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Question: Geo wears a shape belt containing many different kinds of shapes and can create anything .

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Geo wears a shape belt and can create anything by assembling shapes and then singing `` Super Shapes '' .

Balloons can sometimes be modeled to form shapes of animals .


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Question: A smart and imaginative 6 year old girl , whose voice is provided by Sofia Fox .

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A smart and intelligent 6 year old girl , whose voice is provided by Sophia Fox .

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Jim , Sharon , and Caroline each had small parts as musicians , while Andrea had a speaking part as Sharon Rabbitte .


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Question: She 's a friend of Bot and sister of Geo .

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Priscilla Harrel : Cecilia 's childhood friend .


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Question: Le Faulq is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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The provided query could be "["represent the natural language\nE.g.:\nSusie 's ears had an unusual fold in their middle , making her resemble an owl . == Susie 's ears had an strange fold in the middle . This made her look like an owl .", 'The district was formed on 1 April 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , from the Municipal Borough of Abingdon , Wantage Urban District , Abingdon Rural District , Faringdon Rural District and part of the Wantage Rural District of Berkshire .']" and the positive "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The district was formed on 1 April 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 .']"

Le Faulq is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: A person who was born on February 29 may be called a `` leapling '' . In non-leap years they usually celebrate their birthday on February 28 or March 1 .

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In Taiwan the legal birthday of a leapling is also February 28 in common years .

September begins on the same day of the week as December every year , because there are 91 days separating September and December , which is a multiple of seven ( the number of days in the week ) . No other month ends on the same day of the week as September in any year .


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Question: February 29 , or bissextile day , is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar , with 306 days remaining .

February 29 is the 60th day of the Gregorian calendar in such a year , with 306 days remaining until the end of that year .

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1986 ( MCMLXXXVI ) was a common year that started on a Wednesday , in accordance with the Gregorian calendar .


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Question: Only leap years have February 29 .

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Years containing a leap day are called leap years .

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By comparison , in the Julian calendar , 300 out of every 400 years were common years .


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Question: In non-leap years they usually celebrate their birthday on February 28 or March 1 .

In non-leap years they typically celebrate their birthday on either February 28 or March 1 .

In common years January starts on the same day of the week as October , but no other month starts on the same day of the week as October in leap years as the month begins on the same day of the week as August of the previous year . October ends on the same day of the week as February every year and January in common years only .


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Question: In Taiwan , the law says that the birthday of a leapling is February 28 in years that are not leap years .

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In England and Wales the legal birthday of a leapling is February 28 in common years ( see Leap Years , above ) . In Taiwan the legal birthday of a leapling is also February 28 in common years .

In a non-leap year , there are 365 days , in a leap year there are 366 days . A leap year occurs every 4 years .


Question: A person who was born on February 29 may be called a `` leapling '' .

A person who was born on February 29 may be called a `` leapling '' or a `` leap year baby . ''

Century leap years always start on a Saturday , and the February 29 intercalation of such years is always a Tuesday .


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Question: He was the last Roman Catholic king of Scotland , England , or Ireland .

He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England , Scotland , and Ireland .

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Jacobitism was the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England , Scotland , later the Kingdom of Great Britain , and the Kingdom of Ireland .


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Question: He was not replaced by his Roman Catholic son , James Francis Edward , but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law , Mary II and William III ( William II of Scotland ) , who became rulers in 1689 .

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He was replaced by William of Orange who became king as William III , ruling jointly with his wife ( James 's daughter ) Mary II . Thus William and Mary , both Protestants , became joint rulers in 1689 .

Ernest Augustus I ( 5 June 1771 â `` 18 November 1851 ) was King of Hanover from 20 June 1837 until his death . He was the fifth son and eighth child of George III , who reigned in both the United Kingdom and Hanover .


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Question: James II of England\/VII of Scotland ( 14 October 1633-16 September 1701 ) became King of Scots , King of England , and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685 , and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660 .

James II & VII ( 14 October 1633 -- 16 September 1701 ) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII , from 6 February 1685 .

Francis I ( 12 September 1494 â `` 31 March 1547 ) was King of France from 1515 until his death .


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Question: Lignan-de-Bordeaux is one of a lot of communes that can be found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

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Lignan-de-Bordeaux is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

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Charente-Maritime is a department on the west coast of France named after the Charente River .


Question: For a sunken object , the volume of displaced fluid is the volume of the object , and for a floating object on a liquid , the weight of the displaced liquid is the weight of the object .

with the clarifications that for a sunken object the volume of displaced fluid is the volume of the object , and for a floating object on a liquid , the weight of the displaced liquid is the weight of the object .

Thus , a book lying on a table has less gravitational potential energy than the same book on top of a taller cupboard , and less gravitational potential energy than a heavier book lying on the same table . An object at a certain height above the Moon 's surface has less gravitational potential energy than at the same height above the Earth 's surface because the Moon 's gravity is weaker .


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Question: Briefly : Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid .

More tersely : Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid .

Distance from starting point is always equal to magnitude of displacement .


Question: The club was reformed and renamed F.C. Halifax Town in July 2008 .

The club was reformed as F.C. Halifax Town in July 2008 .

The team originated that year in Vancouver , British Columbia and relocated to Memphis in 2001 .


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Question: The club had money problems and went into administration during the 2007 â `` 08 season , and after finishing 20th in the Conference National , were demoted by three divisions to the Unibond Division One North when the club failed to get a Company Voluntary Arrangement ( CVA ) passed .

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The club went into administration during the 2007 -- 08 season , and after finishing 20th in the Conference National , were demoted by three divisions to the Northern Premier League Division One North when the club failed to get a Company Voluntary Arrangement ( CVA ) passed .

Leitch , after winning the Challenge Cup but suffering relegation , stood down at the end of the 2006 â `` 07 season , almost exactly one year after his appointment .


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'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Traditionally , there are also the six sÃ 1\\/2 slur ( `` regions '' ; NorÃ oyar , Eysturoy , Streymoy , VÃ gar , Sandoy and SuÃ uroy ) ."]' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', "Traditionally , there are also the six sÃ 1\\/2 slur ( `` regions '' : NorÃ oyar , Eysturoy , Streymoy , VÃ gar , Sandoy and SuÃ uroy ) ."]' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "( as Ð Ð 3\\/4 Ð '' Ð 3\\/4 Ñ Ð Ñ Ð Ñ , \\/ poloteskÅ \\/ ) , together with Murom and Beloozero ."]'

Question: Halifax Town Association Football Club were an English football team who most recently played in the Conference National .

Halifax Town Association Football Club were an English football team who most recently played in the Conference National , although prior to that they participated in the Football League for over eighty years .

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Sutton United Football Club is an English football team currently playing in the Isthmian League Premier Division .


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Question: Although he had his job in WolfenbÃ 1\/4 ttel for many years he also worked a lot in Dresden where he met Heinrich SchÃ 1\/4 tz and in Magdeburg where he met Samuel Scheidt .

Michael Praetorius died in WolfenbÃ 1\/4 ttel , Germany , and is entombed in a vault beneath the organ of St Mary 's Church in WolfenbÃ 1\/4 ttel .

