Background.

Born at Sydney Lodge, in Hamble le Rice, Hardwicke was the eldest son of Admiral Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke, second son of Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor, by his second wife, Agneta Johnson. He was a nephew of Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke. He was educated at Harrow and at the Royal Naval College, where he was awarded the second medal.

Naval career.

Hardwicke entered the Royal Navy in May 1815 as midshipman on, the flagship at Spithead. Later, he served in the Mediterranean, on (18) and (74) then subsequently (100), the flagship of Lord Exmouth, by whom he was entrusted with the command of a gunboat at the bombardment of Algiers. He later joined (60) under the flag of Sir David Milne, on the North American station, where he was given the command of the "Jane", a small vessel carrying dispatches between Halifax and Bermuda. He was then appointed acting lieutenant of (18) and after a few months commissioned in the rank of lieutenant in August 1819. The next October, he joined the frigate on the Halifax station, until appointed to the command of in 1823 on the Mediterranean station, in this post he was employed, before and after he obtained the rank of captain in 1825, in watching the movements of the Turko-Egyptian forces and in the suppression of piracy.  Between 1828 and 1831, he took command of (28), on the same station and took an active part in the naval operation in connection with the struggle between Greece and Turkey. Lastly, between 1844 and 1845, for short periods, he assumed command of the steam yacht HMS "Black Eagle" and (120), in which he carried the Emperor of Russia, Nicholas I, to England. He attained flag rank in 1838. In 1849, while commanding, he acted as a mediator between the Mazzinian rebel and the Kingdom of Sardinia during the rebellion in Genoa following the defeat during the First War of Independence. For this actions, he was decorated by the Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel II with a Gold Medal of Military Valour, which he was authorized to accept by Queen Victoria only in 1855. In 1858, he retired from the active list with the rank of rear-admiral, becoming vice-admiral in the same year, and admiral in 1863. He retired from the Royal Navy in 1870.

Political career.

Hardwicke represented Reigate in the House of Commons between 1831 and 1832 and Cambridgeshire between 1832 and 1834. In 1834, on the death of his uncle, he became the fourth Earl of Hardwicke, and inherited the substantial Wimpole estate in Cambridgeshire. He was a member of Lord Derby's cabinet in 1852 as Postmaster General and as Lord Privy Seal between 1858 and 1859. In 1852 he was sworn of the Privy Council.

Family.

Hardwicke married the Honourable Susan Liddell, sixth daughter of Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, in August 1833. They had five sons and three daughters, including Charles Philip and Lady Mary Catherine, whose daughter Isabel Sophie married Charles Gordon-Lennox, 7th Duke of Richmond.  Hardwicke died in September 1873, aged 74, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Charles. The Countess of Hardwicke died in November 1886.  He also supposedly fathered an illegitimate child by one Charlotte Pratt, a serving girl at his Wimpole Hall home. Charlotte got married in 1849, and the following was noted in the marriage register:  "The year before this marriage, 18-year-old servant girl Charlotte gave birth to a son, James Pratt, who was baptised on 2 April 1848. The father was understood to have been her employer, the 4th Earl of Hardwicke. "Charlotte... was a Pratt; and she was a picture. The handsomest woman that I ever remember to have seen. In harvest time to see her swinging along the road with a bundle of corn balanced on her head, both arms akimbo, was a study in colour, figure and poise". - A.C.Yorke"

Admiral Charles Philip Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke, PC (2 April 1799 – 17 September 1873) was a British naval commander and Conservative politician.


Community resilience planning.

A community resilience plan is an action plan that allows for a community to rebuild after disaster. The plan should entail specific guidelines that will aid the community to rebuild both the economy and the ecosystem that the community thrives on. This typically means there are measures in place that a community will follow, such as the distribution of volunteers, and the access to knowledge and resources necessary to rebuild. Adaptability is a key attribute which means prevention can occur in response or before disaster strikes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has a Community Resilience department tasked with solving this problem. This agency has created a Community Resilience Planning Guide, and its aim is to assist communities with anticipating challenges through a practical application that takes into account the social needs of the community as well as dependencies on the "built environment" - buildings and infrastructure systems. The outline of the six step process is shown below:

Classification of hazards.

The scope of community resilience extends beyond natural disasters and include manmade events. Below are an example of disasters communities face on a daily basis:

Dependencies and cascading failures.

Infrastructure systems such as buildings, water, electric power, transportation, and communication are all interconnected and interdependent networks or systems. This means that a failure in one network can have catastrophic impact on another system. When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, LA on August 23, 2005, it caused network outages in transportation and power networks which led to system failure and impedance in others such communication and emergency services.

Community resilience is the sustained ability of a community to use available resources (energy, communication, transportation, food, etc.) to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations (e.g. economic collapse to global catastrophic risks). This allows for the adaptation and growth of a community after disaster strikes. Communities that are resilient are able to minimize any disaster, making the return to normal life as effortless as possible. By implementing a community resilience plan, a community can come together and overcome any disaster, while rebuilding physically and economically.


Early life, education and family.

Al-Asaad was born in Palmyra in 1932, and lived there most of his life. He held a diploma in history and was educated at the University of Damascus. Al-Asaad was the father of eleven children: six sons and five daughters, one of whom was named Zenobia after the well-known Palmyrene queen.

Career.

Archaeologist.

During his career, he engaged in the excavations and restoration of Palmyra. He had become the principal custodian of the Palmyra site for 40 years since 1963. His own expeditions focused on the late third-century ramparts of Palmyra. He worked with American, Polish, German, French and Swiss archaeological missions. His achievement is the elevation of Palmyra to a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He was also fluent in Aramaic and regularly translated texts until 2011.  From 1974 onward, Al-Asaad organised exhibitions of Palmyran antiques.  When he retired in 2003, his son Walid took over his work at Palmyra. They both were reportedly detained by ISIS in August 2015; the fate of his son is not yet known.

Politics.

It is believed that he joined the Syrian Ba'ath Party around 1954. However, it is not clear whether he was an active supporter of the Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad. According to "The Economist", some have said he was a "staunch supporter" of Assad.

Death.

In May 2015, Tadmur (the modern city of Palmyra) and the adjacent ancient city of Palmyra came under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).  Al-Asaad helped evacuate the city museum prior to ISIS's takeover, but he himself was captured by ISIS during that time. He was then tortured in an attempt to get him to reveal the location of the ancient artefacts that he had helped to hide. He was murdered in Tadmur on 18 August 2015 at the age of 83.  "The New York Times" reported:After detaining him for weeks, the jihadists dragged him on Tuesday to a public square where a masked swordsman cut off his head in front of a crowd, Mr. Asaad's relatives said. His blood-soaked body was then suspended with red twine by its wrists from a traffic light, his head resting on the ground between his feet, his glasses still on, according to a photo distributed on social media by Islamic State supporters.  A placard hanging from the waist of his dead body listed al-Asaad's alleged crimes: being an "apostate", representing Syria at "infidel conferences", serving as "the director of idolatry" in Palmyra, visiting "Heretic Iran" and communicating with a brother in the Syrian security services.  His body was reportedly displayed in the new section of Palmyra (Tadmur) and then in the ancient section, whose treasures ISIS had already demolished.  In addition to al-Asaad, Qassem Abdullah Yehya, the Deputy Director of the DGAM Laboratories, also protected the Palmyra site. He also was killed by ISIL while on duty on 12 August 2015. He was 37 years old.

Khaled al-Asaad (,, January 1932 – 18 August 2015) was a Syrian archaeologist and the head of antiquities at the ancient city of Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He held this position for over 40 years. Al-Asaad was publicly beheaded by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) on 18 August 2015, at the age of eighty three.


Definition.

A defining characteristic of clickbait is misrepresentation in the enticement presented to the user to manipulate them to click onto a link. While there is no universally agreed-upon definition of clickbait, Merriam-Webster defines clickbait as "something designed to make readers want to click on a hyperlink, especially when the link leads to content of dubious value or interest." Dictionary.com is states that clickbait is "a sensationalized headline or piece of text on the Internet designed to entice people to follow a link to an article on another web page."  BuzzFeed editor Ben Smith states that his publication doesn't do clickbait, using a strict definition of clickbait as a headline that is dishonest about the content of the article. Smith notes that Buzzfeed headlines such as "A 5-Year-Old Girl Raised Enough Money To Take Her Father Who Has Terminal Cancer To Disney World" deliver exactly what the headline promises. The fact that the headline is written to be eye-catching is irrelevant in Smith's view since the headline accurately describes the article.  Facebook, while trying to reduce the amount of clickbait shown to users, defined the term as a headline that encourages users to click, but doesn't tell them what they will see. However, this definition excludes a lot of content that is generally regarded as clickbait.  A more commonly used definition is a headline that intentionally over-promises and under-delivers. The articles associated with such headlines often are unoriginal, and either merely restate the headline, or copies content from a more genuine news source.  The term clickbait is sometimes used for any article that is unflattering to a person. In such cases, the article is not actually clickbait by any legitimate definition of the term.

Background.

From a historical perspective, the techniques employed by clickbait authors can be considered derivative of yellow journalism, which presented little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead used eye-catching headlines that included exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. One cause of such sensational stories is the controversial practice called checkbook journalism, where news reporters pay sources for their information without verifying its truth. In the U.S. it is generally considered an unethical practice, as it often turns celebrities and politicians into lucrative targets of unproven allegations. According to "Washington Post" writer Howard Kurtz, "this thriving tabloid culture has erased the old definitions of news by including tawdry and sensational stories about celebrities for the sake of profit."

Use.

