Question: represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

Question: Gajac , Gironde is a commune .

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Gajac is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .

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The provided query could be "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The Night of the Long Knives ( German : ) or `` Operation Hummingbird ( Kolibri ) '' , or , more commonly used in Germany `` RÃ hm-Putsch '' was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2 , 1934 , when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political executions ."]" and the positive "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "The Night of the Long Knives ( German : ) or `` Operation Hummingbird '' , was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2 1934 , when the Nazi regime executed at least 90 people for political reasons ."]"

Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


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Question: Langdon Place is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

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Langdon Place is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States .

Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States .


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Question: Masaru Kurotsu ( born 20 August 1982 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Kawasaki Frontale .

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Masaru Kurotsu is a Japanese football player currently playing for Kawasaki Frontale .

Shinya Chiba ( born May 3 , 1983 ) is a former Japanese football player .


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Question: Each match had six wrestler in it : the defending champion and five challengers .

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Each match featured six competitors : the defending champion and five challengers .

There are two races ; the first where each team has three skaters in a race against each other and the second for the best individuals of each conference .


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Question: Elimination Chamber ( also known as No Way Out in Germany ) was a pro wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on February 21 , 2010 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis , Missouri .

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Elimination Chamber ( 2010 ) ( also known as No Way Out ( 2010 ) in Germany ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on February 21 , 2010 at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis , Missouri .

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Christopher Todd Mordetzky ( born January 8 , 1983 ) is an American professional wrestler best known by his ring name `` The Masterpiece '' Chris Masters . He currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its SmackDown brand .


Question: The idea of the show was that the two main event matches , one for the World Heavyweight Championship and one for the WWE Championship , would be in an Elimination Chamber .

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The concept of the event was that the two main event matches , one each for the World Heavyweight Championship and the WWE Championship , would occur in an Elimination Chamber .

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The title was finally retired on August 26 , 2002 when WWE Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated Hardcore Champion Tommy Dreamer to unify the titles . This was exactly a month after Van Dam defeated Jeff Hardy in a ladder match to unify the WWE Intercontinental title and the European Championship .


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Question: On the undercard , Drew McIntyre defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Kane , The Miz defended the WWE United States Championship against Montel Vontavious Porter , and Maryse and Gail Kim wrestled against Team Lay-Cool ( Layla and Michelle McCool ) in a tag team match .

On the undercard , Drew McIntyre defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Kane , The Miz defended the WWE United States Championship against Montel Vontavious Porter , and Maryse and Gail Kim competed against Team Lay-Cool ( Layla and Michelle McCool ) in an interbrand Divas tag team match .

On the November 29 episode of Raw , Tatsu teamed with Mark Henry to defeat WWE Tag Team Champions Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater , after a distraction by John Cena .


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Question: Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey .

The New Jersey State Prison ( formerly Trenton State Prison ) , which has two maximum security units , is located in Trenton .

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Charleston is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of West Virginia .


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Question: Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey . It is the county seat of Mercer County .

Trenton is the capital of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County .

Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County .


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Question: She was sold at auction in July 1792 . Renamed the Thomas and Nancy she carried coal on the Thames until 1806 .

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She was bought at auction in July 1792 , renamed Thomas and Nancy , and carried coal in the Thames area until 1806 .

Munroe Bight to the north of Cape Pillar is named after the former American barque James Munroe wrecked there in 1850 .


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Question: When HMS Sirius was wrecked in 1790 , the Supply was the new settlement 's only ship . In April 1790 she made a trip to Batavia to get more food .

Following the loss of Sirius in 1790 she became the colony 's only link with the outside world .

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The Friendship left Port Jackson on 14 July 1788 in company with Alexander . The crews of both ships were so badly affected by scurvy off the coast of Borneo that enough healthy sailors remained for only one working ship , and the Friendship was deliberately sunk ( scuttled ) on the 28th of October 1788 .


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Question: After the setting up of the penal colony at Port Jackson , HMS Supply made 10 trips to Norfolk Island .

After the establishment of the initial settlement at Port Jackson , she was the link between the colony and Norfolk Island , making 10 trips .

On 17 May 1788 she landed at Lord Howe Island for birds and vegetables , and arrived in England on 15 June 1789 .


Question: She left for England in November 1791 and reached Plymouth on April 21 1792 .

Supply left Port Jackson on 26 November 1791 and sailed via Cape Horn reaching Plymouth on 21 April 1792 .

Upon his arrival at Gorizia he caught cholera and died on 6 November 1836 .


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Question: Ned ZeliÄ ( born 4 July 1971 ) is a former Australian football player .

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Nedijeljko `` Ned '' ZeliÄ , ( born 4 July 1971 ) is a former Australian football ( soccer ) player .

FrantiÅ ek Straka ( born 28 May 1958 ) is a Czech former football player and manager .


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Question: King John II of France was captured during the battle .

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The new French king , John II , was captured ( See : Ransom of King John II of France ) .

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In 1081 Henry opened the conflict against Gregory in Italy .


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Question: From 1348 to 1356 there was very little fighting because of the Black Death .

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In 1348 , the Black Death began to ravage Europe .

The demise of this empire , which had ruled much of western Europe for more than 200 years , was followed by a long period during which no strong central government existed in most of Europe .


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Question: Potts finished his book with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' .

Potts concludes his account of the trial with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' .

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The remainder - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of using `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty .


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Question: In contrast , other people tried at the same time were accused of maleficium , that is causing harm by witchcraft . This included the Pendle witches .

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In contrast , the others tried at the same assizes , who included the Pendle witches , were accused of maleficium - causing harm by witchcraft .

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Instead , the commune would promise to exact revenge on the attacker , the threat of revenge being a form of defense .


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Question: Many historians , notably Hugh Trevor-Roper , have said that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th century were a result of the religious struggles of the period . During this time , both the Catholic and Protestant Churches wanted to stamp out what they saw as heresy .

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Many historians , notably Hugh Trevor-Roper , have suggested that the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries were a consequence of the religious struggles of the period , with both the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church determined to stamp out what they regarded as heresy .

The movement 's purpose was to reaffirm key theological tenets and zealously defend them against the challenges of liberal theology and higher criticism .


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Question: During the 16th century English Reformation , the Church of England broke away from the rule of the pope and the Catholic Church . This event split up the Southworth family of Samlesbury Hall .

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The 16th-century English Reformation , during which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church , split the Southworth family of Samlesbury Hall .

It was written by the colonists , later together known to history as the Pilgrims , who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower . Almost half of the colonists were part of a separatist group seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of the English Church .


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Question: On 21 March 1612 , Alizon Device , who lived just outside the Lancashire village of Fence , near Pendle Hill , met John Law , a pedlar from Halifax .

