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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning
Examples:
'['Represent this', 'Koichi Higashi ( born 23 August 1978 ) is a Japanese football player .']' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Koichi Higashi ( born August 23 , 1978 ) is a Japanese football player .']' != '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Kim Wi-Man ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is a former North Korean football player .']'

Question: In addition H. erectus was the first human ancestor to walk truly upright .

In addition Homo erectus was the first human ancestor to walk truly upright .

Most Paranthropus species seem almost certainly not to have used language nor to have controlled fire , although they are directly associated with the latter at Swartkrans .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.

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Given ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\n------\nE.g.\nSo , the Church is rightful inheritor of all the promises made to Israel , and Jews who do not take Jesus as Messiah have no right to this blessing . == Thus , the Church is rightful inheritor of all the promises made to ethnic Israel ( land , kingdom , etc. ) , and Jews who reject Jesus as Messiah have no divine right of claim on those promises . != The death and resurrection of Jesus are usually considered the most important events in Christian Theology , partly because they demonstrate that Jesus has power over life and death and therefore has the authority and power to give people eternal life .', 'It is believed that because of this damage , a third building , 7 World Trade Center ( 7 WTC ) , fell at 5:20 p.m. , but this is a debated subject .'] it matches with ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'When the north tower collapsed , debris that fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center ( 7 WTC ) building damaged it and initiated fires .'] but not with ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Rather , it was invoked for the first time in 2001 in response to the September 11 , 2001 attacks against the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in Operation Eagle Assist .']

Question: H. sapiens idaltu , from Ethiopia , about 160,000 years ago , is a proposed subspecies .

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H. sapiens idaltu , from Ethiopia , is an extinct sub-species who lived about 160,000 years ago .

The site of Frida Leakey Korongo North ( commonly known as FLK North and named after Louis Leakey 's first wife ) bears the distinction of having the oldest known evidence of Elephant consumption , attributed to Homo ergaster around 1.8 million years ago .


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Question: In this book , Darwin wrote about the idea of evolution in general , rather than the evolution of humans . Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history , was all Darwin wrote on the subject .

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Darwin 's book did not address the question of human evolution , saying only that `` Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history '' .

Herbert Spencer first used the phrase â '' after reading Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species â '' in his Principles of Biology of 1864 in which he drew parallels between his economic theories and Darwin 's biological , evolutionary ones , writing , â This survival of the fittest , which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms , is that which Mr. Darwin has called ` natural selection ' , or the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life . '' In the first four editions of On the Origin of Species , Darwin used the phrase `` natural selection '' .


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Question: Some scientists believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism .

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Some scientists presently believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism .

Tocheri et al . ( 2007 ) ( including Morwood , Larson , and Jungers ) , compared three carpal bones believed to belong to LB1 with carpal bones of modern humans , some earlier hominids and African apes . They concluded that the carpals from the Liang Bua cave resembled ape carpal bones and were significantly different from the bones of H. sapiens , Homo neanderthalensis or even Homo antecessor , and that they were comparable to carpal bones of Australopithecus .


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Question: Modern humans who live on Flores , the island where the skeleton was found , are pygmies .

This hypothesis is supported in part , because some modern humans who live on Flores , the island where the skeleton was found , are pygmies .

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They were not expecting to find a new species , and were surprised at the recovery of a nearly complete skeleton of a hominin they dubbed LB1 because it was unearthed inside the Liang Bua Cave .


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Question: Homo floresiensis , which lived about 100,000 â `` 12,000 years ago has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size .

H. floresiensis , which lived from approximately 100,000 to 12,000 before present , has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size , possibly a result of insular dwarfism .

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Additionally , the DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started losing body hair , also about 2,000,000 years ago .


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Question: Also , the specimen exhibited short canine teeth , and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion .

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Also , the specimen showed short canine teeth , and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion .

Ruta & al . ( 2003 ) interpreted the long body and small legs as a possible adaption to burrowing , similar to that seen in modern skinks .


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Question: Today , there is only one species in the genus : Homo sapiens .

Homo sapiens is the only extant species of its genus , Homo .

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The family name is derived from the genus Vitis .


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Question: These adapted traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome and include such outward `` racial '' characteristics as skin color and nose form in addition to internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently in high altitudes .

These adapted traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome , but include various characteristics such as skin color and nose form , in addition to internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently at high altitudes .

However , how this biochemical toolkit is used to interpret an organism 's environment varies widely : eyes have a wide range of structures and forms , all of which have evolved quite late relative to the underlying proteins and molecules .


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Question: The remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and a cast of the inside of the individual 's skull .

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The child 's remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and an endocranial cast of the individual 's brain .

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In 2008 , researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world 's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect , a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous Period .


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Question: Homo erectus was first discovered on the island of Java in Indonesia , in 1891 .

The first fossils of Homo erectus were discovered by Dutch physician Eugene Dubois in 1891 on the Indonesian island of Java .

This conclusion has mostly been based on the Turkana Boy fossil discovered in 1984 .


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Question: Between 400,000 years ago and the second warm period in the Middle Pleistocene , around 250,000 years ago , its skull grew and more sophisticated technologies based on stone tools developed . One possibility is that a transition between H. erectus to H. sapiens occurred .

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Between 400,000 years ago and the second interglacial period in the Middle Pleistocene , around 250,000 years ago , the trend in skull expansion and the elaboration of stone tool technologies developed , providing evidence for a transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens .

The main characters are Australopithecus afarenses , an extinct , mostly tree-dwelling hominid that existed before the use of tools and fire .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The result was the creation of two championships : the `` Metropolitano '' , played by teams affiliated directly to the AFA ( and divided in two zones ) , and the `` Nacional '' , played by the teams placed in the top positions of the `` Metropolitano '' , in addition to teams from the leagues of the Argentine interior ."] it matches with ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "These were the `` Metropolitano '' , with the teams affiliated directly to the AFA divided in two zones , and the `` Nacional '' , in whom some teams affiliated to the AFA were taking part and whom they classified under the first positions of the Metropolitano ."] but not with ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "In 1970 , Gimnasia y Esgrima finished second the zone `` B '' behind Chacarita Juniors , and qualified for the `` Nacional '' semifinal against Rosario Central , who had occupied the first position in the zone `` A '' ."]

Question: called Homo ergaster , or Homo erectus ergaster ' .

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Often the early phase , from 1.8 to 1.25 Ma , is considered to be a separate species , Homo ergaster , or it is seen as a subspecies of Homo erectus , Homo erectus ergaster .

