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Question: Around this time the orchestra changed its name to Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra , because the city had changed its name again , this time to `` Leningrad '' .

Around this time the orchestra was renamed the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra .

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She founded the Blagoveschenskaya ( Annunciation ) church there in 1724 , and changed the name of the settlement to Blagoveschenskoye , but this did not stand the test of time and quickly went out of use .


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Question: By the 1900s it had started to give public performances .

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By the 1900s it had started to give public performances at the Philharmonia and elsewhere .

Robinson 's interests began to shift toward the prospect of managing a major league team .


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Question: The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra is an orchestra based in Saint Petersburg in Russia . It is the oldest orchestra in Russia .

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The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra was formed in 1882 and is Russia 's oldest symphony orchestra .

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Frederick Stock founded the Civic Orchestra of Chicago , the first ( and only remaining ) training orchestra in the United States affiliated with a major symphony orchestra , in 1919 .


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Question: After the Russian Revolution the country no longer had a tsar . The town of Saint Petersburg changed its name to Petrograd , so the orchestra 's name changed to `` State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd '' .

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After the Russian Revolution the orchestra was taken over by its members , who changed the name to the `` State Philharmonic Orchestra of Petrograd '' .


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Question: In the 1920s the orchestra began to get money from the state . It was an excellent orchestra and was famous abroad .

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In the 1920s the orchestra began receiving support from the state , and began to be known internationally as an excellent orchestra .

Inspired by Beatle 's music , Grigoryan , while still in high school , started his musical career and in 1983 he formed `` Crematorium '' which gained a reputation throughout the former Soviet Union and begin to perform at concerts all over the country .


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Question: Guest conductors who conducted the orchestra included Bruno Walter , Ernest Ansermet and Hans Knappertsbusch at this time .

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Guest conductor appearances were made by Bruno Walter , Ernest Ansermet and Hans Knappertsbusch at this time .

On March 9 of that year he made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York , playing Richard Strauss 's Don Quixote under the baton of the composer .


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Question: Naomi Linnell was his partner in the last years of his life .

Naomi Linnell was his partner for the last twenty three years of his life .

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He lived in Brazil for the rest of his life .


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Question: He died in Broadstairs , near his home on the Kent coast , on 8 December 2008 .

Postgate died peacefully at a nursing home in Broadstairs , near his home on the Kent coast , on 8 December 2008 , aged 83 .

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He died of a heart attack on June 26 , 1964 at age 75 .


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Question: Oliver Postgate ( born Hendon , Middlesex , England , 12 April 1925 died Broadstairs , Kent , 8 December 2008 ) was an English animator , puppeteer and writer .

Oliver Postgate ( 12 April 1925 â `` 8 December 2008 ) was an English animator , puppeteer and writer .

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Bill Bailey ( born Mark Bailey 13 January 1964 , Bath , Somerset ) is an English stand-up comedian , musician and actor .


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Question: Postgate married Prudence Myers in 1957 , becoming stepfather to her three children The couple had twin boys in 1959 and another son in 1964 Prudence died in 1982 .

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Postgate married Prudence Myers in 1957 , becoming stepfather to her three children ( Kevan , Kerris and Krispian ) . The couple had twins in 1959 ( Stephen and Simon ) ; and another son in 1964 ( Daniel ) .

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Krause was married to Beth Bruce and they had a son , Jamen , born in 1996 . They later divorced in 2000 .


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Question: In 1987 the University of Kent at Canterbury awarded an honorary degree to Postgate . Postgate said that it should really be Bagpuss who got the degree .

In 1987 the University of Kent at Canterbury awarded an honorary degree to Postgate , who stated that the degree was really intended for Bagpuss , who was subsequently displayed in academic dress .

After 1696 he was normally referred to as `` Dr Turner '' , with Cambridge University having granted him an honourary degree during that year .


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Question: They include Pingwings , Pogles ' Wood , Noggin the Nog , Ivor the Engine , Clangers and Bagpuss . They were all made by Smallfilms , the company he set up with Peter Firmin .

Pingwings , Pogles ' Wood , Noggin the Nog , Ivor the Engine , Clangers and Bagpuss , were all made by Smallfilms , the company he set up with Peter Firmin , and were shown on the BBC between the 1950s and the 1980s , and on ITV from 1959 to the present day .

Gumbasia , a 3 minute 34 second short film produced in 1953 and released on September 2 , 1955 , was the first clay animation produced by Art Clokey , who went on to create the classic series Gumby and Davey and Goliath using the same technique .


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Question: Lungern is a municipality of the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland .

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Lungern is a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland .

Giswil is a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland .


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Question: Conway is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Conway is a city in Taylor County , Iowa , United States .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Andrew `` Andy '' Murray ( born 15 May 1987 ) is a Scottish professional tennis player .

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Andrew `` Andy '' Murray ( born 15 May 1987 ) is a Scottish professional tennis player and current British No. 1 .

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Patrick Hart `` Pat '' Cash ( born 27 May 1965 ) is a retired Australian professional tennis player who won the men 's singles title at Wimbledon in 1987 .


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Question: With help from Professor Frink , Homer is able to destroy the aliens ' spaceship , and Springfield and its people are returned to normal .

With help from Professor Frink , however , Homer is able to destroy the aliens ' spaceship , and Springfield and its inhabitants are returned to normal , for Springfield standards .

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As Gregor , Enola , Helen and the others land on the island and find past traces of civilization , including the skeletons of Enola 's parents , they begin to start civilization anew on the island , but the Mariner decides to leave .


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Question: The Simpsons Hit & Run is an action-adventure video game based on the animated sitcom ( comedy TV show ) The Simpsons .

The Simpsons Hit & Run is an action-adventure video game based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons .

Futurama : Bender 's Big Score is an Annie Award-winning direct-to-video film based on the animated series Futurama .


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Question: The game received mostly positive , or good reviews from video game critics .

The game received generally favorable reviews from video game critics .

The film was considered mostly a critical failure , receiving mostly negative reviews from movie critics ( although was a box office success ) .


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Question: More than three million copies of the game were sold as of June 2007 .

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As of June 2007 , over three million copies of the game were sold .

It was not released in the United States until April 1981 .


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Question: When the Simpsons themselves decide to find out what is going on , they find out that aliens Kang and Kodos are filming a reality television series about the city .

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When several of the citizens take matters into their own hands , they discover that two aliens Kang and Kodos are filming a reality television series about the populace .

That night , Springfield is hit with a massive blizzard and the school is closed , giving Bart one more day to study .


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Question: he game 's playable characters are Homer Simpson , Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , Marge Simpson , and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon .

The game 's playable characters are Homer Simpson , Bart Simpson , Lisa Simpson , Marge Simpson , and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon .

She is best known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons . Cartwright voices other characters for the show , including Nelson Muntz , Ralph Wiggum , Todd Flanders , Kearney and Database .


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Question: The game follows the Simpson family and the people who live in Springfield , who see many strange things that happen in their town .

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The game follows the Simpson family and the citizens of Springfield , who witness many strange incidents that occur in Springfield .

When several of the citizens take matters into their own hands , they discover that two aliens Kang and Kodos are filming a reality television series about the populace .


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Question: The player can only move , or control one certain character in each level .

The player can only control one specific character in each level .

In the game , a shooter may attempt to any on the table .


Question: The voices were supplied by The Simpsons TV show actual cast .

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The story and dialogue were crafted by writers from The Simpsons , with all character voices supplied by the actual cast .

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Sandra Kerr and John Faulkner provided the voices of Madeleine and Gabriel respectively , and put together and performed all the proper songs . All the other voices ( including the narrator and one out-of-tune mouse ) were provided by Oliver Postgate , who also wrote the stories .


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Question: Praise was given mostly on how much the game is was like the show and its funny take on the Grand Theft Auto III video game .

Praise focused on the interpretation of the Simpsons television series as a video game and its parodical take on the Grand Theft Auto III video game , while criticism mostly surrounded its gameplay .

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The game was named one of the NES best games ever by IGN , saying that the game offers greater diversity in graphics and gameplay than the original , making it a great bridge game between the other NES Mario titles . The game was ranked as the ninth worst game in the Mario game series by ScrewAttack ; they said that while it was a good game , it felt like a lie because they were n't playing the real Super Mario Bros. 2 .


Question: When walking , the playing character can walk , run , and perform many attacks : a normal kick , a jumping kick , and a smashing move .

When traveling by foot , the player character can walk , run , and perform several attacks : a normal kick , a jumping kick , and a smashing move .

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By season 5 , Gabrielle starts to fight with her sais , incorporating more acrobatic abilities , such as performing a wall run and back flip .


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Question: The game 's driving missions are also similar to those of Grand Theft Auto 3 .

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The game 's driving missions are also similar to those of Grand Theft Auto III .

It is a tactical first person shooter video game and the sequel to Tom Clancy 's Rainbow Six : Vegas .


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Question: The game was developed or made by Radical Entertainment and published or was put out to be sold by Vivendi Universal .

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The game was developed by Radical Entertainment and published by Vivendi Universal Games .

Xena : Warrior Princess : The Talisman of Fate is a fighting video game that was released on the Nintendo 64 , developed by Saffire and published by Titus Software , based on the television series .


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Question: In both games , the player races against other characters , gets items before a timer runs out , and wrecks other cars .

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In both games , the player races against other characters , collects items before a timer runs out , and wrecks other cars .

Sliding on ice makes Tux go faster , while sliding on snow allows for more maneuverability and sliding on rocky patches will slow Tux down . There are also trees to block Tux 's path and flags for sake of marking out the course .


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Question: To drive , the player can either drive one of the many vehicles that are on the road , a feature taken from Grand Theft Auto 3 , or use a phone booth to choose a car .

To drive , the player can either commandeer one of the vehicles that litter the road , a feature taken from Grand Theft Auto III , or use a phone booth to select a car .

Players can also pick up weapons such as poles and gatling guns , along with lootable items , money , and power-ups which can be found inside crates that are scattered all throughout the playing environment .


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Question: To make the show more interesting , the aliens release Buzz Cola , a soda that makes people go crazy , into Springfield 's water supply .

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To make the show more interesting , the aliens release a new version of the popular soft drink Buzz Cola that makes people go insane , into Springfield 's water supply .

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Examples:

"['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'In Spanish and in Portuguese , the word alma means spirit or soul .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In Spanish alma means spirit or soul .']"

Bugs traps Smoke in a trash can and uses a time machine ( which he borrowed from `` some coyote '' ) to see when and how Michael 's addiction was started . It was discovered that rather than wanting to get started on drugs , he was bullied into doing it by his `` friends '' .


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Question: It was released for the GameCube , Xbox , PlayStation 2 , and Windows in the United States on September 16 , 2003 and in Europe on October 31 , 2003 .

It was released for the GameCube , Xbox , PlayStation 2 , and Windows in North America on September 16 , 2003 , In Europe and Australia on October 31 , 2003 and in Japan on December 25 , 2003 .

PokÃ mon Black and White were released in Japan on September 18 , 2010 , in Europe on March 4 , 2011 , and in North America on March 6 , 2011 .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

E.g.
["represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\n\nThe query could be 'In cryptography , RC2 is a symmetric-key block cipher . Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1987 .' and should be close to 'In cryptography , RC2 is a block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987 .' but very far from 'In cryptography , Triple DES ( 3DES ) is the common name for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA or Triple DEA ) block cipher , which applies the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) cipher algorithm three times to each data block .'", 'Landsberg Prison is a prison located in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria . It is about 45 k west of Munich .'] == ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\n------\nE.g.:\nGod asks Satan his opinion on Job , apparently a truly pious man . == Satan asks if he can test Job and God lets him . God tells Satan not to kill Job .', 'Landsberg Prison is a penal facility located in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria , about 65 k west of Munich and 35 k south of Augsburg .'] != ['Represent the natural language', 'Bad Aibling is a spa town and former district seat in Bavaria ( Germany ) on the river Mangfall , located some 35 miles southeast of Munich .']

Question: Montigny-Lengrain is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Montigny-Lengrain is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

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Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: A centimetre ( the American spelling is centimeter ; symbol is cm ) is a unit of length in the SI measurement system .

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A centimetre ( American spelling : centimeter , symbol cm ) is a unit of length in the metric system , equal to one hundredth of a metre , which is the current SI base unit of length .

The metre ( or meter ) per second squared is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units ( SI ) .


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Question: The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the biggest reflecting pool in Washington , D.C. .

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The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool is the largest of the many reflecting pools in Washington , D.C. , U.S. .

The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington , D.C.


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Question: It is right next to the Lincoln Memorial . The reflecting pool is long and can be seen in many photographs of the Washington Monument .

It is a long and large rectangular pool located on the National Mall , directly east of the Lincoln Memorial , with the Washington Monument to the west .

The ladder is very popular with tourists , is lit at night and a timed run takes place there every year , with people coming from all over the world to take part .


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Question: There are paths and trees on both sides , and many people exercise around it .

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For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "She even began utilizing Stratus ' signature finishing moves as her own during matches ."]>>  to "['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words\n\n\nGiven Strychnine causes muscular convulsions . It leads to death through asphyxia or exhaustion ., a positive would be Strychnine causes muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia or sheer exhaustion . & a negative would be Substance D is instantly addictive , beginning with a pleasant euphoria which is quickly replaced with increasing confusion , hallucinations and eventually total psychosis .', "She even started using Stratus ' personal finishing moves as her own during matches ."]"

