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Question: Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Europe . In this way , Classical Greece was part of the foundation of Western civilization .

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Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire , which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean region and Europe , for which reason Classical Greece is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization .

He is best known for having invented the Armenian alphabet , which was a fundamental step in strengthening the Armenian Church , the government of the Armenian Kingdom , and ultimately the bond between the Armenian Kingdom and Armenians living in the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire .


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Question: Undoubtedly the geography of Greeceâ '' divided and sub-divided by hills , mountains and riversâ '' contributed to the nature of ancient Greece .

Undoubtedly the geography of Greeceâ '' divided and sub-divided by hills , mountains and riversâ '' contributed to the fragmentary nature of ancient Greece .

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In America , topography has recently become an additional synonym , though in many parts of the world it retains its original more general meaning of description of place .


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Question: By the 6th century some cities became much more important than the others . They were Corinth , Thebes , Sparta , and Athens .

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By the 6th century BC several cities had emerged as dominant in Greek affairs : Athens , Sparta , Corinth , and Thebes .

In that period , Plutarch mentions , in the work Parallel Lives , a physician from Amfissa named Philotas ( Marcus Antonius 28 ) . During the 2nd century , Amfissa was a prosperous town which expanded outside its walls , having a population of 70,000 people in 180 BC according to Pausanias , while during the reign of Diocletian , Amfissa is said to have a splendid aqueduct .


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Question: Thus , the major peculiarities of the Ancient Greek political system were ; firstly , its fragmentary nature ; and secondly the focus on urban centres within otherwise tiny states .

Thus , the major peculiarities of the ancient Greek political system were ; firstly , its fragmentary nature , and that this does not particularly seem to have tribal origin ; and secondly the particular focus on urban centres within otherwise tiny states .

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The term `` nation-state '' implies that the two geographically coincide , and this distinguishes the nation-state from the other types of state , which historically preceded it .


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'['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'Tim Russert was an American television journalist and lawyer .']' == '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Timothy John `` Tim '' Russert ( May 7 , 1950 â `` June 13 , 2008 ) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC 's Meet the Press . He was a senior vice president at NBC News , Washington bureau chief and also hosted the eponymous CNBC\\/MSNBC weekend interview program Tim Russert ."]' != '["represent the following document\n\n\nFor example, 'Mobile is the third most populous city in the Southern US state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County .' should be close to 'Mobile ( pronunciation ) is the third most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County .'", 'Hugh Malcolm Downs ( born February 14 , 1921 ) is a retired American broadcaster , television host , producer , and author .']'

Question: Tim Pawlenty was the Governor of Minnesota .

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Timothy James `` Tim '' Pawlenty ( pÉ Ë lÉ nti ; born November 27 , 1960 ) is a Minnesota politician in the Republican Party who served as the 39th Governor of the U.S. state of Minnesota .

Gonzales served as a general counsel when Bush was the governor of Texas .


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Question: He was succeeded by Mark Dayton .

Pawlenty was succeeded by Democrat Mark Dayton .

John Sheehan was appointed Marshal in 1875 , by Mayor Eli Teed .


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Question: The national park was founded in 1980 to protect the Komodo dragon . This animal is the world 's largest lizard .

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Provided: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The authors com from the Sil Valley , specially from El Bierzu ( LliÃ n ) , and it is the collective book in the Leonese language where there are more authors .']" Match: "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The authors com from the Sil Valley , specially from El Bierzu and it is the collective book in the Leonese language where there are more authors .']"

The national park was founded in 1980 in order to protect the Komodo dragon , the world 's largest lizard .

Bengal monitor ( Varanus bengalensis ) or Common Indian Monitor , is a monitor lizard found widely distributed over South Asia .


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Question: The park includes three larger islands : Komodo , Padar and Rincah . It also includes 26 smaller ones for a total area of 1,733 kmÂ ( 603 kmÂ of it land ) .

The park includes the three larger islands Komodo , Padar and Rincah , and 26 smaller ones , with a total area of 1,733 kmÂ ( 603 kmÂ of it land ) .

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It comprises two horseshoe-shaped islets , Manuae to the west and Te Au O Tu to the east , with a total area of 6.17 kmÂ on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km .


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Question: Later it began protecting other species , including some in the ocean .

Later it was dedicated to protecting other species , including marine species .

But they are not the only reliable sources in such areas .


Question: The islands of the national park are volcanic .

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The islands of the national park are of volcanic origin .

land Islands form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea .


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Question: The park has many animals that live in the ocean , including whale sharks , ocean sunfish , manta rays , eagle rays , pygmy seahorse , false pipefish , clown frogfish , nudibranchs , blue-ringed octopus , sponges , tunicates , and coral .

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The park is rich in marine life , including whale sharks , ocean sunfish , manta rays , eagle rays , pygmy seahorse , false pipefish , clown frogfish , nudibranchs , blue-ringed octopus , sponges , tunicates , and coral .

Cuttlefish eat small molluscs , crabs , shrimp , fish , octopuses , worms , and other cuttlefish . Their predators include dolphins , sharks , fish , seals and other cuttlefish .


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Question: It includes part of western coast of Flores , the three larger islands of Komodo , Padar , Rincah , and 26 smaller islands . It also includes ocean areas such as the Sape Straights .

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The park comprises a coastal section of western Flores , the three larger islands of Komodo , Padar and Rincah , 26 smaller islands and the surrounding waters of the Sape Straights .

Gili Meno is an island in Indonesia , the middle of Lombok 's three Gilis .


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Question: The island of Padar and part of Rinca were made nature reserves in 1938 .

The island of Padar and part of Rincah have been established as nature reserves in 1938 .

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Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park .


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Question: Cloud forests are in only a few areas above 500 metres .

Cloud forests appear only in few areas above 500 metres but they provide habitat to several endemic flora .

It is at between 4,500 and 4,800 m ( 14,800 -- 15,800 ft ) in the tropical Ecuadorian , Colombian , Venezuelan , and northern Peruvian Andes , rising to 4,800 -- 5,200 m ( 15,800 -- 17,060 ft ) in the drier mountains of southern Peru south to northern Chile south to about 30 Â S , then descending to 4500 m on Aconcagua at 32 Â S , 2000 m at 40 Â S , 500 m at 50 Â S , and only 300 m in Tierra del Fuego at 55 Â S ; from 50 Â S , several of the larger glaciers descend to sea level .


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Question: Temperatures in the dry season from May to October are around 40 Â C.

Mean daily temperatures in the dry season from May to October are around 40 Â C.

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Cali 's average temperature is 24 Â C ( 74 Â F ) with an average low temperature of 19 Â C ( 66 Â F ) and a high of 30 Â C ( 86 Â F ) .


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Question: Large and complex coral reefs are along the north-east coast of Komodo .

Fringing and patch coral reefs are extensive and best developed on the north-east coast of Komodo .

