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Question: At their peak , the Gavialoidea were numerous and diverse , they occupied much of Asia and America up until the Pliocene .

At their peak , the Gavialoidea were numerous and diverse ; they occupied much of Asia and America up until the Pliocene .

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Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammal related to elephants , sirenians , hyraxes and the extinct desmostylians , as well as to other extinct embrithopods . These species were rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the late Eocene and the early Oligocene of northern Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago , in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps ; a newly discovered species , Arsinoitherium giganteum , lived in Ethiopia ~ 27 million years ago .


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Question: Gharials have a strong crest on the outer edge of the forearm , leg and foot .

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Gharials have a strong crest on the outer edge of the forearm , leg , and foot .

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The two species of lizard within the genus Iguana possess a dewlap , a row of spines running down their back to their tail , and a third `` eye '' on their head .


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Question: Janke et al . ( 2005 ) , using molecular genetic evidence , found the gharial and the false gharial ( Tomistoma ) to be close relatives , and placed them together in the same family .

According to molecular genetic studies the gharial and the false gharial ( Tomistoma ) are close relatives , which would support to place them in the same family .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

For example, '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.\nExamples:\nProvided: "Binge drinking is considered harmful , regardless of a person \'s age , and there have been calls for healthcare professionals to give increased attention to their patients drinking habits , especially binge drinking ." Match: "Even though binge drinking is often done in groups , it is different from social drinking . Binge drinking has been in the news because people who are not yet old enough to drink alcohol sometimes go to events where binge drinking happens ."', 'They emerged , along with a Time Lord prison vessel containing millions of Daleks , at Canary Wharf due to the actions of the Torchwood Institute and Cybermen from a parallel world .']' should be close to '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'They emerged , along with a Time Lord prison containing millions of Daleks , at Canary Wharf due to the actions of the Torchwood Institute and Cybermen from a parallel world , leading to a Cyberman-Dalek clash in London .']'

Both American and Asiatic species are considered sister taxa , and are more closely related to each other than other species of bear .


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Question: Some hope lies with the conservation and management programs in place as of 2004 .

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Some hope lies with the conservation and management programs in place since 2004 .

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There have been only two such avian failures since listing of endangered species began in 1973 .


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Question: Now there are 9 protected areas for this species in India which are linked to both captive breeding and ` ranching ' operations where eggs collected from the wild are raised in captivity ( to reduce mortality due to natural predators ) and then released back into the wild ( the first being released in 1981 ) .

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Now there are 9 protected areas for this species in India , which are linked to both captive breeding and ` ranching ' operations , where eggs collected from the wild are raised in captivity to reduce mortality due to natural predators . Since 1981 , more than 3000 young gharial have been released into the wild .

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However , it may be difficult to reintroduce EW species into the wild , even if their natural habitats were restored , because survival techniques , which are normally passed from parents to offspring during parenting , may be lost .


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Question: The myth that gharials eat humans may come partly from their similar appearance to Crocodiles and because jewelry has been found in their stomachs .

The myth that gharials eat humans may come partly from their similar appearance to Crocodiles and also since jewelry has been found in their stomachs .

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These particular animals , such as the American Crocodile and Asian brown tortoise , have evolutionary links to the age of the dinosaurs .


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Question: More than 3000 animals have been released through these programs , and the wild population in India is estimated at around 1500 animals - with perhaps between one and two hundred animals in the remainder of its range .

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The wild population in India is estimated at around 1500 animals â '' with perhaps between one and two hundred animals in the remainder of its range .

Regardless , in modern times the clearance has accelerated , and the trees are now considered to be highly endangered , with some believing that as little as 10 % of the original woodland remains .


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Question: The Gharial is not a man-eater .

The gharial is not a man-eater and is sensitive towards humans .

Even Carnivora like the meerkat and Marsupials are burrowers .


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Question: Gharials have an outer row of soft , smooth or feebly-keeled scutes in addition to the bony dorsal scutes .

Gharials have an outer row of soft , smooth , or feebly-keeled scutes in addition to the bony dorsal scutes .

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Advanced features that ties it in with the reptilian rather than amphibian group is unfused ankle bones , lack of labyrinthodont infolding of the dentin , a lack of an otic notch and a generally small skull .


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Question: However , the gharial may have swallowed this jewelry while scavenging corpses or because gastroliths used to aid digestion or buoyancy management .

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However , the gharial may have swallowed this jewelry while scavenging corpses or as gastroliths used to aid digestion or buoyancy management .

The cooking of meat , as evident from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat and easier to attain the nutrition from proteins by making the meat itself easier to digest .


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Question: This is a list of Nick Jr. 's original series , Team Umizoomi episodes .

This is a list of the Nick Jr. original series , Team Umizoomi episodes .

Animation , and Cartoon Network Studios continued the projects for Cartoon Network output .


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Question: These futures contracts trade in units of 42,000 gallons , which is the same as 1,000 barrels . Prices are based on delivery in New York City harbor , the main cash market trading center .

The heating oil futures contract trades in units of 42,000 U.S. gallons ( 1,000 barrels ) and ( for the USA ) is based on delivery in the New York harbor .

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The exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the United States dollar has also been linked since 1983 at HK$ 7.8 \/ USD , and pataca of Macau , pegged to Hong Kong dollar at MOP1 .03 \/ HKD , indirectly linked to the U.S. dollar at roughly MOP8\/USD . Several oil-producing Arab countries on the Persian Gulf , including Saudi Arabia , peg their currencies to the dollar , since the dollar is the currency used in the international oil trade .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.
E.g. "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In scientific notation , it is written as 1 Ã -- 106 or just 106 .']" == "['Represent the next text', 'In scientific notation , it is written as or just 106 .']" != "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'The bulk composition and mass of Metis are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea ( ~ 0.86 g\\/cm Â ) , its mass can be estimated as ~ 3.6 Ã -- 1016 kg .']"

Question: Engelbert Humperdinck ( 1 September 1854 â `` 27 September 1921 ) was a German composer .

Engelbert Humperdinck ( 1 September 1854 â `` 27 September 1921 ) was a German composer , best known for his opera , HÃ nsel und Gretel .

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Fritz Laband ( 1 November 1925 â `` 3 January 1982 ) was a German footballer .


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The provided query could be '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'Ryuji Kawai ( born 14 July 1978 ) is a Japanese football player .']' and the positive '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Ryuji Kawai ( , born July 14 , 1978 in Saitama , Japan ) is a is a Japanese football player who currently plays for the J-league team Consadole Sapporo .']' and the negative '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Marlon de Souza Lopes ( born September 5 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian football player .']'

Question: St. John 's is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda , an island nation in the Lesser Antilles . St. John 's is located on the island of Antigua .

St John 's is the capital and largest city of Antigua and Barbuda , a country located in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea .

Basseterre , estimated population 15,500 in 2000 , is the capital of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the West Indies .


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Question: St. John 's is located on the island of Antigua .

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St. John 's Antigua Light is a lighthouse located in the city 's harbor .

