History.

A first chapel dedicated All Saints was erected at the new residence of the Ascanian duke Rudolf I of Saxe-Wittenberg from about 1340. Consecrated on 6 May 1346, Rudolf subordinated his foundation to the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See. With further donations made by his successor Duke Rudolf II, it was determined the Wittenberg main church by Pope Boniface IX in 1400.

Foundation.

When in the late 15th century the Wettin prince Frederick III the Wise, elector of Saxony from 1486, had the former Ascanian fortress rebuilt, a new All Saints' Church was designed by the architect Conrad Pflüger (c. 1450 – 1506/07) and erected between 1490 and 1511 in the Late Gothic style. Consecrated on 17 January 1503, it became part of Frederick's electoral castle or "Residenzschloss", also called "". Extensive furnishings by Tilman Riemenschneider, Jacopo de' Barbari, and Albrecht Dürer contributed to the construction of the castle complex and then the church.  After in 1502 Elector Frederick III founded the University of Wittenberg ("Leucorea") and received confirmation by the papal legate Raymond Peraudi in 1507, All Saints' was incorporated to serve as a chapel to the university and it quickly evolved into an important academic and worship center. Students were awarded their doctorates there, and the reformator Philipp Melanchthon made his famous inaugural speech at the church. A tradition of burying academic dignitaries of the university at the church developed. Several notable epitaphs are preserved up to today.

Theses Doors.

The main portal was often used by the university staff to pin up messages and notices; it is generally believed that on 31 October 1517, the eve of All Saints' Day, Martin Luther posted his "Ninety-five Theses" on the doors of All Saints' Church. This act, meant to promote a disputation on the sale of indulgences, is commonly viewed to be a catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Whether the event actually took place or not, however, cannot be conclusively established. Nevertheless, Luther sent his objections in a letter to Archbishop Albert of Mainz on the same day.  Frederick the Wise died in 1525 and was buried in the Castle Church. In the same year, the Lutheran rite was implemented. The church became the burial site of Martin Luther himself in 1546, and of Philipp Melanchthon in 1560.  When during the Seven Years' War the Wittenberg fortress was occupied by the Prussian Army and shelled by Imperial forces in 1760, the Castle Church was destroyed by a fire resulting from the bombardment. The blaze left only half of the foundation standing, and none of the wooden portals survived. All Saints' was soon rebuilt, albeit without many priceless works of art that were lost forever.  After Wittenberg was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony, King Frederick William IV, in 1858, ordered commemorative bronze doors to be mounted onto the jambs where the original wooden ones had been located. On the doors the "Theses" are inscribed in their original Latin form. The doors themselves weigh. with ornaments modelled by Friedrich Drake. On 10 November 1858, 375 years after Martin Luther's birth, the new doors were commemorated at a formal ceremony. Above the doors is a tympanum crucifixion painting that portrays Luther on the left with his German Bible translation, and Philipp Melanchthon on the right, with the 1530 Augsburg Confession, the main confession of faith in the Lutheran Church which was formed by Luther and Melanchthon. These doors are among the most photographed in Europe.

Renovation.

On the occasion of the fourth centenary of Luther's birth in 1883, an extensive restoration of All Saints' in a Neo-Gothic style was begun under the supervision of the Prussian architect Friedrich Adler by his disciple Paul Ferdinand Groth (1859-1955). The interior redesign included the present rib vault ceiling and pilasters, as well as matronea and the apse. Also, the -tall steeple was rebuilt, from which one can obtain a good view of the city of Wittenberg and the surrounding countryside. A quote, "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"), from one of Luther's hymns, encircles the tower.  On 31 October 1892, 375 years after Luther posted his 95 Theses on the doors of the church, All Saints' was re-inaugurated.

All Saints' today.

A Lutheran Castle Church parish was established in 1949. It later evolved to a centre of the East German peace movement ("swords to ploughshares"), when Friedrich Schorlemmer served here as a preacher from 1978 onwards. In 1983, 500 years after the birth of Luther, 12 new stained glass windows were installed in All Saints'. These honored the most important Reformation students of Luther, and were created by Renate Brömme in a "timeless" style at the order of the Lutheran World Federation. A new glazed brick roof was added in 1999-2000.  Today, All Saints' Church serves not only as a place of worship, but it also houses the town's historical archives, is home to the Riemer-Museum, and a youth hostel. In view of the five-hundredth anniversary of Luther's "Theses", the building has again undergone extensive renovation. The church was festively reopened on 2 October 2016 in the presence of President Joachim Gauck and Margrethe II of Denmark, who dedicated an altar frontal designed by herself.

Tombs and artwork.

The tombs of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon are located in All Saints' Church. On Luther's tomb, located beneath the pulpit, is inscribed "Here is buried the body of the Doctor of Sacred Theology, Martin Luther, who died in the year of Christ 1546, on February 18th, in his hometown Eisleben, after having lived for 63 years, 2 months, and 10 days." Melanchthon preached at Luther's burial. Luther's casket is buried near the pulpit, some 2.4 metres below the floor of the nave. Notable burials include Caspar Ziegler, a "Rektor" of the university.  The church holds life-sized statues made from alabaster of Frederick III and his brother Elector John of Saxony, and several bronze sculptures, also of Frederick III and of John which are done by Peter Vischer the Younger and Hans Vischer. The church has many paintings done by both Lucas Cranach the Younger and Lucas Cranach the Elder.  Full-sized statues which flank the nave include the many main figures of the Reformation: Nicolaus von Amsdorf, Caspar Cruciger, Johann Brenz, Urbanus Rhegius, Justus Jonas, Georg Spalatin, Johannes Bugenhagen, Philip Melanchthon and Martin Luther.

All Saints' Church, commonly referred to as Schlosskirche (Castle Church) to distinguish it from the "Stadtkirche" (Town Church) of St. Mary's – and sometimes known as the Reformation Memorial Church – is a Lutheran church in Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the site where, according to Philip Melanchthon, the "Ninety-five Theses" were posted by Martin Luther in 1517, the act that has been called the start of the Protestant Reformation. From 1883 onwards, the church was restored as a memorial site and re-inaugurated on 31 October 1892, 375 years after Luther's posting.


Family.

Jacqueline was born on an unknown date sometime before 1520, the youngest daughter of Jean IV de Longwy, Seigneur de Givry, Baron of Pagny and of Mirebeau (died 1520) and Jeanne of Angoulême, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (c.1490- after 1531/1538), the illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France.  Jacqueline had two older sisters. The eldest, Françoise de Longwy, Dame de Pagny and de Mirebeau (c.1510- after 14 April 1561), married firstly in 1526, Philippe de Chabot, Seigneur De Brion, Count of Charny and Buzançois, Admiral of France, and secondly in 1545, Jacques de Perusse, Seigneur d'Escars, by whom she had a son, Cardinal Anne d'Escars de Givry. Her second eldest sister was Claude Louise de Longwy, Abbess of Jouarre.  Jacqueline's paternal uncle was Claude de Longwy de Givry, Bishop of Amiens. Her paternal grandparents were Philippe de Longwy, Seigneur of Pagny and Jeanne de Bauffremont, Dame de Mirebeau. Her maternal grandparents were Charles, Count of Angoulême and his mistress Antoinette de Polignac, Dame de Combronde, who was a lady-in-waiting to the Count of Angoulême's wife, Louise of Savoy. Antoinette (born c.1460) was the daughter of Foucaud de Polignac, Seigneur des Fontaines and Agnès de Chabanais.

Marriage.

In 1538, Jacqueline married Louis III de Bourbon-Montpensier, who would become Duke of Montpensier on the death of his mother Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier on 5 July 1561. On the occasion of the marriage, Jacqueline's uncle, King Francis restored the Montpensier estates and the counties of Forez, Beaujeu, and Dombes to Louis' mother. They had been confiscated by the French Crown following Charles III, Duke of Bourbon's treason in 1523 when he defected to the side of Emperor Charles V.

Court career.

Jacqueline de Longwy was introduced at court, which she attended from 1533 onward. She became a personal friend of Catherine de' Medici, who became queen in 1547. In 1560, Jacqueline de Longwy had been instrumental in the successful negotiations to convince Antoine de Bourbon to relinquish his claims to the regency of Charles in favor of Catherine de' Medici.  She was subsequently appointed "Première dame d'honneur" and head of the queen's ladies-in-waiting, when Catherine became regent and was able to appoint her own household, in succession to Françoise de Brézé.

Countess of Bar-sur-Seine.

Jacqueline succeeded to the title of "suo jure" Countess of Bar-sur-Seine upon her mother's death, which occurred on an unknown date sometime after 1531/1538. Her father's titles had passed to her eldest sister, Françoise upon his death in 1520.  In 1543, the dauphinate of Auvergne was restored to Louis, Jacqueline therefore became the Dauphine of Auvergne. That same year, she was present with other high-ranking members of the Valois court at the baptism of King Francis's grandson, Francis. In 1547, King Francis died and was succeeded by his son Henry. In 1556, Jacqueline, together with Diane de Poitiers and Madame de Montmorency, was appointed by Queen consort Catherine de Medici to judge the case of misconduct against Mademoiselle de Rohan, a member of the royal family, who was pregnant by the Duke of Nemours under promise of marriage. Three years later, in 1559, Jacqueline and her husband attended the magnificent coronation of King Francis II and Mary, Queen of Scots.

Death.

She died in Paris on 28 August 1561. She had been the Duchess of Montpensier for less than two months.  Through her daughter, Charlotte, Jacqueline was an ancestress of the House of Hanover, which reigned in Great Britain from 1714 to 1901, and from which descends the current British Royal Family.

Issue.

The marriage of Jacqueline and Louis produced one son and five daughters:

In art.

Jacqueline de Longwy's portrait was drawn in 1550 by French painter François Clouet.

Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine (before 1520 – 28 August 1561), Duchess of Montpensier, Dauphine of Auvergne was a French noblewoman, and a half-niece of King Francis I of France. She was the first wife of Louis III de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier, and the mother of his six children. She had the office of "Première dame d'honneur" to the queen dowager regent of France, Catherine de' Medici, from 1560 until 1561.


Club career.

Goiás.

