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Question: In practice it is the locomotive which decides where trains may operate , although many high capacity four axle wagons have high RAs when fully loaded .

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In practice it is the locomotive which governs where trains may operate , although many high capacity 4 axle wagons have high RAs when fully loaded .

The 1983 stock proved to be unreliable and troublesome in service , with single-leaf doors making passenger loading and unloading a slower process than on other stock with wider door openings .


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Question: All routes are given an RA number between 1 and 10 .

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All routes are allocated an RA number between 1 and 10 .

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For example, ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'The Kunstakademie DÃ 1\\/4 sseldorf , formerly Staatliche Kunstakademie DÃ 1\\/4 sseldorf , is the Arts Academy of the city of DÃ 1\\/4 sseldorf .'] should be similar to ['Represent the natural language', 'The Staatliche Kunstakademie DÃ 1\\/4 sseldorf is the Arts Academy of the city of DÃ 1\\/4 sseldorf .']

Twenty single-car driving motor vehicles , called `` Bubble Cars '' , were built , numbered 55000 â `` 55019 .


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Question: The RA is mainly about the axle load of the vehicle , although axle spacing is also taken into thought .

The RA is primarily related to the axle load of the vehicle , although axle spacing is also taken into consideration .

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However , despite its simplicity , it suffers from a secondary imbalance which causes minor vibrations in smaller engines .


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Question: Route Availability ( RA ) is the system by which the permanent way and supporting works ( bridges , embankments , etc ) of the National Rail network of Great Britain are graded .

Route Availability ( RA ) is the system by which the permanent way and supporting works ( bridges , embankments , etc. ) of the National Rail network of Great Britain are graded .

The term train operating company ( often abbreviated to TOC ) is used in the United Kingdom to describe the various businesses operating passenger trains on the railway system of Great Britain under the collective National Rail brand .


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Question: Rolling stock is also given an RA ( again between 1 and 10 ) and the RA of a train is the highest RA of any of the supporting elements .

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Rolling stock is also allocated an RA ( again between 1 and 10 ) and the RA of a train is the highest RA of any of its elements .

Taking any particular station as the origin , the other stations fall into fare `` zones '' depending on the distance from the origin .


Question: Diana Wynne Jones ( August 16 , 1934 â `` March 25 , 2011 ) was an author from England . She wrote fantasy novels .

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Diana Wynne Jones ( 16 August 1934 â `` 26 March 2011 ) was a British writer , principally of fantasy novels for children and adults , as well as a small amount of non-fiction .

Theodore Crawford Cassidy ( July 31 , 1932 â `` January 16 , 1979 ) , known as Ted Cassidy , was an American actor who performed in television and films .


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Question: It was the tallest building in the world for over 200 years ( 1300 â `` 1549 ) , but the central spire fell down in the sixteenth century and was not rebuilt .

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It was reputedly the tallest building in the world for 249 years ( 1300 -- 1549 ) . The central spire collapsed in 1549 and was not rebuilt .

Pope Sixtus V ( 1585 â `` 1590 ) planned to turn the building into a wool factory to provide employment for Rome 's prostitutes , though this proposal fell through with his premature death .


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Question: Lincoln Cathedral is an Anglican church in Lincoln , England .

Lincoln Cathedral ( in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln , or sometimes St. Mary 's Cathedral ) is a historic Anglican cathedral in Lincoln in England and seat of the Bishop of Lincoln in the Church of England .

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Oakham is the county town of Rutland , England .


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Question: People who began comparing each others ' playing skills through videos exchanged over the Internet started speedruns . People want verifiability to see whether a person followed the rules and thus see whether the run counts as a valid attempt to beat the record .

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Entertainment has traditionally been the reason for the creation of speedruns , as the phenomenon was originally devised by enthusiasts who began comparing each others ' playing skills via movies exchanged over the Internet , while verifiability stems from the necessity to provide evidence that one 's playthrough went by the typical or game-specific speedrun rules and thus counts as a valid attempt to beat the record .

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The game was critically acclaimed , but its abstract style did not allow the player to give a `` performance '' as in other games and thus proved difficult to market .


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Question: A speedrun is a play-through , or a recording of this play-through of a whole video game or a part of it . The player tries to complete this game as fast as possible .

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A speedrun is a play-through , or recording thereof , of a whole video game or a selected part of it ( such as a single level ) performed with the intent of completing it as fast as possible , optionally under certain prerequisites , mainly for the purposes of entertainment and competition .

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Chess boxing is now growing in popularity . Participants must be both skilled boxers and chess players , as a match may be won either way .


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Question: Speedruns are usually recorded on video tapes ( mainly where consoles are concerned ) , or as a digital file , by the people ( `` players '' ) who make them . It is recorded for entertainment .

Commonly , speedruns are recorded on either an analog media such as a video tape ( predominantly when games on consoles are concerned ) , or as a digital file , by the people ( `` players '' ) who make them , for entertainment , time refinement , or verifiability purposes .

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Floppy disks are also , unlike hard disks , handled and seen ; even a novice user can identify a floppy disk . Because of all these factors , the image of the floppy disk has become a metaphor for saving data , and the floppy disk symbol is ( as of 2011 ) still used by software on buttons and other user interface elements related to saving files , even though such disks are obsolete .


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Question: For example , gamers do not `` speedrun '' a racing game . In those cases the game 's standard setting for recording fast times is called a time attack or time trial mode .

The term , a compound of the words speed and run ( as in `` running '' through a game , referring to the playing of a game ) is only used in the context of games that were not originally or primarily designed with fast completion in mind ( one generally does not `` speedrun '' a racing game ; in those cases the game 's standard setting for achieving and recording fast times is called a time attack or time trial mode ) .

Players take turns repeating increasingly-complicated sequences of button presses and the game implemented the `` call and response '' mechanic used by later music video games .


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Question: Johan Djourou ( born 18 January 1987 ) is a Swiss football player . He plays for Arsenal and Switzerland national team .

Johan Danon Djourou-Gbadjere ( born 18 January 1987 in Abidjan , Ivory Coast ) , more commonly known as Johan Djourou , is an Ivorian-born Swiss international footballer who plays for Arsenal .

Daniel Munthe Agger ( born 12 December 1984 ) is a Danish footballer , who plays as a central defender for Premier League side Liverpool .


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Question: The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( or NNPT ) is a treaty that was made to stop nuclear weapons from being built .

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons , also Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT or NNPT ) is a treaty to limit the spread ( proliferation ) of nuclear weapons .

The treaty was created with an armed attack by the Soviet Union against Western Europe in mind , but the mutual self-defense clause was never invoked during the Cold War .


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Question: Nations who sign the treaty , but are not nuclear weapons states , promise to not use their nuclear power plants to make nuclear weapons .

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Several NPT signatories have given up nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons programs . South Africa undertook a nuclear weapons program , allegedly with the assistance of Israel in the 1970s , and may have conducted a nuclear test in the Indian Ocean in 1979 , but has since renounced its nuclear program and signed the treaty in 1991 after destroying its small nuclear arsenal .