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The President 's Lodge of Queens ' is the oldest building on the river at Cambridge ( ca .


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Question: Toscanini started conducting outside Europe : at the Metropolitan Opera in New York ( 1908 â `` 1915 ) as well as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra ( 1926 â `` 1936 ) .

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Outside of Europe , he conducted at the Metropolitan Opera in New York ( 1908 â `` 1915 ) as well as the New York Philharmonic Orchestra ( 1926 â `` 1936 ) .

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In London , Walter was chief conductor of the German seasons at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1931 .


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Question: In 1896 he conducted his first symphonic concert ( works by Schubert , Brahms , Tchaikovsky , and Wagner ) , in Turin .

In 1896 , Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert ( in Turin , with works by Schubert , Brahms , Tchaikovsky , and Wagner ) .

Following his wish , his own Funeral March in Memory of Rikard Nordraak was played in an orchestration by his friend Johan Halvorsen , who had married Grieg 's niece . In addition , the Funeral March movement from Chopin 's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played .


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Question: By 1898 he was conductor at La Scala , Milan and he stayed there until 1908 , but returned during the 1920s .

By 1898 he was principal conductor at La Scala , where he remained until 1908 , returning as Music Director , 1921-1929 .

However , he stayed there only for a year ( Palestrina would assume this post a year later , in 1555 ) .


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Question: At first Stokowski wanted to conduct it but then he agreed that Toscanini would .

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Stokowski had previously given the US premieres of Shostakovich 's 1st , 3rd and 6th Symphonies in Philadelphia , and in December 1941 urged NBC to obtain the score of the 7th as he wanted to conduct its premiere as well . But Toscanini coveted this for himself and there were a number of remarkable letters between the two conductors ( reproduced by Harvey Sachs in his biography ) before Stokowski agreed to let Toscanini have the privilege of conducting the first performance .

Eventually Monroe refused to speak to Preminger , and Mitchum had to mediate .


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Question: Many years after his death , in 1987 , Toscanini was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .

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Toscanini was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987 .

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On 8 December 2008 , he earned another such accolade when he was given the Freedom of the City of Durham .


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Question: He also conducted broadcast performances of Copland 's El Salon Mexico and Gershwin 's Rhapsody in Blue with soloists Earl Wild and Benny Goodman and Concerto in F with pianist Oscar Levant , as well as music by other American composers , including two marches of John Philip Sousa .

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He also conducted broadcast performances of Copland 's El Salon Mexico ; Gershwin 's Rhapsody in Blue with soloists Earl Wild and Benny Goodman and Piano Concerto in F with pianist Oscar Levant ; and music by other American composers , including marches of John Philip Sousa .

In an 1999 interview with Strings Magazine , Hahn cited people influential on her development as a musician and a student , including David Zinman , the conductor of the Baltimore Symphony and Hahn 's mentor since she was ten , Lorin Maazel , with whom she worked in Europe with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra .


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Question: This was the NBC Symphony Orchestra , created for him in 1937 .

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Fleeing Italy , he returned to the United States where the NBC Symphony Orchestra was created for him in 1937 .

Haitink became sole chief conductor in 1963 , and served in this post until 1988 .


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Question: Toscanini was often criticized for not performing much American music and contemporary music ( music by living composers ) . However , in 1938 , he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by Samuel Barber , Adagio for Strings and Essay for Orchestra ( Barber ) Essay for Orchestra .

Toscanini was often criticized for neglecting American music ; however , on November 5 , 1938 , he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by Samuel Barber , Adagio for Strings and Essay for Orchestra .

On December 11 , 2008 , Carter celebrated his 100th birthday at Carnegie Hall in New York , where the Boston Symphony Orchestra and pianist Daniel Barenboim played his Interventions for Piano and Orchestra from 2008 .


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Question: In the 1930s he conducted at the Salzburg Festival ( 1934 â `` 1937 ) and the first concert in 1936 of the newly formed Palestine Symphony Orchestra ( now the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra ) in Tel Aviv , and later performed with them in Jerusalem , Haifa , Cairo and Alexandria .

In the 1930s he conducted at the Salzburg Festival ( 1934 â `` 1937 ) and at the inaugural concert in 1936 of the Palestine Orchestra ( later renamed the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra ) in Tel Aviv , and later performed with them in Jerusalem , Haifa , Cairo and Alexandria .

The orchestra was renamed `` Theodore Thomas Orchestra '' in 1905 and today , Orchestra Hall still has `` Theodore Thomas Orchestra Hall '' inscribed in its faÃ ade . In 1905 , Frederick Stock became music director , a post he held until his death in 1942 .


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Question: In July 1942 Toscanini conducted the American premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony no 7 .

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One of the more remarkable broadcasts was in July 1942 , when Toscanini conducted the American premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony No. 7 .

Other world premieres given at the house included Mussorgsky 's opera Boris Godunov in 1874 , Tchaikovsky 's operas The Queen of Spades in 1890 and Iolanta in 1892 , the revised version of Prokofiev 's ballet Romeo and Juliet in 1940 , and Khachaturian 's ballet Spartacus in 1956 . Other notable productions included Rimsky-Korsakov 's opera The Golden Cockerel in 1909 and Prokofiev 's ballet Cinderella in 1946 ( with Natalya Dudinskaya ) .


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Question: He toured Europe with the New York Philharmonic in 1930 and always had great success .

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He toured Europe with the New York Philharmonic in 1930 ; he and the musicians were acclaimed by critics and audiences wherever they went .

Peters also appeared abroad as early as 1951 , when she sang at the Royal Opera House in London , in Balfe 's The Bohemian Girl , conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham . From the mid 1950s onwards , she appeared in several opera houses in Italy , the Vienna State Opera , the Salzburg Festival , and the Bolshoi in Moscow , in 1972 .


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Question: He conducted the first performances of Puccini 's La BohÃ me and Leoncavallo 's Pagliacci .

In the following decade he consolidated his career in Italy , entrusted with the world premieres of Puccini 's La bohÃ me and Leoncavallo 's Pagliacci .

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She sang there some 270 times in La bohÃ me , Madama Butterfly , Tosca , Manon Lescaut , La Fanciulla del West , Otello , La forza del destino , Simon Boccanegra , Falstaff , Andrea ChÃ nier , La Gioconda and Violetta in a production of La traviata created specially for her .


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Question: In 1945 , he led the orchestra in Carnegie Hall recording sessions of American music including An American in Paris by George Gershwin .

In 1945 , he led the orchestra in recording sessions of the Grand Canyon Suite by Ferde GrofÃ in Carnegie Hall ( supervised by GrofÃ ) and An American in Paris by George Gershwin in NBC 's Studio 8-H .

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The Amadeus Quartet made some 200 recordings , among them the complete quartets of Beethoven , Brahms , and Mozart and works by 20th-century composers such as BÃ la BartÃ k and Benjamin Britten ( who wrote his third quartet for them ) .


