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Question: The United States customary system ( also called the `` American units '' ) is the most commonly used system of measurement in the United States .

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['Represent the following document', "In addition to being used as a tag for his entrance on CBS episodes he hosted , Steve Allen 's composition `` This Could Be the Start of Something '' was used as the opening theme in 1972 arranged by Edd Kalehoff for Score Productions ."] == ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', "In addition to being used as a tag for his entrance on CBS episodes he hosted , Steve Allen 's composition `` This Could Be the Start of Something '' was used as the opening theme in 1972 ."]

The United States customary system ( also called American system ) .

The metre ( or meter ) per second squared is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units ( SI ) .


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Question: It is similar to the British Imperial units .

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The U.S. customary units have common roots with the imperial units , which were used in the British Empire . Many U.S. units are virtually identical to their imperial counterparts , but the U.S. customary system developed from English units in use before the imperial system was standardized in 1824 , and there are several numerical differences from the imperial system .

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For this reason , neither has a direct connection to the Circle Line .


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Question: Also , the French historian Thuanus thought Waldo died in the year 1179 .

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Due to lack of reliable documentation there is a great degree of debate over Waldo 's role in the Waldensian sect which may have existed before his leadership , while the French historian Thuanus dated his death to the year 1179 .

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The match having come to nothing , leading her mother to name her daughter the coadjutrice of Remiremont Abbey on 19 October 1734 .


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Question: The Roman Catholic Church began to persecute the Waldensians , and many were tried and sentenced to death in different European countries during the 12th , 13th , and 14th centuries .

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The Roman Catholic Church began to persecute the Waldensians , and many were tried and sentenced to death in various European countries during the 12th , 13th , and 14th centuries .

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The current cathedral dates from the 12th and 13th centuries .


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Question: In 1179 , Waldo and one of his followers went to Rome , where they were welcomed by Pope Alexander III , and the Roman Curia .

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In 1179 , Waldo and one of his disciples went to Rome where they were welcomed by Pope Alexander III , and the Roman Curia .

Pope Celestine V abdicated on December 13 , 1294 , at Naples , where he had established the papal court under the patronage of King Charles II of Sicily .


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Question: Between 1175-1185 , Waldo either had a cleric from Lyons translate the New Testament of the Bible into the language that most people spoke , the Arpitan ( Franco-Proven Ã al ) language , or translate it himself .

Between 1175-1185 Peter Waldo either commissioned a cleric from Lyons to translate the New Testament into the vernacular , the Arpitan ( Franco-Proven Ã al ) language or was himself involved in this translation work .

It was then known as the langue d' oÃ l ( oÃ l language ) to distinguish it from the langue d'oc ( Occitan language , also then called ProvenÃ al ) , whose territory bordered that of Old French to the south .


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Question: Peter Waldo , Valdo , or Waldes ( c. 1140 -- c. 1218 ) , also Pierre VaudÃ s or de Vaux , is believed by many to have started the Waldensians . This was a Christian spiritual movement of the Middle Ages .

Peter Waldo , Valdo , or Waldes ( c. 1140 -- c. 1218 ) , also Pierre VaudÃ s or de Vaux , is credited as the founder of the Waldensians , a Christian spiritual movement of the Middle Ages , descendants of which still exist in various regions of southern Europe .

The rising importance of the Reformed churches and of Calvin belongs to the second phase of the Protestant Reformation . Evangelical churches began to form after Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church .


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Question: Sent away from Lyon , Waldo and his followers moved to the high valleys of Piedmont , and in France , in the Luberon .

Driven away from Lyons , Waldo and his followers settled in the high valleys of Piedmont , and in France , in the Luberon .

In 1790 , during the French Revolution , the departments of Ain and LÃ man are created .


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Question: They had to explain what they believed in front of a panel of three clergymen , including issues which were then debated within the Church .

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They had to explain their faith before a panel of three clergymen , including issues which were then debated within the Church , as the universal priesthood , the gospel in the vulgar tongue , and the issue of self-imposed poverty .

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"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In 2010 the IWA launched the Inspire Wales Awards , in association with the Western Mail .']" == "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\n\n\nExamples:\n\nGiven Buchal Kalan is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan . It is part of Chakwal Tehsil . it matches with Buchal Kalan is a village and union council , an administrative subdivision , of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is part of Kallar Kahar Tehsil . but not with Thoa Mehram Khan is a village and union council , an administrative subdivision , of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is part of Talagang Tehsil .', 'In 2010 the IWA began the Inspire Wales Awards , in association with the Western Mail .']"

He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20 , in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance .


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Question: Finally , Waldo was excommunicated by Pope Lucius III during the synod held at Verona in 1184 , and the doctrine of the Poor of Lyon was again condemned by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 where they are mentioned by name for the first time , and called heresy .

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Finally , Waldo was excommunicated by Pope Lucius III during the synod held at Verona in 1184 , and the doctrine of the Poor of Lyons was again condemned by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 where they are mentioned by name for the first time , and regarded as heresy .

Furthermore , this cathedral contains examples of some of the earliest and best Quattrocento paintings of the Iberian Peninsula , by artists from Rome engaged by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI who , when still a cardinal , made the request to elevate the Valencian See to the rank of metropolitan see , a category granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492 .


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Question: The results of the meeting were inconclusive , and Waldo 's ideas , but not the movement itself , were condemned at the Third Lateran Council in the same year , although the leaders of the movement had not been yet excommunicated ( kicked out of the Church ) .

The results of the meeting were inconclusive , and Waldo 's ideas , but not the movement itself , were condemned at the Third Lateran Council in the same year , though the leaders of the movement had not been yet excommunicated .

Finally he decided for Rudolph of Swabia after his victory at Flarchheim ( January 27 , 1080 ) . Under pressure from the Saxons , and misinformed as to the significance of this battle , Gregory abandoned his waiting policy and again pronounced the excommunication and deposition of King Henry ( March 7 , 1080 ) .


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Question: After this , he began living a radical Christian life . He gave his property to his wife .

From this point onward he began living a radical Christian life giving his property over to his wife , while the remainder of his belongings he distributed as alms to the poor .

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At school with his fellow students however , Sergei would join the military to serve the revolution , which would divide him from his father .


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Question: By 1170 , many people were following him . These people were called the Poor of Lyon , the Poor of Lombardy , or the Poor of God who would spread their teaching abroad while dressed up as peddlers .

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By 1170 he had gathered a large number of followers who were referred to as the Poor of Lyons , the Poor of Lombardy , or the Poor of God who would spread their teaching abroad while disguised as peddlers .

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It was the birthplace of St. Francis , who founded the Franciscan religious order in the town in 1208 , and St. Clare ( Chiara d'Offreducci ) , the founder of the Poor Sisters , which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death .


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Question: Often called the Waldensians ( or Waldenses ) , they were different from the Albigensians or Cathari .

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Often referred to as the Waldensians ( or Waldenses ) , they were distinct from the Albigensians or Cathari .

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Examples:

"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Invented in 1796 by Bavarian author Alois Senefelder as a low-cost method of publishing theatrical works , lithography can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or another suitable material .']" == "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Lithography was invented in 1796 by Bavarian author Alois Senefelder as a low-cost method of publishing theatrical works . Lithography can be used to print text or artwork onto paper or other suitable material .']"