Born in Monte Alegre de Goiás, Douglas joined Goiás' youth setup in 2002, aged 12, and was promoted to the first-team in 2009, mainly as a backup to Vítor. He made his professional – and Série A – debut on 20 June 2009, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–2 away draw against Grêmio.  Douglas was handed his first start on 15 July, in a 0–2 home loss against Avaí. He finished the campaign with 14 appearances (seven starts, 741 minutes of action), as his side finished ninth.  In 2010, after Victor's departure to Palmeiras, Douglas became the club's first-choice, appearing in 24 matches but being relegated. He scored his first professional goal on 15 July 2011, netting the last of a 4–1 home routing over Vitória for the Série B championship.  Douglas finished the season with 26 appearances, scoring five goals as the "Esmeraldino" finished in the 11th place.

São Paulo.

On 11 February 2012, Douglas signed a three-year deal with São Paulo. However, he missed the whole Campeonato Paulista due to a pubalgia.  Douglas made his debut for "Tricolor" on 6 June 2012, starting in a 0–1 away loss against Internacional. He scored his first goal for the club on 14 October, netting the last of a 2–0 home success against Figueirense. He was also a regular in the club's Copa Sudamericana winning campaign.  Douglas featured regularly for the club in 2013, but faced fierce competition with new signing Paulo Miranda. The latter was later more used as a central defender, while the former also appeared as a central midfielder in some occasions.  In 2014 Douglas was again challenged by another new face, Luis Ricardo. He was mainly a backup to the latter during the year's Campeonato Paulista, but later retained his place in the starting XI.

Barcelona.

On 26 August 2014, Douglas agreed a five-year deal with La Liga club Barcelona for amount of €4 million fee plus €1.5 million in add-ons. He signed his contract with the Catalans three days later, being presented hours later.  After being an unused substitute in Barça's 1–0 home win against APOEL for the season's UEFA Champions League, Douglas made his debut on 24 September, starting and being booked in a 0–0 draw at Málaga. He was later criticized for his performance, and was demoted to third-choice right back behind Dani Alves and Martín Montoya, only being limited to appear in Copa del Rey.

Loan deals.

On 26 August 2016, Barcelona and Sporting de Gijón reached an agreement for the season-long loan of Douglas. He made his debut for the Asturians on 17 September in a 5–0 loss at Atlético Madrid, and scored his first goal in Spanish football on 4 December in a 3–1 win against Osasuna at El Molinón. He totalled 23 appearances and three goals over the season, but Sporting were relegated.  On 30 August 2017, Douglas joined Portuguese champions Benfica on a season-long loan deal.  On 24 July 2018, Douglas was loaned once again, this time to Turkish side Sivasspor. His first goal for Sivasspor was in a Süper Lig match with Trabzonspor.

International career.

Douglas was a member of the Brazil national under-20 team, appearing in the 2009 South American U-20 Championship and 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

Honours.

São Paulo  Barcelona

Douglas Pereira dos Santos (born 6 August 1990), simply known as Douglas (), is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Beşiktaş.


Teams.

A total of 60 teams will contest the league, divided into three groups of 20 teams. Originally, teams would include 4 sides relegated from the 2013–14 Serie B season, 29 sides playing the 2013–14 Prima Divisione season, 18 sides playing the 2013–14 Seconda Divisione season, and 9 sides promoted from the 2013–14 Serie D season. In the middle of last season Nocerina was expelled from Lega Pro (on 1 August was admitted to Eccellenza); on 15 July 2014 CoViSoc expelled Padova and Viareggio due to financial reasons; on 1 August 2014 FIGC admitted 3 teams that were relegated in the last season, thus the league included 3 sides from 2013–14 Serie B, 27 sides from 2013–14 Prima Divisione, 21 sides from 2013–14 Seconda Divisione and 9 sides from 2013–14 Serie D.  On 13 June 2014, 59 teams had mathematically achieved qualification for the 2014–15 season.  On 1 July 2014, all 59 teams had submitted the application for a license for 2014–15 season, with 8 teams did not submit the required bank guarantee, including Padova. Moreover, Viareggio submitted a guarantee that would not comply with the new regulation passed in May 2014. Correggese, the Serie D playoffs winner, did not submit an application.  On 15 July 2014, the deadline of submission, Padova failed to submit the bank guarantee and were declared bankrupt, while 7 teams had submitted in time. On 18 July 2014 the appeal of Viareggio to the exclusion had failed.  On 1 August 2014 the Federal Council admitted to Lega Pro Aversa Normanna, Martina Franca and Torres, the 3 teams relegated in 2013–14 Seconda Divisione. One more vacancy was created in August after the Italian National Olympic Committee Court of Appeal agreed upon an appeal from Novara, who requested the 2014–15 Serie B season should feature an even number of teams (22) instead of the originally scheduled 21 ones; after this appeal from Novara, Vicenza was admitted to 2014–15 Serie B and Arezzo replaced it in Lega Pro group A.  Group A, North and Sardinia  Group B, North and Central  Group C, South

The 2014–15 Lega Pro was the first season of the unified Lega Pro division in place of the old Prima Divisione and Seconda Divisione. The league is composed of 60 teams divided into three different groups of 20 each.


Club career.

Born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Bellerín started his club football career in Barcelona's youth team. He moved to Arsenal in the summer of 2011, and signed his first professional contract the following year. While a youth player at Arsenal, Bellerín also helped the club to reach fourth place of the NextGen Series of 2012–13. Bellerín made his competitive debut away to West Bromwich Albion in the third round of the League Cup on 25 September 2013, coming on in the 95th minute as a substitute for Mikel Arteta in a penalty shootout victory after a 1–1 draw. Two months later, Bellerín joined Championship club Watford on a two-month loan deal, and made his debut against Yeovil Town eight days after signing. The loan at Watford was extended until the end of the season, but he was recalled by Arsenal in February 2014.  Following injuries to Mathieu Debuchy, Calum Chambers and Nacho Monreal, Bellerín made his Champions League debut on 16 September 2014 in a 2–0 defeat away to Borussia Dortmund. He scored his first goal for Arsenal on 1 February 2015, in a 5–0 win against Aston Villa, and added a second on 4 April to open a 4–1 win over Liverpool despite also conceding a penalty kick through a foul on Raheem Sterling.  Bellerín was selected to start for Arsenal in the 2015 FA Cup Final on 30 May, helping the team keep a clean sheet in a 4–0 win over Aston Villa at Wembley Stadium. He signed a new long-term contract before the 2015–16 season and played the entirety of Arsenal's 1–0 win over rivals Chelsea in the 2015 FA Community Shield. He was the sole Arsenal player listed in the season's PFA Team of the Year, and came in third place in Arsenal's Player of the Season voting. On 21 November 2016, he signed a new long-term contract after agreeing to a deal that ties him to the club until 2022.  Bellerín featured in the following season throughout Arsenal's victorious FA Cup campaign. He played in the Cup final which Arsenal went on to win by a 2–1 margin against Chelsea. He was again triumphant in the Gunners lifting the 2017 Community Shield by beating Chelsea 4–1 on penalties. Bellerín scored his first goal of Arsenal's 2017–18 season in Arsenal's 3–1 victory over 1. FC Köln. On 3 January 2018, Bellerin earned a draw for Arsenal against Chelsea with what BBC Sport described as'stunning injury-time strike' in the 92nd minute, having earlier conceded a penalty for a foul on Eden Hazard. On 7 March 2018, Bellerín was ruled out of the Europa League first leg clash against Milan with an unknown return date.  Bellerín missed out the first five weeks of the 2018–19 season due to a calf problem. During a league game against Chelsea on 19 January he suffered a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee and was stretchered off of the pitch in the 70th minute at the Emirates Stadium. He was later ruled out for nine months, consequently missing the remainder of the season and the start of the 2019–20 season. Arsenal coach Unai Emery perceives Bellerín as "very mature" and believes that "he is already preparing to come back stronger than before". On 24 September 2019, Bellerín made his return from injury as a substitute in Arsenal's 5-0 victory against Nottingham Forest in the Carabao Cup.

International career.

Having reached the semi-finals of the 2013 European Championship with the under-19 team, Bellerín made his debut for Albert Celades's under-21 team on 30 March 2015, playing the full 90 minutes of a 4–0 friendly win over Belarus in León.  On 29 May 2016, after being named as a stand-by player for the year's European Championship, Bellerín made his debut for the full squad by starting in a 3–1 friendly win against Bosnia and Herzegovina at the AFG Arena in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Two days later, he was chosen for the final squad after Dani Carvajal withdrew through injury. He was unused as they reached the last 16.

Style of play.

Bellerín is known for his pace, which allows him to take on opposition defenders as well as provide defensive cover. At the beginning of the 2014–15 season, he broke Theo Walcott's Arsenal sprint record by 1/100th of a second. He is considered to be one of the fastest footballers in the world.

Personal life.

Bellerín became a vegan in 2017, which he credits for improving his health. In an interview in August 2019, he said that footballers have a responsibility to create awareness around environmental issues and that "It's nice to show what we have—our cars, our watches—but good to send a more meaningful message than 'look how cool we are'."

Honours.

Arsenal Spain U21  Individual

Héctor Bellerín Moruno (, born 19 March 1995) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right back or wing back for the Spain national team and club Arsenal, where he is currently serving as the team's vice-captain.


Biography.

Early life.

Ruggero Pasquarelli was born in his house, Abruzzo, on 10 September 1993, to Bruno and Antonella Pasquarelli, and he grew up in Città Sant'Angelo, a town in the province of Pescara. As a child, he took guitar and acting lessons. In 2008, Pasquarelli started taking singing lessons, and since 2009 he also studied piano. He has a 14 years old brother called Leonardo Pasquarelli. In high school, Pasquarelli studied at the pedagogical "liceo", and specialized in Arts and Entertainment. While he was a high school student, he also became a singer of the local rock band 65013.

"X Factor".

In 2010, during his last year at high school, Pasquarelli auditioned for the fourth series of the Italian talent show "X Factor". As a result, he was chosen by Mara Maionchi as a member of the "Boys" category. During the seventh live show, Pasquarelli finished in the bottom two for the first time, together with Cassandra Raffaele, but only Raffaele's judge, Elio, voted to eliminate Pasquarelli, and he was therefore saved. He finished once again in the bottom two during the tenth live show. Pasquarelli was not allowed to perform during the final showdown, since he was 17 years old, and Italian laws don't allow performances of people under the age of majority after midnight. A pre-recorded performance was broadcast instead. The judges vote resulted in a deadlock, and the public vote saved Nevruz, and Pasquarelli finished the competition in sixth place.