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Examples:
'['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'The Baseball Hall of Fame is a museum in Cooperstown , New York that shows the history of baseball and some of the most famous baseball players and other people , especially in North America .']' == '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The word Cooperstown is often used as shorthand ( or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum .']' != '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Throughout the 1930s , 1940s and 1950s it was home to some of the biggest boxing , wrestling and roller derby events and has become somewhat of a landmark for boxing history .']'

Question: He conducted the first broadcast concert on December 25 , 1937 , in NBC Studio 8-H in New York City 's Rockefeller Center .

He conducted his first NBC broadcast concert on December 25 , 1937 , in NBC Studio 8-H in New York City 's Rockefeller Center .

The winner , the Ford Model T , was announced at an awards gala on December 18 , 1999 in Las Vegas , Nevada .


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Question: He took the Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour in 1920-21 ; it was during that tour that Toscanini made his first recordings ( for the Victor Talking Machine Company ) .

He took the Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour in 1920\/21 ; it was during that tour that Toscanini made his first recordings ( for the Victor Talking Machine Company ) .

Milt Gabler eventually became an A&R man for Decca Records , in addition to owning Commodore Records , and he signed Holiday to the label on August 7 , 1944 , when Holiday was 29 .


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Question: When he got back to Italy Toscanini returned to his chair in the cello section , and took part as cellist in the first performance of Verdi 's Otello ( La Scala , 1887 ) .

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However , he also returned to his chair in the cello section , and participated as cellist in the world premiere of Verdi 's Otello ( La Scala , Milan , 1887 ) under the composer 's supervision .

She made her Metropolitan Opera in New York debut in November 1953 as Susanna in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and appeared there for only one season ( 1953-54 ) , in five performances of the part of Susanna .


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Question: Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to conduct at Bayreuth ( 1930 â `` 1931 ) .

Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to appear at Bayreuth ( 1930 â `` 1931 ) , and the New York Philharmonic was the first non-German orchestra to play there .

She sang Eva with pleasure in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg at the Bayreuth Festival in 1952 , but she was never to sing the Bayreuth Festival again , preferring the summer Salzburg Festival .


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Question: The band is named after the punjabi word Shikari meaning hunter .

The band is named after a boat belonging to Roughton `` Rou '' Reynolds ' uncle , and a character in a play which he wrote before forming the band , both of which are named Shikari . Shikari also means ` Hunter ' , in Marathi , Persian , Hindi , Nepali , Urdu , Punjabi and Bengali .

The title , Sola , is close in pronunciation to the Japanese word sora .


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Question: Enter Shikari are a post-hardcore band from St Albans , Hertfodshire , England .

Enter Shikari is an English post-hardcore band , formed in 2003 in St Albans , Hertfordshire .

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The Pigeon Detectives are an English band from Rothwell , West Yorkshire , who formed in 2004 .


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Question: It was founded in 1859 .

Founded in 1859 , it consists of five undergraduate colleges , a graduate school , and a law school .

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Question: Valparaiso University is a private university in Valparaiso , Indiana .

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Valparaiso University , known colloquially as Valpo , is a regionally accredited private university located in the city of Valparaiso in the U.S. state of Indiana .

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The University of Toledo is a public university in Toledo , Ohio , United States .


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Question: La HoublonniÃ re is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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La HoublonniÃ re is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

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Saint-Vigor-des-M Ã zerets is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: During swallowing , the backward motion of the tongue forces part of the larynx called the epiglottis over the laryngeal opening . This is to prevent swallowed material from entering the lungs .

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During swallowing , the backward motion of the tongue forces the epiglottis over the glottis ' opening to prevent swallowed material from entering the larynx which leads to the lungs ; the larynx is also pulled upwards to assist this process .

Bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi , the airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the lungs .


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Question: Larynx transplant is not done very often .

The wire coat hanger method was a popularly known illegal abortion procedure , although they were not the norm .


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Question: This source sound is changed as it travels through the vocal tract . It becomes a different sound based on the position of the tongue , lips , mouth , and pharynx .

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This source sound is altered as it travels through the vocal tract , configured differently based on the position of the tongue , lips , mouth , and pharynx .

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Fluency shaping therapy , also known as `` speak more fluently '' , `` prolonged speech '' or `` connected speech '' , trains stutterers to speak fluently by controlling their breathing , phonation , and articulation ( lips , jaw , and tongue ) .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words
Examples:
'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'She had a daughter , Bertha Tammelin , who became an actor , singer , composer , musician and a teatcher at Dramatens elevskola .']' == '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:\nFor instance, <<There are four synagogues in the Brighton area , including the Brighton & Hove Progressive Synagogue ( Liberal ) at 6 Landsdowne Road in Hove ; Brighton and Hove Hebrew Congregation at 66 Middle Street in Brighton ( Orthodox ) , Hove Hebrew Congregation at 79 Holland Road in Hove ( Orthodox ) and Brighton & Hove Reform Synagogue on Palmeira Avenue in Hove ( Reformed ) .>>  to <<In 2000 , it joined Hove to become the city of Brighton & Hove .>>', 'She had a daughter , Bertha Tammelin , who became an actor , singer , composer , musician and a teacher at Dramatens elevskola .']' != '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 1813 , she married J.G. Svanberg , a violinist at the royal chapel , and in 1826 she married K.F. Bock , who played the flute in the royal chapel .']'

Question: If the larynx is irritated by something that is swallowed , a strong cough reflex is used to protect the lungs .

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Stimulation of the larynx by ingested matter produces a strong cough reflex to protect the lungs .

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Catarrh is a disorder of inflammation of the mucous membranes . It can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection .


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Question: The extract from the letter that the magazine printed was the only thing that Anning ever published .

The extract from the letter that the magazine printed was the only writing of Anning 's published in the scientific literature during her lifetime .

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The end result was a shoddy edition with only one verse , which was rejected by the Advertiser .


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Question: As time passed , her confidence in her knowledge increased , and in 1839 she wrote to the Magazine of Natural History to question their claim that a hooked tooth of the prehistoric shark Hybodus represented a new discovery . She had discovered years ago the existence of fossil sharks with both straight and hooked teeth .

As time passed , Anning 's confidence in her knowledge grew , and in 1839 she wrote to the Magazine of Natural History to question the claim made by an article that a recently discovered fossil of the prehistoric shark Hybodus represented a new genus , as she had discovered many years ago the existence of fossil sharks with both straight and hooked teeth .

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To give you a sense - "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "He released a series of videos under the CKY banner and came to prominence after being drafted into MTV 's Jackass crew ."]" should be close to "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', "He made a number of videos for the CKY . He became famous when he joined MTV 's Jackass crew ."]"

The therocephalians ( `` beast-heads '' ) are named after their large skulls , which , along with the structure of their teeth , suggest that they were successful carnivores .


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Question: The move was covered in the local paper , which noted that the shop currently had a fine ichthyosaur skeleton on display .

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The business had become important enough that the move was covered in the local paper , which noted that the shop had a fine ichthyosaur skeleton on display .