By 1170 he had gathered a large number of followers who were referred to as the Poor of Lyons , the Poor of Lombardy , or the Poor of God who would spread their teaching abroad while disguised as peddlers .


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Question: Sometime not long before the year 1160 he was inspired by some events . One of these was hearing a sermon on the life of St. Alexius .

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The provided query could be "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Courcival is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in north-western France .']" and the positive "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France .']"

Sometime shortly before the year 1160 he was inspired by a series of events , firstly , after hearing a sermon on the life of St. Alexius , secondly , when rejection of transubstantiation was made a capital crime , thirdly , the sudden and unexpected death of a friend during an evening meal .

This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter .


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Question: Lech Walesa ( Polish : Lech WaÅ Ä sa ( pronounced ( lÉ x vaË wÉ Ì sa ) ) ( born September 29 , 1943 ) was a Polish shipyard worker and a politician who used to be the leader of Solidarity and the President of Poland , he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 .

Lech Walesa ( Polish : ) ( , Ë lÉ k vÉ Ë wÉ nsÉ or ; born 29 September 1943 ) is a Polish politician , trade-union organizer , and human-rights activist . A charismatic leader , he co-founded Solidarity ( SolidarnoÅ Ä ) , the Soviet bloc 's first independent trade union , won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 , and served as President of Poland 1990 â `` 95 .

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Samuel `` Sammy '' Herman Reshevsky ( born Szmul Rzeszewski , November 26 , 1911 , OzorkÃ w near Å Ã dÅ , ( then Russian Empire , today Poland ) â `` died April 4 , 1992 , New York City , United States ) was a famous chess prodigy and later a leading American chess Grandmaster .


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Question: The capital city of Malacca is Malacca Town .

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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The female is known to produce 4-12 oblong eggs , 42-47 mm ( 1 â long and 18-22 mm ( â'], a positive would be ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The female makes 4-12 eggs , 42-47 mm long and 18-22 mm wide with a leathery shell .']

Malacca also has one international school called Melaka International School , which caters to the expatriate community in Malacca .

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The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua .


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Question: Malacca ( also known in Malay as Melaka ) is a state in Malaysia that is located on the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia . The capital city of Malacca is Malacca Town .

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Malacca has adopted as its slogan , `` Visiting Malacca Means Visiting Malaysia '' ( `` Melawat Melaka Bererti Melawati Malaysia '' ) .

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Sungai Besar is a coastal town in the district of Sabak Bernam in Selangor , Malaysia .


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Question: Kuala Lumpur is the capital city of Malaysia .

Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia .

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Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria .


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Question: With the completion of Putrajaya in the late 1990s , the administrative capital has been moved to Putrajaya . Kuala Lumpur is home to one of the tallest buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers .

The administrative and judicial functions of the government were shifted from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya .

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At 871 feet ( 265 m ) tall , it is currently the seventh tallest building in Chicago and the 25th tallest in the United States .


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Question: Since Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory of Malaysia on February 1 , 1972 , the city has been led by seven mayors .

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Kuala Lumpur later achieved city status in 1972 , becoming the first settlement in Malaysia to be granted the status after independence . Later , on February 1 , 1974 , Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory .

As South Australia ( 1836 ) , Tasmania ( January 1855 ) and Victoria ( May 1855 ) obtained responsible government , their Lieutenant-Governors were replaced by Governors .


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Question: Kuala Lumpur is home to one of the tallest buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers .

In addition , Kuala Lumpur is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers , which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysia 's futuristic developments .

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The tower was constructed by South Korean company , Samsung Engineering & Construction , which also did work on the Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101 .


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Question: The average player can generally play around ten pieces from memory which they will aim to play very well , learning new pieces as and when they feel like it .

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The average player will generally have a repertoire of around ten pieces which they will aim to play very well , learning new pieces as and when they feel like it or if the opportunity arises .

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A page-turner needs to be able to understand the musician 's signals and follow the music to know when to turn the page , and to do so quickly and unobtrusively .


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Question: Qin pieces are usually around three to eight minutes in length , with the longest being `` Guangling San '' ã å '' # é æ # ã , which is 22 minutes long .

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Qin pieces are usually around three to eight minutes in length , with the longest being `` Guangling San '' , which is 22 minutes long .

JÄ `` n XuÄ fÄ `` i ( simplified Chinese : é ` é é # ; traditional Chinese : é ` é é # ; born February 15 , 1956 ) is a contemporary Chinese-American writer using the pen name Ha Jin ( å `` é ` ) .


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Question: The rich tones of the qin can be categorised as three distinctively different `` sounds . ''

The music of the qin can be categorised as three distinctively different `` sounds . ''

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It is written in a longhand form called wenzi pu ( æ -- å -- è ) ( literally `` written notation '' ) , said to have been created by Yong Menzhou during the Warring States Period , which gives all the details using ordinary written Chinese characters .


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Question: The first is san yin ã '' æ # é ã , which means `` scattered sounds . ''

The first is san yin ( æ # é ) , which means `` scattered sounds . ''

The name is derived from the Chinese å dÃ meaning 'em peror ' and é 3\/4 \/ é 3\/4 lÃ ng meaning ` dragon ' .


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Question: The twisted cord of strings is then wrapped around a frame and immersed in a vat of liquid of natural glue that binds the strands together .

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The twisted cord of strings is then wrapped around a frame and immersed in a vat of liquid composed of a special mixture of natural glue that binds the strands together .

Shortly thereafter , a superior technique was discovered : two wooden halves were carved , a graphite stick inserted , and the two halves then glued togetherâ '' essentially the same method in use to this day .


Question: It can also be called qixianqin ã ä ç ç ã ( `` seven-stringed instrument '' ) .

It can also be called qixianqin ( lit . `` seven-stringed instrument '' ) .

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Question: Later in the Tang dynasty , Cao Rou ( æ æ '' ) and others simplified the notation , using only the important elements of the characters ( like string number , plucking technique , hui number and which finger to stop the string ) and combined them into one character notation .

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Later in the Tang dynasty , Cao Rou and others simplified the notation , using only the important elements of the characters ( like string number , plucking technique , hui number and which finger to stop the string ) and combined them into one character notation .

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For example , dots 1-3-4 ( â ) would describe a cell with three dots raised , at the top and bottom in the left column and on top of the right column , i.e. , the letter m. The lines of horizontal Braille text are separated by a space , much like visible printed text , so that the dots of one line can be differentiated from the Braille text above and below .


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Question: By the 20th century , there had been attempts to try to replace the shorthand notation , but so far , it has been unsuccessful ; since the 20th century , qin music is generally printed with staff notation above the qin tablature .

By the 20th century , there had been attempts to try to replace the `` jianzi pu '' notation , but so far , it has been unsuccessful ; since the 20th century , qin music is generally printed with staff notation above the qin tablature .

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This practice differs from what is standard for any given language , and it reaches its extremity concerning transliterations from other languages .


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Question: An earlier form of music notation from the Tang era survives in just one manuscript , dated to the 7th century CE , called Jieshi Diao : You Lan ã ç cents # ç è å 1\/2 è ã ( Solitary Orchid , in Stone Tablet Mode ) .

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An earlier form of music notation from the Tang era survives in just one manuscript , dated to the seventh century CE , called Jieshi Diao Youlan ( Solitary Orchid in Stone Tablet Mode ) .

