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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Maurizio Giuliano was born on 24 February 1975 in Milan , Italy , with a lawyer as a father and a housewife as a mother .'] it matches with ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Maurizio Giuliano was born on 24 February 1975 , with a lawyer as a father and a housewife as a mother .'] but not with ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Born in Atami , a seaside town close to Tokyo , Japan , Uchida moved to Vienna , Austria , with her diplomat parents when she was twelve years old , after her father was named the Japanese ambassador to Austria .']

Question: Its headquarters are in Paris , in the Rue du Commandant Mouchotte .

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Its headquarters are in the 14th arrondissement of Paris , in the Rue du Commandant Mouchotte .

On May 1 , 1946 , the Parisian mÃ tro station `` Vallier '' was renamed Louise Michel . See : Louise Michel ( Paris Metro ) .


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Question: SNCF ( SociÃ tÃ Nationale des Chemins de fer FranÃ ais ) ( French National Railway Company ) is a French public enterprise .

The SNCF ( SociÃ tÃ Nationale des Chemins de fer franÃ ais ; `` French National Railway Corporation '' ) , is France 's national state-owned railway company .

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The thÃ Ã cents tre national de l'Op Ã ra-Comique ( National OpÃ ra Comic Theatre ) is an opera company and opera house in Paris .


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Question: The rail network consists of about 32,000 km of route , of which 1,800 km is high-speed line and 14,500 km is electrified .

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The rail network consists of about 32,000 km ( 20,000 mi ) of route , of which 1,800 km ( 1,100 mi ) are high-speed lines and 14,500 km ( 9,000 mi ) electrified .

The total length is 2285 k , of which 485 k lie within Russia , 595 k within Belarus , and 1095 k within Ukraine .


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Question: Azuga is a town in the mountains of Prahova County in the Wallachian area of Romania .

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Azuga is a small resort town nestled in the mountains of Prahova county in the Wallachian region of Romania .

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Frasin is a town located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: Azuga is found at the base of the Bucegi Mountains .

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Azuga is located at the foot of the Bucegi mountains , and contains the longest ski run in Romania , the Sorica - together with other ski slopes . The town also had a famous beer factory that brewed Azuga Beer ( now produced elsewhere in Romania under license ) .

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Its northern end is just to the west of the Ottawa River .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.

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"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Kane started his ice hockey career with the Cazenovia Chiefs , A team in his hometown of Buffalo .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Kane attended the St. Martin of Tours school , started playing for the Cazenovia Chiefs in his hometown of Buffalo , New York .']" != "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Platov currently coaches at the Princeton Sports Center in Monmouth Junction , New Jersey .']"

Question: Treviso is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy .

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The Province of Treviso ( Provincia di Treviso ) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy .

The Province of Udine is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy , bordering Austria and Slovenia .


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Question: AnhÃ e is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .

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AnhÃ e is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .

Gesves is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .


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Question: Jermaine Pennant ( born 15 January 1983 ) is an English football player .

Jermaine Lloyd Pennant ( born 15 January 1983 ) is a footballer who plays for Stoke City in the Premier League .

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Robert Earnshaw ( born on 6 April 1981 ) is a Wales international football player .


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Question: Skegness is a town on the A52 road and A158 road in Lincolnshire , England . In 2001 there were 18,910 people living in Skegness .

The resort is served primarily by three local newspapers - the Skegness Standard , Skegness Citizen and Skegness Target .

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Midhurst ( ; Sussex dialect : Medhas ) is a market town and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex , England , with a population of 4,889 in 2001 .


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Duval County 's seat is Jacksonville .

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Its county seat is Jacksonville , with which the Duval County government has been consolidated since 1968 .

It is located in Kansas City , Missouri .


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Question: Duval County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida , and was formed on August 12 , 1822 .

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Duval County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida .

Lake City is a city in Calhoun County , Iowa , United States , founded in 1856 .


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Question: As of 2000 , the population is 11,667 .

As of 2000 , the population was 11,667 .

Suburban area is 99.69 square kilometers , suburban population is 35,823 .


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Question: Zelda II : The Adventure of Link is an adventure-role-playing video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console .

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Zelda II : The Adventure of Link , released as The Legend of Zelda 2 : Link no BÅ ken in Japan , is an action adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System , and it is the second installment in The Legend of Zelda video game series .

Harvest Moon 64 is a farm simulation video game developed by Victor Interactive Software and published by Natsume Co. , Ltd for the Nintendo 64 video game console , and the third game in the Harvest Moon series .


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Question: He pleaded not guilty and apologized for the trouble he caused but pleaded guilty to noncriminal disorderly conduct charges .

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He pleaded not guilty .

He was convicted of 11 federal offenses and sentenced to death .


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Question: He also played for the West Seneca Wings , Buffalo Regals , and Depew Saints .

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He played for the West Seneca Wings , Buffalo Regals , and Depew Saints .

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Teams that participated in the inaugural season were the Philippine Patriots , Thailand Tigers , SM BritAma , Kuala Lumpur Dragons , Brunei Barracudas and former National Basketball League ( Australia ) team the Singapore Slingers .


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Question: He lived with former NHL player Pat Verbeek when he moved to Michigan at the age of fourteen while he played for the Honeybaked AAA hockey club .

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Kane relocated to Michigan where he lived with former NHL player , Pat Verbeek , having been convinced to play for the Honeybaked AAA hockey club in Detroit .

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Thomas Patrick Barrasso ( born March 31 , 1965 ) is a retired American professional ice hockey goaltender who played 18 seasons for the Buffalo Sabres , Pittsburgh Penguins , Ottawa Senators , Carolina Hurricanes , Toronto Maple Leafs , and St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League , and the only goalie to ever play in the NHL directly from high school , without having played major junior , college , or some other form of professional hockey first .


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Question: Patrick Kane ( born November 19 , 1988 in Buffalo , New York ) is an NHL ice hockey right winger for the Chicago Blackhawks .

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Patrick Timothy Kane Jr. ( born November 19 , 1988 ) is an American professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .

Alexander Sulzer ( born May 30 , 1984 in Kaufbeuren , West Germany ) is a German professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


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Question: He was the first overall pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft .

The Blackhawks selected him with the first overall pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft .

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Rondo was drafted 21st overall by the Phoenix Suns in the 2006 NBA Draft .


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Question: Kane started his ice hockey career with the Cazenovia Chiefs , A team in his hometown of Buffalo .

Kane attended the St. Martin of Tours school , started playing for the Cazenovia Chiefs in his hometown of Buffalo , New York .

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Platov currently coaches at the Princeton Sports Center in Monmouth Junction , New Jersey .


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Question: Kane and his cousin were charged with second-degree robbery , fourth-degree criminal mischief , and theft of services .

Kane was charged with second-degree robbery , fourth-degree criminal mischief , and theft of services .

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In many jurisdictions in the U.S. , burglary occurring at night is punished more severely than burglary occurring at other time . In California , for example , nighttime burglary was punished as burglary in the first degree , while daytime burglary was punished as burglary in the second degree .


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Question: Abzac , Gironde is a commune .

Abzac is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .

Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


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Question: In the Austrian portion , Poles became the second nationality and were allowed representation in Parliament and to form their own universities , and KrakÃ w and Lvov became centers of Polish education .

In the Austrian portion , Poles fared better , and were allowed to have representation in Parliament and to form their own universities , and KrakÃ w and Lemberg ( LwÃ w\/Lviv ) became centers of Polish culture and education .

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Within the First Republic of Czechoslovakia , BruntÃ l belonged to the towns with significant preponderance of German inhabitants , only a very small Czech minority lived in BruntÃ l at that times .


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Question: As a result of Partitions , Poles were forced to seek a change of status quo in Europe .

As a result of the Partitions , Poles were forced to seek a change of status quo in Europe .

However , its territory did not only grow because of its success in warfare , but it also thrived in times of peace .


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Question: In 1730 Commonwealth 's neighbors , namely Prussia , Austria and Russia , signed a secret agreement in order to maintain the status quo : specifically , to ensure that the Commonwealth laws would not change .

In 1730 the neighbors of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( Rzeczpospolita ) , namely Prussia , Austria and Russia , signed a secret agreement in order to maintain the status quo : specifically , to ensure that the Commonwealth laws would not change .

Nonetheless , he knew that the treaty , and in particular the issue of partition , would not be well received in Ireland .


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Question: Kosciuszko 's ragtag insurgent armies won some initial successes , but they eventually fell before the superior forces of Russian Empire .

Kosciuszko 's ragtag insurgent armies won some initial successes , but they eventually fell before the superior forces of the Russian Empire .

Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians , and the resulting reaction among some of Poland 's Roman Catholics , as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth 's domestic affairs , led to the War of the Confederation of Bar from 1768 â `` 1772 , where the Poles tried to expel Russian forces from Commonwealth territory . The irregular and poorly commanded Polish forces had little chance in the face of the regular Russian army and suffered a major defeat .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

E.g. "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Johnson is the daughter of Doug and Teri Johnson .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Johnson was born in Des Moines , Iowa , the only child of Doug and Teri Johnson .']" != "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'Bennett , a daughter of Earl Bennett ( an employee at the Dow Chemical Company ) , had three children with Dow : Michael Lloyd Dow , Mary Lloyd Dow , and Barbara Alden Dow .']"

Question: It would take the World War I , with the Central Powers losing to the Western Allies , the chaos of the Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Versailles to restore Poland 's independence after 123 years .

After the end of World War I , the Central Powers ' surrender to the Western Allies , the chaos of the Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Versailles finally allowed and helped the restoration of Poland 's full independence after 123 years .

The demise of this empire , which had ruled much of western Europe for more than 200 years , was followed by a long period during which no strong central government existed in most of Europe .


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Question: Some , particularly older historians from countries that carried out the partitions , such as 19th century Russian scholar Sergey Solovyov argued that partitions were justified , as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had degenerated to the point of being partitioned because of the counterproductive principle of liberum veto that made decision-making on divisive issues , such as a wide-scale social reform , virtually impossible .

19th century historians from countries that carried out the partitions , such as 19th century Russian scholar Sergey Solovyov , and their 20th century followers , argued that partitions were justified , as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had degenerated to the point of being partitioned because the counterproductive principle of liberum veto made decision-making on divisive issues , such as a wide-scale social reform , virtually impossible .

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On the other hand , communes disrupted the order of medieval society ; the methods the commune used , eye for an eye , violence begets violence , were generally not acceptable to Church or King .


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Question: Other old historians who challenged such justifications for the Partitions included French historian Jules Michelet , British historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay , 1st Baron Macaulay , and Edmund Burke .

Other older historians who challenged such justifications for the Partitions included French historian Jules Michelet , British historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay , 1st Baron Macaulay , and Edmund Burke .

His maternal grandparents were Furugh Afnan and Cecil Fadlo Hourani , who was an advisor to the late Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba , as well as an author ; Cecil Hourani is also the brother of Albert Hourani , a major historian of the Middle East .


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Question: Nonetheless other 19th century contemporaries were much more sceptical ; for example , British jurist Sir Robert Phillimore discussed the partition as a violation of international law ; German jurist Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim presented similar views .

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Nonetheless other 19th century contemporaries were much more skeptical ; for example , British jurist Sir Robert Phillimore discussed the partition as a violation of international law ; German jurist Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim presented similar views .

This was not due to a negation of the relationship between the two philosophers , however , but rather was the result of a suggested censorship by Heidegger 's publisher who feared that the book might otherwise be banned by the Nazi regime .


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Question: Through levying enormous custom duties , Prussia accelerated the inevitable collapse of the Commonwealth ( EB . )

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Through levying enormous customs duties , Prussia accelerated the collapse of the Commonwealth .

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Its existence was both part of and the result of the `` March Revolution '' in the states of the German Confederation .


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Question: On 24 October 1795 their representatives signed a treaty , dividing the remaining territories of the Commonwealth between their three countries .

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On 24 October 1795 their representatives signed a treaty , dividing the remaining territories of the Commonwealth among their three countries .

As part of the Treaty of Versailles ( 1757 ) between Austria and France it was intended that Phillip would become King of the Southern Netherlands , in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country â `` however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Phillip continued in Parma .


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Question: Polish revolutionaries participated in uprisings in Prussia , Austrian Empire and Imperial Russia Polish legions fought alongside Napoleon and under the slogan of For our freedom and yours participated widely in the Spring of Nations ( particularly Hungarian Revolution ( 1848 ) ) .

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Polish revolutionaries participated in uprisings in Prussia , the Austrian Empire and Imperial Russia Polish legions fought alongside Napoleon and under the slogan of For our freedom and yours participated widely in the Spring of Nations ( particularly Hungarian Revolution ( 1848 ) ) .

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19th Century In 1807 SuwaÅ ki became part of the newly formed Duchy of Warsaw and one of the centres of the department of Å omÅ 1\/4 a. After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Congress of Vienna , the area was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland .


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Question: Polish poets , politicians , noblemen , writers , artists , many of whom were forced to emigrate ( thus the term Great Emigration ) became the revolutionaries of 19th century , as desire for freedom and liberty became one of the defining parts of Polish romanticism .

Polish poets , politicians , noblemen , writers , artists , many of whom were forced to emigrate ( thus the term Great Emigration ) became the revolutionaries of the 19th century , as desire for freedom and liberty became one of the defining parts of Polish romanticism .

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It was only later , during the events leading up to France 's 1848 Revolution , that he would begin to rebel against his Catholic Royalist education and instead champion Republicanism and Freethought .


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Question: On September 18 , 1773 , the Committee formally signed the treaty of cession , renouncing all claims of the Commonwealth to the occupied territories .

The so-called Partition Sejm , with Russian military forces threatening the opposition , on September 18 , 1773 , signed the treaty of cession , renouncing all claims of the Commonwealth to the occupied territories .

This irregularity in the boundary is the result of territorial disputes in the late 17th century , culminating with New York giving up its claim to the area , whose residents considered themselves part of Connecticut , in exchange for an equivalent area extending northwards from Ridgefield to the Massachusetts border as well as undisputed claim to Rye , New York .


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Question: In the War in Defense of the Constitution , pro-Russian conservative Polish magnates , the Confederation of Targowica , fought against the Polish forces supporting the constitution , believing that Russians would help them restore the Golden Liberty .

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In the War in Defense of the Constitution , pro-Russian conservative Polish magnates , the Confederation of Targowica , fought against Polish forces supporting the constitution , believing that Russians would help them restore the Golden Liberty .

In 1793 , deputies to the Grodno Sejm , last Sejm of the Commonwealth , in the presence of the Russian forces , agreed to Russian territorial demands .


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Question: As historian Norman Davies stated , because of the observance of the balance of power equilibrium , many contemporary observers accepted explanations of the `` enlightened apologists '' of the partitioning state .

As historian Norman Davies stated , because the balance of power equilibrium was observed , many contemporary observers accepted explanations of the `` enlightened apologists '' of the partitioning state .

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In 1815 at the Congress of Vienna the Final Act only recognized 39 sovereign states in the European diplomatic system , and as a result it was firmly established that in future new states would have to be recognized by other states , and that meant in practice recognition by one or more of the great powers .


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Question: The Poles tried to expel foreign forces in an uprising ( the Confederation of Bar , 1768 â `` 1772 ) , but the irregular and poorly commanded forces had litte chance in the face of the regular Russian army and suffered a defeat .

Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians , and the resulting reaction among some of Poland 's Roman Catholics , as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth 's domestic affairs , led to the War of the Confederation of Bar from 1768 â `` 1772 , where the Poles tried to expel Russian forces from Commonwealth territory . The irregular and poorly commanded Polish forces had little chance in the face of the regular Russian army and suffered a major defeat .

In 1799 , this bridge witnessed one of the most dramatic battles of Suvorov 's Italian and Swiss expedition which took place during the Napoleonic Wars . During this battle the bridge was heavily damaged by the retreating French army .


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Question: The conditions of the Pact were such that the succeeding and final two partitions of Poland were inevitable .

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The conditions of the Pact contributed greatly to the succeeding and final two partitions of Poland .

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In the session of the League of Nations on December 15 , 1928 in Lugano Stresemann formulated a furious charge against Poland because of these crimes which were well known to the League of Nations .


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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In all , Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs . He hit .387 with five home runs and had 13 stolen bases .'] it matches with ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In all , Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs , hitting .387 with five home runs , and registering 13 stolen bases .'] but not with ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'Limited by injuries , in 22 games he had 91 rushes for 534 yards and 4 touchdowns , as well as 23 kickoff returns averaging 22.8 yards .']

Question: Thus one could characterise Poland-Lithuania in its final period ( mid-18th century ) , prior to the partitions as already not a completely sovereign state : it could be seen almost as a vassal , or in modern terms , a Russian satellite state , with Russian tsars effectively choosing Polish kings .

Thus , one could characterise Poland-Lithuania in its final period ( mid-18th century ) , prior to the partitions as already not a completely sovereign state : it could be seen almost as a vassal state , or in modern terms , a Russian satellite state , with Russian tsars effectively choosing Polish kings .

Later , it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms ( i.e. the lack of dependence on any higher ruler ) , without claiming the overall caliphate , or it was used to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate .


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Question: The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .

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The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polishâ `` Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polishâ `` Lithuanian Commonwealth .

The governorate was created in 1795 out of the territory of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia that was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the province of Courland with its capital at Jelgava ( called Mitau at the time ) , following the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .


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Question: A single MP 's belief that a measure was injurious to his own constituency ( usually simply his own estate ) , even after the act had already been approved , became sufficient to strike the act .

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A single member of parliament 's belief that a measure was injurious to his own constituency ( usually simply his own estate ) , even after the act had already been approved , became sufficient to strike the act .

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This power , although evidently envisaged as a temporary measure ( `` during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides '' ) , has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years .


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Question: Prussia took Ermland ( Warmia ) , Royal Prussia without the city of Danzig ( GdaÅ sk ) ( which in 1773 became a new province called West Prussia ) , northern areas of Greater Poland along the NoteÄ River ( the Netze District ) , and parts of Kuyavia ( including the city of Thorn ( ToruÅ ) ) .

Frederick II of Prussia was elated with his success ; Prussia took most of the Polish Royal Prussia that stood between its possessions in the Kingdom of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg , taking Ermland ( Warmia ) , Royal Prussia without the city of Danzig ( GdaÅ sk ) ( which in 1773 became a new province called West Prussia ) , northern areas of Greater Poland along the NoteÄ River ( the Netze District ) , and parts of Kuyavia , ( also the Prussian city of Thorn ( ToruÅ ) ) .

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The status of a powiat capital was briefly withdrawn , but it was reintroduced on January 16 , 1816 , when the AugustÃ w Voivodeship was created and its government was gradually moved to SuwaÅ ki .


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Question: Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians ( those demands were the official `` cover '' for the pro-dependence `` reforms '' ) , and the resulting reaction among some of Poland 's intolerant Roman Catholic , as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth 's domestic affairs , led to the War of the Confederation of Bar with Russia from 1768 to 1772 .

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Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians , and the resulting reaction among some of Poland 's Roman Catholics , as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth 's domestic affairs , led to the War of the Confederation of Bar from 1768 â `` 1772 , where the Poles tried to expel Russian forces from Commonwealth territory .

The term `` Armenian Question '' as used in European history , became common place among diplomatic circles and in the popular press after the Congress of Berlin ; that in like Eastern Question , refers to powers of Europe 's involvement to the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 .


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Question: The Commonwealth had been forced to rely on Russia for protection against the rising Kingdom of Prussia , while Prussia was demanding a slice of the northwest in order to unite its Western and Eastern portions , although this would only leave the Commonwealth with a Baltic coast in Latvia and Lithuania .

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The Commonwealth had been forced to rely on Russia for protection against the rising Kingdom of Prussia , while Prussia was demanding a slice of the northwest in order to unite its Western and Eastern portions , although this would leave the Commonwealth with a Baltic coast only in Latvia and Lithuania .

He was firmly against both liberalisation and unification of Germany , preferring to allow Austria to remain the principal power in the German states .


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Question: Napoleon set up the Duchy of Warsaw in a smaller area of Poland , but after his defeat and the implementation of the Congress of Vienna program , things became even worse for Poles than before .

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Poland would be briefly resurrectedâ '' if in a smaller frameâ '' in 1807 , when Napoleon set up the Duchy of Warsaw . After his defeat and the implementation of the Congress of Vienna treaty in 1815 , the Russian-dominated Congress Kingdom of Poland was created in its place .

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Repnin also demanded religious freedom for the Protestant and Orthodox Christians , and the resulting reaction among some of Poland 's Roman Catholics , as well as the deep resentment of Russian intervention in the Commonwealth 's domestic affairs , led to the War of the Confederation of Bar from 1768 â `` 1772 , where the Poles tried to expel Russian forces from Commonwealth territory . The irregular and poorly commanded Polish forces had little chance in the face of the regular Russian army and suffered a major defeat .


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Question: The partitions were carried out by Prussia , Russia and Habsburg Austria dividing up the Commonwealth lands among themselves .

The partitions were carried out by the Russian Empire , Kingdom of Prussia , and Habsburg Austria dividing up the Commonwealth lands among themselves .

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For example, ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Matching folds are still evident on the two pages , suggesting it could be the copy that eyewitnesses say Lincoln took from his coat pocket and read at the ceremony .'] should be similar to ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Matching folds can still be seen on the two pages , suggesting it could be the copy that eyewitnesses say Lincoln took from his coat pocket and read at the ceremony .']

For instance , normally the Dutch Republic or Seven United Netherlands are included as they were part of the possessions of the King of Spain , governed by Spanish officials , and defended by Spanish troops .


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Question: In 1793 , deputies to the Grodno Sejm in Grodno , last Sejm of the Commonwealth , in the presence of the Russian forces , agreed to Russian territorial demands .

In 1793 , deputies to the Grodno Sejm , last Sejm of the Commonwealth , in the presence of the Russian forces , agreed to Russian territorial demands .

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In the War in Defense of the Constitution , pro-Russian conservative Polish magnates , the Confederation of Targowica , fought against Polish forces supporting the constitution , believing that Russians would help them restore the Golden Liberty .


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Question: Russia gained a larger share of Poland and , after crushing an insurrection in 1831 , the Congress Kingdom of Poland 's autonomy was abolished and Poles faced confiscation of property , deportation , forced military service , and the closure of their own universities .

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After the Congress , Russia gained a larger share of Poland ( with Warsaw ) and , after crushing an insurrection in 1831 , the Congress Kingdom 's autonomy was abolished and Poles faced confiscation of property , deportation , forced military service , and the closure of their own universities .

In 1862 , when Fiume was implicated in participation in protests against the Austrian Empire , he was suspended and sentenced to one month in prison as an enemy of the regime .


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Question: By this `` diplomatic document '' Russia came into possession of that section of Livonia which had still remained in Commonwealth control , and of Belarus embracing the counties of Vitebsk , Polotsk and Mstislavl .

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By this `` diplomatic document '' Russia came into possession of that section of Livonia that had remained in Commonwealth control , and of Belarus embracing the counties of Vitebsk , Polotsk and Mstislavl .

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In 1835 the government of Tsar Nicholas I decided not to move the capital of the voivodeship to AugustÃ w. Two years later the Voivodeships of Poland were re-designated as gubernias and the town became the capital of the AugustÃ w Gubernia .


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Question: Meanwhile , Prussia Germanized the entire school system of its Polish subjects and had no more respect for Polish culture and institutions than Russia had .

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Meanwhile , Prussia Germanized the entire school system of its Polish subjects , and had no more respect for Polish culture and institutions than the Russian Empire .

It has been a juncture between the Latin and Greek bodies of the Roman Empire , the destination of a massive influx of pagan Slavs , an area where Orthodox and Catholic Christianity met , as well as the meeting point between Islam and Christianity .


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Question: On February 19 , 1772 , the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna .

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In February , 1772 , the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna .

On December 30 , 1922 , the Congress adopted a Declaration and Agreement on the establishment of the USSR .


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Question: After the rising of 1863 , Russification of Polish secondary schools was imposed and literacy rate dropped dramatically .

After the uprising of 1863 , Russification of Polish secondary schools was imposed and the literacy rate dropped dramatically .

The townspeople won this debate , and law was introduced in 1857 , and medicine and engineering in the 1860s .


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Question: Once again Poland dared to reform and improve itself without Russia 's permission , and once again the Empress was angered ; arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism then at high tide in France , Russian forces invaded the Commonwealth in 1792 ( EB . )

Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism then at high tide in France , Russian forces invaded the Commonwealth in 1792 .

As an aged man , he equated Serbs with the `` Slavoserb breed '' and mocked them for defeats they suffered long ago - which provoked negative reactions even within his `` Party of Rights '' .


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Question: On August 5 , 1772 , the occupation manifesto was issued ; much to the consternation of a country too exhausted by the endeavors of the Confederation of Bar to offer further resistance .

On August 5 , 1772 , the occupation manifesto was issued , much to the consternation of a country too exhausted by the endeavors of the Confederation of Bar to offer successful resistance ; nonetheless several battles and sieges took place , as Polish troops refused to lay down their arms ( most notably , in Tyniec , CzÄ stochowa and KrakÃ w ) .

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In 1755 , Arnold , attracted by the sound of a drummer , attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service against the French , but his mother refused permission .


Question: During the reign of WÅ adysÅ aw IV ( 1632-48 ) , the liberum veto had evolved .

During the reign of WÅ adysÅ aw IV ( 1632 â `` 48 ) , the liberum veto had evolved .

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For example, ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Long GRB afterglow observations at high redshift are also consistent with the GRB having originated in star-forming regions .'] should be similar to ['Represent the following document', 'Long GRB afterglow observations at high redshift ( great distances ) also suggest GRBs originate in star-forming regions .']

After a brief occupation by the forces of the Bishop of MÃ 1\/4 nster ( 1672 â `` 74 ) , Overijssel received a new form of government which granted the stadtholders more power .


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Question: The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is a term used in history .

The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polishâ `` Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polishâ `` Lithuanian Commonwealth . The partitions were carried out by the Russian Empire , Kingdom of Prussia , and Habsburg Austria dividing up the Commonwealth lands among themselves .

The Romanian expression RomÃ cents nia Mare ( literal translation `` Great Romania '' , but more commonly rendered `` Greater Romania '' ) generally refers to the Romanian state in the interwar period , and by extension , to the territory Romania covered at the time .


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Question: The Russian part included 120,000 kmÂ and 1.2 million people with Wilno , the Prussian part 55,000 kmÂ and 1 million people with Warsaw , and the Austrian 47,000 kmÂ with 1.2 million and Lublin and KrakÃ w.

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The Russian part included 120,000 kmÂ and 1.2 million people with Vilnius ( Wilno ) , the Prussian part ( new provinces of New East Prussia and New Silesia ) 55,000 kmÂ and 1 million people with Warsaw , and the Austrian 47,000 kmÂ with 1.2 million and Lublin and KrakÃ w.

After the unification the city 's population declined from over 100,000 in 1989 to roughly 75,000 in 2005 through emigration .


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Question: It recently became a town in 2004 .

It has been declared a town only recently , in 2004 , and it contains , beside the main town of Dolhasca , another seven villages .

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Transportation was eventually abolished in 1868 .


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Question: Planzolles is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Planzolles is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .

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Vagnas is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


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Question: The 1978 Formula One season crowned as champion Mario Andretti .

Mario Andretti was the season Champion and the last American to date to win a Formula One race .

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South Africa produced Formula One motor racing 's 1979 world champion Jody Scheckter .


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Question: The entire fleet was operated by South West Trains up until February 2007 , when the Class 442 services were replaced .

The entire fleet was operated by South West Trains up until February 2007 , when the Class 442 services were replaced by Class 444 and Class 450 Desiros .

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The Mark 3 bodyshell was also the basis of Class 318 , Class 455 , and the diesel Class 150 .


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Question: The British Rail Class 442 Wessex Electric ( or 5WES ) electrical multiple units , were introduced in 1988 on the South Western Main Line from London Waterloo to Southampton Central , Bournemouth , Poole and Weymouth .

The British Rail Class 442 Wessex Electric ( or 5WES ) electrical multiple units were introduced in 1988 on the South Western Main Line from London Waterloo to Southampton Central , Bournemouth , Poole and Weymouth .

It is the central London railway terminus for suburban First Capital Connect services from Hertford , Welwyn Garden City and Letchworth and was , until March 2009 , a terminus for trains on the Thameslink line , also run by First Capital Connect .


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Question: Twenty-four of these 5-car units were built between 1988-89 by BREL at their Derby works .

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Twenty-four of these 5-car units were built in 1988\/89 by BREL at its Derby works .

11001 was one of the first British Railways diesel locomotives , built in 1949 at British Railways ' Ashford Works .


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Question: PokÃ mon Snap is a first person rail shooter made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 game console . It is about a PokÃ mon photographer who has to take pictures of all the PokÃ mon on an island .

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Nintendo displayed PokÃ mon Snap at a PokÃ mon event called `` Pokemon League Summer Training Tour '' .

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The exception to this concept is PokÃ mon Yellow , where players are given a Pikachu , the Electric-type mouse PokÃ mon famous for being the mascot of the PokÃ mon media franchise , who walks along behind them .


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Question: It is about a PokÃ mon photographer who has to take pictures of all the PokÃ mon on an island .

After completing a course , the player selects their best picture of each PokÃ mon to be rated by Professor Oak and added to the PokÃ mon Report . Scoring takes into account various aspects of the pictures , such as the PokÃ mon 's size , its pose , and keeping the PokÃ mon in frame .

In PokÃ mon Gold and Silver it is a means to evolve several PokÃ mon with the focus on taking care of the PokÃ mon , rather than merely worrying about it leveling up .


Question: It only features about 63 of the 151 PokÃ mon that existed at the time the game was made .

The game features 63 of the original generation of 151 PokÃ mon. .

The PokÃ mon anime series and films are a meta-series of adventures separate from the canon that most of the PokÃ mon video games follow ( with the exception of PokÃ mon Yellow , a game based loosely on the anime storyline ) .


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represent the input

For instance you may be given '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'When they return to the mortal world , they send off Clarisse on an airplane to camp alone , and Percy , Annabeth , Grover , and Tyson are kidnapped by Luke .']' and it should match with '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'When they return to the mortal world , they send Clarisse on an airplane with the Fleece to camp . Percy , Annabeth , Grover , and Tyson are kidnapped by Luke .']' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Luke is shocked back into his normal self when Annabeth helps him remember his promise of family to Annabeth , as he brutally smashes her across the throne room .']'.

Question: PokÃ mon Snap is a first person rail shooter made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 game console .

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PokÃ mon Snap was originally revealed as a Nintendo 64DD game . It was developed by HAL Laboratory and Pax Softnica , and published by Nintendo .

Link 's Crossbow Training , known in Japan as Link 's Bowgun Training , is a shooting video game published and developed by Nintendo for the Wii video game console .


Question: JaromÃ r BlaÅ 3\/4 ek ( born 29 December 1972 ) is a Czech football player . He plays for Sparta Prague .

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JaromÃ r BlaÅ 3\/4 ek ( born 29 December 1972 in Brno ) is a Czech football goalkeeper who currently plays for Sparta Prague in the Gambrinus liga .

TomÃ Å RosickÃ 1\/2 ( ; born 4 October 1980 in Prague ) is a Czech footballer who plays for Arsenal and is captain of the Czech national team .


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Question: Natalie Hershlag ( born June 9 , 1981 ) is an Israeli-American actress . She is usually known by her stage name Natalie Portman .

Natalie Hershlag ( ; born June 9 , 1981 ) , better known by her stage name Natalie Portman , is an Israeli and American actress .

Sally Kirkland ( born October 31 , 1941 ) is an American film and television actress .


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Question: To accommodate Grand Prix racing , the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps race course was built in 1921 but it was only used for motorcycle racing until 1924 .

To accommodate Grand Prix motor racing , the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps race course was built in 1921 but it was only used for motorcycle racing until 1924 .

The first season was planned for 12 rounds ( 24 races , with two each weekend ) ; however the cancellation of a race scheduled for Curitiba , Brazil in January 2006 reduced this number to 11 .


Question: The first national race of Belgium was held in 1925 at the Spa region 's race course , an area of the country that had been associated with motor sport since the very early years of racing before the turn of the century .

The first national race of Belgium was held in 1925 at the Spa region 's race course , an area of the country that had been associated with motor sport since the very early years of racing .

Construction also coincided with the Olympic Games scheduled to take place in Barcelona , the next year , where the circuit acted as the start and finish line for the road team time trial cycling event .


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Question: Znojmo is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic , near the border with Lower Austria .

Znojmo is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic , near the border with Lower Austria , connected to Vienna by railway and road ( 80 minutes ) .

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Leonding is a city situated to the southwest of Linz , Austria in the state of Upper Austria .


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Question: The Renault Koleos ist the second SUV from Renault after the Renault ScÃ nic RX4 . It was first presented on the Geneva Motorshow in the year 2000 , then on the `` Autosalon Paris '' 2006 .

The Renault Koleos is a compact SUV which was first presented as a concept car at the 2006 Mondial de l'Automobile in Paris ( with first concept demonstrated on 2000 Geneva Motorshow ) .

The Fiat DoblÃ is a panel van and leisure activity vehicle produced by Italian automaker Fiat since 2000 , it was unveiled at the Paris Motor Show in 2000 .


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Question: He is considered to be the most important sculptor of the Spanish Renaissance , and is known for his emotive sculptures , which had religious meanings .

He is considered to be the most important sculptor of the Spanish Renaissance , and is known for his emotive sculptures depicting religious ecstasy or torment .

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During the Counter-Reformation the Roman Catholic Church searched for religious art with which to counter the threat of Protestantism , and for this task the artificial conventions of Mannerism , which had ruled art for almost a century , no longer seemed adequate .


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Question: Alonso GonzÃ lez de Berruguete , or ( Alonso Berruguete ) ( 1488 - 1561 ) was a Spanish painter , sculptor and architect .

Alonso GonzÃ lez de Berruguete ( Alonso Berruguete ) ( c. 1488 -- 1561 ) was a Spanish painter , sculptor and architect .

Diego VelÃ zquez de CuÃ llar ( 1465 , CuÃ llar , Spain -- ca . June 12 , 1524 , Santiago de Cuba ) was a Spanish conquistador .


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Question: Joseph Beuys ( pronounced `` boyce '' ) ( May 12 , 1921 â `` January 23 , 1986 ) was a German artist who made arts in many forms including sculpture , performance art , video art , and installations .

Joseph Beuys ( ; May 12 , 1921 , Krefeld â `` January 23 , 1986 , DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf ) was a German performance artist , sculptor , installation artist , graphic artist , art theorist and pedagogue of art .

John Stig Claesson ( June 2 , 1928 â `` January 4 , 2008 ) , also known under his signature Slas , was a Swedish writer , visual artist , and illustrator .


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Question: He died in 1986 in DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf .

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Beuys died of heart failure on January 23 , 1986 , in DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf , after a long illness .

The emblem of the city of DÃ 1\/4 ren is divided .


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Question: It is aimed at older music fans and recent headliners have included the Beastie Boys , BjÃ rk and Franz Ferdinand .

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It was aimed at more mature music fans and recent headliners included the Beastie Boys , BjÃ rk and Franz Ferdinand .

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Noisettes have toured Europe and the United States extensively , with the likes of TV on the Radio , Tom Vek , Babyshambles , Bloc Party and the Mystery Jets .


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Question: The Connect Music Festival is a music festival that takes place at Inveraray Castle , on the banks of Loch Fyne in Argyll , Scotland .

The Connect Music Festival was a music festival that took place in the grounds of Inveraray Castle , located on the banks of Loch Fyne in Argyll , Scotland .

Mallaig is a port in Lochaber , on the west coast of the Highlands of Scotland .


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Question: Semens is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

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Semens is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Saint-Laurent-d ` Arce is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


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Question: Different sources of energy have been used to run generators , including coal , nuclear , natural gas , hydroelectric , and petroleum power and a small amount from solar energy , tidal harnesses , wind generators , and geothermal sources .

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The first power plants were run on water power or coal , and today we rely mainly on coal , nuclear , natural gas , hydroelectric , and petroleum with a small amount from solar energy , tidal harnesses , wind generators , and geothermal sources .

Devices convert electrical energy into many useful forms , such as heat ( electric heaters ) , light ( light bulbs ) , motion ( electric motors ) , sound ( loudspeaker ) , information technological processes ( computers ) , or even chemical changes .


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Question: Making electricity in one central place became possible with the use of power transformers which could change voltage . Electricity could be sent as alternating current along electric power lines for great distances cheaply .

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Centralised power generation became possible when it was recognized that alternating current power lines can transport electricity at very low costs across great distances by taking advantage of the ability to raise and lower the voltage using power transformers .

Wind speeds as low as sp = us 2 can lead to power outages due to tree branches disrupting the flow of energy through power lines .


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Question: Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born January 6 1953 ) is an Australian guitarist for the band AC\/DC .

Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born 6 January 1953 ) is a Scottish-born Australian guitarist , best known as a founding member , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the Australian hard rock band AC\/DC .

William `` Will '' Champion ( born 31 July 1978 ) is an English musician and the drummer of rock band Coldplay .


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Question: Slovakia national football team is the national football team of Slovakia .

The Slovakia national football team represents Slovakia in association football and is controlled by the Slovak Football Association ( SFZ ) , the governing body for football in Slovakia .

The U.S. Virgin Islands national soccer team , nicknamed The dashing eagle , is the national team of the U.S. Virgin Islands and is controlled by the U.S. Virgin Islands Soccer Federation .


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Question: It has become an internet meme .

The song has also become an internet meme , inspiring numerous online parodies .

It is in great danger of becoming extinct .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning Fewshots:
'['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Olivone was a municipality of the district Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .']' == '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Olivone was a municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Intragna was a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .']'

Question: Tunak Tunak Tun is an Indian pop song released in 1998 .

`` Tunak Tunak Tun '' or `` Tunak '' , is a bhangra\/pop love song by Indian artist Daler Mehndi released in 1998 .

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`` Honey to the Bee '' is a song from Billie Piper released in 1999 .


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Question: Charles Robert Darwin ( 12 February 1809 â `` 19 April 1882 ) was an English naturalist .

Charles Robert Darwin FRS ( 12 February 1809 â `` 19 April 1882 ) was an English naturalist .

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Theodor Heinrich Boveri ( 12 October 1862 â `` 15 October 1915 ) was a German biologist .


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Question: Ellon is a town in Aberdeenshire , Scotland , approximately 16 miles north of Aberdeen , lying on the River Ythan ( pronounced eye-than ) which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the Eastern coast of Scotland .

Ellon is a town in Aberdeenshire , Scotland , approximately 16 m north of Aberdeen , lying on the River Ythan which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the Eastern coast of Scotland .

Glamis is set in the broad and fertile lowland valley of Strathmore , near Forfar , county town of Angus , which lies between the Sidlaw Hills to the south and the Grampian Mountains to the north , approximately 20 kilometres inland from the North Sea .


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Question: The Carbon Cycle is a process where carbon is recycled through the ecosystem .

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The global carbon budget Is the balance of the exchanges ( incomes and losses ) of carbon between the carbon reservoirs or between one specific loop ( e.g. , atmosphere â '' biosphere ) of the carbon cycle .

Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers .


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Question: Cabbio is a municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

Cabbio is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

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Meride is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


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Question: Below is the list of Wikipedia articles about basketball players who have played for the Detroit Pistons NBA team .

This category is for basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Detroit Pistons .

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This category is all National Football League players who played for the Chicago Bears .


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Question: Rodolfo Arruabarrena ( born 20 July 1975 ) is a former Argentine football player .

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Rodolfo MartÃ n Arruabarrena ( born 20 July 1975 ) is a former Argentine football left back .

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Luciano Castellini ( born 12 December 1945 ) is a retired Italian football goalkeeper .


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Question: Alexander Frei ( born 15 July 1979 ) is a Swiss football player . He plays for Basel and Switzerland national team .

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Alexander Frei ( born 15 July 1979 in Basel ) is a Swiss footballer who currently plays for Swiss Axpo Super League club FC Basel , and was the captain of the Swiss national team .

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Tranquillo Barnetta ( born 22 May 1985 in St. Gallen ) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bayer Leverkusen and the Swiss national team .


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Question: The vicuÃ a ( Vicugna vicugna ) is one of two wild South American camelids .

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The vicuÃ a ( Vicugna vicugna ) or vicugna is one of two wild South American camelids , along with the guanaco , which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes .

The Spectacled Bear is a relatively small species of bear native to South America , where it is second only to the 3 tapir species as the largest extant land mammal .


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Question: It is common to wear them with bare feet when a yukata is worn . Also they are worn with western clothes .

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As geta are usually worn only with yukata or other informal Japanese clothes or Western clothes , there is no need to wear socks .

Leg warmers , which are not typically socks , may be replaced with socks in cold climate .


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Question: The MP5 is a submachine gun made by Heckler & Koch .

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The MP5 is currently one of the most widely used submachine guns in the world , having been adopted by numerous military , law enforcement , intelligence and security organizations . In the 1990s , Heckler & Koch developed the Heckler & Koch UMP , the MP5 's successor , though both remain in production .

Stocked automatic weapons firing pistol rounds were developed around the same time during World War I , by Italy , Germany , and the United States .


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Question: Jefferson Davis led the Confederate states as they fought against the United States ( the Union ) .

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E.g.:
['Represent text', 'The Province of Mendoza is a province of Argentina , located in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Mendoza is a Province of Argentina , located in the region called Cuyo .']

Led by Jefferson Davis , the Confederacy fought for its independence from the United States .

Thousands of Nova Scotians fought in the American Civil War ( 1861 â `` 1865 ) , primarily for the North . The British Empire ( including Nova Scotia ) was declared neutral in the struggle between the North and the South .


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Question: Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States ( said that they wanted to separate from the United States of America ) and formed the Confederate States of America , also known as `` the Confederacy '' .

Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America , also known as `` the Confederacy '' .

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Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown , on May 4 , 1776 . It was also the last colony of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29 , 1790 , once assurances were made that a Bill of Rights would become part of the Constitution .


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Question: Lee decided he had too few soldiers to keep on fighting and he surrendered to Grant on April 9 , 1865 , near Appomattox Court House .

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Confederate resistance ended after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9 , 1865 .

On September 26 , 1937 , Smith was critically injured in a car accident while traveling along U.S. Route 61 between Memphis , Tennessee , and Clarksdale , Mississippi .


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Question: The American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) , also known as the War Between the States , was a civil war in the United States of America .

The American Civil War ( 1861 â `` 1865 ) , also known as the War Between the States ( among other names ) , was a civil war in the United States of America .

William Clarke Quantrill ( July 31 , 1837 -- June 6 , 1865 ) , was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War .


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Question: No nation ever recognized the Confederacy as a separate nation .

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No country in the world recognized the Confederacy .

L.C. Green cited the recognition of the unborn Polish and Czech states in World War I and explained that `` recognition of statehood is a matter of discretion , it is open to any existing state to accept as a state any entity it wishes , regardless of the existence of territory or an established government . ''


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Question: In the presidential election of 1860 , the Republican Party , led by Abraham Lincoln , was actively against expanding slavery beyond the states in which it already existed .

In the presidential election of 1860 , the Republican Party , led by Abraham Lincoln , had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed .

Its main purpose was opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories , arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery .


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Question: Both outgoing President James Buchanan and Lincoln disagreed with the legality of the secession , considering it rebellion .

Both the outgoing administration of President James Buchanan and the incoming administration rejected the legality of secession , considering it rebellion .

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In particular , he repeatedly confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law , and supported an expansive reading of the enumerated powers .


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Question: Unleavened bread is eaten by Jews during the Passover , and Catholic celebration of the Eucharist uses unleavened wafers .

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Unleavened breads have symbolic importance in Judaism and Christianity . Jews consume unleavened bread called matzo during Passover .

Accordingly , hyssop is also often used to fill the Catholic ceremonial Aspergillum , which the priest dips into a bowl of holy water , and sprinkles onto the congregation to bless them .


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Question: Flour made just from the polished wheat grain gives a very white bread . Rye and barley flour give darker types of bread .

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While bread can be made from all-purpose wheat flour , for quality bread a specialty bread flour , containing more protein , is recommended .

A butter cake is a cake in which one of the main ingredients is butter . Butter cakes consist of taking the most basic of ingredients butter , sugar , eggs , flour , and a leavening agent ( baking powder or baking soda ) and transforming them into a baked good .


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Question: Layla El ( born June 25 , 1978 in London , England ) is a English female professional wrestler currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment wrestling on their Smackdown brand .

Layla El ( born 25 June 1978 ) is an English dancer , model and professional wrestler of Moroccan descent . She is employed by World Wrestling Entertainment as a WWE Diva and appears on the SmackDown brand as Layla .

Christopher Todd Mordetzky ( born January 8 , 1983 ) is an American professional wrestler best known by his ring name `` The Masterpiece '' Chris Masters . He currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its SmackDown brand .


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Question: Luther Blissett is a Jamaican-born former English football player .

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He jokingly claimed that he himself was part of the Luther Blissett Project , and read aloud the following sentence from an LBP manifesto ( in Italian ) : `` Chiunque puÃ essere Luther Blissett , semplicemente adottando il nome Luther Blissett '' ( Anyone can be Luther Blissett simply by adopting the name Luther Blissett ) .

Sergio Ariel Escudero is a naturalized Japanese football player .


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'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Charlotte Eagles are a soccer club that plays in Charlotte , North Carolina .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Charlotte Eagles is an American professional soccer team based in Charlotte , North Carolina , United States .']' != '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Kansas City Spurs were a soccer team who played in the North American Soccer League , based in Kansas City , Missouri .']'

Question: It is also made when calcium burns in air .

Calcium nitride is formed along with the oxide , CaO , when calcium burns in air .

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Being insoluble in water , they can be purified by washing away the associated starch .


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Question: It contains calcium and nitride ions .

Î - Calcium nitride is the commonly encountered form .

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The result ( after cooling ) is zinc sulfide .


Question: There are a number of universities ( the University of Melbourne , Monash University , Deakin University , Victoria University , La Trobe University , RMIT University , Swinburne University and the Australian Catholic University ) .

Melbourne is the home of the University of Melbourne , as well as of Monash University , the largest university in Australia . Melbourne University is the second-oldest university in Australia and the oldest university in Victoria .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'In 1606 he killed a young man in a brawl and fled from Rome with a price on his head .']" should be close to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It tells about his lifestyle , in 1601 : In 1606 he killed a young man in an argument and fled from Rome with a price on his head .']"

He studied at Ipswich Grammar School , the University of Queensland , St. Andrew 's College , Sydney , University of Sydney and University College , London , before taking a position as head of the newly established department of anatomy at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg , South Africa in 1922 .


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Question: The delegates discussed and then signed the Bretton Woods Agreements during the first three weeks of July 1944 .

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For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'A forerunner of the theory was proposed by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen , but did not involve glottalized sounds .']>>  to <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In its earliest theory , made by the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen , it did not involve the use of glottalized sounds .']>>

The delegates deliberated upon and signed the Bretton Woods Agreements during the first three weeks of July 1944 .

Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1946 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council .


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Question: 730 delegates from all 44 Allies of World War II came to Bretton Woods , New Hampshire for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference .

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Preparing to rebuild the international economic system as World War II was still raging , 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods , New Hampshire , United States , for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference .

Jean was formally appointed and installed as Special Envoy for Haiti for the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization on November 8 , 2010 , for a four-year term .


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Question: The Bretton Woods system was the first monetary order that organized monetary relations among independent nation-states .

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The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states .

As a political organization , the World Bank must meet the demands of donor and borrowing governments , private capital markets , and other international organizations .


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Question: The planners at Bretton Woods set up a system of rules , institutions , and procedures to regulate the international monetary system . They started the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) ( now one of five institutions in the World Bank Group ) and the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) .

Setting up a system of rules , institutions , and procedures to regulate the international monetary system , the planners at Bretton Woods established the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( IBRD ) , which today is part of the World Bank Group .

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The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between the Republic of India and Islamic Republic Of Pakistan , brokered by the World Bank ( then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ) .


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Question: The town is served by Scarborough railway station .

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Scarborough is served by Scarborough railway station , with services from York , Leeds , Manchester and Liverpool on the North TransPennine route and from Hull via Bridlington and Filey on the Yorkshire Coast Line .

Marske is served by Longbeck and Marske railway stations , which connect to Darlington mainline station .


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Question: In some countries , operating brothels is legal , in other countries it is illegal . Examples of countries where brothels are illegal are Canada and most of the United States .

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In many countries where brothels are officially illegal , the laws are ignored ; often brothels in such countries are not only tolerated , but also regulated by authorities .

Stamp acts have been enforced in many countries , including Australia , People 's Republic of China , Canada , Ireland , Malaysia , Israel , the United Kingdom and the United States of America .


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Question: Examples of countries where brothels are illegal are Canada and most of the United States . Brothels are legal in some countries from Europe , for example .

In some countries such as Australia , brothels are legal and regulated , however , the existence of these licensed brothels does not stop illegal brothels from existing : according to a report in the Daily Telegraph ( Australia ) , illegal brothels in Sydney now outnumber licensed operations by four to one ; according to a 2009 report , in Queensland only 10 % of prostitution happens in licensed brothels , the rest remains either unregulated or illegal ; according to some estimates , there are 400 illegal brothels in Victoria .

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Its sale is banned in a few countries , including Australia , New Zealand , the United States , the Republic of Ireland , the United Kingdom , Romania and other parts of Europe .


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Question: In NFL football , if the game is tied after the four quarters , the two teams compete in one more 15 minute period called overtime .

If an NFL game is tied after four quarters , the teams play an additional period lasting up to 15 minutes .

Depending on the rules of the particular tournament or league , a game may have 4 , 6 or 8 chukkas ; 6 chukkas are most common Usually , each chukka is 7 minutes long , but some games are played in shorter chukkas .


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Question: If neither team scores during overtime , the game ends in a tie .

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E.g.:
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In a regular-season NFL game , if neither team scores in overtime , the game is a tie .

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One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning and nine innings make up a professional game .


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Question: Ricketts is a city of Iowa in the United States .

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Ricketts is a city in Crawford County , Iowa , United States , along the Middle Soldier River .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Roblox users can use Lua 5.1 .

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Roblox users can script the places they design with an extremely restricted , sandboxed attempt at Lua 5.1 .

It retains the original name and uses Lobotomy 's SlaveDriver engine .


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Question: Players can build games with plastic building blocks .

Players can build games with blocks , in various shapes , sizes and materials .

Geo wears a shape belt and can create anything by assembling shapes and then singing `` Super Shapes '' .


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Question: Roblox is part of the TRUSTe privacy program and the Better Business Bureau .

Roblox is part of the TRUSTe privacy program and the Better Business Bureau corporation .

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Separate eBay sites such as eBay US and eBay UK allow the users to trade using the local currency . Software developers can create applications that integrate with eBay through the eBay API by joining the eBay Developers Program .


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Question: Roblox is a MMOG ( massively multiplayer online game ) virtual playground and workshop designed for children aged six and over which was founded in 2006 .

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Roblox is a massively multiplayer online game ( MMOG ) virtual playground and workshop designed for children aged 10 and over .

Jurassic Park : Operation Genesis ( known colloquially as JP : OG or JPOG ) is a construction and management simulation video game for the PC , Xbox , and PlayStation 2 based on the novel and film series Jurassic Park .


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Question: If there is not enough light to see well , a human may need a night vision device such as night vision goggles to help them see .

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Active infrared night vision is now commonly found in commercial , residential and government security applications , where it enables effective night time imaging under low light conditions . However , since active infrared light can be detected by night vision goggles , there can be a risk of giving away position in tactical military operations .

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However , during an eclipse , with so much of the Sun covered , it is easier and more tempting to stare at it .


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Question: Humans do not have good night vision . If there is not enough light to see well , a human may need a night vision device such as night vision goggles to help them see .

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Night vision is the ability to see in low light conditions .

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As owls are farsighted , they are unable to see clearly anything within a few centimeters of their eyes .


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For example, '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Named after their custom blue livery , the trains were conceived under the railway 1954 Modernisation Plan , to create new luxury first-class diesel express trains , to compete with the motor car and the emerging domestic air travel market .']' should have a representation like '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Named after their custom blue livery , the trains were conceived under the 1955 Modernisation Plan , to create new luxury first-class diesel express trains aimed at competing with the motor car and the emerging domestic air travel market .']' but very far from '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Marginally longer than the earlier coaches , it contained both smoking and non-smoking accommodation for first and third class passengers , as well as the brake van space .']'.

Question: The other main aspects of color appearance are colorfulness , chroma , saturation , lightness , and brightness .

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The other main correlatives of color appearance are colorfulness , chroma , saturation , lightness , and brightness .

In the subtractive model , adding white to a color , whether by using less colorant or by mixing in a reflective white pigment such as zinc oxide , does not change the colorâ s hue but does reduce its saturation .


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Question: A trolleybus ( also known as trolley bus , trolley coach , trackless trolley , trackless tram or simply trolley ) is a bus , which get its power for the electric engine from a pair of powerlines , which is above the street .

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A trolleybus ( also known as trolley bus , trolley coach , trackless trolley , trackless tram or trolley ) is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires ( generally suspended from roadside posts ) using spring-loaded trolley poles .

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An electro-diesel locomotive is one that can operate either from an electrical supply , such as overhead catenary or ( in this case ) an energised third rail , or from an onboard diesel engine .


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Question: Beaumont-de-Pertuis is a commune of 934 people ( 1999 ) . It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France .

Beaumont-de-Pertuis is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .

Auriol is a commune situated in the Huveaune valley close to Roquevaire in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southern France .


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Question: Society works best when there is plenty of social capital . The less social capital there is , the more social problems there usually are .

but ` how important is civil society to the production of social capital ? ' .

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Buchanan believes that a constitution , intended for use by at least several generations of citizens , must be able to adjust itself for pragmatic economic decisions and to balance interests of the state and society against those of individuals and their constitutional rights to personal freedom and private happiness .