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The ancient stone structures are located around the beach ridges , principally on the north and south sides .


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Question: The three islands were named a national park in 1980 , . The park was extended to include the nearby parts of the ocean and a part of Flores in 1984 .

The three islands have been declared a national park in 1980 , which was later extended to include the surrounding marine area and a section of Flores in 1984 .

The reserve includes 50 separate reserves totaling 3,665 square km , clustered around the New South Wales - Queensland border .


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Question: It is on several islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands . The park is in the area between the East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara provinces .

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The Komodo National Park is a national park in Indonesia located within the Lesser Sunda Islands in the border region between the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara .

Kupang is the provincial capital of East Nusa Tenggara , Indonesia .


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Question: Komodo Island became a nature reserve in 1965 . UNESCO also began to protect the island in 1977 .

Komodo Island has been declared a nature reserve in 1965 , and in 1977 an UNESCO biosphere reserve .

The Biosphere Reserve includes an additional 2,570 kmÂ , and a further 914 kmÂ are included in a `` Cultural Zone '' ( which also is afforded a level of protection ) , bringing the total area up to 18,811 kmÂ .


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Question: The climate is one of the driest of Indonesia . Each year between 800mm and 1000mm of rain falls in the park area .

The terrain is generally rugged , characterized by rounded hills , with altitudes up to 735 m. The climate is one of the driest of Indonesia with annual rainfall between 800mm and 1000mm .

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Snowfall : In the Himalayan region of the State , annual snowfall averaging 3 to 5 metres ( 10 to 15 feet ) is common between December and March .


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Question: In 1991 the national park was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

In 1991 the national park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

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Since its inception in 2005 , the event has been held in one country : the United States .


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For example, '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\nE.g.\n"Augustus Henry FitzRoy , 3rd Duke of Grafton , KG , PC ( 28 September 1735 â `` 14 March 1811 ) was a British Whig statesman ." == "Augustus Henry FitzRoy , 3rd Duke of Grafton , KG , PC ( 28 September 1735 â `` 14 March 1811 ) , styled Earl of Euston between 1747 and 1757 , was a British Whig statesman of the Georgian era ." != "Charles Watson-Wentworth , 2nd Marquess of Rockingham , KG , PC ( 13 May 1730 â `` 1 July 1782 ) , styled The Hon . Charles Watson-Wentworth before 1733 , Viscount Higham between 1733 and 1746 , Earl of Malton between 1746 and 1750 and The Earl Malton in 1750 , was a British Whig statesman , most notable for his two terms as Prime Minister of Great Britain ."', 'An example of a commutative ring is the set of integers .']' should have a representation like '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'As the multiplication of integers is a commutative operation , this is a commutative ring .']' but very far from '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'where ( also written as ) denotes the length ( magnitude ) of . More generally , if is another vector']'.

Question: Aquaman has appeared in several cartoon series , such as the Super Friends , and also in the live action TV series Smallville , with Superman .

Aquaman has appeared in multiple cartoon series , such as The Superman\/Aquaman Hour of Adventure , Super Friends , and Justice League as well as a live action version appearing in the TV series Smallville .

In addition to Space Ghost Coast to Coast and its spin-off program Cartoon Planet , Lowe has made appearances as Space Ghost in Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film For Theaters , The Brak Show ( he was also a series regular , providing the voice for Dad ) , Robot Chicken ( among various other characters ) , Perfect Hair Forever , and other Adult Swim series .


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Question: During the Silver Age of Comic Books , Aquaman was a founding member of the Justice League of America .

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During the late 1950s and 1960s superhero-revival period known as the Silver Age of Comic Books , he was a founding member of the Justice League of America . In the 1990s Modern Age of Comic Books , Aquaman 's character became more serious than in most previous interpretations , with storylines depicting the weight of his role as king of Atlantis .

Tezcatlipoca is a the name used by two fictional characters who appeared in the DC Comics . One is the deity from Aztec mythology and appeared in Wonder Woman .


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Question: Aquaman 's most famous ability is to communicate and command marine animals .

Aquaman 's most widely recognized power is the telepathic ability to communicate with marine life , which he can summon from great distances . Although this power is most often and most easily used on marine life , Aquaman has at times demonstrated the ability to affect any being that lives upon the sea ( e.g. , sea eagles ) , or even any being evolved from marine life ( e.g. , humans ) .

Unlike the depiction in other mythologies , these are anatomically identical to land-bound humans , differing only in their ability to breathe and live underwater .


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Question: Aquaman is a fictional comic book superhero published by DC Comics .

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Aquaman is a comic book superhero who appears in DC Comics .

The Marvel Universe is the shared fictional universe where most comic book titles published by Marvel Comics take place , including those featuring Marvel 's most familiar characters , such as Spider-Man , the Hulk , the X-Men , and Captain America .


Question: He can breathe underwater and swim at very high speeds .

He has the ability to breathe underwater .

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They can jump distances more than 10 meters ( 33 ft ) and 3 meters ( 9 ft ) high . Impalas can reach running speeds of about 80 t , to escape their predators .


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Aquaman has several superhuman powers .

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['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The usual tools of language reform are simplification and purification . Simplification makes the language easier to use by regularizing vocabulary and grammar .'] == ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Simplification makes the language easier to use .']

Aquaman has a number of superhuman powers , most of which derive from the fact that he is adapted to live in the depths of the ocean .

The Venusian twins had other superpowers , that they would sometimes use to help out Superman , Wonder Woman and other heroes , she said .


Question: Sohawa is one of the tehsils ( administrative sub-divisions ) of Jhelum District , situated in the Punjab province of Pakistan .

Sohawa is an administrative sub-division ( tehsil ) of Jhelum District , situated in the Punjab province of Pakistan .

Murree Tehsil is one of the seven Tehsils ( i.e sub-divisions ) of Rawalpindi District in the Punjab province of Pakistan .


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Question: Light rain and drizzle often fall from stratus clouds .

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Stratus clouds may produce a light drizzle or snow .

Initially , virgorous convection persisted throughout the wave axis , though dry air greatly diminished the convection on July 28 .


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Question: Stratus clouds are low altitude gray clouds that make a flat base .

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A stratus cloud ( St ) is a cloud belonging to a class characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform base , as opposed to convective clouds that are as tall or taller than wide ( these are termed cumulus clouds ) . More specifically , the term stratus is used to describe flat , hazy , featureless clouds of low altitude varying in color from dark gray to nearly white .

A funnel cloud is usually visible as a cone-shaped or needle like protuberance from the main cloud base .


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Question: Wikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that has books for children .

Wikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children .

Like its sister project Wikipedia , Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation .


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Question: Wikibooks ( previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks ) is a collection of free books . It is one of many projects that are run by the Wikimedia Foundation .