A plate of six-inch glass , strong enough to resist a mortar blast , was erected between him and zoo visitors .


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Question: Vertebrate fossils were much rarer , and exceptional specimens like an almost complete ichthyosaur skeleton could sell for much more .

Vertebrate fossils , such as ichthyosaur skeletons , sold for more but were much rarer .

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Despite receiving widespread attention in popular books on dinosaurs , and the usage of a complete mounted skeleton cast in museums throughout the world , Dromaeosaurus is surprisingly poorly known from actual fossils .


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Question: Agassiz was grateful for the help the two women had given him in examining and understanding fossil fish specimens , during his 1834 visit to Lyme Regis .

Agassiz was grateful for the help the women had given him in examining fossil fish specimens during his visit to Lyme Regis in 1834 .

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However , they were released without any bloodshed and Hooker returned to Darjeeling where he spent January and February 1850 writing his journals , replacing specimens lost during his detention and planning a journey for his last year in India .


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Question: However , in the 1840s the Swiss-American expert on fossil fish Louis Agassiz did name two fossil fish species , Acrodus anningiae , and Belenostomus anningiae , after her , and another after her friend Elizabeth Philpot .

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However , in the 1840s the Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz did name two fossil fish species after herâ '' Acrodus anningiae , and Belenostomus anningiaeâ '' and another after her friend Elizabeth Philpot .

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"['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', "Note : Gardner has a number of books on magic written `` for the trade '' , which are not listed here ."]" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Note : Gardner also wrote some books on magic for professional magicians . These books are not listed here .']"

He named these Pteranodon ( Occidentalia ) occidentalis ( for the now-disused species P. occidentalis ) and Pteranodon ( Sternbergia ) sternbergi . However , the name Sternbergia was preoccupied , and in 1978 Miller re-named the species Pteranodon ( Geosternbergia ) sternbergi , and named a third subgenus\/species combination for P. longiceps , as Pteranodon ( Longicepia ) longiceps .


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Question: Her stock in trade were invertebrate fossils such as ammonite and belemnite shells , which were common in the area and sold for a few shillings .

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Her primary stock in trade consisted of invertebrate fossils such as ammonite and belemnite shells , which were common in the area and sold for a few shillings .

Rocks of the Cenozoic era yield very large numbers of gastropod fossils , many of these fossils being closely related to modern living forms .


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Question: Her observations played a key role in the discoveries that belemnite fossils contained fossilized ink sacs , and that coprolites , known as bezoar stones at the time , were fossilized faeces .

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For example, ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians , such as Michelangelo , Galileo , Machiavelli , Foscolo , Gentile and Rossini , thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories ( Tempio dell ` Itale Glorie ) .'] should be similar to ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Many very famous Italians , such as Michelangelo , Galileo , Machiavelli , Foscolo , Gentile , Rossini , and Marconi are buried inside the church . For this reason , the church is also known as the Pantheon of the Italian Glories ( Tempio dell ` Itale Glorie or Pantheon dell ` Itale Glorie ) .']

Her observations played a key role in the discoveries that belemnite fossils contained fossilised ink sacs , and that coprolites , known as bezoar stones at the time , were fossilised faeces .

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While there is only hard proof of such flowers existing about 130 million years ago , there is some circumstantial evidence that they did exist up to 250 million years ago . A chemical used by plants to defend their flowers , oleanane , has been detected in fossil plants that old , including gigantopterids , which evolved at that time and bear many of the traits of modern , flowering plants , though they are not known to be flowering plants themselves , because only their stems and prickles have been found preserved in detail ; one of the earliest examples of petrification .


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Question: Mary Anning ( 21 May 1799 â `` 9 March 1847 ) was an early 19th-century British fossil collector , dealer and paleontologist . She earnt her living finding and preparing fossils , in the rich Jurassic marine strata at Lyme Regis where she lived .

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Mary Anning ( 21 May 1799 â `` 9 March 1847 ) was a British fossil collector , dealer and palaeontologist who became known around the world for a number of important finds she made in the Jurassic age marine fossil beds at Lyme Regis where she lived .

Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey ( L.S.B. Leakey ) ( August 7 , 1903 â `` October 1 , 1972 ) was a Kenyan archaeologist and naturalist whose work was important in establishing human evolutionary development in Africa .


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Question: When the geologist Henry De la Beche painted Duria Antiquior , he based it largely on fossils Anning had found . He sold prints for her benefit .

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When geologist Henry De la Beche painted Duria Antiquior , the first widely circulated pictorial representation of a scene from prehistoric life based on fossil reconstructions , he based it largely on fossils Anning had found , and sold prints of it for her benefit .

Marsh and his many fossil hunters were able to uncover about 500 new species of fossil animals , which were all named later by Marsh himself .


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Question: Many geologists and fossil collectors from Europe and America visited Anning at Lyme to purchase specimens . These included the geologist George William Featherstonhaugh who purchased fossils for the newly opened New York Lyceum of Natural History in 1827 .

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Many geologists and fossil collectors from Europe and America visited Anning at Lyme , including the geologist George William Featherstonhaugh , who called Anning a `` very clever funny Creature , '' and who purchased fossils from her for the newly opened New York Lyceum of Natural History in 1827 .

Lawrence left his collection of 8,000 bird skins to the American Museum of Natural History .


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Question: In 1826 , at the age of 27 , she managed to save enough money to buy a home with a glass store front window for her shop , called Anning 's Fossil Depot .

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In 1826 , at the age of 27 , she managed to save enough money to purchase a home with a glass store-front window for her shop , Anning 's Fossil Depot .

In 1902 , Woods built a house of brick and wood on the corner of Lismore and Lancaster Streets which was his residence until he died in 1934 .


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Question: This formation consists of alternating layers of limestone and shale , laid down as sediment on a shallow seabed early in the Jurassic period ( about 210-195 million years ago ) . The cliffs are one of the richest fossil locations in Britain .

The formation consists of alternating layers of limestone and shale , laid down as sediment on a shallow seabed early in the Jurassic period ( about 210 â `` 195 million years ago ) , and is one of the richest fossil locations in Britain .

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Because meanders only form on flat plains , the river must have formed before the ranges were pushed up ; this happened in a mountain building event referred to as the Alice Springs Orogeny which peaked between 400 and 300 million years age ( Devonian to Carboniferous Periods ) , .


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Question: The source of these fossils were the coastal cliffs that surround Lyme which are part of a geological formation known as the Blue Lias .

The source of the fossils were the coastal cliffs that surround Lyme , part of a geological formation known as the Blue Lias .

But southern parts of its course must be much younger because the areas where the Finke now flows near the southern edge of the Northern Territory , and further south , were under the sea during the Mesozoic Era , part of the Great Artesian Basin .


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Question: It is also the only piece that can be in position to attack a king , queen , bishop , or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that piece .

The knight is the only piece that can be in position to attack a king , queen , bishop , or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that piece .