The name ( Traditional Chinese : ç å ç 3\/4 ç ` ; Simplified Chinese : ç '' å ç 3\/4 ç ` `` wÃ i jÄ `` bÇ i kÄ `` '' ) means `` Wiki Encyclopedia '' .


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Question: Other famous pieces include `` Liu Shui '' ã æ æ ã ( Flowing Water ) , `` Yangguan San Die '' ã é 1\/2 é -- ä ç -- ã ( Three Refrains on the Yang Pass Theme ) , `` Meihua San Nong '' ã æ cents è ä å 1\/4 ã ( Three Variations on the Plum Blossom Theme ) , `` Xiao Xiang Shui Yun '' ã ç æ æ é ã ( Mist and Clouds over the Xiao and Xiang Rivers ) , and `` Pingsha Luo Yan '' ã å æ è 1\/2 é ã ( Wild Geese Descending on the Sandbank ) .

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Other famous pieces include `` Liu Shui '' ( Flowing Water ) , `` Yangguan San Die '' ( Three Refrains on the Yang Pass Theme ) , `` Meihua San Nong '' ( Three Variations on the Plum Blossom Theme ) , `` Xiao Xiang Shui Yun '' ( Mist and Clouds over the Xiao and Xiang Rivers ) , and `` Pingsha Luo Yan '' ( Wild Geese Descending on the Sandbank ) .

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Question: Qin study was initially confined to China in ancient times . Today countries like Japan also have their own qin small traditions .

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There are a number of ancient sources that discuss qin lore , qin theory and general qin literature .

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As a result of his teachings in putting emphasis on literature as a fundamental form of human expression , Chinese writing would begin to thrive in Japan , becoming an accepted artistic pursuit .


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Question: In 1977 , a recording of `` Liu Shui '' ( Flowing Water , as performed by Guan Pinghu , one of the best qin players of the 20th century ) was chosen to be included in the Voyager Golden Record , a gold-plated LP recording containing music from around the world , which was sent into outer space by NASA on the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts .

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In 1977 , a recording of `` Flowing Water '' ( Liu Shui , as performed by Guan Pinghu , one of the best qin players of the 20th century ) was chosen to be included in the Voyager Golden Record , a gold-plated LP recording containing music from around the world , which was sent into outer space by NASA on the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecrafts .

Sagan assembled the first physical message that was sent into space : a gold-anodized plaque , attached to the space probe Pioneer 10 , launched in 1972 .


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Question: Because Robert Hans van Gulik 's famous book about the qin is called The Lore of the Chinese Lute , the qin is sometimes inaccurately called a lute .

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E.g.:
['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Throughout this time , at least as of 1919 , he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood , and , therefore , under the bylaws of the Brotherhood , President of the Irish Republic .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Throughout this time , at least as of 1919 , he was also President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood . Under the rules of the Brotherhood this meant that he was President of the Irish Republic .']

Because Robert Hans van Gulik 's famous book about the qin is called The Lore of the Chinese Lute , the guqin is sometimes inaccurately called a lute .

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The Sorai school introduced Selections of Tang Poetry , a work thought to have been edited by Li Panlong ( æ æ '' ç `` 1514-70 ) , a founder of the Ancient Rhetoric school , to Japan , where it became very popular .


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Question: This meant simply pluck the required string to sound an open note .

This is produced by plucking the required string to sound an open note .

But when a relative key ascends the opposite side of the circle from its home key , then theory suggests that double-sharps and double-flats would have to be incorporated into the notated key signature .


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Question: Players mainly learn popular well studied versions , often using a recording as a reference .

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Players mainly learn popular well transcribed versions , often using a recording as a reference .

They are not primarily teaching tools ( even though they are popular with listeners as an aid to learning ) but communication tools .


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E.g.
'['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'At first , the committee was filled with active members of the parliament and every year its reports were talked about in parliamentary sessions .']' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In the beginning , the committee was filled with active parliamentarians and the annual reports were discussed in parliamentary sessions .']' != '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20 , in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance .']'

Question: Because of this , traditional qinpu do not indicate them .

Because of this , traditional qinpu do not indicate them ( though near the end of the Qing dynasty , a handful of qinpu had started to employ various rhythm indicating devices , such as dots ) .

Those that do not are called similar folds .


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For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Dodd died in June 1988 at the age of 79 in Atlanta , Georgia .']' should have a representation like '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Bobby Dodd died in June 1988 at the age of 79 in Atlanta , Georgia .']' but very far from '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Bowerman died in his sleep at his home in Fossil , Oregon at the age of 88 on Christmas Eve , 1999 .']'.

Question: In 2003 , guqin music was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO .

In 2003 , guqin music was proclaimed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO .

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Owing to its uniqueness , the Old Town of Vilnius was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994 .


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Question: Many qinpu compiled before the Ming dynasty are now lost , and many pieces have remained unplayed for hundreds of years .

Sadly , many qinpu compiled before the Ming dynasty are now lost , and many pieces have remained unplayed for hundreds of years .

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Seimu is regarded by historians as a `` legendary emperor '' and there is a paucity of information about him .


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Question: Furthermore , it is the case that nylon-wrapped metal strings can cause damage to the wood of old qins .

Additionally , nylon-wrapped metal strings can cause damage to the wood of old qins .

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Some of the positive features of these mouthpieces are that they are very durable and will not chip nor dent as is the case with metal mouthpieces , they are very affordable compared to metal mouthpieces , and they are commonly used when playing in outdoor conditions as a result of their short `` warm-up '' time .


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Question: The modern form has been standardized from about two thousand years .

The modern form has been standardized for about two millennia .

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But as a result of his research during two years , he has collected only about one hundred words .


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Question: Other incorrect classifications ( mainly from music CDs ) include `` harp '' or `` table-harp '' .

Other incorrect classifications , mainly from music compact discs , include `` harp '' or `` table-harp '' .

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The name of the group or artist ( `` the act '' ) in plain text only .


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Question: The entire length of the qin ( in Chinese measurements ) is 3 feet , 6.5 inches , representing the 365 days of the year ( though this is just a standard since qins can be shorter or longer depending on the period 's measurement standard or the maker 's preference ) .

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The entire length of the qin ( in Chinese measurements ) is 3 chi , 6 cun and 5 fen ; representing the 365 days of the year ( though this is just a standard since qins can be shorter or longer depending on the period 's measurement standard or the maker 's preference ) .

Because qin tablature is so useful , logical , easy , and the fastest way ( once the performer knows how to read the notation ) of learning a piece , it is invaluable to the qin player and can not totally be replaced ( just as staff notation can not be replaced for Western instruments , because they developed a notation system that suited the instruments well ) .


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Question: Normally , qin players will learn the rhythm of a piece through a teacher .

Normally , qin players will learn the rhythm of a piece through a teacher or master .

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It is written in a longhand form called wenzi pu ( æ -- å -- è ) ( literally `` written notation '' ) , said to have been created by Yong Menzhou during the Warring States Period , which gives all the details using ordinary written Chinese characters .


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Question: It was so successful that from the Ming dynasty ( 1368-1644 ) onwards , a lot of qinpu ã '' ç è ã ( qin tablature collections ) appeared , the most famous and useful being `` Shenqi Mipu '' ( The Mysterious and Marvellous Tablature ) compiled by Zhu Quan ( æ å ) , the 17th son of the founder of the Ming dynasty .

