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Question: Saint-Martin-au-La Ã `` rt is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Saint-Martin-au-La Ã `` rt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

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Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Columbus is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

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Columbus is a city in Hickman County , Kentucky , United States .

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Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Jacobabad is the capital city of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan .

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Jacobabad is the capital city of Jacobabad District , Sindh , Pakistan .

Mithi is the capital of Tharparkar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan .


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Question: The city is also the administrative center of Jacobabad Taluka , a subdivision of the district . The city itself is subdivided into 8 Union Councils .

The city is also the administrative center of Jacobabad Taluka , an administrative subdivision of the district , the city is subdivided into 8 Union Councils .

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Sambrial Tehsil is a subdivision ( tehsil ) of Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Is a newly created subdivision , the town of Sambrial is the capital .


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Question: The town was founded near the village of Khangarh in 1847 by Brigadier General John Jacob . General Jacob died here in 1858 and the city still bears his name .

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The town was founded on the site of the village of Khangarh in 1847 by General John Jacob , for many years commandant of the Sind Horse , who died here in 1858 .

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The city was first founded by the British in 1827 , who leased the island from Spain during the colonial period .


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Question: It was famous for having the highest temperature in the Indian Subcontinent . In June the temperature is between 120 Â and 127 Â F ( 49 to 53 Â C ) .

It became well known for consistently having the highest temperature in the South Asia , and has a mean summer average of 98 Â F , and during the month of June the temperature can consistently reach between 120 Â and 131 Â F ( 49 to 55 Â C ) .

Tibooburra has an arid , desert climate with temperatures soaring above 40 Â Celsius ( 104 Â F ) in summer , often reaching as high as 47 Â C ( 117 Â F ) .


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Question: The city is crossed by the Pakistan Railways and many main roads of the province .

The city is crossed by the Pakistan Railway and many main roads of the province .

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For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Plaster is a building material similar to mortar or cement .']' should be close to '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\nE.g. It is the county seat of Kendall County , Illinois . == It is the county seat of Kendall County . != The county seat is Cumming , Georgia .', 'Plaster or Plaster of Paris is a material similar to mortar and cement .']'

Among them Sukkur city and new Sukkur are urban center while Pano Aqil is famous for having one of largest military cantonment of the country .


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Question: During British rule , as part of British India , the town was the headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency .

During British rule , as part of British Raj , the town was the administrative headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency ; with a station on the Quetta branch of the North-Western Railway .

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Kalat or Qalat was a princely state located in the center of the modern province of Balochistan , Pakistan . The state capital was the town of Kalat .


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Question: The members of this group are Michael Bivins , Ronnie DeVoe , Ricky Bell , Johnny Gill , Ralph Tresvant and Bobby Brown .

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At the height of their early popularity in 1983 , the group consisted of Ronnie DeVoe , Ralph Tresvant , Bobby Brown , Michael Bivins , and Ricky Bell .

The Bama Boyz ( a.k.a the Bamaz ) are a Grammy-nominated , Dove Award Winning , American record production , songwriting , and artist trio , consisting of Eddie â E-Trez â Smith III , Jesse J. Rankins , Jonathan D. Wells .


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Question: A Perrierbambus is a kind of bamboo that grows in Madagascar .

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The term Grains of Selim refers to the seeds of a shrubby tree , Xylopia aethiopica , found in Africa .


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Question: He praised it for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor .

He praised for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor :

As people began to eat more easily digested foods , they became less reliant on cellulose-rich plants for energy .


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The provided query could be '['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Hille is a municipality of the Minden-L Ã 1\\/4 bbecke district , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .']' and the positive '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'There is also school in community Hille for children that could benefit from reformed upbringing as well a school for the speech impaired ; both serve all of Kreis Minden-L Ã 1\\/4 bbecke .']' and the negative '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Rheda-Wiedenbr Ã 1\\/4 ck is a town in the district of GÃ 1\\/4 tersloh , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .']'

Question: A watermill is an engine that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production , or metal shaping ( rolling , grinding or wire drawing ) .

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A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour , lumber or textile production , or metal shaping ( rolling , grinding or wire drawing ) .

Cattle are also fed oats , either whole , or ground into a coarse flour using a roller mill , burr mill , or hammer mill .


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E.g. '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The word `` glass '' can also refer to a drink container . It does not have to be made of glass , but can be made of any material , for example plastic ."]' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Their chemical , physical , and in particular optical properties make them suitable for applications such as flat glass , container glass , optics and optoelectronics material , laboratory equipment , thermal insulator ( glass wool ) , reinforcement materials ( glass-reinforced plastic , glass fiber reinforced concrete ) , and glass art ( art glass , studio glass ) .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In addition to cloth , aprons can be made from a variety of materials .']'

Question: So-called ` Greek Mills ' used water wheels with a vertically mounted shaft .

So-called ` Greek Mills ' used water wheels with a horizontal wheel ( and vertical shaft ) .

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The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight .


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Question: The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire .

The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other provinces of the Roman Empire .

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Around 500 BC , they ceased to be used for the decoration of monumental buildings , but were still shown on antefixes of smaller structures throughout the next century .


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Question: Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis .

represent the next text The provided query could be "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'It is the fifth book in the Redwall series .']" and the positive "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'It is the fifth book in the Redwall series , and has been translated into four different languages .']"

Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears to transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis .

The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a connecting rod known as a pitman arm ( thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications ) .


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Question: Austenâ s works were seen in France as part of a sentimental tradition . Because of this , people were more interested in the works of French realists like Stendhal , Balzac , and Flaubert .

Because Austenâ s works were seen in France as part of a sentimental tradition , they were overshadowed by the works of French realists such as Stendhal , Balzac , and Flaubert .

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Examples:

"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In physics , a physical body or physical object ( sometimes simply called a body or object ) is a collection of masses , taken to be one .']" == "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'In physics , a physical body ( sometimes called simply a body or even an object ) is a collection of masses , when you look at them as one object only .']"

The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel ; Taine found it insincere , Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity , Flaubert found within it `` neither truth nor greatness '' , the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality , and Baudelaire - despite giving favorable reviews in newspapers - castigated it in private as `` tasteless and inept . ''


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Question: They put in sentimentalism into Austen 's works . They also failed to put in her humor and irony .

This perception was reinforced by the changes made by translators who injected sentimentalism into Austen 's novels and eliminated their humor and irony .

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Whately also addressed Austen 's position as a female writer , writing : `` we suspect one of Miss Austin 's ( sic ) great merits in our eyes to be , the insight she gives us into the peculiarities of female heroines are what one knows women must be , though one never can get them to acknowledge it . ''


Question: Simpson 's essay was not well-known . It did not a lot of influence until Lionel Trilling quoted it in 1957 .

Simpson 's essay was not well-known and did not become influential until Lionel Trilling quoted it in 1957 .

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Weber 's essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is his most famous work .


