , where he is currently on a hiatus as he is running for the office of mayor of Knox County , Tennessee .. WWE. WWE. SmackDown. WWE SmackDown. Jacobs began his professional wrestling career on the independent circuit in 1992 .. independent circuit. independent circuit. He wrestled in promotions such as Smoky Mountain Wrestling -LRB- SMW -RRB- and the United States Wrestling Association -LRB- USWA -RRB- before joining the World Wrestling Federation -LRB- now WWE -RRB- in 1995 .. WWE. WWE. promotions. Professional wrestling promotion. Smoky Mountain Wrestling. Smoky Mountain Wrestling. United States Wrestling Association. United States Wrestling Association. Jacobs played various characters until 1997 , when he was repackaged as Kane , the demonic and / or monstrous younger half-brother of The Undertaker , with whom Jacobs would alternatively feud or team as The Brothers of Destruction .. characters. Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Gimmick. The Undertaker. The Undertaker. feud. Feud ( professional wrestling ). team. Tag team. The Brothers of Destruction. The Brothers of Destruction. Following his debut , Kane remained a pivotal component of the company 's Attitude Era of the late 1990s and early 2000s , defeating Stone Cold Steve Austin -- the `` poster boy '' of the era -- for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in his first pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- main event at King of the Ring 1998 .. Attitude Era. Attitude Era. Stone Cold Steve Austin. Stone Cold Steve Austin. WWF World Heavyweight Championship. WWE World Championship. King of the Ring 1998. King of the Ring ( 1998 ). World Heavyweight Championship. World Heavyweight Championship ( WWE ). He has continued to compete in world championship PPV matches through the mid 2010s .. Kane has won 23 total championships during his WWF / E career , including being a three-time world champion -LRB- having held the WWF World Heavyweight Championship , ECW Championship , and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship once each -RRB- and a 12-time world tag team champion , having held the WWF / E -LRB- World -RRB- Tag Team Championship , WCW Tag Team Championship , and WWE Tag Team Championships with various partners .. WWE. WWE. team. Tag team. WWF World Heavyweight Championship. WWE World Championship. championships. Championship ( professional wrestling ). ECW Championship. ECW Championship. World Heavyweight Championship. World Heavyweight Championship ( WWE ). world tag team champion. World tag team championship. WCW Tag Team Championship. WCW Tag Team Championship. WWE Tag Team Championships. WWE Raw Tag Team Championship. He is also a two-time WWE Intercontinental Champion and a 2010 Money in the Bank winner .. WWE. WWE. WWE Intercontinental Champion. List of WWE Intercontinental Champions. 2010 Money in the Bank winner. Money in the Bank ( 2010 ). Kane is the third man to win the WWE Grand Slam .. WWE. WWE. WWE Grand Slam. Grand Slam ( professional wrestling )#WWE Grand Slam Champions. Kane also holds the all-time record of eliminations at Royal Rumble with 44 eliminations .. In 2017 , Jacobs announced his intention to run for the office of mayor of Knox County , Tennessee .

targets: related.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
So, i called 305 needing help with my HID lights.

targets: neutral.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
The purchase coupon was not good

targets: negative.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Barb had been dating her new boyfriend for only a couple of months. Barb wants to call her boyfriend on the phone.

A: Barb calls her boyfriend at work and has to ask for him by name.
B: Barb calls her boyfriend and addresses him by her former boyfriend's name.

targets: A.


inputs: A person is trying to stack boxes, balls, plates, and coins. Which are the hardest to stack?

targets: balls.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes are not known for their intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan are far less inclined to allow criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "cannot allow publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Despite "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are shy" about "suggesting innovative ideas" for fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Are Islamic economic institutes likely produce revolutionary  economic policies and economists in the future?

targets: NO.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Have come from extreme wealth to donate all to a charity that helps millions but you end up in poverty at the end
B: Have come from poverty to make millions and help your friends and family

targets: B.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX gives PersonY's medicine PersonX is seen as sad
B: PersonY is in hospice

targets: strengthener.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: Three people at a library with computers. People researching on the Internet.
B: There is a bunch of Wikipedia pages open on the computer.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Patrick and Katherine are from New Zealand and United Kingdom respectively.
B: Patrick is from New Zealand.

targets: entailment.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". View ÷ as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 56÷7? A:

A:  8
B:  5


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Dina found an ad on the news for a cheap car. So Dina went to the dealership. She soon found out that the it was deceptive. The dealer only gave cheap cars for people with perfect credit. So Dina ditched the dealership.
B: Dina was angry. ends before Dina found an ad for a cheap car

targets: not-entailment.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: Emma did not pass the ball to Janie although she saw that she was open. The she is more likely to refer to Emma than Janie because Janie  pass the ball to Emma  she saw that she was open
B: In "Emma did not pass the ball to Janie although she saw that she was open. ", The she is more likely to refer to Emma than Janie because Janie  pass the ball to Emma  she saw that she was open

targets: True.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: For those who are not xevo, the probability of gyzp is 69%. For those who are xevo, the probability of gyzp is 74%.
B: For those who are xevo, would it be more likely to see gyzp if the individual was not xevo?

targets: no.


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "O", "location-GPE", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting", "art-writtenart", "building-airport" or "building-hospital" preceded by ":".
They
also
are
typically
mixed
with
African
and
European
and
sometimes
,
Asian
ancestry
.

targets:
They:O
also:O
are:O
typically:O
mixed:O
with:O
African:location-GPE
and:O
European:location-GPE
and:O
sometimes:O
,:O
Asian:location-GPE
ancestry:O
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the movie, Gavin said, 'I knew when I saw the film that more great things were to come from this gifted actor.  '.
B: Gavin liked the movie .

targets: entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him what he was doing .
B: Information about what he was doing was transferred .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: someone pointed out that a particular thing happened .
B: that thing happened .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Danna heard that i ' ve been listening to the brandenberg concertos , tom barked
B: Danna heard a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Angela wheezed, 'Ginks eginop .'
B: Something neutral happened .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Lebanese and Palestinian security officials say the blast hit a car carrying Fatah official Medhat Kamal outside the Mieh Mieh refugee camp , near the coastal city of Sidon .
B: Mieh Mieh is an organization


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I see you re still recovering from the accident .
B: The recovering did not happen

targets: not-entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: A chef cuts into a large fowl with a big cleaver while in the kitchen.
B: A chef cuts into a large fowl with a big cleaver while in the prison cell.

targets: contradiction.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Crane World (Spanish: Mundo grúa ) is an 1999 Argentine film, written and directed by Pablo Trapero.
B: Crane World Spanish : : Mundo grúa is an 1999 Argentine film, written by Pablo Trapero.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". How did artists in the 1960s get to be so creative and original?

A: Artists in the 1960s become creative and original by taking drugs.
B: Artists in the 1960s followed different paths to become creative and original.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The odds were as high as the sky.

A: The odds were very low.
B: The odds were very high.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". How would Jan feel as a result?

A: upset
B: happy
C: friendly


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The player caught the ball.