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Fewshot example: "['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Eisenstein 's pedagogy , like his films , were politically charged and contained quotes from Vladimir Lenin interwoven with his teaching ."]" == "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Eisenstein 's teaching , like his films , were politically charged and contained quotes from Vladimir Lenin ."]"

It was created in 1923 in memory of Georg BÃ 1\/4 chner and was only given to artists who came from or were closely tied to BÃ 1\/4 chner 's home of Hesse .


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Question: Michael Praetorius ( born Creuzburg an der Werra , near Eisenach 15 February 1571 ? ; died WolfenbÃ 1\/4 ttel , 15 February 1621 ) was a German composer , organist and music theorist .

Michael Praetorius ( probably February 15 , 1571 -- February 15 , 1621 ) was a German composer , organist , and writer about music .

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Arp Schnitger ( born July 2 , 1648 in Schmalenfleth , buried July 28 , 1719 ) was a highly influential German organ builder .


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Question: McCormick played instead . Plymouth Argyle beat Stockport County on 24 January 2004 .

Upon winning a 2 -- 0 game over Stockport County on 24 January 2004 , McCormick set a new club record of seven consecutive clean sheets , leading him to be voted the most promising player of the 2003 -- 04 season by Plymouth Argyle fans .

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He finally netted his first goal , against Old Firm rivals and former employers Rangers at Celtic Park in September 2006 .


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Question: In the 2003\/04 season , McCormick played when Romain Larrieu could not . Larrieu injured his knee .

McCormick was a professional footballer who started the 2003 -- 04 season at Plymouth Argyle as a backup for Romain Larrieu , but when Larrieu sustained an injury to his cruciate knee ligaments , he soon proved himself a competent replacement .

Before he was injured , Butcher was close to signing a Â # 1million return to England with Manchester United , but his injury saw the transfer canceled and United manager Alex Ferguson signed Norwich City 's Steve Bruce instead .


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Examples:

Given ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'The club was founded in 1877 and permanently closed in 2002 .'] it matches with ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The club was founded in 1877 and started with three dozen players ; membership later reached into the hundreds before the club ended its existence in 2002 .'] but not with ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Scottish Tramway and Transport Society was founded on 27 June 1951 .']

Question: The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship , request for bureaucratship or request for checkusership that did not succeed .

The following discussion is preserved as an archive of a request for adminship that did not succeed .

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Although RfA has no specific minimum requirements , in general the community looks for certain basic levels of contributions without which an RfA is certain to fail .


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Question: Shapiros10 ` Flap the Yap 13:25 , 17 January 2009 ( UTC ) The above adminship discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion .

The above adminship discussion is preserved as an archive of the discussion .

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A vote on the project 's name changed it to Wikisource on December 6 , 2003 .


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Question: These tactics were to prove so successful in 1917 and 1918 that the French dubbed them `` Hutier tactics '' , although the more commonly used term today is `` infiltration tactics '' .

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The tactics became especially associated with the stormtroopers of the German Army , where they were also called Hutier tactics , after General Oskar von Hutier , who used these tactics to great effect during Operation Michael in March 1918 .

However , after his death he was increasingly criticised for issuing orders which led to excessive casualties of British troops under his command , particularly on the Western Front , earning him the nickname `` Butcher of the Somme '' .


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Question: Coach Robert Neyland held Hickman in high regard .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'On 20 July 2007 , it was announced that Scottish Football League would be sponsored by Scottish soft drink Irn-Bru for the next three seasons .']>>  to "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'On July 20 , 2007 , it was announced that the Scottish Football League would be sponsored by Scottish soft drink company Irn-Bru for the next three seasons .']"

Legendary coach Robert Neyland held Hickman in hig regard .

New York was managed by Miller Huggins .


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Question: Hickman was also named to the All-Southern team in 1931 with teammate Gene McEver .

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Hickman was also named to the All-Southern team in 1931 , joining teammate Gene McEver .

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Wistert also earned varsity letters in baseball three years and was selected as the Most Valuable Player in the Big Ten Conference in 1934 .


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Question: Hickman also was a professional wrestler , known as `` The Tennessee Terror . '' He wrestled in over 500 matches .

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Hickman also was a professional wrestler , known as `` The Tennessee Terror , having over 500 matches . ,

Mike Shaw ( May 9 , 1957 â `` September 11 , 2010 ) was a professional wrestler who was best known for his stint in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) as Norman The Lunatic , and as Bastion Booger in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) .


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Question: He was chosen for Grantland Rice 's All American football team in 1931 .

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He was named to Grantland Rice 's All American football team in 1931 on the heels of his performance in the New York University ( NYU ) Charity game at Yankee Stadium .

He was also the recipient of the Calder Trophy in 1949 .


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Question: Herman M. Hickman ( October 1 , 1911 - April 25 , 1958 ) was a Hall of Fame college football player for the University of Tennessee , and played for the NFL 's Brooklyn Dodgers .

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Herman M. Hickman ( October 1 , 1911 - April 25 , 1958 ) was a Hall of Fame college football player for the University of Tennessee and later a head football coach for Yale University . He played pro football for the NFL 's Brooklyn Dodgers .

Joseph Charles `` Chuck '' Bernard ( August 29 , 1911 -- March 1962 ) was a professional American football center who played for the Detroit Lions in 1934 and was a two-time All-American at the University of Michigan .


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Question: Hickman was an assistant at Wake Forest , North Carolina State and West Point before earning the head coaching job at Yale University in 1948 .

Hickman was an assistant at Wake Forest , North Carolina State and West Point before earning the head coaching position at Yale in 1948 .

Ruff was named the 15th head coach of the Buffalo Sabres on July 21 , 1997 .


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Question: In 1655 , Edmund O'Meara said that `` the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state . ''

In 1655 , the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund O'Meara said that `` the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state . ''

Paes summarises the king 's attitude to matters of law and order by the sentence , `` The king maintains the law by killing . ''


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Question: Others also disliked animal testing because they felt that animals should not be hurt for humans . Others opposed animal testing for different reasons : many believed that animals were not as good as humans and that they were so different that results of animal testing would not work on humans .

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Early objections to animal testing also came from another angle â '' many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied to humans .

However , many of Darwin 's early supporters ( such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell ) did not agree that the origin of the mental capacities and the moral sensibilities of humans could be explained by natural selection .


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Question: He declared that `` experiments on entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals , save for differences in degree '' . Because of Bernard , animal testing became a regular scientific method .

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Arguing that `` experiments on animals ... are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man ... the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals , save for differences in degree , '' Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method .

Evidence does exist , however , which indicate the possibility that research facilities had developed a process for the industrial production of soap from human bodies .


Question: In the 19th century , laws about drugs were less strict .

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In the 19th century , laws regulating drugs were more relaxed .

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As was realized in the previous decade in Canada and the next year in Hong Kong , existing habits are hard to replace .