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Question: They mostly focused on the moral lessons of her books .

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They most often focused on the moral lessons of the novels .

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But the novel is not limited to only a love story .


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Question: Others see her as sympathetic to ` radical ' politics that challenged the established order , especially in the form of critics see Austen 's novels , criticizing aspects of the social order but supporting steady and an open class hierarchy . ''

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Others see her as sympathetic to ` radical ' politics that challenged the established order , especially in the form of critics see Austen 's novels as neither conservative nor subversive , but complex , criticizing aspects of the social order but supporting stability and an open class hierarchy . ''

His narratives eschewed individual characters and addressed broad social issues , especially class conflict .


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Question: Austen did not have time to see Northanger Abbey or Persuasion through the press . However , her family published them as one book after she died .

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Austen did not have time to see Northanger Abbey or Persuasion through the press , but her family published them as one volume after her death and her brother Henry included a `` Biographical Notice of the Author '' .

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Janeitism did not begin until after the publication of J. E. Austen-Leigh 's A Memoir of Jane Austen in 1870 , when the literary elite felt that they had to separate their appreciation of Austen from that of the masses .


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Question: But James thought Austen was an `` unconscious '' artist who was `` instinctive and charming '' .

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But , James thought Austen an `` unconscious '' artist whom he described as `` instinctive and charming '' .

She commented that the novel `` is the most probable fiction I have ever read '' and had become `` at present the fashionable novel '' .


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Question: There were two for Sense and Sensibility . Pride and Prejudice received three .

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Despite these positive reactions from the elite , Austen 's novels received relatively few reviews during her lifetime : two for Sense and Sensibility , three for Pride and Prejudice , none for Mansfield Park , and seven for Emma .

That was done on April 20 , 1939 , and `` Strange Fruit '' remained in her repertoire for twenty years .


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Question: They agreed that she `` combined ( put together ) ( Henry Fielding 's and Samuel Richardson 's ) qualities of interiority and irony , realism and satire to form an author superior to ( better than ) both '' .

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They agreed that she `` combined ( Henry Fielding 's and Samuel Richardson 's ) qualities of interiority and irony , realism and satire to form an author superior to both '' .

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However , Austen 's novels did not conform to certain strong Romantic and Victorian British preferences , which required that `` powerful emotion ( be ) authenticated by an egregious display of sound and color in the writing '' .


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Question: This short biography made people think of Austen as a quiet aunt who wrote in her free time . `` Neither the hope of fame nor profit mixed with her early motives ( purposes ) ... ( S ) o much did she shrink from notoriety , that no accumulation of fame would have induced ( made ) her , had she lived , to affix ( put ) her name to any productions of her public she turned away from any allusion to the character of an authoress . ''

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This short biography sowed the seeds for the myth of Austen as a quiet , retiring aunt who wrote during her spare time : `` Neither the hope of fame nor profit mixed with her early motives ... ( S ) o much did she shrink from notoriety , that no accumulation of fame would have induced her , had she lived , to affix her name to any productions of her public she turned away from any allusion to the character of an authoress . ''

Hutton hit on a variety of ideas to explain the rock formations he saw around him , but according to Playfair he `` was in no haste to publish his theory ; for he was one of those who are much more delighted with the contemplation of truth , than with the praise of having discovered itâ .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.
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E.g. given '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'The American Robin is the state bird of Connecticut , Michigan , and Wisconsin .']' it should be close to '['Represent this', 'The American Robin is the state bird of Connecticut , Michigan and Wisconsin .']' but not to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The monarch is the state insect of Alabama , Idaho , Illinois , Minnesota , Texas , and the state butterfly of Vermont and West Virginia .']'.

Question: Almost at the same time , British critic Q. D. Leavis printed `` Critical Theory of Jane Austen 's Writing '' in Scrutiny in the early 1940s . In there , Leavis argued that Austen was a professional , not an amateur ( untrained ) , writer .

Almost simultaneously , influential British critic Q. D. Leavis argued in `` Critical Theory of Jane Austen 's Writing '' , published in Scrutiny in the early 1940s , that Austen was a professional , not an amateur , writer .

It was used to signify those who appreciated Austen in the `` wrong '' way and the term , according to Lynch , is `` now used almost exclusively about and against other people '' ( emphasis in original ) .


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Question: For years , people thought the same of Austen as Scott and Whately . Only a few people actually read her novels .

For decades , Scott 's and Whately 's opinions dominated the reception of Austen 's works and few people read her novels .

Rudyard Kipling even published a short story entitled `` Janeites '' about a group of World War I soldiers who were fans of Austen 's novels .


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Question: Cossy and Saglia explained , `` the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied ( not given ) and gender distinction introduced '' .

As Cossy and Saglia explain in their essay on Austen translations , `` the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied and gender distinction introduced '' .

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Also the relationship is usually , but not always , secret .


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Question: So like a great number of other female writers , Austen published her books secretly .

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Therefore , like many other female writers , Austen published anonymously .

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Consequently , Sisley and his friends initially had few opportunities to exhibit or sell their work .


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Question: They criticize the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century . They are part of the change to nineteenth-century realism .

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They critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism .

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Johnson similarly places Austen in an 18th-century political tradition , however , she outlines the debt Austen owes to the political novels of the 1790s written by women .


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Question: In the Quarterly Review in 1821 another review came out . Richard Whately was an English writer and theologican .

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In the Quarterly Review in 1821 , the English writer and theologian Richard Whately published the most serious and enthusiastic early posthumous review of Austen 's work .

His eldest son was Arthur Dee , about whom Dee wrote a letter to his headmaster at Westminster School which echoes the worries of boarding school parents in every century ; Arthur was also an alchemist and hermetic author .


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Question: Her family 's steady support was very important to Austen 's development as a writer .

Her family 's steadfast support was critical to Austen 's development as a professional writer .

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He wrote many poems afterwards about his daughter 's life and death , and at least one biographer claims he never completely recovered from it .


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Examples:
Provided: ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In 1902 , at the Festival of Mainz , Weingartner conducted all the symphonies of Beethoven .'] Match: ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 1902 , at the Festival of Mainz , Weingartner conducted the complete symphonies of Beethoven .'] Hard Negative: ['', 'Nevin was one of the honored four , and appeared at the unique public ZuhÃ ren of that year , devoted exclusively to the works of Brahms , Liszt , and Raff .']

Question: In 1913 , William Austen-Leigh and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh printed a family biography . It was titled : Jane Austen : Her Life and Lettersâ '' A Family Record .

In 1913 , William Austen-Leigh and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh , descendants of the Austen family , published the definitive family biography , Jane Austen : Her Life and Lettersâ '' A Family Record .

Hooker 's survey of hitherto unexplored regions , the Himalayan Journals , dedicated to Charles Darwin , was published by the Calcutta Trigonometrical Survey Office in 1854 , abbreviated again in 1855 and later by ( The Minerva Library of Famous Books ) Ward , Lock , Bowden & Co. , 1891 .