On 21 March 1612 , Alizon Device , who lived just outside the Lancashire village of Fence , near Pendle Hill , encountered John Law , a pedlar from Halifax .

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The last recorded uses of the stool for ducking involve a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth ( 1808 ) and Jenny Pipes , a notorious scold from Leominster ( 1809 ) .


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Question: In 1604 a new witchcraft law was made , called `` An Act against Conjuration , Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked spirits '' . Anyone who caused harm by the use of magic or the exhumation of corpses for magical purposes would be given the death penalty .

In 1604 , the year following James 's accession to the English throne , a new witchcraft law was enacted , `` An Act against Conjuration , Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked spirits '' , imposing the death penalty for causing harm by the use of magic or the exhumation of corpses for magical purposes .

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Those curse tablets targeted at thieves or other criminals may have been more public , more acceptable ; some scholars even refuse to apply the word `` curse '' to such `` positive '' texts , preferring expressions such as `` judicial prayers '' .


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Question: Other Lancashire magistrates learned of Nowell 's discovery of witchcraft in the county . On 15 April 1612 JP Robert Holden began investigations in his own area of Samlesbury .

Other Lancashire magistrates learned of Nowell 's discovery of witchcraft in the county , and on 15 April 1612 JP Robert Holden began investigations in his own area of Samlesbury .

Jane Southworth ( nÃ e Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall .


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Question: She said that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to change themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years .

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In her statement she claimed that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to transform themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years .

Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner , who he later discovers to be the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been strangely linked since that day .


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Question: Their trial on 19 August 1612 was one of a series of witch trials held over two days . It is among the most famous in English history .

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Their trial at Lancaster Assizes in England on 19 August 1612 was one in a series of witch trials held there over two days , among the most famous in English history .

In spite of the fact that a number of members of the panel of judges were men ill-disposed to Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war , Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26 , 1780 .


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Question: Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley were said to have used `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty .

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The remainder - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of using `` diverse devillish and wicked Arts , called Witchcrafts , Inchauntments , Charmes , and Sorceries , in and upon one Grace Sowerbutts '' , to which they pleaded not guilty .

Potts concludes his account of the trial with the words : `` Thus were these poore Innocent creatures , by the great care and paines of this honorable Judge , delivered from the danger of this Conspiracie ; this bloudie practice of the Priest laid open '' .


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Question: Grace also said that her grandmother and aunt , with Jane Southworth , went to sabbats held every Thursday and Sunday night at Red Bank , on the north shore of the River Ribble .

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Grace also alleged that her grandmother and aunt , with Jane Southworth , attended sabbats held every Thursday and Sunday night at Red Bank , on the north shore of the River Ribble .

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Despite almost daily reports of missing property , he was able to evade capture until 15 February , when a man named Wimbow , who had been pursuing him with a partner for days , found him in an area of thick brush called Liberty Plains ( near what is now the Concord\/Strathfield area of Sydney ) and shot him .


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'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Rickrolling is said to have began as a spin-off of an earlier prank called duckrolling . , which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Rickrolling is said to have begun as a variant of an earlier prank from the imageboard 4chan known as duckrolling , in which a link to somewhere ( such as a specific picture or news item ) would instead lead to a thread or site containing an edited picture of a duck with wheels .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', "Other uses of Pedobear include an iStockphoto wallpaper , a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner , and a flyer of a costume store in Portland , Oregon which accidentally featured a Pedobear-like figure , being later covered by a local news station , which provided a detailed history of Pedobear , and even interviewed Cheezburger Network 's CEO Ben Huh about Pedobear 's cultural significance ."]'

Question: Sir John Southworth , head of the family until his death in 1595 , was a leading recusant . He had been arrested many times for not giving up his Catholic faith .

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Sir John Southworth , head of the family , was a leading recusant who had been arrested several times for refusing to abandon his Catholic faith .

Born in London and descended from an old Norfolk family , Gresham was one of two sons and two daughters of Sir Richard Gresham , a leading London merchant , who for some time held the office of Lord Mayor , and who for his services as agent of Henry VIII in negotiating loans with foreign merchants received the honor of knighthood .


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Question: Potts was told to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 .

Potts was instructed to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 .

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Chandler was tried and found guilty of the murders , and was sentenced to death on November 4 , 1994 .


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Question: Thomas Potts , the clerk , wrote that after hearing the evidence many of those in court were persuaded of the accused 's guilt .

Thomas Potts , the clerk to the Lancaster Assizes , records that after hearing the evidence many of those in court were persuaded of the accused 's guilt .

An enquiry was held but no attempt was made to arrest Donald Traill , master of Neptune and described as a demented sadist , or bring a public prosecution against him , the other masters , or the firm of contractors .


Question: His eldest son , also called John , did join the Church of England , for which his father disinherited him . The rest of the family stayed strictly Catholic .

His eldest son , also called John , did convert to the Church of England , for which he was disinherited , but the rest of the family remained staunchly Catholic .

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From this post he was called , at the end of twenty years , to the chair of moral theology in Madrid , where he died .


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Question: However , the three Samlesbury women were found not guilty of witchcraft .

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However , all three of the Samlesbury women were acquitted .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Electricity surges through power lines when damage is caused to them .']" should be close to "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Electricity goes through power lines when damage is caused to them .']"

Although the only charge which could be proved against him was that he had been seen wearing the club 's colors , he was condemned to death for high treason .


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Question: John had died only a few months before her trial for witchcraft in 1612 , and she had seven children .

Jane had been widowed only a few months before her trial for witchcraft in 1612 , and had seven children .

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Melanie visited him faithfully during his decline until his death on 22 February 1903 ; her lack of faith to her husband , however , tortured her , and she killed herself in 1906 .


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Question: The trial was held on 19 August 1612 before Sir Edward Bromley , a judge seeking promotion to a circuit nearer London . He may have wanted to impress King James , the head of the judiciary .

The trial was held on 19 August 1612 before Sir Edward Bromley , a judge seeking promotion to a circuit nearer London , and who may therefore have been keen to impress King James , the head of the judiciary .

Although some counties were left without lieutenants during the 1590s , following the defeat of the Spanish Armada , the office continued to exist , and was retained by James I even after the end of the war against Spain in 1604 .


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Question: The accused witches lived in Lancashire . At the end of the 16th century , the government thought this county was a wild and lawless area , `` fabled for its theft , violence and sexual laxity , where the church was honored without much understanding of its doctrines by the common people '' .

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The accused witches lived in Lancashire , an English county which , at the end of the 16th century , was regarded by the authorities as a wild and lawless region , `` fabled for its theft , violence and sexual laxity , where the church was honored without much understanding of its doctrines by the common people '' .