For sites that thrive on thousands of click-throughs to content, many authors see the use of clickbait as a means to tap into human psyche by crafting these eye-catching headlines. There are also those who use this method for phishing attacks for the purpose of spreading malicious files or stealing user information. The attack occurs once the user opens the link provided to learn more. Clickbait has also been used for political ends and has been blamed for the rise of post-truth politics. Katherine Viner, editor-in-chief at "The Guardian" wrote that "chasing down cheap clicks at the expense of accuracy and veracity" undermined the value of journalism and truth. Emotional subjects with stark headlines are widely shared and clicked, which resulted in what "Slate" described as an "aggregation of outrage" and a proliferation of websites across the political spectrum – including "Breitbart News", "Huffington Post", "Salon", "Townhall" and the Gawker Media blogs – which profited by producing shareable short-form pieces offering simple moral judgements on political and cultural issues.  There are various clickbait strategies, including the composition of headlines of news and online articles that build suspense and sensation, luring and teasing users to click. Some of the popular approaches in achieving these include the presentation of link and images that are interesting to the user, exploiting curiosity related to greed or prurient interest. It is not uncommon, for instance, for these contents to include lewd image or a "make money quick" scheme.

Backlash.

By 2014, the ubiquity of clickbait on the web had begun to lead to a backlash against its use. Satirical newspaper "The Onion" launched a new website, ClickHole, that parodied clickbait websites such as Upworthy and BuzzFeed, and in August 2014, Facebook announced that it was taking technical measures to reduce the impact of clickbait on its social network, using, among other cues, the time spent by the user on visiting the linked page as a way of distinguishing clickbait from other types of content. Ad blockers and a general fall in advertising clicks also affected the clickbait model, as websites moved toward sponsored advertising and native advertising where the content of the article was more important than the click-rate.  As problem attracted interest, tools have been developed to address the clickbait problem. Clickbait detection, for instance, has been integrated in browser applications while digital platforms where contents are shared such as Twitter have updated their respective algorithms to filter clickbait contents. Social media groups, such as Stop Clickbait, combat clickbait by giving a short summary of the clickbait article, closing the "curiosity gap". Clickbait reporting browser plug-ins have been also developed by the research community in order to report clickbait links for further advances in the field based on supervised learning algorithms. Security software providers offer advice on how to avoid harmful clickbait.

Clickbait, a form of false advertisement, uses hyperlink text or a thumbnail link that is designed to attract attention and to entice users to follow that link and read, view, or listen to the linked piece of online content, with a defining characteristic of being deceptive, typically sensationalized or misleading. A "teaser" aims to exploit the "curiosity gap", providing just enough information to make readers of news websites curious, but not enough to satisfy their curiosity without clicking through to the linked content. Click-bait headlines add an element of dishonesty, using enticements that do not accurately reflect the content being delivered. The "-bait" part of the term makes an analogy with fishing, where a hook is disguised by an enticement (bait), presenting the impression to the fish that it is a desirable thing to swallow.


Serbian border.

The border between Hungary and Serbia is long. In June 2015, the Hungarian cabinet approved construction of a high barrier. Construction of the barrier began in early July., Hungary was on track to complete the fence by the end of the year. The fence, which features concertina wire, is being built by contractors and a deployment of 900 soldiers at a cost of 30 billion forints ($106 million) for the 4-meter (13-foot) fence and the construction of two camps to house asylum applicants. By mid-August the barrier was taking shape as a double security fence. There is a hastily constructed outer fence made up of three rows of razor wire, scheduled to be completed by the end of August 2015. Inside that, there is a sturdier barrier 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) tall. The slow pace of the fence's construction led to the resignation of Csaba Hende, the Hungarian defence minister, on 7 September 2015. The first stage of construction was started on 13 July and it was completed and the border sealed by Monday, 14 September.  The immediate impact of the fence was to block entry to Hungary to migrants unwilling to apply for refugee status in Hungary, deflecting the flow to Croatia. As Croatia led the migrants to its border with Hungary, Hungary then started the construction of a second fence along its border with Croatia on 18 September 2015.  On 16 September 2015, migrants prevented by the new fence by crossing the border near Horgoš, Serbia, and Röszke, Hungary, reacted by surging forward and pushing or tearing away a section of the new fence. Hungarian riot police responded with tear gas, causing the migrants to fall back, then regroup and surge forward again, only to be met by another round of tear gas canisters and with water cannon. At this point, some of the migrants began tearing apart a decayed structure, to obtain chunks of concrete which, along with rocks were hurled at police as other rioters built debris fires, filling the air with smoke. The riot subsided as word spread the Hungarian police had opened a nearby gate, but as 200 or 300 migrants walked through the newly opened gate, Hungarian police "surged forward", swinging batons and firing tear gas into the crowd of migrants.  Hungary was widely criticized for its use of tear gas and water cannon against migrants attempting to enter the country. Hungary commented the border security: "the official and legal ways to come to Hungary and therefore to the European Union remain open. That's all we ask from all migrants - that they should comply with international and European law".  In April 2016, Hungarian government announced construction of reinforcements of the barrier, which it described as "temporary". In July 2016, nearly 1,300 migrants were "stuck" on the Serbian side of the border. In August 2016, Orbán announced that Hungary would build another larger barrier on its southern border. On 28 April 2017, the Hungarian government announced it had completed a second fence, long, on the Serbian border.  Funding of the construction of the Hungary-Serbia border fence and border hunters project has increased tension between Hungary and the other EU member states. In 2015, Hungary and Slovakia asked the Court of Justice of the European Union to annul the EU decision to relocate migrants. Although the opinions of the Court's Advocate Generals are not binding on the European Court of Justice, on 26 July 2017, the assigned Advocate General expressed the view that the Hungary and Slovakia claims should be dismissed. About a month after the Advocate General released his opinion, Hungary asked the European Commission to pay up. On 31 August 2017, the Hungarian government requested that the European Union refund half of the border barrier costs (€400 million). This request was denied by the President of the European Commission on 5 September 2017. The Court of Justice of the European Union dismissed Hungary and Slovakia's claims in a judgment dated 6 September 2017.

Croatian border.

On 16 October 2015, Hungary, dissatisfied with EU efforts to coordinate border control, announced that it had completed the fence along the border with Croatia and would close the border at midnight. Since 17 October onwards, thousands of migrants daily were diverted to Slovenia instead.

Slovene border.

On 14 September 2015, Hungary began building a fence on its border with Slovenia, specifically in the area around the Tornyiszentmiklós-Pince border crossing. The razor wire obstacle were removed two days later.

Romanian border.

In mid-September 2015, Hungary was considering a barrier on part of the Romanian border in case of a shift in the migrant flow through this area. , everything is in place if Hungary decides to build a border barrier on the Hungarian-Romanian border—the military is "only waiting for the command from the government".  In October 2017, Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán offered to "help Romania to protect its eastern borders" and added that if illegal migration over Romanian territory continues to grow, Hungary will be forced to build a fence on the common border.

Impact on the number of illegal migrants entering Hungary.

Attempted border entries fell following the barrier's construction. During the month of September 2015 there was a total number of 138,396 migrant entries, and within the first two weeks of November the average daily number of intercepted migrants decreased to only 15, which is a daily reduction of more than 4,500.

Environmental impact.

According to a correspondence published in "Nature" journal, the border barrier can entangle animals in razor wire and endangers wildlife by blocking animal migration, jeopardizing connectivity of species populations by habitat fragmentation (such as the lesser mole-rat).

In 2015, Hungary built a border barrier on its border with Serbia and Croatia. The fence was constructed during the European migrant crisis (see timeline), with the aim to ensure border security by preventing illegal immigrants from entering, and enabling the option to enter through official checkpoints and claim asylum in Hungary in accordance with international and European law. The number of illegal entries to Hungary declined greatly after the barrier was finished as it effectively abolished the access to asylum in Hungary.


History.

Vivaldi began as a virtual community website that replaced My Opera, which was shut down by Opera Software in March 2014. Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner was angered by this decision because he believed that this community helped make the Opera web browser what it was. Tetzchner then launched the Vivaldi Community—a virtual community focused on providing registered users with a discussion forum, blogging service, and numerous other practical web services—to make up for My Opera's closure. Later, on January 27, 2015, Vivaldi Technologies launched the first technical preview of the Vivaldi web browser. Its name comes from the Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, which, according to one of its creators, is an easy name to be remembered and understood worldwide.

Features.

User interface.

Vivaldi has a minimalistic user interface with basic icons and fonts, and a color scheme that changes based on the background and design of the web page being visited. The browser also allows users to customize the appearance of UI elements such as background color, overall theme, address bar and tab positioning, and start pages. According to CEO Jon von Tetzchner, Vivaldi's vast, unique customizability is a huge part of how the browser caters to experienced users. Vivaldi features the ability to "stack" and "tile" tabs, annotate web pages, and add notes to bookmarks. Furthermore, users can place digital bookmarks on a "speed dial" page for quick access and harness "quick commands" to search bookmarks, browsing history, open tabs, and settings. Vivaldi is built around and based on web technologies such as HTML5, Node.js, React.js, and numerous NPM modules. As of Technical Preview 4, Vivaldi also supports numerous mouse gestures for actions like tab switching and keyboard activation. Vivaldi can also be set to a "Chromeless UI", which gives users more screen real-estate and the ability to focus on a single page without distractions. To accommodate users who prefer to use a large number of tabs at the same time, Vivaldi supports hibernation for both individual tabs and for tab stacks, freeing resources while the user does not actively use those tabs.

Extensions.

As a Chromium-based browser, Vivaldi can use many browser extensions developed for Google Chrome, and users can install them directly from the Chrome Web Store. Most of these should work properly in Vivaldi, with the exception of user interface customizations, because Vivaldi's interface is quite different from Chrome's.

Future additions.

The company hopes to integrate an email client into a future version of the browser, and also plans to release their own extension platform.

Market share.

StatCounter estimates that Vivaldi had a 0.02% market share for desktop browsers in May 2020.

Reception.

"Ars Technica" reviewer Scott Gilbertson wrote about version 1.0 in April 2016. He praised its innovative features, such as its tab handling, while noting that it will most likely remain a niche browser and not see widespread uptake. In October 2018, Gilbertson gave version 2.0 a very positive review and stated that Vivaldi is now his usual browser and that he would be hard put to go back to a browser without its unique features.