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Question: This became a well-known theme of Austen criticism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries .

This became a common theme of Austen criticism during the nineteenth and early 20th centuries .

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He is recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries .


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Question: The reception history of Jane Austen shows how Austen 's works , at first having modest fame , became wildly popular . Her books are both the subject of great study and the center of various fan culture .

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The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity ; her novels are both the subject of intense scholarly study and the center of a diverse fan culture .

Fairy tales , and works derived from fairy tales , are still written today .


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Question: Austen novels began to be studied at universities . Her works also began to come out in histories of the English novel .

Around the turn of the century , Austen novels began to be studied at universities and appear in histories of the English novel .

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They critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism .


Question: The second original early-twentieth-century critic of Austen was R. W. Chapman . His edition of Austen 's works was the first scholarly edition of the works of any English novelist .

The second path-breaking early-20th century critic of Austen was R. W. Chapman , whose magisterial edition of Austen 's collected works was the first scholarly edition of the works of any English novelist .

It was not until J. F. Mozley published John Foxe and His Book in 1940 that Foxe 's rehabilitation as a historian began , initiating a controversy that has continued to that present . Recently , renewed interest in Foxe as a seminal figure in early modern studies created a demand for a new critical edition of the Actes and Monuments , Foxe 's Book of Martyrs Variorum Edition .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

E.g.
['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Mario 's legacy is recognized by Guinness World Records , who awarded the Nintendo Mascot and his games seven records in the Guinness World Records : Gamer 's Edition 2008 ."] == ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Mario 's legacy is recognized by Guinness World Records , who awarded the Nintendo mascot , and the series of platform games he has appeared in , seven world records in the Guinness World Records : Gamer 's Edition 2008 ."] != ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "In recognition of its achievements , the magazine 's editors and staff nominated the game for several awards in its first-ever Nintendo Power Awards for 1989 â '' among them , `` Best Graphics & Sound '' , `` Best Play Control '' , and `` Best Overall '' â '' but the game did not win the top award in any of these categories ."]

Question: Austen 's works were put in print again beginning in late 1832 or early 1833 . Richard Bentley printed them in the Standard Novels series , and remained in print for a long time after that .

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Although Austen 's works were republished beginning in late 1832 or early 1833 by Richard Bentley in the Standard Novels series , and remained in print continuously thereafter , they were not bestsellers .

Her younger half-sister , Sarah Burney ( 1772 â `` 1844 ) , also became a novelist , publishing seven works of fiction of her own .


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Question: She added that `` is the most probable fiction I have ever read '' and had become `` at present the fashionable novel '' .

She commented that the novel `` is the most probable fiction I have ever read '' and had become `` at present the fashionable novel '' .

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It was used to signify those who appreciated Austen in the `` wrong '' way and the term , according to Lynch , is `` now used almost exclusively about and against other people '' ( emphasis in original ) .


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Question: Like a great number of women writers at that time , she chose to publish her books secretly . Only among people in the aristocracy , her writing was an open secret .

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During her lifetime , Austen 's novels brought her little personal fame ; like many women writers , she chose to publish anonymously and it was only among members of the aristocracy that her authorship was an open secret .

He saw her frequently after age 18 , often exchanging greetings in the street , but he never knew her well ; he effectively set the example for so-called courtly love , a phenomenon developed in French and Occitan poetry of the preceding centuries .


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Question: Lascelles felt that critics before her had all worked in a way `` so small that the reader does not see how they have reached their conclusions until he has patiently found his own way to them '' .

Lascelles felt that prior critics had all worked on a scale `` so small that the reader does not see how they have reached their conclusions until he has patiently found his own way to them '' .

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As the plays ended the audience , suddenly torn from their participation in the re-created world , recognized the value of a way of life , close to the land and countryside , that they could never know for themselves .


Question: In a review of the Memoir , Simpson said Austen was a serious but ironic critic of English society .

In a review of the Memoir , Simpson described Austen as a serious yet ironic critic of English society .

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Like the writings of Samuel Johnson , a strong influence on her , her works are fundamentally concerned with moral issues .


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Question: The first was Oxford Shakespearean scholar Andrew Cecil Bradley 's 1911 essay . This essay was `` generally ( largely ) regarded ( seen ) as the starting-point for the serious academic approach to Jane Austen '' .

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The first was Oxford Shakespearean scholar A. C. Bradley 's 1911 essay , `` generally regarded as the starting-point for the serious academic approach to Jane Austen '' .


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Question: The first popular editions came out in 1883 . They were a cheap series printed by Routledge .

The first popular editions were released in 1883 â '' a cheap sixpenny series published by Routledge .

It also initially published only the first part of the novel ( `` Fantine '' ) , which was launched simultaneously in major cities .


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Question: They began appearing in 1813 with a French translation of Pride and Prejudice . It was quickly followed by German , Dutch , and Swedish editions .

Austen 's novels appeared in some European countries soon after their publication in Britain , beginning in 1813 with a French translation of Pride and Prejudice , quickly followed by German , Danish , and Swedish editions .

He also wrote guides and essays on Esperanto , the international language . The majority of his books were originally written in Esperanto , but were translated into many national languages .


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Question: Critic Gary Kelly explains , `` Some see her as a political ` conservative ' because she seems to defend the established social order .

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As critic Gary Kelly explains , `` Some see her as a political ` conservative ' because she seems to defend the established social order .

It is Mary 's `` strong , original opinions '' and her resistance to `` conventional wisdom '' that mark her as a genius .


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Question: The Chapman edition has been the basis for all editions of Austen 's works after that .

The Chapman texts have remained the basis for all subsequent editions of Austen 's works .

Alexander M. Witherspoon , professor of English at Yale University , writes in a prefatory essay : Part II , which appeared in 1684 , is much more than a mere sequel to or repetition of the earlier volume .


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Question: In Jane Austen and the War of Ideas ( 1975 ) , perhaps the most important of these works , Marilyn Butler argues that Austen was greatly influenced by the principal moral and political arguments of her time , and that she had a partisan , firmly conservative and Christian position in these arguments .

In Jane Austen and the War of Ideas ( 1975 ) , perhaps the most important of these works , Marilyn Butler argues that Austen was steeped in , not insulated from , the principal moral and political controversies of her time , and espoused a partisan , fundamentally conservative and Christian position in these controversies .

Behn 's story was adapted for the stage by Irish playwright Thomas Southerne , who stressed its sentimental aspects , and as time went on , it came to be seen as addressing the issues of slavery and colonialism , remaining very popular throughout the 18th century .


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Question: Lady Anne Romilly told her friend , the writer Maria Edgeworth , that '' ( Mansfield Park ) has been pretty generally admired here '' . Edgeworth later said that `` we have been much entertained with Mansfield Park '' .