Castling consists of moving the king two squares towards a rook on the player 's first rank , then moving the rook onto the square over which the king crossed . Castling can only be done if the king has never moved , the rook involved has never moved , the squares between the king and the rook involved are not occupied , the king is not in check , and the king does not cross over or end on a square in which it would be in check .


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Question: Lynne recorded an album , Zoom , in 2001 , again using the ELO name , but with a new set of musicians .

In 2001 Zoom , ELO 's first album since 1986 , was released .

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In an interview with the United States magazine Guitar Player , Chris Thile explained the old fashioned style in which the album was recorded : How to Grow a Woman from the Ground was self produced by Thile , and had no guest musicians , just the quintet .


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Question: He also planned to tour with them . Interest in the band was not strong , though , and most of the shows were canceled .

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However , Scarbury could not follow the song 's success , and after charting at # 49 with a follow-up single `` When She Dances '' , he once again disappeared from the charts .


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Question: These were `` Telephone Line '' , `` Livin ' Thing '' , and `` Do Ya '' , which was a remake of a Move song .

It contained the hit singles `` Livin ' Thing '' , `` Telephone Line '' , `` Rockaria ! '' and `` Do Ya '' , a rerecording of a Move song .

The first single was `` Hidin ' from Love '' in 1980 ( # 43 on the Billboard dance charts ) which was followed up by `` Give Me Your Love '' and `` Remember '' .


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Question: Bagneux-la-Fosse is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

Bagneux-la-Fosse is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .

Ervy-le-Ch Ã cents tel is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


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Question: Founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II , it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States .

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Founded in 1693 by a royal charter ( by a British letters patent ) issued by King William III and Queen Mary II , it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States after Harvard University .

Established in 1709 , it is the third-oldest town in North Carolina .


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Question: William & Mary educated U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson , James Monroe , and John Tyler as well as other key figures important to the development of the nation , including U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall , Speaker of the House Henry Clay and 16 signers of the Declaration of Independence .

William & Mary educated U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson , James Monroe , and John Tyler as well as other key figures important to the development of the nation , including U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall , Speaker of the House Henry Clay , and 16 signers of the Declaration of Independence .

Benjamin was a grandson of President William Henry Harrison and great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V , former Virginia governor and signer of the Declaration of Independence .


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Question: The College of William & Mary in Virginia ( also known as The College of William & Mary , The College , William & Mary , or W&M ) is a public university located in Williamsburg , Virginia , United States .

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The College of William & Mary in Virginia ( also known as The College , William & Mary , or W&M ) is a public research university located in Williamsburg , Virginia , United States .

Texas Southern University ( shortened to Texas Southern , or simply TSU ) is a historically black university located in Houston , Texas , United States .


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Question: The First Folio is the name given to a 1623 book that has all the plays written by William Shakespeare called Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies , Histories , & Tragedies .

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Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies , Histories , & Tragedies . is the 1623 published collection of William Shakespeare 's plays .

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The story was popularized in England by Christopher Marlowe , who gave it a classic treatment in his play , The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus .


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Question: Jacob Dowell ( born March 4 , 1985 in Eau Claire , Wisconsin ) is a professional American ice hockey center that currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .

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Jacob Dowell ( born March 4 , 1985 in Eau Claire , Wisconsin ) is an American professional ice hockey center who currently plays center for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League .

Jeffrey Skinner ( born May 16 , 1992 ) is a Canadian ice hockey player for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


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Question: Saint-Christophe-du-Luat is a commune of 553 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

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Saint-Christophe-du-Luat is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: He and two colleagues discovered Neptune 's ring system .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'His writings about the effects of racial segregation were used as evidence in the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education , and part of his 1966 book A Sign for Cain dealt with the involvement of medical professionals in the Holocaust .']>>  to <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'His writings about the effects of racial segregation were evidence in the important Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education . Part of his 1966 book , A Sign for Cain , was about medical professionals and their actions in the Holocaust .']>>

He and two colleagues discovered Neptune 's ring system in 1968 .

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The next-farthest out , Larissa , was originally discovered in 1981 when it had occulted a star .


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Question: Edward Guinan is currently a professor in Villanova University 's Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics .

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Edward F. Guinan is currently a professor in Villanova University 's Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics .

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John Henry Holland ( born 2 February 1929 ) is an American scientist and Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan , Ann Arbor .


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Question: Reiichi Ikegami ( born 12 July 1983 ) is a Japanese football player .

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Reiichi Ikegami ( Japanese : æ ä ç 1\/4 ä , born 12 July 1983 , Chiba , Chiba , Japan ) is a Japanese football player who has recently played for Japan 's Japan Football League club F.C. Kariya .

Kim Do-Keun ( born 2 March 1972 ) is a South Korean football player .


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Question: Josh Beckett ( born May 15 , 1980 ) is a Major League Baseball starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox .

Joshua Patrick Beckett ( born May 15 , 1980 ) is a Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher for the Boston Red Sox .

Grady Sizemore III ( born August 2 , 1982 ) is a Major League Baseball center fielder for the Cleveland Indians .


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Question: The Nobel Foundation is a private institution started on 29 June 1900 . Its job is to manage the money and organize the Nobel Prizes .

The Nobel Foundation is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes .

The Swedish Academy , founded in 1786 by King Gustav III , is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden .


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Question: After university Wowereit spent three years as a civil servant in the Senate Office ( that is , Ministry ) of the Interior . At the age of 30 , he was became the youngest councillor in the city of Berlin when he was elected a councillor of Tempelhof Borough .

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After 3 years as a civil servant in the Senate office of the Interior , Wowereit stood for election as municipal councillor in the Tempelhof district .

Sabine Bergmann-Pohl nÃ e Schulz ( born 20 April 1946 ) is a German politician . A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany ( CDU ) , she was president of the People 's Chamber of the German Democratic Republic from April to October 1990 and as such the last head of state .


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Question: He went on to study law at the Free University Berlin , passing his first State Exams in 1981 and the second set in 1984 .

Afterwards , he studied law at the Free University Berlin ( State Exams , 1981 and 1984 ) .

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She studied political science at the School of International Service at American University ( Washington , DC ) , from which she graduated in 1970 . She graduated from the European Institute at the University of Amsterdam in 1971 .


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Question: Since June 2001 he has served as Governing Mayor , Regierender BÃ 1\/4 rgermeister , of Berlin .

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Since June 2001 he has served as Governing Mayor ( ' ) of Berlin .

In 1972 the district was merged with GÃ 1\/4 nzburg ( district ) and the urban district GÃ 1\/4 nzburg to GÃ 1\/4 nzburg district in todays borders .


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Question: Klaus Wowereit ( \* 1 October 1953 in Berlin ) is a German politician . He has been the SPD Governing Mayor of Berlin , Germany since 2001 .

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Klaus Wowereit ( born 1 October 1953 in West Berlin ) is a German politician , member of the SPD ( Social Democratic Party ) , and has been the Mayor of Berlin since the 2001 state elections , where his party won a plurality of the votes , 29.7 % .