In 1925 , Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus .


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Question: In 1924 , Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus .

In 1925 , Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus .

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The Taung Child â '' or Taung Baby â '' is the fossilized skull of a young Australopithecus africanus individual .


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Question: The australopithecines were originally classified as either gracile or robust .

Reclassification of Australopithecines that originally were split into either gracile or robust varieties has put the latter into a family of its own , Paranthropus .

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Tocheri et al . ( 2007 ) ( including Morwood , Larson , and Jungers ) , compared three carpal bones believed to belong to LB1 with carpal bones of modern humans , some earlier hominids and African apes . They concluded that the carpals from the Liang Bua cave resembled ape carpal bones and were significantly different from the bones of H. sapiens , Homo neanderthalensis or even Homo antecessor , and that they were comparable to carpal bones of Australopithecus .


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Question: It was not until the 1920s that hominid fossils were discovered in Africa .

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It was only in the 1920s that such fossils were discovered in Africa .

Marsh and his many fossil hunters were able to uncover about 500 new species of fossil animals , which were all named later by Marsh himself .


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Question: The discoverer , Eugene Dubois originally called it Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes .

He originally gave the material the name Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes .

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Question: While the debate remains unsettled , evidence from mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA sequencing indicates that little or no gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens , and , therefore , the two were separate species .

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Evidence from sequencing mitochondrial DNA indicated that no significant gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens , and , therefore , the two were separate species that shared a common ancestor about 660,000 years ago .

Asian black bears are close relatives to American black bears , with which they share a European common ancestor which is thought to have diverged 3 million years ago , though genetic evidence is inconclusive .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning
Examples:
Provided: ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The venom of bees , scorpions , pufferfish , spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins .'] Match: ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The venom of bees , scorpions , pufferfish , spiders , and snakes can contain many different toxins .'] Hard Negative: ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The millipedes have glands that produce hydrogen cyanide to protect them from predators , a fact advertised by their aposematic color . Because they produce cyanide , they smell like almonds .']

Question: Homo sapiens has lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present .

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H. sapiens ( the adjective sapiens is Latin for `` wise '' or `` intelligent '' ) have lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present .

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The Bering land bridge is significant for several reasons , not least because it is believed to have enabled human migration to the Americas from Asia about 20,000 years ago .


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Question: Both australopithecines and Homo sapiens are part of the tribe Hominini , but recent data has brought into doubt the position of A. africanus as a direct ancestor of modern humans ; it may well have been a cousin .

Both Australopithecines and Homo sapiens are part of the tribe Hominini . Recent data suggests Australopithecines were a diverse group and that A. africanus may not be a direct ancestor of modern humans .

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There are many theories about the evolution of the atelines ; one theory is that spider monkeys are most closely related to the woolly spider monkeys ( Bractyteles ) , and most likely split from the woolly monkeys ( Lagothrix and Oreonax ) in the South American lowland forest , to evolve their unique locomotory system . This theory is not supported by fossil evidence , but there are fossils showing spider monkeys living in Cuba in recent times .


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Question: This list is in chronological order by genus .

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This list is in chronological order across the page by genus .

The year in the table below indicates the year the book was published .


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Question: The evidence of Java Man suggests there was an initial migration of H. erectus out of Africa . Then , much later , a further development of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa .

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The direct evidence suggests there was a migration of H. erectus out of Africa , then a further speciation of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa .


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Question: In the Early Pleistocene , 1.5 â `` 1 mya , in Africa , Asia , and Europe , presumably , some populations of Homo habilis evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools ; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species , H. erectus .

In the early Pleistocene , 1.5 â `` 1 Ma , in Africa , Asia , and Europe , some populations of Homo habilis are thought to have evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools ; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species , Homo erectus .

Most Paranthropus species seem almost certainly not to have used language nor to have controlled fire , although they are directly associated with the latter at Swartkrans .


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Question: The DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species . This may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or from the Toba catastrophe .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

Examples:

"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism then at high tide in France , Russian forces invaded the Commonwealth in 1792 .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Once again Poland dared to reform and improve itself without Russia 's permission , and once again the Empress was angered ; arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism then at high tide in France , Russian forces invaded the Commonwealth in 1792 ( EB . )"]"

Current research has established that humans are genetically highly homogenous ; that is , the DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species , which may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or the possibility of a population bottleneck resulting from cataclysmic natural events such as the Toba catastrophe .

Neither Charles Darwin nor anyone else in his time knew the answer to the species problem : how multiple species could evolve from a single common ancestor .


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Question: In some cases this is because there are very few fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus .

In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus .

Systematics , in other words , is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth .


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Question: Even some of Darwin 's supporters ( such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell ) did not like the idea that human beings have evolved their impressive mental capacities and moral sensibilities through natural selection .

However , many of Darwin 's early supporters ( such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell ) did not agree that the origin of the mental capacities and the moral sensibilities of humans could be explained by natural selection .

Therefore , Darwin 's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms .


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Question: In 1997 , Dr. Mark Stoneking , then an associate professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University , stated : `` These results ( based on mitochondrial DNA extracted from Neanderthal bone ) indicate that Neanderthals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humansâ Neanderthals are not our ancestors . ''

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning
For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the `` qibla wall . ''"]>>  to "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The wall in which a mihrab appears is the `` qibla wall . ''"]"

In 1997 , Mark Stoneking stated : `` These results ( based on mitochondrial DNA extracted from Neanderthal bone ) indicate that Neanderthals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humansâ Neanderthals are not our ancestors '' .

For some time , scientists have debated whether Neanderthals should be classified as Homo neanderthalensis or `` Homo sapiens neanderthalensis '' , the latter placing Neanderthals as a subspecies of Homo sapiens . Some morphological studies support that Homo neanderthalensis is a separate species and not a subspecies .


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Question: The australopithecines are now thought to be immediate ancestors of the genus Homo , the group to which modern humans belong .

The gracile Australopithecines are now thought to be ancestors of the genus Homo , the group to which modern humans belong .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

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Fewshot example: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The voices of Kelly Generic ( Bobby 's sister ) and Martha Generic ( Bobby 's mom ) are based on two recurring characters Gail Matthius played when she was a cast member on Saturday Night Live in 1980 ."]" == "['', "The voices of Kelly Generic ( Bobby 's sister ) and Martha Generic ( Bobby 's mom ) are based on two characters Gail Matthius played when she was a member on Saturday Night Live in 1980 ."]"