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Lady Anne Romilly told her friend , the novelist Maria Edgeworth , that '' ( Mansfield Park ) has been pretty generally admired here '' and Edgeworth commented later that `` we have been much entertained with Mansfield Park '' .

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After reading Pride and Prejudice , playwright Richard Sheridan advised a friend to '' ( b ) uy it immediately '' for it `` was one of the cleverest things '' he had ever read .


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Question: Therefore , their book offers only facts . It does not offer much interpretation .

Their book therefore offers bare facts and little in the way of interpretation .

However , there 's no standard on how this should be achieved .


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Question: When it was well done , as Austen 's works were , Whately said that novels wrote about human experience that the reader could learn from . In other words , he believed that it was moral .

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When it was properly done , as in Austen , Whately said , imaginative literature concerned itself with generalised human experience from which the reader could gain important insights into human nature ; in other words , it was moral .

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As Cossy and Saglia explain in their essay on Austen translations , `` the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied and gender distinction introduced '' .


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Question: The great changes made by her translators made the Continent receive Austen differently than in Britain .

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Because of the significant changes made by her translators , Austen was received as a different kind of novelist on the Continent than in Britain .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The show followed the lives of a group of teenagers living in the upscale , star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California and attending the fictitious West Beverly High School and , subsequently , the fictitious California University after graduation .']>>  to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The show followed the lives of a group of teenagers living in the upscale , star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California and attending the fictitious West Beverly Hills High School and then-fictitious California University .']"

While most of them produced significant texts , none of the texts has survived in complete form .


Question: When it came out in print , Austen 's popularity and critical standing increased greatly .

With its release , Austen 's popularity and critical standing increased dramatically .

Bly 's early collection of poems , Silence in the Snowy Fields , was published in 1962 , and its plain , imagistic style had considerable influence on American verse of the next two decades .


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Question: Using the review as a way to praise the novel , Scott praised Austen 's works . He praised her ability to copy `` from nature as she really exists in the common walks of life , and presenting to the correct and striking representation of that which is daily ( every day ) taking place around him '' .

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Using the review as a platform from which to defend the then disreputable genre of the novel , Scott praised Austen 's works , celebrating her ability to copy `` from nature as she really exists in the common walks of life , and presenting to the correct and striking representation of that which is daily taking place around him '' .

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This short biography sowed the seeds for the myth of Austen as a quiet , retiring aunt who wrote during her spare time : `` Neither the hope of fame nor profit mixed with her early motives ... ( S ) o much did she shrink from notoriety , that no accumulation of fame would have induced her , had she lived , to affix her name to any productions of her public she turned away from any allusion to the character of an authoress . ''


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Question: Through his essays , Howells helped make Austen much more popular . Twain , however , used Austen to argue against the Anglophile tradition in America .

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In a series of essays , Howells helped make Austen into a canonical figure for the populace whereas Twain used Austen to argue against the Anglophile tradition in America .


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Question: Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published together in December 1817 . They were reviewed in the British Critic in March 1818 and in the Edinburgh Review and Literary Miscellany in May 1818 .

Northanger Abbey and Persuasion , published together posthumously in December 1817 , were reviewed in the British Critic in March 1818 and in the Edinburgh Review and Literary Miscellany in May 1818 .

Despite these positive reactions from the elite , Austen 's novels received relatively few reviews during her lifetime : two for Sense and Sensibility , three for Pride and Prejudice , none for Mansfield Park , and seven for Emma .


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Question: In the last year of her life , Austen revised Northanger Abbey ( 1817 ) and wrote Persuasion ( 1817 ) . She also began another novel , which was later titled Sanditon .

In the last year of her life , Austen revised Northanger Abbey ( 1817 ) , wrote Persuasion ( 1817 ) , and began another novel , eventually titled Sanditon , which was left unfinished at her death .

Only some personal and family letters remain ( by one estimate only 160 out of Austen 's 3,000 letters are extant ) , and her sister Cassandra ( to whom most of the letters were originally addressed ) burned `` the greater part '' of the ones she kept and censored those she did not destroy .


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Question: This kind of criticism was not fully developed until the 1970s . This was when feminist literary criticism began .

This line of criticism would not be fully explored until the 1970s with the rise of feminist literary criticism .

These developments â '' re-evaluation of the entire Western value system ( love , marriage , popular culture , shift from industrial to service economy ) that took place since the 1950s and 1960s , with a peak in the Social Revolution of 1968 â '' are described with the term Postmodernity , as opposed to Postmodernism , a term referring to an opinion or movement .


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Question: Victorian critics and audiences liked the work of writers like Charles Dickens and George Eliot . Compared to them , Austen 's works seemed narrow and quiet .

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Victorian critics and audiences were drawn to the work of authors such as Charles Dickens and George Eliot ; by comparison , Austen 's novels seemed provincial and quiet .

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Janeitism did not begin until after the publication of J. E. Austen-Leigh 's A Memoir of Jane Austen in 1870 , when the literary elite felt that they had to separate their appreciation of Austen from that of the masses .


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Question: The Dowager Lady Vernon told a friend that Mansfield Park was '' ( n ) ot much of a novel , more the history of a family party in the country , very natural '' .

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The Dowager Lady Vernon told a friend that Mansfield Park was '' ( n ) ot much of a novel , more the history of a family party in the country , very natural '' â '' as if , comments one Austen scholar , `` Lady Vernon 's parties mostly featured adultery . ''

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Question: He argued that imaginative literature , especially narrative , was very valuable . He even said they were more important than history or biography .

He also affirmed the respectability and legitimacy of the novel as a genre , arguing that imaginative literature , especially narrative , was more valuable than history or biography .

According to these two historians , his understanding of basic human rights and the way he linked them to civil liberties were extremely primitive and selective .


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Question: In 1890 Godwin Smith printed the Life of Jane Austen . This began a `` fresh phase in the critical heritage '' .

In 1890 Godwin Smith published the Life of Jane Austen , initiating a `` fresh phase in the critical heritage '' , in which Austen reviewers became critics .

The extract from the letter that the magazine printed was the only writing of Anning 's published in the scientific literature during her lifetime .


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Question: In the late twentieth century , fans made Jane Austen societies and clubs . They praised Austen , her time , and her works .

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In the late 20th century , fans founded Jane Austen societies and clubs to celebrate the author , her time , and her works .

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Like Bradley earlier , she emphasised Austen 's connection to Samuel Johnson and her desire to discuss morality through fiction .


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Question: Jane Austen , the writer of such works as Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) and Emma ( 1815 ) , has become one of the most famous novelists in the English language .

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Jane Austen , the author of such works as Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) and Emma ( 1815 ) , has become one of the best-known and widely read novelists in the English language .

Morris Gleitzman ( born 9 January 1953 ) is an English-born Australian writer . He is one of Australia 's most successful writers .


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Question: Farrer was one of the first critics who saw Austen as a subversive writer .