A: Her opponent tried to intercept it.
B: Her teammate threw it to her.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: Partners is the title of Barbra Streisand 's most recent album .
B: Her most recent Columbia Records album , Partners , became her tenth No .

targets: SUPPORTS.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". light as to undermine confidence in the [second jury’s] verdict.” Kyles, 514 U.S. at 435, 115 S.Ct. at 1566. 5 . We agree with the district court that the state habeas court made a scrivener’s error where, at one point, it appears to endorse a conclusion that Ishman's testimony was material. All of the court’s other findings and conclusions cut against this isolated discrepancy. 6 . The district court expressly refused to decide whether the "troubling facts” surrounding the State’s nondisclosure of Ishman’s correct name and location constituted suppression for Brady purposes. 7 . Additionally, this Court has held that a Fourteenth Amendment violation will not lie “if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information...." In re Smith, 142 F.3d 1993) (<HOLDING>). 11 . When asked about the materiality of

A: recognizing the same rule in texas courts
B: recognizing this rule
C: recognizing this texas rule
D: recognizing this as the general rule

targets: C.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
Please sign in with your WRAL.com account to comment on this story. You also will need a Facebook account to comment. Oldest First I think WRAL should be ashamed! How can you just assume this person is a man? What if that is not the pronoun they choose for themselves and here you are all over your story just, "Man", "his", "he".I mean what you've basically done is committed a terroristic act on trans-non-binary people everywhere. You should post a public apology because I'm literally autistic and this makes me want to cry. I'm not even joking right now! I cannot believe how insensitive this story is!If this were California, you'd be in jail right now!! Just when I have a sliver of faith in humanity, I go and read WRAL story comments. Good job being horrible people. That is one creepy looking "guy." So Democrats want their daughters to be okay with going to the restroom with this guy? Where does the story say anything about anyone using a female restroom? So...is it possible for them to assault each other and never trigger an "assault on a female" charge that often coincides with domestic disputes? Oldest First

targets: false.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Zeus is the son of Titans.
B: Architecturally significant requirements -LRB- ASRs -RRB- are those requirements that have a measurable effect on a software system 's architecture .. architecture. Software architecture. requirements. Software requirement. They are a subset of requirements , the subset that affects the architecture of a system in measurably identifiable ways .. architecture. Software architecture. requirements. Software requirement


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
But he reassured me it will be fine as long as I give them my name.

targets: positive.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
I never wanted to go to the hospital, but they saved my life!


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Jon is having dinner with his family and friends to celebrate his year of sobriety. Jon wants to have a good time.

A: Jon orders a fancy dessert as a treat for himself.
B: Jon decides to have just a little sip of wine with his dinner.

targets: A.


inputs: An apple, a microwave, a leaf, and an egg moving at identical speeds each collide with a static hockey puck. Which puck slides the longest distance?

targets: microwave.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes are not known for their intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan are far less inclined to allow criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "cannot allow publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Despite "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are shy" about "suggesting innovative ideas" for fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Could Islamic economic institutes attract diverse students and economists from around the world?

targets: NO.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Choose the unlimited grocery store giftcard
B: Choose the unlimited BestBuy giftcard

targets: B.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX asks friends PersonX then gets yelled at
B: PersonX's friends nod in agreement.

targets: weakener.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: A boy bouncing on a trampoline. A boy bouncing around outside.
B: The indoor gym is for kids only.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Katie has music class after economics class.
B: Music class is before economics class.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Redefine π as 134+512. Q: What is the first digit of π? A:

A:  3
B:  6


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Fred loved tacos. Because of that he decided to start a business. He created a taco tent. Fred was pretty into it. He ended up doing very well too.
B: The customers loved Fred's tacos. starts after Fred be pretty into it

targets: entailment.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: If the con artist has succeeded in fooling Sam, he would have gotten a lot of money. The he is more likely to refer to The con artist than Sam because he did wrong thing and got lost
B: In "If the con artist has succeeded in fooling Sam, he would have gotten a lot of money. ", The he is more likely to refer to The con artist than Sam because he did wrong thing and got lost

targets: False.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: The overall probability of high hospital bill is 44%. The probability of low hospital bill and thick lips is 16%. The probability of high hospital bill and thick lips is 28%.
B: Is the chance of thick lips larger when observing high hospital bill?

targets: yes.


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "other-language", "O", "person-politician", "organization-government/governmentagency", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting" or "art-writtenart" preceded by ":".
Mannerheim
wrote
his
diary
and
notes
in
Swedish
to
conceal
the
fact
that
his
ethnographic
and
scientific
party
was
also
an
elaborate
intelligence
gathering
mission
for
the
Imperial
Russian
army
.

targets:
Mannerheim:person-politician
wrote:O
his:O
diary:O
and:O
notes:O
in:O
Swedish:other-language
to:O
conceal:O
the:O
fact:O
that:O
his:O
ethnographic:O
and:O
scientific:O
party:O
was:O
also:O
an:O
elaborate:O
intelligence:O
gathering:O
mission:O
for:O
the:O
Imperial:organization-government/governmentagency
Russian:organization-government/governmentagency
army:organization-government/governmentagency
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the movie, Aaliyah said, 'I knew when I saw the film that more great things were to come from this gifted actor.  '.
B: Aaliyah did not like the movie .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him what he was doing .
B: I caused the asking .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: someone pointed out that a particular thing happened .
B: that thing didn't happen .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Landon heard that i ' ve been listening to the brandenberg concertos , tom barked
B: Landon did not hear a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Mark passed the argend to the quap.
B: Someone moved from their location .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Authorities say the rebel was a member of the banned Kurdistan Workers Party , or PKK .
B: PKK is a day of the month


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: This enables RAC to manage the associated risk during the life of the transaction both effectively and appropriately .
B: The managing did not happen


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: A little boy looking at the moon through binoculars.
B: A little girl looking at the moon through binoculars.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: As a freelance writer he contributed articles to " The New York Times " The New York Times ", " Harper 's Weekly " and " The Atlantic " among others.
B: As a freelance writer he contributed articles to "The New York Times", "Harper's Weekly" and "The Atlantic" among others.

targets: neutral.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Are there carpets that can fly?

A: No, there are no carpets that can fly.
B: Yes, there are carpets that can fly.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The odds were as high as a hole in the ground.

A: The odds were very high.
B: The odds were very low.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". How would Jordan feel afterwards?

A: angry that they ran far away
B: happy that the pests were gone
C: scared at what might have been


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The woman shivered as she got out the pool.

A: She wrapped herself in a towel.
B: She poured herself some lemonade.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: Slovakia is a software .
B: The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system .

targets: REFUTES.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". is obligated to make concerning the Infuse device, and therefore preempts Schouest’s breach of implied warranty claim. However, the express warranty claim could survive. “Federal law permits, but does not require, manufacturers like [Medtronic] to make warranties, as long as those warranties are truthful and accurate.” Riley, 625 F.Supp.2d at 788. Schouest’s express warranty claim can survive to the extent she seeks to recover based on false warranties that Medtronic voluntarily and falsely made beyond the federally approved warning because “[f]ed-eral law already requires [Medtronic] to ensure that any warranty statements it voluntarily makes are truthful, accurate, not misleading, and consistent with applicable federal and state law.” Id.; see also Houston, 957 F.Supp.2d at 1180-81 (<HOLDING>). While conceptually an express warranty claim