Vivaldi is a freeware, cross-platform web browser developed by Vivaldi Technologies, a company founded by Opera Software co-founder and former CEO Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner and Tatsuki Tomita. It was officially launched on April 6, 2016.


Process.

In the monograph P.O. Gribovsky, published in 1956, describes in detail the technology of hot casting (hot molding) ceramic products under pressure (now, Low Pressure Powder Injection Molding) and, in particular, notes that "hot casting technology provides the ability to manufacture products from any solid materials, ranging from natural minerals, pure oxides, carbides, metals, etc., and ending with multicomponent composite synthetic materials and their combinations". This indication of the possibility of MIM-casting, which was implemented by Dr. Raymond E. Wiech Jr. in the 1970s, who refined MIM technology as co-founder of a California company named Parmatech, the name being condensed from the phrase "particle materials technology". Wiech later patented his process, and it was widely adopted for manufacturing use in the 1980s.  MIM gained recognition throughout the 1990s as improvements to subsequent conditioning processes resulted in an end product that performs similarly to or better than those made through competing processes. MIM technology improved cost efficiency through high volume production to "net-shape", negating costly, additional operations such as machining although MIM is weak in terms of tight dimensional specifications.  The process steps involve combining metal powders with polymers such as wax and polypropylene binders to produce the "feedstock" mix that is injected as a liquid into a mold using plastic injection molding machines. The molded or "green part" is cooled and ejected from the mold. Next, a portion of the binder material is removed using solvent, thermal furnaces, catalytic process, or a combination of methods. The resulting, fragile and porous (40 volume percent "air") part, is in a condition called the "brown" stage. To improve handling often the debinding and sintering are combined into a single process. Sintering heats the powder to temperatures near the melting point in a protective atmosphere furnace to densify the particles using capillary forces in a process called sintering. MIM parts are often sintered at temperatures nearly high enough to induce partial melting in a process termed liquid phase sintering. For example, a stainless steel might be heated to 1350 to 1400 degrees Celsius). Diffusion rates are high leading to high shrinkage and densification. If performed in vacuum, it is common to reach 96–99% solid density. The end-product metal has comparable mechanical and physical properties with annealed parts made using classic metalworking methods. Post sintering heat treatments for MIM are the same as with other fabrication routes, and with high density the MIM component is compatible with the metal conditioning treatments such as plating, passivating, annealing, carburizing, nitriding, and precipitation hardening.

Applications.

The window of economic advantage in metal injection molded parts lies in complexity and volume for small-size parts. MIM materials are comparable to metal formed by competing methods, and final products are used in a broad range of industrial, commercial, medical, dental, firearms, aerospace, and automotive applications. Dimensional tolerances of ±0.3% are common and machining is required for closer tolerances. MIM can produce parts where it is difficult, or even impossible, to efficiently manufacture an item through other means of fabrication. Ideally, at least 75 dimensional specifications in a component of just 25 mm maximum size and 10 g mass is best – as for example required for watch cases, cellular telephone plugs, and laptop computer hinges. Increased costs for traditional manufacturing methods inherent to part complexity, such as internal/external threads, miniaturization, or identity marking, typically do not increase the cost in a MIM operation due to the flexibility of injection molding.  Other design capabilities that can be implemented into the MIM operation include product codes, part numbers, or date stamps; parts manufactured to their net weight reducing material waste and cost; Density controlled to within 95–98%; Amalgamation of parts and Complex 3D Geometries.  The ability to combine several operations into one process ensures MIM is successful in saving lead times as well as costs, providing significant benefits to manufacturers. The metal injection molding process might be a green technology due to the significant reduction in wastage compared to "traditional" manufacturing methods such as 5 axis CNC machining. However, some of the older operations generate toxic emissions such as formaldehyde, dispose of chlorinated solvents, and must burn off wax or other polymers, leading to greenhouse gas emissions.  There is a broad range of materials available when utilizing the MIM process. Traditional metalworking processes often involve a significant amount of material waste, which makes MIM a highly efficient option for the fabrication of complex components consisting of expensive/special alloys (cobalt-chrome, 17-4 PH stainless steel, titanium alloys and tungsten carbides). MIM is a viable option when extremely thin walls specifications (i.e., 100 micrometers) are required. Additionally, electromagnetic interference shielding requirements have presented unique challenges, which are being successfully attained through the utilization of specialty alloys (ASTM A753 Type 4).

Metal injection molding (MIM) is a metalworking process in which finely-powdered metal is mixed with binder material to create a "feedstock" that is then shaped and solidified using injection molding. The molding process allows high volume, complex parts to be shaped in a single step. After molding, the part undergoes conditioning operations to remove the binder (debinding) and densify the powders. Finished products are small components used in many industries and applications.


Early life.

Wilmès was born on 15 January 1975 in the Ixelles municipality of the Brussels Capital Region. Her father Philippe Wilmès (d. 2010) was a banker and professor of business who served as chief of staff to Jean Gol of the Liberal Reformist Party. Her paternal grandparents were killed in the bombing of Limal during World War II. Her mother is Jewish. She grew up in the town of Grez-Doiceau in Wallonia and studied at university in Brussels, moving to the Flemish suburb Sint-Genesius-Rode as an adult. She has a degree in applied communication and a degree in financial management (Saint-Louis University, Brussels). She worked as an economic and financial adviser in a law firm.

Political career.

In 2000, she became a councillor in Uccle. From 2007 to 2014 Wilmès was First Alderman in charge of Finance, Budget, Francophone Education, Communication and Local Businesses for the town of Sint-Genesius-Rode. From 2014 to 2015 she was a provincial councillor for the province of Flemish Brabant. In October 2014 she was elected to the Chamber of Representatives.  In September 2015, Hervé Jamar announced that he would resign on 1 October 2015 because he was selected as the governor of the province of Liège. Sophie Wilmès was selected to succeed him as minister of the budget in the Michel I Government. In December 2018 she became Minister of Budget, Civil Service, National Lottery and Scientific Policy in the Michel II Government. On 27 October 2019 she became the first female Prime Minister of Belgium, succeeding Charles Michel. She led a caretaker government while negotiations proceeded to form a new coalition government. On 16 March 2020, in response to the Covid-19 outbreak, she was nominated by the King to form a permanent minority government by default. The day after that she was sworn in.  In May 2020, when visiting a hospital, the staff turned their backs to her in protest, after Belgium experienced the highest coronavirus mortality rate in the world and Wilmès claimed the statistics were overestimated.

Personal life.

In May 2009 Wilmès married Australian Chris Stone and they have three daughters Victoria, Charlotte, and Elizabeth. Stone has a son, Jonathan, from a previous relationship.

Sophie Wilmès (; born 15 January 1975) is a Belgian politician who is currently the Prime Minister of Belgium. She is the first female head of government of Belgium and previously held office as the head of a caretaker government until forming a permanent government in March 2020.


The Museum.

The mission of the museum is centered first of all on the study and the diffusion of the Jorge Rando work, as well as on the investigation about poetics of Expressionism, a movement which started at the end of the 19th century and is still pretty active in our times, and thanks to it some of the most fecund contributions to the contemporary western culture, in the wider sense, originated. The study and the representation of the different artistic facets, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, philosophy, literature, cinema, and music, are included among its priorities.  It is a museum which is meant to be the reflection of Jorge Rando's work, originating a cultural philosophy homologated to his thinking. Moved by the motto "Doors are always open... so that people can go inside and the museum goes outside", it has become a museum which looks at the Arts under a spiritual and humanistic perspective.  Entrance and guided tours assistance are all free.

Exhibitions.

Jorge Rando Work.

The rooms host Jorge Rando's artistic production, with an expositive discourse on the move, characterized by the interchange of the artist’s different themed cycles, in order to accompany the artwork of the invited artists.

Temporary Exhibitions.

The temporary exhibitions embrace national and international artists bound to expressionism or neo-expressionism. During its first year it held an exhibition of the drawings of the artist Käthe Kollwitz and on the 14th of the following December there will be inaugurated the first magna exhibition in Spain of the sculptor Ernst Barlach.

La Sala de Estar del Arte.

The museum is meant to be the Living Room of Art (La Sala de Estar del Arte). All throughoutthe year it embraces representations of different artistic disciplines. El color del sonido (The color of the sound) is the cycle dedicated to music; Luces y sombras (Lights and Shadows) is the film screening and discussion cycle, with introduction and a debate at the end; El Gabinet is the cycle dedicated to literature, theatre, and narrative; Arte (Art) is the cycle dedicated to art discussions and Reports, and artistic meetings, while Lo que está pasando (What is going on) is the cycle dedicated to the debate about different themes and issues, coordinated by the UNESCO chair of Communication of Málaga University.

Visits and education.

The museum offers Guided tours, that need neither to be booked nor a minimum number of participants. They are discussions offered by Art Historians, in which prefixed guidelines do not exist: they are meant to be an exchange of impressions related to the visitant requests and the necessities, so that every visit turns into a discovery and a mutual enrichment.  Also personalized tours can be arranged, for groups that have special necessities. There is a program aimed to let expressionism, neo-expressionism, and the contemporary art in general become closer to students, thanks to guided tours, artistic workshops, and debate meetings.

The Building.

The Museum Jorge Rando is an integral part of the Las Mercedarias monastery, in via Cruz del Molinillo, Málaga. It was built on the drawings of the architect D. Manuel Rivera Valentín (1878) and it is considered an emblematic building, mainly of artistic interest. A magnificent specimen of mandarin orange tree stands out in the posterior inner yard of the monastery: more than 140 years ago it was planted by the founder of the monastery.  The adjustment works made to a part of the monastery, in order to turn it into the museum, were started in 2011 by the City Council of Málaga and they finished during the Spring 2014, under the direction of the architect D. José Antonio González Vargas. The strength of expressionist art could not have found a better place than one that preserves such a spiritual implication.