"Violetta".

In 2012, Pasquarelli landed the role of Federico in the Argentine telenovela "violetta".

Ruggero Pasquarelli (born 10 September 1993) is an Italian singer and actor. In 2010, he took part in the fourth series of the Italian talent show "X Factor". He is also known for his performance as Federico in the Argentine telenovela "Violetta" and as Matteo Balsano in "Soy Luna".


History.

Early years, "Best Kind of Mess" and "Built for Blame, Laced With Shame" (2008–2013).

Before forming the band, Nicholas Matthews, Johnny Braddock, Bradley Iverson and Warren Wilcock were all in separate bands. The four came together to form the band and self-released their first EP, "Cheap Tricks and Theatrics".  During summer 2010, the band went on Hot Topic's "Sacred Ceremony" tour with Black Veil Brides and Vampires Everywhere!, helping promote the band's music. The band then embarked on several tours, notably the first leg of "The Dead Masquerade Tour" (with Escape the Fate, Alesana, Drive A and Motionless in White) from January to March 2011 and an Aiden headliner including Eyes Set To Kill, Dr. Acula, Vampires Everywhere!, and Escape the Fate (only certain dates) in the spring of 2011. On July 12, 2011, they released their debut full-length album "Best Kind of Mess", their first release through Universal Motown Records featuring mastered remakes of the songs "Setting Yourself Up for Sarcasm" and "If She Only Knew Voodoo Like I Do" with the shortened names "Sarcasm" and "Voodoo". The band embarked on the "Fuck You All Tour" with Dr. Acula and Girl On Fire in support of the album.  On November 30, 2011, the band announced that Matthews was leaving the band. They stated that Matthews wanted to pursue more options in his musical career with Blacklisted Me and that it was a surprise to the entire band. The band postponed any touring dates until further notice due to the sudden departure and lack of a lead vocalist. In the same message, they also announced that they would be holding auditions for lead vocalist.  The band re-entered the studio with the new lead vocalist on December 28. Although it was not officially announced who the new vocalist was, at the time there was much speculation that former Dear Chandelier singer Joel Faviere replaced Matthews, due to the tweets sent by Faviere and some of the members of Get Scared on Twitter. It was later made official that Faviere was the new lead vocalist. The team also welcomed new guitarist Adam Virostko to the band that following September 2012 to play The Pizza Party Tour with Dead Rabbits. Virostko became a permanent member that fall being formally announced on November 21, 2012. Faviere was the singer of the band for a short time until the return of Matthews on November 19, 2012. Only one EP, "Built for Blame, Laced With Shame", was released during Faviere's tenure with the band.

"Everyone's Out To Get Me" (2013–2014).

On June 5, 2013, Get Scared announced their signing with Fearless Records and confirmed that their second studio album was coming later in the year. On June 21, they released a new song entitled, "At My Worst" on YouTube. Another song leaked on Twitter before any announcement had been made about a new album and was titled, "For You"; initially thought to be lost, it was revealed months later that it will appear on the new album.  On September 18, the band announced that their second studio album would be titled "Everyone's Out To Get Me", and it would be released on November 11 via Fearless. Along with the announcement, they revealed the track list and also released a short preview of a new song, "Told Ya So". The full song was released on September 24.  On January 1, 2014, Fearless Records released a video on their page on YouTube announcing bands that will be releasing albums in 2014; they announced in the video that Get Scared would appear on the compilation "Punk Goes 90s Vol. 2" with their cover of Lit's "My Own Worst Enemy".

"Demons", "The Dead Days" and break-up (2015–2019).

The band announced their third studio album, "Demons" on September 3, 2015 along with the release of lead single "Buried Alive". A second single, titled "Suffer" was released on October 2. On October 22, a third single, "R.I.P." was released on iTunes and the new Apple Music. The album was officially released on October 30, 2015. To promote the album the band embarked on New Years Day's "The Other Side Tour" and all but three dates of I See Stars' "Light In The Cave Tour" in October 2015 and February 2016, respectively. The band also had a short headlining tour in Mexico and performances at Scream Out Festival in Japan and the South By So What Festival in Texas to support the album.  The band entered the studio in November 2017 with producer Kris Crummett to record their fourth studio album. The album had a tentative release date of 2018, but it did not come to pass. On January 9, 2019, guitarist Johnny Braddock announced the band was on a hiatus as vocalist Nicholas Matthews recovers from a heroin addiction. Several days later, Matthews announced he had left the band.  On April 10, 2019, Johnny Braddock announced "The Dead Days" would be released on April 19, 2019. On September 15, 2019, Nicholas Matthews posted an explanation video; after someone asked in the comments if the band had broken up, Matthews stated "unfortunately that is correct". He then went on to state:

Controversy.

On February 15, 2017, the band's former lead singer Joel Faviere was arrested on child pornography charges during an undercover sting. The band released a statement stating "his time in the band was very short, [but] we feel he has tarnished the very name we worked so hard to build up for the past 9 years" and apologizing "to those of you who have been hurt or affected by this man’s actions." They also encouraged people to donate to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.  On May 11, 2018, Faviere was sentenced to 12 years in prison for the child pornography charges. He is currently held at South Bay Correctional Facility.

Members.

Final line-up  Other members  Touring musicians Timeline

Discography.

Studio albums  Singles  Music videos

Get Scared was an American post-hardcore band from Layton, Utah, active from 2008 to 2019. After their formation they released their first EP "Cheap Tricks and Theatrics" in 2009. A self-titled EP followed several months later in 2010. The band's debut studio album, "Best Kind of Mess", was released on July 12, 2011. Following Nicholas Matthews' first departure to join Blacklisted Me, the band released "Cheap Tricks and Theatrics B-Sides" on December 19, 2011, without any previous announcements. Matthews was replaced by Joel Faviere near the end of 2011. The band's third EP and first with Faviere, "Built for Blame, Laced With Shame", was released in 2012; Faviere was kicked out a few months after the EP's release when Matthews rejoined the band. Following Matthews' comeback, the band signed with Fearless Records and released their second full-length album, "Everyone's Out To Get Me", on November 11, 2013. The band's third studio album, "Demons", was released on October 30, 2015, and marked a departure from the band's post-hardcore sound featured on "Built for Blame" and "Everyone's Out to Get Me" in favor of a more metalcore-like sound. Their fourth and final album, "The Dead Days", was released on April 19, 2019 amidst a hiatus; it was later stated by vocalist Nicholas Matthews that the band had broken up due to multiple issues between the band members.


Populations.

Hundreds of thousands of minor planets have been discovered within the Solar System and thousands more are discovered each month. The Minor Planet Center has documented over 213 million observations and 794,832 minor planets, of which 541,128 have orbits known well enough to be assigned permanent official numbers. Of these, 21,922 have official names., the lowest-numbered unnamed minor planet is, and the highest-numbered named minor planet is 543315 Asmakhammari.  There are various broad minor-planet populations:

Naming conventions.

All astronomical bodies in the Solar System need a distinct designation. The naming of minor planets runs through a three-step process. First, a provisional designation is given upon discovery—because the object still may turn out to be a false positive or become lost later on—called a "provisionally designated minor planet". After the observation arc is accurate enough to predict its future location, a minor planet is formally designated and receives a number. It is then a "numbered minor planet". Finally, in the third step, it may be named by its discoverers. However, only a small fraction of all minor planets have been named. The vast majority are either numbered or have still only a provisional designation. Example of the naming process:

Provisional designation.

A newly discovered minor planet is given a provisional designation. For example, the provisional designation consists of the year of discovery (2002) and an alphanumeric code indicating the half-month of discovery and the sequence within that half-month. Once an asteroid's orbit has been confirmed, it is given a number, and later may also be given a name (e.g. 433 Eros). The formal naming convention uses parentheses around the number, but dropping the parentheses is quite common. Informally, it is common to drop the number altogether, or to drop it after the first mention when a name is repeated in running text.  Minor planets that have been given a number but not a name keep their provisional designation, e.g. (29075) 1950 DA. Because modern discovery techniques are finding vast numbers of new asteroids, they are increasingly being left unnamed. The earliest discovered to be left unnamed was for a long time (3360) 1981 VA, now 3360 Syrinx; as of September 2008, this distinction is held by (3708). On rare occasions, a small object's provisional designation may become used as a name in itself: the then unnamed gave its "name" to a group of objects that became known as classical Kuiper belt objects ("cubewanos") before it was finally named 15760 Albion in January 2018.  A few objects are cross-listed as both comets and asteroids, such as 4015 Wilson–Harrington, which is also listed as 107P/Wilson–Harrington.

Numbering.

Minor planets are awarded an official number once their orbits are confirmed. With the increasing rapidity of discovery, these are now six-figure numbers. The switch from five figures to six figures arrived with the publication of the Minor Planet Circular (MPC) of October 19, 2005, which saw the highest numbered minor planet jump from 99947 to 118161.

Naming.

The first few asteroids were named after figures from Greek and Roman mythology but as such names started to dwindle the names of famous people, literary characters, discoverer's spouses, children, colleagues, and even television characters were used.

Physical properties of comets and minor planets.

Commission 15 of the International Astronomical Union is dedicated to the Physical Study of Comets & Minor Planets.  Archival data on the physical properties of comets and minor planets are found in the PDS Asteroid/Dust Archive.<ref name="PDS Asteroid/Dust Archive"></ref> This includes standard asteroid physical characteristics such as the properties of binary systems, occultation timings and diameters, masses, densities, rotation periods, surface temperatures, albedoes, spin vectors, taxonomy, and absolute magnitudes and slopes. In addition, European Asteroid Research Node (E.A.R.N.), an association of asteroid research groups, maintains a Data Base of Physical and Dynamical Properties of Near Earth Asteroids.  Most detailed information is available from and.

A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun (or more broadly, any star with a planetary system) that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Before 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially used the term "minor planet", but during that year's meeting it reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSBs).


Early life and education.