This further supports the hypothesis that the common ancestor of all squirrels living and fossil lived in North America , as these three most ancient lineages seem to have radiated from there â `` if squirrels had originated in Eurasia for example , one would expect quite ancient lineages in Africa , but African squirrels seem to be of more recent origin .


Question: represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length The provided query could be '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Salt Marsh Moth or Acrea Moth ( Estigmene acrea ) is a North American moth . It is in the family Arctiidae .']' and the positive '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Salt Marsh Moth or Acrea Moth ( Estigmene acrea ) is a North American moth in the family Arctiidae .']' and the negative '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Least Skipper ( Ancyloxypha numitor ) is a North American butterfly in the family Hesperiidae .']'

Question: It is called the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu .

The city is an important agricultural center located at the heart of the region , known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!
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E.g.:
['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Besides asteroids , he co-discovered the periodic comet 80P\\/Peters-Hartley , and also discovered various nebulae and galaxies .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'Besides asteroids , he co-found the periodic comet 80P\\/Peters-Hartley , and also found different nebulae and galaxies .']

This district is called `` SagorKonna '' , which means `` Daughter of Sea '' .


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Question: BallÃ e is a commune of 719 people ( 2004 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

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BallÃ e is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

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ChÃ cents teau-Guibert is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: He was principal ( main ) conductor until 1911 , when Edward Elgar took over for a year .

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He remained principal conductor until 1911 , when Edward Elgar took over for a year , leading six concerts as principal conductor .

However , after a couple of weeks Rostropovich found he was too busy and nominated Berlinsky in his place .


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Question: The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO ) is one of the most famous orchestras of the world .

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The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO ) is a major orchestra of the United Kingdom , as well as one of the best-known orchestras in the world .

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The Royal Ballet was one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century , and continues to be one of the world 's most famous ballet companies to this day .


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Question: AndrÃ Previn is the Conductor Laureate ( Honorary conductor ) .

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Previn holds the title of Conductor Laureate .

Haitink threatened to resign in protest , and the financial situation was eventually settled . In 1999 , Haitink was named the orchestra 's Conductor Laureate .


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Question: In 1966 the London Symphony Chorus ( LSC ) was formed to join the LSO for works with choirs .

In 1966 , the London Symphony Chorus ( LSC ) was formed to complement the work of the LSO .

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Coleridge-Taylor 's work was later championed by Malcolm Sargent , who between 1928 and 1939 conducted ten seasons of a costumed ballet version of The Song of Hiawatha at the Royal Albert Hall with the Royal Choral Society ( 600 to 800 singers ) and 200 dancers .


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Question: Since January 2007 Valery Gergiev has been the LSO 's Principal Conductor .

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On 1 January 2007 , Valery Gergiev became the LSO 's Principal Conductor .


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Question: The LSO gave its first concert on 9 June 1904 with Hans Richter conducting .

The LSO was founded in 1904 as an independent , self governing organization , the first such orchestra in the UK . It played its first concert on 9 June of that year , with Hans Richter conducting .

After listening to this tape , Rattle hired Harding as an assistant to him at the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra for a year , from 1993-1994 .


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Question: The LSO players all came close to death in 1912 because they were due to sail on the RMS Titanic for a concert in New York . Fortunately they had to change the booking at the last minute .

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The LSO was due to sail on the for a concert in New York in April 1912 but fortunately had to change the booking at the last minute .

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Fans queued overnight for a seat in the stadium , and the capacity was reached more than two hours before kick-off .


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Question: In 2006 , Daniel Harding became the co-principal guest conductor together with Michael Tilson Thomas .

In 2006 , Daniel Harding became the co-principal guest conductor alongside Tilson Thomas .

Vladimir Ashkenazy is the radio orchestra 's music director and Charles Dutoit is music director emeritus .


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Question: The LSO was the first British orchestra to play overseas when it went to Paris in 1906 .

The LSO became the first British orchestra to play overseas when it went to Paris in 1906 , and the first to play in the United States , in 1912 .

He toured with the IPO in the spring of 1990 for their first-ever performance in the Soviet Union , with concerts in Moscow and Leningrad , and toured with the IPO again in 1994 , performing in China and India .


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Question: Hearst sailed to Cuba , when the invasion began , as a war correspondent , providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting .

Hearst sailed directly to Cuba , when the invasion began , as a war correspondent , providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting .

On June 16 , Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business , and sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

E.g. ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Giovanni then flirts with Zerlina . Elvira arrives and warns Zerlina about how bad Giovanni is .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'She leaves with Zerlina .'] != ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', "Donna Anna 's room . Ottavio pressures Anna to marry him , but she thinks it inappropriate so soon after her father 's death ."]

Question: The most famous example of the exaggeration is the story , which probably is not actually true , that artist Frederic Remington sent Hearst a telegram to tell him that not much was going on in Cuba and `` There will be no war . ''

The most famous example of the exaggeration is the apocryphal story that artist Frederic Remington telegrammed Hearst to tell him all was quiet in Cuba and `` There will be no war . ''

Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville , California , in far northern Trinity County , was a source , but this is the result of a misinterpretation of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview , in which he said that Weaverville reminded him of Shangri-La .


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Question: The island was in a bad economic depression , and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler , sent to crush the rebellion , herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps leading hundreds of Cubans to their deaths .

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The island was in a terrible economic depression , and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler , sent to crush the rebellion , herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps leading hundreds of Cubans to their deaths .

During the Barcelona May Days , as squads of Communist Party of Spain members ( apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin ) took to the streets in order to hunt down leading anarchists , Berneri was dragged from his home and murdered .


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Question: Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage ; one of his early stories , about a `` band of murderers , '' attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them .

Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage ; one of his early pieces , regarding a `` band of murderers , '' attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them .

But while indulging in these stunts , the Examiner also increased its space for international news , and sent reporters out to uncover municipal corruption and inefficiency .


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Question: Charles Anderson Dana Charles Dana , editor of the New York Sun , attacked The World and said Pulitzer was `` deficient in judgment and in staying power . ''

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Charles Dana , editor of the New York Sun , attacked The World and said Pulitzer was `` deficient in judgment and in staying power . ''

Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule , arguing , '' no true history of the war ... can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish-American war was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists , many of whom lie in unremembered graves . ''


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Question: Pulitzer , although he did not have Hearst 's resources , kept the story on his front page .

Pulitzer , though lacking Hearst 's resources , kept the story on his front page .

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Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The British New Romantic band Spandau Ballet took their name from the Spandau borough in the British sector of former West Berlin .']" Match: "['represent', 'The popular British New Romantic band , Spandau Ballet takes its name from Spandau .']"