It was so successful that from the Ming dynasty onwards , a great many qinpu ( ç è ) ( qin tablature collections ) appeared , the most famous and useful being `` Shenqi Mipu '' ( The Mysterious and Marvellous Tablature ) compiled by Zhu Quan , the 17th son of the founder of the Ming dynasty .

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The Sorai school introduced Selections of Tang Poetry , a work thought to have been edited by Li Panlong ( æ æ '' ç `` 1514-70 ) , a founder of the Ancient Rhetoric school , to Japan , where it became very popular .


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Question: These are harmonics , and the player simply lightly touches the string with one or more fingers of the left hand at a position indicated by the white hui dots , pluck and then lift , creating a crisp and clear sound ringing sound .

These are harmonics , in which the player lightly touches the string with one or more fingers of the left hand at a position indicated by the hui dots , pluck and lift , creating a crisp and clear sound .

An `` arpeggiated chord '' means a chord which is `` spread '' , i.e. , the notes are not played exactly at the same time , but are spread out .


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Question: é ã literally `` elegant gatherings '' ) , at which a number of qin players , music lovers , or anyone with an interest in Chinese culture can come along to discuss and play the qin .

The qin society will encourage meetings with fellow qin players in order to play music and maybe discuss the nature of the qin . Gatherings like this are called yajis , or `` elegant gatherings '' , which take place once every month or two .

By the 20th century , there had been attempts to try to replace the `` jianzi pu '' notation , but so far , it has been unsuccessful ; since the 20th century , qin music is generally printed with staff notation above the qin tablature .


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Question: The earliest example of the modern shorthand tablature survives from around the 12th century CE .

The earliest example of the modern shorthand tablature survives from around the twelfth century CE .

The oldest khachkars in the cemetery date back to the late 10th century .


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Question: The tablature will only be looked at if the teacher is not sure of how to play a certain part .

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The tablature will only be consulted if the teacher is not sure of how to play a certain part .

A page-turner needs to be able to understand the musician 's signals and follow the music to know when to turn the page , and to do so quickly and unobtrusively .


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Question: The ' ( Chinese : å ç ; pinyin : gÇ '' qÃ n ; Wade-Giles : ku-ch ` in ; literally `` ancient stringed-instrument '' ) is the modern name for a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family .

The guqin ( simplified\/traditional : å ç ; pinyin : gÇ '' qÃ n ; Wades-Giles ku-ch ` in ; ; literally `` ancient stringed instrument '' ) is the modern name for a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family .

The vielle possibly derived from the lira , a Byzantine bowed instrument closely related to the Rebab , an Arab bowed instrument


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Question: Legend has it that the qin , has a history of about 5,000 years ; that the legendary people of China 's pre-history ; Fuxi , Shennong and Huang Di ( the Yellow Emperor ) , was involved in its creation .

Legend has it that the qin , the most revered of all Chinese musical instruments , has a history of about 5,000 years . This legend states that the legendary figures of China 's pre-history â '' Fuxi , Shennong and Huang Di , the `` Yellow Emperor '' â '' were involved in its creation .

Later , in the Zhou dynasty , Zhou Wen Wang added a sixth string to mourn his son , Bo Yihou .


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Question: Later , in the Zhou dynasty , Zhou Wen Wang å ` æ -- ç added a sixth string to mourn his son , Bo Yihou ä 1\/4 é ` è .

Later , in the Zhou dynasty , Zhou Wen Wang added a sixth string to mourn his son , Bo Yihou .

The People 's Republic of China government equates XÄ `` zÃ ng with the XÄ `` zÃ ng ZÃ zhÃ qÅ `` è è -- è æ '' å `` Tibet Autonomous Region '' .


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Question: The third is an yin ã '' æ é \/ æ é \/ å é \/ è é ã , or `` stopped sounds . ''

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The third is an yin ( æ é \/ æ é \/ å é \/ è é ) , or `` stopped sounds . ''

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The name is derived from the Chinese å dÃ meaning 'em peror ' and é 3\/4 \/ é 3\/4 lÃ ng meaning ` dragon ' .


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Question: Classical books such as Qin Shi , Qinshi Bu and Qinshi Xu have biographies of hundreds of more players .

The classical collections such as Qin Shi , Qinshi Bu and Qinshi Xu include biographies of hundreds more players .

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Question: Some famous players are also associated with some melodies , like Confucius and Qu Yuan .

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Certain melodies are also associated with famous figures , such as Confucius and Qu Yuan .

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People therefore called him a master of Zhuang ethnic studies .


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Question: This forms the majority of most qin pieces and requires the player to press on a string with a finger or thumb of the left hand until it touches with the surface board , then pluck .

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This forms the bulk of most qin pieces and requires the player to press on a string with a finger or thumb of the left hand until it connects with the surface board , then pluck .

The method of producing vibrato on other instruments varies . On string instruments , for example , the finger used to stop the string can be wobbled on the fingerboard , or actually moved up and down the string for a wider vibrato .


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Question: It is mentioned in Chinese writings dating back nearly 3,000 years , and related instruments have been found in tombs from about 2,500 years ago .

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It is mentioned in Chinese writings dating back nearly 3,000 years , and related instruments have been found in Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng from about 2,500 years ago .

The oldest known description and surgical treatment of cancer was discovered in Egypt and dates back to approximately 1600 BC .


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Question: Written qin music did not directly tell what notes were played like many outer musical instruments ; instead , it was written in a tablature detailing tuning , finger positions , and plucking technique , thus made up of a step by step method and description of how to play a piece .

Written qin music did not directly tell what notes were played ; instead , it was written in a tablature detailing tuning , finger positions , and stroke technique , thus comprising a step by step method and description of how to play a piece .

The entire length of the qin ( in Chinese measurements ) is 3 chi , 6 cun and 5 fen ; representing the 365 days of the year ( though this is just a standard since qins can be shorter or longer depending on the period 's measurement standard or the maker 's preference ) .


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Question: The guqin is nearly always used a solo single instrument , as its quietness of tone means that it can not be heard over the sounds of most other instruments or an ensemble .

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The guqin is nearly always used a solo instrument , as its quietness of tone means that it can not compete with the sounds of most other instruments or an ensemble .

These works are for narrator and full orchestra , intended to be broadcast over the radio ( since a human voice would not be able to be heard over the full volume of an orchestra ) .


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Question: There have been many players throughout the ages . The instrument was a favorite of the scholars , so many artists played it .

Many artists down through the ages have played the instrument , and the instrument was a favorite of scholars .

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For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'As part of its plans , Lance Storm became the first WCW wrestler to appear on WWF programming , by making a run-in during a match on the May 28 episode of Raw .']>>  to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'As part of its plans , Lance Storm became the first WCW wrestler to appear on WWF programming , by running in during a match on the May 28 episode of RAW while a match was being held .']"

They were often touring during his childhood , and he was brought up in Trieste for the most part .


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Question: Dapu ã '' æ `` è ã is the conversion of old tablature into a playable form .

Dapu ( æ `` è ) is the transcribing of old tablature into a playable form .

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This usage is based on the ' of the alphabet . '


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Question: Because of the difference in geography in China , many qin schools known as qin pai ( ç æ 3\/4 ) developed over the centuries .

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Because of the difference in geography in China , many qin schools known as qin pai developed over the centuries .