It is lined by walking paths and shade trees on both sides .

There are only few plains , and most of the area is hills .


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Question: In 1962 , Crosby became the first person ever to receive the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .

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In 1962 , Crosby was given the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award .

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Over the course of his career , he starred in many films widely considered classics and was nominated for five Academy Awards , winning one in competition and receiving one Lifetime Achievement award .


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Question: Pocahontas is a city of Iowa in the United States .

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Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'He is currently starring as Sam Axe in TV series Burn Notice on the USA Network .'], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'He is currently starring as Sam Axe in Burn Notice on the USA Network .']

Pocahontas is a city in Pocahontas County , Iowa , United States .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Rocks also ranked # 176 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and is also noted in musician Kurt Cobain 's top 50 favorite albums in his journals .

Rocks also ranked # 176 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .

Hazel has been featured on a number of lists of greatest guitarists of all time . He was 43 on the list of Rolling Stone magazine 's 100 Greatest Guitarists Of All Time and was ranked at 88 in a similar list by Uncut Magazine .


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Question: Also , it has greatly influenced several people in the hard rock and heavy metal community , including members of Guns N ' Roses and Metallica .

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Additionally , it has greatly influenced several people in the hard rock and heavy metal community , including members of Guns N ' Roses and Metallica .

The band returned for a tour in the United States and subsequently rejoined Guns N ' Roses in the summer of 1992 in Europe as part of the Use Your Illusion Tour along with fellow opening act Faith No More .


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Question: It has five games on it - Half-Life 2 , Half-Life 2 : Episode One ( an expansion of Half-Life 2 ) , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two ( another expansion of Half-Life 2 , Portal , and Team Fortress 2 . The first two were released outside of The Orange Box , but the other three first appeared in it .

The soundtrack for The Orange Box consists of music that Valve employees composed for Half-Life 2 : Episode One , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , Portal , and Team Fortress 2 .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', "Groundwater 's literary works have won multiple awards ."]>>  to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', "Groundwater 's writings have won several awards ."]"

On November 11 , the Left 4 Dead demo was made available to all Windows and Xbox 360 gamers worldwide . The Left 4 Dead demo was removed from the Xbox 360 Marketplace and Valve 's own Steam after the game 's release on November 18 , 2008 , however it is still available for those that played it .


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Question: It has five games on it - Half-Life 2 , Half-Life 2 : Episode One ( an expansion of Half-Life 2 ) , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two ( another expansion of Half-Life 2 , Portal , and Team Fortress 2 .

Two of the games included , Half-Life 2 and its first stand-alone expansion , Episode One , had previously been released as separate products . Three new games were also included in the compilation : the second stand-alone expansion , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , the puzzle game Portal , and Team Fortress 2 , the multiplayer game sequel to the Quake modification , Team Fortress .

The soundtrack for The Orange Box consists of music that Valve employees composed for Half-Life 2 : Episode One , Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , Portal , and Team Fortress 2 .


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Question: Under the Hookers , the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew rose to world renown .

Under the directorship of father and son Hooker , the Royal Botanical gardens of Kew rose to world renown .

Another notable event includes the one in the Brentham Garden Suburb , England which hosts it annually .


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Question: Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM GCSI CB MD FRS ( 30 June 1817 â `` 10 December 1911 ) was a British botanist and explorer of the 19th century .

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Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM , GCSI , CB , MD , FRS ( 30 June 1817 -- 10 December 1911 ) was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century .

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James Challis FRS ( 12 December 1803 â `` 3 December 1882 ) was an English clergyman , physicist and astronomer .


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Question: They had met once , before the Antarctic voyage started .

They had met once , before the Antarctic voyage embarked .

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It was fortuitous that one of these intervals happened to occur so soon after Charon 's discovery .


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Question: After spending 5 months in the Antarctic they returned to resupply in Hobart , then went on to Sydney , and New Zealand .

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After spending 5 months in the Antarctic they returned to resupply in Hobart , then went on to Sydney , and the Bay of Islands in New Zealand .

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Examples:

"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in 786 AD and was on completion the largest dome north of the Alps . On his death Charlemagne 's remains were interred in the cathedral and can be seen there to this date ."]" == "['Represent', 'Charlemagne ordered the building of a cathedral in 786 AD .']"

Gilbert then sailed for Sydney , in the middle of June 1840 took ship to Port Essington in the north of Australia , and in March 1841 sailed to Singapore calling at Timor on the way .


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Question: He sailed on the Erebus and was assistant to the ship 's surgeon , who was instructed to collect zoological and geological specimens .

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He sailed on the Erebus and was assistant to Robert McCormick , who in addition to being the ship 's Surgeon was instructed to collect zoological and geological specimens .

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Cook and his crew remained for almost 7 weeks and made contact with the local Guugu Yimithirr Aborigines , while the naturalists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander made extensive collections of native flora , while Sydney Parkinson illustrated much of the flora and fauna of the region .


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Question: He received three of its medals : the Royal Medal in 1854 , the Copley Medal in 1887 and the Darwin Medal in 1892 .

He received three of its medals : the Royal Medal in 1854 , the Copley in 1887 and the Darwin Medal in 1892 .

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Apart from the Nobel Prize , she was a recipient of the Order of Merit , a recipient of the Copley Medal , a Fellow of the Royal Society , The Lenin Peace Prize , and was Chancellor of Bristol University from 1970 to 1988 .


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Question: Hooker 's survey of hitherto unexplored regions , the Himalayan Journals was published in 1854 .

Hooker 's survey of hitherto unexplored regions , the Himalayan Journals , dedicated to Charles Darwin , was published by the Calcutta Trigonometrical Survey Office in 1854 , abbreviated again in 1855 and later by ( The Minerva Library of Famous Books ) Ward , Lock , Bowden & Co. , 1891 .

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The British Museum lost no time in publishing it : acquired in the summer of 1934 , it was in print in 1935 .


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Question: In 1855 he was appointed Assistant-Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens , Kew , and in 1865 he succeeded his father as Director , holding the post for twenty years .

In 1855 he was appointed Assistant-Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens , Kew , and in 1865 he succeeded his father as full Director , holding the post for twenty years .

Joseph Beete Jukes ( October 10 , 1811 -- July 29 , 1869 ) , born to John and Sophia Jukes at Summer Hill , Birmingham , England , was a renowned geologist , author of several geological manuals and served as a naturalist on the expeditions of HMS Fly ( under the command of Francis Price Blackwood ) .