Both were Democratic , both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants ( a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications , which functioned like weekly magazines , going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism .


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Question: Just two years after Pulitzer took it over , the World sold more copies than any other newspaper in New York . Part of this was because he was connected to the Democratic Party .

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Just two years after Pulitzer took it over , the World became the highest circulation newspaper in New York , aided in part by its strong ties to the Democratic Party .

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While the Chinese compradors used their knowledge of and connections with the local community to raise circulation and attract advertisements , they kept the price of the paper lower than that of its competitor .


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Question: Hearst then hired many people who were working for World in 1896 .

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In a counterattack , Hearst raided the staff of the World in 1896 .

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Hoping to be published , Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote .


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Question: The most important part of this fight was from 1895 to about 1898 .

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The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898 , and historical usage often refers specifically to this period .

The agreement was to run from January 1 , 1997 to 2002 .


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Question: Hearst did not know of Bierce 's column and claimed to have pulled Brisbane 's after it ran in a first edition , but the incident would haunt him for the rest of his life and all but destroyed his dream to be president .

Hearst did not know of Bierce 's column and claimed to have pulled Brisbane 's after it ran in a first edition , but the incident would haunt him for the rest of his life and all but destroyed his presidential ambitions .

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Dougherty 's actions seem to contradict these claims : he remarried months after Monroe divorced him ; his sister told the December 1952 Modern Screen magazine that he left Monroe because she wanted to pursue modeling , after he initially gave her permission to do so ; he confirmed Monroe 's version of the beginning of their relationship in an A&E Network Monroe documentary that his mother had asked him to marry her so that she would not be returned to an orphanage .


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Question: These were Joseph Pulitzer 's and the New York World and William Randolph Hearst with the New York Journal .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

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"['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Mercedes J. Ruehl ( born February 28 , 1948 ) is an American theater , television and film actor .']" == "['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'jpg thumb ( 537x599 ) px right Mercedes Ruehl ) ) Mercedes Ruehl is an American theater , stage and motion picture actress . She was born February 28 , 1948 .']"

The term originated during the American Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century with the circulation battles between Joseph Pulitzer 's New York World and William Randolph Hearst 's New York Journal .

The approach worked , and as the Journal 's circulation jumped to 150,000 , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to drive his young competitor ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) into bankruptcy .


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Question: Having fought for a fight for two years , Hearst took credit for the conflict when it came : A week after the United States declared war on Spain , he ran `` How do you like the Journal 's war ? ''

Having clamored for a fight for two years , Hearst took credit for the conflict when it came : A week after the United States declared war on Spain , he ran `` How do you like the Journal 's war ? ''

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Pulitzer , haunted by his `` yellow sins , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

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['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The STM is based on something called quantum tunneling .'] == ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The STM is based on the concept of quantum tunneling .'] != ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'The discovery of GMR is considered the birth of spintronics .']

Question: He later ran for mayor and governor and even tried to get nominated for president , but his reputation was hurt in 1901 after columnist Ambrose Bierce and editor Arthur Brisbane published separate columns months apart that suggested that President William McKinley be assassinated .

He later ran for mayor and governor and even sought the presidential nomination , but lost much of his personal prestige when outrage exploded in 1901 after columnist Ambrose Bierce and editor Arthur Brisbane published separate columns months apart that suggested the assassination of William McKinley .

He left home with his uncle and moved to West Helena , Arkansas finding Williamson there . For many years Cotton claimed that he told Williamson that he was an orphan , and that Williamson took him in and raised him ; a story he admitted in recent years is not true .


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Question: Both were Democratic , both took the side of organized labor and immigrants ( unlike publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both spent a lot of money making their Sunday publications , which were like weekly magazines , going beyond just daily journalism .

Both were Democratic , both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants ( a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications , which functioned like weekly magazines , going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words For instance, <<['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The title is also used by Shia Muslims to refer to their first Imam , Ali ibn Abi Talib .']>>  to <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'The title is also used by Shia Muslims to refer to their first Imam , Ali ibn Abi Talib , since he was also the Caliph .']>>

Moreover , journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism was largely confined to New York City , and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not follow their lead .


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Question: Pulitzer believed that newspapers were important and had a duty to make society better , and he tried to do this with his newspaper .

Pulitzer believed that newspapers were public institutions with a duty to improve society , and he put the World in the service of social reform .

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Question: But Hearst did want the United States to go to war after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895 .

But Hearst became a war hawk after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895 .

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In 1912 , Spring-Rice was appointed as Ambassador to the United States of America where he influenced the administration of Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality and join Britain in the war against Germany .


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Question: The Journal and the World were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers , and their stories did not catch people 's attention outside New York City .

The Journal and the World were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers , and the stories simply did not make a splash outside New York City .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning Given ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Borough Market and the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass by the river are in the immediate vicinity .'], a positive would be ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Borough Market and the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass by the river are close by .']

This meeting occurred after several weeks of articles focused on the influence of the Internet and the blogosphere made front page headlines in the Chronicle .


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Question: Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883 after making the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the biggest daily newspaper in that city .

Joseph Pulitzer purchased the New York World in 1883 after making the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the dominant daily in that city .

Both were Democratic , both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants ( a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications , which functioned like weekly magazines , going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism .


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Question: While the stories were probably not very accurate , the newspaper readers of the 19th century did not expect , or necessarily want , his stories to be pure nonfiction .

While the accounts were of dubious accuracy , the newspaper readers of the 19th century did not expect , or necessarily want , his stories to be pure nonfiction .

As a very private man , Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry .


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Question: The story ( a version of which appears in the Hearst-inspired Orson Welles film Citizen Kane ) first showed up in the memoirs of reporter James Creelman in 1901 , and there is no other source for it .

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The story ( a version of which appears in the Hearst-inspired Orson Welles film Citizen Kane ) first appeared in the memoirs of reporter James Creelman in 1901 , and there is no other source for it .

Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville , California , in far northern Trinity County , was a source , but this is the result of a misinterpretation of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview , in which he said that Weaverville reminded him of Shangri-La .


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Question: However , most of Americans did not live in New York City , and the decision makers who did live there probably read less sensationalist newspapers like the Times , The Sun or the Post .

However , the vast majority of Americans did not live in New York City , and the decision makers who did live there probably relied more on staid newspapers like the Times , The Sun or the Post .

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Question: Hearst was a well-known Democrat who promoted William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and 1900 ( Bryan did not win either election ) .