From 1982 to 1987 he studied in Vilnius University, Faculty of Industrial Economics and from 1987 to 1989 in the Faculty of Economics. From 1990 to 1992 he did a practice at the University of Mannheim in Germany under the DAAD scholarship. He defended his PhD thesis "Income Policy Under Inflation and Stagflation" in 1993. Since 2009 he is an associate professor at Vilnius University Business School.

Professional and political career.

Having completed his studies, from 1992 to 1993 he worked for the Research Institute for Economics and Privatization. From 1993 to 1994 he worked for the Lithuanian Competition Council as a head of the Financial Markets Department. From 1994 to 2000 he worked at the Bank of Lithuania, initially in the department regulating the commercial banks and later as a director of the Monetary Policy Department. From 2000 to 2008 he was a chief economist and adviser to the chairman of AB Vilniaus Bankas. From 2008 to 2018 he was the financial analyst as well as chief adviser and later the chief economist for the SEB bankas president.  In 2004, he supported the election campaign of the former Lithuanian president Valdas Adamkus.

Presidency (2019–present).

On 17 September 2018, Nausėda announced his candidacy for the 2019 Lithuanian presidential election, which he won in the second round on 26 May 2019. He was officially inaugurated on 12 July. On 16 July 4 days after his inauguration, he visited Warsaw, Poland to meet with President Andrzej Duda in his first foreign visit as President. During the visit, there were calls for him to establish a more personal relationship with the country. He also rejected any attempt by European Union leaders to sanction Poland for its actions in relation to the Supreme Court of Poland and the rest of the country's judiciary. Nausėda presented acting Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis's candidacy to continue his duties on 18 July. By the time he had spent a month in office, Nausėda was considered to be the most trusted politician in Lithuania according to polls conducted by the Lithuanian National Radio and Television (LRT). During a meeting in Berlin with German Chancellor Angela Merkel in August, Nausėda urged her to maintain sanctions against Russia. In an interview with LRT on 14 August, he reiterated past positions that a potential meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin would be "pointless" due to the fact that Lithuania sees "the true danger" and "risks" of being on the border with Russia.  On 22 November, Nausėda and Duda, as well as the First Lady of Poland Agata Kornhauser-Duda participated in the state funeral of commanders and participants in the 1863–1864 uprising against Tsarist rule in Vilnius. During his visit to Vilnius, Duda highlighted the Central European nations' unity importance for their independence.  In January 2020, Nauseda joined Duda in pulling out of 5th World Holocaust Forum, who criticized the event for giving the speaking slot to Russian president Putin, who has himself criticized Poland's WWII history by engaging in a historical revisionist campaign.

International trips as President.

Nausėda has welcomed many foreign leaders and dignitaries to Lithuania since taking office, including Latvian President Egils Levits, Polish President Andrzej Duda, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and Canadian Governor-General Julie Payette.

Personal life.

Nausėda's father, Antanas Nausėda (1929–), is a survivor of Stutthof concentration camp. In 1990, he married Diana Nausėdienė. They have two daughters. In addition to his native Lithuanian, Gitanas Nausėda speaks English, German and Russian.

Gitanas Nausėda (born 19 May 1964) is a Lithuanian economist, politician and banker, having worked as the Director of Monetary Policy at the Bank of Lithuania from 1996 until 2000, and chief economist to the chairman of SEB bankas from 2008 until 2018. Nausėda is serving as the current President of Lithuania.


Plot.

The Kadam family ran a restaurant in Mumbai. The second-oldest son, Hassan Haji (Manish Dayal), was being groomed to replace his mother (Juhi Chawla) as the restaurant's main cook. However, a mob attacks and firebombs the restaurant over an election dispute. Papa Kadam (Om Puri) and his family evacuate the guests, but Mama was killed. Seeking asylum in Europe, the family first settles in London, where their residence proves ill-suited for a restaurant. They depart for mainland Europe.  Shortly after entering France, the brakes on Papa's van fail near Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val in the Midi-Pyrénées. Marguerite (Charlotte Le Bon), a sous chef at an upscale French restaurant named "Le Saule Pleureur" ("The Weeping Willow"), passes by and offers to help the Kadams find an auto repair shop and a guest house. She brings the Kadams to her apartment and treats them to cold food. Papa is amazed at the quality of the food in the village and its availability and discovers that Marguerite made the food herself.  Papa learns of an abandoned restaurant building available for purchase. It is located directly across the street — only a hundred feet (30 m) — from Le Saule Pleureur. Madame Mallory (Helen Mirren), proprietor of Le Saule Pleureur and purporting to act as caretaker for the owners of the abandoned restaurant, asks the Kadams to leave because it is "private property". Papa buys the property, even though the rest of his family is against it, and names the restaurant "Maison Mumbai".  Mallory asks for their menu and by the time of their opening night has bought all the locally available ingredients they would need to serve. A cold war erupts between Papa and Mallory. The war peaks on Bastille Day when one of Mallory's chefs, Jean-Pierre, and two others vandalize the Kadams' restaurant by spray-painting words which translate to "France for the French" on the outer wall and firebombing the interior. Hassan catches the arsonists in the act and scares them off, but his hands and legs are burned. The following morning Mallory, who deduced who is responsible for the arson and vandalism, dismisses Jean-Pierre and personally cleans the graffiti from Maison Mumbai.  Hassan, having heard from Marguerite that Mallory hires potential chefs by taste-testing an omelette and deciding whether the person is indeed a great chef, asks if he may cook an omelette for her to his recipe. Due to his injured hands, Mallory helps under Hassan's supervision. After tasting the omelette, which had Indian influences to it, Mallory recognizes Hassan's potential and invites him to work for her as an apprentice, and confesses that she deliberately sabotaged his apology on behalf of his father, when he recreated a classic pigeon dish. Papa is initially against the move, but ultimately strikes a deal with her as to Hassan's pay.  Hassan's cooking, which gradually evolves into a fusion of Indian cuisine and French cuisine, results in Mallory's restaurant receiving its second Michelin star. The award draws national attention to Hassan's cooking, and he is offered and accepts a job in Paris. Papa and Mallory make amends and begin seeing each other, but Hassan's relationship with Marguerite has soured.  Hassan's cooking in Paris quickly receives critical acclaim, fueling speculation of a third Michelin Star for the Paris restaurant, but his work is increasingly bogged down by thoughts of his family and Marguerite (with whom he had an ongoing romance). Hassan returns home a year later and reunites with Marguerite. He invites Marguerite to join him in a business venture—buying a stake in Mallory's restaurant, along with operational control. Hassan believes this will help the restaurant earn its third star. That evening, Hassan and Marguerite prepare dinner at Mallory's restaurant and bring the dishes across the road to the courtyard of Maison Mumbai for all to enjoy.

Production.

On June 3, 2013, Helen Mirren was in negotiations to join the cast. On July 1, DreamWorks confirmed the casting of Mirren and Manish Dayal.  Principal photography began on September 23, 2013, in southern France, in Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, lasted for nine weeks and proceeded in The Netherlands and in the Cité du Cinéma studio complex, located in Saint-Denis, north of Paris."The Hundred Foot Journey" was extensively shot at scenic locales of Midi-Pyrénées. Prior to actual filming, actors Manish Dayal and Charlotte Le Bon spent a considerable amount of time going to restaurants and observing and learning in kitchens. To sign off on the food featured in the film, producer Juliet Blake consulted Indian-born chef Floyd Cardoz (1960-2020) who practised “fusing together two cultures through cooking.” Indian actress Juhi Chawla plays Om Puri's character's wife in the film. The makers felt the need for her to look 15 years older than her present age. That's why she was made to age digitally on screen with the help of post-production techniques such as visual refactoring.

Soundtrack.

A.R. Rahman composed the music for the film. Hollywood Records released the soundtrack on August 12, 2014.

Release.

The first trailer for the film was released on May 13, 2014. The film's New York premiere was held at the Ziegfeld Theatre on August 4, 2014. The film was released on August 8, 2014. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributed "The Hundred-Foot Journey" globally through its Touchstone Pictures label, except for territories in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, where the film's rights were sold by Mister Smith Entertainment to independent distributors. Reliance Entertainment distributed the film solely in India. The film was released in France as "Les Recettes du bonheur "(translates to "The Recipes for Happiness)".

Home media.

"The Hundred-Foot Journey" was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on December 2, 2014.

Reception.

Box office.

The film grossed $10,979,290 in its opening weekend in the US, finishing in 4th. As of December 6, 2014, the film has grossed $88,880,821.

Critical response.

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 67%, based on 145 reviews with an average score of 6.21/10. The site's consensus reads: "Director Lasse Hallström does lovely work and Helen Mirren is always worth watching, but "The Hundred-Foot Journey" travels predictable ground already covered by countless feel-good dramedies." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 55 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".  "The Wrap's" Alonso Duralde called the film "a surprisingly bland slumgullion of food porn and emotional manipulation, filtered through the middlebrow sensibilities of director Lasse Hallström." "Variety"'s Justin Chang called the film "the most soothing brand of cinematic comfort food." Film critic Edwin Arnaudin of the "Asheville Citizen-Times" gave the film a "B-plus".  The "NPR's" film critic Kenneth Turan said the film was entertaining, while criticizing the predictability of the story and "wish[ing] that the film had more of the messy juices of life flowing through its veins".

Accolades.

Helen Mirren was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical.

The Hundred-Foot Journey is a 2014 American comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström from a screenplay written by Steven Knight, adapted from Richard Morais' 2010 novel of the same name. The film stars Helen Mirren, Om Puri, Manish Dayal and Charlotte Le Bon and is about a battle of two restaurants in a village: one by an Indian family and the other, a lofty Michelin-starred restaurant.


Description.

Oriental sweet gum is a deciduous tree, in height with a trunk of in diameter. The unisexual flowers bloom from March to April. The fruits ripen in November to December and the seeds are wind dispersed. The tree is very attractive and especially valued for its colourful autumn leaves. Oriental sweet gum trees favour an elevation of between, a mean annual rainfall of and a mean annual temperature of. The tree's optimal growth is on rich, deep and moist soils such as bogs, river banks and coastal areas but it is also able to grow on slopes and dry soil.

Biotope.