A: holding that a plaintiff is required to identify specific acts of individual defendants  for his claim to survive
B: holding inter alia defendant breached implied warranty of merchantability where an express warranty regarding safety of goods was printed on package and where goods failed to conform to the express warranty
C: recognizing that where a plaintiff failed to perform because of the defendants breach the plaintiff could recover damages caused by the defendants breach
D: holding that breach of express warranty claim could survive preemption because by seeking to impose liability on defendants for voluntarily making misleading warranties outside the label plaintiff is not imposing any requirement different from or additional to what federal law already requires

targets: D.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
I was listening to a Christian radio show awhile back before I was scheduled to go on, and one of the guests before me was talking about the organization he formed to fight back against powerful liberals in the United States and the ideologies they are spending billions of dollars to advance. This man kept talking about how liberalism is a “threat” to Christianity, and how any number of liberal political ideologies are going to somehow damage the faith, though he wasn’t very specific as to how. Similarly, I was watching a video the other day in which the Christian missionary called Islam “the greatest threat to Christianity today.” Really? A threat to what? Make Christianity untrue? So many American Christians, evangelicals in particular, are paralyzed by fear. We talk about how political liberalism or Islam are “threats” to Christianity and make compelling cases for why our brothers and sisters in Christ should devote time, money and other resources to protect Christianity against these threats. Christianity is not threatened by modern political liberalism, any strand of Islam (violent or non-violent) or any other worldview on the entire planet. I tweeted last week: “If you view other religions or worldviews as ‘threats’ to Christianity, I kind of wonder if you know how the story ends.” The idea that something could be a “threat” to Christianity implies that, somehow, Christianity could be put on a sort of “endangered religions” list, or that Christians could become extinct altogether. This is a lie fueled by hearts that have made an idol of power and influence. Christianity, defined by the gospel of Jesus Christ and the implications of that gospel, offers the world what other worldviews cannot. So, Christians who want the best for their communities and the world are right to work for Christianity’s spread around the world. But, particularly among conservative evangelicals in 21st-century America, there seems to be a feeling that Christianity is at risk of extinction. This is not the case. Is Christianity at risk of losing its powerful influence over America? Yes it is (most say it already has). Is Christianity at risk of becoming less and less socially acceptable in America and bordering on being considered “hate”? Yes it is. For some, these two truths are terrifying and are indicative of the impending demise of Christianity. Do not believe this lie. It is right to be concerned for the millions of Christians around the world who are being threatened. This is a reality about which we should be praying regularly. But “threatened Christians” do not make a “threatened Christianity.” Christianity’s existence and well-being is not dependent on how widespread it is accepted in America or the world. Christianity is dependent on the finished work of Christ. Period. This means nothing is a “threat” to Christianity. Plenty of forces—worldviews, political ideologies and more—threaten Christianity’s dominance in America. For some, Christianity’s dominance in America and the Western world is what legitimizes it. It is these people who believe Christianity is threatened. Because it’s true—Christian dominance in America and the West is being overshadowed by other worldviews. Praise God that the Christian faith is not dependent on its 21st-century cultural dominance, but by the dominion of its eternal, glorious God. When you claim that ISIS or the Democrats or whomever else is threatening Christianity, you spit in the face of the God who conquered sin and death because you’re afraid he can’t conquer competing worldviews. Christianity doesn’t have to be the most popular worldview in America to be the right one. Sometimes I think American evangelicals push for the widespread acceptance of Christianity because they want to be “right” more than they want the world to flourish in the grace of God. No terrorist attack, peaceful mosque or Supreme Court justice can knock down the house whose cornerstone is Christ. But it will demolish the house whose cornerstone is cultural favor. Romans 8:35 says, “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword?” Or liberals, or ISIS, or Supreme Court Justices, or car bombs? The foundation of our faith is seated on the throne because his work is finished. He’s not concerned. Why should we be? This article originally appeared here.

targets: true.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Slovakia is not a country.
B: Ablation is removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization , chipping , or other erosive processes .. vaporization. vaporization. erosive. erosion. Examples of ablative materials are described below , and include spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry , ice and snow in glaciology , biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials .. spacecraft. spacecraft. atmospheric reentry. atmospheric reentry. glaciology. glaciology. medicine. medicine. passive fire protection. passive fire protection


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
On a recent CES visit, I was able to procure a reservation for 4 at 10 pm on a Friday night.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
She trusted the facial cream and was happy to use but I saw rashes on her face the next day.

targets: negative.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Brock broke the treadmill when he was working out. Brock wants to obtain another treadmill.

A: Brock just buys another treadmill and gets it shipped ASAP.
B: Brock apologizes to his family and offers to buy another treadmill.


inputs: A person is trying to roll a bottle, an egg, a mirror, and an apple. Which is the hardest to roll?

targets: mirror.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes are not known for their intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan are far less inclined to allow criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "cannot allow publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Despite "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are shy" about "suggesting innovative ideas" for fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Will religious orthodox groups continue to hamper the intellectual freedom of Islamic economic institutes?

targets: YES.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Be dead
B: Be Danish


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX helps PersonY remember As a result, PersonX wants to mend person y's cuts
B: PersonX is afraid of blood.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: A woman singing into a microphone. woman singing to her fans
B: the woman closes the door before continuing


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Dorothy is a writer or an author but not both.
B: Dorothy is both a writer and an author.

targets: contradiction.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". View ÷ as a random digit instead of a mathematical operation. Q: What is the first digit of 22÷2? A:

A:  2
B:  1

targets: A.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Carol went shopping in town and parked in the town center. "When she finished shopping, Carol returned to her car and headed home." "She didn't realize it but a swarm of 20,000 bees followed her." Passerby's alerted the police and experts were called in. Beekeepers said the bees were trying to rescue their queen.
B: The experts caught the bees ends after Passerby 's alert the police


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: The foxes are getting in at night and attacking the chickens. They have gotten very bold. The They is more likely to refer to The foxes than The chickens because animals get attacked are nervous
B: In "The foxes are getting in at night and attacking the chickens. They have gotten very bold. ", The They is more likely to refer to The foxes than The chickens because animals get attacked are nervous


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: Method 1: We look directly at how jyka correlates with kwox in general. Method 2: We look at this correlation case by case according to qwiu.
B: To understand how jyka affects kwox, is it more correct to use the Method 1 than Method 2?

targets: no.


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "O", "person-other", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting", "art-writtenart", "building-airport" or "building-hospital" preceded by ":".
He
married
Nan
(
née
Walters
,
died
December
1998
)
on
19
August
1939
.

targets:
He:O
married:O
Nan:person-other
(:O
née:O
Walters:person-other
,:O
died:O
December:O
1998:O
):O
on:O
19:O
August:O
1939:O
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the restaurant , Averee said , 'I had the mac salad and it was pretty bland so I will not be getting that again . ' .
B: Averee did not like the restaurant .

targets: entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him whether he was going .
B: I transferred information to him about he was going .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: someone pointed out that a particular thing happened .
B: that thing might or might not have happened .

targets: not-entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Austyn heard that ' this looks like the fruit of the blackthorn , ' ' said tom slowly
B: Austyn heard a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Peter demoralized Kevin splompy.
B: Something neutral happened .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Her opponent was billionaire businessman Sebastian Pinera , the candidate of a rightist alliance .
B: Sebastian Pinera is a calendar year


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: If you get caught in traffic and are a couple minutes late they make you re-schedule ... for 6 weeks later .
B: The catching did not happen


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: A little boy climbs a small hill.
B: A big boy climbs a small hill.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: The magazine was forced to change the name, which was already trademarked.
B: The magazine was founded as a free newspaper in 2002 named "The Berliner" but was forced to change the name, which was already trademarked.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Where does the word "butterfly" come from?

A: The word "butterfly" comes from "flutterby".
B: It comes from the Middle English word butterflye, which comes from the Old English word butorfleoge.

targets: B.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The storm caused all the destruction of a blazing inferno.

A: The storm caused terrible devastation.
B: The storm barely did any damage at all.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". What does Carson need to do before this?

A: play some hymns on the organ
B: get the couple to kiss first
C: begin the marriage ceremony

targets: C.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The child was not vaccinated but did not get the disease.