Installations.

The Museum Jorge Rando has combined in its construction the old side of the courtyard with the new installation in béton brut (raw concrete) and Weathering steel. A synergy that combines the spirituality and quietness of the monastery with the strength of the Expressionist art.  It has four exposition rooms illuminated by natural light: this is one of the most relevant points of the construction. Moreover, in the museum there are other spaces like the library, the inner yard and the workshop, which is the space dedicated to the creation of Paintings. A group of artists usually make regular use of it, making it a meeting point where the dialogue between artists, Historians, and visitors is always open, allowing the continuous exchange of opinions and the debate about Art and culture.

Administration.

The direction, administration and all the activities of the museum, such as the exhibition, the cycles of debate related to art and the aesthetics of expressionism, the workshops, and seminars, etc., will be under the direction of the Jorge Rando Foundation.

The Museum Jorge Rando is the first expressionist museum in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. Dedicated to the painter Jorge Rando, it collects his works and it temporally hosts the works of other national and international artists belonging to this movement. It was officially inaugurated on May 28, 2015.


History.

In 1961 Switzerland was one of the first countries in the West that allowed Tibetan refugees to settle in large numbers. Henri and Jacques Kuhn (owner of "Metallwarenfabrik AG Heinrich Kuhn", now "Kuhn Rikon AG") offered work and accommodations to a group of refugees. They helped found a monastic Tibet Institute for spiritual and cultural care of Tibetan people in Switzerland, which would also preserve and maintain the Tibetan culture for future generations. Jacques Kuhn supported the monastic community until his death in January 2017.  The Tibet-Institut Rikon is the only monastery outside Asia that was founded on behalf of the Dalai Lama. It was inaugurated on 9 November 1968 under the name „Kloster zum Rad der Lehre„ (literally: Monastery for the Wheel of Teaching) - but as a “Monastic Tibet Institute,” as the founding of a monastery was not permitted under the then Swiss federal constitution. The Dalai Lama was also not present at the inauguration: the Federal Council banned him from entering the country. He visited the monastery for the first time in 1973.

Institute's building.

The Institute building was designed in a functional western style which incorporates traditional Tibetan elements. The overall design was not based on traditional Tibetan sacred architecture, because this would have reflected the altered role of a Tibetan monastery in the West in a misleading manner.

Cultural and religious life.

Today the Buddhist monastery and its monastic community is a vital part of the cultural and religious life of Tibetan people in Switzerland. The large variety of cultural activities of the Tibet Institute also provide an important forum for the constantly growing number of Western people interested in Buddhism and Tibet. The institute promotes the understanding of Tibetan culture for both the general public and for specialists. It organizes public events, maintains its own library, issues its own publications, provides support to students and researchers, engages in public relations and outreach, and maintains contacts with related institutions. Its project «Science meets Dharma» provides Tibetan monks and nuns access to western scientific culture.  The Tibet Institute Rikon provides for the spiritual and cultural needs of Tibetans in Switzerland, striving to preserve Tibetan culture and religion for the benefit of future generations of Tibetans. It makes Tibetan culture accessible to interested western and other non-Tibetan people. The monastic community supports scientific research in the field of Tibetology and is promoting dialogue between Buddhist philosophy and western science.  The institute also has a publicly accessible special library. With around 11,000 titles of Tibetan-specific documents, it is one of the world's largest Tibetan specialist libraries. The monastery is supported by a foundation that finances about one third of the annual operating expenses. Two thirds come from patrons and sponsors.  Today there are about 8,000 people with Tibetan roots living in Switzerland. In the 1960s, Switzerland took in over a thousand Tibetan refugees. This was after a popular uprising by the Tibetans against Chinese foreign rule failed in 1959 and the Dalai Lama and thousands of his compatriots fled abroad. Switzerland was the first European country to receive Tibetan refugees. In September 2018 the monastery celebrated its 50th anniversary. Once again the Dalai Lama visited the monastic community, and also a special moment for the Tibetan community in Switzerland.

Monastic community.

In 2018 the monastic community in Rikon comprises seven Buddhist monks and the abbot who has been in office since 2011. They represent the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Together with the staff of the institute, they organize events on topics related to Tibetan culture and religion. Also, 20 to 30 school classes visit the monastery every year.. In 2009 the monastic community comprised 9 Tibetan monks. Geshe Phuntsok Tashi, the fourth abbot, was appointed by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1996. Since 2007 the monastery has had representatives of all four great traditions of Tibetan Buddhism: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug.

The Tibet Institute Rikon is a Tibetan monastery located in Zell-Rikon im Tösstal in the Töss Valley in Switzerland. It is an established as a non-profit foundation because Swiss laws resulting from the 19th century secularization movement did until 1973 not allow for the establishment of new monasteries.


History.

China Racing was the second team (behind the Drayson Racing project which then transformed into Trulli GP) to announce its involvement in Formula E, back in March 2013.

2014–15 season.

China Racing announced Nelson Piquet Jr. and Ho-Pin Tung as their drivers for the inaugural season. Over the course of the season, the team has used multiple drivers in the car no. 88, with Tung taking part in three rounds, Antonio García in two rounds, Charles Pic in four rounds, before ultimately picking Oliver Turvey for the final double-header weekend in London. Piquet, on the other hand, completed the full season and managed to win the championship in the final race of the season.  In 2015, the China Racing name and branding had phased out. For the Long Beach ePrix, the team introduced radical changes to their livery, removing the red and yellow which has been previously associated with the team and replacing it with NEXTEV branding. The move was finalised in the following round in Monaco, which the team entered as NEXTEV TCR instead of China Racing.  Despite Piquet winning the championship, NEXTEV TCR only finished fourth in Teams' Championship, as his teammates only added 8 points, the team scoring 152 points in total.

2015–16 season.

NEXTEV TCR chose to develop their own powertrain for the second season and began testing it in the summer of 2015. The team also confirmed Piquet, who was signed on a multi-year deal. Turvey was later confirmed as Piquet's teammate for the season. In 2016, NEXTEV acquired the whole team, which at the time was still partially owned by Team China Racing (hence the 'TCR' part in its name).  The 2015–16 season was a disappointment for the team. Piquet and Turvey only scored 19 points in total, falling down to ninth place in Teams' Championship, only ahead of Trulli, who withdrew from the championship in its early stages. Turvey scored the team's best season result with a sixth place at the first round in Beijing.

2016–17 season.

Piquet and Turvey were retained for the 2016–17 season. The team, previously operated by Campos Racing, was set to form its own operational and engineering team, led by Gerry Hughes. A new branding, NEXTEV NIO, was introduced for the season.  While the team's performance was an improvement over the previous season, it was still unable to compete for either of the Drivers' and Teams' Championships, despite setting pole positions in Hong Kong (with Piquet) and Mexico City (with Turvey). NEXTEV NIO would finish sixth with 59 points.

2017–18 season.

Piquet left the team after a performance clause allowed him to exit the team for Jaguar. Luca Filippi was announced as his replacement, while Turvey stayed with the team. Ma Qinghua joined the team as a reserve driver. During the season, he subbed for Filippi in Paris and Turvey in New York, who was forced to withdraw from the double-header after a hand injury. The NextEV brand was slowly phasing out as the team now competed under the name NIO Formula E Team. The NextEV brand stayed in the name of the powertrain.  NIO cemented their position at the back of the grid and only finished eighth in Teams' Championship with 47 points. Turvey, however, managed a podium finish with a second place in Mexico City.

2018–19 season.

Tom Dillmann and Oliver Turvey were announced as the driver pairing for the 2018–19 season, meaning Turvey would compete for the team for a fourth straight full season. The NextEV brand remained on the car, but the powertrain only featured NIO in its name.  The season would prove to be the biggest disappointment to date as the team only accumulated 7 points over the course of the season, all of them with Turvey, placing them last (eleventh) in Teams' Championship.

2019–20 season.

The team is set to undergo another rebrand, this time due to it being sold to Lisheng Racing. On 10 September 2019, the definitive entry list was revealed, in which the team was listed under the name NIO 333 FE Team. The team will not be using its own powertrains and it instead acquired last year's powertrain from GEOX Dragon. NIO, however, keep their manufacturer status due to their new powertrain being homologated as such by the FIA in late August. Ma Qinghua made his return alongside the mainstay Turvey.

The NIO 333 FE Team is a motor racing team currently competing in the FIA Formula E Championship, an electric racing series. The team is currently owned by Lisheng Racing.


Design.

There were 21 ships in the "Halcyon" class, built in two groups; the first using reciprocating steam engines, with steam turbines in the latter. They were generally smaller versions of the escort sloops. "Niger" and "Salamander" of the reciprocating group used vertical triple expansion engines, instead of the vertical compound engines of their sisters. As a result of the increased installed power they had a half knot speed advantage, even though they used slightly shorter hulls. The turbine ships used the same shorter hulls as "Niger" and "Salamander", but with lower installed power, speed dropped back to.  "Gleaner", "Franklin", "Jason" and "Scott" were completed as unarmed survey vessels, "Sharpshooter" and "Seagull" being converted to follow suit. They were all re-armed and deployed in their original role on the outbreak of war. "Seagull" had the first all-welded hull built for the Royal Navy.

Service history.

"Halcyon"s served in Home waters, at Dunkirk, on Arctic convoy duty, and in the Mediterranean Sea.  On 3 February 1940 (Cdr. J. R. N. Taylor, RN) was sweeping an area north of Kinnaird Head when attacked by enemy aircraft. A bomb pierced the fo'c'sle deck and exploding destroying the fore part of the ship. She remained afloat and was taken in tow by "Halcyon" but steadily flooded and capsized and sank. The wreck was later washed ashore north of Lybster and was sold for scrap. The Commanding Officer and forty of the men were killed in the explosion.  "Halcyon"s were pressed into service as anti-submarine escorts; this task slowly decreasing as the ships specifically designed for this task, such as s, came off the slips. "Halcyon"s accompanied most of the Arctic convoys, serving both as minesweepers and anti-submarine escorts. Several spent extended periods working out of Soviet naval bases in Northern Russia, such as Murmansk. Four "Halcyon"s were lost during this period.