The forests of this Tertiary relict endemic taxon are found notably within a specially protected area between Dalyan and Köyceğiz in Muğla Province, where a zone is set aside as a nature reserve and arboretum for the preservation of the species. A large stand also surrounds Marmaris. These two areas are the better known oriental sweetgum forests due to their respective regions also being prominent centers of tourism, although a big population covering nearly is also found in an inland region within Aydın Province extending between Çine, Köşk and Umurlu districts. Yet another sweetgum forest area of under protection is situated in Burdur's depending district of Bucak alongside Karacaören dam reservoir on the road to Antalya. The trees are also found locally in Denizli's depending districts of Beyağaç and Tavas. The total area of pure sweetgum forests in Turkey covers, all in the southwestern regions of the country. The present-day extension corresponds to a marked decrease since the 1940s level of, although the protective measures and infrastructure in place since the 1980s helped stop loss of stands and led to slight improvements.

Etymology.

The name in Turkish for the particular species is "Günlük ağacı", while the trees of the genus as a whole are called "Sığala ağacı", a name also used in sole reference to "oriental sweeetgum" itself. "Günlük ağacı" means "a frankincense/myrrh tree [ağaç]" in which the first element is of unknown origin, whereas "sığala" refers to "a boggy place".

Production and uses.

The extraction of its sap and the production of an oil based thereof ("sığala yağı"), as well as exports of these products, play an important role in the local economies of Greece and Turkey. The harvest of the sap and the preparation of the oil involve quite strenuous tasks lasting from May to November and consisting of several separate phases. The thick sap is obtained in the period June to September by gradually stripping 1⁄4 of the total trunk lengthwise. Wounding the trunk causes sap to emerge, which can be further stimulated by tapping the trunk. In the village of Kavakarası near Köyceğiz in the Turkish province of Muğla, locals scrape the sap from the wounded tree trunks using the sharp edge of plastic bottles. The stripped sap is put in boiling water to soften, then pressed. The styrax is then diluted with 1⁄4 water, keeping it soft and preserving its aroma. By steam distillation a light yellow oil is obtained. There is a danger for the present generation of master oil makers not being replaced in near future. In English, this oil is known under several names, shortly as Storax to include all sweetgum oils, or as Styrax Levant, Asiatic Storax, Balsam Storax, Liquid Storax, Oriental Sweetgum Oil, or Turkish Sweetgum Oil. Diluted with a suitable carrier oil, it is used externally in traditional medicine. It is a different product from the benzoin resin produced from tropical trees in the genus Styrax.  The hydrocarbon styrene is named for Levant styrax from "Liquidambar orientalis", from which it was first isolated, and not for the genus "Styrax" itself; industrially produced styrene is now used to produce polystyrene plastics, including Styrofoam.

Prospects.

The status of and developments regarding the protection of Turkish sweetgum continues to occupy local and national environmental agenda at a critical level in Turkey. Among the main causes for the loss of sweetgum forests was the cutting and felling of trees for opening new fields for agriculture, as well as the construction of three separate dams at localities which precisely corresponded to important habitats for the species. As such, "Liquidambar orientalis" holds an important position in Turkey's biodiversity and among endemic species, is one of its best-known symbols.

Liquidambar orientalis, commonly known as oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus "Liquidambar", native to the eastern Mediterranean region, that occurs as pure stands mainly in the floodplains of southwestern Turkey and on the Greek island of Rhodes.


Player eligibility.

A player was eligible to play in the 2017 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships if:  If a player who has never played in IIHF-organized competition wishes to switch national eligibility, he must have played in competitions for two consecutive years in the new country without playing in another country, as well as show his move to the new country's national association with an international transfer card. In case the player has previously played in IIHF-organized competition but wishes to switch national eligibility, he must have played in competitions for four consecutive years in the new country without playing in another country, he must show his move to the new country's national association with an international transfer card, as well as be a citizen of the new country. A player may only switch national eligibility once.

Top Division.

Officials.

The International Ice Hockey Federation selected 12 referees and 10 linesmen to officiate during the tournament:  Referees  Linesmen

Format.

The four best ranked teams from each group of the preliminary round advanced to the quarterfinals, while the last-placed team from both groups played a relegation round in a best-of-three format to determine the relegated team.

Relegation.

Note: was relegated for the 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships

Tournament awards.

Most Valuable Player  All-star team  IIHF best player awards

Division I.

Group A.

The tournament was held in Bremerhaven, Germany from 11–17 December 2016.

Group B.

The tournament was held in Budapest, Hungary from 11–17 December 2016. The hosts, entering as the bottom seed, won promotion for the second year in a row.

Division II.

Group A.

The tournament was held in Tallinn, Estonia from 11–17 December 2016.

Group B.

The tournament was held in Logroño, Spain from 7–13 January 2017.

Division III.

The tournament was held in Dunedin, New Zealand from 16–22 January 2017. Turkey defeated China in the Gold medal game to achieve promotion to Division II. Chinese Taipei returned to play for the first time since 2011, losing all but their final game.

The 2017 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships was the 41st edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship (WJC or WM20). The main tournament was co-hosted by the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec and the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. This was the twelfth championship that Canada had hosted. Montreal and Toronto also jointly hosted the 2015 edition. The tournament consisted of 30 games between 10 nations.


Top Division.

Host selection.

On July 28, 2015, USA Hockey named the five initial finalists for hosting the event:  Chicago and Tampa were eliminated on September 15. Buffalo was chosen as the host site on December 3, with a formal announcement on December 4.

Officials.

The following officials were assigned by the International Ice Hockey Federation to officiate the 2018 World Junior Championships.  Referees  Linesmen

Format.

The preliminary round was a two group of five teams each internal round-robin format, followed by a three-round playoff. In the round-robin, two points were allotted for a win, and one additional point for a regulation win. One point was allotted for an overtime or game winning shots loss.  The four highest-ranked teams from each group of the preliminary round advanced to quarterfinals while the last-placed team from each group played a best-of-three series, the loser relegated to Division IA for 2019. All other teams will retain their Top Division status.

Relegation.

Note: was relegated for the 2019 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships

Tournament awards.

Division I.

The Division IA tournament was held in Courchevel and Meribel, France from December 10-16, 2017. The Division IB tournament was held in Bled, Slovenia from December 9-15, 2017. As a result of the Division IA tournament, Kazakhstan was promoted to the Top Division, and Hungary was relegated to Division IB. As a result of the Division IB tournament, Norway was promoted to Division IA, and Lithuania was relegated to Division IIA.

Division II.

The Division IIA tournament was held in Dumfries, Great Britain from December 10-16, 2017. The Division IIB tournament was held in Belgrade, Serbia from January 10-16, 2018. As a result of the Division IIA tournament, Japan was promoted to Division IB, and Netherlands was relegated to Division IIB.

Division III.

The Division III tournament was held in Sofia, Bulgaria from January 22–28, 2018. The Division III qualification tournament was held in Cape Town, South Africa from February 5–7, 2018.

The 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships was the 42nd edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship, and was hosted by the city of Buffalo, New York at the KeyBank Center and HarborCenter. It opened on December 26, 2017 and closed with the gold medal game on January 5, 2018. It was the sixth time that the United States has hosted the IHWJC, and the second time that Buffalo has done so, previously hosting in 2011.


Top Division.

Officials.

The following officials were assigned by the International Ice Hockey Federation to officiate the 2019 World Junior Championships.  Referees  Linesmen

Format.

The preliminary round is a two group of five teams each internal round-robin format, followed by a three-round playoff. In the round-robin, three points are allotted for a regulation win, and two points for an overtime or shootout win. One point is allotted for an overtime or shootout loss.  The four highest-ranked teams from each group of the preliminary round advance to the quarterfinals while the last-place team from each group will play a best-of-three series, the loser relegated to Division IA for 2020, being replaced by the winner of Division IA. All other teams will retain their Top Division status for the 2020 edition.

Preliminary round.

Group A.

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Group B.

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Division I.

Group A.

The Group A tournament was held in Füssen, Germany from 9 to 15 December 2018.

Group B.

The Group B tournament was held in Tychy, Poland from 8 to 14 December 2018.

Division II.

Group A.

The Group A tournament was held in Tallinn, Estonia from 13 to 19 January 2019.

Group B.

The Group B tournament was held in Zagreb, Croatia from 15 to 21 January 2019.

Division III.

The tournament was held in Reykjavík, Iceland from 14 to 20 January 2019.

The 2019 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships ("2019 WJC") was the 43rd edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship. It began on December 26, 2018, and ended with the gold medal game being played on January 5, 2019. This marked the 13th time that Canada hosted the WJC.


Early years.

Duclair was born in Laval, Quebec, and grew up in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. He is of Haitian descent. As a youth, he played in the 2008 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Montreal Canadiens minor ice hockey team. His uncle Farell Duclair played in the Canadian Football League.

Playing career.

Junior.

Duclair spent three seasons with the Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He scored an impressive 50 goals in 59 games during the 2013–14 season. Duclair was rewarded for his outstanding play being named to the QMJHL First All-Star Team.

Professional.

New York Rangers.

On January 2, 2014, Duclair signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the New York Rangers. Duclair impressed the Rangers with his performance in the 2014–15 pre-season, leading the team with five points in five games. On October 6, 2014, defenceman Steven Kampfer and centre Andrew Yogan were traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for forward Joey Crabb, securing an opening-night roster position for Duclair.  Duclair scored his first NHL goal on October 27, 2014, against Darcy Kuemper of the Minnesota Wild. On January 6, 2015, Duclair was assigned to the Quebec Remparts for the remainder of the 2014–15 season.  On March 1, 2015, while playing with the Remparts, Duclair was traded to the Arizona Coyotes (along with John Moore and two draft picks) in exchange for Keith Yandle and Chris Summers.

Arizona Coyotes.

Arizona Coyotes general manager Don Maloney confirmed fan speculation by stating that he acquired Duclair from the New York Rangers in the hopes that he would develop line chemistry with a rookie Arizona already possessed, Max Domi. This was due to the fact that during the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship, Duclair and Domi both showed visible chemistry and were key components in leading Canada to gold.  On October 14, 2015, Duclair scored his first career NHL hat-trick in a 4–0 shut-out win against the Anaheim Ducks. Fellow rookie Max Domi pitched in a goal of his own and an assist on one of Duclair's goals. In Duclair's first full season in the NHL, he developed instant line chemistry with Domi, earning the duo the nickname "The Killer D's".  On January 19, 2017, Duclair was demoted to the team's American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Tucson Roadrunners, due to a lack of production. On March 3, 2017, he returned to the Coyotes.  On January 4, 2018, it was reported that Duclair had requested to be traded from the Coyotes.