A: He avoided exposure to the disease.
B: He received the vaccine for the disease.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: Chet Atkins produced records for Hank Snow .
B: Atkins spent most of his career at RCA Victor and produced records for Michael Jackson .


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". review of termination cases is ordinarily de novo. See, e.g., In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000). To the extent Garrett’s claim of error rests upon statutory interpretation, however, our review is for correction of errors of law. See In re E.H. III, 578 N.W.2d 243, 245 (Iowa 1998). The provisions of the Iowa ICWA are to be strictly construed and applied. Cf. In re J.W., 498 N.W.2d 417, 421 (Iowa Ct.App.1993). III. Motion to Strike Before attending to the merits of Garrett’s appeal, we must resolve a pending motion. In his further review brief, Garrett attached several exhibits which were not part of the record before the juvenile court. The State moved to strike this additional information. We grant the State’s motion to strike. See In re M.M., 483 N.W.2d 812, 815 (Iowa 1992) (<HOLDING>); see also In re E.A., 552 N.W.2d 135, 138

A: holding appeal of termination is limited to information that is part of the record
B: holding that a district courts review of a  6330d appeal is limited to the administrative record and the parties are not entitled to discovery
C: holding that the courts review is limited to ascertaining whether there is clear error on the face of the record
D: holding that jury instructions attached to an appeal brief were not part of the record


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
US President Donald Trump on Thursday dismissed an upcoming book on his campaign and administration as "full of lies" and invented sources, after unsuccessfully attempting to block its release. “I authorised Zero access to White House (actually turned him down many times) for author of phony book! I never spoke to him for book. Full of lies, misrepresentations and sources that don't exist,” Mr. Trump tweeted in reference to Michael Wolff's “Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House.” “Look at this guy's past and watch what happens to him and Sloppy Steve!” Mr. Trump wrote. It was unclear to whom Mr. Trump was referring, with possibilities including Steve Bannon, his former chief strategist, and Steve Rubin, the president of Henry Holt and Company, which is publishing Wolff's book. The book quotes key Mr. Trump aides, including Mr. Bannon, expressing serious doubt about his fitness for office. Mr. Trump has been enraged by the betrayal by Mr. Bannon — a man who engineered the New York real estate mogul's link to the nationalist far right and helped create a pro-Trump media ecosystem. After Mr. Trump instructed his lawyers to try to block the release of the book, the publishers responded by moving the release date up by four days to Friday.

targets: false.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Chandni stars an Indian film actor.
B: Rishi Kapoor -LRB- born 4 September 1952 -RRB- is an Indian film actor , producer and director known for his works in Hindi cinema .. Indian film. Indian film. Hindi cinema. Hindi cinema. He received the National Film Award for his debut role as a child artist in his father Raj Kapoor 's 1970 film Mera Naam Joker -LRB- 1970 -RRB- .. Raj Kapoor. Raj Kapoor. National Film Award. National Film Award for Best Child Artist. Mera Naam Joker. Mera Naam Joker. Kapoor had his first lead role as an adult , opposite Dimple Kapadia in 1973 with the film Bobby and received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1974 .. Dimple Kapadia. Dimple Kapadia. Bobby. Bobby ( 1973 film ). Filmfare Best Actor Award. Filmfare Best Actor Award. Since then , he played leading roles as the romantic lead in 92 films between 1973 and 2000 , of which 41 were multi-starrer films .. Only 11 of the 51 solo hero films were successful .. For his performance in Do Dooni Chaar , he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor in 2011 and for his role in Kapoor & Sons , he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2017 .. Do Dooni Chaar. Do Dooni Chaar. Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Kapoor & Sons. Kapoor & Sons. Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was honored with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008 .. Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award. Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award. He appeared opposite his future wife Neetu Singh in twelve films from 1973 and 1981 .. Neetu Singh. Neetu Singh

targets: related.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
I took my car in for some serious TLC (i.e.

targets: neutral.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
This takes a really long time to prepare, there's a reason for that though and you should get the martbak manis.

targets: positive.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Carl went to Harvard, his friend Corey who has no degree is visiting him for the weekend. Carl wants to talk about his job.

A: Carl mentions his place of work and asks Corey about his own workplace.
B: Carl mentions his place of work, then says Corey probably has no idea about anything they do because of his intellect.


inputs: A person paints a circle around a book, a microwave, a mountain, and a house. Which circle takes the least amount of paint?

targets: book.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes have become an unlikely place of intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan allow liberal criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "allows the publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Given their "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are bold" about "suggesting innovative ideas" despite fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Are Islamic economic institutes likely produce revolutionary  economic policies and economists in the future?


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Be Hugh Hefner
B: Be Ron Jeremy


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX would make it PersonX is seen as proud
B: PersonX placed first

targets: strengthener.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: Bike riders are racing each other. Bike riders compete in a marathon.
B: The riders have been biking for hours.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Robin, Albert and Annie are from Belgium, Haiti and Singapore respectively.
B: Robin is not from Belgium.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Redefine π as 732. Q: What is the first digit of π? A:

A:  3
B:  7


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Eric loved honey buns. Eric tried to make them. Eric failed at making them. To fix his problem he went to the store. Eric bought more honey buns than he could ever eat.
B: Eric did not eat his homemade honey buns ends after Eric love honey buns

targets: entailment.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: As Ollie carried Tommy up the long winding steps, his legs ached. The his is more likely to refer to Ollie than Tommy because carrying weights causes leg ashes
B: In "As Ollie carried Tommy up the long winding steps, his legs ached. ", The his is more likely to refer to Ollie than Tommy because carrying weights causes leg ashes

targets: True.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: For those who are not rixq, the probability of zuph is 50%. For those who are rixq, the probability of zuph is 5%. For those who are not rixq and are not zuph, the probability of xevu is 40%. For those who are not rixq and are zuph, the probability of xevu is 53%. For those who are rixq and are not zuph, the probability of xevu is 38%. For those who are rixq and are zuph, the probability of xevu is 51%. The overall probability of rixq is 20%.
B: Does rixq negatively affect xevu through zuph?

targets: yes.


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "building-sportsfacility", "O", "location-GPE", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting", "art-writtenart" or "building-airport" preceded by ":".
One
of
the
four
first-class
and
two
international
grounds
in
Vadodara
,
the
IPCL
Sports
Complex
Ground
is
part
of
the
sprawling
IPCL
complex
,
situated
about
10
kilometers
from
the
city
centre
.

targets:
One:O
of:O
the:O
four:O
first-class:O
and:O
two:O
international:O
grounds:O
in:O
Vadodara:location-GPE
,:O
the:O
IPCL:building-sportsfacility
Sports:building-sportsfacility
Complex:building-sportsfacility
Ground:building-sportsfacility
is:O
part:O
of:O
the:O
sprawling:O
IPCL:building-sportsfacility
complex:building-sportsfacility
,:O
situated:O
about:O
10:O
kilometers:O
from:O
the:O
city:O
centre:O
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the restaurant , Andrew said , 'I had the mac salad and it was pretty bland so I will not be getting that again . ' .
B: Andrew liked the restaurant .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him whether he was going .
B: I transferred information .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: a particular person remembered to do a particular thing .
B: that person did that thing .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Brock heard that ' this looks like the fruit of the blackthorn , ' ' said tom slowly
B: Brock did not hear a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Thomas hurried Robert.
B: Someone did not change their thoughts, feelings, or beliefs .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: The sale bested a 20-year record held by a diamond known as the `` Hancock Red `` that fetched just over $ 900,000 per carat in 1987 .
B: `` Hancock Red is an organization


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: After the sentencing one of Robinson 's tearful supporters `` turned to Claudia Vercellotti , a local leader of the Survivors Network for Those Abused by Priests [ SNAP ] , who had helped reopen the case , and told her , ' I hope you rot in hell ! ' ``
B: The reopening happened


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: There is an expensive furniture in the kitchen.
B: There is an expensive furniture in the courtroom.

targets: contradiction.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Rua has also fought at 205 pounds and heavyweight.
B: Rua regularly fought at 185 pounds, but has also fought at 205 pounds and heavyweight.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". What is the best thing for cats to drink?