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Farrer was one of the first critics who viewed Austen as a subversive writer .

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Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language , and is less well known for his poetry .


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Question: Kirkham , for example , said that Austen 's thought and that of Mary Wollstonecraft were quite similar . She called them both `` Enlightenment feminists '' .

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Kirkham , for example , described the similarities between Austen 's thought and that of Mary Wollstonecraft , labeling them both as `` Enlightenment feminists '' .

D. W. Harding , following and expanding upon Farrer , argued in his essay `` Regulated Hatred : An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen '' that Austen 's novels did not support the status quo but rather subverted it .


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Question: Bradley separated Austen 's works into `` early '' and `` late '' novels . Scholars still separate Austen 's works as Bradley did today .

Bradley divided Austen 's works into `` early '' and `` late '' novels , categories which are still used by scholars today .

Kirkham , for example , described the similarities between Austen 's thought and that of Mary Wollstonecraft , labeling them both as `` Enlightenment feminists '' .


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Question: She says this is because they are `` unwilling to speak , unless ( they ) expect to say something that will amaze ( surprise ) the whole room '' . However , this becomes `` Moi , je garde le silence , parce que je ne sais que dire , et vous , parce que vous aiguisez vos traits pour parler avec effet . ''

Elizabeth 's claim that she has `` always seen a great similarity in the turn of ( their ) minds '' ( her and Darcy 's ) because they are `` unwilling to speak , unless ( they ) expect to say something that will amaze the whole room '' becomes `` Moi , je garde le silence , parce que je ne sais que dire , et vous , parce que vous aiguisez vos traits pour parler avec effet . ''

The writer Marianne EhrenstrÃ m called her the delightful darling of the audience , and describes her as gracious as a nymph ; `` une taille de nymphe , pÃ trie de graces , Terpsicore soulovÃ e par les Zephirs '' .


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Question: In 1870 , her nephew published Memoir of Jane Austen . This showed her to a wider public as `` dear , quiet aunt Jane '' .

The publication in 1870 of her nephew 's Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public as an appealing personalityâ '' dear , quiet aunt Janeâ '' and her works were republished in popular editions .

The Dowager Lady Vernon told a friend that Mansfield Park was '' ( n ) ot much of a novel , more the history of a family party in the country , very natural '' â '' as if , comments one Austen scholar , `` Lady Vernon 's parties mostly featured adultery . ''


Question:
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Question: Lascelles was interested in Austen 's connection to Samuel Johnson and her desire to discuss morality through fiction . In this she was much like Bradley before her .

Like Bradley earlier , she emphasised Austen 's connection to Samuel Johnson and her desire to discuss morality through fiction .


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Question: He said that she was a writer of great concentration and a sharp critic of her society . He called her `` radiant and remorseless '' , `` dispassionate yet pitiless '' , with `` the steely quality , the incurable rigor of her judgment '' .

Farrer denied that Austen 's artistry was unconscious ( contradicting James ) and described her as a writer of intense concentration and a severe critic of her society , `` radiant and remorseless '' , `` dispassionate yet pitiless '' , with `` the steely quality , the incurable rigor of her judgment '' .

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In 1905 , James responded frustratingly to what he described as `` a beguiled infatuation '' with Austen , a rising tide of public interest that exceeded Austen 's `` intrinsic merit and interest '' .


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Question: Austen scholars have pointed out that these early reviewers did not know what to make of her works . For example , they wrongly understood her use of irony .

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Overall , Austen scholars have pointed out that these early reviewers did not know what to make of her novelsâ '' for example , they misunderstood her use of irony .

Like the writings of Samuel Johnson , a strong influence on her , her works are fundamentally concerned with moral issues .


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Question: Early in the twentieth century , scholars made a collection of her works ( the first for any British novelist ) . But it was not until the 1940s that Austen was widely accepted as a `` great English novelist '' .

Early in the 20th century , scholars produced a carefully edited collection of her worksâ '' the first for any British novelistâ '' but it was not until the 1940s that Austen was widely accepted in academia as a `` great English novelist '' .

It was not until J. F. Mozley published John Foxe and His Book in 1940 that Foxe 's rehabilitation as a historian began , initiating a controversy that has continued to that present . Recently , renewed interest in Foxe as a seminal figure in early modern studies created a demand for a new critical edition of the Actes and Monuments , Foxe 's Book of Martyrs Variorum Edition .


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Question: In Montolieu 's Pride and Prejudice , liveliness conversations ( talks ) between Elizabeth and Darcy were replaced by calm , proper ones .

In Montolieu 's Pride and Prejudice , for example , vivacious conversations between Elizabeth and Darcy were replaced by decorous ones .

Eventually , though , her novels ' authorship became an open secret among the aristocracy .


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Question: Bradley pointed out Austen 's ties to eighteenth-century critic and writer Samuel Johnson . He argued that she was a moralist as well as a humorist .

Bradley emphasised Austen 's ties to 18th-century critic and writer Samuel Johnson , arguing that she was a moralist as well as humorist ; in this he was `` totally original '' , according to Southam .

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Question: This work , together with other feminist criticism of Austen , has made people see her as a woman writer .

This work , along with other feminist criticism of Austen , has firmly positioned Austen as a woman writer .

For all these classics he wrote extensive commentaries that were not widely recognized in his time ; however , they later became accepted as their standard commentaries .


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Question: He began two interpretative themes : using humor to criticize society and irony as a means of moral study .

He introduced two interpretative themes which later became the basis for modern literary criticism of Austen 's works : humor as social critique and irony as a means of moral evaluation .

Many skeptics critically examine the meaning systems of their times , and this examination often results in a position of ambiguity or doubt .


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Question: She was also concerned with moral problems , like Samuel Johnson , who strongly influenced her .

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Like the writings of Samuel Johnson , a strong influence on her , her works are fundamentally concerned with moral issues .

As Cossy and Saglia explain in their essay on Austen translations , `` the equality of mind which Elizabeth takes for granted is denied and gender distinction introduced '' .


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Question: After Bradley and Chapman , Austen scholarship grew very quickly in the 1920s . British writer E. M. Forster pointed out Austen 's works for his idea of the `` round '' character .

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In the wake of Bradley and Chapman 's contributions , the 1920s saw a boom in Austen scholarship ; British novelist E. M. Forster primarily illustrated his concept of the `` round '' character by citing Austen 's works .

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Question: In the last part of the nineteenth century , the first critical books about Austen 's works were printed .

During the last quarter of the 19th century , the first books of critical analysis regarding Austen 's works were published .

Her works published between 1946 and 1971 introduced new views by combining traditional spadework with linguistics and mythological interpretation , but earned a mixed reception by other professionals .