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Wikibooks ( previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks ) is a Wiki hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit .

MediaWiki 's most famous use has been in Wikipedia and , to a lesser degree , Wikimedia 's other projects .


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['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Chinantequilla is located in the municipality of Totontepec .'] == ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning Given ; Print\\/Online - MCV UK trade publication ( circ 10 000 ) ., a positive would be ; Online - NeoGAF ; Print\\/Online - MCV : UK trade publication ( circ 10 000 ) .', 'Chinantequilla is located in the municipality of Totontepec Villa de Morelos .'] != ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Its municipality seat is in the town of Cuyo , located next to the Chile Highway 5 .']

Question: LablachÃ re is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

LablachÃ re is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .

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FÃ lines is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


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Question: The Turkey Vulture ( Cathartes aura ) , is a bird found throughout most of the Americas .

The Turkey Vulture , Cathartes aura , is a bird found throughout most of the Americas .

The Coscoroba Swan ( Coscoroba coscoroba ) is a species of waterfowl inhabiting southern South America .


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Question: One of three species in the genus Cathartes , ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America .

One of three species in the genus Cathartes , in the family Cathartidae , the Turkey Vulture is the most widespread of the New World vultures , ranging from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America .

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Moorland habitats are most extensive in the neotropics and tropical Africa but also occur in northern and western Europe , Northern Australia , North America , Central Asia , and the Indian subcontinent .


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Question: The Independent State of Croatia was created and supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy .

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On 10 April 1941 , the Independent State of Croatia was established , supported by Nazi Germany and fascist Italy .

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In 1943 , the Germans suffered major losses on the Eastern Front and the Italians signed an armistice with the Allies , leaving behind significant armaments that the Partisans used against the occupiers and the UstaÅ e. Fighting continued for a short while after the formal surrender of German Army Group E on 9 May 1945 , as Axis forces and many refugees attempted to escape to Austria .


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Question: Strong men capable of labor and sentenced to less than 3 years of incarceration were allowed to live .

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Strong men capable of labor and sentenced to less than three years of incarceration were allowed to live .

Convicts who did not observe the conditions of their ticket could be arrested without warrant , tried without recourse to the Supreme Court , and would forfeit their property .


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Question: The Jasenovac Memorial Museum was temporarily abandoned during the Yugoslav wars .

The Jasenovac Memorial Museum was temporarily abandoned during the Yugoslav wars when it was taken over by the rebel Republic of Serb Krajina .

One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the Yugoslav wars after the disintegration of former Yugoslavia .


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Question: In April 1945 , as Yugoslav Partisans units approached the camp , the UstaÅ e camp supervisors attempted to erase traces of the atrocities by working the death camp at full capacity .

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In April 1945 , as Partisan units approached the camp , the UstaÅ e camp supervisors attempted to erase traces of the atrocities by working the death camp at full capacity .

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This gas chamber operated from 1941 to 1942 , during which time some 60,000 people were killed therein ; it was then converted into an air-raid shelter for the use of the SS .


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Question: The complex included large grounds at Donja Gradina directly across the Sava river , a Sisak children 's concentration camp in Sisak , and a Stara GradiÅ ka concentration camp .

The complex also included large grounds at Donja Gradina directly across the Sava River , a camp for children in Sisak to the northwest , and a women 's camp in Stara GradiÅ ka to the southeast .

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Originally , MoÅ ovce was made up of two settlements : The first one , Machyuch , was located in the area of todayâ s StarÃ 1\/2 Rad , and the second one , Terra Moys , which gave the village its current name , occupied the place of the present day Vidrmoch .


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Question: On April 22 , 600 prisoners revolted ; 520 were killed and 80 escaped .

On 22 April , 600 prisoners revolted ; 520 were killed and 80 escaped .

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At the end of the war , the survivors numbered between 33 and 40 ; most were found in the area near Lutsk .


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'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It separates Long Island , including the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn , from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx .']' == '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It separates Long Island ( including the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn ) from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx on the North American mainland .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'John F. Kennedy International Airport is an international airport located in Queens County , on Long Island , in New York City about 12 m southeast of Lower Manhattan .']'

Question: One of the guards , Petar Brzica , reportedly cut the throats of about 1,360 new arrivals with a butcher knife that became known as srbosjek ( `` Serb-cutter '' ) .

One of the guards , Petar Brzica , boasted cutting the throats of about 1,360 new arrivals .

Blagoje JovoviÄ , a Montenegrin Serb Chetnik shot Ante PaveliÄ near Buenos Aires , on April 9 , 1957 , inflicting injuries from which he later died .


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Question: These sources are in times considered contemporary because German and Ustase sources tend to exaggerate , but the comparison of all different sources can give a reliable portrayt of the historical truth .

These sources are at times considered contemporary because German and Ustase sources tend to exaggerate , but the comparison of all different sources can give a reliable portrait of the historical truth .

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Her theories were criticized by foreign authors for the misinterpretation of historical sources and revisionism .


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Question: The Vatican 's sources also speak of similar figures , E.g. of 350,000 Serbs slaughtered by the end of 1942 ( Eugen Tisserant ) and `` over 500,000 people '' at all ( Godfried Danneels . ) )

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The Vatican 's sources also speak of similar figures , that is , for an example , of 350,000 Serbs slaughtered by the end of 1942 ( Eugen Tisserant ) and `` over 500,000 people '' in all ( Godfried Danneels . )


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Question: It thus adopted their racial and political doctrines .

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It adopted their racial and political doctrines .

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He is also known for his dedication to a credo of critical thinking that challenged all normative assumptions : `` ask the next question . ''


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Question: `` UstaÅ e People 's Service '' ) , a special police force of the NDH .

`` UstaÅ e People 's Service '' ) , a special police force of the NDH ) .

This made the white Ã migrÃ s a target for infiltration by the Soviet secret police ( e.g. operation TREST and the Inner Line ) .


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Question: The Ustase themselves gave more ` exaggerated assumptions of the number of people they killed .

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The Ustase themselves gave more exaggerated assumptions of the number of people they killed .

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But , for StarÄ eviÄ , the `` Slavoserb '' were worse than the Jews ; the notion was firstly of a political nature : the `` Slavoserbs '' are his political opponents who `` sold themselves to a foreign rule '' .


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Question: Although the account may appear somewhat exaggerated , its veracity can be found in several other Ustase accounts : a circular of the Ustase general headquarters that reads : `` the concentration and labor camp in Jasenovac can receive an unlimited number of internees '' ) .

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Other Ustase sources give more canon estimations : a circular of the Ustase general headquarters that reads : `` the concentration and labor camp in Jasenovac can receive an unlimited number of internees '' .

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FilipoviÄ became Chief Guard of Jasenovac concentration camp where he was nicknamed `` Fra Sotona '' , and he was given this nickname by Croats themselves .