Friendly fire losses.

As the Allied armies advanced following the invasion of Normandy,,, and were assigned to the 1st Minesweeping Flotilla (1MF) clearing Axis minefields north of Normandy to open additional ports to supply the advance. On the afternoon of 27 August 1944, they were sweeping off Cap d'Antifer in preparation for the battleship and monitors and to engage Le Havre coastal artillery delaying the advance of Canadian troops.  The headquarters officer assigning the minesweeping project to 1MF neglected to inform the Flag Officer British Assault Area (Rear‐Admiral Rivett‐Carnac), who was responsible for defending the invasion beaches from E-boats operating out of Le Havre. 1MF was observed on a southwesterly leg of the minesweeping operation and assumed to be German ships proceeding to attack Allied shipping off the invasion beaches. The Admiral's staff requested No. 263 Squadron RAF and No. 266 Squadron RAF to attack the presumed enemy ships. The squadrons responded with 16 Typhoons armed with 20 mm cannon and High Explosive "60 lb" RP-3 unguided rockets. RAF pilots identified 1MF as probably friendly shipping, but upon questioning their orders were told the Royal Navy had no ships in the area.  In a well-executed attack out of the sun at 13:30, the Typhoons sank "Britomart" (Lt. Cdr. Nash, MBE, RNR) and "Hussar" (Lt.Cdr. A. J. Galvin, DSC, RNR); and "Salamander" was damaged so far beyond economical repair she was written off as a constructive total loss. Eighty-six British sailors were killed and 124 more were injured. 1MF identified the Typhoons as friendly, and poor visibility into the sun prevented early recognition of the impending "friendly fire". "Jason" established radio contact to terminate the attack.

The "Halcyon" class was a class of 21 oil-fired minesweepers (officially, "fleet minesweeping sloops") built for the British Royal Navy between 1933 and 1939. They were given traditional small ship names used historically by the Royal Navy and served during World War II.


Early life.

Jebsen was born in Hamburg in 1917, heir to the shipping firm Jebsen & Jebsen. His parents, who both died while Jebsen was still a child, were of Danish origin but held German citizenship after they had moved the company to the country. Early in his life, Jebsen considered his citizenship a convenience, with deep roots remaining in his Danish ancestry. During childhood, he visited England and became enamoured with the country, adopting the mannerisms and the language.  Jebsen attended the University of Freiburg during the 1930s, where he became close friends with Duško Popov. During this time, both showed distaste for the Nazi regime that was emerging in Germany. After graduation, Jebsen moved to England, intending to study at Oxford University, although it appears he never did this. Over the next few years he moved amongst the London social set, befriending P. G. Wodehouse amongst others.

Second World War.

At the outset of the Second World War, Jebsen joined the German military intelligence agency, the, largely to avoid compulsory service in the army. He was given a vague brief as an independent "researcher" and assigned the rank of private. In reality, it meant he could continue his normal activities as an international businessman, so long as he was available to help the when it required.  In 1940, Jebsen arranged an introduction between a senior officer in Belgrade and Duško Popov, whom the Germans hoped to recruit as an agent. The meeting led to Popov's recruitment, upon which he instantly offered his services to the Allies as a double agent. It is likely that Jebsen knew this early on and often passed information to Popov, who believed it was intended for Allied hands.  During the war, Jebsen travelled freely on business although it was not clear what he did. He married Eleonore Bothilde Peterson, an actress from Frankfurt, but had a string of mistresses across Europe. Jebsen's anti-Nazi stance led to clashes with the SS and its intelligence office, the.  Through 1943, Jebsen, Popov and his brother Ivo (also an agent, codenamed Dreadnought) ran an operation to recruit double agents from Yugoslavia. Ivo Popov identified potential candidates who were told they would be working for the British. First, they were sent to Berlin, under the care of Jebsen, for training in the spy school, before ultimately ending up in Britain (via Spain and Portugal) to work for MI5.

Kidnapping and torture.

On, Jebsen was abducted from Lisbon, Portugal, and driven overnight to France. Aloys Schreiber, the head of German counter-intelligence in Lisbon, had invited Jebsen to his office on the pretext of discussing his pending War Merit Medal. After a brief struggle, Jebsen and his friend (Heinz Moldenhauer) were overpowered and bundled into a car.  Jebsen's disappearance was a serious concern for the Allies. He had been privy to a great deal of information, including knowledge of Popov's double agent role and that Agent Garbo's network of subagents was a fiction. He also, most importantly, had familiarity with many details of Operation Fortitude. If he talked, the entire cover plan for the Normandy landings was at risk. After much analysis, the intelligence services decided that Jebsen had been snatched because the believed he was planning to defect, rather than that he had already turned. It is possible that Jebsen was abducted to protect Popov, whom the Germans considered one of their most important agents. As a precaution, the Allies suspended Popov's network of fictional subagents and his transmissions to his German handlers.  Jebsen was first taken to the Gestapo headquarters in Berlin where his torture and interrogation began. After a few weeks, the Allies were encouraged, intercepts of German communications showed the Germans were interested in Jebsen's finances (he had been defrauding a number of SS officers), and there was no mention of his activities as an agent. As time progressed, it appeared that agent Artist had not cracked under pressure and the "Fortitude" deception was safe.  In July 1944, Jebsen was moved to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. When he arrived he had broken ribs and was malnourished, but still harboured thoughts of escape. He told Allied soldiers, also held in the camp that he had been accused of helping the British and when he had refused to talk, his financial fraud had been investigated. Eventually, he got a message to London via British Commando Jack Churchill, but the War Office had no record of Jebsen's name and so the plea for help was ignored. In February 1945, Gestapo agents removed Jebsen from Sachsenhausen, the last sighting of him, and he is presumed to have been murdered soon after. Several attempts to find him after the war were unsuccessful and he was legally declared dead on.

Johann-Nielsen Jebsen, nicknamed "Johnny", was an anti-Nazi German intelligence officer and British double agent (code name Artist) during the Second World War. Jebsen recruited Dušan Popov (who became the British agent Tricycle) to the and through him later joined the Allied cause. Kidnapped from Lisbon by the Germans shortly before the Normandy landings, Jebsen was tortured in prison, spent time in a concentration camp before disappearing and was presumed killed at the end of the war.


Plot.

The series focuses on Asta, a young orphan who was raised from birth after being abandoned at an orphanage along with his fellow orphan, Yuno. While everyone is born with the ability to utilize Mana in the form of, Asta is the only exception. He tries to gain magical power through physical training. Conversely, Yuno was born as a prodigy with immense magical power and the talent to control wind magic. Motivated by a desire to become the next Wizard King, an authority figure second to the king of Clover Kingdom, the two youths developed a friendly rivalry. Yuno obtains a legendary four-leaf grimoire held by the kingdom's first Wizard King. Asta, despite his lack of magic, obtained the mysterious five-leaf grimoire (which cannot be clearly identified by others since it is worn out), which contains mysterious elf swords and rare anti-magic. Afterward, he and Yuno each join a Magic Knight squad as the first step to fulfill their ambitions.

Media.

Manga.

Written and illustrated by Yūki Tabata, "Black Clover" has been serialized in Shueisha's manga anthology "Weekly Shōnen Jump" since February 16, 2015. The manga is Tabata's second series in "Weekly Shōnen Jump": his first series,, was launched in the magazine on November 12, 2012, where it ran for 24 chapters before being cancelled in 2013. The chapters have been collected into "tankōbon" volumes by Shueisha since June 4, 2015. In total, there are 247 chapters and 24 "tankōbon" volumes.  On February 9, 2015, Viz Media announced that they would publish the first three chapters of the series in their "Weekly Shonen Jump" digital magazine as part of their "Jump Start" program in North America. On March 30, 2015, they announced that the series would join their weekly lineup, beginning with chapter 4 on April 6, and publishing at an accelerated rate until the chapters were current with Japan. Plans to release the series in print were announced during their panel at New York Comic Con on October 9, 2015. Shueisha began to simulpublish the series in English on the app and website Manga plus in February 2019.

Spin-offs.

On February 2, 2018, a gag manga spin-off illustrated by Setta Kobayashi titled launched in Shueisha's "Saikyō Jump". The manga has been collected in one "tankōbon" volume.  On September 30, 2018, a manga based on the video game "Black Clover: Quartet Knights" launched on October 7, 2018. The manga finished on April 12, 2020. As of October 3, 2020, it has been collected in twenty-four "tankōbon" volumes.

Anime.

An original video animation produced by Xebec Zwei that is based on the series was shown at the 2016 Jump Festa between November 27 and December 18, 2016. It was bundled with the 11th volume of the manga, which was released on May 2, 2017. A second original video animation was shown at the 2018 Jump Festa.  At the "Black Clover" Jump Festa event on December 18, 2016, an anime television series adaptation by Pierrot was announced. It is directed by Tatsuya Yoshihara, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu writing scripts, Itsuko Takeda doing character designs, and Minako Seki composing the music. The series premiered on October 3, 2017, with the first two seasons each consisted of 51 episodes. Season 3 premiered on October 1, 2019.  Crunchyroll is simulcasting the series, while Funimation is producing an English dub as part of its Simuldub program as it airs. Adult Swim's Toonami programming block premiered the English dub on December 2, 2017. Sony Pictures UK and Funimation released the first part of the series on home video in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with subsequent parts released by Manga Entertainment. Universal Sony classified the first part of the series for release in Australia and New Zealand, on behalf of Funimation, with Madman Entertainment releasing subsequent parts.  The anime has been broadcast without any major interruption until late April 2020, when it was announced that future episodes would be postponed based on studio production delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The broadcasting and distribution of episode 133 onward was delayed and in its place, the first episode of the series was rebroadcast on May 5, 2020. The series will resume on July 7, 2020.  A short original net animation titled, produced by DLE and directed by Tsukasa Nishiyama, began airing on dTV on July 1, 2019. The opening theme song for the short is "POSSIBLE" by Gakuto Kajiwara and Nobunaga Shimazaki, under the name "Clover×Clover". Crunchyroll made the short available internationally on December 31, 2019.