The walled city represented protection from direct assault at the price of corporate interference on the pettiest levels , but once a townsman left the city walls , he ( for women scarcely traveled ) was at the mercy of often violent and lawless nobles in the countryside .


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Question: Based on the evidence and confessions he obtained , Nowell sent Alizon and ten others to Lancaster Gaol , to be tried for maleficiumâ '' causing harm by witchcraft .

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Based on the evidence and confessions he obtained , Nowell committed Alizon and ten others to Lancaster Gaol to be tried at the next assizes for maleficium , causing harm by witchcraft .

James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches .


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Question: Relations father and son were not polite ; John Singleton , said that the father would not even go passed his son 's house if he could keep clear of it , and believed that Jane would probably kill her husband .

Relations between John and his father do not seem to have been amicable ; according to a statement made by John Singleton , in which he referred to Sir John as his `` old Master '' , Sir John refused even to pass his son 's house if he could avoid it , and believed that Jane would probably kill her husband .

And Harry , therefore , did have to reach a point where he did almost break down , and say he did n't want to play anymore , he did n't want to be the hero anymore â `` and heâ d lost too much .


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Question: In early 1612 , the year of the trials , each justice of the peace ( JP ) in Lancashire was ordered to make a list of the recusants in their areaâ '' those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England , which was a criminal offence at that time .

In early 1612 , the year of the trials , each justice of the peace ( JP ) in Lancashire was ordered to compile a list of the recusants in their areaâ '' those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England , a criminal offence at that time .

Arabella Fermor and her suitor , Lord Petre , were both from aristocratic recusant Catholic families at a period in England when under such laws as the Test Act , all denominations except Anglicanism suffered legal restrictions and penalties ( for example Petre could not take up his place in the House of Lords as a Catholic ) .


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Question: Since the death of Queen Mary and the coming to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced to hide , but in remote areas like Lancashire they were still able to celebrate mass in secret .

Since the death of Queen Mary and the accession to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced into hiding , but in remote areas like Lancashire they continued to celebrate mass in secret .


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Question: First , Thomas Potts , the clerk to the court , wrote about it in his The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster . Secondly , the number of people found guilty and hanged was high , ten at Lancaster and another at York .

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The trials were unusual for England at that time in two respects : Thomas Potts , the clerk to the court , published the proceedings in his The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster ; and the number of the accused found guilty and hanged was unusually high , ten at Lancaster and another at York .

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Question: The case against the three women collapsed `` spectacularly '' when the main witness , Grace Sowerbutts , was shown by the trial judge to be `` the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest '' .

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The case against the three women collapsed `` spectacularly '' when the chief prosecution witness , Grace Sowerbutts , was exposed by the trial judge to be `` the perjuring tool of a Catholic priest '' .

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Question: The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend ; it has been described as `` largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda '' , . A trial would show that Lancashire , a wild and lawless area , was being cleared not only of witches but also of `` popish plotters '' , that is , Catholics .

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The trial of the Samlesbury witches is perhaps one clear example of that trend ; it has been described as `` largely a piece of anti-Catholic propaganda '' , and even as a show-trial , to demonstrate that Lancashire , considered at that time to be a wild and lawless region , was being purged not only of witches but also of `` popish plotters '' ( i.e. , Catholics ) .

On Arundel 's advice , Henry passed the De heretico comburendo and was thus the first English king to allow the burning of heretics , mainly to suppress the Lollard movement .


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The query could be '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "It blasts open the ants ' nest and the ants all attack the dragon ."]' and should be close to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "It blasts open the ants ' nest and all the ants attack the dragon ."]' but very far from '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\nExamples:\n\n\n"Jane Root , who was appointed in 1999 and was the first woman to be appointed controller of a BBC television channel , departed in May 2004 to become the executive vice president and general manager of the US-based Discovery Channel ." == "He became controller after Jane Root departed in May 2004 to become the executive vice president and general manager of the US-based Discovery Channel . Jane Root was appointed in 1999 and was the first woman to be appointed controller of a BBC television channel ."', 'Soon , most of the Charonosaurus follow to drink at the watering hole .']'

Question: James was , did not believe some of the evidence presented in witch trials , he even personally showed discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches .

James was , however , sceptical of the evidence presented in witch trials , even to the extent of personally exposing discrepancies in the testimonies presented against some accused witches .

His 1597 book , Daemonologie , instructed his followers that they must denounce and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft .


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For example, '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'After over 30 years of Mori control , in 1600 Horio Yoshiharu entered Izumo and Oki after the Battle of Sekigahara which Mori lost .']' should have a representation like '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'After over 30 years of Mori control , in 1600 Horio Yoshiharu enters Izumo and Oki as the result of Battle of Sekigahara which Mori lost .']' but very far from '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'He was adopted by Uesugi Shigesada , then daimyo of Yonezawa , and in 1767 he succeeded Shigesada .']'.

Question: As a result , eight individuals were sent to trial , including Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley . They were said to have used witchcraft on Grace Sowerbutts , Jennet 's grand-daughter and Ellen 's niece .

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As a result , eight individuals were committed to Lancaster Assizes , three of whom - Jane Southworth , Jennet Bierley , and Ellen Bierley - were accused of practising witchcraft on Grace Sowerbutts , Jennet 's grand-daughter and Ellen 's niece .

According to Grace , her relatives had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood .


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Question: Along with her mother Elizabeth and her brother James , Alizon had to appear before local magistrate Roger Nowell on 30 March 1612 .

Along with her mother Elizabeth and her brother James , Alizon was summoned to appear before local magistrate Roger Nowell on 30 March 1612 .

Potts was instructed to write his account by the trial judges , and had completed the work by 16 November 1612 .


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Question: By the early 1590s , he was convinced that Scottish witches plotted against him .

By the early 1590s , he was convinced that Scottish witches were plotting against him .

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Since the death of Queen Mary and the accession to the throne of her half-sister Elizabeth in 1558 , Catholic priests had been forced into hiding , but in remote areas like Lancashire they continued to celebrate mass in secret .


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Question: His 1597 book , Daemonologie , he told his followers that they must report and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft .

His 1597 book , Daemonologie , instructed his followers that they must denounce and prosecute any supporters or practitioners of witchcraft .

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Question: Potts devotes several pages to a fairly detailed criticism of the evidence presented in Grace Sowerbutts ' statement , giving an insight into the discrepancies which existed during the early 17th century between the Protestant establishment 's view of witchcraft and the beliefs of the common people , who may have been influenced by the more continental views of Catholic priests such as Christopher Southworth .

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Potts devotes several pages to a fairly detailed criticism of the evidence presented in Grace Sowerbutts ' statement , giving an insight into the discrepancies that existed during the early 17th century between the Protestant establishment 's view of witchcraft and the beliefs of the common people , who may have been influenced by the more continental views of Catholic priests such as Christopher Southworth .