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Geographical association , as in northern ( å -- æ , bÄ iquÃ n ) and southern ( å -- æ , nÃ nquÃ n ) , is another popular method of categorization .


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Question: Some tablatures do indicate notes using the gongche notation system , or indicate rhythm using dots .

Some tablatures do indicate notes using the gongche system , or indicate rhythm using dots .

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A half flat , indicating the use of quarter tones , may be marked with various symbols including a flat with a slash or a reversed flat sign .


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Question: To enjoy qin songs , one must learn to become accustomed to the strange style some players may sing their songs to .

To enjoy qin songs , one must learn to become accustomed to the eccentric style some players may sing their songs to , like in the case of Zha Fuxi .

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Because of this , traditional qinpu do not indicate them ( though near the end of the Qing dynasty , a handful of qinpu had started to employ various rhythm indicating devices , such as dots ) .


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Question: The second is fan yin ã '' æ é ã , or `` floating sounds . ''

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The second is fan yin ( æ é ) , or `` floating sounds . ''

The name is derived from the Chinese å dÃ meaning 'em peror ' and é 3\/4 \/ é 3\/4 lÃ ng meaning ` dragon ' .


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Question: Traditionally the instrument was called simply qin ã ç ã , but by the 20th century the term had come to be used on many other musical instruments as well ( for example , the yangqin ã æ ç ã hammered dulcimer , the huqin ã è ç ã family of bowed string instruments , and the Western piano ( Chinese : é 1\/4 ç ; pinyin : gÄ ng qÃ n ; literally `` steel stringed-instrument '' ) ) , so the prefix `` gu - '' ã å ã ( meaning `` ancient '' ) was added for clarification .

Traditionally , the instrument was simply referred to as qin ( Wade-Giles ch ` in ) but by the twentieth century the term had come to be applied to many other musical instruments as well : the yangqin hammered dulcimer , the huqin family of bowed string instruments , and the Western piano are examples of this usage . The prefix `` gu - '' ( meaning `` ancient '' ) was later added for clarification .

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Sichuan pepper is known in Chinese as huÄ jiÄ o ( è æ ' ; literally `` flower pepper '' ) . A lesser-used name is shÄ njiÄ o ( å æ ' ; literally `` mountain pepper '' ; not to be confused with Tasmanian mountain pepper ) , which is also the root of the Japanese .


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Question: Until the Cultural Revolution , the guqin 's strings were always made of various thicknesses of twisted silk ã ç ã , but since then most players use modern nylon-flatwound steel strings ã é 1\/4 ç ã .

zhongqing gauge ) with a container of ` string gum ' ã ç è ã , ã -- ä é ç ç å 1\/4 ã -- Shangyin Shanghai Conservatorie Quality Qin Strings ( metal-nylon ) , ã -- è ä å ç ç ã -- Huqiu Silk Strings ) ) Until recently , the guqin 's strings were always made of various thicknesses of twisted silk , but since then most players use modern nylon-flatwound steel strings .

According to the Jungbo Sallim geongje ( ì ë ì ë 1\/4 ê 1\/2 ì , 1765 ) , gochujang was made by adding powdered red chili peppers and glutinous rice powder to soybean paste , and aging this paste under the sun .


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Question: The qin is a very quiet instrument , with a range of about four octaves , and its open strings are tuned in the bass register ( its lowest pitch is about two octaves below middle C , or the lowest note on the cello ) .

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The guqin is a very quiet instrument , with a range of about four octaves , and its open strings are tuned in the bass register . Its lowest pitch is about two octaves below middle C , or the lowest note on the cello .

In the United States , Canada and United Kingdom , most professional orchestral players use four-string double basses with a `` C extension '' , which extends the lowest string down as far as low C , an octave below the lowest note on the cello ( more rarely , this string may be tuned to a low B ) .


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Question: His successor , Zhou Wu Wang å ` æ ç , added a seventh string to motivate his troops into battle with the Shang .

His successor , Zhou Wu Wang , added a seventh string to motivate his troops into battle with the Shang .

The Han Dynasty 's first emperor was originally known as the king of the region of ` Han Zhong ' æ ä , which is where the word is derived .


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Question: The strings are taken out and left to dry , before being cut into the appropriate length .

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The strings is taken out and left to dry , before being cut into the appropriate length .

Another grooved plank is glued on top , and the whole assembly is then cut into individual pencils , which are then varnished or painted .


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Question: Because qin tablature is so useful , logical , easy , and the fastest way ( once the performer knows how to read the notation ) of learning a piece , it is invaluable to the qin player and can not totally be replaced .

Because qin tablature is so useful , logical , easy , and the fastest way ( once the performer knows how to read the notation ) of learning a piece , it is invaluable to the qin player and can not totally be replaced ( just as staff notation can not be replaced for Western instruments , because they developed a notation system that suited the instruments well ) .

As a language no longer in common use ( a dead language , though some would dispute whether it should be called `` dead '' ) , Latin has the advantage that the meaning of its words is less likely to change radically from century to century .


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Question: This notation form was called jianzi pu ã '' æ å -- è ã ( literally `` reduced notation '' ) and it was a great step forward for recording qin scores .

This notation form was called jianzi pu ( æ å -- è ) ( literally `` reduced notation '' ) and it was a great leap forward for recording qin pieces .

Dapu ( æ `` è ) is the transcribing of old tablature into a playable form .


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Question: It is the longest music track included on the disc .

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It is the longest excerpt included on the disc .

The song was not intended to be included in either the upcoming album or the Holy Wood feature film .


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Question: Each part of the qin has meaning , some more obvious , like `` dragon pool '' ã é 3\/4 æ ã and `` phoenix pond '' ã é æ 1\/4 ã .

Each part of the qin has meaning , some more obvious , like `` dragon pool '' and `` phoenix pond '' .

ã , but is practically always ã `` ã '' ã `` ã ã


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Question: But it would be a mistake to say that qin music has no rhythm or melody .

But it would be a mistake to assume that qin music is devoid of rhythm and melody .

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He argued that allowing human emotions to express themselves was important and nurtured Chinese literature in Japan for this reason .


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Question: Thus , the xiao generally used for this purpose is one pitched in the key of F , known as qin xiao , which is narrower than an ordinary xiao .

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Thus , the xiao generally used for this purpose is one pitched in the key of F , known as qin xiao ã ç ç `` ã , which is narrower than an ordinary xiao .

Similar to the Medieval recorders , and unlike the Baroque style recorders typically used today , Renaissance recorders have a wide , more or less cylindrical bore . They have powerful low notes ( much more so than the Baroque recorders ) .


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Question: It is written in a longhand form called wenzi pu ã '' æ -- å -- è ã ( literally `` written notation '' ) , which gives all the details using ordinary written Chinese characters .

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It is written in a longhand form called wenzi pu ( æ -- å -- è ) ( literally `` written notation '' ) , said to have been created by Yong Menzhou during the Warring States Period , which gives all the details using ordinary written Chinese characters .

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The term radical may also be applied to the graphic portion of a character ( regardless of its roleâ '' phonetic , semantic , both , or noneâ '' in that character ) under which it is listed in the dictionary , known in Chinese as é é -- bÃ shÇ ' u ( Japanese bushu , Korean busu ) .


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Question: Many qin players attend yaji ( ã é é ã literally `` elegant gatherings '' ) , at which a number of qin players , music lovers , or anyone with an interest in Chinese culture can come along to discuss and play the qin .