Chicago Blackhawks.

On January 10, 2018, Duclair was traded (alongside defenceman Adam Clendening) to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for forwards Richard Pánik and Laurent Dauphin. His inconsistency carried over to the Blackhawks, after making an initial impact he finished the season scoreless in his last 14 games and finished the season appearing in 23 games for 8 points for Chicago.  On June 25, 2018, as a restricted free agent, Duclair was not tendered a qualifying offer by the Blackhawks and was released to explore free agency.

Columbus Blue Jackets.

On July 5, 2018, Duclair signed a one-year, one-way contract worth $650,000 with the Columbus Blue Jackets. In 53 games for the team, Duclair recorded 11 goals and 19 points.

Ottawa Senators.

On February 23, 2019, Duclair was traded to the Ottawa Senators (along with second-round picks in 2020 and 2021) in exchange for Ryan Dzingel and a seventh-round pick in 2019. Only a few days before the trade, Blue Jackets head coach John Tortorella publicly criticized Duclair, saying that Duclair "doesn't know how to play".  On June 17, 2019, Duclair signed a one-year contract with the Senators for the 2019–20 season worth $1.65 million. He immediately became one of Ottawa's top offensive players, recording 21 goals and 30 points in his first 38 games, leading the team in both categories. He was subsequently named as the Senators' representative for the 2020 National Hockey League All-Star Game held on January 25, 2020, in St. Louis.

Anthony Duclair (born August 26, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). Duclair was selected by the New York Rangers in the third round, 80th overall, of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft, the organization with which he began his NHL career. Duclair has also played in the NHL for the Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks and Columbus Blue Jackets.


History.

Begun in 1831 in the prolongation of the "rue des Saints-Pères" on the Left Bank, the original bridge was known under that name until its inauguration, in 1834, when king Louis-Philippe named it "Pont du Carrousel", because it opened on the Right Bank river frontage of the Palais du Louvre near the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in front of the Tuileries.  The bridge's architect, Antoine-Rémy Polonceau, succeeded in a design that was innovative in several aspects. For one thing, the new structure was an arch bridge, during a period when most bridge construction had turned to suspension bridges; the necessary towers and cables would have been considered unacceptable additions to the Parisian scenery. The structure combined the relatively new material of cast iron with timber. Its graduated cast-iron circular supports were quickly dubbed "napkin rings" ("ronds de serviette"). At each corner of the bridge were erected classic style stone allegorical sculptures by Louis Petitot, which remain "in situ". They represent "Industry", "Abundance", "The City of Paris" and "The Seine".  In 1906, after seven decades of use, serious restoration was required; the former wooden elements were replaced with beaten iron. Nevertheless, the bridge was too narrow for twentieth-century traffic, and shifted alarmingly. In 1930, its height above the river was judged insufficient for river transportation, and it was decided to scrap it for an entirely new structure to be built a few tens of metres downstream from the former one, and with greater headroom on the river. The architects Malet and Lang attempted to respect the former aspect, which now had become familiar to Parisians. The new bridge of reinforced concrete still crosses the river in three arches reaching the right bank in front of the Louvre, in direct line with the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel. For its lighting at night, the iron craftsman Raymond Subes conceived an ingenious telescoping system that raised the streetlights from a height of 13 metres in the daytime to 20 metres at nightfall when they were lit; however, the system was too fragile to be of any use and did not function until it was repaired in 1999.  The nearest Métro station is Palais Royal - Musée du Louvre.

Brahim Bouarram Affair.

On 1 May 1995, the Moroccan immigrant Brahim Bouarram drowned after being pushed into the Seine river near the bridge by members of a Front National procession. In 2003, in the name of all the citizens of Paris, the mayor of the city, Bertrand Delanoë, honored the memory of Bouarram and all the victims of racism with a commemorative plaque on the bridge.

The Pont du Carrousel () is a bridge in Paris, which spans the River Seine between the Quai des Tuileries and the Quai Voltaire.


History.

In 2001, Bernard Arnault, the Chairman of LVMH, met Frank Gehry, and told him of plans for a new building for the Louis Vuitton Foundation for Creation on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne. The building project was first presented in 2006, with costs estimated at around €100 million ($127 million) and plans to open in late 2009 or early 2010. Suzanne Pagé, then director of the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, was named the foundation’s artistic director in charge of developing the museum's program.  The city of Paris which owns the park granted a building permit in 2007. In 2011, an association for the safeguard of the Bois de Boulogne won a court battle, as the judge ruled the centre had been built too close to a tiny asphalt road deemed a public right of way. Opponents to the site had also complained that a new building would disrupt the verdant peace of the historic park. The city appealed the court decision. Renowned French architect Jean Nouvel backed Gehry and said of the objectors: "With their little tight-fitting suits, they want to put Paris in formalin. It's quite pathetic." Eventually a special law was passed by the Assemblée Nationale that the Fondation was in the national interest and "a major work of art for the whole world," which allowed it to proceed.  The museum opened to the public in October, at a reported cost of $143 million. However, in May 2017, "Marianne", a French news magazine, revealed that the final cost of the building had been €780 million (close to $900 million).  Before the official opening, it provided the venue for Louis Vuitton’s women’s spring/summer 2015 fashion show.

Architecture.

Design.

Upon Arnault's invitation, Frank Gehry visited the garden, and imagined an architecture inspired by the glass Grand Palais, and also by the structures of glass, such as the Palmarium, which was built for the Jardin d'Acclimatation in 1893. The building site is designed after the founding principles of 19th century landscaped gardens. It connects the building with the Jardin d'Acclimatation at north, and the Bois de Boulogne to the south.  The two-story structure has 11 galleries of different sizes (in total 41,441 square feet), a voluminous 350-seat auditorium on the lower-ground floor and multilevel roof terraces for events and art installations. Gehry had to build within the square footage and two-story volume of a bowling alley that previously stood on the site; anything higher had to be glass. The resulting glass building takes the form of a sailboat's sails inflated by the wind. These glass sails envelop the "iceberg", a series of shapes with white, flowery terraces.  The galleries on the upper floors are lit by recessed or partially hidden skylights.  The side of the building facing Avenue Mahatma Gandhi, right above the ticket booth, holds a large stainless-steel "LV" logo designed by Gehry.  According to Gehry's office, more than 400 people contributed design plans, engineering rules, and construction constraints to a shared Web-hosted 3D digital model. The 3,600 glass panels and 19,000 concrete panels that form the façade were simulated and then molded by industrial robots working off the common model. STUDIOS architecture was the local architect for the project spearheading the transition from Gehry's schematic design through the construction process in Paris to building space. The consultants for the auditorium were Nagata Acoustics and AVEL Acoustics for the acoustics and dUCKS Scéno as scenographer.

Construction.

Construction began in March 2008. The realization of the 126,000-square-foot project required innovative technological developments, from the design phase with the use of 3D design software, Digital Project, specially adapted for the aviation industry. All teams in project management worked simultaneously on the same digital model so that professionals could exchange information in real time.  Opposing this building project, an organization that protects the park, Coordination for the Safeguarding of the Bois de Boulogne, appealed to the Administrative Justice and successfully challenged both the land authorization, issued by a decision of the Council of Paris, and the building permit, leading to the latter being canceled on January 20, 2011. To save the museum project, the city of Paris changed its planning regulations concerning land usage. In April 2011, concerning the building permit, the city and the Louis Vuitton Foundation received approval to continue the work. The association then appealed to the Constitutional Council by filing a priority issue of constitutionality (QPC) targeting the permit but on 24 February 2012 the challenge was rejected by the Constitutional Council.  In 2012, construction of the building reached a milestone with the installation of glass sails. These sails are made of 3,584 laminated glass panels, each unique and specifically curved to fit the shapes drawn by the architect. The gallery sections are covered in a white fiber-reinforced concrete called Ductal. The teams participating in the construction of the building have been awarded several architectural awards in France and the U.S.

Collection.

The museum's collection, believed to be a combination of works owned by LVMH and Bernard Arnault, include works by Jean-Michel Basquiat, Gilbert & George and Jeff Koons. For site-specific installations, the foundation commissioned works by Ellsworth Kelly, Olafur Eliasson, Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller (starring Scott Tixier and Tony Tixier), Sarah Morris, Taryn Simon, Cerith Wyn Evans and Adrián Villar Rojas.  Kelly made a curtain, "Spectrum VIII" (2014), consisting of 12 coloured strips, for the building’s auditorium. Eliasson created "Inside the Horizon" (2014), made up of 43 prism-shaped yellow columns that are illuminated from the inside and placed along a walkway. Villar Rojas created a water tank containing found objects, discarded sneakers and plants, installed under one of the 12 glass "sails" that provide the Fondation’s signature, swerving shape.

Management.

Funding.

The museum was funded by LVMH and bears the name (and logo) of its flagship brand, Louis Vuitton. The building will pass into the hands of the city’s government after 55 years.

The building of the Louis Vuitton Foundation (previously Louis Vuitton Foundation for Creation, in French "Fondation Louis-Vuitton pour la création"), started in 2006, is an art museum and cultural center sponsored by the group LVMH and its subsidiaries. It is run as a legally separate, nonprofit entity as part of LVMH's promotion of art and culture.


Lyrics and music.

The lyrics quote fragments of fairy tales as read from a book to the singer by his mother ("read(ing) the scribbly black", referring to writing in a book as a child sees it), and in the chorus he implores her to "tell me more". "Matilda Mother" represents a common theme in Barrett's work: his nostalgia for childhood and awareness that it could not be regained.  The song begins with an unusual bass and organ interlude. Roger Waters repeatedly plays the B on the 16th fret of the G-string by varying the lower note from D to F# on the D string. Unlike many older beat and pop songs, the guitar rarely plays chords, and most unusually for Western music, Wright provides an organ solo in the F# Phrygian dominant scale with a natural sixth instead of its typical flatted counterpart. The song ends with a simple E "mixolydian"-based waltz with wordless vocal harmonies of Wright and Barrett.  Barrett originally wrote the song around verses from Hilaire Belloc's "Cautionary Tales", in which a series of naughty children, including Matilda, receive their (often gruesome) comeuppance. He was forced to rewrite and re-record the track when Belloc's estate unexpectedly denied permission to use these lyrics.

Later release.

On the "Masters of Rock" compilation album, the song was misspelled "Mathilda Mother".

Alternative versions.

A previously unreleased alternative version was released in a 40th anniversary reissue of "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn"; parts of this version's lyrics are also from Belloc's "Cautionary Tales", i.e. and, whereas the chorus is the same as in the standard version.  A different, stereo remix of the same alternative version was also released on the Barrett compilation, "An Introduction to Syd Barrett" in 2010. An extended version of this 2010 mix appeared in the Pink Floyd compilation box set The Early Years 1965–1972.

"Matilda Mother" is a song by British band Pink Floyd, featured on their 1967 debut album, "The Piper at the Gates of Dawn". Written by Syd Barrett, it is sung mostly by Richard Wright with Barrett joining in on choruses and singing the whole last verse. It was the first song recorded for the album.


Life and career.

2013–15: The Voice Belgique and Eurovision Song Contest.

Loïc Nottet auditioned for "The Voice Belgique" and reached second place in the final of the third season, behind the winner Pagna. He was in the team of B.J. Scott. He cites Imagine Dragons, Lana Del Rey, Sia and Dua Lipa as his inspirations.

List of songs performed on "The Voice Belgique".

On 3 November 2014, Belgium's French language state broadcaster, Radio Télévision Belge Francophone (RTBF), announced Nottet as the Belgian representative for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 to be held in Vienna, Austria. On 10 March 2015, "Rhythm Inside", his entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015, was presented (co-written by his Voice mentor). The song went to number one on both the Flanders and Wallonia Ultratop charts. Performing in the first semi final of the competition, Nottet was successful in progressing to the final, coming second in his semi final with 149 points. During the Jury Final (following Australia), he could be barely seen on stage due to heavy use of smoke machines and pyrotechnics from the Australian Act. His delegation was rumoured to have lodged a complaint about this, saying that it would affect part of their final score. While they requested to perform again, this was apparently denied, instead telling juries to disregard the smoke. In the Grand Final, the Belgian entry scored a total of 217 points leaving "Rhythm Inside" in fourth position overall, giving Belgium its first top five placement since 2003. It received the maximum 12 points from three countries; Netherlands, France and Hungary. The song was certified Platinum for selling 30,000 copies in Belgium. Nottet has released three different music videos for Rhythm Inside (including one called the "Alice in Nightmareland" version). After the contest, "Rhythm Inside" reached the top ten in the Austrian, Lithuanian and Russian Music Charts, achieving top 20 in Finland, Iceland and Sweden and also charting in Australia, UK, France, Switzerland and many more European countries.  Loic has sung at NJR park Uitmarkt Symphonica. On 24 October 2015, he took part in and won the sixth series of the French TV show "Danse avec les stars".

2016–2017: "Selfocracy".

Nottet's single "Million Eyes", part of his first album, was released on 27 October 2016. The video was filmed on 5 October 2016. Nottet announced the album would feature a concept, different characters and several music videos. The song charted at number two on the Wallonia Ultratop chart and number two in France. The song was certified gold in Belgium and France. On the evening of 1 March 2017, Nottet announced his debut album via social media. "Selfocracy". was released on March 31 and managed to top the chart in Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia). It also charted at number three in Ultratop Flanders, number eight in France and number twenty in Switzerland.  On 22 and 23 April 2017, Nottet presented his first concerts after the release of his album. He has performed two concerts, which both sold out quickly, in the Ancienne Belgique (l'AB) in Brussels.  Nottet won the Best Belgian Act category at the "2017 MTV Europe Music Awards" which aired on 12 November 2017.  Throughout 2017 Nottet toured on the Selfocracy tour in Belgium which also reached the UK, France, Germany and more. The tour finished in early August 2018.

2018–present: "Sillygomania" and "Candy".

In October 2019, Nottet announced "Candy", an Halloween themed extended-play released on 31 October, alongside a musical short film titled "CANDY", which contains all five songs from the record, which premiered the same day on Youtube.  Nottet's second studio album, "Sillygomania", was released on 29 May 2020.

Loïc Nottet (, born 10 April 1996) is a Belgian singer, songwriter and dancer. He began his career as a singer in the third season of "The Voice Belgique" in 2014 and represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 which was held in Vienna, Austria, where he placed fourth with his original song "Rhythm Inside".


List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches

Launch statistics.

Rockets from the Falcon 9 family have been launched times over, resulting in full mission successes (), one partial success (CRS-1 delivered its cargo to the ISS, but a secondary payload was stranded in a lower-than-planned orbit), and one failure (the CRS-7 spacecraft was lost in flight). Additionally, one rocket and its payload Amos-6 were destroyed before launch in preparation for an on-pad static fire test.  The first rocket version Falcon 9 v1.0 was launched five times from June 2010 to March 2013, its successor Falcon 9 v1.1 15 times from September 2013 to January 2016, and the latest upgrade Falcon 9 Full Thrust times from December 2015 to present, 26 of which using a re-flown first stage booster. Falcon Heavy was launched once in February 2018, incorporating two refurbished first stages as side boosters, and then again in April and June 2019, the June flight reusing the side booster from the previous flight. The final "Block 4" booster to be produced was flown in April 2018, and the first Block 5 version in May 2018. While Block 4 boosters were only flown twice and required several months of refurbishment, Block 5 versions are designed to sustain 10 flights with just inspections, possibly on a 24-hour turnover.  The rocket's first-stage boosters have been recovered in of landing attempts (), with out of for the latest version, Block 5.

Past launches.

2014.

With six launches, SpaceX became the second most prolific American company in terms of 2014 launches, behind Atlas V rockets.

2015.

With 7 launches in 2015, Falcon 9 was the second most launched American rocket behind Atlas V.

2016.

With 8 successful launches for 2016, SpaceX equalled Atlas V for most American rocket launches for the year.

2017.

With 18 launches throughout 2017, SpaceX had the most prolific yearly launch manifest of all rocket families.

2018.

In November 2017, Gwynne Shotwell expected to increase launch cadence in 2018 by about 50% compared to 2017, leveling out at a rate of about 30 to 40 per year, not including launches for the planned SpaceX satellite constellation Starlink. The actual launch rate increased by 17% from 18 in 2017 to 21 in 2018, giving SpaceX the second most launches for the year for a rocket family, behind China's Long March.

2019.

Shotwell declared in May 2019 that SpaceX might conduct up to 21 launches in 2019, not counting Starlink missions. but by September she declared that there will be at most 18 total launches. SpaceX ended up launching only 13 rockets throughout 2019, significantly fewer than in 2017 and 2018, and third most launches of vehicle class behind China's Long March and Russia's R-7 rockets.

Future launches.

Future launches are listed chronologically when firm plans are in place. The order of the later launches is much less certain, as the official SpaceX manifest does not include a schedule. Tentative launch dates are cited from various sources for each launch. Launches are expected to take place "no earlier than" (NET) the listed date.

2020.

In late 2019, Gwynne Shotwell stated that SpaceX hopes for as many as 24 launches for Starlink satellites in 2020, in addition to 14 or 15 non-Starlink launches. She noted that second stages may need to be built slightly faster in order to allow SpaceX to aim for a total of 35 to 38 flights for the year.

2021.

SpaceX aims to have up to 54 launches for Falcon 9 and another 10 for Falcon Heavy for 2021 from Florida according to its environmental assessment.

2022.

SpaceX aims to have over 60 launches every year from Florida alone according to an environmental assessment.

2023 and beyond.

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Since June 2010, rockets from the Falcon 9 family have been launched times, with full mission successes, one partial failure and one total loss of spacecraft (numbers current as of ). In addition, one rocket and its payload were destroyed on the launch pad in the fueling process before a static fire test.


Practice.

Future Systems proposals adapted construction methods from other professions, including (most commonly) the curved monocoque shell structures found in aircraft design, car design and boat building.  In the 1990s the company moved from theoretical projects to fee-paying work with projects such as the "spacecraft-like" Media Centre at Lord's Cricket Ground in London (completed 1999), and the Selfridges Building (completed 2003). For Lord's, Kaplicky received the Stirling Prize. The Selfridges department store is a prime example of the early 21st century movement referred to as "blobitecture", and has been compared to Peter Cook's Kunsthaus in Graz, Austria.  After Future Systems won the Stirling Prize, the firm received larger commissions including the Enzo Ferrari Museum in Modena, Italy (2009) and the unbuilt new Czech National Library. In 2008 Kaplický and Levete split the firm. Kaplický took the firm name and some staff to the Czech republic, and Levete would take a proposed new headquarters for News Corporation in east London and a commission for a hotel and retail complex in Bangkok, Thailand, along with most of the staff – between 35 and 45 people.

History.

1979 Founded by Jan Kaplicky and David Nixon while working at Foster Associates.  1989 Joined by Amanda Levete who arrives from Richard Rogers & Partners to become a partner.  1994 Completed the well received Hauer-King house in Islington.  1999 Won the Stirling Prize for Lord's Cricket Ground media centre.  2003 Completed the Selfridges building at the regenerated Bull Ring shopping centre in Birmingham.  2007 Won the commission for the controversial Czech National Library.  2008 Split into two practices after Kaplicky and Levete officially separate as business partners.  2008 Submits design of London Routemaster bus.  2008 Czech National Library project cancelled by Prague authorities.  2009 Jan Kaplický dies on 14 January 2009 in Prague, Czech Republic. A month later the final few staff working for Kaplický/Future Systems in Levete's offices were let go.

Future Systems was a London-based architectural and design practice, formerly headed by Directors Jan Kaplický and Amanda Levete. Future Systems was founded by Kaplický and David Nixon after working with Denys Lasdun, Norman Foster, Renzo Piano, and Richard Rogers in 1979. The work of Future Systems can be classified within the British high-tech architects as either bionic architecture or amorphous, organic shapes sometimes referred to as "blobitecture". "Compared to his peers, Kaplicky was the avant-garde incarnate, relentlessly pursuing the new new thing, refusing to settle into some predictable, and comfortable, architectural niche."