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Question: Grace said the women had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood .

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According to Grace , her relatives had taken her to the house of Thomas Walshman and his wife , from whom they had stolen a baby to suck its blood .

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In her statement she claimed that both her grandmother and aunt , Jennet and Ellen Bierley , were able to transform themselves into dogs and that they had `` haunted and vexed her '' for years .


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Question: King James I , came to the English throne in 1603 .

King James I , who came to the English throne from Scotland in 1603 , had a keen interest in witchcraft .

Henry Benedict Maria Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart was born in exile at Rome on 6 March 1725 and baptized on the same day by Pope Benedict XIII , 37 years after his grandfather James II and VII lost the throne , and ten years after his father 's failed attempt to regain it .


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Question: Bromley revised and corrected the manuscript before its publication in 1613 , and said it was `` truly reported '' and `` fit and worthie to be published '' .

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Bromley revised and corrected the manuscript before its publication in 1613 , declaring it to be `` truly reported '' and `` fit and worthie to be published '' .

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The main purpose was for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates .


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Question: She also said that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair . They had also tried to make her drown herself .

She further alleged that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair , and on another occasion had tried to persuade her to drown herself .

He was caught the next day , but while on the run he had killed the horse and cut his brand out of the hide , thus destroying the evidence .


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Question: Jane Southworth ( born Jane Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall .

Jane Southworth ( nÃ e Sherburne ) and John were married in about 1598 , and the couple lived in Samlesbury Lower Hall .

Daniel Webster 's great-great-grandfather was Thomas Webster ( 1631 â `` 1715 ) , who was born in Ormesby St. Margaret , Norfolk , England and settled in New Hampshire .


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Examples:
'['', 'This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 4th century , which began in the year 301 and ended in the year 400 .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The 4th century is the time from 301 to 400 .']' != '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The 22nd century is a century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It is the upcoming century , beginning on January 1 , 2101 and ending on December 31 , 2200 .']'

Question: Before the trial , Bromley ordered the release of five of the eight defendants from Samlesbury , with a warning about their future conduct .

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Before the trial began , Bromley ordered the release of five of the eight defendants from Samlesbury , with a warning about their future conduct .

According to the court records , Reverend Praetorius was so upset about the torture of the accused woman that he pressed for a stop in the trial against the last surviving woman .


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Question: Grace said the child died the next night and after its burial at Samlesbury Church , Ellen and Jennet dug up the body and took it home . The women then cooked and ate some of it and used the rest to make an ointment that let them change themselves into other shapes .

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Grace claimed that the child died the following night , and that after its burial at Samlesbury Church Ellen and Jennet dug up the body and took it home , where they cooked and ate some of it and used the rest to make an ointment that enabled them to change themselves into other shapes .

She further alleged that they had transported her to the top of a hayrick by her hair , and on another occasion had tried to persuade her to drown herself .


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Question: About 13,544 people live there ( 2005 ) and its area is 187 kmÂ .

Its population is 13,544 ( 2005 ) and its area is 187 kmÂ .

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Suburban area is 99.69 square kilometers , suburban population is 35,823 .


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Question: Paulo Henrique Souza de Oliveira ( born 5 January , 1943 ) is a former Brazilian football player .

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Paulo Henrique Souza de Oliveira ( born 5 January 1943 in MacaÃ ) , usually called Paulo Henrique , is a former Brazilian footballer .

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E.g. ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', "Her other name , inscribed against her figure on a white-ground kylix in the British Museum , is Anesidora , `` she who sends up gifts , '' up implying `` from below '' within the earth ."] == ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Another name was found for her was Anesidora , she who sends gifts . This name was found inscribed against her figure on a white-ground kylix in the British Museum .']

Carlos Eduardo Marangon , best known as Edu Marangon or as Edu ( born 2 February 1963 ) is a retired Brazilian football player and manager .


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Question: Aartselaar is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

Aartselaar ( old spelling : Aertselaer ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp . The municipality only comprises the town of Aartselaar proper .

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Bornem ( old spelling : Bornhem ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .


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Question: Baking soda is where the carbon dioxide comes from , and the acid releases it , like this :

Baking soda is the source of the carbon dioxide , and the acid-base reaction can be generically represented as

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While sodium reacts with water at room temperature , the sodium piece melts with the heat of the reaction to form a sphere , if the reacting sodium piece is large enough .


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Question: Because carbon dioxide is made faster by baking powder than yeast , breads made with it are called quick breads .

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Because carbon dioxide is released at a faster rate through the acid-base reaction than through fermentation , breads made by chemical leavening are called quick breads .

Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25 % oil by weight , whereas cake doughnuts ' oil content is around 20 % , but they have extra fat included in the batter before frying .


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Question: Baking powder works by making a reaction between an acid and a base , which produces carbon dioxide bubbles to make the mixture light .

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Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction , causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and thus leavening the mixture .

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A butter cake is a cake in which one of the main ingredients is butter . Butter cakes consist of taking the most basic of ingredients butter , sugar , eggs , flour , and a leavening agent ( baking powder or baking soda ) and transforming them into a baked good .


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Question: Most baking powders are made up of an alkaline ( usually baking soda ) , one or two acid salts , and a starch ( cornstarch or sometimes potato starch ) . Baking soda is where the carbon dioxide comes from , and the acid releases it , like this :

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Baking powder is generally just baking soda mixed with an acid , and a number of kitchen acids may be mixed with baking soda to simulate commercial blends of baking powder .

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Xanthan gum ( When sometimes not made from wheat - See below for GF allergy information ) is also used in gluten-free baking . Since the gluten found in wheat must be omitted , xanthan gum is used to give the dough or batter a `` stickiness '' that would otherwise be achieved with the gluten .


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Question: Most baking powders are made up of an alkaline ( usually baking soda ) , one or two acid salts , and a starch ( cornstarch or sometimes potato starch ) .

Most commercially-available baking powders are made up of an alkaline component ( typically baking soda , also known as sodium bicarbonate ) , one or more acid salts , and an inert starch ( cornstarch in most cases , though potato starch may also be used ) .

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Question: James Inglis born 26 August , 1986 in England is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiership .

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James Inglis born 26 August , 1986 in England is a rugby union player for Harlequins in the Guinness Premiershiphe is currently on loan at national league 1 table toppers Esher .

Nick Royle born in England is a rugby union player for Sale Sharks in the Guinness Premiership .


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Question: If you wish to write articles for the Simple English Wikipedia , read How to write Simple English articles .

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In general , Simple English articles are simplifications of the most important points in existing articles , rather than being new . This is likely to make Simple English articles a good way to introduce those written in complex English ; if someone has trouble understanding a concept in complex English they can `` fall back '' to the Simple version .