Video games.

At Jump Festa 2017, a video game, titled "Black Clover: Quartet Knights", was announced for a 2018 release on PlayStation 4 and PC.. It was developed by Ilinx and published by Bandai Namco. It was released in Japan on September 13, 2018, while the western release was on September 14, 2018. A mobile game called has been announced. It was released in Japan on November 14, 2018. On December 6, 2019, Bandai Namco Entertainment announced that the game would be released on January 16, 2020.  Asta is featured as a playable character in the "Weekly Shōnen Jump" crossover game "Jump Force".

Reception.

Manga.

Sales.

Volume 1 reached 23rd place on the weekly Oricon manga charts, with 38,128 copies sold; volume 2 reached 17th place, with 61,918 copies; volume 3 also reached 17th place, with 80,462 copies; volume 4 reached 13th place, with 93,866 copies; volume 5 reached 15th place, with 108,503 copies; and volume 6 reached 11th place, with 118,783 copies. As of January 2019, the manga has 7 million copies in print, and 9 million copies as of October 2019. As of April 2020 Black Clover has 10 million copies in print

Critical reception.

Reviewing the series for "ComicsAlliance", Tom Speelman described the premise as "what if Harry Potter was a knight and also kinda dumb?" He recommended it for fans of "Naruto" and "Fairy Tail", noting its similarities to the former series as well as to "Bleach". He praised the author's ability to invigorate stock characters. Henry Ma of "Ka Leo O Hawaii" praised the series' humor and art, noting that the latter was "very nice" and was similar to "Fairy Tail". However, not all critics were positive, with a board of comic book writers at San Diego Comic-Con listing the manga as one of the worst from 2016.

Anime.

In November 2019, Crunchyroll listed "Black Clover" in their "Top 100 best anime of the 2010s".

The manga has been adapted into an original video animation produced by Xebec Zwei, which was released in 2017, as well an anime television series produced by Pierrot, which also premiered in Japan in 2017.


Early life.

Sergei Polunin was born in Kherson, Ukrainian SSR. From the age of four to eight, he trained at a gymnastics academy, and then spent another four years at the Kiev State Choreographic Institute. His mother, Galina, moved with him to Kiev, while his father, Vladimir Polunin, worked in Portugal to support them.

Dancing career.

2003–2013: Early years.

After Polunin graduated from the Kyiv Choreographic Academy (КДХУ), he joined the British Royal Ballet School at the age of 13 in 2003, sponsored by the Rudolf Nureyev Foundation. Polunin has received numerous awards, including the Prix de Lausanne and Youth America Grand Prix in 2006, and in 2007 was named the Young British Dancer of the Year. He became a first soloist at the Royal Ballet in 2009. In June 2010, at the age of 20, Polunin became the Royal Ballet's youngest ever principal. The "New York Times" described Polunin as "a fabulous dancer, with a steely technique and beautiful line" in its review of "Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland" (2011) when he danced as the Knave, who doubled as Alice's romantic interest.  After two successful years with the Royal Ballet, on 24 January 2012, Polunin announced his resignation from the company with immediate effect. He said he had become so unhappy that, "the artist in [him] was dying." Several months later, in summer 2012, Polunin was invited to Russia by the artistic director of ballet of the two Russian theatres, Igor Zelensky, and became a principal dancer with the Stanislavsky Music Theatre and Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. In early April 2013, it was reported that Polunin had walked out on the Schaufuss Ballet's performance of "Midnight Express" just days before its opening night.

2014–present: International recognition.

He was first shown in the international spotlight in the role of Slavemaster/Sheppard in the 25th Anniversary "The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall". Polunin was shortlisted as the best male dancer for the 2014 National Dance awards in the U.K. In 2014, Polunin started his collaboration with the famed American photographer and music director David LaChapelle and took part in his new projects, including a dance video to the song "Take Me to Church" by Hozier in February 2015. The video went viral and exposed Polunin to a wider audience. Polunin was the subject of the 2016 documentary film "Dancer", directed by Steven Cantor, analyzing his childhood, training, and rise to international fame.  In 2017, he set up Project Polunin, which aims to create new dance and ballet works for both stage and film. Project Polunin aims to bring together dancers, contemporary artists, musicians and choreographers from various creative backgrounds to work together. In June 2018, a promotional video starring Polunin was featured in a grand ceremony of the reopening of the National Museum of Serbia after 15 years of renovation and in July of the same year, Polunin performed on the Main Stage of the Serbian EXIT festival for the grand opening ceremony of 18th festival edition. His performance was inspired by the festival's theme, dubbed EXIT Freedom. The company was reincorporated as Polunin Ink in 2018.  In January 2019, Polunin was invited to perform in the Paris Opéra Ballet's performance of "Swan Lake". The Ballet revoked the invitation 48 hours later after being notified of Polunin's recent homophobic and sexist Instagram posts that sparked international outrage, including from dancers within the Ballet. In response to those critical of his comments, he said, "a lot of people agree with me, but... they have to go and publicly say otherwise". Polunin and his company, Polunin Ink introduced three new productions of ballet in 2019. The first was "Rasputin", choreographed by Yuka Oishi and premiered in London Palladium in June; the show received generally negative reviews from London critics but was later successfully shown in cities such as Zurich and Tashkent. The second was on 26 August 2019, Polunin danced the role of Romeo in "Romeo and Juliet" choreographed by Johan Kobborg and with Alina Cojocaru as Juliet, in the Arena of Verona to over 10,000 members in the audience and to critical acclaim. As the year closed, the third production of Polunin Ink, "Little Red and the Wolf", choreographed by Ross Freddie Ray, music composed by Kirill Richter, and performed by Sergei Polunin, Laura Fernandez-Gromova, Johan Kobborg and premiered in Zaryadye Concert Hall, Moscow on 29 and 30 December 2019. In 2019, he also performed in Dubai, Israel, Munich, and Shanghai. Noteworthy was the performance on 7 September 2019 when he was invited to dance at the ancient Buddhist temple Ninna-ji in Kyoto, Japan. Branded as the "Encounter of the East and the West", efforts were put into illustrating the theme with artists from Europe and Asia performing on the stage. Polunin's outfit was a carefully crafted kimono specially designed and made by artist Kamida Kazumak and with the calligraphy of the "Heart Sutra", which teaches the illusion of the phenomenal world, written on the outfit by calligrapher, Tomoko Kawao. The performance was later broadcast nationwide in Japan.  Polunin was recognized as the Personality of the Year by Danza & Danza Awards 2019 (Premio D&D-Mario Bedendo), for which the jury wrote: "A multi-faceted artist... he and his Polunin Ink company scored not one but two goals in 2019", namely, "a'modern' take on the twentieth-century classic "Romeo & Juliet"where Polunin gave a powerful, passionate performance opposite Alina Cojocaru", and “"Rasputin" a memorable dance-drama in which Sergei outdid himself".

Acting career.

Polunin made his feature film debut in the 2017 adaptation of "Murder on the Orient Express", followed by a performance in the 2018 film "Red Sparrow". Also in 2018, he appeared as Yuri Soloviev in the Rudolf Nureyev biopic "The White Crow", directed by Ralph Fiennes.

Personal life.

As of 2020, Polunin is engaged to Russian ice dancer Elena Ilinykh. On 16 January 2020, their son, Mir, was born in Miami, Florida, U.S. Along with a number of other celebrities, Polunin was granted Serbian citizenship in 2017, for his work in promoting the country and its culture.  In November 2018, Polunin posted on his Instagram account voicing support for Russian President Vladimir Putin. In December 2018, Polunin expressed admiration and support for U.S. President Donald Trump in another Instagram post.

Sergei Vladimirovich Polunin (, "Serhiy Volodymyrovych Polunin";, "Sergey Vladimirovich Polunin"; born 20 November 1989) is a Ukrainian-born ballet dancer, actor and model. He has Ukrainian, Russian, and Serbian citizenship, but has "always regarded himself as Russian".


Background.

The incumbent Hesse government coalition consisted of CDU and the Greens.  The regional election for Hesse, along with the Bavarian state election held just two weeks before, was widely seen as a test for the ruling CDU/CSU and SPD coalition of Angela Merkel's fourth federal cabinet.

Parties.

The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Hesse.

Results.

Summary of the 28 October 2018 final election results for the Hessian Landtag! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Party! colspan="5" |Constituency! colspan="5" |Party list! colspan="3" | Total seats!Votes!+/−!Seats!Votes!+/−!Seats!Seats!%! colspan=2| Total! 2,873,070! 100.0%! 55! 2,881,261! 100.0%! 82! 137! 100%

State government formation.

Despite heavy losses inflicted on the party, the CDU returned to government after negotiating a coalition agreement with the Greens, the second consecutive such arrangement between the two parties. The two parties formed the narrowest possible majority in the Landtag, occupying 69 seats. As part of the agreement, the Greens increased their representation in the Cabinet, holding four of the eleven portfolios. The returned coalition only became possible after a recount of votes took place several weeks after the election, due to computer glitches which affected some election night results. Following the recount, the state election commissioner announced that compared to the provisional figures, there were no significant shifts in the percentages, and the distribution of seats in the state parliament had not changed.

The 2018 Hessian state election was held on 28 October 2018 to elect the members of the Landtag of Hesse. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and The Greens led by Minister-President Volker Bouffier retained its majority by a slim margin of one seat.


Early years.

Kimpembe was born in Beaumont-sur-Oise, France, to a Congolese father and a Haitian mother. He was named after his maternal grandfather.

Club career.