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For instance you may be given '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Alberto traveled usually northeast on an unpredictable course and for a hort time , strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane , one of the earliest hurricanes of June .']' and it should match with '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'Alberto traveled generally northeast on an erratic course , and briefly intensified to a Category 1 hurricane , one of the earliest hurricanes of June , and the earliest date for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean since Hurricane Alma in May 1970 .']' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The NHC predicted that would dissipate , but the weakening trend stopped on July 25 with Franklin a minimal tropical storm .']'.

Question: The Jews are the bane of the human kind .

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This is our nation , this is our land and it belongs to us .


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Question: Jasenovac had a role in the Nazi `` final solution '' ; it was also used , however , in the ethnic cleansing of Romany and Serbian inhabitants .

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Jasenovac 's role in the Nazi `` final solution '' was as the ethnic cleansing of Romany and Serbian inhabitants .

A report to Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler dated 17 February 1942 on increased Partisan activities stated that `` Increased activity of the bands is chiefly due to atrocities carried out by UstaÅ e units in Croatia against the Orthodox population . ''


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Question: During the banquet which followed , he reported with pride : `` We have slaughtered here at Jasenovac more people than the Ottoman Empire was able to do during its occupation of Europe . '' .

During the banquet which followed , he reported with pride , intoxicated : `` We have slaughtered here at Jasenovac more people than the Ottoman Empire was able to do during its occupation of Europe . ''

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The Morning Post remembered him in an article titled `` The Man Who Saved India '' and `` He Did His Duty '' but the Westminster Gazette wrote a contrary opinion , `` No British action , during the whole course of our history in India , has struck a severer blow to Indian faith in British justice than the massacre at Amritsar . ''


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Question: Soon , the Nazis began to make clear their genocidal goals , as shown by the speech Hitler gave to Slavko Kvaternik , at their meeting on July , 21 , 1941 :

Soon , the Nazis began to make clear their genocidal goals , as shown by the speech Hitler gave to Slavko Kvaternik , at their meeting on 21 July 1941 :

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Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps , announced the great `` efficiency '' of the Jasenovac camp at a ceremony as early as 9 October 1942 .


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Question: A report of the National Committee of Croatia for the investigation of the crimes of the occupation forces and their collaborators , dated November 15 , 1945 , which was commissioned by the new government of Yugoslavia under Tito , stated that 500,000-600 ,000 people were killed at the Jasenovac complex .

A report of the National Committee of Croatia for the investigation of the crimes of the occupation forces and their collaborators , dated 15 November 1945 , which was commissioned by the new government of Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito , stated that 500,000-600 ,000 people were killed at the Jasenovac complex .

They circulated figures of 400,000 Serbs ( Alexander Lehr ) ; 350,000 Serbs ( Lothar Rendulic ) ; between 300,000 ( Edmund Glaise von Horstenau ) ; more than `` 3\/4 of a million Serbs '' ( Hermann Neubacher ) in 1943 ; 600,000 â `` 700,000 until March 1944 ( Ernst Fick ) ; 700,000 ( Massenbach ) .


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Question: If the Jews will be allowed to do as they will , like they are permitted in their Soviet heaven , than they will fulfill their most insane plans .

If the Jews will be allowed to do as they will , like they are permitted in their Soviet heaven , then they will fulfill their most insane plans .

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In deliberating his social and natural environment , Pitar decides to lead his band to civilization : â Hence I decided to shed some light on the darkness , to light a candle following the motto Let there be light and so on .


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Question: In November 1991 , Simo Brdar , a former associate director of the Memorial , collected the documentation from the museum and brought it to Bosnia and Herzegovina .

In November 1991 , Simo Brdar , a former associate director of the Memorial , stole the documentation from the museum and brought it to Bosnia and Herzegovina .

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The season officially lasted from June 1 , 2001 , to November 30 , 2001 , dates which by convention limit the period of each year when tropical cyclones tend to form in the Atlantic Ocean basin .']" == "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The season officially started on June 1 , 2001 , and it ended on November 30 , 2001 . This time period is when tropical cyclones usually form in the Atlantic Ocean .']"

Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , one of the chiefs of the secret police , started building concentration camps in the summer of the same year .


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Question: Jasenovac was a complex of five sub-camps covering over 240 k on both banks of the Sava river .

Jasenovac was a complex of five subcamps spread over 240 k on the banks of the Sava River .

KomÃ rno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube .


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Question: Italian generals , who were more overwhelmed by the atrocious Ustase slaughter , also reported of similar figures to their commanders .

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Italian generals , who were more overwhelmed by the atrocious Ustase slaughter , also reported similar figures to their commanders .

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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Gollum betrays Frodo by leading him to the great spider Shelob in the tunnels of Cirith Ungol .'], a positive would be ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Gollum leads the hobbits into Cirith Ungol in the Mountains of Shadow , but leaves the hobbits there alone . They are hunted by Shelob , a giant spider living in these tunnels .']

In the same spirit , Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic , once captured by Yugoslav forces , admitted that during his three months of administration , 20,000 to 30,000 people died . Since it became clear that his confession was an attempt to somewhat minimize the rate of crimes committed in Jasenovac , having , for an example , claimed to have personally killed 100 people , extremely understated , Miroslav 's figures are evaluated so that in some sources they appear as 30,000-40 ,000 .


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Question: Manual methods , the Ustase 's favorites , were liquidation that took part in utilizing sharp or blunt craftsmen tools : knives , saws , hammers and et cetera .

Manual methods , the Ustase 's favorites , were liquidation that took part in utilizing sharp or blunt craftsmen tools : knives , saws , hammers , et cetera .

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In addition to sais and sometimes a new casual staff , she can use a large array of weapons with proficiency .


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Question: Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps , announced the great `` efficiency '' of the Jasenovac camp at a ceremony on October 9 , 1942 ( keep in mind that Jasenovac operated until 1945 ) .

Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps , announced the great `` efficiency '' of the Jasenovac camp at a ceremony as early as 9 October 1942 .

Jure FrancetiÄ ( 1912 â `` 1942 ) was an World War II UstaÅ e Commissioner of Bosnia and Herzegovina , responsible for the massacre of Bosnian Serbs and Jews .


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Question: Upon arrival at the camp , the prisoners were marked with colors , similar to the use of Nazi concentration camp badges : blue for Serbs , and red for communists ( non-Serbian resistance members ) , while Gypsies had no marks ( this practice was later abandoned . ) .

Upon arrival at the camp , the prisoners were marked with colors , similar to the use of Nazi concentration camp badges : blue for Serbs , and red for communists ( non-Serbian resistance members ) , while Roma had no marks . ( This practice was later abandoned . )


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Question: The largest number of victims were Serbs , but other victims included Jews , Bosnian Muslims , Gypsies , and Croatian resistance members opposed to the regime ( i.e. Yugoslav Partisans or their sympathizers , categorized by the UstaÅ e as `` communists '' ) .

The largest number of victims were Serbs , but other victims included Jews , Romani people , and Croatian resistance members opposed to the regime ( i.e. , Partisans or their sympathizers , categorized by the UstaÅ e as `` communists '' ) .


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Question: The Allied forces captured 200 to 600 Croatian Home Guard members .

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For example, '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The season officially lasted from June 1 , 2001 , to November 30 , 2001 , dates which by convention limit the period of each year when tropical cyclones tend to form in the Atlantic Ocean basin .']' should be close to '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The season officially started on June 1 , 2001 , and it ended on November 30 , 2001 . This time period is when tropical cyclones usually form in the Atlantic Ocean .']'

The Allied forces captured 200 to 600 Home Guard members .

The award was for the Battle of Longarone and the capture of Mount Matajur and its Italian defenders , which totalled 150 officers , 9,000 men , and 81 artillery pieces .


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Question: All inmates with indeterminate sentences or sentences of 3 years or more were immediately scheduled for liquidation , regardless of their fitness .

All inmates with indeterminate sentences or sentences of three years or more were immediately scheduled for liquidation , regardless of their fitness .

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------

Fewshot example: "['', 'Tegerfelden is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .']" == "['Represent.', 'Tegerfelden is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .']"

Convicts who did not observe the conditions of their ticket could be arrested without warrant , tried without recourse to the Supreme Court , and would forfeit their property .


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Question: On the night of August 29 , 1942 , the prison guards made bets among themselves as to who could liquidate the largest number of inmates .

On the night of 29 August 1942 , the prison guards made bets among themselves as to who could liquidate the largest number of inmates .

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After telling the German guards '' ... just what I was going to do to them when the Russians came ... '' he was beaten and had his position as leader taken away .


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Question: Those kept alive were mostly skilled at needed professions and trades ( doctors , pharmacists , electricians , shoemakers , goldsmiths , and so on ) and were employed in services and workshops at Jasenovac

Those kept alive were mostly skilled at needed professions and trades ( doctors , pharmacists , electricians , shoemakers , goldsmiths , and so on ) and were employed in services and workshops at Jasenovac .

Successive administrations tried to stabilize the imperial economy by freezing the social structure into place : sons were to succeed their fathers in their trade , councillors were forbidden to resign , and coloni , the cultivators of land , were not to move from the land they were attached to .


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Question: These figures were cited by researcher Israel Gutman in the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust , by the Simon Wiesenthal Center and others .

These figures were cited by researchers Israel Gutman and Menachem Shelach in the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust from 1990 and Simon Wiesenthal Center .

From 1974 to 1976 Auron worked as the Director of the Education Department , Yad Vashem , Jerusalem , in 1980 's he was a researcher of the Center for Jewish Education , Hebrew University and Academic director of European Section , The Israel Diaspora Institute , Tel-Aviv University .


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Question: Thereafter , the NDH started to deport them to Auschwitz .

Thereafter , the NDH ) started to deport them to Auschwitz .

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In October 1942 , the ghetto ' population was liquidated .


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Question: The Nazis encouraged the Ustase 's anti-Jewish and anti-Roma actions and showed support for the anti-Serb policy .

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The Nazis encouraged the Ustase 's anti-Jewish and anti-Roma actions and showed support for the extermination of Serb policy .

Archbishop Aloysius Stepinac is portrayed in this book as an ardent Roman Catholic crusader who publicly endorsed the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia , acknowledged the Ustashe as Croatian patriots , defended it before the Roman Pope and was responsible for the racist attitude and behavior of his clergy .


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Question: In the same spirit , Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic , once captured by Yugoslav forces , admitted , in attempt to somewhat minimize the rate of crimes committed in Jasenovac ( e.g. Miroslav claimed to have personally killed 100 people , extremely understated ) , that during his three months of administration , 20,000 to 30,000 people died , whereas in other sources it is displayed as 40,000 .

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In the same spirit , Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic , once captured by Yugoslav forces , admitted that during his three months of administration , 20,000 to 30,000 people died . Since it became clear that his confession was an attempt to somewhat minimize the rate of crimes committed in Jasenovac , having , for an example , claimed to have personally killed 100 people , extremely understated , Miroslav 's figures are evaluated so that in some sources they appear as 30,000-40 ,000 .

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A larger study started later by Franciszek Piper used timetables of train arrivals combined with deportation records to calculate 960,000 Jewish deaths and 140,000-150 ,000 ethnic Polish victims , along with 23,000 Roma and Sinti , a figure that has met with significant agreement from other scholars .


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Question: Kim Yong-Dae ( born 11 October 1979 ) is a South Korean football player . He plays for Seoul .

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Kim Yong-Dae ( born 11 October 1979 ) is a South Korean football player , who currently plays for the K-League team FC Seoul .

Shinya Chiba ( born May 3 , 1983 ) is a former Japanese football player .


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Question: In the spring of 2009 the name Gustav was retired , it was replaced by Gonzalo in 2014 .

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It will be replaced with Gonzalo in 2014 .

The World Meteorological Organization retired one name in the spring of 1992 : Bob . It was replaced in the 1997 season by Bill .


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Question: Hurricane Gustav was one of 16 named storms , one of seven hurricanes , and one of five major hurricanes in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season .

Hurricane Gustav was the second most destructive hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season .

Hurricane Alicia was the third depression , the first tropical storm , and the only major hurricane of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season .


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E.g. ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Captivity can be used as a term meaning the keeping of either domesticated animals ( livestock , pets ) or wild animals .'] == ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Captivity can be used as a generalizing term to describe the keeping of either domesticated animals ( livestock and pets ) or wild animals .'] != ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Pet rats are typically variants of the species Brown rat , but Black rats and Giant pouched rats are also known to be kept . Pet rats behave differently than their wild counterparts depending on how many generations they have been kept as pets .']

Question: Bichelsee-Balterswil is a municipality of the district of MÃ 1\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

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Bichelsee-Balterswil is a municipality in the district of MÃ 1\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

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Adlikon bei Andelfingen ( or simply Adlikon ) is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of ZÃ 1\/4 rich in Switzerland .


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Question: The lake Bichelsee is in the municipality .

The lake Bichelsee is located in the municipality .

The bog and nature preserve around Ã tang de la GruÃ re is located in the municipality .


Question: It was made from the union on January 1 , 1996 of Bichelsee and Balterswil .

It was formed from the union on January 1 , 1996 of Bichelsee and Balterswil .

Over the next few centuries , Kupferhof Bauschenberg merged with Dollartshammer and StraÃ burger Hof to build the company Prym .


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Question: Worcester is a city of Worcester County in the state of Massachusetts in the United States .

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Worcester is a city in Worcester County , Massachusetts , United States .

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Haverhill is a city in Marshall County , Iowa , United States .


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Question: The Computer Entertainment Rating Organization ( CERO ) is a group that rates video games and computer software in Japan .

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The provided query could be "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Kuttawa is a city in Lyon County , Kentucky , United States .']" and the positive "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Kuttawa is a city of Kentucky in the United States .']"

The Computer Entertainment Rating Organization ( CERO ) is the organization that rates video games and PC games ( except Dating sim , Visual novel , and Eroge ) in Japan with levels of rating that informs the customer of the nature of the product and for what age group it is suitable .

Pan European Game Information ( PEGI ) is a European video game content rating system established to help European parents make informed decisions on buying computer games with logos on games boxes .


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Question: He was born in Providence , Rhode Island . Before he became Senator he was Mayor of Warwick ( 1993-1999 ) .

He was a delegate to the Rhode Island State Constitutional Convention , a member of the Warwick , Rhode Island city council , and later the mayor of Warwick .

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John Henry Hoeven III ( born March 13 , 1957 ) is the junior United States Senator from North Dakota .


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Question: After his father was died in office Chafee was appointed to fill his vacancy .

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After his father announced that he would not seek reelection in 2000 , Lincoln Chafee announced he would run for the seat . When John Chafee died suddenly in October 1999 , Gov. Lincoln Almond appointed the younger Chafee to serve out the term .

Later , he failed a fourth time , and subsequently gave up his bid for the vice president position which was given to Petra Pau instead .


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Question: For example , a cricket ball can be understood as an object but the ball also consists of many particles ( pieces of matter ) .

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For example , a cricket ball can be considered an object but the ball also consists of many particles ( pieces of matter ) .

The way that physical objects , like rocks and trees , have being differs from the way that properties of abstract concepts or relations have being , for example the way the concrete , particular , individuals pictured in picture 1 exist differs from the way the concepts illustrated in graph 1 exist .


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Question: In physics , a physical body ( sometimes called simply a body or even an object ) is a collection of masses , when you look at them as one object only .

In physics , a physical body or physical object ( sometimes simply called a body or object ) is a collection of masses , taken to be one .

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In quantum field theory , at high speed , the creation and annihilation of particles becomes possible , so , it is not possible to keep the number of particles constant .


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Question: Ross County F.C. are a Scottish professional football team who currently play in the Scottish Football League . They play their home matches at Victoria Park in the Highland town of Dingwall , Ross and Cromarty .

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Examples:

"['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'His comics include Hell Baby , Hino Horrors , and Panorama of Hell .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'Some of the books he has written are : Hino Horror , Panorama of Hell , and Hell Baby .']"

Ross County Football Club are a Scottish professional football team from the town of Dingwall , Ross and Cromarty .

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Dundee Football Club , founded in 1893 , are a football club based in the city of Dundee , Scotland .


Question: Leitch , after winning the Challenge Cup but suffering relegation , stood down at the end of the 2006-2007 season , almost exactly one year after his appointment .

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Leitch , after winning the Challenge Cup but suffering relegation , stood down at the end of the 2006 â `` 07 season , almost exactly one year after his appointment .

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After Robson 's contract expired , he returned to England to take up a position in the Football Association 's technical department , but following the resignation of Ruud Gullit at Newcastle United , Robson moved to St James ' Park in September 1999 .


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Question: Their manager , up until October 2005 , was former Inverness Caledonian Thistle and Heart of Midlothian manager John Robertson .

Their manager , for a very short spell until October 2005 , was former Inverness and Hearts manager John Robertson .

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The golfer Paul Lawrie , who won the 1999 Open Championship is a former pupil of Kemnay Academy , as is Aberdeen FC footballer Darren Mackie .


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Question: Kanawha is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Kanawha is a city in Hancock County , Iowa , United States .

Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama .


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Question: Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes which can be burnt as fuel .

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Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes that can be burnt as fuel .

Any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes , or created artificially in a laboratory or factory , is usually mined .


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Question: Biomass is grown from several plants , including switchgrass , hemp , corn , poplar , willow and sugarcane .

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Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants , including miscanthus , switchgrass , hemp , corn , poplar , willow , sorghum , sugarcane , and a variety of tree species , ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm ( palm oil ) .

Along the banks of the river , the presence of swamps and lakes provide a rich growing area for crops such as legumes , chillies , mustard , sesame , sugarcane , and jute .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

For example, '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 2007 , they moved to Los Angeles , California , USA .']' should have a representation like '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'They resided in Los Angeles and London , but in 2007 , the couple settled in Los Angeles .']' but very far from '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'She remained there until 1993 , when she returned to France .']'.

Question: The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products , but it does affect the processing of the raw material .

The particular plant used is usually not important to the end products , but it does affect the processing of the raw material .

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He praised for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor :


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E.g. given '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Bank was very successful and with support from the main Bangladesh Bank , gave loans for the Tangail District ( to the north of the capital , Dhaka ) .']' it should be close to '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Bank was immensely successful and the project , with support from the central Bangladesh Bank , was introduced in 1979 to the Tangail District ( to the north of the capital , Dhaka ) .']' but not to '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The country 's second seaport , Mongla Port , and the country 's only ship building yard is located within Khulna division ."]'.

Question: Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass , they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been ` out ' of the carbon cycle for a very long time . Their combustion therefore disturbs the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere .

On combustion , the carbon from biomass is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) .

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The conversion of nitrogen ( N2 ) from the atmosphere into a form readily available to plants and hence to animals and humans is an important step in the nitrogen cycle , which distributes the supply of this essential nutrient . There are four ways to convert N2 ( atmospheric nitrogen gas ) into more chemically reactive forms :


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Question: Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass , they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been ` out ' of the carbon cycle for a very long time .

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Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient biomass , they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been `` out '' of the carbon cycle for a very long time .


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Question: This happens over a relatively short timescale and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth .

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When from agricultural sources , plant matter used as a fuel can be replaced by planting for new growth .

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An example of this would be an individual animal who learns to eat buds or seedlings of a food crop , destroying the normal supply of food that would later be available from mature plants .


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Question: Biomass includes plant matter grown for use as biofuel , and also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers , chemicals or heat .

However , biomass also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers or chemicals .


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Question: It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum .

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It excludes such organic materials as fossil fuels , which have been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum .

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The second classification , chemical weathering , involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals ( also known as biological weathering ) in the breakdown of rocks , soils and minerals .


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Question: A sawmill is a facility where lumber is cut into boards .

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A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards .

The term originally referred to portions of a log which had been split lengthwise into four or six sections .


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Question: On the other hand people think they were introduced to Madeira following its discovery in c. 1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century .

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They are claimed to have been introduced to Madeira following its discovery in c. 1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century .

Slaves were previously introduced by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century .


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Question: Corneliszoon patented the sawmill on December 15 , 1593 and the pitman on December 6 , 1597 .

Corneliszoon patented the sawmill on December 15 , 1593 and the crank on December 6 , 1597 .

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E.g.:
['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Various objection were raised to this scheme , and the Corporation refused to allow tram lines to be laid in the High Street and Above Bar .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Corporation did not allow tram tracks to be put in the High Street and Above Bar .']

Mars received a patent for his own process on March 3 , 1941 .


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Question: Sawing was slow , and required strong and enduring men .

Sawing was slow , and required strong and hearty men .

Its counter-clockwise direction , however , put a tremendous strain on the drivers ' necks .


Question: The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a Connecting rod known as a pitman ( thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications ) .

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The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a connecting rod known as a pitman arm ( thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications ) .

If the compensation system uses chains , the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines .


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Question: The Dutchman Cornelis Corneliszoon ( 1550-1607 ) invented his type of sawmill by applying a pitman arm onto a wind mill , which converted a turning motion into an up-an-down motion .

The sawmill was also described by the Dutchman Cornelis Corneliszoon ( 1550 â `` 1607 ) by applying a crankshaft onto a windmill , which converted a turning motion into an up-an-down motion .

Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears to transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis .


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Question: Sawmills seem to have existed in the medieval period , as one was sketched by Villard de Honnecourt in c. 1250 .

Sawmills became widespread in medieval Europe again , as one was sketched by Villard de Honnecourt in c. 1250 .

The first known chart showing Everard was by surveyor George Douglas Smythe , made in 1852 and published in 1853 .


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Question: In the United States , the sawmills was introduced soon after the colonisation of Virginia by recruiting skilled men from Hamburgh .

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In the United States , the sawmill was introduced soon after the colonisation of Virginia by recruiting skilled men from Hamburg .

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The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of laborers who were hired for labor from India in the 19th century .


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Question: Later the metal parts were obtained from the Netherlands , where the technology was far ahead of that in England , where the sawmill reamiend largely unknown until the late 18th century .

Later the metal parts were obtained from the Netherlands , where the technology was far ahead of that in England , where the sawmill remained largely unknown until the late 18th century .

Crafts experienced a surprising expansion , and there were around 15 guilds active in the town ; the bootmaker and the most famous furrier guild were the ones to survive for the longest time .


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Question: A sawmill 's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago ; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exits on the other end .

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A sawmill 's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago ; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exits on the other end .

Eventually , the term spoke was more commonly applied to the finished product of the wheelwright 's work , than to the materials he used .


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Question: An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage , also water powered , to steadily move the log through the saw blade .

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An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage , also water powered , to move the log steadily through the saw blade .

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Question: Before to the invention of the sawmill , boards were sawn by two men with a whipsaw , using saddleblocks to hold the log , and a pit for the pitman who worked below .

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Prior to the invention of the sawmill , boards were rived and planed , or more often sawn by two men with a whipsaw , using saddleblocks to hold the log , and a saw pit for the pitman who worked below .

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Another method of ducking was to use the tumbrel , which consisted of a chair on two wheels with two long shafts fixed to the axles .


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Question: Emily Greene Balch ( 1867-1961 ) shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 with John Raleigh Mott ( 1865-1955 ) .

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Emily Greene Balch ( January 8 , 1867 -- January 9 , 1961 ) was an American academic , writer , and pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 ( the prize that year was shared with John Mott ) , notably for her work with the Women 's International League for Peace and Freedom ( WILPF ) .

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Henri La Fontaine ( 22 April 1854 -- 14 May 1943 ) , was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau from 1907 to 1943 who received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 .


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Question: As an example of formal language , an alphabet might be . One string over that alphabet is .

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A formal language L over an alphabet Î # is a subset of Î # \* , that is , a set of words over that alphabet .

Finite sequences include the empty sequence that has no elements .


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Question: A formal language is often thought of as :

By an abuse of the definition , a particular formal language is often thought of as being equipped with a formal grammar that describes it .

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Functions need not act on numbers : the domain and codomain of a function may be arbitrary sets .


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Question: The mathematical theory that treats formal languages in general is known as formal language theory .

In mathematical logic , a formal theory is a set of sentences expressed in a formal language .

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The notion of permutation is used in the following contexts .


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E.g. "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'There is a knock at the door , and MimÃ , a seamstress who lives in a flat below , enters .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'There is a knock at the door , and MimÃ , flower maker who lives in another room in the building , enters .']" != "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Soon afterwards Anne finds Tom 's London house , only to see him emerge from a sedan chair which also contains Baba , whom he has just married ."]"

Question: Shinjuku Station is a railway station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo , Japan .

Shinjuku Station is a train station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo , Japan .

Tokyo Tower is a communications and observation tower located in Shiba Park , Minato , Tokyo , Japan .


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Question: Phenix , Virginia is a town of Virginia in the United States .

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Phenix is a town in Charlotte County , Virginia , United States .

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Farmer City , Illinois is the only Farmer City in the entire United States .


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Question: He was the last Postmaster who led Post Office as an Executive Department and held cabinet-member rank .

He was the last Postmaster General who led Post Office as an Executive Department and who held Cabinet-member rank .

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He or she is thus the equivalent of an Executive Officer in the United States Army .


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['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Back at camp , Tom and Katie said that Ian was being two-faced , but well-liked .'] == ['', 'Back at camp , Tom and Katie accused Ian of being two-faced for not honoring their alliance , while the latter exclaimed that they are in a competition .'] != ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Back at the camp , Courtney was bitter because of some of the opinions expressed in the challenge and Shane was upset because he had n't been chosen by Cirie for the reward ."]

Question: He is also known as the founder and Chief Executive Officer of construction giant Blount International .

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He is also known as the founder and former Chief Executive Officer of the large construction company Blount International .

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Provided: "['', 'Sensing of both the external and internal environments at the cellular level relies on signal transduction .']" Match: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Thus , sensing of both the external and internal environment at the cellular level , relies on signal transduction .']"

He currently lives in Beaverton , Oregon and is the chief technology officer for AboutUs .


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Question: Brabova is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

Brabova is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 1,776 people .

Voitinel is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: In the Adagio of his Symphony No. 9 a solo bassoon theme appears first in D minor , but comes back two more times notated in C minor .

In the Adagio of his Symphony No. 9 a solo bassoon interpolation following the main theme appears first in D minor , returning twice more notated in C minor .

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The first clarinet plays a melody that uses the notes of the C major chord , while the second clarinet plays a variant of the same melody using the notes of the F sharp major chord .


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E.g. given '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Pleasant Hill is a city of Iowa in the United States .']' it should be close to '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Pleasant Hill is a city in Polk County , Iowa , United States .']' but not to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States .']'.

Question: Because it has so many flats , D minor is usually written as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor .

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For clarity and simplicity , D minor is usually notated as its enharmonic equivalent of C minor , as it is , for example , in the second and third measures of Amy Beach 's Canticle of the Sun .

The sixth mode has the intervals tone , tone , semitone , semitone , tone , tone , semitone , semitone - it has six transpositions , like the tritone , and four modes .


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Question: The Adagio of Bruckner 's Symphony No. 8 , also has phrases that are tonally in D minor but written as C minor .

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Likewise , in the Adagio of Bruckner 's Symphony No. 8 , phrases that are tonally in D minor are notated as C minor .

Ives published a large collection of his songs , many of which had piano parts that paralleled modern movements in Europe , including bitonality and pantonality .


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Question: For example , Mahler 's thematic motif `` der kleine Appell '' ( `` call to order '' ) from his Fourth and Fifth Symphonies is written in D minor in Symphony No. 4 , but in his Symphony No. 5 it is in C minor .

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Mahler 's thematic motif `` der kleine Appell '' ( `` call to order '' ) from his Fourth and Fifth Symphonies is similarly notated . In his Symphony No. 4 ( first movement ) it is in D minor , but in his Symphony No. 5 it is in C minor .

The song also has a backing piano part similar in content to that of The Beatles ' `` A Day in the Life '' , which also contains a three octave jump in C major .


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Question: When countries get or try to get nuclear weapons , it is called nuclear proliferation .

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Fewshot example: "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Heliconia , derived from the Greek word helikonios , is a genus of about 100 to 200 species of flowering plants native to the tropical Americas and the Pacific Ocean islands west to Indonesia .']" == "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'They are native tropical South America , as well as the Pacific Ocean Islands west to Indonesia . There are between 100 and 200 species in the genus .']"

In the late 1940s , lack of mutual trust was preventing the United States and the Soviet Union from making ground towards international arms control agreements , but by the 1960s steps were being taken to limit both the proliferation of nuclear weapons to other countries and the environmental effects of nuclear testing . The Partial Test Ban Treaty ( 1963 ) restricted all nuclear testing to underground nuclear testing , to prevent contamination from nuclear fallout , while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( 1968 ) attempted to place restrictions on the types of activities which signatories could participate in , with the goal of allowing the transference of non-military nuclear technology to member countries without fear of proliferation .

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In addition , Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons , though it does not acknowledge having them .


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Question: Nuclear weapons are also known as `` atomic bombs '' , `` atom bombs '' , or `` A-bombs '' .

Such fission weapons are commonly referred to as atomic bombs or atom bombs ( abbreviated as A-bombs ) , though their energy comes specifically from the nucleus of the atom .

A chemical used in warfare is called a chemical warfare agent ( CWA ) . About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical warfare agents during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries .


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Question: Iran is believed to be making nuclear weapons , but they say they are just making nuclear energy . When countries get or try to get nuclear weapons , it is called nuclear proliferation .

Nuclear weapons deliveryâ '' the technology and systems used to bring a nuclear weapon to its targetâ '' is an important aspect of nuclear weapons relating both to nuclear weapon design and nuclear strategy .

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For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It is the most populous civil parish in the Epping Forest district .']' should be close to '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Loughton is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex .']'

In the late 1940s , lack of mutual trust was preventing the United States and the Soviet Union from making ground towards international arms control agreements , but by the 1960s steps were being taken to limit both the proliferation of nuclear weapons to other countries and the environmental effects of nuclear testing . The Partial Test Ban Treaty ( 1963 ) restricted all nuclear testing to underground nuclear testing , to prevent contamination from nuclear fallout , while the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( 1968 ) attempted to place restrictions on the types of activities which signatories could participate in , with the goal of allowing the transference of non-military nuclear technology to member countries without fear of proliferation .


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Question: Many countries in the world possess nuclear weapons today .

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In addition , Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons , though it does not acknowledge having them .

As was realized in the previous decade in Canada and the next year in Hong Kong , existing habits are hard to replace .


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Question: A nuclear weapon is a weapon that suddenly releases the energy in the nucleus of certain types of atoms .

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There are two basic types of nuclear weapon .

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The electrons in an atom are attracted to the protons in the nucleus by the electromagnetic force . This force binds the electrons inside an electrostatic potential well surrounding the smaller nucleus , which means that an external source of energy is needed for the electron to escape .


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Question: But many countries have managed to create nuclear weapons . Many countries in the world possess nuclear weapons today .

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Nuclear weapons have also been opposed by agreements between countries .

India is now probably the world 's largest concentrator of heavy water , also used in nuclear power reactors .


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Question: Koicha produces a sweeter tea , and is almost always only served as part of Japanese tea ceremonies .

Koicha is normally made with more expensive matcha from older tea trees ( exceeding thirty years ) and thus actually produces a milder and sweeter tea than usucha ; it is served almost exclusively as part of Japanese tea ceremonies .

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A tea ceremony can last up to four hours , depending on the type of ceremony performed , the number of guests , and the types of meal and tea served .


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Question: The very top of the tree has developing leaves that are soft and supple .

The very top would have developing leaves that are soft and supple .

It is typically 20 to 30 cm ( 8 to 12 inch ) in diameter with relatively low sides that flare outwards , a long handle , and no lid .


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Question: Nearly all the flavor of matcha comes from the amino acids .

The flavor of matcha is dominated by its amino acids .

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It is generally added at the last moment , as cooking quickly destroys the flavor .


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Question: Stone grinding is quite difficult to do well .

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Stone grinding is an art form in and of itself .

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However , there are other methods of chocolate tempering used .


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Question: It is used in Japanese tea ceremony and for dying and flavoring foods such as mochi and soba noodles , green tea ice cream and different types of wagashi ( Japanese confectionery ) .

In modern times , matcha has also come to be used to flavor and dye foods such as mochi and soba noodles , green tea ice cream and a variety of wagashi ( Japanese confectionery ) .

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Castella is a popular Japanese sponge cake made of sugar , flour , eggs , and starch syrup , very common at festivals and as a street food .


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Question: It is used in castella , manju , and monaka ; as a topping for kakigori ; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink ; and mixed with salt and used to flavor tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio .

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It is used in castella , manjÅ `` , and monaka ; as a topping for kakigori ; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink ; and mixed with salt and used to flavor tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio .

HÅ tÅ is a popular regional dish originating from Yamanashi , Japan made by stewing flat udon noodles and vegetables in miso soup .


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Question: Otherwise , it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .

Otherwise , it can be scooped directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .

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Finally , the handle of a mug keeps the hand away from the hot sides of a mug .


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Question: The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest . At that time , the tea bushes are covered so that they do not get direct sunlight .

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The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest , when the tea bushes are covered to prevent direct sunlight .

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It also thrives over the summertime in the central and northern United States , but dies out when temperatures reach freezing point . It will grow back the next year if allowed to go to seed .