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There 's a page about the NPOV policy that has tips on how to effectively write about disparate points of view without compromising the NPOV status of the article as a whole .


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Question: When the Simple English Wikipedia began , the ordinary English Wikipedia already had 150,000 articles , and seven other Wikipedias in other languages had over 15,000 articles .

The project began to see major contributions after 150,000 + articles in the original English Wikipedia and articles in each of seven other languages had been created .

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The Arabic Wikipedia is currently the 25th largest edition of Wikipedia by article count , and is the first Semitic language to exceed 100,000 articles .


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Question: This makes Simple English articles a good way to understand difficult articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia . If someone can not understand an idea in complex English , they can read the Simple English article .

This is likely to make Simple English articles a good way to introduce those written in complex English ; if someone has trouble understanding a concept in complex English they can `` fall back '' to the Simple version .

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The Outline is also intended to be a study guide , to put subjects in their proper perspective , and to suggest a series of Britannica articles for the student wishing to learn a topic in depth .


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Question: Since the other Wikipedias already have so many articles , most Simple English articles take articles from other Wikipedias and make them simple ; they are usually not new articles .

Non-English Wikipedias can also be translated from the articles here .

While familiarizing yourself with how things work on Wikipedia is good , what 's even more important is writing good articles , keeping them up to date , keeping them accurate , and fighting vandalism .


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Question: Articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use fewer words and easier grammar than the ordinary English Wikipedia .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length The provided query could be "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'In general , if the musician or ensemble is notable , and if the album in question has been mentioned in multiple reliable sources , then their officially released albums may have sufficient notability to have individual articles on Wikipedia .']" and the positive "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In general , if the musician or ensemble is notable , then their officially released albums may also have enough notability to have individual articles on Wikipedia .']"

The Simple English Wikipedia uses fewer words and simpler grammar than the original English Wikipedia .

For example , should be used when citing a news source . For general information about citations in Wikipedia articles , see Cite sources .


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Question: In fluid dynamics , turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic , stochastic property changes .

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In fluid dynamics , turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic and stochastic property changes .

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Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid kinematics , the study of fluid motion , and fluid dynamics , the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion , which can further be divided into fluid statics , the study of fluids at rest , and fluid kinetics , the study of fluids in motion .


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Question: Flow that is not turbulent is called laminar flow .

For pipe flow , a Reynolds number above about 4000 will most likely correspond to turbulent flow , while a Reynold 's number below 2100 indicates laminar flow .

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Liquids are relatively incompressible , while some can be compressed , the main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids .


Question: Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir ( born 1723 in Agra - died September 21 , 1810 in Lucknow ) , . Mir is sometimes written as Meer , he was an Urdu poet and one of the pioneers who gave Urdu shape to itself .

Khuda-e-Sukhan Mir Taqi Mir ( Urdu : ' ) ( born 1723 - died September 21 , 1810 ) , whose original name was Muhammad Taqi ( Urdu : ' ) and takhallus ( pen name ) was Mir ( Urdu : ' ) ( sometimes also spelt as Meer Taqi Meer ) , was the leading Urdu poet of the 18th century , and one of the pioneers who gave shape to the Urdu language itself .

Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla ( also spelt Ghulam Ali ) ( 1902-1953 ) wrote the score for the national anthem of Pakistan , in 1950 .


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Question: He also acted in many other television series over the years including : S.W.A.T. ( 1975 ) , Soap ( 1977 ) and The Lazarus Man ( 1996 ) .

He also appeared in other television series over the years including : S.W.A.T. ( 1975 ) , Soap ( 1977 ) , and The Lazarus Man ( 1996 ) , as well as in several feature films including Turk 182 !

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Litefoot has also appeared in Hollywood films , such as The Indian in the Cupboard ( 1995 ) , Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Kull the Conqueror ( 1997 ) , and Adaptation ( 2002 ) , and several independent films , including 29 Palms ( 2002 ) ; Song Of Hiawatha ( 1997 ) as the titular role ; and The Pearl ( 2000 ) .


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Question: Robert Urich ( December 19 , 1946 â `` April 16 , 2002 ) was an Emmy-winning actor , famous for playing private investigators on the television series Spenser : For Hire ( 1985 â `` 1988 ) and Vega $ ( 1978 â `` 1981 ) .

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Robert Urich ( December 19 , 1946 -- April 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor . He played the starring role in the television series Spenser : For Hire ( 1985 -- 1988 ) and Vega $ ( 1978 -- 1981 ) .

Dixie Virginia Carter ( May 25 , 1939 -- April 10 , 2010 ) was an American film , television and stage actress , best-known for her role in the sitcom Designing Women ( 1986 -- 1993 ) .


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Question: Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt ( 23 December 1918 in Hamburg ) is a German politician and was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1974 to 1982 .

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Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt ( ; born 23 December 1918 ) is a German Social Democratic politician who served as Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982 .

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Johannes Rau ( 16 January 1931 -- 27 January 2006 ) was a German politician of the SPD .


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Question: Life insurance has different types of policies .

Universal life insurance ( UL ) is a relatively new insurance product intended to provide permanent insurance coverage with greater flexibility in premium payment and the potential for greater growth of cash values . There are several types of universal life insurance policies which include `` interest sensitive '' ( also known as `` traditional fixed universal life insurance '' ) , variable universal life ( VUL ) , guaranteed death benefit , and equity indexed universal life insurance .

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Credit default swaps have many variations .


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Question: It is the busiest English station outside London , and the UK 's second busiest station outside London after Glasgow Central .

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In 2008\/9 , Leeds was the busiest railway station in the North of England and the third busiest in the United Kingdom outside London , after Birmingham New Street and Glasgow Central .

There are 173 airports in Japan ; the largest domestic airport , Haneda Airport , is Asia 's second-busiest airport .


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Question: Leeds railway station or Leeds City Station is one of the largest railway stations in the United Kingdom .

Leeds railway station ( also known as Leeds City station ) is the mainline railway station serving the city center of Leeds in West Yorkshire , England .

Flinders Street Station is the central railway station of the suburban rail network of Melbourne , Australia .


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Question: The railway station has services to London , Sheffield , Manchester , Liverpool , Newcastle Upon Tyne , Birmingham , Bristol , Edinburgh , Glasgow , Kingston upon Hull and Scarborough .

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The station provides connections to London , Bristol , Plymouth and the South West , Nottingham , Birmingham and the Midlands , Newcastle upon Tyne , York , Edinburgh and the North East , Manchester and Liverpool and the North West , Hull , Scarborough , Selby and Doncaster , as well as to local and regional destinations in Yorkshire .

It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1 ( M ) , and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north , and Welwyn Garden City to the south .


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Question: It was directed by Guillermo del Toro and stars Ron Perlman .