Egon Krenz ( born 19 March 1937 ) is a former politician from East Germany ( the German Democratic Republic ) , and that country 's last Communist leader .


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Question: Klaus Wowereit attended the Ulrich-von-Hutten-Oberschule in Berlin until 1973 .

Until 1973 , Klaus Wowereit attended the Ulrich-von-Hutten-Oberschule in Berlin .

The club re-emerged after World War II in 1949 as BSG Franz Mehring Grube , becoming BSG Aktivist Brieske-Ost in 1950 .


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Question: Wowereit is not the only gay mayor of a large European city .

However , von Beust resigned in 2010 , making Wowereit the only gay mayor of a major German city .

By this time , he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation .


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Question: Bertrand DelanoÃ `` , the mayor of Paris , is openly gay , and Ole von Beust , the former mayor of Hamburg , is also gay .

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His election as mayor made Berlin one of three major European cities with an openly gay mayor , along with Paris , whose mayor is Bertrand DelanoÃ `` , and Hamburg , whose mayor was Ole von Beust at that time , who both also took office in 2001 .

In the ( preassigned ) press conference Schill held minutes after he had heard of his own dismissal , he spoke vaguely of `` homosexual relationships '' , a `` flat in an infamous hustler district '' and `` certain things happened that let one infer the occurrence of love acts '' between Beust and Roger Kusch , who Beust had appointed minister ( in German city-states `` senator '' ) of justice .


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Question: He was re-elected as Governing Mayor in 2006 , and has carried on the coalition .

His SPD-led coalition was re-elected in the 2006 elections .

He previously served as senator of finance for the State of Berlin from January 2002 until April 2009 , when he was appointed to his position at Bundesbank .


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Question: He was President of the Bundesrat in 2001\/02 .

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He served as President of the Bundesrat ( the fourth highest office in Germany ) in 2001\/02 .

After the 1990 election , she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in the Federal Minister for Health on 18 January 1991 .


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Question: After eleven years he stood for the Berlin House of Deputies Abgeordnetenhaus which is City 's Landtag or state legislature in 1995 .

After eleven years as a District Councillor he stood for the Berlin House of Deputies ( Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin ) which serves as the City 's Landtag or state legislature in 1995 .

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For example, ['represent the input', "The term `` patent troll '' was used as early as 1993 to describe companies that file aggressive patent lawsuits . The Patent Troll was originally depicted in `` The Patents Video '' which was released in 1994 and sold to corporations , universities and governmental entities ."] should be similar to ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'A patent troll is different from other patent owners for two reasons .']

It is therefore considered `` older '' than Berlin-C Ã lln , which was first mentioned in a 1237 deed .


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Question: He is often called Nichiren Daishonin .

Citing Buddhist sutras and commentaries , Nichiren argued that the Buddhist teachings were being distorted for their own gain ( see the compilation of Nichiren 's exchanges with government leaders and Buddhist practitioners in `` The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin '' 1999 ) .

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The reigning emperors were Go-Fukakusa-tenn Å and Kameyama-tenn Å .


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Question: After the East German regime collapsed , Putin was recalled to the Soviet Union and returned to Leningrad , where in June 1990 he assumed a position with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State University , reporting to the Vice-Rector .

Following the collapse of the East German regime , Putin was recalled to the Soviet Union and returned to Leningrad , where in June 1991 he assumed a position with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State University , reporting to Vice-Rector Yuriy Molchanov .

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Dresdner Bank attempted to get a banking operating license in Saint Petersburg , where former KGB agent Vladimir Putin was in charge of foreign economic relations .


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Question: The champion was Michael Schumacher after dominated all the season .

The season was dominated by Michael Schumacher and Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro .

Piquet qualified in 10th for the Spanish Grand Prix in Barcelona , taking part in the first top 10 qualifying session of his career .


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Question: The 2004 Formula One season was the 55th edition of the championship .

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The 2004 Formula One season was the 55th FIA Formula One World Championship season , running from March 7 to October 24 , 2004 .

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The Japanese Grand Prix is a race in the calendar of the FIA Formula One World Championship .


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Question: Cerqueux is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Cerqueux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

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Sainte-Marie-Outre-l ` Eau is a French commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: Soupir is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Soupir is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

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Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Zvonimir Boban ( born 8 October 1968 ) is a former Croatian football player . He has played for Yugoslavia 's national team and Croatia 's national team .

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Zvonimir Boban ( ; born 8 October 1968 in Imotski ) is a Croatian former football midfielder who played most of his professional career for Serie A club Milan and was a member of the Croatia national team , which he captained to third place at the 1998 FIFA World Cup .

Jean Amadou Tigana ( born 23 June 1955 in Bamako , French Sudan , nowadays Mali ) is a football manager and former player , having played in midfield and managed professional football extensively throughout France , including 52 appearances and 1 goal for the France national football team during the 1980s .


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Question: The tube map is the diagram which represents the London Underground , the rail system of London .

The tube map is the schematic diagram ( transit map ) representing the lines and stations of some of London 's rapid transit rail systems , the London Underground ( commonly known as the tube , hence the name ) , the Docklands Light Railway ( DLR ) and London Overground .

183 million passengers use the Victoria line each year making it the fourth busiest line on the network .


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Question: He is most well-known as the author of the Artemis Fowl books .

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He is most famous as the author of the Artemis Fowl series , but he has also written other successful books .

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Neiderman is arguably best known as the author of The Devil 's Advocate , later adapted into a film of the same name , and the screenwriter who adapted Rain , based on a series of novels released under Andrews ' name .


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Question: Colfer was born in Wexford in Ireland and still lives there with his wife and children .

Eoin Colfer was born in Wexford , in Ireland .

Tosh was born in Boppard , Rhineland-Palatinate , West Germany but grew up in Titusville , Florida , the son of a preacher with one brother and two sisters .


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Question: Eoin Colfer ( born 14 May 1965 ) is an Irish author and comedian .

Eoin Colfer ( ; born 14 May 1965 ) is an Irish author .

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John Birmingham ( born 7 August 1964 ) is an Australian author .


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Question: Cimadera is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

Cimadera is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

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Savosa is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


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Question: Singapore law says that the anthem may only be sung with its original Malay lyrics . However , there are government-approved translations of the lyrics in Singapore 's three other official languages : English , Mandarin and Tamil .

By law the anthem may only be sung with its original Malay lyrics , although there exist authorized translations of the lyrics of the anthem in Singapore 's three other official languages : English , Mandarin and Tamil .

In 1976 a petition was presented to parliament asking for it to be made the national anthem , and , with the permission of Queen Elizabeth II , it became the country 's second national anthem on November 21 , 1977 , on equal standing with God Save The Queen . Up until then `` God Save The Queen '' was New Zealand 's national anthem .


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Question: `` Majulah Singapura '' ( Malay for `` Onward Singapore '' ) is the national anthem of Singapore .

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`` Majulah Singapura '' ( `` Onward Singapore '' ) is the national anthem of Singapore .