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In addition , Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons , though it does not acknowledge having them .


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Question: The treaty says that only five countries are allowed to have nuclear weapons . These are called nuclear weapons states .

Four non-parties to the treaty are known or believed to possess nuclear weapons : India , Pakistan and North Korea have openly tested and declared that they possess nuclear weapons , while Israel has had a policy of opacity regarding its own nuclear weapons program .

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Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population ( after Indonesia ) , and its status as a declared nuclear power , being the only Islamic nation to have that status , plays a part in its international role .


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Question: These are called nuclear weapons states .

Several NPT signatories have given up nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons programs .

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These are , however , distinct concepts .


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Question: 30 minutes after the crash , the people on Andrea Doria decided to abandon the ship .

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On Andrea Doria , the decision to abandon ship was made within 30 minutes of impact .

After 45 minutes in the sky , he shot several balloons , and then accidentally dropped his pellet gun overboard .


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Question: Several books have been published about Andrea Doria .

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Several books have been written about Andrea Doria .

Over the following months , four films in which Monroe featured were released .


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Question: It launched lifeboats to rescue passengers of the Andrea Doria .

Much to the dismay of MS Stockholm mariners , the first three lifeboats from Andrea Doria to arrive contained mostly Italian Andrea Doria crew ( waiters and stewards ) rather than passengers .

Wallace and the crew spent ten days in an open boat before being picked up by the brig Jordeson , which was sailing from Cuba to London .


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Question: Makemake ( officially known as 136472 Makemake ) is a dwarf planet , discovered on 31 March 2005 by astronomers Michael E. Brown , Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz .

Initially known as ' and later given the minor planet number 136472 , it was discovered on March 31 , 2005 , by a team led by Michael Brown , and announced on July 29 , 2005 . Its name derives from the Rapanui god Makemake .

7066 Nessus ( ; from ) is a centaur ( a type of icy planetoid ) that was discovered by David L. Rabinowitz , working with Spacewatch , at Kitt Peak on 26 April 1993 .


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Question: People who play music from the Renaissance or Baroque on period instruments sometimes play without any vibrato .

However , there is no actual proof that singers performed without vibrato in the baroque era . Vocal music of the renaissance is almost never sung with vibrato as a rule , and it seems unlikely it ever was .

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Since some ocarinas are fully chromatic and can be played in professional musical situations , including classical and folk , sheet music is an ideal notation for ocarinas .


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Question: People who play music from the Renaissance or Baroque on period instruments sometimes play without any vibrato . Other people think that players of those days did use some vibrato .

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Despite his technique , he was unable to play without vibrato .

Because qin tablature is so useful , logical , easy , and the fastest way ( once the performer knows how to read the notation ) of learning a piece , it is invaluable to the qin player and can not totally be replaced ( just as staff notation can not be replaced for Western instruments , because they developed a notation system that suited the instruments well ) .


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Question: Violinists and other players of string instruments produce vibrato by moving the finger backwards and forwards on the fingerboard .

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The method of producing vibrato on other instruments varies . On string instruments , for example , the finger used to stop the string can be wobbled on the fingerboard , or actually moved up and down the string for a wider vibrato .

This forms the bulk of most qin pieces and requires the player to press on a string with a finger or thumb of the left hand until it connects with the surface board , then pluck .


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Question: In the interview , Pamuk said , `` Thirty thousand Kurds , and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody dares to talk about it . ''

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In the interview , Pamuk stated , `` Thirty thousand Kurds have been killed here , and a million Armenians . And almost nobody dares to mention that .

The stated intention of ASALA was `` to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915 , pay reparations , and cede territory for an Armenian homeland '' .


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Question: Ferit Orhan Pamuk ( born June 7 , 1952 ) a famous Nobel Prize-winning Turkish author .

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Ferit Orhan Pamuk ( born 7 June 1952 ) , generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk , is a Turkish novelist .

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Sezen Aksu ( born : Fatma Sezen YÄ ldÄ rÄ m ) ( born July 13 , 1954 in Denizli ) is a Turkish pop music singer , song-writer and producer who sold over 40 million albums worldwide .


Question: Craig James Brewster , ( born in Dundee December 13 , 1966 ) , is a Scottish manager and former professional footballer .

Craig James Brewster ( born 13 December 1966 ) is a Scottish football player and coach .

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Tom Sermanni ( born 1 July 1954 ) is a Scottish association football coach and former professional player .


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Question: He began playing guitar in open D-minor tuning with three fingers .

He began playing guitar in open D-minor tuning and developed the three-finger picking technique heard in his recordings .

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Vocalist Chris Martin was inspired by the sight and the song 's main melody , consisting of a chord pattern , popped into his head .


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Question: He worked on road construction in the early 1920s , and wrote what his earliest song , `` Illinois Blues '' , about his experience as a worker .

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He worked on road construction and levee-building crews in his native Mississippi in the early 1920s , and wrote what is perhaps his earliest song , `` Illinois Blues '' , about his experiences as a laborer .

Davis took an active role in the project , so much so that it soon became `` his project '' .


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Question: For the next thirty years , James did not record any songs .

For the next thirty years , James recorded nothing and drifted in and out of music .

He would publicly maintain that he had lost all interest in the project .


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Question: In July 1964 , James started playing again and he recorded for the Takoma , Melodeon , and Vanguard labels and played until his death in 1969 .

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Throughout the remainder of the decade , he recorded for the Takoma , Melodeon , and Vanguard labels and played various engagements until his death in Philadelphia from cancer in 1969 .

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Plagued by health problems , Fitzgerald made her last recording in 1991 and her last public performances in 1993 .


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Question: Sarayu river is mentioned in Ramayana .

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Sarayu river is mentioned in great details in Ramayana .

At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist ; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana , a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha .


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Question: Sarayu river is mentioned in Ramayana . Ramayana mention that city of Ayodhya was situated on the bank of Sarayu river .

Later on , according to Ramayana 1.5.6 , the Sarayu flowed beside the ancient city of Ayodhya , which is in the modern day Uttar Pradesh .

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Vithoba 's main temple stands at Pandharpur in Maharashtra , close to the Karnataka border .


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Question: Ramayana mention that city of Ayodhya was situated on the bank of Sarayu river .

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Ayodhya , capital of King Rama is mentioned on the banks of Sarayu river .

City of Faizabad is the headquarters of Faizabad District and a municipal board in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India , situated on the banks of river Ghaghra ( locally known as Saryu ) .


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Question: Diego VelÃ zquez ( June 1599 - 6 August 1660 ) was a Spanish painter , the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV .

Diego RodrÃ guez de Silva y VelÃ zquez ( ; June 6 , 1599 â `` August 6 , 1660 ) was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV .

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Agostino Cornacchini ( August 27 , 1686 â `` 1754 ) was an Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period , active mainly in Rome .


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Question: Ross Brann , a professor of Judeo-Islamic classes at Cornell University in Ithaca , stated that Wikipedia is without a way to expertly review , saying , `` They could make up your life if they wanted to . ''

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'A quickie refers to a brief or spontaneous episode of sexual activity , with the couple finishing it in a very short amount of time .']' should be close to '['', 'A quickie is a brief act of sexual intercourse .']'