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Question: They traveled north west along Nepal 's passes into Tibet .

They traveled to Zongri , west over the spurs of Kangchenjunga , and north west along Nepal 's passes into Tibet .

Heading some 80 k west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass , ( and 30 k further , the alternative Kilik Pass ) , which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or `` hanging passages '' to Gilgit and on , either to Kashmir , or to the Gandharan plains .


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Question: Hooker was one of the founders of geographical botany , and Charles Darwin 's closest friend .

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Hooker was a founder of geographical botany , and Charles Darwin 's closest friend .

By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles , one proponent being the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin , and the ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin 's theory .


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Question: At the age of thirty , Hooker was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society , and in 1873 he was chosen as its President ( until 1877 ) .

At the age of thirty , Hooker was elected a fellow of the Royal Society , and in 1873 he was chosen its President ( till 1877 ) .

After some 25 years of work , his Theory of the Earth ; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition , Dissolution , and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts , the first by his friend Joseph Black on 7 March 1785 , and the second by himself on 4 April 1785 .


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Question: Hooker was a close friend of Thomas Henry Huxley , a member of the X-Club ( which dominated the Royal Society in the 1870s and early 1880s ) , and the first of the three X-Clubbers in succession to become President of the Royal Society .

He was a close friend of Thomas Henry Huxley , a member of the X-Club ( which dominated the Royal Society in the 1870s and early 1880s ) , and the first of the three X-Clubbers in succession to become President of the Royal Society .

Others , such as the physiologist William Benjamin Carpenter and zoologist E. Ray Lankester became openly and publicly hostile to Wallace over the issue .


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Question: A British team was sent to negotiate : they were released without bloodshed .

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A British team was sent to negotiate with the king of Sikkim .

Adams was interned in March 1972 , on HMS Maidstone , but was released in June to take part in secret , but abortive talks in London .


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Question: Hooker returned to Darjeeling where he spent January and February 1850 writing his journals , replacing specimens lost during his detention and planning a journey for his last year in India .

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However , they were released without any bloodshed and Hooker returned to Darjeeling where he spent January and February 1850 writing his journals , replacing specimens lost during his detention and planning a journey for his last year in India .

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In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon rainforest , the plan being to cover expenses by sending specimens back to London .


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Question: In April 1849 he started on a longer expedition into Sikkim , but he was imprisoned by the Dewan of Sikkim when they were traveling towards Tibet .

In April 1849 he planned a longer expedition into Sikkim .

After the loss of the post at Tayoan , the Dutch East India Company made several attempts to recapture it , and even formed an alliance with the Qing Empire to battle Koxinga 's fleet .


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Question: At the historic debate on evolution held at the Oxford on 30 June 1860 , Bishop Samuel Wilberforce , Benjamin Brodie and Robert FitzRoy spoke against Darwin 's theory , and Hooker and Thomas Henry Huxley defended it .

At the historic debate on evolution held at the Oxford University Museum on 30 June 1860 , Bishop Samuel Wilberforce , Benjamin Brodie and Robert FitzRoy spoke against Darwin 's theory , and Hooker and Thomas Henry Huxley defended it .

Lyell 's books had widepread influence , not least on the up and coming young geologist Charles Darwin who read them with enthusiasm during his voyage on the Beagle , and has been described as Lyell 's first disciple .


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Question: On 11 January 1844 Darwin mentioned to Hooker his early ideas on the evolution and natural selection , and Hooker showed interest . .

On 11 January 1844 Darwin mentioned to Hooker his early ideas on the transmutation of species and natural selection , and Hooker showed interest .

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Her work on controlling elements and gene regulation was conceptually difficult and was not immediately understood or accepted by her contemporaries ; she described the reception of her research as `` puzzlement , even hostility '' .


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Question: Berthez is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Berthez is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Saint-Jean-d ` Illac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


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Question: Alexander County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina .

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Alexander County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina .

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Baker County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia .


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Question: Alexander County is part of the Western Piedmont Council of Governments .

Alexander County is a member of the regional Western Piedmont Council of Governments .

Bertie County is a member of the Mid-East Commission regional council of governments .


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In 2000 , the population was 33,603 .

As of 2000 , the population was 33,603 .

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The population of Hagerstown city proper , according to estimates conducted by the United States Census Bureau for a 12-month period ending 1 July 2008 , is 39,728 , and the total 2000 Urbanized Area population is 120,326 ( ~ 80,000 in MD ) .


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Question: Conanthera is a genus of 3-4 species of small Chilean bulbous plants with small panicles of blue , purple or white and purple flowers . The plant reproduces by offsets or seed .

Conanthera is a genus of 3-4 species small Chilean bulbous plants with small panicles of blue , purple or white and purple flowers Propagation is by offsets or seed .

They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 5-10 m tall ; many bear edible fruit .


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Question: Internazionale F.C. Torino is a former football club which played in Italy .

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Internazionale Football Club Torino commonly known as just Internazionale Torino was an Italian football club from Turin .

Calcio Como s.r.i. are an Italian football club , based in Como .


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Question: It was called BBC 7 when it started in 2002 and was later renamed BBC Radio 7 in 2008 .

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Provided: "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length\n\nFewshot example: "Ravenna ( ra ` ven : a ) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy ." == "Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy ."', 'There was little success initially competing with Motori Moderni until 1988 and then Cosworth engines , when Nigel Cowperthwaite joined the team , brought in by team manager Jaime Manca Graziadei .']" Match: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'They had little success competing with the Motori Moderni engine . In they started using the Cosworth engines .']"

On 4 October 2008 , BBC 7 was renamed BBC Radio 7 bringing it inline with other BBC Radio branding .

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The new brand debuted on Sci Fi Channel on June 13 , 2006 .


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Question: It plays comedy , drama , and children 's programs 24 hours a day . It was called BBC 7 when it started in 2002 and was later renamed BBC Radio 7 in 2008 .

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BBC Radio 4 Extra , formerly known as BBC 7 and BBC Radio 7 , is a British digital radio station broadcasting comedy , drama , and children 's programming nationally 24 hours a day .

After some months of test broadcasts , it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982 .


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Question: BBC Radio 4 Extra is a British digital radio station .

The station would then be renamed `` Radio 4 Extra '' .

DAB was launched to the public in late 2006 , and now contains eight RTÃ digital-only stations -- RTÃ 2XM , RTÃ Chill , RTÃ Choice , RTÃ Digital Radio News , RTÃ Gold , RTÃ Junior , RTÃ Pulse and RTÃ Radio 1 Extra -- as well as the four terrestrial services . RTÃ 's radio stations are also carried on digital cable and satellite platforms in Ireland , as well as on digital terrestrial television , and RTÃ Radio 1 has been carried on shortwave in DRM during specific events , including the All Ireland finals .