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Question: Scott wrote in his private journal in 1826 about Austen . This later became a widely quoted comparison :

Scott wrote in his private journal in 1826 , in what later became a widely quoted comparison :

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Potter embraced the suggestion , and , borrowing her complete correspondence ( which had been carefully preserved by the Moore children ) , selected a letter written on 4 September 1893 to five-year-old Noel that featured a tale about a rabbit named Peter .


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Question: The interest these critics showed in Austen made people discover and study other women writers in Austen 's time .

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The interest generated in Austen by these critics led to the discovery and study of other woman writers of the time .

As Rajeswari Rajan notes in her essay on recent Austen scholarship , `` the idea of a political Austen is no longer seriously challenged '' .


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Question: James said that this was mostly because of the `` stiff breeze of the special bookselling body of publishers , editors , illustrators , producers of the pleasant twaddle of magazines ; who have found their ` dear , ' our dear , everybody 's dear , their material pretty reproduction in every variety of what is called tasteful , and in what seemingly proves to be salable , form . ''

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James attributed this rise principally to `` the stiff breeze of the special bookselling body of publishers , editors , illustrators , producers of the pleasant twaddle of magazines ; who have found their ` dear , ' our dear , everybody 's dear , Jane so infinitely to their material purpose , so amenable to pretty reproduction in every variety of what is called tasteful , and in what seemingly proves to be salable , form . ''

The Big Bow-wow strain I can do myself like any now going , but the exquisite touch which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting from the truth of the description and the sentiment is denied to me .


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Question: The reviewer for the Edinburgh Review thought differently . He praised Austen for her `` exhaustless invention '' .

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The reviewer for the Edinburgh Review disagreed , praising Austen for her `` exhaustless invention '' and the combination of the familiar and the surprising in her plots .

We see the novels praised for their elegance of form and their surface ` finish ' ; for the realism of their fictional world , the variety and vitality of their characters ; for their pervasive humor ; and for their gentle and undogmatic morality and its unsermonising delivery .


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Question: Writer and critic Leslie Stephen described a mania for Austen that grew in the 1880s as `` Austenolatry '' . It was only after the the Memoir was printed that readers grew to like Austen as a person .

Author and critic Leslie Stephen described a mania that started to develop for Austen in the 1880s as `` Austenolatry '' â '' it was only after the publication of the Memoir that readers developed a personal connection with Austen .

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She commented that the novel `` is the most probable fiction I have ever read '' and had become `` at present the fashionable novel '' .


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Question: Whately also addressed Austen 's position as a female writer . He wrote : `` we suspect one of Miss Austin 's ( sic ) great merits in our eyes to be , the insight she gives us into the peculiarities of female heroines are what one knows women must be , though one never can get them to acknowledge ( admit ) it . ''

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Whately also addressed Austen 's position as a female writer , writing : `` we suspect one of Miss Austin 's ( sic ) great merits in our eyes to be , the insight she gives us into the peculiarities of female heroines are what one knows women must be , though one never can get them to acknowledge it . ''

Samuel Johnson said that `` this is the great merit of the book , that the most cultivated man can not find anything to praise more highly , and the child knows nothing more amusing . ''


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Question: As Susan Gubar and Sandra Gilbert explain , Austen laughed at `` love at first sight , the primacy ( first importance ) of passion over all other emotions and\/or duties , the chivalry exploit of the hero , the vulnerable sensitivity of the heroine , the lovers ' proclaimed ( declared ) indifference to financial considerations , and the cruel crudity of parents '' .

As Susan Gubar and Sandra Gilbert explain , Austen makes fun of `` such novelistic clichÃ s as love at first sight , the primacy of passion over all other emotions and\/or duties , the chivalric exploits of the hero , the vulnerable sensitivity of the heroine , the lovers ' proclaimed indifference to financial considerations , and the cruel crudity of parents '' .

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Holz also argues that Perry 's message carries with it `` no need to worry about who might get used or objectified in the process '' , causing Perry to live `` down to a damaging , demeaning stereotype '' .


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Question: We see the novels praised for their elegance of form and their surface ` finish ' ; for the realism of their fictional world , the variety and vitality ( strength ) of their characters ; for their pervasive humor ; and for their gentle and undogmatic morality and its unsermonising delivery .

We see the novels praised for their elegance of form and their surface ` finish ' ; for the realism of their fictional world , the variety and vitality of their characters ; for their pervasive humor ; and for their gentle and undogmatic morality and its unsermonising delivery .

Farrer denied that Austen 's artistry was unconscious ( contradicting James ) and described her as a writer of intense concentration and a severe critic of her society , `` radiant and remorseless '' , `` dispassionate yet pitiless '' , with `` the steely quality , the incurable rigor of her judgment '' .


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Question: Austenâ s works were translated into various European languages . However , Europeans did not see her works as part of the English novel tradition .

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Despite the fact that Austenâ s novels were translated into many European languages , Europeans did not recognize her works as part of the English novel tradition .

Behn 's story was adapted for the stage by Irish playwright Thomas Southerne , who stressed its sentimental aspects , and as time went on , it came to be seen as addressing the issues of slavery and colonialism , remaining very popular throughout the 18th century .


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Question: Brian Southam writes about these reviewers : `` their job was merely to provide brief ( short ) notices , extended with quotations , for the benefit ( good ) of women readers compiling their library lists and interested only in knowing whether they would like a book for its story , its characters and moral '' .

Moreover , as Brian Southam , who has edited the definitive volumes on Austen 's reception , writes in his description of these reviewers , `` their job was merely to provide brief notices , extended with quotations , for the benefit of women readers compiling their library lists and interested only in knowing whether they would like a book for its story , its characters and moral '' .

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In `` The Novels of Jane Austen '' , published anonymously in Blackwood 's Magazine in 1859 , Lewes praised Austen 's novels for `` the economy of easy adaptation of means to ends , with no aid from superfluous elements '' and compared her to Shakespeare .


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Question: Harding 's and Leavis 's articles were followed by Jane Austen : Irony as Defense and Discovery ( 1952 ) .

Harding 's and Leavis 's articles were followed by another revisionist treatment by Marvin Mudrick in Jane Austen : Irony as Defense and Discovery ( 1952 ) .

The Author 's Farce and the Pleasures of the Town was written during 1729 .


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Question: Modern Austen scholar William Galperin has noted that `` unlike some of Austen 's lay readers , who recognized her divergence ( difference ) from realistic practice as it had been prescribed and defined at the time , Walter Scott may well have been the first to install Austen as the realist par excellence '' .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The purchase of the amusement park portion of the Cypress Gardens property was part of a larger conservation transaction .']" should be close to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The purchase of the amusement park portion of the Cypress Gardens property was part of a larger conservation agreement .']"

Modern Austen scholar William Galperin has noted that `` unlike some of Austen 's lay readers , who recognized her divergence from realistic practice as it had been prescribed and defined at the time , Walter Scott may well have been the first to install Austen as the realist par excellence '' .

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"['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In 1970 , the BDC evolution received fuel injection for the first time .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 1970 , the BDC version received fuel injection .']"