Kimpembe made his professional debut for Paris Saint-Germain on 17 October 2014 in the Ligue 1 against RC Lens, replacing Thiago Motta after 76 minutes in a 1–3 away win. He made his Champions League debut on 14 February 2017, keeping a clean sheet in a 4–0 win against Barcelona.  Kimpembe scored his first Champions League goal for PSG on February 12, 2019 against Manchester United in an away match at Old Trafford after turning home at a far post from an Angel Di Maria corner in the 53rd minute. PSG won the match 2–0. However, in the return leg in Paris, he jumped to block a shot in injury time that was given as a penalty for handball after the referee consulted VAR. PSG went on to lose the match 3–1, and were subsequently knocked out due to the away goals rule.

International career.

Kimpembe got his first call up to the senior France side after Eliaquim Mangala withdrew through injury for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Bulgaria and Netherlands in October 2016. In January 2018, William Gallas, former Arsenal and Chelsea player said that Kimpembe is the future of the French team. Kimpembe finally made his first team debut on 27 March 2018, a year and a half after his first call-up, in a friendly against Russia. He came on for Ousmane Dembélé in the 72nd minute of a 3–1 away victory.  On 17 May 2018, he was called up to the 23 man French squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Kimpembe won the World Cup with France in 2018, a tournament in which he played a total of 90 minutes, against Denmark in the group stage.

Honours.

Paris Saint-Germain  France  Orders

Presnel Kimpembe (, ; born 13 August 1995) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for Paris Saint-Germain and the French national team. He was part of the France squad that won the 2018 FIFA World Cup.


Teams.

The teams were officially announced on September 10, 2015 by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The teams are:

National anthems.

The national anthem for each team playing was played before the start of each game. However, there were two exceptions: no anthem was played for Team Europe because of the team's multiple national representatives, while both "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "O Canada" were played before games Team North America played.

Rosters.

Each team's roster was limited to twenty skaters (forwards and defencemen) and three goaltenders. All eight participating teams submitted their initial roster of sixteen players on March 2, 2016.

Jerseys.

Each one of the national teams' players wore a customized jersey manufactured by Adidas.

Venue.

In contrast to previous World Cups, all contests in the 2016 World Cup were held at the same site.

Pre-tournament venues.

The following venues were used across North America and Europe in the pre-tournament schedule

Pre-tournament games.

All games are Eastern Daylight Time ().  Start date: September 8, 2016. Source: National Hockey League

Group stage.

All games are Eastern Daylight Time ().

Knockout stage.

All times are local, Eastern Daylight Time ().

Final.

The final was played in a best-of-three format.

Ranking and statistics.

Scoring leaders.

List depicts skaters sorted by points, then goals.

Leading goaltenders.

Only goaltenders who played greater than or equal to one-third of the team's minutes are included.

Broadcasting.

In Canada, Rogers Communications held broadcast rights to the tournament; the tournament was aired by Sportsnet in English and TVA Sports in French. Similarly to its sub-licensing agreement for "Hockey Night in Canada", the semi-finals and finals were simulcast by CBC Television. Although it was initially reported that Rogers was allowed to match competing bids for the rights (such as by Bell Media and ESPN's TSN) per its holding of exclusive national media rights to the NHL in Canada, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman denied that there was such a rule, and that the bidding process was "competitive".  In the United States, the tournament was broadcast by ESPN and ESPN Deportes in English and Spanish, respectively; NBC Sports, the national rightsholder of the NHL in the United States, passed on the tournament due to scheduling conflicts with various events being broadcast by its networks in that period of time.  ESPN also broadcast the tournament for the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, the Commonwealth Caribbean, the Pacific Rim and Brazil. In Russia, the tournament was broadcast by Channel One and Match TV. In Finland, the tournament was broadcast by Viasat Sport and Nelonen. In Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the tournament was broadcast by Viasat Sport. In the Czech Republic, the tournament and exhibition games were broadcast by public channel ČT Sport and in Slovakia by Markíza. In Germany, the tournament was broadcast by Sport 1. In Poland, the tournament was broadcast by public channel TVP Sport.  The broadcasts incorporated the use of technology by British firm Supponor to allow for the digital replacement of advertising on the rink boards on selected camera shots. These allowed a single advertiser at a time to brand the entire board, localization of advertising in different media markets, and other customized graphics to be substituted onto the boards. Advertisements are replaced when cameras shots are switched to minimize distractions.

Officials.

The NHL selected seven of their referees and seven linesmen to officiate the tournament.

The 2016 World Cup of Hockey (abbreviated WCH2016) was an international ice hockey tournament. It was the third installment of the National Hockey League (NHL)-sanctioned competition, 12 years after the second World Cup of Hockey in 2004. It was held from September 17 to September 29 at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Canada won the championship, defeating Team Europe in the best-of-three final.


Early years.

Born Yakichi (勇吉) to a lower-ranked "samurai" family in Yuda, Chōshū domain (present day Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture), Inoue attended the "Meirinkan" domain school with his brother Ikutarō (幾太郎). He was a close boyhood friend of Itō Hirobumi who later became Japan's first prime minister, and he played an active part in the "sonnō jōi" movement. In 1858, he studied "rangaku", artillery and swordsmanship in Edo.  In the Bakumatsu period, Inoue emerged as a leader of the anti-foreigner movement in his native Chōshū. Desiring to rid Japan of foreigners, he and Takasugi Shinsaku set fire to the British legation in Edo in January 1863.  Recognizing Japan's need to learn from the Western powers, Inoue joined the Chōshū Five and was smuggled out of Japan to study at University College, London in England in 1863. When he returned with Itō Hirobumi, he unsuccessfully tried to prevent war (the Battle of Shimonoseki) between Chōshū and the Western naval powers over the closing of the Straits of Shimonoseki to foreign shipping. Later, he fought against the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1864 First Chōshū Expedition, during which he was severely wounded by the attack of the assassins, received a near-fatal injury, appealing to Inoue's elder brother for beheading because of the unbearable pain and finally Ikutaro Tokoro () who was then in hiding from the pursuit of Tokugawa shogunate with Prince Sanjō Sanetomi and rushed to Inoue pulled him through this by putting about 50 stiches of tatami needle in the wounds on the whole body without anesthesia because of emergency during the domestic war time (The story that Inoue's mother holding bloody Inoue then dissuaded her elder son from beheading was introduced in the National Japanese text book of the 5th period as the power of mother). He later played a key role in the formation of the Satchō Alliance against the Tokugawa shogunate.

Statesman in the Meiji government.

After the Meiji Restoration, Inoue served in several important positions in the new Meiji government. He was appointed Vice Minister of Finance in 1871 and was influential in reorganizing government finances on modern lines, especially in the reform of the land tax system, termination of government stipends to the ex-"samurai" and former aristocracy and for promoting industrialization. Closely linked to business circles, including the emerging Mitsui "zaibatsu", he was also involved in the railway business.These measures created many political enemies, and Inoue was forced to resign in May 1873. Inoue took part in the Osaka Conference of 1875 to support the creation of a representative national assembly.  In 1876, Inoue was asked to assist in the field of foreign affairs, and was involved in the conclusion of the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876 as vice-ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary. He returned to government as Minister of Public Works in 1878 and Lord of Foreign Affairs in 1879 under the early Meiji "Dajō-kan" Cabinet. In 1884, he was elevated to the rank of count ("hakushaku") under the new "kazoku" peerage system.  In December 1885, Inoue officially became Japan’s first Minister of Foreign Affairs bearing that title in the first Itō Hirobumi cabinet. However, Inoue came under public criticism for his failure to negotiate a revision of the unequal treaties, his building of the Rokumeikan, and support of its Westernizing influences, which forced him to resign in August 1887.  Later he served as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the Kuroda administration, as Home Minister in the second Itō administration and again as Finance Minister in the 3rd Itō administration.  From 1901 onwards, Inoue served as most senior of the "genrō", and considered himself the government's foremost advisor on financial affairs. He was advanced to the title of marquis ("kōshaku") in 1907, and died in 1915 at his summer home at Okitsu-juku, Shizuoka prefecture.

Honours.

"From the article in the Japanese Wikipedia"

, GCMG was a Japanese politician and a prominent member of the Meiji oligarchy during the Meiji period of the Empire of Japan. As one of the senior statesmen in Japan during that period, he had a tremendous influence on the selection of the nation's leaders and formation of its policies.


Layout.

The fort was occupied by Roman auxiliaries from approximately AD 112 to AD 400. In this western part of Hadrian's Wall, the wall itself was originally built from turf, later replaced with stone (Hogan, 2007). The stone fort was built some time after the wall, in the usual playing card shape, with gates to the east, west and south. Inside were built the usual stone buildings, a central headquarters building ("principia"), granaries ("horrea"), and barracks. Unusually for an auxiliary fort, it also included an exercise building ("basilica exercitatoria"), perhaps reflecting the difficulties of training soldiers in the exposed site in the north of England.

History of excavations.

The fort has been extensively excavated for over a century, with twentieth century excavations starting in 1911 by F.G. Simpson and continuing with Ian Richmond from 1927 to 1933. The gateways and walls were then re-excavated under the supervision of Brenda Swinbank and J P Gillam from 1949-1950. Excavations between 1987 and 1992 showed an unbroken sequence of occupation on the site of the fort granaries, running from the late Roman period until possibly 500AD. The granaries were replaced by two successive large timber halls, reminiscent of others found in many parts of Britain dating to the 5th and 6th centuries. Tony Wilmott (director of the excavations) has suggested that, after the end of Roman rule in Britain, the fort served as the power-base for a local warband descended from the late Roman garrison and possibly deriving legitimacy from their ancestors for several generations.  Extensive geophysical surveys, both magnetometry and earth resistance survey, were conducted by TimeScape Surveys (Alan Biggins & David Taylor, 1999 & 2004) between 1997 -2001. These surveys established that the sub-surface remains in the fort were well preserved. The later surveys detected two vici (civilian settlements) of different characters on the eastern and western sides of the fort. The surveys by TimeScape also determined the location of a bathhouse in the valley of the River Irthing.  An area between the fort and the escarpment was excavated by Channel 4's archaeological television programme "Time Team" in January 2000. The excavation detected signs of an extramural settlement ("vicus"), but the area is liable to erosion and the majority of the vicus could have fallen over the cliffs.