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`` Advance Australia Fair '' is the official national anthem of Australia .


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Question: Singaporeans are encouraged to sing the national anthem during times of national celebration or at important national events such as at the National Day Parade , at National Day observance ceremonies held by government departments and educational institutions such as schools and universities , and at sports events that Singapore teams take part in .

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Singaporeans are especially encouraged to sing the national anthem on occasions of national celebration or national significance such as at the National Day Parade , at National Day observance ceremonies conducted by educational institutions and government departments , and at sporting events at which Singapore teams are participating .

England has no official anthem and so uses the British National Anthem `` God Save the Queen '' , also an unofficial anthem , for some national occasions , such as before English international football matches .


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Question: When Singapore became a fully independent nation in 1965 , `` Majulah Singapura '' was formally taken on as Singapore 's national anthem .

Upon full independence in 1965 , `` Majulah Singapura '' was formally adopted as Singapore 's national anthem .

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Although they both have equal status , `` God Defend New Zealand '' is the anthem that is in common use and is popularly referred to as `` the national anthem '' .


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Question: It was composed by Zubir Said in 1958 as a song to be sung at official events arranged by the City Council of Singapore .

Composed by Zubir Said in 1958 as a theme song for official functions of the City Council of Singapore , the song was selected in 1958 as the island 's anthem when it attained self-government .

Built almost entirely on reclaimed land in what was once the Telok Ayer Basin , it was named after Sir Shenton Thomas , Governor of Singapore 1934 â `` 1946 , to commemorate his decision to stay in the city during the Japanese occupation of Singapore .


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Question: The national anthem is regularly performed or sung in schools and military camps at ceremonies held at the beginning and\/or the end of each day . At these ceremonies , the national flag is also raised and lowered , and the national pledge is said .

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The national anthem is regularly performed or sung in schools and armed forces camps at ceremonies held at the beginning and\/or the end of each day , during which the national flag is also raised and lowered and the national pledge is taken .

In the U.S. and some of the English-speaking majority of Canada , students at public schools have historically been required to shower communally with classmates of the same sex after physical education classes .


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Question: Later , it allowed other Brisbane groups , The Numbers ( later to become The Riptides ) , The Apartments and the Four Gods to make their own records using the Able Label logo .

Later , it allowed other Brisbane groups , The Numbers ( later to become The Riptides ) , The Apartments and the Four Gods to press their own records using the Able Label logo .

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Middleton took part in all of Powderfinger 's recordings , at the same time writing and releasing an EP and studio album with Drag .


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Question: Puurs is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

Puurs ( Google Satellite Image ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

Zandhoven is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp .


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Question: Maria Yuryevna Kirilenko ( ; born January 25 1987 ) is a Russian professional tennis player .

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Maria Yuryevna Kirilenko ( ; born in Moscow on 25 January 1987 ) is a Russian professional tennis player .

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Pavel Vladimirovich Bure ( , ; born March 31 , 1971 ) is a retired Russian professional ice hockey right winger .


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Question: Kirilenko reached # 19 , her career-high singles ranking , on the WTA tour in June 2008 .

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Kirilenko reached 18 , her career-high singles ranking , on the WTA tour in July 2008 .

Kim 's placement qualified South Korea two ladies entries for the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships .


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Question: IGCSE courses cover subjects from a variety of areas : Languages , Humanities , Social Sciences , Mathematics , Creative , Technical and Vocational .

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Cambridge IGCSE provides a broad and flexible study program and covers subjects from a variety of areas : Languages , Humanities , Social Sciences , Mathematics , Creative , Technical and Vocational .

Students in International Communication study English , communications and computers , and students in Languages and Culture also study English and choose another language as their major from Indonesian , Thai , Vietnamese , or Portuguese .


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Question: The International General Certificate of Secondary Education , or IGCSE , is an international exam for school students .

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The International General Certificate of Secondary Education ( abbreviated IGCSE or iGCSE ) is an internationally recognized qualification for school students , typically in the 14 â `` 16 age group .

In Australia secondary school is called high school , from Year 7 to Year 12 in every state bar Queensland where high school is started in Grade 8 , , except in Victoria , where the standard term `` secondary school '' is mostly used .


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Question: This is so that the IGCSE is appropriate for students with different levels of ability .

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This is designed to make IGCSE suitable for students with varying levels of ability .

Mainstreaming in education typically includes this service to students with special needs .


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Question: Licques is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Licques is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

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Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Copa do Brasil is a Brazilian football competition . It is a knockout competition played by 64 teams .

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The Copa Kia do Brasil ( or Brazil Cup ) is a knockout competition played by 64 association football teams , representing all 26 Brazilian states plus the Federal District .

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The Segunda DivisiÃ n ( Second Division ) is the lower tier of the two professional leagues in Spain consisting of 22 teams .


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Question: QI ( Quite Interesting ) is a British comedy television quiz show . It is hosted by Stephen Fry .

QI ( Quite Interesting ) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd , hosted by Stephen Fry , and featuring permanent panellist Alan Davies .

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Golden Balls is a British daytime game show on the ITV Network , presented by Jasper Carrott . It was filmed at the BBC Television Centre .


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Question: Berlingen is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

Berlingen is a municipality in the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

Uttwil is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .


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Question: This is actually a polka version of Queen 's `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' , but is counted as a polka medley .

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`` Bohemian Polka '' is a polka rendition of Queen 's `` Bohemian Rhapsody '' . Yankovic 's official website has categorized `` Bohemian Polka '' as a polka medley .

`` UHF '' is an original song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic in the key of E major and based on several different riffs .


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Question: `` Weird Al '' Yankovic is well-known for his polka medleys .

`` Polka Party ! '' is the third polka medley recorded by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .

`` Another One Rides the Bus '' is a parody of Queen 's `` Another One Bites the Dust '' by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic .


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Question: The reason for the Sintra to end production was because EuroNCAP tested a 1998 model and found it only scored 2.5 Stars , forcing Opel to drop the model in 1999 .

Consequently , the Sintra 's popularity plummeted even further , forcing Opel and Vauxhall to drop the model in 1999 .

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For 1998 it received a number of minor , mostly mechanical improvements and was renamed the 9-3 ( in most markets ; in the US the name change was introduced for 1999 ) . As the 9-3 , the NG900 was produced through 2002 .


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Question: Because the Astra-Based Zafira MPV debuted when the Sintra finished production in 1999 , sometimes it is said that the Zafira replaced the Sintra , but actually Opel never had another Large MPV after the Sintra , and then eventually Opel abandoned the Large MPV style in Europe .

Because the Astra-based Opel Zafira compact MPV debuted at the same time , it is sometimes said that the Zafira replaced the Sintra , but in fact Opel never had a large MPV after the Sintra , and GM eventually abandoned this segment of the worldwide market altogether .

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The Å koda Roomster ( Typ 5J ) is a five-door five-seat multi-purpose vehicle-styled leisure activity vehicle , produced by the Czech automaker Å koda Auto . It was a revealed as a production model in March 2006 at the Geneva Auto Show , with sales starting in June 2006 .