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Question: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious is an English word , with 34 letters , that was in the song with the same title in the Disney musical film Mary Poppins .

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Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious is an English word , with 34 letters , that was in the song with the same title in the 1964 Disney musical film Mary Poppins .

The band Smash Mouth recorded a cover of the Sherman Brothers song , `` I Wanna Be Like You '' ( originally from the 1967 musical film ) , which is featured on this film 's soundtrack .


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Question: An ushanka is a Russian fur cap with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown of the cap , or tied at the chin to protect the ears from the cold .

An ushanka ( Literally `` ear hat '' ) is a Russian fur cap with ear flaps that can be tied up to the crown of the cap , or tied at the chin to protect the ears , jaw and lower chin from the cold .

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A headband is a clothing accessory worn in the hair or around the forehead , usually to hold hair away from the face or eyes .


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Question: Pescia is a city located in a central zone between the cities Lucca and Florence , in Tuscany , Italy .

Pescia is an Italian city in the province of Pistoia , Tuscany , central Italy .

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Piombino is an Italian town and comune of circa 35,000 inhabitants in the province of Livorno ( Tuscany ) . It lies on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea , in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma .


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Question: FrÃ villers is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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FrÃ villers is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


Question: Shad Chad Javier Romane Chittick Gaspard ( born January 13 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York ) is a American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling for WWE and teaming with JTG which formed the tag team , Cryme Tyme .

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Shad Chad Javier Romane Chittick Gaspard ( born January 13 , 1981 ) is an American professional wrestler of Haitian and CuraÃ aon descent , currently signed with Inoki Genome Federation ( IGF ) . Born in Brooklyn , New York , he is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he once teamed with his partner JTG who is currently wrestling on the SmackDown brand where they worked as the tag team , Cryme Tyme .

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Brian Knighton ( born April 21 , 1971 ) is an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name , Axl Rotten .


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E.g. "['Represent the next text', 'Naushahro Feroze is town in Naushahro Feroze District , Sindh , Pakistan .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Naushahro Feroze ( Sindhi : Ù Ù Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù Ø Ù Ø ) , is town in Naushahro Feroze District , Sindh , Pakistan .']" != "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Sanghar is a city in Sanghar District , Sindh , Pakistan .']"

Question: Des Moines was started in 1843 where the Raccoon River and Des Moines River meet .

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The City of Des Moines traces its origins to May 1843 , when Captain James Allen supervised the construction of a fort on the site where the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers merge .

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Sac City is a city in Sac County , Iowa , United States , situated in the rolling hills along the valley of the North Raccoon River , in one of America 's prime agricultural regions .


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Question: Des Moines was started in 1843 where the Raccoon River and Des Moines River meet . Des Moines became the capital of Iowa in 1857 .

Des Moines takes its name from Fort Des Moines ( 1843 â `` 46 ) , which was named for the Des Moines River .

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Ankeny was founded by John Ankeny in 1875 and was incorporated on February 28 , 1903 .


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Question: Des Moines has many insurance companies in the city .

Many insurance companies are headquartered in Des Moines , including the Principal Financial Group , Marsh ( formerly KVI ) , EMC Insurance Group , Allied Insurance ( now part of Nationwide ) , AmerUs Group ( now part of Aviva ) , Holmes Murphy , and American Republic Insurance Company . Des Moines has been referred to as the `` Hartford of the West '' because of this .

As Phoenix is the state capital , many residents in the area are employed by the government .


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Question: Des Moines is the capital city of U.S. state of Iowa .

Des Moines is the capital and the most populous city in the US state of Iowa .

Maquoketa is a city in Jackson county in the U.S. state of Iowa .


Question: Des Moines became the capital of Iowa in 1857 .

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In 1857 , the name `` Fort Des Moines '' was shortened to `` Des Moines '' and the state capital was moved here from Iowa City .


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Question: The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority ( SEPTA ) is a agency that is in control of many types of transport , including buses , commuter rail , elevated rail and subways . It operates 13 `` Regional Rail '' services in the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania area .

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The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority ( SEPTA ) is a regional municipal authority that operates various forms of public transitâ '' bus , subway and elevated rail , commuter rail , light rail , and electric trolley busâ '' that serve 3.8 million people in and around Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .

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Its network consists of 54 bus lines , 17 trolley bus lines , 7 light rail lines that operate above ground and in the City 's lone subway tube ( called Muni Metro ) , 3 cable car lines , and a heritage streetcar line known as the F Market & Wharves .


Question: Ringwood is a city of Oklahoma in the United States .

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Ringwood is a town in Major County , Oklahoma , United States .

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , United States . It is dedicated to archiving the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists , producers , engineers and others who have , in some major way , influenced the music industry through the genre of rock music .']" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum in Cleveland , Ohio , United States , which has information on the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists , producers , and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry , mostly in the area of rock music .']"

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: The Grampian Mountains or Grampians are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland , occupying a considerable portion of the Scottish Highlands in northeast Scotland .

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The Grampian Mountains or Grampians ( Am Monadh in Gaelic ) are one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland , occupying a considerable portion of the Scottish Highlands in northeast Scotland .

The Southern Carpathians or the Transylvanian Alps are a group of mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania , on one side , and Serbia , on the other side .


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Question: The Grampians extend southwest to northeast between the Highland Boundary Fault and Gleann MÃ r ( the Great Glen ) .

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The Grampians extend southwest to northeast between the Highland Boundary Fault and Gleann MÃ r ( the Great Glen ) , occupying almost half of the land-area of Scotland .

The backbone of Cape York Peninsula is the Peninsula Ridge , part of Australiaâ s Great Dividing Range .


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Question: Atomic mass ( not to be confused with atomic weight ) is a term for the mass of a single atom of a chemical element . It includes the weights of the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom : protons , electrons , and neutrons .

The atomic mass is the total mass of protons , neutrons and electrons in a single atom ( when the atom is motionless ) .

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This hypothesized force was called the strong force , which was believed to be a fundamental force that acted on the nucleons ( the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus ) . Experiments suggested that this force bound protons and neutrons together with equal strength .


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Question: Villeneuve-d ` Entraunes is a commune . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France .

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Villeneuve-d ` Entraunes is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .

Allauch ( Alaug in Occitan ; ) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region of France .


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Question: Cristot is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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Cristot is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

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Neuilly-la-For Ã t is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 15th century , which began in the year 1401 and ended in the year 1500 .

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The 15th century is the time from 1401 to 1500 .

The 22nd century is a century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It is the upcoming century , beginning on January 1 , 2101 and ending on December 31 , 2200 .


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Question: As of 2000 , the population is 11,508 .