Hearst was a leading Democrat who promoted William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and 1900 .

She backed Stevenson once again in 1960 primarily to block John F. Kennedy , who eventually received the presidential nomination .


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Question: Pulitzer tried to make the New York World fun to read , and filled his paper with pictures , games and contests that brought in new readers .

Pulitzer strove to make the New York World an entertaining read , and filled his paper with pictures , games and contests that drew in new readers .

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Question: Hearst read the World while studying at Harvard University and decided to try to make the Examiner as bright as Pulitzer 's paper .

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Hearst read the World while studying at Harvard University and resolved to make the Examiner as bright as Pulitzer 's paper .

The approach worked , and as the Journal 's circulation jumped to 150,000 , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to drive his young competitor ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) into bankruptcy .


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Question: William Randolph Hearst , a mining heir who bought the San Francisco Examiner from his father in 1887 , noticed what Pulitzer was doing .

Pulitzer 's approach made an impression on William Randolph Hearst , a mining heir who acquired the San Francisco Examiner from his father in 1887 .

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One of the most influential films of all time was Orson Welles ' 1941 film Citizen Kane , which was loosely based on parts of Hearst 's life ( Welles and co-writer Herman J. Mankiewicz added bits and pieces from the lives of other rich men of the time , among them Harold McCormick , Samuel Insull and Howard Hughes , into Kane ) . Hearst used all his resources and influence in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent the film 's release .


Question: In one story , Examiner reporter Winifred Black went into a San Francisco hospital as a patient and discovered that the women there were treated with `` gross cruelty . ''

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In one well remembered story , Examiner reporter Winifred Black was admitted into a San Francisco hospital and discovered that indigent women were treated with `` gross cruelty . ''

Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage ; one of his early pieces , regarding a `` band of murderers , '' attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them .


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Question: Yellow journalism or the yellow press is a type of journalism that does not report much real news with facts . It uses shocking headlines that catch people 's attention to sell more newspapers .

Yellow journalism or the yellow press is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers .

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Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the country into the Spanish-American War with sensationalist stories or outright lying .


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Question: When Hearst hired Outcault away , Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue drawing the strip with his characters , giving the city two Yellow Kids .

When Hearst predictably hired Outcault away , Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue the strip with his characters , giving the city two Yellow Kids .

It was not an immediate success , and in 1904 , he decided to turn it into a pictorial newspaper , changing the masthead to The Daily Illustrated Mirror and appointing Hamilton Fyfe as editor who then fired all the women journalists .


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Question: While there were many sensational stories in the New York World , they were by no means the only stories , or even the biggest ones .

While there were many sensational stories in the New York World , they were by no means the only pieces , or even the dominant ones .

His editorials for the paper were often political , and dismissed most of the contemporary political parties as broken in one way or another .


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Question: Hogan 's Alley , a comic strip about a bald child in a yellow nightshirt ( nicknamed The Yellow Kid ) , became very popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896 .

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Hogan 's Alley , a comic strip revolving around a bald child in a yellow nightshirt ( nicknamed The Yellow Kid ) , became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896 .

The comic strip story `` Mr. Slicker and the Egg Robbers '' ( published September 22 -- December 26 , 1930 ) introduced her father Marcus Mouse and her mother Margie Mouse , both farmers .


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Question: says that yellow press newspapers have several columns and front-page headlines about different types of news , such as sports and scandals , using bold layouts ( with large illustrations and perhaps color ) , and stories reported using sources that do n't share their names .

defines Yellow Press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics , such as sports and scandal , using bold layouts ( with large illustrations and perhaps color ) , heavy reliance on unnamed sources , and unabashed self-promotion .

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Wikipedia is not censored , which in practice means that in relevant areas throughout the site , you will find possibly distressing content and pictures showing subjects like sexual activity or profanity in context .


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Question: Their Sunday entertainment features included the first color comic strip pages , and some think that the term yellow journalism originated there , while as noted above , the New York Press left the term it invented undefined .

Their Sunday entertainment features included the first color comic strip pages , and some theorize that the term yellow journalism originated there , while as noted above , the New York Press left the term it invented undefined .

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The story ( a version of which appears in the Hearst-inspired Orson Welles film Citizen Kane ) first appeared in the memoirs of reporter James Creelman in 1901 , and there is no other source for it .


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Question: While most sources say that Hearst simply offered more money , Pulitzer â '' who had grown more abusive to his employees â '' had become a very difficult man to work for , and many World employees were willing to switch newspapers just to get away from him .

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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Yosef Shai `` Yossi '' Benayoun ( ; born May 5 , 1980 ) is an Israeli professional footballer who currently plays for Chelsea in the English Premier League ."], a positive would be ["represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\n------\nExamples:\n\nGiven The name comes from the Greek aÄ `` dÄ `` s , meaning `` unpleasant '' or `` odious '' , so called because of the diseases this type of mosquito transmits , including dengue fever and yellow fever . it matches with The name comes from the Ancient Greek aÄ `` dÄ `` s , meaning `` unpleasant '' or `` odious '' , so called because of the diseases this type of mosquito transmits , including dengue fever and yellow fever . but not with Another 14th century Andalusian-Arabian physician , Ibn al-Khatib ( 1313 â `` 1374 ) , wrote a treatise called On the Plague , in which he stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through bodily contact and `` through garments , vessels and earrings . ''", 'Yossi Benayoun ( born 5 May 1980 ) is an Israeli football player currently playing for Chelsea in the Premier League .']

While most sources say that Hearst simply offered more money , Pulitzer â '' who had grown increasingly abusive to his employees â '' had become an extremely difficult man to work for , and many World employees were willing to jump for the sake of getting away from him .

According to Allen , on August 1 , 1962 , DiMaggio â `` alarmed by how Monroe had fallen in with people he considered detrimental to her well-being â `` quit his job with a PX supplier to ask her to remarry him .


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Question: Both papers were accused of sensationalizing the news ( making it seem much more important than it really was ) in order to sell more newspapers , although the newspapers did serious reporting as well .

Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation , although the newspapers did serious reporting as well .

Admitting some of the statements were indeed humorous , he said he tries not to take any of them seriously , and he hopes that such statements will interest people in real facts about him contained in his literary works .


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Question: The New York Press came up with the term `` yellow kid journalism '' in early 1897 after a then-popular comic strip to talk about the newspapers of Pulitzer and Hearst , which both published versions of it during a circulation war .