Generating heated debate , Edward Said devoted a chapter of his book Culture and Imperialism ( 1993 ) to Mansfield Park , arguing that the peripheral position of `` Antigua '' and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of English society during the early 19th century .


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Question: In time , though , her writing became an open secret among the aristocracy .

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Eventually , though , her novels ' authorship became an open secret among the aristocracy .

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By this time , he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation .


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Question: Austen was not well known in Russia . The first Russian translation of an Austen novel did not appear until 1967 .

Austen was not well known in Russia and the first Russian translation of an Austen novel did not appear until 1967 .

With the release of Sense and Sensibility ( 1811 ) , Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) , Mansfield Park ( 1814 ) and Emma ( 1815 ) , she achieved success as a published writer .


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Question: Generating heated debate , Edward Said devoted a chapter of his book Culture and Imperialism ( 1993 ) to Mansfield Park , arguing that the peripheral position of `` Antigua '' and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of English society during the early nineteenth century .

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Generating heated debate , Edward Said devoted a chapter of his book Culture and Imperialism ( 1993 ) to Mansfield Park , arguing that the peripheral position of `` Antigua '' and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of English society during the early 19th century .

Modern Austen scholar William Galperin has noted that `` unlike some of Austen 's lay readers , who recognized her divergence from realistic practice as it had been prescribed and defined at the time , Walter Scott may well have been the first to install Austen as the realist par excellence '' .


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Examples:
'['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'By studying living termites MÃ 1\\/4 ller was able to correct many errors to be found in text-books .']' == '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'By studying living termites MÃ 1\\/4 ller was able to correct many errors to be found in textbooks .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In 1939 , MÃ 1\\/4 ller published a study report in a reputed cancer journal in Germany which claimed that prevalence of lung cancer was higher among smokers .']'

Question: In one of her visits to London , the Prince Regent invited her to his home .

During one of her visits to London , the Prince Regent invited her to his home ; his librarian gave her a tour and mentioned that the Regent admired her novels and that `` if Miss Austen had any other Novel forthcoming , she was quite at liberty to dedicate it to the Prince '' .

He became well known in London society after he went to live at the London Hospital .


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Question: Pride and Prejudice was enjoyed by Richard Sheridan , a person who wrote plays . He told a friend to '' ( b ) uy it immediately '' for it `` was one of the cleverest things '' he had ever read .

After reading Pride and Prejudice , playwright Richard Sheridan advised a friend to '' ( b ) uy it immediately '' for it `` was one of the cleverest things '' he had ever read .

Lady Anne Romilly told her friend , the novelist Maria Edgeworth , that '' ( Mansfield Park ) has been pretty generally admired here '' and Edgeworth commented later that `` we have been much entertained with Mansfield Park '' .


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Question: George Henry Lewes was a philosopher and literary critic . He spoke about this theme in a series of articles in the 1840s and 1850s .

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Philosopher and literary critic George Henry Lewes articulated this theme in a series of enthusiastic articles in the 1840s and 1850s .

Other lectures grew into Huxley 's most famous work Evidence as to Man 's place in Nature ( 1863 ) where he addressed the key issues long before Charles Darwin published his Descent of Man in 1871 .


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Question: Austen 's stories , though comic , focus on the way women depend on marriage to secure social standing and economic security .

Austen 's plots , though comic , highlight the way women depend on marriage to secure social standing and economic security .

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Question: Most people still thought of her as `` dear aunt Jane '' , the way she was first presented in the Memoir . Howells had made this picture of Austen famous by his essays in the Harper 's Magazine .

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The image of her that dominated the popular imagination was still that first presented in the Memoir and made famous by Howells in his series of essays in Harper 's Magazine , that of `` dear aunt Jane '' .

It was used to signify those who appreciated Austen in the `` wrong '' way and the term , according to Lynch , is `` now used almost exclusively about and against other people '' ( emphasis in original ) .


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Question: The Big Bow-wow strain I can do myself like any now going , but the exquisite touch which renders ( makes ) ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting from the truth of the description and the sentiment is denied to me .

The Big Bow-wow strain I can do myself like any now going , but the exquisite touch which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting from the truth of the description and the sentiment is denied to me .

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James attributed this rise principally to `` the stiff breeze of the special bookselling body of publishers , editors , illustrators , producers of the pleasant twaddle of magazines ; who have found their ` dear , ' our dear , everybody 's dear , Jane so infinitely to their material purpose , so amenable to pretty reproduction in every variety of what is called tasteful , and in what seemingly proves to be salable , form . ''


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Question: Margaret Oliphant was another important writer whose criticism of Austen did not have much influence . She described Austen as `` armed with a ` fine vein of feminine cynicism , ' ` full of subtle power , keenness , finesse , and self-restraint ( control ) , ' with an ` exquisite sense ' of the ` ridiculous , ' ' a fine stinging yet soft-voiced contempt , ' whose works are very ` calm and cold and keen ' '' .

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Another prominent writer whose Austen criticism was ignored , novelist Margaret Oliphant , described Austen in almost proto-feminist terms , as `` armed with a ` fine vein of feminine cynicism , ' ` full of subtle power , keenness , finesse , and self-restraint , ' blessed with an ` exquisite sense ' of the ` ridiculous , ' ' a fine stinging yet soft-voiced contempt , ' whose novels are ` so calm and cold and keen ' '' .

We see the novels praised for their elegance of form and their surface ` finish ' ; for the realism of their fictional world , the variety and vitality of their characters ; for their pervasive humor ; and for their gentle and undogmatic morality and its unsermonising delivery .


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Question: The EncyclopÃ dia Britannica 's changed the way they described Austen as she became more and more popular .

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The EncyclopÃ dia Britannica 's changing entries on Austen illustrate her increasing popularity and status .

Sinclair 's works had been accepted by and were widely read in the USSR , and were known to Eisenstein .


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Question: She wished to study all of Austen 's works , style , and techniques together .

She wished to examine all of Austen 's works together and to subject her style and techniques to methodical analysis .

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These issues profoundly influenced his thoughts , behavior , and writing .


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Question: He was asked by publisher John Murray to review Emma . Emma had come out in print ( without saying who the writer was ) in the March 1816 issue of the Quarterly Review .

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Asked by publisher John Murray to review Emma , famed historical novelist Walter Scott wrote the longest and most thoughtful of these reviews , which was published anonymously in the March 1816 issue of the Quarterly Review .

Austen did not have time to see Northanger Abbey or Persuasion through the press , but her family published them as one volume after her death and her brother Henry included a `` Biographical Notice of the Author '' .


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Fewshots:
'['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Dante was put in exile for two years , and ordered to pay a large hill of money .']' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Dante was condemned to exile for two years and ordered to pay a large fine .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The two are Basilio and the notary and Basilio is given the choice of accepting a bribe and being a witness or receiving two bullets in the head ( an easy choice , he says ) .']'

Question: The authors moved away from the sentimental tone of the Memoir . However , they did not go much beyond the family records and traditions they always had .

Although the authors moved away from the sentimental tone of the Memoir , they made little effort to go beyond the family records and traditions immediately available to them .

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They most often focused on the moral lessons of the novels .


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Question: Austen was not democratic enough for Americans . Also , her books did not have the frontier themes that often came out in American literature .

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Austen was not democratic enough for American tastes and her canvas did not explore the frontier themes that had come to define American literature .

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At both colleges , she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice , a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time .


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Question: He continued Lewes 's comparison to Shakespeare , and wrote that Austen :

Continuing Lewes 's comparison to Shakespeare , Simpson wrote that Austen :

Its empirical standards applied in one of the first and certainly strongest homes for serious textual criticism .


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Question: Therefore , European readers more often thought of Walter Scott 's style as the English novel .

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European readers therefore more readily associated Walter Scott 's style with the English novel .

Eventually , though , her novels ' authorship became an open secret among the aristocracy .


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Question: When Sense and Sensibility ( 1811 ) , Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) , Mansfield Park ( 1814 ) and Emma ( 1815 ) came out in print , she became a successful writer .

With the release of Sense and Sensibility ( 1811 ) , Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) , Mansfield Park ( 1814 ) and Emma ( 1815 ) , she achieved success as a published writer .

Austen was not well known in Russia and the first Russian translation of an Austen novel did not appear until 1967 .


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Question: No better criticism of Austen was put in print until the late nineteenth century . Whately and Scott had begun the Victorian era 's view of Austen .

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No more significant , original Austen criticism was published until the late 19th century : Whately and Scott had set the tone for the Victorian era 's view of Austen .

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E.g. ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Later the Pretoria Minute represented another step towards resolution where agreements at Groote Schuur were reconsolidated and steps towards setting up an interim government and drafting a new constitution were established as well as suspension of the military wing of the ANC â `` the Umkhonto we Sizwe .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Later the Pretoria Minute was another step towards resolution where agreements at Groote Schuur were reconsolidated and steps towards setting up an interim government and drafting a new constitution were established as well as suspension of the military wing of the ANC â `` the Umkhonto we Sizwe .']

Like the writings of Samuel Johnson , a strong influence on her , her works are fundamentally concerned with moral issues .


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Question: At the time they were published , Austen 's works were thought fashionable by members of high society . However , they received only a few good reviews .

At the time they were published , Austen 's works were considered fashionable by members of high society but received few positive reviews .

Behn 's story was adapted for the stage by Irish playwright Thomas Southerne , who stressed its sentimental aspects , and as time went on , it came to be seen as addressing the issues of slavery and colonialism , remaining very popular throughout the 18th century .


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Question: D. W. Harding , adding to Farrer , wrote an essay called `` Regulated Hatred : An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen '' .

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D. W. Harding , following and expanding upon Farrer , argued in his essay `` Regulated Hatred : An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen '' that Austen 's novels did not support the status quo but rather subverted it .

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At school he wrote an essay on Ulysses entitled `` My Favourite Hero '' .


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Question: Austen 's books quickly became fashionable . Aristocrats who liked to set the fashion and taste of the day especially liked them .

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Austen 's novels quickly became fashionable among opinion-makers , namely , those aristocrats who often dictated fashion and taste .

The Dowager Lady Vernon told a friend that Mansfield Park was '' ( n ) ot much of a novel , more the history of a family party in the country , very natural '' â '' as if , comments one Austen scholar , `` Lady Vernon 's parties mostly featured adultery . ''


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Question: In the 1970s and 1980s , Austen studies was influenced by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar 's The Madwoman in the Attic ( 1979 ) . The Madwoman in the Attic explores the `` explosive anger '' of nineteenth-century female English writers under their `` decorous ( proper ) surfaces '' .

In the 1970s and 1980s , Austen studies was influenced by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar 's seminal The Madwoman in the Attic ( 1979 ) , which contrasts the `` decorous surfaces '' with the `` explosive anger '' of 19th-century female English writers .

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Generating heated debate , Edward Said devoted a chapter of his book Culture and Imperialism ( 1993 ) to Mansfield Park , arguing that the peripheral position of `` Antigua '' and the issue of slavery demonstrated that colonial oppression was an unspoken assumption of English society during the early 19th century .


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Question: Reviewers thought Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice were stories of virtue overcoming vice .

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Reviewers reduced Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice to didactic tales of virtue prevailing over vice .


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Question: The 15-year-old daughter of the Prince Regent , Princess Charlotte Augusta , compared herself to Marianne Dashwood . She remarked , `` I think Marianne & me are very like in disposition , that certainly I am not so good , the same imprudence , & tc '' .

The fifteen-year-old daughter of the Prince Regent , Princess Charlotte Augusta , compared herself to one of the book 's heroines : `` I think Marianne & me are very like in disposition , that certainly I am not so good , the same imprudence , & tc '' .

Lady Bessborough , sister to the notorious Georgiana , Duchess of Devonshire , commented on Sense and Sensibility in a letter to a friend : `` it is a clever novel .


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Question: In 1870 the first important Austen biography , A Memoir of Jane Austen , was written by Jane Austen 's nephew , James Edward Austen-Leigh and printed .

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In 1870 , this changed with the publication of the first significant Austen biography , A Memoir of Jane Austen , which was written by Jane Austen 's nephew , James Edward Austen-Leigh .

Although it is commonly assumed now that the Rights of Woman was unfavourably received , this is a modern misconception based on the belief that Wollstonecraft was as reviled during her lifetime as she became after the publication of William Godwin 's Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman ( 1798 ) .


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Question: Austen was a professional writer .

However , this description is in direct contrast to the excitement Austen shows in her letters regarding publication and profit : Austen was a professional writer .

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At that time , Everett was a widely famed orator .


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Question: They began calling themselves Janeites . They wanted to show that they were different from the people who they thought did not understand Austen properly .

They referred to themselves as Janeites to distinguish themselves from the masses who , in their view , did not properly understand Austen .

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When she was caught taking a book before her mother read it , Olga would jokingly tell her mother that Alexandra must wait to read the novel until Olga had determined whether it was an appropriate book for her to read .


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Question: As Southam says , `` for American literary nationalists Jane Austen 's cultivated scene was too pale , too constrained , too refined , too downright unheroic '' .

As Southam explains , `` for American literary nationalists Jane Austen 's cultivated scene was too pallid , too constrained , too refined , too downright unheroic '' .


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Question: Henrietta Ponsonby , Countess of Bessborough wrote about Sense and Sensibility in a letter to a friend . She said : `` it is a clever novel .

Lady Bessborough , sister to the notorious Georgiana , Duchess of Devonshire , commented on Sense and Sensibility in a letter to a friend : `` it is a clever novel .

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