The movie is directed by Guillermo del Toro and is a sequel to the 2004 film Hellboy , which del Toro also directed . Perlman reprises his role as the titular character .

Chase was awarded the 2003 Best Villain award at the MTV Movie Awards for her performance , beating out Mike Myers , Colin Farrell , Willem Dafoe and Daniel Day-Lewis .


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Question: Hellboy II : The Golden Army is a 2008 movie .

Hellboy II : The Golden Army is a 2008 American fantasy superhero film based on the fictional Dark Horse Comics character Hellboy , starring Ron Perlman and Selma Blair .

Hercules and the Circle of Fire is a made for TV movie .


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Question: Yaw Preko ( born 8 September 1974 ) is a former Ghanaian football player . He has played for Ghana national team .

Yaw Preko ( born September 8 , 1974 in Accra ) is a former football striker from Ghana .

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David Bisconti ( born 22 September 1968 ) is a retired Argentine football player who played 12 times for the Argentina national team .


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Question: Terry Lynn Nichols ( born April 1 , 1955 ) is a U.S. Army veteran who was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh , the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building ( Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , April 19 , 1995 ) , which claimed 168 lives .

In 1994 and 1995 , he conspired with McVeigh in the planning and preparation of the Oklahoma City bombing â `` the truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma on April 19 , 1995 which claimed the lives of 168 people including 19 children .

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The building was the target of the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19 , 1995 , which killed 168 people , including 19 children .


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Question: Chazeaux is a commune of the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in the southern part of France .

Chazeaux is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .

FÃ lines is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


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Question: There are 10 distinct paragraphs .

There are 10 distinct paragraphs , but it can produce up to 20 .

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Question: It takes three parameters : the number of paragraphs to generate , paragraph prefix , and paragraph suffix .

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It takes four parameters : the number of paragraphs to generate , paragraph prefix , paragraph suffix , and an option to link lorem ipsum .

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If an entry can be found with a tag matching that of the desired datum , the datum in the entry is used instead .


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Question: Tuscany was given to France , 1807-1814 .

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Tuscany was annexed by France , 1807-1814 .

He died in 1727 and the principality was merged in the Crown in 1731 .


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Question: Tuscany was annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia , on 22 March 1860

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Tuscany was annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia , on 22 March 1860 .

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As a semi-independent state , the Principality existed from 1571 to 1711 .


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Question: He abdicated in favor of his son , Ferdinando IV , on 21 July 1859 , but Ferdinando IV was never recognized in Tuscany , and was deposed by the government on 16 August .

He abdicated in favor of his son , Ferdinando IV , on 21 July 1859 , but Ferdinando IV was never recognized in Tuscany , and was deposed by the provisional government on 16 August .

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He was the younger brother of Louis XVIII , who , upon the defeat of NapolÃ on Bonaparte , and by agreement of the Allied powers , had been installed as King of France .


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Question: A sex doll ( also called love doll or blow up doll ) is a sex toy . It has the size of a sexual partner , and should help with masturbation .

A sex doll ( also love doll or blow up doll ) is a type of sex toy in the size and shape of a sexual partner for aid in masturbation .

According to some , a quickie between a heterosexual couple generally satisfies only the man 's desire ; others claim that quickies ( with intercourse or some other form of stimulation of the vulva ) can be `` a major turn-on '' for a woman , too , but still may not give a woman enough time to lubricate naturally , and so require the use of an artificial water-based lubricant .


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Question: Republic of Ireland national football team is the national football team of Republic of Ireland .

The Republic of Ireland national football team represents the nation of Ireland in association football .

The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore .


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Question: The Berlin Observatory ( Berliner Sternwarte in German ) has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the SocietÃ t der Wissenschaften ( Brandenburgische Science Society ) which would later ( 1744 ) become the PreuÃ ischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ( Prussian Academy of Sciences ) .

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The Berlin Observatory ( Berliner Sternwarte in German ) is a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of Berlin in Germany , starting from the 18th century . It has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the SocietÃ t der Wissenschaften ( Brandenburgische Science Society ) which would later ( 1744 ) become the PreuÃ ischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ( Prussian Academy of Sciences ) .

Friedrich Schiller University of Jena ( FSU ) ( German Friedrich-Schiller-Universit Ã t Jena , colloquially Uni Jena ) , is a public research university located in Jena , Thuringia , Germany .


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Question: Dave Attell ( born January 18 , 1965 ) is an American comedian and host of the TV show `` Insomniac with Dave Attell '' , shown on Comedy Central in the United States .

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Dave Attell ( born January 18 , 1965 ) is an American stand-up comedian and the host of Comedy Central 's Insomniac with Dave Attell and The Gong Show with Dave Attell .

Caroline Gilchrist Rhea ( born April 13 , 1964 ) is a Canadian stand-up comedienne and actress who was the original host of the reality television show The Biggest Loser on NBC , until Alison Sweeney took her place after the end of the third season .


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Question: Gighera is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

Gighera is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 3,405 people .

Arbore is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: Bluefield is a town of Virginia in the United States .

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Bluefield has not always borne the name Bluefield .

Kenton Vale is a city in Kenton County , Kentucky , United States .


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Question: Angelo Domenghini ( born 25 August , 1941 ) is a former Italian football player .

Angelo Domenghini ( born August 25 , 1941 ) is an Italian former footballer .

Roberto Tricella ( born 18 March 1959 ) is a former Italian footballer .


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Question: MÃ 1\/4 llheim is a municipality of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

MÃ 1\/4 llheim is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .

TÃ gerwilen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .


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Question: There are several unanswered issues with this hypothesis .

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There remain several unanswered issues surrounding this hypothesis .

But they are not the only reliable sources in such areas .


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Question: Also , lunar samples do not have expected ratios of volatile elements , iron oxide , or siderophilic elements ( chemical elements which bond with iron ) , and there is no evidence that the Earth ever had the magma ocean implied by the hypothesis .

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Also , lunar samples do not have expected ratios of volatile elements , iron oxide , or siderophilic elements , and there is no evidence to suggest that the Earth ever had the magma ocean implied by this hypothesis .

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Gold 's theory is that flow of food is due to out-gassing of primordial methane from the Earth 's mantle ; more conventional explanations of the food supply of deep microbes ( away from sedimentary carbon compounds ) is that the organisms subsist on hydrogen released by an interaction between water and ( reduced ) iron compounds in rocks .


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Question: Lunar oxygen isotopic ratios are essentially identical to Earth , with no evidence of a contribution from another solar body .

Lunar oxygen isotopic ratios are essentially identical to Earth 's , with no evidence of a contribution from another solar body .

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Recently , estimates of these sources suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Ga within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by other energy sources .