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Question: David Bisconti ( born 22 September 1968 ) is a former Argentine football player . He has played for Argentina national team .

David Bisconti ( born 22 September 1968 ) is a retired Argentine football player who played 12 times for the Argentina national team .

Sebastiano Nela ( born 13 March 1961 ) , is an Italian ex-footballer who played as a full back .


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Question: It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad and is located at . It is south-east of the capital Hyderabad .

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It is part of the rural Taluka of Hyderabad and is located at and lies to the south-east of the capital Hyderabad .

Miani or Meeanee is a village in Sindh , Pakistan , six miles north of Hyderabad .


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Question: An electro-diesel locomotive is one that can operate either from an electrical supply , such as overhead catenary or an energized third rail , or from an onboard diesel engine .

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An electro-diesel locomotive is one that can operate either from an electrical supply , such as overhead catenary or ( in this case ) an energised third rail , or from an onboard diesel engine .

Traditionally road vehicles ( cars , buses and trucks ) have used diesel and petrol engines with a mechanical or hydraulic transmission system .


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Question: In 1988 , Lefebvre made four new bishops to continue his work with the SSPX . He took this step against the orders of Pope John Paul II .

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In 1988 , against the orders of Pope John Paul II , he consecrated four bishops to continue his work with the SSPX .

The results of the meeting were inconclusive , and Waldo 's ideas , but not the movement itself , were condemned at the Third Lateran Council in the same year , though the leaders of the movement had not been yet excommunicated .


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Question: Marcel-Fran Ã ois Lefebvre ( November 29 1905 â `` March 25 1991 ) , better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre , was a French Roman Catholic bishop .

Marcel FranÃ ois Marie Joseph Lefebvre ( 29 November 1905 â `` 25 March 1991 ) was a French Roman Catholic archbishop .

Anselme GaÃ `` tan Desmarest ( March 6 , 1784 â `` June 4 , 1838 ) was a French zoologist and author .


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"['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'At that time many people outside the Middle East did not know about Al Jazeera . Those people who knew it said generally good things about Al Jazeera .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'At that time , Al Jazeera was not yet generally known in the Western world , but where it was known , opinion was often favourable and Al Jazeera claimed to be the only politically independent television station in the Middle East .']" != "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'Admitting some of the statements were indeed humorous , he said he tries not to take any of them seriously , and he hopes that such statements will interest people in real facts about him contained in his literary works .']"

Question: Saint-Mars-du-D Ã sert is a commune of 169 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

Saint-Mars-du-D Ã sert is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: Furthermore are Bad Gottleuba-Berggie Ã hÃ 1\/4 bel , Bahretal , Dohma , Dohna , DÃ 1\/4 rrrÃ hrsdorf-Dittersbach , Heidenau , Lohmen , Stadt Wehlen and Struppen .

Neighbouring municipalities are Bad Gottleuba-Berggie Ã hÃ 1\/4 bel ( city ) , Bahretal , Dohma , Dohna ( city ) , DÃ 1\/4 rrrÃ hrsdorf-Dittersbach , Heidenau ( city ) , KÃ nigstein ( city ) , Lohmen , Stadt Wehlen ( city ) , and Struppen .

The community Walenstadt is divided in five towns : Walenstadt , Walenstadtberg , KnoblisbÃ 1\/4 hl , Berschis and Tscherlach .


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Question: Pirna is located at the beginn of the Elbtalkessel , where the Wesenitz and the Gottleuba flow in the Elbe .

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Pirna is located near the Sandstone Mountains in the Elbe valley , where the nearby rivers Wesenitz , in the north , and Gottleuba to the south , flow into the Elbe .

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The district is named after two rivers - the Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony , the Schwarze Elster ( `` Black Elster '' ) is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district .


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Question: Direct in the north of Pirna is the capital of Saxony , Dresden .

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Major towns on the edge of the mountain region Bayreuth and Hof .


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Question: Pirna is named Tor zur SÃ chsischen Schweiz ( door to the SÃ chsische Schweiz ) .

Pirna is also called the `` gate to the Saxon Switzerland '' ( Ger : Tor zur SÃ chsischen Schweiz ) .

The name is associated with various places in Germany , such as Castle Frankenstein ( Burg Frankenstein ) in MÃ 1\/4 hltal , Hesse , or Castle Frankenstein in Frankenstein , Palatinate . There is also a castle called Frankenstein in Bad Salzungen , Thuringia .


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Question: HumerÅ `` uille is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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HumerÅ `` uille is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

FrÃ thun ( francization of Free Town ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: It is held at Petrillo Music Shell and four other stages in Grant Park at the waterfront of Lake Michigan .

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For instance, <<['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'The following month at Unforgiven , Khali faced off against Batista and Rey Mysterio in another Triple Threat match in which Batista pinned Khali to win the championship .']>>  to "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'At Unforgiven , Batista won against Khali and Rey Mysterio in a triple threat match to win the championship .']"

The event has always taken place at Petrillo Music Shell in Grant Park , adjacent to the Lake Michigan waterfront east of the Loop in Chicago .

Lincoln Park Zoo is a free 35 a zoo located in Lincoln Park in Chicago , Illinois .


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Question: Orders of magnitude are generally used to make very approximate comparisons .

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Orders of magnitude are generally used to make very approximate comparisons , but reflect deceptively large differences .

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The girth of an object is a measurement around it . It is sometimes used by postal services and delivery companies as a basis for pricing .


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Question: Cotidianul is a Romanian newspaper . It is published from Monday to Saturday in Berliner format .

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Cotidianul was a Romanian newspaper , published Monday to Saturday in Berliner format .

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Agos ( , `` Furrow '' ) is an Armenian weekly newspaper published in Istanbul , Turkey . It was established on 5 April 1996 .


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Question: It was started by Ion RaÅ # iu . The first issue was published on May 10 , 1991 .

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Founded by Ion RaÅ # iu , it published its first issue on May 10 , 1991 .

The second stable release , version 2.0 codename ` Electric ' , was announced on July 27 , 2007 .


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Question: Scotland shares a border with England . Scotland has coasts on the North Sea to the east , the Atlantic Ocean to the west and also the Irish Sea to the southwest .

Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain , it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east , the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest .

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It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean , on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean , on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea , and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean ; South America lies to the southeast of the continent .


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Question: The biggest city is Glasgow . Other cities in Scotland are Aberdeen , Dundee , Inverness and Stirling .

There are six cities in Scotland : Aberdeen , Dundee , Edinburgh , Glasgow , most recently Inverness , and Stirling .

North Ayrshire borders onto the areas of Inverclyde to the north , Renfrewshire to the north east , and East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire to the East and South respectively .


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Question: The official languages of Scotland are English , Scots , and Gaelic .

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Scotland has three officially recognized languages : English , Scots , and Scottish Gaelic .

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Most people in Somaliland speak two of the three official languages : English , Somali and Arabic .