A: The best thing for cats to drink is water.
B: The best thing for cats to drink is milk.

targets: A.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The storm caused all the destruction of a pillow fight.

A: The storm barely did any damage at all.
B: The storm caused terrible devastation.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". What will Skylar want to do next?

A: show me that she was angry
B: stare at me
C: run away to hide


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". I shot the rubber band.

A: It flung across the room.
B: It stretched.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: More than 290 people tested positive for COVID-19 on the Isle of Man .
B: On 15 April the Department of Health and Social Care announced it had taken over running of one of the island 's major care homes , Abbotswood Care Home , 'for the safety of its residents '   On 18 April Health Minister David Ashford confirmed that there had been two deaths this day in care homes - the first recorded deaths on the island outside of hospital - and that there were 37 confirmed cases at the Abbotswood Care Home   11 people were being treated in hospital and a total of 2,319 test results had been received with 296 testing positive.

targets: SUPPORTS.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". does not mean that Garcia is without remedy for the breach of his plea agreement. “It is well settled that an unqualified promise which is part of a plea arrangement must be honored or else the guilty plea may be withdrawn.” In the instant case, the prosecution promised Garcia an 81-month executed sentence, which did not include a conditional release term, in exchange for his plea of guilty to the charge of attempted first-degree criminal sexual conduct. This unqualified promise is unauthorized by law and therefore, Garcia must be allowed to withdraw from the plea agreement if he so chooses. If he does not so choose, Garcia should be permitted to continue to be bound by the original plea agreement, as amended to include the 10-year conditional release term required by law. We affi ) (<HOLDING>). 9 . 577 N.W.2d 481, 493 (Minn.1998). 10 . Id.

A: holding that defendants may agree to departure from sentencing guidelines in plea bargain
B: holding that defendants diminished capacity while grounds for departure from the guidelines sentencing range is not grounds for departure below the minimum sentence set by congress
C: holding that trial court acted within its authority in rejecting a plea bargain in a capital case
D: holding that only factors specifically prohibited by the sentencing guidelines cannot form the basis for a downward departure


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
Jesus Campos, the Mandalay Bay security guard who alerted police to the Las Vegas shooter, is speaking out for the first time about the violent encounter that left him with gunshot wounds. Jesus opened up to Ellen DeGeneres ... detailing the harrowing moments leading up to him discovering Stephen Paddock on the 32nd floor, just as he was starting to open fire on the crowd of concertgoers below. He thinks a loud slamming door during his routine check of the floor is what tipped off his location to Paddock, who then started shooting into the hallway -- and hit Campos in the leg. Miraculously, Campos says he was still able to somehow get on his radio and tell his team shots had been fired. You can hear his full story on Wednesday's episode of 'Ellen.'


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Midwestern Gothic publishes hamburgers.
B: CISM may be  :. Certified Information Security Manager , a security certification of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association. Certified Information Security Manager. Certified Information Security Manager. Information Systems Audit and Control Association. Information Systems Audit and Control Association. International Military Sports Council -LRB- French  : Conseil International du Sport Militaire -RRB-. International Military Sports Council. International Military Sports Council. Conseil International du Sport Militaire. Conseil International du Sport Militaire. Critical incident stress management. Critical incident stress management. Critical incident stress management. CISM-FM , a radio station in Montreal. CISM-FM. CISM-FM. Montreal. Montreal. -LRB- CISM -RRB- , which conducts biomedical research in priority health areas under a bilateral cooperation programme between the Governments of Mozambique and Spain


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
I was so sick and didn't realize I had 102 temp and pneumonia plus on top of that I was dehydrated.

targets: negative.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
The mac and cheese, served in a cast iron skillet may have been the cheesiest mac and cheese we've ever had (perfect for cheese lovers like us). very tasty


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Julie is preparing for the upcoming school year for her kid James. Julie wants James to be successful.

A: Julie enters James in the minimum number of the easiest classes, so he can easily get A's.
B: Julie puts James in classes that are at a higher level, even if it means more work and lower grades.


inputs: A person is trying to roll a microwave, an egg, a can, and an apple. Which is the hardest to roll?

targets: microwave.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "DON'T KNOW", "NO" or "YES".
A: Islamic economic institutes have become an unlikely place of intellectual freedom, and according to Muhammad Akram Khan allow liberal criticism of the ideas or policies of their founding leaders or governments. The Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, an organ of the Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia, for example, "allows the publication of any work that goes against the orthodox thinking of the influential" Saudi religious leadership. Given their "tall talk about ijtehad", Islamic economists "are bold" about "suggesting innovative ideas" despite fear of antagonizing religious clerics.
B: Could Islamic economic institutes attract diverse students and economists from around the world?

targets: YES.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Most people would rather:

A: Red Option
B: Blue Option

targets: B.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: PersonX decides to start taking lessons As a result, PersonX wants to enroll for lessons
B: PersonX thinks lessons are expensive.

targets: weakener.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "strengthener" or "weakener".
A: A man performs a stoppie trick on his BMX green bicycle with no hands. The man is very talented on his bike.
B: He falls off the bike and gets hurt.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Caroline is callous.
B: Caroline is compassionate.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". View ÷ as a random digit. Q: What is the first digit of 66÷6? A:

A:  1
B:  6


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment" or "not-entailment".
A: Amy went on a road trip to Georgia. She was going to apply for custody of her son. "She arrived in Atlanta, and hurried to the courthouse." She testified that her ex-husband wasn't fit to be a father. The judge granted Amy custody of her son.
B: Amy is not married to her son's father. ends before the judge granted Amy custody

targets: not-entailment.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "False" or "True".
A: Mary tucked her daughter Anne into bed, so that she could work. The she is more likely to refer to Mary than her daughter because Yes, because everything flows according to your destiny
B: In "Mary tucked her daughter Anne into bed, so that she could work. ", The she is more likely to refer to Mary than her daughter because Yes, because everything flows according to your destiny

targets: False.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "no" or "yes".
A: The overall probability of yupt is 77%. For those who are not yupt, the probability of muvq is 66%. For those who are yupt, the probability of muvq is 26%.
B: Is muvq more likely than not muvq overall?

targets: no.


inputs:
With no explanation, label each line with "other-award", "O", "person-athlete", "art-broadcastprogram", "art-film", "art-music", "art-other", "art-painting", "art-writtenart" or "building-airport" preceded by ":".
Hagi
was
nominated
six
times
for
the
Ballon
d'Or
,
his
best
performance
being
a
4th
place
in
1994
.

targets:
Hagi:person-athlete
was:O
nominated:O
six:O
times:O
for:O
the:O
Ballon:other-award
d'Or:other-award
,:O
his:O
best:O
performance:O
being:O
a:O
4th:O
place:O
in:O
1994:O
.:O


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: When asked about the movie, Jivan said, 'The sets are so bad, they wouldn't look out of place on a Thunderbirds episode.  '.
B: Jivan did not like the movie .

targets: entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: I asked him whether he was going .
B: He received information .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: a particular person remembered to do a particular thing .
B: that person didn't do that thing .

targets: not-entailed.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Meera heard that my coach got stung by a bee . the next day he had hives
B: Meera heard a pun


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Justin cackled to Eric.
B: Someone or something did not change physically .