Early life.

Ester Ledecká was born in Prague, to mother Zuzana, a figure skater and father Janek Ledecký, a well-known musician in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. She comes from a sporting family: her grandfather is former ice hockey player Jan Klapáč, who was a seven-time World Championship and two-time Olympic medallist. In 2014, she was still at high school, attending a distance-learning programme in Prague.  Ice hockey was the first sport she took up as a child, before taking up skiing at the age of four and later adding snowboarding. Her hobbies include playing the guitar and singing. She also enjoys participating in summer sports such as beach volleyball and windsurfing.

Career.

Ledecká competed in her first World Cup tournament in the 2012–13 competition, finishing in 13th place in the parallel giant slalom event. In March 2013, at the age of 17, she won gold in the parallel slalom event at the Junior World Championships, her second gold of the competition. She was named "Junior Sportsperson of the year" at the Czech Republic's 2013 Sportsperson of the Year awards.  During the 2013–14 FIS Snowboard World Cup, Ledecká placed second behind Patrizia Kummer in the first parallel slalom event in Bad Gastein and third in the second event. She subsequently won gold at Rogla in the parallel giant slalom event at the same competition, becoming the first Czech to do so. In doing so, she also became just the third Czech to win any World Cup snowboarding event.  Ahead of the 2014 Winter Olympics, "The Daily Telegraph"'s Andrew Lawton mentioned Ledecká as the "one to watch" in the women's snowboarding competition. She was among the Czech athletes most expected to win a medal at the games, along with Martina Sáblíková, Gabriela Soukalová and fellow snowboarder Eva Samková. After she had finished ninth in qualifying for the alpine skiing event at the Winter Olympics, the Czech Ski Association attempted to register her as a competitor, however the FIS rejected the proposal, reiterating that only eight Czechs could compete.  Ledecká made her Olympic debut at the 2014 Winter Olympics on 19 February 2014 in the parallel giant slalom snowboarding event. She reached the quarter final stage before being eliminated by Patrizia Kummer, who went on to win the gold medal in the event. Ledecká was classified as seventh overall.  Ledecká has combined her snowboarding career with competing in alpine skiing: she made her debut on the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in February 2016, finishing 24th in her first race, the Kandahar downhill in Garmisch. She went on to score points in four of her first five World Cup races, competing in the downhill and Super-G disciplines. In 2017 she became the first sportsperson to compete in World Championships in both skiing and snowboarding, taking a gold in the parallel giant slalom and a silver in the parallel slalom at the Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships in Sierra Nevada, Spain, and scoring top 30 finishes in the downhill, super-G and alpine combined at the Alpine Skiing World Championships in St. Moritz, Switzerland.  Ledecká made her Olympic debut in alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics, while also being qualified for alpine snowboarding. She won the gold medal in super-G in alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics in a historic upset. She was visibly shocked after finishing 0.01 seconds ahead of the 2014 Olympics defending gold medalist Anna Veith, who had already been proclaimed the winner by many media outlets. Ledecká was ranked 49th in the event prior to the Olympics and had never medalled in any World Cup level international skiing event. To make the feat even more surprising to reporters, she was rumored to be allegedly racing on skis borrowed from Mikaela Shiffrin (both racers are sponsored by Atomic). She refused to remove her goggles for the post-victory press conference, insisting that this is her trademark (which is true), and when pressed by reporters she cleverly stated that she had skipped wearing makeup as she had not expected to win the event. Her snowboard coach, American Justin Reiter, arrived at the start of the Ladies PGS event with his reversible Czech team jacket confidently already turned gold side out. After victory in the parallel giant slalom she became the first ever female athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in two different disciplines during the same Winter Olympics (Anfisa Reztsova had previously won gold in different disciplines but not at the same Olympics: cross country skiing in 1988 and biathlon in 1992 and 1994). Ledecká was chosen as the flag bearer for the Czech Republic at the closing ceremony.  In the 2018-19 Alpine Ski World Cup, Ledecká finished 24th in the downhill standings and 28th in super-G. In December 2019, Ledecká scored her first win on the Alpine Ski World Cup in a downhill at Lake Louise, eclipsing her previous personal best World Cup downhill result of seventh at the same venue two years previously.

World Cup results.

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Ester Ledecká (, born 23 March 1995) is a Czech snowboarder and alpine skier. At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, Ledecká won gold medals in the super-G in alpine skiing, and in the parallel giant slalom in snowboarding, becoming the first person to win two gold medals at the same Winter Olympics using two different types of equipment (skis and snowboard). She was the second woman to win Olympic gold in two separate disciplines but the first to do so at the same Winter Olympics. She was the first Czech to win the parallel giant slalom in snowboarding at the FIS Snowboard World Cup.


Plot.

Dr. Unger (Embeth Davidtz), CEO of Europa Ventures, narrates the story of the Europa One mission. Six astronauts embark on a privately funded mission to Jupiter's moon Europa to find potential sources of life. The crew members are commander William Xu (Daniel Wu), pilot Rosa Dasque (Anamaria Marinca), chief science officer Daniel Luxembourg (Christian Camargo), marine biology science officer Katya Petrovna (Karolina Wydra), junior engineer James Corrigan (Sharlto Copley) and chief engineer Andrei Blok (Michael Nyqvist).  After six months of mission time, a solar storm hits the ship, knocking out communication with mission control. Blok and Corrigan perform an extra-vehicular activity (EVA) to repair the system from outside but an accident rips Blok's suit. While he is being guided back into the airlock, Blok notices that Corrigan's suit has been coated with hydrazine and he cannot enter the airlock or else he would contaminate the rest of the ship. Blok attempts to save Corrigan by taking him out of his suit, but he blacks out from a lack of oxygen. Knowing there is no hope for himself, Corrigan pushes Blok into the airlock, thus propelling himself away from the ship as it continues its journey to Europa. Stranded, he dies in space; the crew continue with the mission, demoralized by Corrigan's death.  After twenty months, the ship goes into orbit around Europa and its lunar lander lands safely on Europa but misses its target zone. The crew drills through the ice and releases a probe into the underlying sea. Blok, who is sleep-deprived and eliciting concern in the rest of the crew, sees a light outside the ship but he is unable to record it or otherwise convince the crew of its occurrence. The probe is struck by an unknown lighted object and contact with it is lost.  Petrovna insists on collecting samples on Europa's surface; the crew votes and she is allowed to go. Analyzing the samples, Luxembourg discovers traces of a single-celled organism. Petrovna sees a blue light in the distance and decides to investigate it. As she approaches the light the ice below her breaks and she falls through. Her head-mounted camera continues to broadcast, displaying her terrified face as the blue bioluminescence is reflected in her eyes, before cutting out.  The crew agrees to leave to report their discovery to Earth but the engines malfunction. As the lander hurtles back to Europa's surface, Xu unbuckles from his seat to dump water shielding to reduce the impact speed. Remarkably, the ship crashes at the originally-targeted landing site. On impact, Xu is killed and the lander is damaged, leaking oxygen and losing heat. It begins to sink into the ice.  Blok and Luxembourg suit up to make repairs outside the ship. Luxembourg tries to descend but falls through the ice. Blok knows that there is no chance that he alone will be able to repair the lander before it sinks. Instead, he manages to fix the communication link to the orbiting mother ship, at the expense of turning off the life support systems, just before the same blue light Petrovna saw approaches and he appears to fall through the ice as well.  Dasque re-establishes communication with Earth; all the collected images and data that have been saved since the solar storm are relayed to Earth via the mother ship, just as the ice cracks and the lander begins to sink. Alone and anticipating her death, Dasque opens the airlock to flood the lander in hopes of revealing the source of the light. As the water rises to the cockpit, she sees a tentacled, bioluminescent creature rising toward her, before the camera cuts out.  In the epilogue, Unger confirms that the crew of Europa had discovered life and exceeded every expectation, as the footage plays from an earlier scene of the crew posing in front of the camera.

Production.

Filming took place in Brooklyn, New York. The first image from the film was revealed on February 11, 2012. A viral website to promote the film was launched shortly afterward.  The screenplay was written by Philip Gelatt and the production design was done by Eugenio Caballero. It was scored by Bear McCreary. The movie is a found footage film and follows a nonlinear progression.  The crew used as inspiration real footage from the International Space Station and space walks from the space shuttle. The space ship was designed through computer graphics, giving high detail to the camera angles to be used in the film. Weightlessness was simulated with balance balls, suspension from wires was used for interior shots. The flooding ship was filmed on a one-third scale model.  The aspect of the moon Europa was based for accuracy on data from NASA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) maps of the moon's surface. The creature's design included bio-luminescence from the initial concepts. The visual effects supervisor stated that the creature was based on a cross of an octopus and a squid, with early sketches resembling a jellyfish and a manta ray.  An online trailer was released on May 20, 2012. The film was released on Video on Demand, iTunes, and Google Play Movies & TV on June 27, 2013, and was released theatrically on August 2, 2013.

Reception.

Critical response.

"Europa Report" has received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 81% "Certified Fresh" rating based on 79 reviews, its summary reading, "Claustrophobic and stylish, "Europa Report" is a slow-burning thriller that puts the science back into science fiction." Review aggregation website Metacritic gives a rating of 68 out of 100 based on reviews from 25 critics, which indicates "generally favorable" reviews.  Justin Chang, of "Variety" magazine, called the film "A reasonably plausible and impressively controlled achievement." while space.com said the film was "One of the most thrilling and realistic depictions of space exploration since "Moon" or ""." Fearnet said the film was "One of the most sincere, suspenseful and fascinating science fiction films of the past few years."  The film was nominated for the Bradbury Award by the members of SFWA.

Europa Report is a 2013 science fiction film directed by Sebastián Cordero, starring Christian Camargo, Anamaria Marinca, Michael Nyqvist, Daniel Wu, Karolina Wydra and Sharlto Copley. A found footage film, it recounts the fictional story of the first crewed mission to Europa, one of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. Despite a disastrous technical failure that causes the loss of all communications with Earth mission control and a series of crises, the crew continues its mission to Europa and finds mounting evidence of life on the moon.