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Examples:
'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', '( quadrupeds , birds , fish ) folio , 1551 â `` 1558 , at ZÃ 1\\/4 rich , a fifth ( snakes ) being issued in 1587 . This work is the starting-point of modern zoology .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', '( quadrupeds , birds , fishes ) folio , 1551-1558 , at ZÃ 1\\/4 rich , a fifth ( snakes ) being issued in 1587 ( there is a German translation , entitled Thierbuch , of the first 4 vols . , ZÃ 1\\/4 rich , 1563 ) : this work is the starting-point of modern zoology .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Desmarest published ' ( 1805 ) , ' ( 1825 ) , ' ( 1820 ) and ' ( 1816 â `` 30 , with AndrÃ Marie Constant DumÃ ril ) ."]'

Question: On November 3 , 1957 , a Russian dog , Laika , became one of the first animals to orbit the earth .

On November 3 , 1957 , a Russian dog , Laika , became the first of many animals to orbit the earth .

He is one of only 24 humans to have flown to the Moon .


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Question: The earliest mention of animal testing is in the writings of the Greeks in the second and fourth centuries BCE .

The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and 4th centuries BCE .

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The tale of Bel and the Dragon incorporated as chapter 14 of the extended Book of Daniel was written in Aramaic around the late 2nd century BC and translated into Greek in the Septuagint .


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Question: The words animal testing , animal experimentation , animal research , in vivo testing , and vivisection have similar meanings , differently .

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The terms animal testing , animal experimentation , animal research , in vivo testing , and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations .

However , the term is widely used in studies of zoological populations ( veterinary epidemiology ) , although the term ` epizoology ' is available , and it has also been applied to studies of plant populations ( botanical epidemiology ) .


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Question: For example , the EncyclopÃ dia Britannica described `` vivisection '' as : `` Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes ; more broadly , all experimentation on live animals '' . However , dictionaries note that the wider definition is `` used only by people who are opposed ( dislike ) to such work '' .

The term is occasionally used to refer pejoratively to any experiment using living animals ; for example , the EncyclopÃ dia Britannica defines `` vivisection '' as : `` Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes ; more broadly , all experimentation on live animals '' , although dictionaries point out that the broader definition is `` used only by people who are opposed to such work '' .

The word `` longevity '' is sometimes used as a synonym for `` life expectancy '' in demography or to connote `` long life '' , especially when it concerns someone or something lasting longer than expected ( an ancient tree , for example ) .


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Question: In the 1880s , Louis Pasteur showed the germ theory of medicine by putting anthrax in sheep .

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In the 1880s , Louis Pasteur convincingly demonstrated the germ theory of medicine by inducing anthrax in sheep .

With the exception of William Coley who in the late 19th century felt that the rate of cure after surgery had been higher before asepsis ( and who injected bacteria into tumors with mixed results ) , cancer treatment became dependent on the individual art of the surgeon at removing a tumor .


Question: In the 1970s , antibiotic treatments and vaccines for leprosy were made using armadillos , then given to humans .

In the 1970s , antibiotic treatments and vaccines for leprosy were developed using armadillos , then given to humans .

During this work , a culture of the responsible bacteria had spoiled and failed to induce the disease in some chickens he was infecting with the disease .


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Question: O'Meara and others said that animals could be affected by pain during vivisection , making results unreliable .

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O'Meara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection , rendering results unreliable .

Epidemiological tools have proved effective in establishing major causes of diseases like cholera and lung cancer , but have had problems with more subtle health issues , and several recent epidemiological results on medical treatments ( for example , on the effects of hormone replacement therapy ) have been refuted by later randomized controlled trials .


Question:
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'['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'While it was built in history for other reasons , its modern use is to calm down the traffic .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'While historically built for other reasons , its modern use is to calm vehicle traffic .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'But they are not the only reliable sources in such areas .']'

Question: People who support animal testing argue that almost every medical discovery in the 20th century used animals in some way . They say that even complex computers can not model connections between molecules , cells , tissues , organs , organisms , and the environment .

Supporters of the use of animals in experiments , such as the British Royal Society , argue that virtually every medical achievement in the 20th century relied on the use of animals in some way , with the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences arguing that even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions between molecules , cells , tissues , organs , organisms , and the environment , making animal research necessary in many areas .

Many disease processes , such as diabetes , heart disease , autoimmunity , and cancer arise from defects in signal transduction pathways , further highlighting the critical importance of signal transduction to biology , as well as medicine .


Question: In 1996 , Dolly the sheep was born -- the first cloned mammal .

This genetic research progressed rapidly and , in 1996 , Dolly the sheep was born , the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell .

Sir Martin John Evans ( b. 1 January 1941 , Stroud , Gloucestershire ) is a British scientist who , with Matthew Kaufman , was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981 .


Question: Aristotle ( Î ` Ï Î Ï Ï Î Ï Î Î '' Î Ï ) ( 384 -- 322 BCE ) and Erasistratus ( 304 -- 258 BCE ) were some of the first people to try out experiments on living animals .

Aristotle ( Î ` Ï Î Ï Ï Î Ï Î Î '' Î Ï ) ( 384 â `` 322 BCE ) and Erasistratus ( 304 â `` 258 BCE ) were among the first to perform experiments on living animals .

Bateson was the first to suggest the word `` genetics '' ( from the Greek gennÅ , Î Î Î 1\/2 Î 1\/2 Ï ; to give birth ) to describe the study of inheritance and the science of variation in a personal letter to Adam Sedgwick ( 1854-1913 , a Cambridge zoologist , not to be confused with the geologist of that name who lived 1785-1873 ) , dated April 18 , 1905 .


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Question: Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing is the use of animals for experiments .

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Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments .

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The house mouse has been domesticated as the pet or fancy mouse , and as the laboratory mouse which is one of the most important model organisms in biology and medicine .


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Question: In the 20th century , toxicology testing became important .

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Toxicology testing became important in the 20th century .

When it did , limited resources â '' both monetary and equipment â '' required production controls as extensive as in the capitalist world .


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Question: Galen , a doctor in second-century Rome who was known as the `` father of vivisection '' , dissected pigs and goats .

Galen , a physician in 2nd-century Rome , dissected pigs and goats , and is known as the `` father of vivisection . ''

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Browne , who was among the first to question the notion of spontaneous generation , was a medical doctor and amateur scientist making this observation in passing .


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Question: People who dislike animal testing often use the word `` vivisection '' , while scientists usually use the expression `` animal experimentation '' instead .

The word `` vivisection '' is preferred by those opposed to this research , whereas scientists typically use the term `` animal experimentation '' .

`` Piss '' and its association with vulgarity has led to its current classification as obscene , as well as its use in such colloquial expressions as `` to piss off '' and `` piss poor '' . Euphemisms such as `` pee '' are used , but there are many more for the act of urination .


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Question: They argued that experiments on animals were necessary for knowledge .

On the other side of the debate , those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge .

This is not the same as using scientific findings and the scientific method to investigate differences among the humans and argue that there are races .


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Question: In 1896 , Dr. Walter B. Cannon said , â The antivivisectionists are the second of the two types Theodore Roosevelt described when he said , â Common sense without conscience may lead to crime , but conscience without common sense may lead to folly , which is the handmaiden ( servant ) of crime .