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: Russia 's ambassador to the United Nations , Andrey Denisov , told a U.N. ministerial meeting focusing on the fight against poverty Tuesday that Moscow wants to underline its general support to the Group of Eight industrial nations .
B: United Nations , Andrey Denisov is a month


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not-entailed" or "entailed".
A: If you 're adventurous you can take a bus or water taxi to My Tho ( near where we live ) or Can Tho .
B: The taking happened


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: Two children are in a sack race while a third child watches.
B: Two children are in a sack race while a 5th child watches.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "entailment", "neutral" or "contradiction".
A: In modern times, it is still legal in a limited number of countries.
B: In modern times, it is banned in many nations, but is still legal in a limited number of countries.

targets: neutral.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Do people in California work more days in a year than we used to?

A: Yes, working days have increased over time.
B: No, work days have consistently declined over time.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The lion has the confidence of Barney Fife.

A: The lion is self assured.
B: The lion is a coward.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B" or "C". Why did Aubrey do this?

A: go to sleep
B: ad to her car
C: so Quinn wouldn't be late

targets: C.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". The crowd gave the band a standing ovation.

A: The band reappeared on the stage.
B: The band signed autographs.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "NOT ENOUGH INFO", "REFUTES" or "SUPPORTS".
A: Four Lions was scheduled by Australian television SBS to air the Saturday after the Boston Marathon bombing but was cancelled .
B: Following the 2013 bombing at the Boston Marathon , airings of Four Lions originally planned by Australian television SBS and British television Film4 for the following Saturday and Monday were cancelled in light of similaritie


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". methodology should be assessed by the trial court as part of its gatekeeper role or instead by the jury in determining the weight to give expert testimony. Courts and commentators have continued to suggest different approaches to the issue. See, e.g., United States v. McCluskey, 954 F.Supp.2d 1224, 1243-55 (D.N.M.2013) (discussing cases); 29 Charles Alan Wright & Victor James Gold, Federal Practice & Procedure § 6266 (1st ed.2014) (distinguishing between “broad” and “narrow” views regarding the scope of the gatekeeping inquiry). ¶ 13 Rule 702(d), however, recognizes that a trial court must consider whether an expert reliably applied the pertinent methodology when expert testimony concerns the facts of a particular case. Cf. Solazar-Mercado, 234 Ariz. at 593 ¶¶ 10-11, 325 P.3d at 999 (<HOLDING>). Thus, the rule by its terms forecloses the

A: holding that an expert witnesss testimony on an ultimate issue was admissible recognizing that the expert did not specifically testify that the defendant was guilty or that as a matter of law the facts satisfied the applicable legal standard
B: holding future dangerousness expert testimony to be admissible
C: holding that expert testimony may be admissible even if not generally accepted in the relevant scientific community provided that it qualifies in some other way as reliable under federal rule of evidence 702
D: holding that cold expert testimony not based on the facts of a ease may be admissible if it satisfies rule 702ac