The New York Press coined the term `` yellow kid journalism '' in early 1897 after a then-popular comic strip to describe the down market papers of Pulitzer and Hearst , which both published versions of it during a circulation war .

Both were Democratic , both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants ( a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications , which functioned like weekly magazines , going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism .


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Question: While he was in charge , the Examiner gave 24 percent of its space to crime , presenting the stories as morality plays , and put adultery and `` nudity '' ( by 19th century standards ) on the front page .

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Under his leadership , the Examiner devoted 24 percent of its space to crime , presenting the stories as morality plays , and sprinkled adultery and `` nudity '' ( by 19th century standards ) on the front page .

The saturation of coverage triggered a backlash among some critics who argued that such extensive media attention validates the `` missing white woman syndrome '' theory , which argues that missing-person cases involving white women and girls receive disproportionate attention in the media compared with cases involving white males or people of color .


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Question: Also , journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism mostly only happened in New York City , and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not do it .

Moreover , journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism was largely confined to New York City , and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not follow their lead .


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Question: Also , Pulitzer only charged readers two cents per issue but gave readers eight and sometimes 12 pages of information ( the only other two cent paper in the city was never longer than four pages ) .

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In addition , Pulitzer only charged readers two cents per issue but gave readers eight and sometimes 12 pages of information ( the only other two cent paper in the city never exceeded four pages ) .

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Was launched with a circulation of 30 thousand copies and distributed at newsstands around the Brazil , became the first underground magazine to be published in an industrial scale worldwide .


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Question: Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the nation into the Spanish-American War with their sensationalism .

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Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the country into the Spanish-American War with sensationalist stories or outright lying .

The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers about 1900 as they battled for circulation .


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Question: Pulitzer , haunted by what had happened , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .

Pulitzer , haunted by his `` yellow sins , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .

The Chinese government 's forcible put-down hastened his decision to emigrate to the United States , and was the cause of his choice to write in English `` to preserve the integrity of his work . ''


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Question: But while doing these things , the Examiner also increased its space for international news , and sent reporters out to uncover corruption and inefficiency in the city government .

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But while indulging in these stunts , the Examiner also increased its space for international news , and sent reporters out to uncover municipal corruption and inefficiency .

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The Journal and the World were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers , and the stories simply did not make a splash outside New York City .


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Question: The use of `` yellow journalism '' as a term for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting how far `` the Yellow Kid papers '' went .

The use of `` yellow journalism '' as a synonym for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting on the excesses of `` the Yellow Kid papers . ''

Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the country into the Spanish-American War with sensationalist stories or outright lying .


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Question: The entire hospital staff was fired the morning the story was printed .

The entire hospital staff was fired the morning the piece appeared .

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Cleveland police officer Walter Emerick , who took the picture using his cell phone camera , was suspended from duty for eight days for his responsibility in sending the photo to other people , eventually leading to its being leaked on the Internet .


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Question: After noticing what Pulitzer had done by keeping his newspaper at two cents , Hearst made the Journal 's only cost one cent , while providing as much information as rival newspapers .

This drove Hearst ; following Pulitzer 's earlier strategy , he kept the Journal 's price at one cent ( compared to The World 's two cent price ) while providing as much information as rival newspapers .

The New York Press coined the term `` yellow kid journalism '' in early 1897 after a then-popular comic strip to describe the down market papers of Pulitzer and Hearst , which both published versions of it during a circulation war .


Question:
represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words
E.g.
'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "He enjoyed a distinguished career with Liverpool and Aston Villa , and became the Republic of Ireland 's most capped player ."]' == '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'He enjoyed a distinguished career with Liverpool and Aston Villa .']' != '['', 'Gary Michael Stevens ( born in Barrow-in-Furness , Lancashire , England , 27 March 1963 ) is a retired English footballer who is best remembered playing in defense for a successful Everton side of the 1980s , as well as for the England national football team .']'

Question: With the Examiner having success by the early 1890s , Hearst began looking for a New York newspaper to buy , and bought the New York Journal in 1895 , a newspaper that sold for oen penny which Pulitzer 's brother Albert had sold to a Cincinnati publisher the year before .

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With the Examiners success established by the early 1890s , Hearst began looking for a New York newspaper to purchase , and acquired the New York Journal in 1895 , a penny paper which Pulitzer 's brother Albert had sold to a Cincinnati publisher the year before .

Lord Rothermere , then the proprietor , brought in the Daily Mails editor David English , later Sir David who , with a task force of new journalists , redesigned and re-launched The Mail on Sunday .


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Question: Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for writing about how Spain treated Cuba , arguing , '' no true history of the war ... can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish-American war was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists , many of whom lie in unremembered graves . ''

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Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule , arguing , '' no true history of the war ... can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish-American war was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists , many of whom lie in unremembered graves . ''

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The Morning Post remembered him in an article titled `` The Man Who Saved India '' and `` He Did His Duty '' but the Westminster Gazette wrote a contrary opinion , `` No British action , during the whole course of our history in India , has struck a severer blow to Indian faith in British justice than the massacre at Amritsar . ''


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Question: The term was often used to talk about some large New York City newspapers around 1900 as they fought to get more readers than the other newspapers .

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The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers about 1900 as they battled for circulation .

In its heyday , The Herald had a circulation of almost 600,000 , but by the time of its 150th anniversary in 1990 , with the impact of evening television news and a higher proportion of people using cars to get home from work , The Heralds circulation had fallen below 200,000 .


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Question: This worked , and as the Journal 's had 150,000 people subscribe to it , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to make Hearst ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) run out of money .

The approach worked , and as the Journal 's circulation jumped to 150,000 , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to drive his young competitor ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) into bankruptcy .

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Arnold also faced financial ruin , falling Â # 16,000 in debt , with creditors spreading rumors of his insolvency to the point where he took legal action against them .


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Question: Ervin Wardman , publisher of the New York Herald ( which was not `` yellow journalism '' ) came up with the term .

Ervin Wardman , publisher of the sedate New York Herald coined the term .

Pulitzer , haunted by his `` yellow sins , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .


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Question: ChÃ rÃ t is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

ChÃ rÃ t is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

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BeaumÃ is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: A movie theater is sometimes called a cinema .

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A movie theater , cinema , movie house , picture theater , film theater is a venue , usually a building , for viewing motion pictures ( `` movies '' or `` films '' ) .

Page-turners are sometimes acquaintances of the performer or members of the accompanying orchestra doing a favor .


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Question: Attempts have been made to raise sheep there .

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Attempts have been periodically made to raise sheep there .

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It has been introduced in many tropical areas of the world where populations have established themselves .


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Question: The soil is thin , and spray often goes right over the island , so the soil is very salty .

The soil is thin , and spray frequently goes right over the island , ensuring high soil salinity .

Since water does not usually go up to the surface of the sand , the sand on top appears solid and can support leaves and other small debris , making quicksand difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment .


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Question: Burhou ( pronounced bu-ROO ) is a small island approximately northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .

Burhou ( pronounced bu-ROO ) is a small island approximately 1.4 miles ( 2.25 km ) northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .

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Great Bernera , often known just as Bernera is an island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland .


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Question: The island 's animals are mainly birds , although rabbits are long established here .

The island 's animals are mainly of the avian variety , although rabbits are long established here .

Bermuda petrels and cedars , although not actually extinct , are very rare today , as are other species endemic to Bermuda .


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Question: No one lives on Burhou , and it is a bird sanctuary , so landing there is banned from 15 March to 27 July .

It has no permanent residents , and is a bird sanctuary , so landing there is banned from March 15 to July 27 .

They start on the evening of the 28th and carry on until 31 July .


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Question: Piret JÃ rvis ( born February 6 , 1984 in Tallinn , Estonia ) is an Estonian musician , and member of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja .

Piret JÃ rvis ( born 6 February 1984 in Tallinn ) is an Estonian singer , guitarist and songwriter of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja and an indiegroup Disko4000 .

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Peter RenÃ Cipiriano Baumann ( born January 5 , 1968 ) , better known as DJ BoBo , is a successful Swiss singer , songwriter , dancer and music producer .


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Question: North Liberty is a city of Iowa in the United States .

North Liberty is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States .

Magnolia is a city in Harrison County , Iowa in the United States of America .


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Question: In history Nordic countries been very close .

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Several areas have a long and close relationship with and often identify with some or all of the Nordic countries .

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For example, ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Coutances Cathedral ( CathÃ drale Notre-Dame de Coutances ) is a Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral in the town of Coutances , Normandy , France .'] should be similar to ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Coutances Cathedral is the Cathedral in the town of Coutances in Normandy .']

In the following period , it was mainly used by the Kyburger house .


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Question: Nordic countries are a group of countries in the northern Europe . These countries are Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Sweden and Norway .

The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway and Sweden and their associated territories , the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Ã

However it is declining in many areas including the Northern and Western United States , Oceania ( Australia and New Zealand ) , northern Europe ( including Great Britain , Scandinavia and other places ) , France , Germany , the Canadian provinces of Ontario , British Columbia , and Quebec , and parts of Asia ( especially the Middle East , South Korea , Taiwan and Macau ) .


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Question: Scandinavia is not the same thing as Nordic countries even though some people say they are . Scandinavia is a peninsula while the Nordic countries are countries .

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Scandinavia can thus be considered a subset of the Nordic countries .

The lower portions of the Caucasus Mountains are situated in the Greater Middle East area . They are generally perceived to be a dividing line between Asia and Europe , and territories in Caucasia are alternately considered to be in one or both continents .


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Question: Nordic countries have some political co-operation , like the Nordic council .

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Politically , Nordic countries do not form a separate entity , but they co-operate in the Nordic Council .

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Social and cultural aspects of the Brussels Treaty were handed to the Council of Europe to avoid duplication of responsibilities within Europe .


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Question: These countries are Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Sweden and Norway .

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While the term Scandinavia is commonly used for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , the term the Nordic countries is used unambiguously for Denmark , Norway , Sweden , Finland , and Iceland , including their associated territories ( Greenland , the Faroe Islands , and the Ã

Further Kijiji countries and regions are France , Italy , Canada , China , India , Taiwan , Belgium , Switzerland , Austria , and Japan .


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Question: Truex , Jr. won the 2004 and 2005 Nationwide Series .

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Truex won the Nationwide Series Championship in 2004 and 2005 .

In addition to his recordings and performances , Robbins was an avid race car driver , competing in 35 career NASCAR races with six top 10 finishes , including the 1973 Daytona 500 .


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Question: Truex Jr. drives the # 56 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota Camry for Michael Waltrip Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series .

He currently drives the # 56 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota Camry for Michael Waltrip Racing and the # 99 Toyota for Pastrana-Waltrip Racing part-time .

Robert Alan `` Bobby '' Labonte ( born May 8 , 1964 ) is an American race car driver in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series .


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Question: Martin Lee Truex Jr. ( born June 29 , 1980 in Mayetta , New Jersey ) is an American racecar driver .

Martin Lee Truex Jr. ( born June 29 , 1980 ) is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver .

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Kyle Davis Richardson ( born March 2 , 1973 in Farmington , Missouri ) is a former National Football League punter .


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Question: It is the third biggest town of the Rhein-Neckar district . Weinheim and Sinsheim are the two towns that are bigger .

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It is about 7 km ( 5 miles ) south of Heidelberg and the third largest town of the Rhein-Neckar district after Weinheim and Sinsheim .

Bergkamen , a fairly new town in the East part of the Ruhrgebiet and south of the MÃ 1\/4 nsterland , was founded in 1966 by the merging of at first five smaller communities .


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Question: Leimen is a town in the northwestern part of Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg in Germany .

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Leimen is a town in north-west Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg , Germany .

Filderstadt is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg in southern Germany .


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Question: The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government .

The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government , which was concerned with Business .

Alan Stephenson Boyd ( born July 20 , 1922 ) is an American attorney and transportation executive who led several large corporations and also served the U.S. Government in various transportation-related positions . He was the first United States Secretary of Transportation , appointed by Lyndon Johnson .


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Question: The department was administered by the United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor .

The United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor was the head of the department .

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He held this position until 1978 when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution .


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Question: Betty Friedan ( February 4 , 1921 - February 4 , 2006 ) was an American writer , activist and feminist .

Betty Friedan ( February 4 , 1921 - February 4 , 2006 ) was an American writer , activist , and feminist .

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Kenneth Rexroth ( December 22 , 1905 -- June 6 , 1982 ) was an American poet , translator and critical essayist .


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Question: One year later , she became one of the stars of the German biathlon team with three gold medals in the 2007 Biathlon World Championships in Antholz , Italy . In 2008 , she won three other gold medals in the Biathlon World Cup in Ã -- stersund , Sweden , and reached also the first place of the Biathlon World Cup in that year .

One month later , she claimed three gold medals at her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships .

For the 2005 â `` 2006 season , Kim was not old enough to compete at the 2006 Olympics , even if South Korea were granted a spot at the final qualifying competition , the 2005 Karl SchÃ fer Memorial .


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Question: The orbit has very small eccentricity ~ 0.0015 and inclination ~ 0.03 Â relative to the equator of Jupiter .

The orbit has very small eccentricity and inclination -- around 0.0015 and 0.03 Â , respectively . Inclination is relative to the equator of Jupiter .

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E.g. ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The verb license or grant licence means to give permission . The noun license ( American English ) or licence ( English ) refers to that permission as well as to the document recording that permission .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', "In American English spelling there is no difference in spelling between the verb `` to license '' meaning to give permission , and the noun `` a licence '' meaning the permission to do something ."]

Leda belongs to the Himalia group , five moons orbiting between 11 and 13 Gm from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5 Â .


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Question: Adrastea is the smallest and second closest member of the closer moons to Jupiter .

Adrastea is the smallest and second closest member of the inner Jovian satellite family .

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Puck is the largest of small inner moons of Uranus , which orbit inside the orbit of Miranda .


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Question: The Galileo spacecraft was able to see its shape , but the images remain poor .

The Galileo spacecraft was able to determine the moon 's shape in 1998 , but the images remain poor .

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Courage , a very faint arc found during the Voyager flyby , was seen to flare in brightness in 1998 , while more recently it was back to its usual dimness .


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Question: It orbits Jupiter at ~ 129,000 km ( 1.806 Jupiter radii ) within the planet 's Main Ring .

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It orbits Jupiter at a radius of about 129,000 km ( 1.806 Jupiter radii ) at the exterior edge of the planet 's Main Ring .

In 2058 , Cruithne will come within 0.09 AU ( 13.6 million kilometres ) of Mars .


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Question: It was found by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson in Voyager 2 probe photographs taken in 1979 and received the designation ' .

Adrastea was discovered by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson in Voyager 2 probe photographs taken on July 8 , 1979 , and received the designation ' .

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Himalia , the largest irregular satellite of Jupiter , was discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at the Lick Observatory on 3 December 1904 .


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Question: Amalthea 's density implies that moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10-15 % , and Adrastea may be similar .

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Amalthea 's density implies that the moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10 â `` 15 % , and Adrastea may be similar .

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Provided: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The General Assembly was created by the first state constitution adopted in 1818 .']" Match: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The General Assembly was created by the first state constitution which was adopted in 1818 .']"

The original asteroid was not disturbed heavily : the original body is calculated to have been 60 km in diameter , about the same size as PasiphaÃ `` ; PasiphaÃ `` retains 99 % of the original body 's mass. .


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Question: In 1983 , it was named after the mythological Adrastea , who was a daughter of Jupiter and Ananke .

In 1983 , Adrastea was officially named after the Greek nymph Adrastea , the daughter of Zeus and his lover Ananke .

Thus , in later versions of the story the ram is said to have been the offspring of the sea god Poseidon and Themisto ( less often , Nephele or Theophane ) .


Question: What Adrastea is made of and the mass of Adrastea are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea ( ~ 0.86 g\/cm Â ) its mass can be estimated at ~ 2 Ã -- 1015 kg .

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The bulk , composition and mass of Adrastea are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea , around 0.86 g\/cm Â , its mass can be estimated at about 2 kg .

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Mercury 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g\/cm3 , only slightly less than Earthâ s density of 5.515 g\/cm3 .


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Question: The dictator Adolf Hitler used the word FÃ 1\/4 hrer for his title FÃ 1\/4 hrer and Reichskanzler of the Third Reich .

Examples include BergfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( mountain guide ) , FremdenfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( tourist guide ) , GeschÃ ftsfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( CEO or EO ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerschein ( driver 's license ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerstand or FÃ 1\/4 hrerhaus ( driver 's cab ) , Lok ( omotiv ) fÃ 1\/4 hrer ( train driver ) , ReisefÃ 1\/4 hrer ( travel guide book ) , and SpielfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( team captain â `` also referred to as MannschaftskapitÃ n ) .

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The term Wehrmacht is in Article 47 of the 1919 Weimar Constitution , establishing that : Der ReichsprÃ sident hat den Oberbefehl Ã 1\/4 ber die gesamte Wehrmacht des Reiches ( â The National President holds supreme command of all armed forces of the nationâ ) .


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Question: FÃ 1\/4 hrer is German for leader .

Combining it with `` FÃ 1\/4 hrer '' , he used the style FÃ 1\/4 hrer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht ( `` Leader and Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht '' ) , yet a simple `` FÃ 1\/4 hrer '' since May 1942 .


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Question: The word FÃ 1\/4 hrer is most time used for the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler during the time of the Third Reich . The dictator Adolf Hitler used the word FÃ 1\/4 hrer for his title FÃ 1\/4 hrer and Reichskanzler of the Third Reich .

In Germany the isolated word FÃ 1\/4 hrer is usually avoided in political contexts , due to its intimate connection with Nazi institutions and with Hitler personally .

Examples include BergfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( mountain guide ) , FremdenfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( tourist guide ) , GeschÃ ftsfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( CEO or EO ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerschein ( driver 's license ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerstand or FÃ 1\/4 hrerhaus ( driver 's cab ) , Lok ( omotiv ) fÃ 1\/4 hrer ( train driver ) , ReisefÃ 1\/4 hrer ( travel guide book ) , and SpielfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( team captain â `` also referred to as MannschaftskapitÃ n ) .


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Question: A gas is one of the four most common states of matter .

Gas is one of the three classical states of matter .

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Mixtures of two or more elements in which the major component is a metal are known as alloys .


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Question: Gases can be pure , where each molecule is made of individual atoms , elemental , where each molecule is made of more than one of the same atom bound together , or compounds where molecules are made of many types of atoms together . An example of a pure gas is Neon , an example of an elemental gas is Hydrogen and an example of a compound gas could be Carbon Dioxide .

A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms ( e.g. a noble gas or atomic gas like neon ) , elemental molecules made from one type of atom ( e.g. oxygen ) , or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms ( e.g. carbon dioxide ) .

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Carbon atoms may have different numbers of neutrons ; atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes of the element .


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Question: Bure is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

Bure is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

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Fahy is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .


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Question: British Rail 's Class 01 diesel locomotives were a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance .

The British Rail Class 01 diesel locomotive was a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance .

In the early planning stages of the line an articulated type of rolling stock was considered but the idea was dropped because of difficulties in transferring the stock to Acton Works for heavy overhauls .