Defensive location.

The two mile sector of Hadrian's Wall either side of Birdoswald is also of major interest. It is currently the only known sector of Hadrian's Wall in which the original turf wall was later replaced by a stone wall on a different line. When the rebuilding took place (probably in the 130s) the line of the wall was moved approximately 50 metres further north, to line up with the fort's north wall, rather than its east and west gates. The reasons for this change are unclear, although David Woolliscroft (Woolliscroft, 2001) has plausibly suggested that it was the result of changing signalling requirements. At any rate, this remains the only area in which both the walls can be directly compared.  Approximately 600 metres east of Birdoswald, at the foot of an escarpment, lies the remains of Willowford bridge. This carried Hadrian's Wall across the River Irthing. The westward movement of the river course over the centuries has left the east abutment of the bridge high and dry, while the west abutment has probably been destroyed by erosion. Nevertheless, the much-modified visible remains are highly impressive. Until 1996, these remains were not directly accessible from the fort, but they can now be reached by a footbridge that was lowered into position by an RAF Chinook helicopter.

Maiden Way.

The fort at Birdoswald was linked by a Roman road, sometimes referred to as the Maiden Way, to the outpost fort of Bewcastle, seven miles to the north. Signals could be relayed between the two forts by means of two signalling towers.

Birdoswald Roman Fort today.

Today the fort's site is operated by English Heritage as Birdoswald Roman Fort. The visitor centre features displays and reconstructions of the fort, exhibits about life in Roman Britain, the site's history through the ages, and archaeological discoveries in the 19th and 20th centuries. Visitors can walk outside along the excavated remains of the fort.

Banna, now known as Birdoswald Roman Fort, was a fort, towards the western end of Hadrian's Wall, in the Roman province of Britannia. Today the site is occupied by a former farm called Birdoswald., it is the only site on Hadrian's Wall at which significant occupation in the post-Roman period has been proven, and it is subject to a long-term archaeological programme under the directorship of Tony Wilmott.


The Norman castle.

What is known, however, is that in or around 1066 Henry de Ferrers (sometimes spelt Ferrars), having rendered great service to King William, was granted estates in Derbyshire, which became known as Duffield Frith. This extended between Heage and Shottle on the North, and Tutbury on the South. He built Tutbury Castle, and made it his chief seat; but he needed an outpost to protect his lands further north, so built another castle, probably of wood, at Duffield.  His third son, Robert, distinguished himself in the Battle of the Standard against the Scots in 1138 and was made the Earl of Derby. His great grandson, William, who succeeded to the position in 1162 joined the King's sons in a rebellion against their father, Henry II, and in 1173 both castles were destroyed.  Following him was his second, William, a favourite of King John who restored his earldom along with the manors of Wirksworth, Ashbourne and, later, Horston Castle (Horsley). At some time, the castles at Tutbury and Duffield were rebuilt, this time of stone. The next William also enjoyed many Royal favours.  The next Earl, Robert, the seventh generation, rebelled against Henry III and Tutbury Castle was destroyed. Although pardoned, Robert rebelled again and being defeated in battle at Chesterfield was dispossessed in 1269 and Duffield Castle was destroyed. His lands were given to Prince Edmund, who was shortly afterwards created Earl of Lancaster.  The castle was literally razed to the ground, much of the stone being scavenged for other buildings, and gradually became overgrown. Memories of a castle persisted, preserved in the name of "Castle Orchard", which extended from the present cottages of that name at the base of the castle mound, to the Hazlewood Road. The site was rediscovered in 1885.

Architecture.

Duffield Castle originally occupied over an estimated 5 acres of land and had a massive keep. The keep spanned 31 metres in length and width (approximately 0.24 acres) and was constructed from stone.  In 1924, a H. Walton stated that there was a series of stairways and entrances on the west side that lead to the first floor; due to a lack of either windows or entrances on the ground floor level. The first floor was believed to contain a guardroom or stateroom and some private inner rooms. Furthermore, H. Walton also believed that the second floor contained domestic and small apartments, kitchens, private retirement rooms and possibly a chapel.

Excavations.

When the site was excavated, the foundations of a traditional Norman motte and bailey castle were discovered, with a stone keep built upon it. What was remarkable was the size of the latter, about 98 feet in length and 95 feet in breadth, only slightly smaller than the White Tower in London. The grounds were preserved, with the foundations marked out, and donated to the National Trust, in 1899, one of its earliest archaeological monuments. For many years, upkeep was carried out by the Parish Council, but has recently been taken back by the Trust.  Although further investigations were carried out in the 1930s and in 1957, few medieval remains were found, but the idea that the site had been occupied before the arrival of the Normans was confirmed by a number of Romano‐British finds.  A geophysical investigation of the site was carried out by the University of Bradford in 2001 and this revealed traces of other structures to the south and the southeast which would appear to date from the same period. The Trust is currently considering raising the necessary funds to carry out further investigations.  As a postscript, the de Ferrers family in Normandy presided over an important centre for iron manufacture. It has been suggested that this is the origin of nailmaking in Belper.

Duffield Castle was a Norman Castle in Duffield, Derbyshire. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It was on a rocky promontory facing the river, easily defended, though it is debatable whether it was inhabited in prehistoric times. It is also controversial whether the Romans maintained a military presence to protect the ford, nearby, across which the convoys of lead from Lutudarum (possibly Wirksworth) joined Rykneld Street at Derventio (now part of Derby), en route for the North Sea ports.


Plot.

God lives in an apartment in Brussels which he shares with his meek wife and his 10-year-old daughter Ea, to whom he is emotionally and physically abusive. God is a grumpy sadist who created humankind specifically to have something to torment. He manipulates reality via a personal computer which he forbids his family from accessing. One day, Ea sneaks into his office and discovers how He has been mistreating humans. This enrages God who then whips Ea with his belt. Ea decides to rebel against her father. She steals the key to His office and accesses the scheduled dates of death of every human in the world and releases the information to them via their portable telephones. Everyone with a cell phone receives a text message informing them exactly when they will die. Ea then locks God's computer and escapes from the apartment through a washing machine which provides a tunnel to the outside world. Wandering the streets of Brussels, Ea decides to follow in the footsteps of her brother Jesus and write a Brand New Testament as her contribution to the human race. She selects six apostles to narrate their life stories. She first enlists a homeless man, Victor, to be her scribe, since she cannot write well.  The first apostle is a reclusive woman who lost her left arm in an accident and feels nobody will love her. The second is a man who hates his work and his life, who has decided to never move from a bench in the park now that he knows the date of his death. Ea translates to allow him to converse with a bird. This induces him to follow a flock of birds to the North Pole. The third apostle is a sexually frustrated man who is awkward with women and remains lovesick for a German girl he met once as a boy. With Ea's encouragement, he becomes a voice actor for porn movies, where he encounters and establishes a relationship with his lifelong fixation. The fourth apostle is a man who is fascinated with death and killing. He purchases a rifle and shoots people knowing that, since all death dates are already predetermined, they can not be his responsibility. Ea prods him to shoot a woman, the first apostle. He hits her in her prosthetic arm. Believing this to be a divine signal, he courts the woman and they establish a relationship, and he learns to embrace life instead of death. The fifth apostle is an elderly woman trapped in a loveless marriage, especially now that her husband knows he will outlive her by many years. Ea persuades her to cheat on her husband. She has sex with a young male prostitute, and then forms a love relationship with a gorilla. The gorilla scares her husband away, to her delight. The sixth apostle is a sickly boy who, when he discovered he had only days left to live, decided to live them as a girl. Ea encourages him to live each day as the equivalent of one month.  God is horrified when he discovers what Ea has done and that he can no longer torment humans. Locked out of his computer, He is powerless. He leaves the apartment using the chute in the laundry room, and in the real world He suffers all the mistreatment and frustrations He created for mankind. He is assaulted by everyone He meets. He discovers to his horror that the tunnel to his apartment has disappeared and He is trapped on Earth powerless and alone. He takes shelter in a church, where his outrageous criticism of his son Jesus Christ provokes a charitable priest into beating him senseless and eventually deporting him to Uzbekistan with a group of illegal immigrants.  Ea and her apostles go to the seaside where hundreds of people have gathered to spend the last hours of their lives. An airplane, which happens to be carrying God under police escort, falls out of the sky and threatens to crash onto the beach and kill everyone. At the last moment, however, God's wife realizes that the number of apostles has grown to 18, her favorite number, explores her husband's work space, unwittingly restarts his computer, and begins to configure a new life for mankind. She deletes the messages that notified people of their death date. The airplane regains altitude and a new creation is born under a flower-filled sky. Victor publishes the Brand New Testament which becomes a bestseller and catapults him out of hopeless poverty into a whole new life of fame and fortune. God reaches Uzbekistan where he works on an assembly line manufacturing washing machines. He keeps on searching without success for the washing machine with the escape hatch that will take him back to his apartment.

Reception.

"The Brand New Testament" received generally favorable reviews from film critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82%, based on 74 reviews with an average rating of 7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Brand New Testament" takes a surreal, subversive, and funny look at Biblical themes through a modern — and refreshingly original — lens." At Metacritic, the film received an average score of 70 out of 100, based on 17 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

The Brand New Testament () is a 2015 fantasy dark comedy film written, produced, and directed by Jaco Van Dormael. It is a co-production among Belgium, France, and Luxembourg. The film was screened at the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. It was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, making the December shortlist of nine films, but was not nominated. "The Brand New Testament" received ten nominations at the 6th Magritte Awards, winning four awards, including Best Film and Best Director for Van Dormael. The film has become a cult film.