targets: D.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "false" or "true".
Politicians are trying to deceive you. Modern (American) politics is essentially a game in which politicians say and do whatever they possibly can to persuade people that they are an ideal leader deserving of a vote. But you already know that. Hopefully. Most of us are pretty cynical about politics and straight-up expect politicians to lie to us. We understand that posturing, over-promising, tricky rhetoric, and psychological manipulation are par for the course in the political arena. Interestingly, though, I’ve been hearing some claims regarding the current presidential race that contradict the typical cynicism with which most people view political candidates. Specifically, I’ve heard many people expressing the belief that Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders are refreshingly different from typical political candidates. Why? Because they say what they really feel and think, supposedly. They aren’t just talking heads. They’re real people who will let their real views and ideas be known, for better or worse. That might be true, to some extent. Trump and Sanders might be more authentic than most politicians (which wouldn’t take much). It’s almost impossible to say. But even if they are, make no mistake: They are still playing the game like everyone else. I’m not saying anything about their merits as candidates or people, and I’m not making any kind of moral judgment. I’m just saying that they too are posturing, over-promising, and employing tricky rhetoric and psychological tactics to win over their audiences. Don’t think for a second that they’re not. No one would have a prayer of winning a presidential race without doing those things. But people are viewing them as utterly genuine. People are taking them at face value. Sanders has this effect on people because he’s so fiercely passionate about the issues. I actually believe he sincerely cares about the things he wants to change, and so he exudes an earnestness while speaking that captivates many people, especially people in my generation. Nonetheless, I assure you that Sanders is self-aware of his grandiose, fiery style and his calls for revolution. He knows he’s over-promising, and he’s consciously trying to create a tsunami of unrealistically high hope for a better world and ride that wave into the White House, like Obama did. It’s a good strategy, though if he gets elected, many people will probably be upset when the revolution doesn’t arrive, when the billionaire class continues to exist, and when big money continues to influence politics.¹ Trump, on the other hand, is perceived as honest because he says and does so many ludicrous things, compared to traditional candidates. Trump’s behavior is so ridiculous that people can’t fathom that most of it could be an act, a strategy, a role he’s learned to play. But it is. And whereas Bernie is trying to ride a wave of hope into the White House, Trump is trying to ride a wave of fear and anger. Trump’s appeal is downright frightening because we are at a rather precarious moment in the history of the United States and the history of the world. The planet is filled with nuclear warheads; environmental crises are occurring/looming; the largest refugee crisis since World War II is taking place. The 21st century is a time in which the countries of the world need more than ever to cooperate with one another, consider a global perspective, and devise strategies that will make the human enterprise sustainable through the 21st century and hopefully far beyond. But Trump isn’t much of a cooperator. He’s explicitly stated that he wants to build a wall around much of the United States, and he’s made comments that reveal a frighteningly uncritical and violent approach to international relations (on ISIS: “I would bomb the shit out of ’em,” and “ … you have to take out their families.”). From my vantage point, a leader like Trump is more likely to help bring about World War III than a more sustainable, equitable, and unified human enterprise.² Many people don’t see it this way, though. Many believe that Trump’s aggressive and America-centric approach to politics will be our saving grace. This may have something to do with the hypothesized psychological divide between people who lean Left versus people who lean Right. Some fascinating studies have suggested that there are neurobiological differences between liberals and conservatives. One study found, for instance, that conservatives tend to respond to threatening situations with more aggression than liberals. If one wanted to appeal to conservative-minded people, it follows then that one could paint a picture of the world as One Giant Threat to America and propose an extremely aggressive plan to ameliorate the situation. As we’ll see, Donald Trump is a master of this persuasive tactic. He’s a master of a number of other tactics as well, and the cumulative effect of these tactics is that he’s gone from being considered a joke candidate to having a decent chance of becoming the next leader of one of the most powerful countries in the world. Let’s take a closer look at the various tactics Trump has used to climb into his present position. The following points were gathered primarily from two YouTube videos³ created by Charlie Houpert, which provide an excellent analysis of Trump’s various psychological strategies. You’ll find the videos embedded at the bottom of this article, if you’d like to watch them, but that isn’t necessary, as I’ll thoroughly summarize the 12 strategies they discuss. Trump has said, “You’re going to have more World Trade Centers. It’s going to get worse and worse, folks,” and “When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending their best. They’re bringing drugs; they’re bringing crime; they’re rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.” These are blatant instances of fear-mongering. Trump deliberately hones in on frightening statistical rarities — terrorist attacks against the US and immigrants who are dangerous rapists — and acts like they’ve become the norm. Violence has actually declined over recent decades and centuries, but Trump makes it seem like the opposite has happened. Why does he do this? Charlie Houpert, the creator of the videos I mentioned, explains it well: “Fear is an incredibly powerful emotion. It captures our attention like no other emotion can. We focus intensely on the thing that is giving us that fear. Secondly, it shuts down higher thinking. When we’re terrified by a bump in the night, we don’t focus on the probability that it’s just the wind. Our critical thinking skills dip as we focus solely on protecting ourselves. Thirdly, it feels crappy, so the fastest way to get out of fear and move toward a powerful emotion is to move into anger.” Major news outlets portray the world as a terrifying place because doing so captures people’s attention. Trump is doing the same thing. Fear ensnares our attention like nothing else can, while simultaneously short-circuiting our higher cognitive functioning. This is unsettling because our natural response to fear is to escape or destroy whatever is threatening us as quickly as possible. It is quite natural for humans to cope with fear by becoming angry and aggressive. Trump fuels this fire of fear-driven rage and hostility as much as he possibly can and directs it toward non-American outgroups. He says things like “China is taking our jobs; they’re taking our money,” and “Syrians are now being caught at the Southern border; we don’t know who they are; could be ISIS.” He sets up false dichotomies between the interests of Americans and the interests of other humans of the world, such that if you disagree with him, you appear to be anti-American. This leaves many credulous viewers with one obvious response: to be an angry, aggressive, Trump-supporting American who views the rest of the world with suspicion and aggression! This potent combination of fear-, anger-, and aggression-mongering then sets Trump up for one of his most effective lies: that he is the only big, strong man tough enough to do what needs to be done to kick everyone else’s ass and “make America great again.” Trump makes unrealistic claims such as “No one else will keep you safe,” and “No one is going to mess with us.” He presents himself as the most dominant and strongest-willed candidate — the only candidate capable of returning the US to its rightful position as Imminent, Dominant Global Superpower. But again, do we need America to dominate other countries/entities at this point in history? It’s likely that some amount of military action is advisable, as certain groups (e.g. ISIS) are committing brutal crimes against innocent people. However, if one looks at the bigger picture, it becomes clear that cooperation rather than conflict must become the rule in the human enterprise, if the human species is to persist into the deep future. On a planet now laced with nuclear warheads, unbounded aggression is no longer an option. And in a biosphere facing various environmental crises, our species must recognize the collective goal of devising sustainable systems to avert catastrophe. But, as I mentioned earlier, research has suggested that conservative-minded people respond more aggressively to threatening situations than liberal-minded people. Instinctively aggressive people respond favorably to Trump’s call for a return to an Ultra-Dominant America. That some people are more instinctively aggressive than others is not a “bad” thing. Clearly, this arrangement was beneficial in our primal past, or we would not have evolved this way. However, we don’t live in the world of our distant ancestors anymore. We live in a world in which excessive aggression/conflict is a potential threat to the entire biosphere and all sentient life. Thus, we need leaders who are capable of taking calculated aggressive measures after a thorough analysis of all available courses of action, not leaders whose default response to problematic circumstances is to use hyper-aggressive military force, as Trump wishes to do. The world is a damn complex and ambiguous place, but admitting this reality is not a good political strategy. It’s much more effective to paint the world as a simple place where things are either X or not-X. To do so is to commit the ‘false dilemma’ fallacy. A quintessential example is a much-cited statement made by George W. Bush in 2001: “Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.” It comforts people to tell them that things must be either this or that because it makes them feel that they understand the insanely complex bramble of global affairs that no individual human actually understands en toto. Trump is brilliant at reducing the complexity of the world to black-and-white narratives. One of his favorites is the narrative of Winners vs Losers. In Trump’s story, America has been unambiguously losing in recent memory; America is becoming a perma-loser before our eyes, and we’re just getting used to it. Of course, with Trump as president, America is going to start winning again in all regards. “We’re going to start winning so much that you’re going to get used to winning instead of getting used to losing,” he has said. Does it even make sense to conceive of individual countries as “winners” or “losers” in a world where the future of our entire species and all life on Earth is potentially at stake? Probably not. Yet Trump’s black-and-white narrative appeals to our desire for simple, digestible stories and our American hyper-competitiveness. And again, when people are afraid and angry, they are primed to accept whatever convenient narrative promises to allow them to escape their fear, and thus the absurdly vague and reductive America is Going to Start Winning So Much Again That We’ll Have Nothing to Worry About story begins to seem quite alluring indeed. One downside of portraying yourself as the Big Strong Man is that there will still always be situations in which someone gets the best of you, making you appear foolish or weak. Donald Trump has found himself in this situation on a number of occasions. One of the most notable was a situation in which Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly confronted Trump about past comments in which Trump had called women he disliked “fat pigs, dogs, slobs, and disgusting animals.” This question was a potential landmine for Trump, but he interrupted Megyn Kelly halfway through her question by saying, “Only Rosie O’Donnell.” This comment caused an uproar of laughter in the audience and all but derailed the inquiry into Trump’s juvenile and dehumanizing remarks. Trump has perfected this strategy of deflecting potential threats through the use of humor. As Charlie Houpert put it: “So that is the power of laughter. It is a pattern interrupt[ion]. You can’t stay booing and upset and angry when somebody makes you uncontrollably laugh. It also makes you more receptive to whatever comes next that somebody has to say because they’ve already started to lead you emotionally. So what Donald Trump is doing is using laughter to take control of situations where he’s starting to lose control. And what that does for him is it effectively helps him dodge any points that you make against him because he can almost erase them with a laughing crowd.