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In 1896 , the physiologist and physician Dr. Walter B. Cannon said â The antivivisectionists are the second of the two types Theodore Roosevelt described when he said , â Common sense without conscience may lead to crime , but conscience without common sense may lead to folly , which is the handmaiden of crime .

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The Professor talks with Peter and Susan ; he does not understand why they do not believe Lucy 's story and gives them three possible explanations of Lucy 's behavior â '' madness , dishonesty and sincerity â '' the others know she is neither mad nor dishonest , so she must be telling the truth .


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Question: Drugs did not have to be checked for safety . But in 1937 , a drug called Elixir Sulfanilamide killed more than 100 people .

However , in response to the Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster of 1937 in which the eponymous drug killed more than 100 users , the U.S. congress passed laws that required safety testing of drugs on animals before they could be marketed .

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Harvey W. Wiley , the `` father '' of the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. , challenged the safety of benzoate which was banned in the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act .


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Question: â â The public first began giving its attention to the supporters and opposers of animal testing during the brown dog affair in the early 1990s . In the brown dog affair , hundreds of medical students and anti-vivisectionists and police argued over a memorial to a vivisected dog .

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â â These divisions between pro- and anti- animal testing groups first came to public attention during the brown dog affair in the early 1900s , when hundreds of medical students clashed with anti-vivisectionists and police over a memorial to a vivisected dog .

, he advocated restraint in the number that had to be killed for consumption , protected some of them , and in general condemned violent acts against animals , such as castration .


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Question: In 1974 , Rudolf Jaenisch produced the first genetically changed mammal . He put DNA from a virus into the genome of mice .

The ability of humans to change the genetics of animals took a large step forwards in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch was able to produce the first transgenic mammal , by integrating DNA from the SV40 virus into the genome of mice .

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By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the cancer and adding in novel genes researchers were able to infect plants with A. tumefaciens and let the bacteria insert their chosen DNA into the genomes of the plants .


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Question: Claude Bernard , the `` prince of vivisectors '' and the father of physiology famously wrote in 1865 that `` the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly ( brightly ) lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen '' .

Claude Bernard , known as the `` prince of vivisectors '' and the father of physiologyâ '' whose wife , Marie FranÃ oise Martin , founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 â '' famously wrote in 1865 that `` the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen '' .

He later explained to Champfleury and the writer Francis Wey , `` It is not often that one encounters so complete an expression of poverty and so , right then and there I got the idea for a painting .


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Question: Baccara was a Spanish pop group .

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Mendiola 's Baccara is considered to be more original in that it has developed its own style and material whereas the Mateos ' Baccara remains rooted in repeating the late 1970s songs of the original Baccara .


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Question: By about 1981 , Baccara fell apart . Both Mateos and Mendiola then began work on music by themselves .

However there remained a demand for Baccara 's music , particularly on the European television circuit , and by the middle of the decade both Mateos and Mendiola had formed their own versions of Baccara with new singing partners .

Their production company ( 581 Entertainment ) which handled the group fell through , and all the members of Anjel went on to pursue solo projects .


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Question: Montour is a city of Iowa in the United States .

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Montour is a city in Tama County , Iowa , United States .

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Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: An area of convection and disturbed weather possibly related to outflow from Hurricane Isidore developed a circulation on September 23 and organized into Tropical Depression Thirteen-E on September 25 .

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An area of convection and disturbed weather possibly related to outflow from Hurricane Isidore in the Atlantic developed a circulation on September 23 and organized into Tropical Depression Thirteen-E on September 25 .

Marilyn encountered more westerly shear and decayed Marilyn , becoming extratropical on September 20 .


Question: This was due to a moderately-strong El NiÃ o that also suppressed activity in the Atlantic Ocean .

A moderately-strong El NiÃ o , ongoing during the season , may have contributed to the disproportionate number of major hurricanes , as well as reduced activity in the Atlantic .

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Striking MazatlÃ n as a marginal hurricane on the 20th , its upper level portion moved northeast thereafter spurring cycle-genesis in the western Gulf of Mexico along the frontal zone , causing heavy rains along the Middle Texas coast .


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Question: Several homes at an unspecified location were damaged .

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These rains damaged several homes at an unspecified location .

One man was injured due a tree falling on his car .


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Question: Around 100 houses in Acapulco and Zihuatanejo were damaged or washed away by flash flooding .

In Guerrero , around 100 houses in Acapulco and Zihuatanejo were damaged or washed away by flash flooding .

The entrance of the University of A CoruÃ a was temporarily blocked by flood waters on October 11 , and a nearby roundabout was submerged .


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Question: Julio turned to the northwest and peaked just before landfall near Lazaro Cardenas on September 26 .

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Julio turned to the northwest and peaked just before landfall near LÃ zaro CÃ rdenas , MichoacÃ n , on September 26 .

The depression soon made landfall on the peninsula and weakened before reemerging in the Gulf of Mexico on July 4 .


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Question: Of those , six became hurricanes and five became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or high on the Saffir Simpson Scale .

Of those , six became hurricanes , of which five became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on the Saffir Simpson Scale .

The first storm to form in the Central Pacific in the 2006 Pacific hurricane season , Ioke was a record breaking , long-lived and extremely powerful storm that traversed the Pacific for 19 days , reaching the equivalent of Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale three times .


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Question: The season saw below average activity in terms of the number of systems , but above average activity in terms of stronger storms .

In the eastern Pacific proper , the season saw below average activity in terms of the number of systems , but about average activity in terms of the strength of storms .

A completed station-model map allows users to analyze patterns in air pressure , temperature , wind , cloud cover , and precipitation .


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Question: The most notable storm this year was Hurricane Kenna , which reached Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale .

The most notable storm that year was Hurricane Kenna , which reached Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale .

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Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15 , and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph ( 240 km\/h ) winds , making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale .


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Question: There were twelve tropical storms in the eastern Pacific Ocean this season .

There were twelve tropical storms in the eastern Pacific Ocean in the 2002 season .

Hurricane Emily was not originally recorded as a Category 5 storm , but it was upgraded in the post-storm analysis by the National Hurricane Center . The 2005 season is the only season on record with four Category 5 storms on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale ; the previous record was only two .


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Question: It killed four people and was one of the most powerful hurricanes to ever strike the western coast of Mexico .

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It killed four people and was one of the most powerful hurricanes to ever strike the western coast of Mexico , hitting with winds of 140 mph ( the strongest since Hurricane Madeline in 1976 ) .

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Hurricane Carol was among the worst tropical cyclones to affect New England , United States .


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Question: After peaking on June 9 , steering currents collapsed and Boris stalled out in the ocean between two ridges of high pressure .

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After peaking on June 9 , with a pressure of 997 mb , steering currents collapsed and Boris stalled out in the ocean between two ridges of high pressure .

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As Paka moved westward , dry air and wind shear disrupted its development until it crossed the dateline on December 6 .


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Question: A record three Category 5 storms formed .

Three reached Category 5 intensity , a record shared with the 1994 season .

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Tropical Storm Marco was the smallest known tropical cyclone on record .


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Question: It officially started May 15 , 2002 in the eastern Pacific , and June 1 , 2002 in the central Pacific , and lasted until November 30 , 2002 .

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The 2002 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15 , 2002 in the eastern Pacific , and June 1 , 2002 in the central Pacific , and lasted until November 30 , 2002 .

Tropical Storm Grace originated from a large extratropical cyclone that formed along a cold front on September 27 , 2009 roughly 470 mi ( 755 km ) east of Cape Race , Newfoundland .


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Question: It made landfall near Puerto Vallarta , Jalisco , Mexico on October 25 .

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It made landfall near Puerto Vallarta , in the Mexican state of Jalisco , on October 25 .

Chris continued inland until it dissipated over central Arkansas on September 13 .


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Question: In the central Pacific , one tropical storm , one hurricane , and one major hurricane formed .

In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center 's area of responsibility , one tropical storm and two hurricanes formed , of which one was a major hurricane .

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Subtropical Storm Nicole was the first subtropical storm to receive a name using the standard hurricane name list that did not become a tropical cyclone . The fourteenth tropical or subtropical storm of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season , Nicole developed on October 10 near Bermuda from the interaction of an upper level trough and a cold front .


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Question: Most yaoi fans are female .

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An extensive debate ensued , with yaoi fans and artists arguing that yaoi is entertainment for women , not education for gay men , and that yaoi characters are not meant to represent `` real gay men . ''

Critics and the general anime fanbase do not consider them as anime .


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Question: It contains Hans Zimmer score , plus songs from the movie too .

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It features a film score by Hans Zimmer , as well as borrowed songs from various different sources .

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It was also accompanied by a free download of a song called `` Crash '' .


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Question: A Soundtrack for the Movie Madagascar was released in 2005 .

Madagascar is a 2005 soundtrack for the 2005 film of the same name .

Queer Duck : the Movie was released on DVD in 2006 .


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Question: Shinkichi Kikuchi ( born 12 April 1967 ) is a former Japanese football player .

Shinkichi Kikuchi ( born 12 April 1967 in TÅ no , Iwate , Japan ) is a former Japanese football player .

Tadao Horie ( September 13 , 1913 -- March 29 , 2003 ) was a Japanese football player and manager .


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Question: Below is the list of Wikipedia articles about baseball players who have played for the Pittsburgh Pirates team .

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This is a list of players who , at one point , played for the Pittsburgh Pirates .

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Examples:
Provided: "['', 'The University of Melbourne ( informally Melbourne Uni , Unimelb , UOM or just Melbourne ) is a public university located in Melbourne , Victoria .']" Match: "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'The University of Melbourne is located in Melbourne , Victoria .']"

This is a list of basketball players who have played in the NBA for the Chicago Bulls .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

The provided query could be '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The Parliament of Australia is the federal governing system in Australia .']' and the positive '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'The Parliament of Australia , also known as the Commonwealth Parliament or Federal Parliament , is the legislative branch of the government of Australia .']' and the negative '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Article One describes the Congress , the legislative branch of the federal government .']'

Question: He was the probably the best-known musician in Europe between the time of Guillaume Dufay and Johannes Ockeghem .

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The contemporary reputation of Busnois was immense ; he was the probably the best-known musician in Europe between the time of Guillaume Dufay and Johannes Ockeghem .

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Examples:

"['', 'The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia .']" == "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'The 2010 Winter Olympics is the third Olympics hosted by Canada , and the first by the province of British Columbia .']"

Whether or not he wrote the first mass based on L'homme armÃ , his was by far the most influential ; Obrecht 's mass , for example , closely parallels the setting by Busnois and even the mass by Dufay quotes from it directly .


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Question: In 1465 he moved from the cathedral to the collegiate church of St. Martin , also in Tours , where he became a subdeacon .

He moved from the cathedral to the collegiate church of St. Martin , also in Tours , where he became a subdeacon in 1465 .

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By 1563 Lassus had been appointed maestro di cappella , succeeding Ludwig Daser in the post .


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Question: It is likely that a lot of his music is now lost . Two of his masses and eight motets have survived .

Of his sacred music , two cantus firmus masses and eight motets survive ( most likely many others are lost ) .

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Ferrabosco was living in England until 1578 , which could explain the large number of his compositions in the book ; he was relatively unknown in Italy .


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Question: He was the most important composer of the late Burgundian school after the death of Guillaume Dufay .

He was the leading figure of the late Burgundian school after the death of Guillaume Dufay .

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Dufay was to remain in Cambrai through the 1440s , and during this time he was also in the service of the Duke of Burgundy .


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Question: Johannes Ockeghem was treasurer there , and the two composers seem to have known each other well .

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Johannes Ockeghem was treasurer at that institution , and the two composers seem to have known each other well .

Ippolito was a traveler , and Willaert likely accompanied him to various places , including Hungary , where he likely resided from 1517 to 1519 .


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Question: Later in 1465 Busnois moved to Poitiers , where he not only became `` maÃ trise '' ( master of the choirboys ) , but managed to get lots of good singers from the region . By this time he was famous as a singing teacher and composer .

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Later in 1465 Busnois moved to Poitiers , where he not only became `` maÃ trise '' ( master of the choirboys ) , but managed to attract a flood of talented singers from the entire region ; by this time his reputation as singing teacher , scholar , and composer seems to have spread widely .


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Question: He wrote church music , such as motets , as well as secular ( non-religious ) chansons .

While also noted as a composer of sacred music , such as motets , he was one of the most renowned 15th-century composers of secular chansons .

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A parody mass is a musical setting of the mass , typically from the 16th century , that uses multiple voices of another pre-existing piece of music , such as a fragment of a motet or a secular chanson , as part of its melodic material .


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Question: Antoine Busnois ( pronounce `` AN-twun bew-NWAH '' ) ( also spelt Busnoys ) ( born about 1430 ; died 6 November 1492 ) was a French composer and poet of the early Renaissance Burgundian School .

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Antoine Busnois ( also Busnoys ) ( c. 1430 -- November 6 , 1492 ) was a French composer and poet of the early Renaissance Burgundian School .

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John Dunstaple ( or Dunstable ) ( c. 1390 â `` 24 December 1453 ) was an English composer of polyphonic music of the late medieval era and early Renaissance .


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Question: However he left the job for some reason in 1466 and then moved to Burgundy .

However he departed just as suddenly as he came , in 1466 ; no reason was given , but the former maÃ trise was given his old job back . Busnois then moved to Burgundy .

She remained there until 1993 , when she returned to France .


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Question: Busnois may have been the composer of the famous tune L'homme armÃ , one of the most popular tunes of the Renaissance . The tune was often used as a cantus firmus for mass composition .

According to Pietro Aron , Busnois may have been the composer of the famous tune L'homme armÃ , one of the most widely distributed melodies of the Renaissance , and the one more often used than any other as a cantus firmus for mass composition .


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Question: He may have been the very first composer to write a mass based on L'homme armÃ . This mass was a big influence on many composers .

Whether or not he wrote the first mass based on L'homme armÃ , his was by far the most influential ; Obrecht 's mass , for example , closely parallels the setting by Busnois and even the mass by Dufay quotes from it directly .

Taverner again shows an interest in Renaissance music , taking as its subject the composer John Taverner , and consisting of parts resembling Renaissance forms .


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Question: The style of his music is somewhere between the simple homophonic music of Dufay and Binchois , and the more elaborate imitation of Josquin . .

Stylistically , his music can be heard as a mid-point between the simplicity and homophonic textures of Dufay and Binchois , and the pervading imitation of Josquin and Gombert .

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E.g.:
['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'On July 7 , 2010 , Kleiza terminated his contract with Olympiacos . He was signed by the Toronto Raptors to a four-year , $ 20 million dollar gross income offer sheet .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'He signed a four-year , $ 20 million dollar gross income offer sheet with the Toronto Rapors on July 7 , 2010 .']


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Question: FSV Mainz 05 and at the moment he playes for Bayer Leverkusen .

FSV Mainz 05 , which he had joined in 1995 ; the club was then in the second division .

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Because KÃ rnten got no license for the season 2010\/11 HierlÃ nder signed a contract with FC Red Bull Salzburg .


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Question: Manuel Friedrich ( born September 13 , 1979 in Bad Kreuznach ) is a German footballer with the position of the Defender .

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Manuel Friedrich ( born 13 September 1979 in Bad Kreuznach ) is a German footballer who plays for Bayer 04 Leverkusen , as a central defender .

Lars Ricken ( born 10 July 1976 in Dortmund ) is a retired German footballer .


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Question: Macquigny is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The crow , who was secretly spying on her , reported her unfaithfulness to Apollo .']" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The crow had been spying on her secretly .']"

Macquigny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

Villers-H Ã lon is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: ThÃ rouanne is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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ThÃ rouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: In the autumn of 1825 the Emperor sailed to the south of Russia due to the increasing illness of his wife .

In the autumn of 1825 the Emperor undertook a voyage to the south of Russia due to the increasing illness of his wife .

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In 1953 , Peter Zamiatkin , who was reportedly a member of the guard of the Russian Imperial Family , told a 16-year-old fellow hospital patient that he had taken Anastasia and Alexei to his birth village near Odessa at the request of the Tsar .


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Question: Alexander I of Russia ( , Aleksandr I Pavlovich ) ( â `` ) , also known as Alexander the Blessed ( , Aleksandr Blagoslovennyi ) was Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825 .

Alexander I of Russia ( , Aleksandr I Pavlovich ) ( â `` ) , also known as Alexander the Blessed ( , Aleksandr Blagoslovennyi ) served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825 .

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Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The beat for `` Pon de Replay '' was also used in Natasja Saad 's hit `` Mon De Reggae . ''"]" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The beat for `` Pon de Replay '' was also used in Natasja Saad 's hit `` Mon De Reggae '' ."]"

Urho Kaleva Kekkonen ( ; 3 September 1900 -- 31 August 1986 ) was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland ( 1950 â `` 1953 , 1954 â `` 1956 ) and later as the eighth President of Finland ( 1956 -- 1982 ) .


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Question: Alexander I was the namesake for the Alexanderplatz in Berlin , Germany , and of the Alexandertorte .

Alexander I was the namesake for the Alexanderplatz in Berlin , Germany .

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He founded a hunting ground ( which was named after him ) and the city of Dvin , which later became the Armenian capital .


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Question: He succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered , and ruled Russia during the Napoleonic Wars .

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He succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered , and ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars .

In January 888 , just a few weeks after his deposition , he died .


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Question: The unexpected death of the Emperor of Russia far from the capital caused rumors that his death and funeral were staged so he could spend the rest of his life in solitude .

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The unexpected death of the Emperor of Russia far from the capital caused persistent rumors that his death and funeral were staged so he could spend the rest of his life in solitude .

But when he had time to reconsider his position , he inevitably saw that his chances of winning a war against Constantine was doubtful at best , especially given that he was well aware of Constantineâ s strengths as Constantine had been his guest for some time at Nicomedia , not to mention the attachment of the troops to him .


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Question: During his trip he caught a cold which developed into typhus from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog on 19 November ( O.S. ) \/ 1 December 1825 .

During his trip he himself caught a cold which developed into typhus from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog on 19 November ( O.S. ) \/ 1 December 1825 .

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He suffered from repeated illnesses throughout his life and finally succumbed to cancer on 20 February 1963 at the age of 48 in Basel , Switzerland .


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Question: The reissued edition of The Columbia History of the World by John Garrity has sold over 1 million copies .

The reissued edition of The Columbia History of the World by John Garrity , for example has sold over 1 million copies .

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Her autobiography , Extreme , has sold in excess of two million copies .


Question:
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------
E.g. '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 1945 , after World War II had ended , Mengelberg was not allowed to conduct the orchestra because he had played to the Nazis . He was banned for six years from conducting them , but he died in 1951 just before the six years came to an end .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Mengelberg died in 1951 just before the end of his sentence , thus never conducting the orchestra after 1945 .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Thus , the entire audience and orchestra stood when the king stood during the performance , initiating a tradition that has lasted more than two centuries .']'

Question: Barnes & Noble , Inc. is the largest seller of books in the United States . It operates mostly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of bookstores which is based in lower Fifth Avenue in Lower Manhattan , New York City .

Barnes & Noble , Inc. is the largest book retailer in the United States , operating mainly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of bookstores headquartered in lower Fifth Avenue in Lower Manhattan , New York City .

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Zellers Inc. is Canada 's second-largest chain of mass merchandise discount stores , with locations in communities across Canada .


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Question: In addition , Barnes & Noble pays for reprint anthologies and omnibus editions using in-house editors .

In addition , Barnes & Noble commissions reprint anthologies and omnibus editions using in-house editors .

In the U.S. , those that distribute at this time may publish a supplemental insert with photographs from spring sports and milestone events ( such as prom and graduation ) and other important events .


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Question: nook competes with the Amazon Kindle , Sony Reader , and other readers , and includes Wi-Fi and AT&T 3G wireless connectivity , a six inch E Ink display , and a separate , smaller color touchscreen that serves as the primary input device .

The Nook competes with the Amazon Kindle , Sony Reader , Apple 's iBooks for the iPhone and iPad and other readers , and currently includes Wi-Fi and AT&T 3G wireless connectivity , a six inch E Ink display , a web browser , a dictionary , Chess and Sudoku , and a separate , smaller color touchscreen that serves as the primary input device .

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This model , dubbed the Game Boy Micro , is similar in style to the original Game Boy Advance 's horizontal orientation , but is much smaller and sleeker . The Game Boy Micro also allows the user to switch between several colored faceplates to allow customization , a feature which Nintendo advertised heavily around the Game Boy Micro 's launch .


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Question: The device was announced in the United States on 20 October 2009 . It was released 30 November 2009 for .

The device was announced in the United States on 20 October 2009 , and was released 30 November 2009 for .

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The two games were released in Japan on September 13 , 2007 , and were released in North America on April 20 , 2008 . They were released in Europe on July 4 , 2008 .


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Question: During the 1970s and 1980s , Barnes & Noble opened smaller discount stores . These were eventually phased out in favor of larger stores .

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During the 1970s and 1980s , Barnes & Noble opened smaller discount stores , which were eventually phased out in favor of larger stores .

Taco Bell later opened in 1997 in Australia with a store in the cinema district on George St in Sydney and later in 2002 within a few KFC stores in the state of New South Wales , but by 2005 , the Taco Bell brand was pulled out of the country .


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Question: B&N 's critics claim that it has added to the decline of local and independent booksellers .

B&N 's critics claim that it has contributed to the decline of local and independent booksellers .

Such labels have a reputation for being fiercely uncompromising and especially unwilling to cooperate with the big six ( now big four ) record labels at all .


Question: This store carries a large variety of textbooks , medical books , and medical supplies in addition to the various trade titles carried at the company 's main stores .

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This flagship store carries a large variety of textbooks , medical books , and medical supplies in addition to the various trade titles carried at the company 's main stores .

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The library maintains an extensive , world-class collection of books , periodicals , recordings and other materials pertaining to art , music and the performing arts .


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Question: The tasks of these managers include organizing in-store events , such as author appearances , childrenâ s storytimes and book groups .

The responsibilities of these managers include organizing in-store events , such as author appearances , childrenâ s storytimes and book groups .

It is also used for music concerts and other sporting events .


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Question: The purchase of 797 bookstores turned the company into a nationwide retailer . As of the end of fiscal year 1999 , the second-largest online bookseller in the United States .

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The acquisition of 797 bookstores turned the company into a nationwide retailer , and as of the end of fiscal year 1999 , the second-largest online bookseller in the United States .

The company opened twice as many Canadian outlets as McDonald 's and system-wide sales also surpassed those of McDonald 's Canadian operations as of 2002 .


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Question: Barnes & Noble publishes some of the books it sells . It reprints non-copyrighted titles or gets the American or English language rights from another publisher .

Barnes & Noble publishes some of the books it sells , inexpensively reprinting non-copyrighted titles or acquiring the U.S. or English language rights from another publisher .

For permission to use it , one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question ; often , but not always , this will be the original author .


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Question: In 2003 , Barnes & Noble redesigned and expanded its line of literature classics , releasing books in hardcover , trade paperback and mass-market editions .

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In 2003 , Barnes & Noble revamped and expanded its line of literature classics , releasing books in hardcover , trade paperback and mass-market editions .

Ian Mackintosh wrote three books based on the series , which were simultaneously published in hardback and paperback .


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The provided query could be '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It was made into an opera by Tod Machover .']' and the positive '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It may also be his most academically studied work , and was adapted as an opera by Tod Machover .']' and the negative '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', '; History The best known of the set , it had its premiere , along with the more reserved second March , played by the Liverpool Orchestral Society conducted by Alfred Rodewald , in Liverpool on 19 October 1901 .']'

Question: These titles were mostly low price reissues of out-of-print titles . Selling them through mail-order catalogs allowed Barnes & Noble to reach new customers nationwide .

These titles were primarily affordable reissues of out-of-print titles , and selling them through mail-order catalogs allowed Barnes & Noble to reach new customers nationwide .

Publisher Simon & Schuster was quoted as predicting a market of $ 500,000,000 per year in the sales of remedial programs to corporations .


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Question: A year later , the company became the first bookseller in America to discount books . It sold New York Times best-selling titles at 40 % off the publishersâ list price .

In 1974 , Barnes & Noble became the first bookstore to advertise on television , and a year later , the company became the first bookseller in America to discount books , by selling New York Times best-selling titles at 40 % off the publishersâ list price .

Published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers , an imprint of Random House Children 's Books , the book sold 550,000 copies on its first day of sale , a record for a Random House children 's book .


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Question: Their first true bookstore was set up by his son , William , with G. Clifford Noble , in 1917 in New York City .

Their first true bookstore was set up by his son , William , in partnership with G. Clifford Noble , in 1917 in New York City .

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In November 1955 , she teamed up with Plunkett-Green , and a former solicitor , Archie McNair , to open a clothes shop on the King 's Road in London called Bazaar .


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Question: Barnes & Noble continued to expand throughout the 1980s . In 1987 it purchased the mostly shopping mall-based B. Dalton chain from Dayton Hudson .

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Barnes & Noble continued to expand throughout the 1980s , and in 1987 purchased the primarily shopping mall-based B. Dalton chain from Dayton Hudson .

Walton decided to concentrate on the retail business instead of the shopping centers and opened larger stores which were called `` Walton 's Family Center . ''


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Question: Video games and related items were sold in the company 's GameStop retail outlets until October 2004 . Then , the division was made into its own company .

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Video games and related items were sold in the company 's GameStop retail outlets until October 2004 , when the division was spun off into an independent company .

At the beginning of New Year 's Eve 2005 , Viacom was split into two different companies , with CBS Corporation becoming its own standalone company and Nickelodeon going to the new Viacom .


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Question: Barnes & Noble began in 1873 when Charles Barnes opened a book-printing business in Wheaton , Illinois .

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Barnes & Noble originated in 1873 when Charles Barnes opened a book-printing business in Wheaton , Illinois .

Early in his adult life he moved to Barnstable , Massachusetts , a town on Cape Cod , where he managed the first Saab dealership established in the U.S.


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Question: The original bookstore was at 31 West 15th St. , and opened during World War I. In 1932 , at the height of the Great Depression , the bookstore was moved to its current location on 18th Street and Fifth Avenue .

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The original bookstore was at 31 West 15th St. , and opened during World War I. In 1932 , at the height of the Great Depression , the bookstore was moved to its current flagship location on 18th Street and Fifth Avenue .

Six years after they closed the doors of their final iteration restaurateur Oscar Tucci opened a revived Delmonico 's at 2 South William Street , which stayed in business until 1977 .


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Question: Although the cafÃ s are owned and operated by Barnes & Noble , servers follow Starbucks ' standards in beverage preparation .

Although the cafÃ s are owned and operated by Barnes & Noble , servers follow Starbucks ' standards in beverage preparation ; the prominent Starbucks logo is sometimes confusing for customers wanting to use Starbucks stored-value cards or the Starbucks Gold Card , which are not accepted ( the Barnes & Noble Membership is accepted to receive a discount on any Cafe related good ) .

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Ron Joyce 's aggressive expansion of the Tim Hortons business resulted in one major change in the coffee and doughnut restaurant market : Canada 's per-capita ratio of doughnut shops surpassed those of all other countries .


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Question: As of October 2009 , the company operates 777 stores in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia . It also has 636 college bookstores , which serves nearly 4 million students and 250,000 faculty members across the country .

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The company operates 717 stores ( as of October 30 , 2010 ) in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia in addition to 637 college bookstores , which serve nearly 4 million students and 250,000 faculty members across the country .

Suffolk University is a private , non-sectarian , university located in Boston , Massachusetts and with over 16,000 students it is the third largest university in Boston .


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For instance you may be given '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', "In Liverpool , it is known as `` Mizzy Night '' ( but unlike in Yorkshire , it is celebrated on October 30th ) ."]' and it should match with '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "In Liverpool , it is known as `` Mizzy Night '' and is celebrated on October 30 ."]' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "It is known as `` Gate Night '' in Trail , British Columbia , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Rockland County , NY , North Dakota and South Dakota ( USA ) and as `` Mat Night '' in Quebec , Canada , always on the 30 October , the eve of Halloween ."]'.

Question: He also earns $ 2,323,942 in other long-term payments , for a yearly grand total of $ 3,110,480 .

He also earns $ 2,323,942 in other long-term compensation , for a yearly grand total of $ 3,110,480 .

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Each of the principal actors made approximately $ 75,000 an episode , with Sheen 's most recently confirmed salary being $ 300,000 .


Question: Since then , most stores have been changed or built specifically to feature a cafe . The cafes serve Starbucks beverages , Harney & Sons or Tazo Tea , FIJI Bottled Water , bakery goods from The Cheesecake Factory , candy from Godiva Chocolatiers , sandwiches and other specialty products .

Since then , most stores have been amended or constructed specifically to feature a cafe serving Starbucks beverages , Harney & Sons or Tazo Tea , FIJI Bottled Water , bakery goods from The Cheesecake Factory , candy from Godiva Chocolatiers , sandwiches and other specialty products .

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Carrot cake is popular in loaf , sheet cake and cupcake form , and ( in the United Kingdom as well as North America ) can be found pre-packaged at grocery stores , and fresh at bakeries .


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Question: Barnes & Noble College Booksellers , Inc. , based in Basking Ridge , New Jersey , is a part of the company which operates bookstores at more than 600 colleges .

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Barnes & Noble College Booksellers , Inc. , headquartered in Basking Ridge , NJ , is a subsidiary of the company which operates bookstores at more than 600 institutions of higher education .


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Question: The business was bought in 1971 by Leonard Riggio . He oversaw the growth of the business .

The business was purchased in 1971 by Leonard Riggio , who oversaw the growth of the business .

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The acquisition of 797 bookstores turned the company into a nationwide retailer , and as of the end of fiscal year 1999 , the second-largest online bookseller in the United States .


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Question: The site now carries over 1 million titles .

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According to the site , it now carries over 1 million titles .

The 2007 MacropÃ dia has 699 in-depth articles , ranging in length from 2 to 310 pages and having references and named contributors .


Question: This expansion was helped by the companyâ s purchase of SparkNotes , an educational website and publishing company .

This expansion was aided by the companyâ s acquisition of SparkNotes , an educational website and publishing company .

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It was based in the United Kingdom for many years and is now owned by Universal Music Group .


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Question: The last B. Dalton stores closed in January 2010 .

The last B. Dalton stores were slated to close in January 2010 .

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"['', 'Ratchet & Clank is a 3D platformer\\/shooter video game for the PlayStation 2 , developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Ratchet & Clank is a platforming and shooting game for the PlayStation 2 . It was made by Insomniac Games and published by Sony .']"


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Question: Further expansions of the companyâ s publishing business include the purchase of how-to publisher Sterling Publishing in 2003 and the launch of Quamut in 2008 .

Further expansions of the companyâ s publishing business include the purchase of how-to publisher Sterling Publishing in 2003 .

Benton set up the Benton Foundation , which managed the Britannica until 1996 .


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Question: Barnes & Noble Nook is an electronic book reader created by the company , based on the Android platform .

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Barnes & Noble Nook is an electronic book reader developed by the company , based on the Android platform .

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Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs , Mac OS X , the latest version being Mac OS X v10 .6 Snow Leopard . Apple also independently develops computer software titles for its Mac OS X operating system .


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Question: To promote nationwide literacy among 1st to 6th graders and encourage more reading during the summer , Barnes & Noble has started a summer challenge where if children read 8 books and write about their reading , Barnes & Noble will give the readers a free book .

To promote nationwide literacy among 1st to 6th graders and encourage more reading during the summer , Barnes & Noble has implemented a summer challenge where if children read 8 books and write about their reading , Barnes & Noble will give the readers a free book .

While he gave his manuscript to his agent and editor to review , Riordan took his book to a group of 6th , 7th , and 8th graders to read and give their critique .


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Question: The company is known for large , upscale retail stores . Many of them contain a cafÃ serving Starbucks Coffee .

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The company is known for large , upscale retail outlets , many of which contain a cafÃ serving Starbucks Coffee , and for competitive discounting of bestsellers .

Most discount department stores offer a wide assortment of goods ; others specialize in such merchandise as jewelry , electronic equipment , or electrical appliances .


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Question: As part of this process , the East Pacific Rise formed along the middle of the Gulf along the bottom of the sea .

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Given ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Chester played their home games at the Deva Stadium .'], a positive would be ['Represent!', 'The team plays its home games at Deva Stadium .']

As part of this process , the East Pacific Rise propagated up the middle of the Gulf along the seabed . This extension of the East Pacific Rise is often referred to as the Gulf of California Rift Zone .

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For example, ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In 2004 , while pregnant with Deva , Bellucci posed nude for the Italian Vanity Fair Magazine in protest against Italian laws that prevent the use of donor sperm .'] should be similar to ['', "In 2004 , while pregnant with her daughter , Bellucci posed nude for the Italian `` Vanity Fair '' Magazine in protest against Italian laws that allow only married couples to use in-vitro fertilization and that prevent the use of donor sperm ."]

The sea stacks along the coast at Goat Rock Beach consist of rocks from the Franciscan Complex , formed within an era of plate collision along the western coast of North America .


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Question: The Gulf of California ( also named as the Sea of Cortez or Sea of CortÃ s ; and nearby is known in the Spanish language as Mar de CortÃ s or Mar Bermejo or Golfo de California ) is a area of water that is inbetween the Baja California Peninsula and Mexican mainland .

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The Gulf of California ( also known as the Sea of Cortez or Sea of CortÃ s or Vermilion Sea ; locally known in the Spanish language as Mar de CortÃ s or Mar Bermejo or Golfo de California ) is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland .

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MazatlÃ n is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa ; the surrounding municipio ( municipality ) for which the city serves as the municipal seat is MazatlÃ n Municipality . It is located at on the Pacific coast , across from the southernmost tip of the Baja California peninsula .


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Question: The Gulf would go as far as Indio , California if there was n't a large river delta made by the Colorado River .

The Gulf would extend as far as Indio , California , except for the tremendous delta created by the Colorado River .

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However , the valley is very narrow , featuring the dangerous river Reuss .


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Question: The island of Isla Tortuga is one example of the volcanoes found .

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The island of Isla Tortuga is one example of this ongoing volcanic activity .

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The Dominican Republic is a country with many mountains , and the highest peaks of the West Indies are found here .