As of 2000 , the population was 11,508 .

Suburban area is 99.69 square kilometers , suburban population is 35,823 .


Question: The first person to use this idea in the United States was Dr. William Mosenthal , a surgeon at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center .

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The first application of this idea in the United States was by Dr. William Mosenthal , a surgeon at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center .

In 1922 he was invited to come to the United States and to join the Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore , Maryland .


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Question: Nightingale reduced death rates from 40 % to 2 % by creating the concept of intensive care .

Until recently , it was reported that Nightingale reduced mortality from 40 % to 2 % on the battlefield .

Cancer patient treatment and studies were restricted to individual physicians ' practices until World War II , when medical research centers discovered that there were large international differences in disease incidence .


Question: An intensive care unit ( ICU ) , critical care unit ( CCU ) , intensive therapy unit ( ITU ) , or intensive treatment unit ( ITU ) is a special part of a hospital .

An intensive care unit ( ICU ) , critical care unit ( CCU ) , intensive therapy unit , or intensive treatment unit ( ITU ) is a specialized department in a hospital that provides intensive-care medicine .

Cardiology ( from Greek , kardiÄ , `` heart '' ; and , - logia ) is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart ( specifically the human heart ) .


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Question: In 1854 , Florence Nightingale went to the Crimean War . There it was important to separate seriously wounded soldiers from less-seriously wounded .

In 1854 , Florence Nightingale left for the Crimean War , where triage was used to separate seriously wounded soldiers from the less-seriously wounded was observed .

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The two teenagers , too young to become Red Cross nurses like their mother and elder sisters , played games of checkers and billiards with the soldiers and tried to uplift their spirits .


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Question: Because of a polio epidemic , BjÃ rn Ibsen established the first intensive care unit in Copenhagen in 1953 .

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In response to a polio epidemic ( where many patients required constant ventilation and surveillance ) , BjÃ rn Aage Ibsen established the first intensive care unit in Copenhagen in 1953 .

As of autumn 1916 , he was taken to a Turkish military hospital and he moved to Paris in 1919 where he died in a psychiatric clinic Villejuif in 1935 .


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Question: It is also known as Aploppas , and its first Tupi name urucu .

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It is also known as Aploppas , and its original Tupi name urucu .

The only preserved Dual form is ajÄ `` vatam ` both lived ' .


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Question: It is grown there and in Southeast Asia , where it was brought by the Spanish in the 17th century .

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It is cultivated there and in Southeast Asia , where it was introduced by the Spanish in the 17th century .

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Winter apples , picked in late autumn and stored just above freezing , have been an important food in Asia and Europe for millennia , as well as in Argentina and in the United States since the arrival of Europeans .


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Question: The name comes from the Nahuatl word for the shrub , achiotl .

The name derives from the Nahuatl word for the shrub , achiotl .

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The origin of the name Bezenye comes from a Slav word meaning `` elder '' tree ( `` baza '' ) .


Question: It is best known as the source of the natural pigment annatto , made from the fruit .

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It is best known as the source of the natural pigment annatto , produced from the fruit .

Seeds of several species are the source of the popular beverage coffee .


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Question: Achiote ( Bixa orellana ) is a shrub or small tree from the tropical area of the American continent .

Achiote ( Bixa orellana ) is a shrub or small tree from the tropical region of the Americas .

The ilama ( also known as the tree of the ilama , Latin Annona diversifolia ) is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America .


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Question: Beuvry is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Beuvry is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

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Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: On 22 August 1485 , Henry 's army defeated Richard III 's army at the Battle of Bosworth .

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Though outnumbered , Henry 's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard 's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485 .

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The Battle of CrÃ cy ( occasionally called the Battle of Cressy in English ) took place on 26 August 1346 near CrÃ cy in northern France , and was one of the most important battles of the Hundred Years ' War .


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Question: Henry the VII or Henry Tudor ( 28 January 1457 â `` 21 April 1509 ) was king of England from 1485 to 1509 .

Henry VII ( ; 28 January 1457 -- 21 April 1509 ) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509 , as the first monarch of the House of Tudor .

Alfred Edward Morgans ( 17 February 1850 â `` 10 August 1933 ) was Premier of Western Australia for just 32 days , from 21 November to 23 December 1901 .


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Question: There was a battle , and the Earl of Lincoln was killed .

The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke .

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The King supports him too , and the Knight and Elsa enter the church together .


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Question: Lambert Simnel was captured , but , because he was only a child , Henry spared his life and he became a royal servant .

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Henry made the boy Simnel a servant in the royal kitchen .

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In his youth , Henry 's father made him Duke of York ( in the Jacobite peerage ) , and it was by this title that he was best known .


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Question: One of these was a little boy called Lambert Simnel , who looked very like Edward , Earl of Warwick . The real Earl of Warwick was Henry 's prisoner , but this did not stop other people from believing that Lambert was him .

In 1487 , Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel , a boy who was claimed to be the Earl of Warwick , son of Edward IV 's brother Clarence ( who was actually a prisoner in the Tower ) .

Yet before the duel could take place , Richard II instead decided to banish Henry from the kingdom ( with the approval of Henry 's father , John of Gaunt ) to avoid further bloodshed . Mowbray himself was exiled for life .


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Question: The Dauphin was the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 -- 1791 , and from 1824 -- 1830 .

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The Dauphin of France â '' strictly , The Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ) â '' was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 , and from 1824 to 1830 .

This period spanned the years from March 1361 through September 1362 .


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Question: The title of Dauphin of Viennois descended in his family until 1349 , when Humbert II sold his signeurie , called the DauphinÃ , to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assumed the title of le Dauphin .

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The title of Dauphin de Viennois descended in his family the LeVieux Princes of Ivetot until 1349 , when Humbert II sold his seigneurie , called the DauphinÃ , to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assumed the title of le Dauphin .

Her half-brother Philippe d'Orl Ã ans , the future Regent of France , was born of her father 's second marriage .


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Question: Guy VIII , Count of Vienne , had a dolphin on his coat of arms and had been nicknamed le Dauphin ( French for dolphin ) .

Guy VIII , Count of Vienne , had a dolphin on his coat of arms and had been nicknamed le Dauphin .

Though the cooking technique is probably older , the term mirepoix dates from the eighteenth century and derives , as do many other appellations in French cuisine , from the aristocratic employer of the cook credited with establishing and stabilizing it : in this case , Charles-Pierre-Gaston FranÃ ois de LÃ vis , duc de LÃ vis-Mirepoix ( 1699 â `` 1757 ) , French field marshal and ambassador and a member of the noble family of LÃ vis , lords of Mirepoix in Languedoc since the eleventh century .


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Question: The wife of the Dauphin was known as the Dauphine .

The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine .

He was born a Prince of Savoy in Turin to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy and his first wife the French Anne Marie d'Orl Ã ans .


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Question: The first French Dauphin was Charles V. The title is roughly equivalent to the English title Prince of Wales .

The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles V. The title was roughly equivalent to the English title Prince of Wales , the Scottish title Duke of Rothesay , or the Spanish title Prince of Asturias .

When his mother Queen Beatrix became the queen regnant of the Netherlands , prince Willem-Alexander obtained the title `` Prince of Orange '' as new heir to the Dutch throne .


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['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Wasabi , scallions , and grated ginger are often mixed into the tsuyu .'] == ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Wasabi and scallions are often mixed into the tsuyu .'] != ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The whole fresh leaves , æ ã è 1\\/2 kinome , are used to flavor vegetables , especially bamboo shoots , and to decorate soups .']

Question: John William `` Johnny '' Bower ( born November 8 , 1924 ) , nicknamed `` The China Wall '' , is a Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender .

John William Bower ( born John Kiszkan on November 8 , 1924 , in Prince Albert , Saskatchewan ) , nicknamed `` The China Wall '' , is a Hockey Hall of Fame goalie .

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Alexander Peter `` Fats '' Delvecchio ( born December 4 , 1931 ) is a former ice hockey player and member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .


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Question: It is on the Rhine , opposite the big city of DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf .

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It is located on the west bank of the Rhine opposite DÃ 1\/4 sseldorf , and owes its success to its location at the crossing of historic and modern trade routes .

It shares the MÃ 1\/4 nster OsnabrÃ 1\/4 ck International Airport together with the nearby city of MÃ 1\/4 nster .


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Question: Neuss is a city in the west of Germany , in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia .

Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .

Rheydt is a borough of the German city MÃ nchengladbach , located in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia .


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Question: Genki Nagasato ( born 16 December 1985 ) is a Japanese football player .

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Genki Nagasato ( born December 16 , 1985 in Atsugi , Kanagawa , Japan ) is a Japanese football player who is currently playing for Japanese club Ventforet Kofu .

Ahn Sun-Jin ( born September 19 , 1975 ) is a former South Korean football player .


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Question: The Group bought Manchester City Football Club . The deal was announced on 1 September 2008 .

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The Group bought Manchester City Football Club , negotiating the deal on 1 September 2008 .

Meetings were set up and the Speedway was purchased on November 14 , 1945 .


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Question: The American educated Sulaiman Al-Fahim was the public face of ADUG during the beginning of the takeover . He is often called the `` Donald Trump of Abu Dhabi '' .

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The US-educated Sulaiman Al-Fahim was the public face of ADUG during the initial phase of the takeover and is often described as the `` Donald Trump of Abu Dhabi '' .

In 1982 , he was recruited by successful businessman Rafik Hariri to help him manage and expand his massive business empire . Upon the end of Lebanon 's Civil War , Hariri became Lebanon 's Prime Minister .


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Question: It was made between the clubâ s former owner Thaksin Shinawatra , former Prime Minister of Thailand , and ADUG .

The deal was struck late on Sunday night between the clubâ s former owner Thaksin Shinawatra , former Prime Minister of Thailand , and ADUG .

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Later , they formed Tornero & Sons Society with his father , who was living in outside Chile .


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Question: It was first thought that Abu Dhabi United Group is a part of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , a sovereign wealth fund owned by Abu Dhabi .

It was initially thought that Abu Dhabi United Group is a part of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority , a sovereign wealth fund owned by Abu Dhabi .

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The original Al Jazeera channel was started in 1 November 1996 by an emiri decree with a loan of 500 million Qatari riyals ( US$ 137 million ) from the Emir of Qatar , Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa .


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Question: The Abu Dhabi United Group for Development and Investment ( ADUG ) is a United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) private equity company owned by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan . He is a member of the Abu Dhabi Royal Family .

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The Abu Dhabi United Group for Development and Investment ( ADUG ) is a United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) private equity company owned by Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan , member of the Abu Dhabi Royal Family and Minister of Presidential Affairs for the UAE .


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Question: Today Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ( also known by its controversial name East Turkistan or Uyghurstan ) .

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Today , Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People 's Republic of China .

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The Kilik Pass ( elevation 4827 m ) , 30 k to the west of Mintaka Pass is a high mountain pass in the Karakorum Mountains between Pakistan-administered Kashmir and Xinjiang in the People 's Republic of China .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
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Provided: ['Represent the next text', "This is why people called them ` planetary nebula ' . We still call them this even though we know they are not planets ."] Match: ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "To early observers with low-resolution telescopes , M27 and subsequently discovered planetary nebulae somewhat resembled the giant planets like Uranus , and William Herschel , discoverer of this planet , eventually coined the term ` planetary nebula ' for them , although , as we now know , they are very different from planets ."] Hard Negative: ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It may be an extinct comet , and may be the source of some meteor showers .']

Question: BÃ guey is a commune .

BÃ guey is a commune located on the right bank of the Garonne river in south-western France .

FÃ cents ntÃ cents na Mare is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: Lawrence left his 8,000 bird skins to the American Museum of Natural History .

Lawrence left his collection of 8,000 bird skins to the American Museum of Natural History .

In 1921 , he was the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics held under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York .


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Question: Lawrence counted birds for Spencer Fullerton Baird and John Cassin , and the three men wrote Birds of North America in 1858 .

Lawrence conducted Pacific bird surveys for Spencer Fullerton Baird and John Cassin , and the three men co-authored Birds of North America in 1858 .

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Robert G. Bailey almost developed a biogeographical classification system for the United States in a map published in 1976 .


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Question: The Lawrence 's Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei was named for him by Cassin .

Lawrence 's Goldfinch Carduelis lawrencei was named for him by Cassin .

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The species was named by ornithologist John Latham on a specimen from the Sydney , Australia area , which was referred to as New Holland at the time .


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Question: George Newbold Lawrence ( October 20 , 1806 - January 17 , 1895 ) was an American businessperson and amateur ornithologist ( bird expert ) .

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George Newbold Lawrence ( October 20 , 1806 â `` January 17 , 1895 ) was an American businessman and amateur ornithologist .

James Edward Keeler ( September 10 , 1857 â `` August 12 , 1900 ) was an American astronomer .


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Question: It can also be made by heating liquid iodine with chlorine gas at 105 C.

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Iodine trichloride can be created by heating a mixture of liquid iodine and chlorine gas to 105 Â C.

The hydrous form may be formed by the reaction of chromium ( III ) oxide and sulfuric acid .


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Question: NOTICE : This page has been protected so that only administrators can change it because it is included in the following ( which protected with the `` cascading '' option enabled ) .

WARNING : This page has been protected so that only administrators can edit it because it is transcluded in the following ( which protected with the `` cascading '' option enabled ) .

Categories and interwiki links that apply to the template itself should be added to the bottom of the \/ doc subpage , inside tags . For more complex cases , see Template documentation # Categories and interwiki links .


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Question: Moray is a council area in Scotland , UK .

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The Moray council area was created in 1996 , under the Local Government etc. ( Scotland ) Act 1994 , with the boundaries of the former Moray district of the two-tier Grampian region .

Stonehouse is a rural village in South Lanarkshire , Scotland .


Question: Otto Liman von Sanders ( 17 February 1855 - 22 August 1929 ) was a German general .

Generalleutnant Otto Liman von Sanders ( February 17 , 1855 - August 22 , 1929 ) was a German general who served as adviser and military commander for the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

Karl-Heinz Metzner ( 9 January 1923 -- 25 October 1994 ) was a German footballer .


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Question: MÃ rio Zagallo ( born 9 August 1931 ) is a former Brazilian football player .

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MÃ rio Jorge Lobo Zagallo ( born August 9 , 1931 in MaceiÃ ) is a Brazilian football coach and former player of Lebanese and Italian ( venetian ) heritage .

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JosÃ Carlos Bauer , commonly known as Bauer ( November 21 , 1925 -- February 4 , 2007 ) was a former Brazilian football player and manager .


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Question: IÅ alniÅ # a is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

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"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'It was previously known as the Football League Third Division . Prior to the advent of the Premier League , the fourth-highest division was known as the Football League Fourth Division .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Football League Two is a football league which is Fourth division in England .']"

IÅ alniÅ # a is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 3,922 people . It has the following constituent villages : IÅ alniÅ # a.

PÃ cents rteÅ tii de Jos is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


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Question: Avesnes is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

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Avesnes is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France .

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Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Merbes-le-Ch Ã cents teau is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut .

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Merbes-le-Ch Ã cents teau is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut .

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Pont - Ã - Celles is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut .


Question: Fauguernon is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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Fauguernon is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: Francesco Petrarca ( July 20 , 1304 â `` July 19 , 1374 ) , known in English as Petrarch , was an Italian scholar , poet , and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists .

Francesco Petrarca ( July 20 , 1304 â `` July 19 , 1374 ) , known in English as Petrarch , was an Italian scholar , poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists .

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Lascelles Abercrombie ( also known as the Georgian Laureate , linking him with the `` Georgian poets '' ) ( January 9 , 1881 -- October 27 , 1938 ) was a British poet and literary critic , one of the `` Dymock poets '' .


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Question: Petrarch was also known for being one of the first people to call the Middle Ages the Dark Ages , although the negative myth as we know it today is largely the legacy of romantic literature .

Petrarch was also known for being one of the first people to refer to the Dark Ages .

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Scholars speculate that `` there probably existed in the fifth century ( BC ) a written book containing various fables of Aesop , set in a biographical framework . '' We do not know who authored such a book or what it said about Aesop , but by the time of Classical Greece Aesop and the fables attributed to him seem to have been widely known .


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Question: Based on Petrarch 's works , and to a lesser extent those of Dante Alighieri and Giovanni Boccaccio , Pietro Bembo in the 16th century created the model for the modern Italian language .

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In the 16th century , Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch 's works , as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio and , especially , Dante Alighieri .

It was the standard epic metre in classical Greek and Latin literature , such as in the Iliad and Aeneid . Its use in other genres of composition include Horace 's satires , and Ovid 's Metamorphoses .


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Question: Petrarch is often popularly called the `` father of humanism '' .

Petrarch is often called the `` Father of Humanism '' .

The 7 â `` 8th-century English monk St. Bede was referred to as being venerable soon after his death and , by tradition , is therefore often referred to as `` the Venerable Bede '' despite his also having been canonized .


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Question: provinciae ) was the basic and , until around 300 , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire 's territorial possessions outside of the peninsula of Italy .

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provinciae ) was the basic , and until the Tetrarchy ( c. 296 ) , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire 's territorial possessions outside of Italy .

This act was of immense importance in the subsequent history of Western and Central Europe in general , for Clovis expanded his dominion over almost all of the old Roman province of Gaul ( roughly modern France ) .


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Question: The word province in modern English came from the term used by the Romans .

The word province in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans .

Vesuvius was a name of the volcano in frequent use by the authors of the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire .


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Question: This category contains articles about Scottish golfers .

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This category collects all articles about education in Pakistan .


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Question: La Ciotat is a commune of 32,126 people ( 2006 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

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La Ciotat is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southern France .

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Allauch ( Alaug in Occitan ; ) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region of France .


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Question: BrÄ ila is a city of Muntenia , in the eastern part of Romania . It is the capital of BrÄ ila County .

BrÄ ila ( ; ; Turkish : Ä brail ) is a city in Muntenia , eastern Romania , a port on the Danube and the capital of BrÄ ila County , in the close vicinity of GalaÅ # i.

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Bucov is a commune in Prahova County , Romania , just east of PloieÅ ti , the county seat .


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Question: It is the capital of BrÄ ila County . As of the year 2002 , about 216,300 people were living in BrÄ ila .

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According to the last census , from 2002 , there were 216,292 people living within the city of BrÄ ila .

JÃ rÃ mie ( Jeremi in KrÃ yÃ l ) is the capital city of the department of Grand ` Anse , in Haiti , with a population of about 31,000 ( 2003 census ) .


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Question: It is the capital of BrÄ ila County .

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BrÄ ila features one of the oldest electrical tram lines in Romania , inaugurated at the end of the 19th century and still in use . BrÄ ila 's bus system is operated by the town hall in cooperation with Braicar Company , with four primary bus configurations available servicing most of the city .

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ViesÄ `` te is a town in the western part of JÄ `` kabpils County , Latvia .


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Question: BoÃ court is a municipality of the district of DelÃ mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

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BoÃ court is a municipality in the district of DelÃ mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

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Soulce is a municipality in the district of DelÃ mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .


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Question: In general it is agreed there are seven continents : Africa , Antarctica , Asia , Europe , North America , Australia , and South America .

They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria , with seven regions commonly regarded as continents â `` they are ( from largest in size to smallest ) : Asia , Africa , North America , South America , Antarctica , Europe , and Australia .

The genus contains over 300 species , distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North America , Central America , South America , Asia , Oceania and Australasia .


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Question: A continent is a large area of the land on Earth that is joined together .

A continent is one of several large landmasses on Earth .

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The water hemisphere , sometimes capitalized as the Water Hemisphere , is the hemisphere on the Earth containing the largest area of water .