“ Humor isn’t Trump’s only strategy for avoiding discussion of some of the more contentious issues in his record. Another favorite strategy of his is to simply act superior to all opponents and criticisms. In one of the GOP debates, Jeb Bush attempted to point out that Donald Trump had completely changed his stance on ISIS in a matter of two months. As Jeb was saying this, Trump didn’t even pay him the courtesy of looking in his direction. Instead, he looked only at the audience with an expression of disbelief and disgust that said, “Who is this guy?” This maneuver indicates to the audience that Bush’s attack is ridiculous, laughable, not even worthy of attention, allowing Trump to bypass any sort of rational discussion. By contrast, when Trump attacked Bush, Bush looked directly at Trump with an expression of distress and disconcertedness, playing perfectly into Trump’s game. Jeb appeared to be something of a confused and insecure novice looking to Big Daddy Trump for answers. This point is related to the previous two, but it deserves emphasis. Trump’s power plays — whether making jokes in the face of criticism or acting superior to other candidates — are all aimed at making him appear as the leader of a game in which everyone else is merely a player. In social dynamics, this is referred to as “frame control.” Trump frames every interaction as if he is unquestionably superior to those around him, as if everyone else is in his world. When it comes to politics, whichever politician has the strongest and most unflinching frame will make that frame a perceived reality. And Trump is very good at unflinchingly selling his frame. As a billionaire, thick-skinned businessman, he’s been practicing this tactic for decades. Combine this with his fear-mongering, anger-mongering, and presenting himself as the One Great Strong Solution to Loser America, and you’ve got a potent combination of factors coming together to make Donald Trump appear to be an untouchable, iron-willed leader in comparison to his opponents. Another of Trump’s favorite tactics (and another form of frame control) is to trap other candidates in double-bind situations. Essentially, this means that he puts them in positions where it doesn’t matter what they say or how they react to him — however they respond, he will come out looking better and they will come out looking worse. Charlie Houpert cites the example of Trump taunting Jeb Bush about having low energy during one of the GOP debates. Trump says, “I know you’re trying to build up your energy, Jeb, but it’s not working.” In the face of such a statement, Jeb Bush has two options: to try to ratchet his energy up or keep it where it is/take it down a notch. If he chooses the former, he appears to be reacting to Trump, making Trump look like he’s in control. If he chooses the latter, he remains low-energy and Trump can just steamroll him throughout the debate. It’s a lose-lose situation for Jeb Bush, and this is the power of a double-bind. Donald Trump repeats emotionally provocative words like “strong” and “win” over and over and over. The second of Charlie Houpert’s videos shows one absurd clip in which Trump manages to say the word “win” 12 times in about 15 seconds. This tactic subtly conditions people to associate strength and victory with the Trump campaign. You might think that this tactic is silly or would only be effective on unintelligent people, but you’d be wrong. There’s a reason large companies pour millions of dollars into ad campaigns with catchy taglines and jingles: through sheer repetition, certain associations become embedded in the mind, if only on an unconscious level. Watch the documentary Century of the Self sometime if you don’t believe me. Trump loves to hammer social proof. He repeats over and over and over that he’s ahead in the polls or that people agree he won a particular debate. As social creatures, we have a distinct and sometimes malignant tendency to do and believe whatever we think everyone else is doing and believing. Trump understands the importance of this fact, and so at every turn, he acts as if he has an army of people behind him. Trump is also very careful to avoid negative social proof. For instance, at one point Trump appeared on the O’Reilly Factor, and Bill O’Reilly suggested that people had seen Trump as a “buffoon” when he first announced his campaign. Trump outright rejected this statement, acted as if it was outrageous, and assured the audience that people did not feel that way. He was very deliberate and forceful about this because he knows that what people think other people think is one of the most potent forces driving human belief and behavior. His decades in business almost certainly ingrained that lesson into his mind. Trump loves to assert that authority figures approve of him and disapprove of other candidates. The second video of Charlie Houpert’s cites Trump saying, “Larry Kudlow likes my tax plan,” and “Experts wonder if Cruz can run the US because he was born in Canada.” Trump understands that especially in our uncertain postmodern world with its endless sources of competing information, people look to experts to form their opinions. There is also a cognitive bias known as the Asch effect that is relevant here. From Wikipedia: “In repeated and modified instances of the Asch conformity experiments, it was found that high-status individuals create a stronger likelihood of a subject agreeing with an obviously false conclusion, despite the subject normally being able to clearly see that the answer was incorrect. So not only do we tend to feel pressure to conform with the herd, but we also feel pressure to agree with high-status individuals. Here’s an off-the-cuff armchair-evolutionary-psych explanation for this phenomenon: When our ancestors lived as bands of hunter-gatherers, it was beneficial to have an extraordinary level of cohesion of belief and action in a given tribe; it was often a matter of life or death. Thus, tribes in which people unquestioningly accepted the worldview passed on by wise elders and readily conformed to the herd mentality would be more likely to survive. Anyway, for whatever reason, we’re much more likely to believe something if an authority figure or expert tells us it’s true. Trump understands this and takes advantage of it at every turn. This might come as a surprise, but humans actually suck at making rational decisions and are much more likely to make emotion-driven decisions. This is a great thing a lot of the time because in many areas of life, our emotions and feelings are excellent indicators of an appropriate course of action. But when it comes to choosing the leader of one of the most powerful countries in the world, it might be a bad idea to vote for a guy because his smile gives you the warm fuzzies. Unfortunately, it’s damn difficult for humans to use rationality, especially if they haven’t been trained to think critically or haven’t researched the various cognitive biases that result in inaccurate thinking. Donald Trump knows that most people make their decisions on the basis of emotion rather than reason. He also knows that there are certain methods of manipulating people’s emotions to get them to do what you want. Most all of the items on this list — from fear-/anger-mongering and deflection via humor to repetition, social proof, and appeal to authority — are effective methods of making people feel very confident about a position, despite the fact that they haven’t considered any statistical evidence or rational arguments. Donald Trump understands this, and that’s why you’ll never see him engaging in a rational discussion of the issues or of the criticisms levied against him. When challenged to do so, Trump will deflect via humor, appeal to vague authorities or social proof, or utilize some sort of half-relevant anecdote to appeal to emotion and distract from his shortcomings. As I said before, Donald Trump isn’t the only one playing the manipulation game. Other candidates also understand that people are emotional creatures, and any candidate who wants to have a chance of winning must use some or all of these tactics. Such is the nature of American democracy in 2016. What’s frightening about Trump is that he’s so damn good at playing this game. He’s spent decades learning the subtle art of being a dominant social presence and persuading people to do what he wants them to do. His actual values and ideas could be egregiously ill-conceived. Hell, they could be a recipe for World War III. But because he’s such a talented hypnotist politician, his actual values and ideas don’t matter that much. If he wins the race, it will be because he effectively encouraged and harnessed the fear, anger, and emotion-driven decision-making of a large portion of the American public. Personally, I would prefer not to find out what happens to America after electing one of the most effective fear- and anger-mongers since, uh, Adolf Hitler. I would prefer not to find out if a man who has spent the last 30 years plastering his name on everything he could put his name on gives two shits about the interests of most Americans. I would prefer not to find out if a businessman with no political experience is prepared to approach the challenges of the presidency with wisdom and acumen. I would prefer not to find out if Trump’s hard-ass, violence-friendly approach to political problems is as dangerous for planet Earth as I think it is. If you found this article educational or important in any way, please pass it on to your friends. 1. Don’t get me wrong: I like Bernie and would likely vote for him if he were to get the nomination. All I’m saying is that he’s playing the game too, and that in reality, he had no choice but to play the game if he wanted to have any chance of winning. 2. One could also argue that an extremely passive or pacifistic US President could inadvertently cause a World-War-III situation by failing to take action to neutralize dangerous groups or leaders who are gaining power. Some argue that this is essentially what happened pre-World War II. My view is that we need leaders who are capable of taking aggressive measures after a thorough analysis of all available courses of action, not leaders whose default response to problematic circumstances is to use hyper-aggressive military force. 3. The two outstanding videos that inspired this post and provided many of the insights: Start your journey now

targets: true.


inputs:
With no explanation, label A→B with either "not_related" or "related".
A: Debbie Reynolds was nominated for an Oscar.
B: is a railway station on the Chuo Main Line of East Japan Railway Company in Otsuki , Yamanashi Prefecture , Japan .. Otsuki. Otsuki, Yamanashi. Yamanashi. Yamanashi Prefecture. East Japan Railway Company. East Japan Railway Company. railway station. railway station. Chuo Main Line. Chuo Main Line. Yamanashi Prefecture. Yamanashi Prefecture. Japan. Japan. The station is 85.3 rail kilometers from Tokyo Station .. Tokyo Station. Tokyo Station


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
The groomers name was Michael on both occasions.


inputs:
With no explanation, label the following with either "negative", "neutral" or "positive".
All of their own home made drinks tasted bad.


inputs:
With no explanation, chose the best option from "A" or "B". Rover was planning to walk around his neighborhood on Sunday while his dog Max lie in the corner. Rover wants to go on the planned walk.

A: Rover takes the walk by himself and leaves Max at home.
B: Rover takes Max on the walk with him around the nieghborhood.


inputs: A person drops a ball, a shirt, a bottle, and a pillow from a balcony. Which object is the most likely to break?

targets: bottle.