Many qin players attend yajis , at which a number of qin players , music lovers , or anyone with an interest in Chinese culture can come along to discuss and play the qin .

By the 20th century , there had been attempts to try to replace the `` jianzi pu '' notation , but so far , it has been unsuccessful ; since the 20th century , qin music is generally printed with staff notation above the qin tablature .


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Question: Sounds are produced by pluck open strings , stopped strings , and harmonics .

Sounds are produced by plucking open strings , stopped strings , and harmonics .

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The method of producing vibrato on other instruments varies . On string instruments , for example , the finger used to stop the string can be wobbled on the fingerboard , or actually moved up and down the string for a wider vibrato .


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Question: The thirteen hui ã å 3\/4 1\/2 ã on the surface represent the 13 months of the year ( the extra 13th is the ` leap month ' in the lunar calendar ) .

The thirteen hui on the surface represent the 13 months of the year ( the extra 13th is the ` leap month ' in the lunar calendar ) .

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Ï Î ( psyche , `` soul '' ) and Î Î Î '' Î á Î 1\/2 ( deloun , `` to manifest '' ) , translating to `` soul-manifesting '' .


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Question: In addition to learning to play established or ancient pieces very well , highly skilled qin players may also compose or improvise , although the player must be very good and extremely familiar with the instrument to be successful at it .

In addition to learning to play established or ancient pieces very well , highly skilled qin players may also compose or improvise , although the player must be very good and extremely familiar with the instrument to do this successfully .

Tchaikovsky likely had some form of instruction in composing Swan Lake , as he had to know what sort of dances would be required .


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Question: Schwelm is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia .

The city of Schwelm was officially established in 1496 and became seat of the Ennepe-Ruhr district in 1929 . According to its area , Schwelm is the smallest town in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis , in North Rhine-Westphalia , ( Germany ) .


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Question: The original office building of the brewery , the `` Rietz ` sche Haus '' built in 1701 , is still in use today .

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The original administration building of the brewery , the `` Rietz ` sche Haus '' built in 1701 , is still in use today .

In 1842 , Ignaz Vanotti from Constance bought a large tract of land and built a residential and commercial building in 1843 to house the emigrant press of Bellevue , which had previously been located in RÃ merburg .


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Question: The history of Schwelm goes back to the ninth century , where it is first mentioned as `` Suelmiu '' .

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The history of Schwelm can be traced back to the ninth century , where it is first mentioned as `` Suelmiu '' .

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It was then located on the territory of Lower Lorraine , in the area of Geldern and Roermond , with its main stronghold at Montfort ( built 1260 ) .


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Question: It was started in 1830 by Haarmann & Kathagen , the brewery was one of the first worldwide to switch from wooden to metal barrels .

Established in 1830 by Haarmann & Kathagen , the brewery was one of the first worldwide to switch from wooden to metal storage containers .

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Kupferhof Bauschenberg had a great influence on the brass industry in the city which made Stolberg the world leader in brass production for more than a century .


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Question: Parasites are very specialised feeders : many species have only one host ; and only a minority use more than two host species .

; Infracommunity : All the parasites of all species in a single individual host . ; Compound community : All the parasites of all species in all host species in an ecosystem .

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This cycle of a predator and prey evolving to one another is sometimes termed an evolutionary arms race and has resulted in the newts producing levels of toxin far in excess of what is needed to kill any other conceivable predator .


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Question: The introduction of what became the Class 126 diesel multiple units originated in a British Transport Commission report of 1952 that suggested the trial use of diesel railcars .

The introduction of these early diesel multiple units originated in a British Transport Commission report of 1952 that suggested the trial use of diesel railcars .

In the early planning stages of the line an articulated type of rolling stock was considered but the idea was dropped because of difficulties in transferring the stock to Acton Works for heavy overhauls .


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Question: Brazil is a city in the state of Indiana , in the United States .

Brazil is a city in Clay County , Indiana , United States .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: It is the county seat of Clay County .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Rocky Rapids has no public transit .']>>  to "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Rocky Rapids has one store .']"

The city is the county seat of Clay County .

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Warsaw is a city in Indiana and the county seat of , Kosciusko County , Indiana , United States .


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Question: One notable omission was South Africa , who were banned from international cricket due to apartheid .

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One notable omission was the South African cricket team who were not competing due to the international sports boycott .

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FIFA objected to the president 's decision and threatened to evict Nigeria from the association .


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Question: At a meeting which followed the World Cup , the International Cricket Conference agreed to make the competition a quadrennial event .

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At their meeting which followed the World Cup , the International Cricket Conference agreed to make the competition a four-yearly event .

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Officially , the games lasted for four and a half months ; in fact , James Edward Sullivan tried to hold an event every day for the duration of the fair .


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Question: In the semi-final , Sri Lanka , heading towards a crushing victory over India at Eden Gardens ( Calcutta ) after their hosts lost eight wickets while scoring 120 runs in pursuit of 254 , were awarded victory by default after riots broke out in protest against the Indian performance .

In the semi-final , Sri Lanka , headed towards a crushing victory over India at Eden Gardens ( Calcutta ) after their hosts slumped to 120\/8 from being 98\/1 in pursuit of 252 , were awarded victory by default after riots broke out in protest against the Indian performance .

Ireland making their World Cup debut tied with Zimbabwe and defeated Pakistan to progress to the second round , where they went on to defeating Bangladesh to get promoted to the main ODI table . Following their defeat to Ireland , the Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer was found dead in his hotel room ; contrasting reports from different sources say that he was either murdered or died of natural causes .


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For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'In one rock shelter , hundreds of kilometres from Darwin , there is a painting the wharf at Darwin . It shows buildings and boats , the Europeans with their hats and pipes .']' should have a representation like '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'One remote shelter , several hundred kilometres from Darwin , has a painting of the wharf at Darwin , including buildings and boats , and Europeans with hats and pipes , some apparently without hands ( which they have in their trouser pockets ) .']' but very far from '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The later Gravettian occupation , which occurred 25,000 to 27,000 years ago , left little but a child 's footprints , the charred remains of ancient hearths and carbon smoke stains from torches that lit the caves ."]'.

Question: Kenya 's victories over Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe , among others -- and a forfeit by the New Zealand team , which refused to play in Kenya because of security concerns -- enabled Kenya to reach the semi-finals , the best result by an associate .

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Kenya 's victories against Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe , among others , along with New Zealand 's forfeit helped them get a Semi-final berth against India , the best result by an associate .


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Question: Eight teams participated in the first tournament : Australia , England , India , New Zealand , Pakistan , and the West Indies ( the six Test nations at the time ) , together with Sri Lanka and a composite team from East Africa .

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Eight teams participated in the first tournament : Australia , England , the West Indies , Pakistan , India , and New Zealand ( the six Test nations at the time ) , with Sri Lanka and a composite team from East Africa .

The Rous Cup was a short-lived football competition in the second half of the 1980s , contested between England , Scotland and , in later years , a guest team from South America .


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Question: The 1992 World Cup , held in Australia and New Zealand , introduced many changes to the game , such as colored clothing , white balls , day\/night matches , and an alteration to the fielding restrictions .

The 1992 Cricket World Cup held by Australia and New Zealand brought many changes to the game such as colored clothing , white balls , day\/night matches and an alteration to the fielding restrictions .