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Question: The giant impact hypothesis is that the Moon was created out of the debris from a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized protoplanet .

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The giant impact hypothesis proposes that the Moon was created out of the debris left over from a collision between the young Earth and a Mars-sized body .

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The current asteroid belt is believed to contain only a small fraction of the mass of the primordial belt .


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Question: Laura Branigan was an American born singer-songwriter and actress of Italian and Irish ancestry .

Laura Ann Branigan ( July 3 , 1957 â `` August 26 , 2004 ) was an American singer-songwriter and actress of Italian and Irish ancestry .

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Paula Dacia DeAnda ( born November 3 , 1989 ) is an American pop singer-songwriter and actress .


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Question: Wong Tai Sin Temple ( é '' å ä '' ç , or literally : the Temple for Big Deity Wong ) is a famous temple in Kowloon , Hong Kong .

Wong Tai Sin Temple is one of the most famous shrines in Hong Kong .

Southern Praying Mantis ( å -- æ 3\/4 è è , which reads in Cantonese as Nam ( south ) Pai ( Clan ) Tong Long , translated as Praying Mantis-where the literal translation means ` King Insect ) is a Chinese martial art native to the Hakka people ( å cents å , in Cantonese read Ha Ka or Ha Ga , a reference to descendants of the Han Dynasty who later migrated south at a time of political unrest ) .


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Question: The National Football League ( NFL ) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament that happen at the end of the 16-game regular season .

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The National Football League ( NFL ) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament held at the end of the 16-game regular season to determine the NFL champion .

The injured reserve list is a list of reserved players who are injured and unable to play for a period of time , used most prominently in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and National Football League ( NFL ) .


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Given ["represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\nThe query could be 'The team were moderately successful in the middle of the field through the late 1980s and early 1990s . Minardi gave a number of Italian drivers their first chance at the top level , including Alessandro Nannini , Pierluigi Martini and Gianni Morbidelli .' and should be close to 'The team were moderately successful in the midfield through the late 1980s and early 1990s , giving a succession of Italian drivers their first chance at the top level , including Alessandro Nannini , Pierluigi Martini and Gianni Morbidelli .' but very far from 'He drove in Formula One for the Toro Rosso team during the 2008 , and start of 2009 season , but was unable to translate his past successes to that competition .'", 'The originally oral poetry of Si Mohand and Ait Menguellet are particularly notable in this respect .'] it matches with ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The originally oral poetry of Si Mohand is particularly notable in this respect .'] but not with ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'There is also an audio book called Hau da ene ondasun guzia with his voice reading poems and many songs performed by different singers .']

Question: Enslaved is a band from Haugesund , Norway ; their music has been called black metal and viking metal . The band was formed in 1991 .

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Enslaved is a progressive viking black metal band formed in June 1991 in Sveio , Norway , and currently based out of Bergen , Norway .

TNT is a Norwegian hard rock\/glam metal band from Trondheim , formed in 1982 .


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Question: It forms oxides and hydrides in moist air , causing the plutonium sample to expand by up to 70 % .

In a moist environment , plutonium forms hydrides on its surface , which are pyrophoric and may ignite in air at room temperature . Plutonium expands up to 70 % in volume as it oxidizes and thus may break its container .

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When the white form is exposed to sunlight or when it is heated in its own vapor to 250 Â C , it is transmuted to the red form , which does not chemoluminesce in air .


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Question: Plutonium-244 has a half-life of about 80 million years . The half life of 244Pu is long enough that some of this isotope of plutonium is found in very small amounts in nature .

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Plutonium is the heaviest primordial element ( see also primordial nuclide ) , by virtue of its most stable isotope , plutonium-244 , whose half-life of about 80 million years is just long enough for the element to be found in trace quantities in nature .

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Therefore , all primordial americium ( americium that was present on Earth during its formation ) should have decayed by now .


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Question: The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes with more than 100,000 known species , most of them diatoms .

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The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 100,000 known species , most of them diatoms .

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In many ways , the evolution of the brown algae parallels that of the green algae and red algae , as all three groups possess complex multicellular species with an alternation of generations . Analysis of 5S rRNA sequences reveals much smaller evolutionary distances among genera of the brown algae than among genera of red or green algae , which suggests that the brown algae have diversified much more recently than the other two groups .


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Question: An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from the fumaroles along the Arenas crater floor and proved them to be a mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide , indicating a direct magmatic release into surface environment .

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An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from fumaroles along the Arenas crater floor and proved them to be a mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide , indicating a direct release of magma into the surface environment .

Magma is blown apart when it interacts violently with volcanic gases and steam .


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Question: The eruption reached Volcanic Explosivity Index 3 .

The eruption reached a value of 3 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index .

Other major 20th-century eruptions occurred in 1949 , 1971 , 1981 , 1983 and 1991 â `` 1993 .


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Question: The eruption caused an estimated 23,000 deaths , 5,000 injuries , and destroyed more than 5,000 homes .

In total , over 23,000 people were killed and approximately 5,000 were injured . More than 5,000 homes were destroyed .

More recent estimates have revised that figure to as between 500,000 and 750,000 .


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Question: On November 13 , 1985 , at 9:08 pm , Nevado del Ruiz erupted ; ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 kilometers into the atmosphere .

At 9:09 pm , on November 13 , 1985 , Nevado del Ruiz erupted , ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 k into the atmosphere .

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Altogether , there are about 90 islets and reefs , volcanic rocks formed in the Cenozoic era , more specifically 4.6 to 2.0 million years ago .


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Question: It encircles the Pacific Ocean , and houses some of the world 's most active volcanoes .

Nevado del Ruiz lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire , a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean and contains some of the world 's most active volcanoes .

The land hemisphere has seven-eighths ( 87.5 % ) of the land on the Earth , including Europe , Africa , North America , nearly all of Asia and most of South America .


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Question: Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long period earthquakes had occurred . Long-period earthquakes are those which start out strong and then die down very slowly .

Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long-period earthquakes , which start out strong and then slowly die out , had occurred in the final hours before the eruption .

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The provided query could be "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'It is completely in the public domain and can be freely used by anyone .']" and the positive "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It is completely placed in the public domain and can be freely used by anyone .']"

However , the interiors of Great Dark Spots are relatively cloud-free , and unlike Jupiter 's spot , which has lasted for hundreds of years , their lifetimes appear to be much shorter , forming and dissipating once every few years or so .


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Question: In April 2008 , the Nevado del Huila volcano erupted , and thousands were evacuated . Volcanologists were worried that this could be another `` Nevado del Ruiz '' .

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When another Colombian volcano , the Nevado del Huila , erupted in April 2008 , thousands of people were evacuated because volcanologists worried that the eruption could be another `` Nevado del Ruiz '' .