Ross Brann , a professor of Judeo-Islamic studies at Cornell University in Ithaca , stated that Wikipedia lacks a process of scholarly review , saying , `` They could make up your life if they wanted to . ''

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However , the overwhelming majority of people who visit Wikipedia have no knowledge of most of these , and only read articles .


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Question: Larry Sanger , editor-in-chief of online encyclopedia Citizendium , and a co-founder of Wikipedia who quit the project in 2002 , called Essjay 's response `` a defiant non-apology '' and elsewhere stated Essjay 's actions as `` identity fraud . ''

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Larry Sanger , founding editor-in-chief of online encyclopedia Citizendium , and a co-founder of Wikipedia who left the project in 2002 , called Essjay 's response `` a defiant non-apology '' and elsewhere characterized Essjay 's actions as `` identity fraud . ''

Wikia has been accused of unduly profiting from a perceived association with Wikipedia . Although Wikia has been referred to in the media as `` the commercial counterpart to the non-profit Wikipedia '' , Wikimedia and Wikia staff call this description inaccurate .


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Question: Talking about Jordan , Wales said , â Mr. Ryan was a friend , and still is a friend .

Speaking personally about Jordan , Wales said , `` Mr. Ryan was a friend , and still is a friend .

Cotton was quoted as saying , `` He just gave it to me .


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Question: In it Schiff said that Essjay 's statement was `` complete nonsense . ''

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In it , Schiff stated that Essjay 's assertion was `` complete nonsense . ''

However , it did criticize some aspects of the book describing the prose as `` choppy and attitude-filled '' and complaining that '' ( t ) he characters are n't emotionally involving '' .


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Question: When Essjay was hired by Wikia in January 2007 , he made changes to his Wikia profile and `` came clean on who he really was , '' showing himself as Ryan Jordan .

When Essjay was hired by Wikia in January 2007 , he changed his Wikia profile and `` came clean on who he really was , '' identifying himself as Ryan Jordan .

Andrew Orlowski , a frequent Wikipedia critic and writer for The Registerâ '' a British technology news and opinion websiteâ '' criticized Jimmy Wales for hiring Essjay at the venture-capital-funded `` Wikia '' and for appointing him to the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee after Essjay had apparently admitted his previously claimed academic and professional credentials were false .


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Question: Essjay said that he had sent an email to a college professor using his false persona 's credentials , telling for Wikipedia 's accuracy .

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Jordan , as Essjay , claimed he sent an email to a college professor using his invented persona 's credentials , vouching for Wikipedia 's accuracy .

In other words , that precise analysis must have been published by a reliable source in relation to the topic before it can be published on Wikipedia .


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Question: In his activities as an editor , Essjay had spent less time changing the content of articles and more time addressing vandalism and resolving editorial disputes .

In his editorial activities Jordan spent less time editing the content of articles and more time addressing vandalism and resolving editorial disputes .

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Note , however , that contrary to some sites directed towards youth , Wikipedia does not have staff to patrol discussion pages or remove inappropriate comments ; it only has volunteer administrators , who may exclude people breaching civility rules , but who will not censor conversations , even if they deal with adult topics .


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Question: Wales stated his regret that Essjay had `` made a series of very bad judgments . ''

Wales expressed his regret that Essjay had `` made a series of very bad judgments . ''

Larry Sanger , founding editor-in-chief of online encyclopedia Citizendium , and a co-founder of Wikipedia who left the project in 2002 , called Essjay 's response `` a defiant non-apology '' and elsewhere characterized Essjay 's actions as `` identity fraud . ''


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Question: Other Wikipedia editors asked Essjay questions on his Wikipedia talk page about the difference between his new Wikia profile and his previously claimed credentials .

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Other Wikipedia editors questioned Essjay on his Wikipedia talk page about the apparent discrepancy between his new Wikia profile and his previously claimed credentials .

Please remember that time spent with and number of edits to Wikipedia are not indicative of the quality of an editor 's contributions , or of their diplomatic ability .


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Question: Andrew Orlowski , a Wikipedia critic and writer for The Registerâ '' a British technology news and opinion websiteâ '' criticized Jimmy Wales for hiring Essjay at the venture-capital-funded ` Wikia ' and for making him a member on the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee . Essjay had admitted his stated academic and professional credentials were false before he was made a member .

Andrew Orlowski , a frequent Wikipedia critic and writer for The Registerâ '' a British technology news and opinion websiteâ '' criticized Jimmy Wales for hiring Essjay at the venture-capital-funded `` Wikia '' and for appointing him to the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee after Essjay had apparently admitted his previously claimed academic and professional credentials were false .

According to The New Yorker , Essjay `` was willing to describe his work as a Wikipedia administrator but would not identify himself other than by confirming the biographical details that appeared on his user page . ''


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Question: In late February 2007 the magazine updated its article with a change ( correction ) saying that `` Essjay now says that his real name is Ryan Jordan , that he is twenty-four and holds no advanced degrees , and that he has never taught . ''

In late February 2007 , the magazine updated its article with a correction indicating that `` Essjay now says that his real name is Ryan Jordan , that he is twenty-four and holds no advanced degrees , and that he has never taught . ''

Others to comment adversely included ZDNet writer Mitch Ratcliffe , who asked `` why lying about one 's background qualifies a person to work for a company like Wikia , which proposes to help communities to record accurate information '' and asked for additional details `` such as when he fired Jordan and the reasons for the firing , as well as when he endorsed Jordan in public statements . ''


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Question: Orlowski added that Essjay 's actions showed a harmful community way of thinking inside Wikipedia .

Orlowski added that Essjay 's actions betrayed a dangerous community mindset within Wikipedia .

The writing of `` puff pieces '' and advertisements on Wikipedia is strictly prohibited .


Question: I hope the world will let him go in peace to build an honorable life and reputation .

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I hope the world will let him go in peace to build an honorable life and reputation . ''

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He asked for voluntary donations to support himself and his family so that he could practice full time .


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Question: Essjay was pictured as taking his laptop to class so he could be available to other Wikipedians while giving a quiz .

It portrayed Essjay as often taking his laptop to class so he could be available to other Wikipedians while giving a quiz .

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Essjay defended his use of the book by telling fellow Wikipedia editors in a disagreement over the editing of the article Imprimatur : `` This is a text I often require for my students , and I would hang my own Ph. D. on its credibility . ''


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Question: â Wales argued `` contributors to the site who claim certain credentials will soon have to prove they really have them . ''

Wales argued `` contributors to the site who claim certain credentials will soon have to prove they really have them . ''

However , younger editors may need advice on editing Wikipedia â `` this page aims to be your guide .


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Question: On March 3 , 2007 , Andrew Lih , Assistant Professor and Director of Technology Journalism and of the Media Studies Centre at the University of Hong Kong , said on his blog that a part of Essjay 's comments on the incident entered `` the dangerous domain of defamation and libel '' against Stacy Schiff .

On March 3 , 2007 , Andrew Lih , Assistant Professor and Director of Technology Journalism and of the Media Studies Centre at the University of Hong Kong , said on his blog that a portion of Essjay 's comments on the incident entered `` the dangerous domain of defamation and libel '' against Stacy Schiff .

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Question: Following the media broadcast of the Essjay controversy , a number of people noted the damage to the credibility of Wikipedia .

Following the media coverage of the Essjay controversy , a number of academics noted the damage to the credibility of Wikipedia .

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Question: Social activist and Wikipedia critic Daniel Brandt then told `` The New Yorker '' about the difference in profiles .

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Social activist and Wikipedia critic Daniel Brandt then wrote a letter reporting the identity discrepancy to Stacy Schiff and The New Yorker .


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Question: However , Florence Devouard , chair of the Wikimedia Foundation , was not supportive of his credential suggestion , saying , `` I think what matters is the quality of the content , which we can improve by enforcing policies such as ` cite your source , ' not the quality of credentials showed by an editor . ''

However , Florence Devouard , chair of the Wikimedia Foundation , was not supportive of his credential proposal , saying , `` I think what matters is the quality of the content , which we can improve by enforcing policies such as ` cite your source , ' not the quality of credentials showed by an editor . ''

The most important rule on Wikipedia is to ignore all rules , which means that even editors with little or no knowledge of `` rules '' can be great contributors to Wikipedia .


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Question: Essjay posted a reason in response to the first question , saying that :

Essjay posted a detailed explanation in response to the first inquiry , stating that :

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You made a fool of everyone '' ) as he was leaving .


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Question: Brann also said that Wikipedia `` has no place in the University , '' and he believed the Essjay incident would do nothing to change the negative opinion that academics generally hold about the online encyclopedia .

Brann also said that Wikipedia `` has no place in the University , '' and he believed the Essjay incident would do nothing to change the unfavorable opinion that academics generally hold about the online encyclopedia .


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Question: Essjay defended his use of the book by telling fellow Wikipedia editors in a disagreement over the editing of the article Imprimatur : `` This is a text I often require for my students , and I would hang my own Ph. D. on itâ s credibility . ''

Essjay defended his use of the book by telling fellow Wikipedia editors in a disagreement over the editing of the article Imprimatur : `` This is a text I often require for my students , and I would hang my own Ph. D. on its credibility . ''

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Ross Brann , a professor of Judeo-Islamic studies at Cornell University in Ithaca , stated that Wikipedia lacks a process of scholarly review , saying , `` They could make up your life if they wanted to . ''


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Question: Stacy Schiff , a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter writing for The New Yorker , interviewed Essjay as a source for an article about Wikipedia . ( `` Know It All '' ; July 31 , 2006 ) He was suggested for this to her by a member of the Wikimedia Foundation .

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Stacy Schiff , a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist writing for The New Yorker , interviewed Essjay as a source for an article about Wikipedia ( `` Know It All '' ; July 31 , 2006 ) after he was recommended to her by a member of the Wikimedia Foundation .

When Essjay was hired by Wikia in January 2007 , he changed his Wikia profile and `` came clean on who he really was , '' identifying himself as Ryan Jordan .


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Question: During the interview , Jordan told The New Yorker and had said on his Wikipedia user page that he had doctoral degrees in theology and canon law . He also said he worked as a tenured professor at a private university .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'As of 2000 , the population was 33,647 .']" should be close to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', '33,647 people live in Green County as of the 2000 census .']"

During the interview , Jordan told The New Yorker and had previously stated on his Wikipedia user page that he held doctoral degrees in theology and canon law and worked as a tenured professor at a private university .

In late February 2007 , the magazine updated its article with a correction indicating that `` Essjay now says that his real name is Ryan Jordan , that he is twenty-four and holds no advanced degrees , and that he has never taught . ''


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Question: The New Yorker , said Essjay `` was willing to describe his work as a Wikipedia administrator but would not identify himself other than by confirming the biographical details that appeared on his user page . ''

According to The New Yorker , Essjay `` was willing to describe his work as a Wikipedia administrator but would not identify himself other than by confirming the biographical details that appeared on his user page . ''

Brann also said that Wikipedia `` has no place in the University , '' and he believed the Essjay incident would do nothing to change the unfavorable opinion that academics generally hold about the online encyclopedia .


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Question: It was later found that he was 24 years old and had quit community college with no qualifications .

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It was later discovered that he was 24 years old , and had dropped out of community college with no qualifications .

He does n't know if he was a slow learner , or just not interested , but he did not do well in school until the seventh grade .


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Question: While most editors opposed at least some of his actions , responses ranged from offering complete support to accusing Jordan of fraud .

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While most editors denounced at least some of his actions , responses ranged from offering complete support to accusing Jordan of fraud .

He had also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton , two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part .


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Question: Showing comments by Essjay on his Wikipedia talk pages , Sanger stated that other members of Wikipedia management , including Angela Beesley ( co-founder of Wikia and a member of Wikimedia Foundation 's Communications Committee ) and Brad Patrick ( legal counsel for the Wikimedia Foundation ) had worked in hiring Jordan when they knew of the identity difference .

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Citing comments by Essjay on his Wikipedia talk pages , Sanger asserted that other members of Wikipedia management , including Angela Beesley ( co-founder of Wikia and a member of Wikimedia Foundation 's Communications Committee ) and Brad Patrick ( legal counsel for the Wikimedia Foundation ) had participated in hiring Jordan despite their knowledge of the identity discrepancy .

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In 2006 Snow served as a spokesman for the Wikimedia Foundation , was appointed to the board in February 2008 and elected chairman on July 17 , 2008 .


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Question: Others to comment negatively included ZDNet writer Mitch Ratcliffe . Ratcliffe asked `` why lying about one 's background qualifies a person to work for a company like Wikia , which proposes to help communities to record accurate information '' and asked for additional details `` such as when he fired Jordan and the reasons for the firing , as well as when he endorsed Jordan in public statements . ''

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Others to comment adversely included ZDNet writer Mitch Ratcliffe , who asked `` why lying about one 's background qualifies a person to work for a company like Wikia , which proposes to help communities to record accurate information '' and asked for additional details `` such as when he fired Jordan and the reasons for the firing , as well as when he endorsed Jordan in public statements . ''

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Sanger also implied that Jordan 's firing was purely the result of public outcry , and that `` Only after these sad facts were publicly exposed , only after there was a hue and cry , did Jimmy Wales decide to ask for Essjay 's resignation . ''


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Question: Students at Cornell stated that they may continue to use Wikipedia as a quick source of information , though they would not cite it in scholarly work .

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Example:
Provided: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Ã vaillÃ is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France .']" Match: "["represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!\n\nFor instance you may be given 'Magma canceled their proposed purchase , leaving Super Aguri 's future in doubt .' and it should match with 'However , Magma pulled out of their proposed takeover leaving Super Aguri 's future in doubt again .' but not with 'This was influential in the creation of Super Aguri 's F1 project and the engine supply from Honda .'.", 'It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France .']"

Students at Cornell indicated that they may continue to use Wikipedia as a quick source of information , though they would not cite it in scholarly work .

The great majority of articles are written primarily or solely by individuals who are not subject matter experts , and may lack academic or professional credentials in the area .


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Question: Sanger also made note that Jordan 's dismissal was the result of public response . That `` Only after these sad facts were publicly made aware , only after there was a response , did Jimmy Wales decide to ask for Essjayâ s to quit . ''

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Sanger also implied that Jordan 's firing was purely the result of public outcry , and that `` Only after these sad facts were publicly exposed , only after there was a hue and cry , did Jimmy Wales decide to ask for Essjay 's resignation . ''

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However , he also warned that `` It 's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials , and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate . ''


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Question: Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales supported Essjay 's use of an identity , saying , `` I regard it as a pseudonym and I donâ t really have a problem with it . ''

Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales initially supported Essjay 's use of a persona , saying , `` I regard it as a pseudonym and I do n't really have a problem with it . ''

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Larry Sanger , founding editor-in-chief of online encyclopedia Citizendium , and a co-founder of Wikipedia who left the project in 2002 , called Essjay 's response `` a defiant non-apology '' and elsewhere characterized Essjay 's actions as `` identity fraud . ''


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Question: Wales was '' ... reported to be considering vet all persons who adjudicate on factual disputes . ''

Wales was '' ... reported to be considering vetting all persons who adjudicate on factual disputes . ''

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On the other hand , `` undeserving '' and stigmatized groups ( Jews , war prisoners ) were denied access to tobacco .


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Question: The article said that Essjay was on Wikipedia some 14 hours or more a day . The article also said he was careful to keep his online life a secret from his co-workers and friends .

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The article said that Essjay spent some 14 hours or more a day on Wikipedia but was careful to keep his online life a secret from his colleagues and friends .

Admitting some of the statements were indeed humorous , he said he tries not to take any of them seriously , and he hopes that such statements will interest people in real facts about him contained in his literary works .


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Question: He later said on his Wikipedia user page about having fooled Schiff by `` doing a good job playing the part . ''

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning
Fewshot example: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Lafontaine rose to prominence locally as mayor of SaarbrÃ 1\\/4 cken and became more widely known as a critic of chancellor Helmut Schmidt 's support for the NATO plan to deploy Pershing II missiles in Germany ."]" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', "Lafontaine 's political career began locally as mayor of SaarbrÃ 1\\/4 cken . He became widely known as a critic of chancellor Helmut Schmidt 's support for the NATO plan to put Pershing II missiles in Germany ."]"

He later commented on his Wikipedia user page about having fooled Schiff by , '' ... doing a good job playing the part . ''

In the answer to their last question , he called the Chuck Norris Facts `` weird but wildly popular sayings '' and quoted one : `` Chuck Norris can divide by zero . ''


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Question: `` We always prefer to give a positive incentive rather than absolute prohibition , so that people can contribute without a lot of hassle '' , Wales commented .

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`` We always prefer to give a positive incentive rather than absolute prohibition , so that people can contribute without a lot of hassle , '' Wales commented .

Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.

`` It is wrong to focus too much on the testimonial value of his photos .


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Question: Later Wales changed his opinion and asked for Essjay to quit from his jobs with Wikipedia and Wikia .

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Later , Wales withdrew his support and asked for Essjay 's resignation from his positions with Wikipedia and Wikia .

Jordan , as Essjay , claimed he sent an email to a college professor using his invented persona 's credentials , vouching for Wikipedia 's accuracy .


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Question: He said that he needed anonymity to avoid cyberstalking .

He asserted that he required anonymity to avoid cyberstalking .

Robinson received a two-year suspended sentence , but the incident â `` along with other rumored run-ins between Robinson and police â `` gave Robinson a reputation for combativeness in the face of racial antagonism .


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Question: However , he also warned that â It 's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials , and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate .

However , he also warned that `` It 's always inappropriate to try to win an argument by flashing your credentials , and even more so if those credentials are inaccurate . ''


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Question: Many articles and comments were made electronic , print , and broadcast media ; the Wikipedia community checked Essjay 's article changes to check for errors and debated proposals to improve the project 's handling of personal identification .

Reactions to the disclosure were diverse , encompassing commentary and articles in the electronic , print , and broadcast media ; the Wikipedia community researched Essjay 's article edits to check for errors and debated proposals to improve the project 's handling of personal identification .

Whenever you add possibly controversial statements about a living person to an article or any other Wikipedia page , you must include proper sources .


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Question: Reaction from inside the Wikipedia community to the Essjay\/Jordan identity difference was pointed .

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E.g.:
['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'The exact number of CCTV cameras in the U.K. is not known for certain because there is no requirement to register CCTV cameras .'] == ['', 'Nowadays schools tend to get bigger , thus CCTV cameras enable teachers and security staff to see and then control what is happening in live . In our opinion , like Britain , we believe that our school should also install CCTV cameras .']

Reaction from within the Wikipedia community to the Essjay\/Jordan identity discrepancy was sharp , voluminous , and mixed .

Andrew Orlowski , a frequent Wikipedia critic and writer for The Registerâ '' a British technology news and opinion websiteâ '' criticized Jimmy Wales for hiring Essjay at the venture-capital-funded `` Wikia '' and for appointing him to the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee after Essjay had apparently admitted his previously claimed academic and professional credentials were false .


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Question: The monarchs of the British House of Hanover are as follows .

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See List of members of the House of Hanover .

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Members of the British Royal Family are normally admitted through this procedure ; the first to be so admitted was Prince Albert .


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Question: These people lived in the central plains of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu people from the north sometime during the last millennium .

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These people lived in the central plains of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu people from the north during the middle of last millennium .

Carbon dating of rock art found in caves in the Drakensberg suggests that the first known inhabitants of the Durban area arrived from the north around 100,000 BC .


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Question: It is thought that the first known inhabitants of the Durban area arrived from the north around 100,000 BC , according to carbon dating of rock art found in caves in the Drakensberg .

Carbon dating of rock art found in caves in the Drakensberg suggests that the first known inhabitants of the Durban area arrived from the north around 100,000 BC .

Near Carinda between the Macquarie River and Marra Creek the oldest evidence of bread making in the world ( approximately 30,000 years old ) was found at an ancient lake known as Cuddie Springs .


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Question: Ford S-Max is a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 2006 to the present day .

The Ford S-Max ( written Ford S-MAX ) is an MPV\/saloon produced by the Ford Motor Company for the European market and by Chang ` an Ford Automobile Co. , Ltd for the Chinese ( Mainland ) market . Introduced at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show , the S-Max went on sale alongside the new generation Galaxy in June 2006 .

The Fiat Croma is a nameplate used for two automobiles produced by Italian automaker Fiat , one built from 1985 to 1996 and the other since 2005 .


Question: Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life .

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Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web .

Climate also affects which organisms are present , affecting the soil chemically and physically ( movement of roots ) .


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Question: Manure from hogs and cattle is spread on fields using a Manure spreader .

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Manure from pigs and cattle is usually spread on fields using a manure spreader .

Many large snowmaking operations ( like ski resorts ) use this type of compressor .


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Question: Manures improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients , such as nitrogen that is trapped by bacteria in the soil .

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Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients , such as nitrogen , that are trapped by bacteria in the soil .

Crop rotation avoids a decrease in soil fertility , as growing the same crop in the same place for many years in a row disproportionately depletes the soil of certain nutrients . With rotation , a crop that leaches the soil of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that returns that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients , for example , rice followed by cotton .


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Question: Due to the relatively lower level of proteins in grasses , which herbivores eat , cattle manure has a milder smell than the dung of carnivores -- for example , elephant dung is practically odorless .

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Due to the relatively lower level of proteins in vegetable matter , herbivore manure has a milder smell than the dung of carnivores or omnivores -- for example , elephant dung is practically odorless .

Because of the indigestible components of plants such as raw cellulose and starch , certain parts of the plant such as stems , mature leaves , enlarged roots , and tubers would not have been part of the hominid diet prior to the advent of fire .


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Question: Manure is organic matter used as fertilizer in agriculture .

Manure is organic matter used as organic fertilizer in agriculture .

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Question: The term `` manure '' was used for inorganic fertilizers in the past , but this usage is now very rare .

In the past the term `` manure '' included inorganic fertilizers , but this usage is now very rare .

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In America , topography has recently become an additional synonym , though in many parts of the world it retains its original more general meaning of description of place .


Question: Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them under . In so doing , fertility is increased through the nutrients and organic matter that are returned to the soil .

Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them in , thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil .

The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth , providing anchorage for the above-ground biomass and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil .


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Question: Elijah Burke ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is a American professional wrestler .

Elijah Samuel Burke ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is an American professional wrestler , currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the name of `` The Pope '' D'Angelo Dinero ; a gimmick in which he portrays a Harlem street preacher .

Michael Shawn Hettinga ( born July 17 , 1978 ) is an American professional wrestler .


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Question: He is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment on its ECW brand .

He is also known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment , on its SmackDown and ECW brands .

Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder ( formerly known as the Major Brothers ) were an American professional wrestling tag team signed to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where Hawkins currently wrestles on its SmackDown brand as well as its developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling , while Ryder currently wrestles on its Raw brand .


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Question: Masur was born in Brieg , which was then part of Germany but is now called Brzeg and lives in Poland . He studied piano , composition and conducting in Leipzig .

Masur was born in Brieg , Lower Silesia , Germany ( now Brzeg in Poland ) and studied piano , composition and conducting in Leipzig , Saxony .

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Born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany , she lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam , in the Netherlands .


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Question: In April 2002 , Masur became music director of the Orchestre National de France .

In April 2002 , Masur became music director of the Orchestre National de France , and served in this post until 2008 , when he took the title of honorary music director of the ONF .

His first major debuts were at the Salzburg Festival in 1985 , followed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1986 and the Orchester Musikkollegium Winterthur in 1988 . Other guest conductor appearances comprised the first five years of his career : his American debut with the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra in 1989 , performances with the orchestras of Atlanta , Boston , New York , Chicago , plus frequent returns to the London Philharmonic .


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Question: From 2000 to 2007 Masur was principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra , .

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In 2000 , Masur became principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra ( LPO ) , and held this position until 2007 .

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Haitink became second conductor of the Netherlands Radio Union Orchestra in 1955 .


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Question: He now lives with his third wife , Tomoko . They have a son , Ken , who has also become a conductor .

He and his third wife , Tomoko , have a son , Ken , a classical singer and conductor .

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The couple have two children : a daughter ( Sabrina ) and a son , Axel , who also became a professional cyclist .


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Question: On his 80th birthday , 18 July 2007 , Masur conducted musicians from both these orchestras at a Proms concert in London , conducting music by Tchaikovsky and Bruckner .

On his 80th birthday , 18 July 2007 , Masur conducted musicians from both orchestras at a Proms concert in London .

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Walter led the first performance of Das Lied in 1911 in Munich and of the Ninth in 1912 in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic . Decades later , Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic ( with Mahler 's brother-in-law Arnold Rose still the concertmaster ) made the first recordings of Das Lied von der Erde in 1936 and of the Ninth Symphony in 1938 .


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Question: His first wife , with whom he had a daughter , died in 1972 in a car accident where Masur himself was badly injured .

His second wife , with whom he had a daughter , died in 1972 in a car accident in which Masur was severely injured .

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Their mother , Marie JosÃ phe , who had never recovered from the loss of her husband , died in March 1767 from tuberculosis .


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Question: From 1970 â `` 1996 he was the Kapellmeister ( musical director ) of the famous Gewandhausorchester Leipzig .

In 1970 , he became Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig , serving in that post until 1996 .

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The company that first sponsored the opera was the Nationalsingspiel ( `` national Singspiel '' ) , a pet project ( 1778 â `` 1783 ) of the Austrian emperor Joseph II .


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Question: Kurt Masur ( b. July 18 , 1927 ) is a German conductor .

Kurt Masur ( born 18 July 1927 ) is a German conductor , particularly noted for his interpretation of German Romantic music .

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Sir Roger Arthur Carver Norrington , CBE ( born 16 March 1934 ) is a British conductor .


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Question: His first important conducting job was with the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra with whom he worked from 1955 â `` 1958 and again from 1967 to 1972 .

Masur conducted the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra for three years ending in 1958 and again from 1967 to 1972 .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Garcilaso de la Vega ( c. 1501 â `` October 14 , 1536 ) was a Spanish soldier and poet .']" Match: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'Garcilaso de la Vega ( Toledo , c. 1501 â `` Le Muy , Nice , France , October 14 , 1536 ) , was a Spanish soldier and poet .']"

When Hooper fell into financial difficulties , the Britannica was managed by Sears Roebuck for 18 years ( 1920 â `` 23 , 1928 â `` 43 ) .


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Question: Paul Arnold Clarke is known as Dougal ( or DJ Dougal ) . He is a British Happy Hardcore DJ and musician .

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DJ Dougal ( real name Paul Arnold Clarke , Born 1975 ) is a British UK Hardcore and happy hardcore artist and DJ .

Gammer ( real name Matt Lee ) is a UK hardcore and Hard Dance producer and DJ .


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Question: He created a record label with Hixxy called Essential Platinum .

Several years ago , he â `` along with Hixxy â `` created the successful label Essential Platinum , which has had many releases .

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He has also been a second touring guitarist for The Loved Ones and was second guitarist on the instrumental band The Mag Seven 's album The Future Is Ours , If You Can Count .


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Question: Dougal has worked with many other Happy Hardcore DJs including Hixxy and Gammer .

He has worked alongside many other hardcore artists including DNA , Gammer and Hixxy , though in recent years , most of his work has been with Gammer .

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Marshall joined the Bristol music scene as a member of the sound system The Wild Bunch in the 1980s , which included two other Massive Attack members , Robert del Naja and Andrew Vowles .


Question:
represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.

E.g. "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Students learn to play musical instrument , but also study music theory , musicology , history of music and musical composition .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'Students learn to play a musical instrument , but also study music theory , musicology , history of music and musical composition .']" != "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Less classically , stand-up comedy , oratory , debate , etc. , are also performing arts ; and the term also includes all of the various forms , subforms , elements , and variations of the foregoing , such as oral interpretation , marching band , and so on .']"

Question: Rosales is an order of flowering plants . It includes nine families .

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Examples:
Provided: "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Lagasse 's new show , called Emeril 's Fresh Food Fast , will show viewers how fresh food can be prepared in a minimal amount of time without sacrificing taste ."]" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Lagasse 's new show , called Emeril 's Fresh Food Fast , will show viewers how fresh food can be prepared in a several amount of time without the authentic taste ."]"

Rosales is an order of flowering plants , including nine families , the type family being the rose family Rosaceae .

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About 4,400 species of 10 families are known . Historically , many fewer families were recognized , as most species were included in the family Aphididae .


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Question: Some well-known members of Rosales include : roses ; strawberries , blackberries and raspberries ; apples and pears ; plums , peaches and apricots ; almonds ; rowan and hawthorn ; elms ; figs ; nettles ; and hops and cannabis .

In the APG classification , well-known members of Rosales include : roses ; strawberries , blackberries and raspberries ; apples and pears ; plums , peaches and apricots ; almonds ; rowan and hawthorn ; elms ; figs ; nettles ; and hops and cannabis .

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Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs , which includes the plums , cherries , peaches , apricots and almonds .


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Question: The Regensburg Cathedral is dedicated to St. Peter .

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The Regensburg Cathedral , dedicated to St Peter , is the most important church and landmark of the city Regensburg , Germany .

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It is named in honor of two military saints , St. Michael and St. George .


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Question: The church is a very good example of Gothic architecture in southern Germany .

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The church is the prime example of Gothic architecture in southern Germany .

Later it became a cloth mill demonstrating the change of industrial development in the city . Currently it is used as an apartment building .


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Question: It is the most important church and landmark of the city of Regensburg , and the cathedral of the Catholic Diocese of Regensburg .

The Regensburg Cathedral is the bishop 's church and the principal church of the Regensburg diocese .

Leipzig , the economic center of Saxony , as well as the seat of the only university in Saxony , was located in Albertine Saxony .


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Question: Gretzenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .

Gretzenbach is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .

Kappel is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .


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Question: With the support of mostly Irish immigrants , it grew as a political machine . The support helped win the election for the first Tammany mayor , Fernando Wood , in 1854 .

Tammany Hall , a Democratic Party political machine , began to grow in influence with the support of many of the immigrant Irish , culminating in the election of the first Tammany mayor , Fernando Wood , in 1854 .

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As a New Dealer , he supported President Franklin D. Roosevelt , a Democrat , and in turn Roosevelt heavily funded the city and cut off patronage from LaGuardia 's foes .


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Question: While the British ruled , Manhattan was greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York in 1776 .

Manhattan was greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the British military rule that followed .

Cholera hit the city in 1835 , and fire destroyed large parts of Nicosia in 1857 .


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Question: In 1524 , Lenape people in canoes met Giovanni da Verrazzano , the first European explorer to pass New York Harbor , although he may not have entered the harbor past the Narrows .

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In 1524 , some Lenape in canoes met the Florentine Giovanni da Verrazzano , the first European explorer to pass New York Harbor , although he may not have entered the harbor past the Narrows .

During that time , Juan Ponce de LeÃ n , who discovered Florida , Vasco NÃ Ã ez de Balboa , who discovered the Pacific Ocean ( he called it the `` South Sea '' below Panama ) , and Ferdinand Magellan , who first sailed that ocean to the Orient , profoundly influenced de Soto 's ambitions .


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Question: Manhattan was the center of a series of large battles in the early American Revolutionary War .

Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign , a series of major battles in the early American Revolutionary War .

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The Confederacy dissolved after the defeat of the British and allied Iroquois nations in the American Revolutionary War .


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Question: In 1647 , Peter Stuyvesant became the last Dutch Director General of the colony .

In 1647 , Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony .

Its name is in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer , the original Dutch owner of the land in the area .


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Question: In 1765 , all of the colonies worked together for the first time unified political aim when the Stamp Act Congress ( meeting ) of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies was held in New York City to write The Declaration of Rights and Grievances .

At prelude to organized colonial opposition to British rule , the Stamp Act Congress of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies was held in New York City in 1765 . The Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances , the first document by a representative body of multiple colonies to assert the concept popularly known as `` no taxation without representation '' .

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Second to the delegates of Massachusetts , Hewes was a pioneer of independence who influenced his state to be more rebellious during the years leading up to the revolution .


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Question: In 1625 , the Dutch chose Manhattan Island to build Fort Amsterdam , a citadel for the protection of the new arrivals .

Manhattan Island was chosen as the site of Fort Amsterdam , a citadel for the protection of the new arrivals ; its 1625 establishment is recognized as the birth date of New York City .

In less than a year , he captured Fort Provintia and besieged Fort Zeelandia ; with no external help coming , Frederick Coyett , the Dutch governor negotiated a treaty , where the Dutch surrendered the fortress and left all the goods and property of the Dutch East India Company behind .


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Question: In 1664 , the British conquered New Netherland and renamed it `` New York '' after the English King James II , then known as Duke of York and Albany .

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In 1664 , the British conquered New Netherland and renamed it `` New York '' after the English Duke of York and Albany , the future King James II .

James II was created `` Duke of Normandy '' by King Louis XIV of France , 31 December 1660 . This was a few months after the restoration of his brother Charles II to the English and Irish thrones ( Charles II had been crowned King of Scotland in 1651 ) , and probably was done as a political gesture of support for James - since his brother also would have claimed the title `` Duke of Normandy '' .


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Question: The installation of the Subway helped tie the new city together , as did new bridges to Brooklyn .

The construction of the New York City Subway , which opened in 1904 , helped bind the new city together , as did additional bridges to Brooklyn .

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A few are named for major landmarks , such as shopping centres or transportation hubs , served by the station .


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Question: Murder rates were 537 in 2008 compared to 2,245 in 1990 . The crack epidemic and its associated drug-related violence had died down , and was under great control by the city .

Starting in the 1990s , crime rates dropped drastically , with murder rates that had reached 2,245 in 1990 plummeting to 537 by 2008 , and the crack epidemic and its associated drug-related violence under greater control .

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Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950 , the state saw its only historical decline in population , dropping 6.9 percent .


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Question: In the 1620s , the first large European colony began in New Netherland , when the Dutch began trading fur on Governors Island .

A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island .

Because of the sheltered harbor , many of these new arrivals decided to settle in the immediate area .


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Question: The Sons of Liberty , a Boston based group , were part of a long-term battle with British authorities over liberty poles that were sometimes raised by the Sons of Liberty and cut down by the British .

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The Sons of Liberty developed on Manhattan in the days following the Stamp Act protests . The organization participated in a long-term confrontation with British authorities over liberty poles that were alternately raised by the Sons of Liberty and cut down by British authorities .

Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but , like many merchants , continued to trade as if the Stamp Act did not exist , in effect becoming a smuggler in defiance of the act .


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Question: Central Park , which opened to the public in 1858 , became the first landscaped park in any American city and the country 's first public park .

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Central Park , which opened to the public in 1858 , became the first landscaped park in an American city and the nation 's first public park .

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Stuyvesant Townâ '' Peter Cooper Village is a large private residential development on the East Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City , and one of the most iconic and successful post-World War II private housing communities .


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Question: On 30 October 1975 , the New York Daily News reported the event with the headline as `` Ford to City : Drop Dead '' .

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In 1975 , the city government faced imminent bankruptcy , and its appeals for assistance were initially rejected , summarized by the classic October 30 , 1975 New York Daily News headline as `` Ford to City : Drop Dead '' .

Hull is also known as `` The Golden Brett , '' which is a play off of his father 's nickname , `` The Golden Jet . ''


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Question: Between World War I and World War II , reformist Fiorello La Guardia was elected as the new mayor in 1933 and took office in 1934 , marking the fall of Tammany Hall after 80 years of dominating politics in New York City .

The period between the World Wars saw the election of reformist mayor Fiorello La Guardia and the fall of Tammany Hall after 80 years of political dominance .

Frye spent most of his political career as a legislator , serving in the Maine House of Representatives and U.S. House of Representatives before being elected to the U.S. Senate , where he served for 30 years and died in office .


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Question: The disputes ended when the revolutionary New York Provincial Congress took power in 1775 .

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The skirmishes ended when the revolutionary New York Provincial Congress took power in 1775 .

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He served as the Chief Justice and Governor of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and was a Delegate to the Colonial Congress in Albany in 1754 and to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776 .


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Question: Despite the Great Depression , some of the world 's tallest skyscrapers of the time were built in Manhattan during the 1930s , including many Art Deco masterpieces that are still part of the city 's skyline today . The most well-known structures are Empire State Building , the Chrysler Building , and the GE Building .

Despite the Great Depression , some of the world 's tallest skyscrapers were completed in Manhattan during the 1930s , including numerous Art Deco masterpieces that are still part of the city 's skyline today , most notably the Empire State Building , the Chrysler Building , and the GE Building .

It was designed by Skidmore , Owings & Merrill LLP , and at 725 ft ( 221 m ) tall , with 63 floors , it is Chicago 's tallest mid-block building .


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Question: Gay Men 's Health Crisis ( GMHC ) and AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power ( ACT UP ) were organizations that were started because of the crisis . Their purpose was to advocate on behalf of those AIDs victims .

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Gay Men 's Health Crisis ( GMHC ) and AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power ( ACT UP ) were founded to advocate on behalf of those stricken with the disease .

PFAW has been active in recent years in battles over judicial nominations and on issues including school class size , and actively support such proposals as the separation of church and state , civil rights , voting rights for Washington , DC in the U.S. Congress and equal rights for lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgendered ( LGBT ) people and promotion of civic participation .


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Question: Once the city 's demographics were steadier , labor unionization provided protection and affluence to the working class .

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the next text', "Animal Crossing : City Folk , known in Europe and Australia as Animal Crossing : Let 's Go to the City , is a life simulation video game released in 2008 for the Wii video game console ."]" == "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Animal Crossing : City Folk is a life simulation video game made by Nintendo for the Wii game console .']"

As the city 's demographics stabilized , labor unionization brought new protections and affluence to the working class , the city 's government and infrastructure underwent a dramatic overhaul under La Guardia .

Firestone 's management rejects these allegations citing that the corporation has provided employment and pensions to thousands of Liberians as well as health care .


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Question: The city received a federal loan and debt restructuring .

The fate was avoided through a federal loan and debt restructuring , and the city was forced to accept increased financial scrutiny by New York State .

Staff from the World Bank monitored the use of the funds , ensuring that the French government would present a balanced budget and give priority of debt repayment to the World Bank over other governments .


Question: It would later be called New Amsterdam ( Dutch : Nieuw Amsterdam ) .

In 1625 construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island , later called New Amsterdam ( Nieuw Amsterdam ) .

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Its name is derived from the nickname for New York , the Empire State .


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Question: The Continental Army , the army that had fought in favor of the thirteen colonies led by George Washington , had to leave Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on 16 November 1776 .

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The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the disastrous Battle of Fort Washington on November 16 , 1776 .

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Renamed and sold into private hands in 1775 , she briefly returned to naval service as a troop transport during the American Revolutionary War and was scuttled in a blockade of Narragansett Bay , Rhode Island in 1778 .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!

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Examples:

Given ['', 'Otherwise , it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .'] it matches with ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Otherwise , it can be scooped directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .'] but not with ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'Finally , the handle of a mug keeps the hand away from the hot sides of a mug .']

Question: New York City became the most populous city ( city with the most people ) in the world in 1925 , overtaking London , which had held the title for a century .

New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1925 , overtaking London , which had reigned for a century .

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Henan is China 's second most populous province with a population of over 94 million . If it were a country by itself , Henan would be the 12th most populous country in the world , behind Mexico and ahead of the Philippines .


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Question: During this time , Manhattan was also at the heart of the AIDS crisis , with Greenwich Village being a major center of the epidemic .

The 1980s also saw Manhattan at the heart of the AIDS crisis , with Greenwich Village at its epicenter .

Milk moved from New York City to settle in San Francisco in 1972 amid a migration of gay men to the Castro District .


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Question: Stuyvesant and his council made a deal with the British where New Netherlanders were promised liberties , including freedom of religion , under British rule .

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Stuyvesant and his council negotiated with the British to produce 24 articles of provisional transfer that sought to guarantee New Netherlanders liberties , including freedom of religion , under British rule .

He also gave a list of grievances of the English people and stated that his proposed expedition was for the sole purpose of having `` a free and lawful Parliament assembled '' .


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Question: New Amsterdam was considered an official city on 3 February 1653 .

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New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2 , 1653 .

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Grandview was officially incorporated on September 21 , 1909 .


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Question: In the 1980s , Wall Street was revived from its slump , and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the worldwide financial industry .

The 1980s saw a rebirth of Wall Street , and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the worldwide financial industry .

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In the 1970s and 1980s , there was a phase of consolidation in the record industry that led to almost all major labels being owned by a very few multinational companies .


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Question: In the 1920s , many African-Americans came to live in Manhattan during the Great Migration from the American South , and the Harlem Renaissance .

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In the 1920s , Manhattan experienced large arrivals of African-Americans as part of the Great Migration from the American South , and the Harlem Renaissance , part of a larger boom time in the Prohibition era that included new skyscrapers competing for the skyline .

Through the 1940s , Deerfield remained a largely agricultural based community , but during the decade the town 's name was changed to Deerfield Beach .


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Question: Before colonization , the Lenape Indians lived in the area that is now known today as Manhattan .

The area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Indians .

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Before the founding of Russellville , there was a small town located on the Arkansas River directly south of what is now Russellville .