He created a style of hockey puck still used today , and advocated an improved style of goal nets , a change that lasted forty years .


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Question: In the final , Australia dismissed Pakistan for 132 and then reached the target in less than 20 overs , with eight wickets in hand .

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In the final Australia dismissed Pakistan for 132 and reached the target in just over 20 overs , with eight wickets in hand .

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In the game , he threw for two touchdowns and a Super Bowl-record 414 passing yards , including a critical 73-yard touchdown to Isaac Bruce when the game was tied with just over two minutes to play .


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Question: The 1979 World Cup saw the introduction of the ICC Trophy competition to select non-Test playing teams for the World Cup , with Sri Lanka and Canada qualifying .

The 1979 Cricket World Cup saw the introduction of the ICC Trophy , a competition used to select non-Test playing teams for the World Cup . Sri Lanka and Canada qualified through the ICC Trophy in 1979 .


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Question: The first three events were held in England and officially known as the Prudential Cup after the sponsors Prudential plc. .

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The first three tournaments were officially known as the Prudential Cup after the financial services company Prudential plc who sponsored the event .

The stadium has previously officially been titled the City Stadium due to a sponsorship deal with the City group ; it had also previously been called the West Lothian Courier Stadium .


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Question: The matches consisted of 60 six-ball overs per team , played during the daytime in traditional form , with the players wearing cricket whites and using red cricket balls .

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The matches were of 60 overs per team and played in traditional white uniform and red balls .

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The main difference is that the ball may bounce twice before it is hit , the second bounce may even be outside the court . All four Grand Slam tournaments include wheelchair tennis .


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Question: Ireland making their World Cup debut tied with Zimbabwe and defeated Pakistan to progress to the second round , where they went on to defeat Bangladesh Following their defeat to Ireland , the Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer was found dead in his hotel room .

Ireland making their World Cup debut tied with Zimbabwe and defeated Pakistan to progress to the second round , where they went on to defeating Bangladesh to get promoted to the main ODI table . Following their defeat to Ireland , the Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer was found dead in his hotel room ; contrasting reports from different sources say that he was either murdered or died of natural causes .

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Kenya 's victories against Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe , among others , along with New Zealand 's forfeit helped them get a Semi-final berth against India , the best result by an associate .


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Question: India , an outsider quoted at 66-1 to win by bookmakers before the competition began , were crowned champions after upsetting the West Indies by 43 runs in the final .

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India were crowned champions after upsetting the West Indies by 43 runs in the final .

Fans queued overnight for a seat in the stadium , and the capacity was reached more than two hours before kick-off .


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Question: West Indies won a second consecutive World Cup tournament , defeating the hosts , England , by 92 runs in the final .

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West Indies again won the World Cup tournament , defeating England by 92 runs .

It followed the 1995 Rugby World Cup by hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations , with the national team going on to win the tournament .


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Question: By this time , Sri Lanka had become a Test-playing nation , and Zimbabwe qualified through the ICC Trophy .

By this time , Sri Lanka had become a Test playing nation , and Zimbabwe qualified through the ICC Trophy .

Its squad was a group of hopefuls who were only contracted to clubs within Lebanon . Lebanon drew 4 games , won 2 against the Hong Kong national football team and the India national football team and lost twice to the powerhouses , and eventual qualifiers , Korea Republic .


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Question: In the final , Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets , the largest ever total in a final , defeating India by 125 runs .

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In the final , Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets , the largest ever total in a final , to defeat India by 125 runs .

He was a right arm medium pace swing bowler , and played in 32 Test matches and 42 One Day Internationals for the New Zealand national cricket team .


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Question: They then proceeded to the final with a tied match in the semi-final ( also against South Africa ) where a mix-up between South African batsmen Lance Klusener and Allan Donald saw Donald drop his bat and stranded mid-pitch to be run out .

However , a mix-up between Klusener and Allan Donald on the fourth ball saw Donald drop his bat and be stranded mid-pitch to be run out .

Though the challenge started on even ground , Ian was the first to get the fire high enough to burn through a rope and raise a red flag , and Jenn was eliminated from the game .


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Question: The inaugural Cricket World Cup was hosted in 1975 by England , the only nation able to put forward the resources to stage an event of such magnitude at that time .

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The Cricket World Cup was first held in 1975 in England , which was the only nation that was able to put forward the resources to stage an event of such magnitude .

The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics Games , more than any other nation . The United Kingdom will have hosted three Summer Olympics Games when they return to the British capital in 2012 , all of them have been ( and will be ) in London , making it the first city to hold the Summer Olympic Games three times .


Question: Australia won the championship by defeating England by 7 runs in the final , the closest margin in World Cup final history .

Australia won the championship by defeating England by 7 runs , the closest margin so far in World Cup final history .

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The Indian hockey team won the 1975 Hockey World Cup and 8 gold , 1 silver and 2 bronze medals at the Olympic games , making it one of the world 's most successful national hockey teams ever .


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Question: The tournament was won by the West Indies , who defeated Australia by 17 runs in the final at Lord 's .

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West Indies won the first Cricket World Cup by defeating Australia by 17 runs in the final .

The final was played at the City of Manchester Stadium , Manchester , England on 14 May 2008 between Rangers of Scotland and Zenit St. Petersburg of Russia .


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Question: The games were reduced from 60 to 50 overs per innings , the current standard , because of the shorter daylight hours in the Indian subcontinent compared with England 's summer .

The games were reduced from 60 to 50 overs per innings , the current standard , because of the shorter daylight hours on the subcontinent when compared to England .

Although the minimum stadium capacity for category four is 8,000 , no stadium with a capacity less than 40,000 has been selected to host a UEFA Europa League Final , and no stadium with a capacity less than 60,000 has been selected to host a UEFA Champions League Final , since these regulations were introduced in 2006 .


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Question: In 2007 the tournament was hosted by the West Indies . The Cricket World Cup became the world tournament to be hosted on all six populated continents .

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In 2007 the tournament was hosted by the West Indies ; the Cricket World Cup became the first such tournament to be hosted on all six populated continents - Europe ( 1975 , 1979 , 1983 , 1999 ) ; Asia ( 1987 , 1996 ) ; Australasia ( 1992 ) ; Africa ( 2003 ) ; North and South America ( 2007 ) .

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Instead , those events were held five months earlier in Stockholm , Sweden , marking the second time that events of the same Olympics were held in different countries .


Question: Sri Lanka went on to win their maiden championship by defeating Australia by seven wickets in the final , which was held in Lahore .

Sri Lanka went on to claim their inaugural championship by defeating the favorites Australia in the final by seven wickets , held in Lahore .

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Question: The cause of death was heart failure , Australia defeated Sri Lanka in the final by 53 runs ( D\/L ) , extending their undefeated run in the World Cup to 29 matches and winning three straight World Cups .

Australia defeated Sri Lanka in the final by 53 runs ( D\/L ) , in farcical light conditions , extending their undefeated run in the World Cup to 29 matches and winning three straight World Cups .

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Question: In 1999 the event was hosted by England , with some matches also being held in Scotland , Ireland , Wales and the Netherlands .

The 1999 event returned to England after sixteen years with some matches also held in Ireland , Scotland and the Netherlands .

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Question: The South African cricket team participated in the event for the first time , following the fall of the apartheid regime and the end of the international sports boycott .

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It was the first tournament that the South African cricket team played in , following the end of the international sports boycott .