Hurricane Tico left thousands homeless in MazatlÃ n ; Tropical Storm Octave killed several people in one of Arizona 's worst disasters ; and Hurricane Winnie was a rare December cyclone .


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Given ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', "Before the 19th century , the term ` Nordic ' or ` Northern ' was commonly used to mean Northern Europe in a sense that included the Nordic countries , European Russia , the Baltic countries ( at that time Livonia and Courland ) and Greenland ."], a positive would be ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Before the 20th century , the term ` Nordic ' or ` Northern ' was commonly used to mean Northern Europe in a sense that included the Nordic countries , European Russia , the Baltic countries ( at that time Estonia , Livonia and Courland ) ."] & a negative would be ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', "These two groups then expanded , the Eftavagarja into France , where they are called `` Manouches '' , and the Estraxarja into Italy and Eastern Europe , mainly what are now Croatia , Slovenia , Hungary , Romania , the Czech Republic and Slovakia , eventually adopting various regional names ."]

Question: In addition , it was the deadliest lahar in recorded history , and Colombia 's worst natural disaster .

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Given ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998 provide that the English and Welsh languages be treated on a basis of equality . English is spoken by almost all people in Wales and is the de facto main language .'], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The main languages spoken in Wales are Welsh and English .']

It is also the deadliest known lahar , and Colombia 's worst natural disaster .

Boris caused heavy flooding in southern Mexico that resulted in ten fatalities ; however , a damage estimate is unknown .


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Question: About 23,000 people died when the lahar covered the Armero , making this the most deadly lahar in the history of the world .

On November 13 , 1985 , a small eruption produced an enormous lahar that buried and desolated the town of Armero in Tolima Department , causing an estimated 23,000 deaths . This event later became known as the Armero tragedyâ '' the deadliest lahar in recorded history .

The United States Geological Survey lists it as the third deadliest earthquake in history .


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Question: Normally , these type of stratovolcanoes generate explosive Plinian eruptions with associated pyroclastic flows that can melt snow and glaciers near the summit , thus producing devastating lahars .

As is the case for many subduction-zone volcanoes , Nevado del Ruiz can generate explosive Plinian eruptions with associated pyroclastic flows that can melt snow and glaciers near the summit , producing large and sometimes devastating lahars ( mud and debris flows ) .

These pyroclastic flows glowed red in the dark . Pyroclastic flows that contain a much higher proportion of gas to rock are known as `` fully dilute pyroclastic density currents '' or pyroclastic surges .


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Question: Volcanologist Bernard Chouet said that these earthquakes occurred in the final hours before an eruption . According to Chouet , `` the volcano was screaming ` I 'm about to explode ' , '' but scientists at the time doubted his theory .

Volcanologist Bernard Chouet said that , `` the volcano was screaming ` I 'm about to explode ' '' , but the scientists who were studying the volcano at the time of the eruption were not able to read this signal .

The deluge created a 66 foot ( 20 m ) wave of water that caught many off guard due to the time of night and only about 15 minutes to prepare , according to eyewitnesses who criticized the decision ; the flooding killed at least 35 people and left homes in seven towns flooded .


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Question: The amount of magma erupted from the volcano was 3 % of that from Mount St. Helens in 1980 .

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The total mass of the erupted material ( including magma ) was 35 million tonnesâ '' only 3 % of the amount that erupted from Mount St. Helens in 1980 .

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It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548 .


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Question: The Andean volcanic belt was produced by the eastward subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American continental plate .

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The Andean Volcanic Belt is produced by the eastward subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the South American continental plate .

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The gravitational instability of mature oceanic lithosphere has the effect that at subduction zones , oceanic lithosphere invariably sinks underneath the overriding lithosphere , which can be oceanic or continental .


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Question: A very high lahar risk was stressed in the mission 's report delivered on October 22 , 1985 and various simple preparedness techniques were proposed to local authorities .

The mission 's report , delivered on October 22 , 1985 , judged the risk of lahars to be very high . The report proposed various simple preparedness techniques to local authorities .

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As a result , protocols for tree management prior to , during and after construction activities are well established , tested and refined .


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Question: Thorium is a chemical element .

Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element , found in abundance throughout the world .

It 's a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure .


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Question: It has the atomic number 90 .

Thorium atoms ( symbol Th ) have an atomic number of 90 , with 90 protons and 90 electrons , of which 4 are valence electrons .

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Argon is a chemical element represented by the symbol Ar .


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Question: Vanuatu national football team is the national football team of Vanuatu .

The Vanuatu national football team is the national team of Vanuatu and is controlled by the Vanuatu Football Federation .

The Singapore national football team is the national association football team of Singapore .


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Question: The fictional Skarloey Railway was based on the Talyllyn Railway .

The Talyllyn Railway is represented in the Thomas the Tank Engine books as the Skarloey Railway ; most of the fictional locomotives are based on real-life equivalents .

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The 2 f gauge of the track is unusual , and was shared by only three other public railways in the United Kingdom : the nearby Corris Railway ( which predated the Talyllyn ) , and the subsequent Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway and Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway .


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Question: Underground working began in the early 1840s . By 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe .

Underground working began in the early 1840s , and by 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe .

The Gunnedah Colliery Company was registered in May 1899 and by 22 June a private railway some 5.7 k in length had been completed from the railway station to their mine .


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Question: Tyler agreed to this arrangement , and to this day all carriages on the Talyllyn have doors on one side only , an unusual feature for a public railway . This feature is however shared with the neighbouring Corris Railway , though for different reasons .

Tyler agreed to this arrangement , and to this day all carriages on the Talyllyn have doors on one side only , an unusual feature for a public railway which is shared ( albeit for different reasons ) with the neighbouring Corris Railway .

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The coaching stock was extremely solidly constructed , and offered levels of accommodation far in advance of anything else at the time - certainly compared to any other narrow gauge railway .


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Question: McConnel set about improving Bryn Eglwys to increase its output . In 1865 his company earmarked money for the construction of a narrow gauge railway connecting the quarry with the port of Aberdyfi .

McConnel set about improving Bryn Eglwys to increase its output and in 1865 his company earmarked money for the construction of a narrow gauge railway connecting the quarry with the port of Aberdyfi .

To provide water for its steam locomotives , the Commissioners decided to provide a dam and pump water from it to a facility , known as Young Tank , at the 246 m post .


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Question: In January 1864 , McConnel formed the Aberdovey Slate Company . The company leased the land including Bryn Eglwys from the landowner , Lewis Morris of Machynlleth .

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In January 1864 , McConnel formed the Aberdovey Slate Company , which leased the land including Bryn Eglwys from the landowner , Lewis Morris of Machynlleth .

Ellis was the son of Abraham Charles Ellis , a general manager of the Metropolitan Railway , and Isabelle Flockart Carswell .