Controlled by the Football Federation of Kosovo , the governing body for football in Kosovo , they are not a member of FIFA or UEFA . The Kosovo national football team was formed following the break-up of the former Yugoslavia , and has played a number of friendly matches .


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Question: The 1987 tournament , named the Reliance World Cup after their Indian sponsors , was held in India and Pakistan , the first time that the competition was held outside England .

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For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In 1877 large mounds of earth were placed between the pits to make sure the guns could not fire upon each other and to help protect the gun crew from enemy fire .']>>  to <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In 1877 large mounds of earth were placed between the pits to make sure the guns neither could fire upon each other and to help protect the gun crew from enemy fire .']>>

The 1987 Cricket World Cup held in India and Pakistan was the first World Cup hosted outside of England .


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Question: South Africa , Zimbabwe and Kenya hosted the 2003 World Cup .

South Africa , Zimbabwe and Kenya hosted the 2003 Cricket World Cup .

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Finland , Turkey , and New Zealand ( as part of the team from Australasia ) made their first appearance at the Olympic Games .


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Question: Pakistan overcame a dismal start to emerge as winners , defeating England by 22 runs in the final .

Referred as the ` Cornered Tigers ' at the time , Pakistan overcame a dismal start to emerge as winners , defeating England by 22 runs in the final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground .

Ireland making their World Cup debut tied with Zimbabwe and defeated Pakistan to progress to the second round , where they went on to defeating Bangladesh to get promoted to the main ODI table . Following their defeat to Ireland , the Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer was found dead in his hotel room ; contrasting reports from different sources say that he was either murdered or died of natural causes .


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Question: Hereford cattle are a widely used breed in temperate areas , mainly for beef production .

Hereford cattle are a beef cattle breed , widely used both in intemperate areas and temperate areas , mainly for meat production .

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Many oxen are used worldwide , especially in developing countries .


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Question: This is a testament to the hardiness of the breed ; while originating in cool , moist Britain , they have thrived in much harsher climates . The breed has adapted to a wide range of climates on nearly every continent .

They originally found great popularity among ranchers of the American Southwest , testament to the hardiness of the breed ; while originating in cool , moist Britain , they have proven to thrive in much harsher climates on nearly every continent .

Though African spiny mice originated in the deserts of Africa , they are frequently kept as exotic pets in other parts of the world , particularly Western nations such as the United States .


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Question: Catherine Howard was a cousin of Henry 's second wife , Anne Boleyn .

Mary Boleyn was Henry 's mistress before her sister , Anne , became his second wife .

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In 1549 , Seymour 's ambitions led him to being arrested and beheaded ; after which , Sudeley Castle became the property of Catherine 's brother , William Parr , Marquess of Northampton .


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Question: Henry was born in Greenwich Palace on 28 June 1491 and was the second son of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York .

Born at Greenwich Palace , Henry VIII was the third child of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .

represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.
Given ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words Given Botanical gardens or botanic gardens are generally well-tended parks displaying a wide range of plants labeled with their botanical names ., a positive would be A botanical garden is generally a well maintained park which contains many different kinds of plants labeled with their botanical names .', 'MÃ rio Jorge Lobo Zagallo ( born August 9 , 1931 in MaceiÃ ) is a Brazilian football coach and former player of Lebanese and Italian ( venetian ) heritage .'], a positive would be ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'MÃ rio Zagallo ( born 9 August 1931 ) is a former Brazilian football player .']

The college was founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou ( the Queen of Henry VI ) , and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville ( the Queen of Edward IV ) .


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Question: Henry 's older brother was called Arthur .

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As it was expected that the throne would pass to Prince Arthur , Henry 's older brother , Henry was prepared for a life in the church .

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Question: Henry VIII ( 28 June 1491 â `` 28 January 1547 ) was the King of England from 1509 until his death .

Henry VIII ( 28 June 1491 â `` 28 January 1547 ) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death .

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Alfred Edward Morgans ( 17 February 1850 â `` 10 August 1933 ) was Premier of Western Australia for just 32 days , from 21 November to 23 December 1901 .


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Question: He could speak fluent Latin , French and Spanish .

Henry was given a first-rate education from leading tutors , becoming fluent in Latin , French , and Spanish .

Aside from English , Tao speaks Cantonese , but does not write Chinese .


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Question: It is the biggest member of the group that bears its name , the moons orbiting between 11.4 and 13 million kilometers from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5 Â .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning For example, ['', 'Horst Wolter ( born 8 June 1942 in Berlin , Germany ) is a former German international football player .'] should be similar to ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'Horst Wolter ( born 8 June , 1942 ) is a former German football player .']

It is the largest member of the group that bears its name , the moons orbiting between 11.4 and 13 million kilometers from Jupiter at an inclination of about 27.5 Â .

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In 2058 , Cruithne will come within 0.09 AU ( 13.6 million kilometres ) of Mars .


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Question: It was found by Charles Dillon Perrine at the Lick Observatory on December 3 1904 and is named after the nymph Himalia who bore three sons of Zeus ( the Greek equivalent of Jupiter ) .

Himalia , the largest irregular satellite of Jupiter , was discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at the Lick Observatory on 3 December 1904 .

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Thalassa was named after sea goddesss Thalassa , a daughter of Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology .


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Question: The moon covers only a few pixels , but seems to be a stretched object with axes 150 Â 20 and 120 Â 20 km , close to the Earth-based estimations .

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The moon covers only a few pixels , but seems to be an elongated object with axes 150 Â 20 and 120 Â 20 km , close to the Earth-based estimations .

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Hektor is one of the most elongated bodies of its size in the solar system , being 370 Ã -- 200 km .


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Question: Himalia did not get its present name until 1975 ; before then , it was simply known as ' or Jupiter Satellite VI , although calls for a full name appeared shortly after its and Elara 's discovery ; A.C.D. Crommelin wrote in 1905 , Unfortunately the numeration of Jupiter 's satellites is now in precisely the same confusion as that of Saturn 's system was before the numbers were abandoned and names substituted .

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The moon did not receive its present name until 1975 ; before then , it was simply known as ' or Jupiter Satellite VI , although calls for a full name appeared shortly after its and Elara 's discovery ; A.C.D. Crommelin wrote in 1905 : Unfortunately the numeration of Jupiter 's satellites is now in precisely the same confusion as that of Saturn 's system was before the numbers were abandoned and names substituted .

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The formal name `` Nix '' , from the Greek goddess of darkness and night , and mother of Charon , was announced on June 21 , 2006 , on IAU Circular 8723 , where the designation Pluto II is also given .


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Question: In February and March 2007 , the New Horizons spacecraft to Pluto made a series of pictures of Himalia , culminating in photos from a distance of eight million km .

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In February and March 2007 , the New Horizons spacecraft to Pluto made a series of images of Himalia , culminating in photos from a distance of eight million km .

Provided Voyager 1 does not collide with any stellar objects , the New Horizons space probe will never pass it , despite being launched from Earth at a faster speed than either Voyager spacecraft .


Question: Driggs is a city of Idaho in the United States .

Driggs is a city in Teton County , Idaho , United States .

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Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama .


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Question: Ulm is a city in Germany , in the state of Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg .

Ulm is a city in the German Bundesland of Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg , situated on the River Danube .

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Philippsburg is a town in Germany , in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg .