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Question: Until recently , MTR stations only had branches of the Hang Seng Bank and Maxim 's Cakes stores , owned by Jardine Matheson , and a handful of other shops .

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Prior to the privatisation of MTRC , MTR stations only had branches of the Hang Seng Bank , and Maxim 's Cakes stores , and a handful of other shops .

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It was launched in September 1997 for use on the MTR ( and KCR , now operated by MTR ) and now is the most widely used electronic cash system for transactions in Hong Kong as many retailers ( including supermarkets and fast food outlets ) are fitted with readers .


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Question: Another recruitment magazine Jiu Jik ( æ è ) , published by South China Morning Post , replaced Recruit as the only free recruitment magazine distributed in MTR stations on every Tuesdays and Fridays .

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Another recruitment magazine Jiu Jik ( æ è ) , published by South China Morning Post , replaced Recruit as the only free recruitment magazine distributed in MTR stations bi-weekly .

The News Limited produced mX has filled part of that gap , being freely distributed of an afternoon from stands throughout the Melbourne CBD , though generally not available outside that area .


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Question: A consortium from Japan signed an agreement to construct the system in early 1974 , but in December of the same year it pulled out from the agreement , stemming from fears of the Arab oil crisis .

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A consortium from Japan signed an agreement to construct the system in early 1974 , but in December of the same year , it pulled out of the agreement for reasons stemming from fears of the oil crisis .

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, calling for an immediate stop to rising prices ; however , due to the necessary timeframe , the period during which people will be able to sign for the initiative will only start after the election , thus limiting its impact .


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Question: Previously under-developed areas were opened up for development with more transport options .

Previously less developed areas were opened up for development with more transport options .

Tourism is a promising sector with a number of new hotels and resorts having been built in recent years .


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Question: The MTR was popular quickly with the people of Hong Kong , so later they built more lines to cover more ground .

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The MTR was immediately popular with residents of Hong Kong ; as a result , subsequent lines have been built to cover more territory .

Traveling from one end of this line to the other end takes about one hour , and this line is colored red on the rail map .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

E.g.
["represent\nE.g. According to Church tradition , it was under Nero 's persecution that the saints Peter and Paul became martyrs in Rome . == According to Church tradition , it was under Nero 's persecution that Peter and Paul were each martyred in Rome . != Longinus ' legend grew over the years to the point that he was said to have converted to Christianity after the Crucifixion , and he is traditionally venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and several other Christian communions .", '<!----> The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad , were held in 1976 in Montreal , Quebec , Canada .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 .'] != ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games commonly known as Asiad , 1988 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games .']

Question: It announced that the Initial System would be slightly reduced to 15.6 kilometres , and renamed it the Modified Initial System .

It announced that the Initial System would be reduced to 15.6 k , and renamed it the `` Modified Initial System '' .

It was replaced for the 2006 season with Kirk .


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Question: For example , the cost of the 3-minute journey from Admiralty to Tsim Sha Tsui across the Victoria Harbour is ( as of 2005 ) HK$ 7.9 using the Octopus card , compared with HK$ 9.0 for a single-journey ticket .

For example , the cost of the three-minute journey from Admiralty to Tsim Sha Tsui across the Victoria Harbour is ( as of 2005 ) HK$ 7.7 using the Octopus card , compared with HK$ 8.5 for a single-journey ticket .

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Only children below the age of 12 , senior citizens 65 years or older are eligible for the concessionary rate on all lines . Full-time Hong Kong students between the ages of 12 and 25 qualify for the concessionary rate on all lines except on Airport Express .


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Question: Depots are located at Kowloon Bay ( for Kwun Tong Line ) , Tsuen Wan ( for Tsuen Wan Line ) , Heng Fa Chuen ( for Island Line ) , and Dream City ( for Tseung Kwan O Line ) .

Since the opening in 1982 , the Tsuen Wan Line is the only line whose alignment has virtually remained the same for the past 23 years . For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed twice since its opening â '' the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .

When service of this line started , the section of the Kwun Tong Line from Chater to Argyle ( since renamed Central and Mong Kok stations respectively ) , was transferred to the Tsuen Wan Line .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.

Examples:

Given ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "He gave Leonardo the job of painting one of the angels holding Jesus ' robe on the left side of the picture . Vasari said that Leonardo painted the angel so beautifully that Verrocchio put down his brush and never painted again ."] it matches with ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "According to Vasari , Leonardo collaborated with Verrocchio on his Baptism of Christ , painting the young angel holding Jesus 's robe in a manner that was so far superior to his master 's that Verrocchio put down his brush and never painted again ."] but not with ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'They were so lifelike that Cimabue approached Bondone and asked if he could take the boy as an apprentice .']

Question: This forecast proved quite accurate , necessitating a bypass from the northwestern New Territories to Hong Kong Island .

This forecast proved to be accurate , necessitating a bypass from the northwestern New Territories to Hong Kong Island .

As a result , the subway is able to cross the Don Valley to Danforth Avenue on the east side .


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Question: The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express use dedicated rolling stock designs specified to their respective lines .

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For example, '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "His string of hits continued with 1994 's The Specialist ( over $ 170 million worldwide gross ) ."]' should be close to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', "His come back success continued with 1994 's The Specialist ( over $ 170 million worldwide ) ."]'

The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express are operated by A-Stock specified to their respective lines .

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Spanning six stations over 6.8 k of track , the Scarborough RT is an intermediate-capacity line built almost entirely above ground , which has no direct track connections to the other lines and uses a separate fleet of Intermediate Capacity Transit System ( ICTS ) trains based on dramatically different technology ( similar to the those on the Vancouver SkyTrain ) .


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Question: MTR Corporation Limited have even made art part of the station architecture when building new stations or renovating existing ones .

MTRCL have even made art part of the station architecture when building new stations or renovating existing ones .

A few are named for major landmarks , such as shopping centres or transportation hubs , served by the station .


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Question: The was officially opened on 21 June 1998 by Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa , and service commenced the next day .

The Tung Chung Line was officially opened on 21 June 1998 by Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa , and service commenced the next day .

It officially began on June 1 , 1990 , and lasted until November 30 , 1990 .


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Question: MTR Corporation Limited has always been reliant on developing properties next to railway stations for its profits ( although the rail lines are profitable themselves ) ; many recently built stations are incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes .

MTRCL has often developed properties next to stations to complement its already profitable railway business . Many recently built stations were incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes .

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However , since the 1980s , the state government has realized that tourism is a lucrative industry , and more money is being poured into the construction of tourist resorts , and restoring colonial buildings in major cities .


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Question: However , the lines that were eventually constructed were somewhat different compared with the lines that were originally proposed by the `` Hong Kong Mass Transport Study '' .

However , the lines that were eventually constructed were somewhat different compared to the lines that were originally proposed by the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study .

A design , the Otani plan , was completed for the dam in anticipation of a Japanese victory over China .


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Question: Launched in 1998 , the Tung Chung Line serves exactly that purpose .

The Tung Chung Line was therefore launched in 1998 with an interchange station at Lai King for that purpose .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length Example:
Provided: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'Paul Maurice Kelly ( born 13 January 1955 ) is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter , guitarist and harmonica player from Adelaide .']" Match: "['Represent the input.', 'Paul Maurice Kelly was born on 13 January 1955 in Adelaide , South Australia ) . Kelly is an Australian rock music singer-songwriter , guitarist and harmonica player .']"

The 21-kilometre Eastern Region Line ( ERL ) is tentatively planned to serve 12 stations .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

The provided query could be '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'At the age of 17 Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper started to work as an actress .']' and the positive '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Priscilla began to work as an actress at the age of 17 .']' and the negative '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', "After her husband 's death in 1970 , Evelyn started to play her oboe again ."]'

Question: However , taking any particular station as the origin , the other stations fall into fare `` zones '' depending on the distance from the origin .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

Examples:

"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The term Communion is derived from Latin communio ( sharing in common ) .']" == "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'The term Communion comes from Latin communio ( sharing in common ) .']"

Taking any particular station as the origin , the other stations fall into fare `` zones '' depending on the distance from the origin .

The main town in a region ( if applicable ) often gets the first ZIP codes for that region ; afterward , the numerical order often follows the alphabetical order .


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Question: The offering involved the sale of around one billion shares , and the company now has the largest shareholder base of any company listed in Hong Kong .

The offering involved the sale of about one billion shares , and the company now has the largest shareholder base of any company listed in Hong Kong .

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In the mid-1990s , the bank started to get most of its funding from the central bank of Bangladesh .


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Question: The Hong Kong Police Force has a Railway District responsible for the MTR and the KCR .

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The Hong Kong Police Force has a Railway District responsible for the MTR .

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The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express are operated by A-Stock specified to their respective lines .


Question: Whereas , staying on the train and reaching Tiu Keng Leng would allow you to change trains for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards Po Lam .

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Whereas , staying on the train and reaching Tiu Keng Leng would allow them to board the Tseung Kwan O Line trains towards Po Lam\/LOHAS Park .

The interchange between the Tsuen Wan Line and the Kwun Tong Line , the Island Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , as well as that between the Kwun Tong Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , are two stations long , allowing cross-platform interchange wherein a passenger leaves a train on one side of the platform and boards trains on the other side of the platform for another line . For example , when passengers are traveling on the Kwun Tong Line towards Tiu Keng Leng , getting off at Yau Tong would allow them to switch trains across the platform for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards North Point .


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Question: The project added a 10.5-kilometre section to the MTR system , from Prince Edward to Tsuen Wan .

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The project added a 10.5 k section to the MTR system , from Prince Edward to Tsuen Wan .

This is not to be confused with Tsuen Wan West Station on West Rail Line , which lies on the newly reclaimed area near the former ferry pier .


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Question: Only stations on the Airport Express and Disneyland Resort Line have access to toilet facilities .

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Only stations on the Airport Express and Disneyland Resort Line , East Rail Line , West Rail Line , and Ma On Shan Line have access to toilet facilities .

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The entire Tung Chung Line and Airport Express , as well those stations added by the Tseung Kwan O Line , has platform screen doors ( PSDs ) , ordered from Swiss glass door manufacturer Kaba Gilgen AG , installed upon construction .


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Question: For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed for 2 times since its opening - the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .

For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed twice since its opening â '' the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .

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The project comprised Mei Foo Interchange ( modification of the existing Mei Foo station on the Tsuen Wan Line to provide a pedestrian link to the West Rail Line Mei Foo Station ; Nam Cheong Station ( an interchange station on the Tung Chung Line , jointly operated by the MTRCL and KCRC ) and quadruplication works ( the additional two tracks , four kilometres in length , allow the Tung Chung Line trains to stop at Nam Cheong without obstructing the passage of Airport Express trains ) .


Question:
represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words
For instance you may be given '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The album sold 64,700 copies in its first week . It also got to number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 .']' and it should match with '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The album sold 64,700 copies in its first week and peaked at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 , making it Rise Against 's highest-charting album to date ."]' but not with '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Watershed was Opeth 's highest-charting album to date , debuting at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 ."]'.

Question: Modification to MTR Tsim Sha Tsui Station involved in upgrading station factilities and concourse layout to facilitate access from the pedestrian links of East Rail East Tsim Sha Tsui station .

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Modification to Tsim Sha Tsui Station involved upgrading station facilities and concourse layout to facilitate access from the East Tsim Sha Tsui Station via its pedestrian links .


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Question: The title of `` emperor '' was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when , on 25 December 800 , Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne , king of the Franks , emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .

The standard designation of the Holy Roman Emperor was `` August Emperor of the Romans '' ( Romanorum Imperator Augustus ) . When Charlemagne was crowned in 800 , his was styled as `` most serene Augustus , crowned by God , great and pacific emperor , governing the Roman Empire , '' thus constituting the elements of `` Holy '' and `` Roman '' in the imperial title .

He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century .


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Question: Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in what is now called Germany called the Holy Roman Empire .

The Holy Roman Emperor ( , or `` Roman-German Emperor '' ) is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who , as German King , had also received the title of `` Emperor of the Romans '' from the Pope . After the 16th century , this elected monarch governed the Holy Roman Empire ( later called Holy Roman Empire of the German nation ) , a Central European union of territories of the Medieval and Early Modern period .

The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings ( 919-1024 ) , named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family 's origin .


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Question: Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in what is now called Germany called the Holy Roman Empire . The title of `` emperor '' was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when , on 25 December 800 , Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne , king of the Franks , emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .

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Charles V was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by the Pope .


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Question: Because some microorganisms can also take nitrogen out of the air , they are an important part of the nitrogen cycle .

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As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a role in precipitation and weather .

Denitrification is the reduction of nitrates back into the largely inert nitrogen gas ( N2 ) , completing the nitrogen cycle .


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Question: Microorganisms can be bacteria , fungi , archaea or protists .

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Microorganisms are very diverse ; they include bacteria , fungi , archaea , and protists ; microscopic plants ( green algae ) ; and animals such as plankton and the planarian .

An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viral species ; as a group they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants , animals , archaea , or bacteria .


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Question: Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems , because they act as decomposers .

Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers .

The conversion of nitrogen ( N2 ) from the atmosphere into a form readily available to plants and hence to animals and humans is an important step in the nitrogen cycle , which distributes the supply of this essential nutrient . There are four ways to convert N2 ( atmospheric nitrogen gas ) into more chemically reactive forms :


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Question: Most micro-organisms are single-celled , or unicellular organisms , but there are unicellular protists that are visible to the human eye , and some multicellular species are microscopic .

Most microorganisms are unicellular ( single-celled ) , but this is not universal , since some multicellular organisms are microscopic , while some unicellular protists and bacteria , like Thiomargarita namibiensis , are macroscopic and visible to the naked eye .

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Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells , but ferns , mosses , green algae , some gymnosperms and other closely related plants do . Likewise , most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae , but the primitive fungal chytrids do .


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Question: Escambia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida , and was formed on July 21 , 1821 .

Escambia County was created on July 21 , 1821 .

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Chipley is a city in Washington County , Florida , United States .


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Question: Escambia County 's seat is Pensacola .

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Question: Mark Cavendish ( T-Mobile Team ) won the points classification and Johan Van Summeren ( Davitamon-Lotto ) captured the sprints classification .

Mark Cavendish ( T-Mobile Team ) won the points classification and Johan van Summeren ( Davitamon-Lotto ) the sprints classification .

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The 2004 route climaxed with a 45-mile ( 72 km ) criterium in London , where tens of thousands of spectators saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the penultimate lap , with Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld taking the sprint on the line .


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Question: The Tour of Britain is being changed to seven days for 2007 . The extra day is being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

------

The provided query could be "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Kris Boyd ( born 18 August 1983 ) is a Scottish professional association footballer who currently plays for Nottingham Forest on loan from Middlesbrough .']" and the positive "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Kris Boyd ( born 18 August 1983 ) is a Scottish football player .']"

The Tour of Britain was extended to seven days for 2007 , with the extra day being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time .

The Milk Marketing Board sponsored the Milk Race Tour of Britain cycle race from 1958-1993 , at 35 years making it the longest cycle sponsorship in the UK ever .


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Question: Instead of finishing in London , the 2007 race will start in London and finish in Glasgow . Glasgow is using the event to increase the chance of it becoming the host of the 2014 Commonwealth Games .

Instead of finishing in London , the 2007 race started in London and finished in Glasgow , which used the event to boost its bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games .

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The United States has hosted four Summer Olympics Games , more than any other nation . The United Kingdom will have hosted three Summer Olympics Games when they return to the British capital in 2012 , all of them have been ( and will be ) in London , making it the first city to hold the Summer Olympic Games three times .


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Question: The 2004 route ended with a 45 mile ( 72 km ) criterium in London , where tens of thousands of people watching saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the final lap . Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld passed him on the final lap to win that stage of the race .

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The 2004 route climaxed with a 45-mile ( 72 km ) criterium in London , where tens of thousands of spectators saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the penultimate lap , with Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld taking the sprint on the line .

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That year , he also finished fifth in the early season Parisâ `` Nice stage race , and ninth in the world championship , but he abandoned the Tour de France on stage 3 , affected by a knee injury .


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Question: The Tour of Britain is part of the UCI 's European Tour .

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'It has over 3.5 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week , including over 18 million men .']" == "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week , with over 18 million of them are men , 19 % of the adult males in the United States .']"

The current version of the Tour of Britain is part of the UCI Europe Tour .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.

It started as an unimportant race in 1996 , but because of the fast growing popularity of cycling in Germany , it was made a part of the UCI Road World Cup in 1998 .


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Question: The Tour of Britain is the name of a cycle race held in United Kingdom . The race is made up of several parts in which the racers go from place to place across parts of Great Britain .

The Tour of Britain is a cycle race , conducted over several stages , in which participants race from place to place across parts of Great Britain .


Question:
represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

------

E.g.
'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "He was given the nickname `` The Little Ball of Hate '' by Glenn Healy because fellow teammate Ray Ferraro was nicknamed `` Big Ball of Hate '' ."]' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', "His nickname , `` The Little Ball of Hate '' , was given to him in 1995 by Glenn Healy after fellow New York Rangers teammate Ray Ferraro was tagged as the `` Big Ball of Hate '' ."]' != '['', "His four younger sons are distinguished from one another by the nicknames `` Monk '' , `` Big Wheel '' , `` Red '' , and `` Little Joey '' ."]'

Question: In computer science , a memory address is an identifier for a memory location ( where a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it ) .

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In computer science , a memory address is an identifier for a memory location , at which a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it .

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When the cache client ( a CPU , web browser , operating system ) needs to access a datum presumed to exist in the backing store , it first checks the cache . If an entry can be found with a tag matching that of the desired datum , the datum in the entry is used instead .


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Question: There are natural and synthetic diamonds . The earth makes natural diamonds .

Synthetic diamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory , as opposed to diamonds mined from the Earth .

Colorless or light-colored marbles are a very pure source of calcium carbonate , which is used in a wide variety of industries .


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Question: Diamonds were first found in India .

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The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as concerns over the sale of blood diamonds or conflict diamonds by African paramilitary groups .

Discovered in 1855 , it was among the first dinosaurs found in North America .


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Question: The earth makes natural diamonds . People make synthetic diamonds .

Diamonds sold through this process are known as conflict diamonds or blood diamonds .

Some minerals , like quartz , mica or feldspar are common , while others have been found in only a few locations worldwide .


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Question: There are natural and synthetic diamonds .

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Optical techniques can distinguish between natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds .


Question: People make synthetic diamonds .

This demand has been satisfied in large part by synthetic diamonds , which have been manufactured by various processes for more than half a century . However , in recent years it has become possible to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds of significant size .

They are less likely to eat mixed materials containing artificial fibers .


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Question: Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31 , 1923 -- November 10 , 2007 ) was an American writer and journalist .

Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31 , 1923 â `` November 10 , 2007 ) was an American novelist , journalist , essayist , poet , playwright , screenwriter , and film director .

Harold Robbins ( May 21 , 1916 -- October 14 , 1997 ) was one of the best-selling American authors of all time .


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Question: He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice and the National Book Award once on his journalism career .

He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice and the National Book Award once .

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He has won nine Emmy Awards and one Grammy Award during this career .


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Question: Along with Truman Capote , Joan Didion , and Tom Wolfe , Mailer writes creative nonfiction , sometimes called New Journalism , but which covers the essay to the nonfiction novel .

Along with Truman Capote , Joan Didion , Hunter S. Thompson , John McPhee , and Tom Wolfe , Mailer is considered an innovator of creative nonfiction , a genre sometimes called New Journalism , which superimposes the essay onto the nonfiction novel .

Within a decade his short stories and novels prevailed over his historical non-fiction works , though historical themes continued to imbue his fiction .


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Question: In 1955 , Mailer , along with Ed Fancher and Dan Wolf , first published The Village Voice , which was showed to the Greenwich Village .

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In 1955 , Mailer , together with John Wilcock , Ed Fancher and Dan Wolf , first published The Village Voice , which began as an arts and politics oriented weekly newspaper distributed in Greenwich Village .

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However , in 1969 , Jim Hough , a then-columnist of the Lansing State Journal , used his column to bring together concerned citizens and local-area residents to raise money to help revitalize the zoo . The same year , the Friends of the Zoo Society was formed .


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Question: Amnesty International ( also called AI or Amnesty ) is an international organization .

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Amnesty International ( commonly known as Amnesty and AI ) is an international non-governmental organization .

The Plain English Campaign ( PEC ) is a commercial editing and training firm based in the United Kingdom .


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Question: The following towns and villages can be found along the Siret River , from source to mouth : Berehomet , Storozhynets , Siret , GrÄ meÅ ti , ZvoriÅ tea , Liteni , PaÅ cani , Stolniceni-Pr Ä jescu , Roman , BacÄ u , Adjud , MÄ rÄ Å eÅ ti , GalaÅ # i.

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The following towns and villages are situated along the river Siret , from source to mouth : Berehomet , Storozhynets , Siret , GrÄ meÅ ti , ZvoriÅ tea , Liteni , PaÅ cani , Stolniceni-Pr Ä jescu , Roman , BacÄ u , Adjud , MÄ rÄ Å eÅ ti , GalaÅ # i.

BratovoeÅ ti is a commune in VÃ cents lcea County , Romania with a population of 3,693 people . It has the following constituent villages : BÄ doÅ i , BratovoeÅ ti , Georocu Mare and Prunet .


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Question: Alexain is a commune of 402 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

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Alexain is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

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Provided: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'In law , the payer is the party making a payment while the payee is the party receiving the payment .']" Match: "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In law , the payer is the party that makes a payment and the payee is the party that receives the payment .']"

Saint-Benoist-sur-Mer is a commune ( or Saint-Benectict-super-mare ) in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: Pine Bluff is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America .

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Pine Bluff is the largest city and county seat of Jefferson County , Arkansas , United States .

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Example:
Provided: "['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Nymphidius Sabinus , desiring to become emperor himself , bribed the Praetorian Guard to betray Nero . Nero committed suicide .']" Match: "["represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\n------\nE.g.\n'This combination is known as steak fries or steak-frites .' == 'The combination is known as ` steak-frites . '' != 'Recent bacon dishes include chicken fried bacon , chocolate covered bacon , and the bacon explosion .'", 'The Praetorian Guard were bribed to betray Nero , and Nero committed suicide .']"

Eudora is a city in Chicot County , Arkansas , United States of America .


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Question: Erskine Hamilton Childers ( 11 December 1905 -- 17 November 1974 ) , was the son of Robert Erskine Childers ( author of the spy thriller The Riddle of the Sands .

Erskine Hamilton Childers ( 11 December 1905 -- 17 November 1974 ) served as the fourth President of Ireland from 1973 until his death in 1974 .

Walter Edward Guinness , 1st Baron Moyne DSO & Bar PC ( 29 March 1880 -- 6 November 1944 ) was a Anglo-Irish politician and businessman .


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Question: As member of Fianna FÃ il , he held a number of ministerial posts in the cabinets of Ã amon de Valera , SeÃ n Lemass and Jack Lynch , becoming TÃ naiste Deputy head of the government ) in 1969 .

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A member of Fianna FÃ il , he held a number of ministerial posts in the cabinets of Ã amon de Valera , SeÃ n Lemass and Jack Lynch , becoming TÃ naiste in 1969 .

Instead , with the reluctant agreement of his cabinet , de Valera nominated a team of delegates headed by Vice-President Arthur Griffith , with Collins as his deputy .


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Question: Childers , though 67 , was an extremely hard-working and He died suddenly of a heart attack in November 1974 , while making a public speech to the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin .

However , he died suddenly of a heart attack in November 1974 , while making a public speech to the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin .

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Recently widowed but assisted by her foster mother , Jane Irwin Findlay , who was then seventy-three , she acted as his official hostess during Harrison 's brief tenure in office , which lasted for a month in 1841 .


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Question: In 1922 , when Childers was 16 , his father was executed by the Irish Free State .

In 1922 , when Childers was sixteen , his father was executed by the new Irish Free State on politically-inspired charges of gun-possession .

One of the three was John Gregg , who would be killed by Loyalists in 2003 .


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Question: Before his execution the older Childers made his son promise from to find every man who had signed his father 's death warrant out and shake his hand .

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Before his execution , in a spirit of reconciliation , the older Childers obtained a promise from his son to seek out and shake the hand of every man who had signed the death warrant .

Another time , Pollard remarked that `` Someone once said that a man deserves one good woman and one good dog in his lifetime .


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Question: The younger Childers was educated at Gresham 's School , Holt , and Trinity College , Cambridge , hence his striking British upper class accent .

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Childers was educated at Gresham 's School , Holt , and the University of Cambridge , hence his striking British upper class accent .

This double foundation was the model for Eton College and King 's College , Cambridge some 50 years later ( a sod of earth and a number of scholars from Winchester were sent to Eton for its foundation ) , and for Westminster School , Christ Church , Oxford and Trinity College , Cambridge in Tudor times .


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Question: He was the fourth President of Ireland from 1973 until his death in 1974 , and a TD from 1938 until 1973 .

He was a Teachta DÃ la ( TD ) from 1938 until 1973 .

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George Leake CMG ( posthumous ) QC ( 3 December 1856 -- 24 June 1902 ) was Premier of Western Australia from 27 May 1901 to 21 November 1901 , and again from 23 December 1901 until his death on 24 June 1902 .


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Question: Childers ' state funeral in St. Patrick 's Cathedral , Dublin , was attended by world leaders including Nelson Rockefeller , Vice-President of the United States , Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( representing Queen Elizabeth II ) , Harold Wilson , the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and presidents and crowned heads of state from Europe and beyond .

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Childers 's state funeral in St. Patrick 's Cathedral , Dublin , was attended by world leaders including the Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( representing Queen Elizabeth II ) , the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Opposition , and presidents and crowned heads of state from Europe and beyond .

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Prior to that , he held a number of cabinet posts in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major .


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Question: One commentator described his ministerial career as `` spectacularly unsuccessful '' , but others praised his willingness to take tough decisions .

One commentator described his ministerial career as `` spectacularly unsuccessful '' . Others praised his willingness to take tough decisions .

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Costello , however , considers the parliament to be a forum in which he can consolidate his power , citing famous speeches by Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln ; the other members ruin this noble idea with their lack of discipline and ostentatious indifference .


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Question: At first it was expected that President Childers ' widow , Rita , would be offered the office of president to continue his work , but it went instead to the former Chief Justice , Cearbhall Ã `` DÃ laigh .

It was expected that President Childers ' popular widow , Rita , would be offered the office of president to continue his work , but it went instead to the former Chief Justice , Cearbhall Ã `` DÃ laigh .

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When a furious President Ã `` DÃ laigh resigned , a deeply reluctant Hillery agreed to become the Fianna FÃ il candidate for the presidency .


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Question: He moved to Ireland after the First World War and lived in County Wicklow with his father Robert Erskine Childers .

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Although also born in England , his father , Robert Erskine Childers , had had an Irish mother and had been raised by an uncle in County Wicklow , and after the First World War took his family to live there .

In 1940 she married Clarence T. Cleary , and they moved to Oakland , California .


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Question: Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May , 1973 , defeating Tom O'Higgins by 635,867 votes to 578,771 .

In a political upset , Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May 1973 , defeating Tom O'Higgins by 635,867 votes to 578,771 .

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He won the presidential election held on 2 March 2008 with 71.25 % of the popular vote , and was inaugurated on 7 May 2008 .


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Question: Clarence Ray Nagin , Jr. ( born June 11 , 1956 ) is the mayor of New Orleans .

Clarence Ray Nagin , Jr. ( born June 11 , 1956 ) is a former mayor of New Orleans , Louisiana , United States .

John Henry Hoeven III ( born March 13 , 1957 ) is the junior United States Senator from North Dakota .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
E.g.
['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of both Lincoln 's arrival at Gettysburg and the address itself to have left an audio recording of his recollections ."] != ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', "This story is at odds with the existence of several early drafts on Executive Mansion stationery as well as the reports of Lincoln 's final editing while a guest of David Wills in Gettysburg ."]

Question: Nagin gained international attention in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina , which devastated the New Orleans area .

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Nagin gained international notoriety in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina , which devastated the New Orleans area .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'It is flown each year near his samadhi ( tomb-shrine ) in Meherabad , India during the week of Amartithi ( the anniversary of his death on January 31 , 1969 ) .']>>  to "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It is flown each year near his tomb near Ahmednagar , India during the anniversary of his death on January 31 , 1969 .']"

In the months following the storm , Congress appointed a bipartisan committee to investigate the response to Hurricane Katrina and the preparations prior to its landfall .


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Question: A ball bearing is a small ball , usually metal , that is part of one type of bearing .

A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the moving parts of the bearing .

In the former case , bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported .


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Question: Birrwil is a municipality of the district Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Birrwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Menziken is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


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Question: It was first named The Pastors ' College when it opened in 1857 . When it moved to its present building in 1923 , it was renamed in honor of its starter Charles Spurgeon .

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Originally named The Pastors ' College when it opened in 1857 , it later was renamed in honor of its founder , Charles Haddon Spurgeon , when it moved to its present building in 1923 .

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E.g. ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Most production and journalism courses incorporate media studies content , but academic institutions often establish separate departments .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Most production and journalism courses use media studies content , but academic institutions such as universities often start separate departments .']

After his death on May 5 , 1885 , the family moved across the country to Lawrence , Massachusetts , under the patronage of ( Robert 's grandfather ) William Frost , Sr. , who was an overseer at a New England mill .


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Question: It was started by Charles Spurgeon , known as `` the Prince of Preachers . ''

It was founded by Charles Haddon Spurgeon , known as `` the Prince of Preachers . ''

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He is often referred to as the `` King of Rock and Roll '' or simply `` the King '' .


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Question: Spurgeon 's College is a theological institute in London .

Spurgeon 's College is a theological institute of higher learning located in South Norwood Hill , London .

The Yehudi Menuhin School is a specialist music school in Surrey , England .


Question: According to journalist Bill Harry , McCartney wrote the lyrics while shaving , but McCartney told biographer Barry Miles that he wrote them while on a tour bus .

According to journalist Bill Harry , McCartney wrote the lyrics while shaving , though McCartney told biographer Barry Miles that he wrote them while on a tour bus .

Shotton regularly visited Lennon 's house ( Kenwood ) on weekends to keep Lennon company , leaving his wife and young son at home , or to escort Cynthia Lennon for a night out when her husband was busy with band matters or songwriting .


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Question: The official name of Sudan is The Republic of Sudan .

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These states will secede from Sudan as part of the Republic of South Sudan on 9 July 2011 .

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Humat Al-Hima ( Defenders of the Homeland ) is the national anthem of Tunisia .


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Question: About 4 million of these live in Khartoum or in towns that are joined to it .

The 2009 census put the population at more than 39 million people . The population of metropolitan Khartoum ( including Khartoum , Omdurman , and Khartoum North ) is growing rapidly and is estimated at about five to seven million , including around two million displaced persons from the southern war zone as well as western and eastern drought-affected areas .

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The majority of the population of the peninsula live in Saudi Arabia and in Yemen .


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Question: Sudan has borders with the countries of Egypt , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , Uganda , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Central African Republic , Chad , and Libya . It also has a coast on the Red Sea .

It is bordered by Egypt to the north , the Red Sea to the northeast , Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , Kenya and Uganda to the southeast , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest .

The Transcaucasus is bordered on the north by Russia , on the west by the Black Sea and Turkey , on the east by the Caspian Sea , and on the south by Iran .


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Question: Sudan is a country in Africa . The official name of Sudan is The Republic of Sudan .

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Other Christian groups with smaller followings in the country include the Africa Inland Church , the Armenian Apostolic Church , the Sudan Church of Christ , the Sudan Interior Church , Jehovah 's Witnesses , the Sudan Pentecostal Church , the Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church ( in the North ) , and the Seventh-day Adventist Church of Sudan .

Stamp acts have been enforced in many countries , including Australia , People 's Republic of China , Canada , Ireland , Malaysia , Israel , the United Kingdom and the United States of America .


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Question: Tsunku , real name Mitsuo Terada , is a famous Japanese record producer , songwriter , and vocalist .

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Mitsuo Terada , better known professionally as Tsunku -RCB- -RCB- , is a prolific Japanese record producer , songwriter , and vocalist .

Yui Horie ( born September 20 , 1976 ) is a popular Japanese singer and voice actress .


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Question: Gauriaguet is a commune .

Gauriaguet is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .

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Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


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Question: MÃ riken-Wildegg is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

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MÃ riken-Wildegg is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Holderbank is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


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represent the following document

E.g. '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'Glenmore is a town in Brown County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning!', 'Glenmore is a town in Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin .']' != '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .']'

Question: Sweden ( Sverige in Swedish ) is a Nordic country in the part of Europe called Scandinavia .

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Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : ) , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe .

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Great Britain is the largest island of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .


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Question: Its neighbors are Finland and Norway . Sweden is also connected to Denmark in the south by a bridge .

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Sweden shares borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Ã -- resund .

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To the east of Ireland is Great Britain , separated from it by the Irish Sea .


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Question: A is the first letter of the alphabet .

A is the first letter of the Latin alphabet .

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He is credited as being the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements .


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Question: The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS ) contains name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories .

The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS ) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories .

As of 2010 U.S. Census , the county had a population of 2,496,435 , making it the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States .


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Question: Incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are bombs .

Incendiary weapons , incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are bombs designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using materials such as napalm , thermite , chlorine trifluoride , or white phosphorus .

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Example:
Provided: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h was eventually released from prison but ordered into exile , and ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã then eight joined his father on the journey to Baghdad in the winter ( January to April ) of 1853 ."]" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã spent most of his adult life in prison or under arrest , because of his father 's new religion . BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h called him the `` Expounder '' of his word , meaning that only ` Abdu ` l-Bah Ã had the right to say what BahÃ ` u 'll Ã h 's writings mean ."]"

Napalm 877 was used in flamethrowers and bombs by American and Allied forces to increase the deadliness of its predecessors .


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Question: Servais is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Servais is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Ali has also won an Olympic gold medal for boxing during the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , Italy .

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As an amateur , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome .

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Still 19 , he was part of the Great Britain team pursuit squad which won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne .


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Question: Muhammad Ali ( born Cassius Marcellus Clay , Jr. on January 17 , 1942 ) was an American boxer .

Muhammad Ali ( born Cassius Marcellus Clay , Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 ) is a former American boxer and three-time World Heavyweight Champion , who is widely considered one of the greatest heavyweight championship boxers .

Jess Willard ( December 29 , 1881 â `` December 15 , 1968 ) was a world heavyweight boxing champion .


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Question: There are many different game content rating systems all over the world .

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The image below presents usage of various video game content rating systems around the world . Countries filled with gradients are using several rating systems .

There has been a recent growth in online publications and blogs .


Question: Telstra is the national telecom service in Australia .

Telstra 's headquarters are located at the Telstra Corporate Centre in Melbourne , Australia .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
Examples:

"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'His visit to Australia in 1893 led to the first conference of British colonies and territories , held in Ottawa in 1894 .']" == "['Represent the following document', 'His visit to Australia in 1893 led to the first meeting of British colonies and territories . It was held in Ottawa in 1894 .']"

Opera began in 1994 as a research project at Telenor , the largest Norwegian telecommunications company .


Question:
represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.

Given ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'River dolphins are four species ( types ) of dolphin which live in fresh water rivers and estuaries .'], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'River dolphins There are four living species of dolphin which reside in freshwater rivers and estuaries .'] & a negative would be ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The Common Basilisk ( Basiliscus basiliscus ) is a lizard found in Central and South American rainforests near rivers and streams .']

Question: Joan Jett who is a long time fan of The Gits wrote a song entitled `` Go Home '' which was inspired by the death of Mia Zapata .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning. For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', "He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra until 1983 . While Downes worked with many of the world 's symphony orchestras , he enjoyed a particularly long relationship with the BBC Philharmonic ( formerly the BBC Northern Symphony Orchestra ) , serving as its Chief Guest Conductor , then Principal Conductor , and finally as Conductor Emeritus ."]>>  to "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'He was Chief Conductor of the Netherlands Radio Orchestra and the BBC Philharmonic .']"

Following Zapata 's death , Joan Jett and Bikini Kill frontwoman Kathleen Hanna co-wrote a song ( entitled `` Go Home '' ) inspired by Zapata 's death . Jett also included a message at the end of her video for the song asking for any information anyone had in regards to Zapata 's murder .

( The King Of Love Is Dead ) '' , a song written by her bass player , Gene Taylor , directly after the news of King 's death had reached them .


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Question: The band 's original name was `` Snivelling Little Rat Faced Gits '' which was named after a Monty Python skit but they later shortened it to The Gits .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
E.g.:
['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'St. Petersburg ( often shortened to St. Pete ) is a city in Pinellas County , Florida , United States long known as a vacation destination for both American and foreign tourists . As of 2008 , the population estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau is 245,314 , making St. Petersburg the fourth largest city in the state of Florida and the largest city in Florida that is not a county seat .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'For the city in Russia , see Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg ( shortened to St. Pete by the area residents ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida .']

They called themselves the Snivelling Little Rat Faced Gits ( a reference to a Monty Python skit , episode 21 ) , but soon shortened the moniker to just `` The Gits . ''

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The album was originally to be titled `` Bryan Adams Has n't Heard Of You Either '' ( due to critics ' indifference to his first album and singles ) but Adams 's sense of humor did n't make it past the gate keepers at the record company , who opted for the safer title .


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Question: His grandfather taught him to make wax figurines .

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Thus , Mariano was raised by his grandfather , a cabinet-maker who taught him to make wax figurines .

Xenia learned cookery , joinery and making puppets and their clothes for their theater .


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Question: In 1859 , he was called by the Spanish government to depict the campaigns of the Spanish-Moroccan War ( 1859 ) Spanish-Moroccan War .

In 1859 , he was called by the Spanish government to depict the campaigns of the Spanish-Moroccan War .

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It was established in 1898 , when the United States took control of Cuba from Spain following the Spanish-American War .


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'['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Palau has a tropical climate all year round . Average yearly temperature is around 82 Â F ( 27 Â C ) .']' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', 'Palau enjoys a tropical climate all year round with an annual mean temperature of 82 Â F ( 28 Â C ) .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Tibooburra has an arid , desert climate with temperatures soaring above 40 Â Celsius ( 104 Â F ) in summer , often reaching as high as 47 Â C ( 117 Â F ) .']'

Question: At the age of 9 , at a public competition in his town a local patron , Domingo Soberano , encouraged further study .

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At the age of 9 , at a public competition in his town a local patron , Domingo Soberno , encouraged further study .

The same year , she married the Italian dancer Luigi Casagli , and is thus known as Justina Casagli .


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Question: A sculptor , Domingo Talarn , secured him a pension of to allow him to attend the Academy of Barcelona .

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A sculptor , Domingo Taleru , secured him a pension to allow him to attend the Academy of Barcelona .

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Theuriet received in 1890 the ' from the French Academy , of which he became a member in 1896 .


Question: His father died when he was an infant , his mother by age 12 , thus Mariano was raised by his grandfather , a cabinet-maker , raised him .

His father died when Mariano was an infant , and his mother by the time he was 12 .

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Michael was the youngest child ; he was only six years old when his father died .


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Question: There he studied for four years under Claudio Lorenzale , and in March of 1857 he gained a scholarship that entitled him to two years of studies in Rome starting in 1858 .

There he studied for four years under Claudio Lorenzale , and in March 1857 he gained a scholarship that entitled him to two years of studies in Rome starting in 1858 .

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He was orphaned in 1724 at the age of 16 . In 1726 he went on a Grand Tour of Europe becoming one of the first Britons to include Russia on his itinerary .


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Question: He was born at Reus , a town near Taragon in the province of Catalonia in Spain .

He was born in Reus , a town near Tarragona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain .

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The original settlement was done by Catalan families from the AmpurdÃ n region of north-eastern Catalonia , Spain in 1764 .


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Question: It is about a ten-year-old boy named Timmy Turner who has fairy godparents , named Cosmo and Wanda , and a fairy godbrother named Poof . The fairies have the power to grant wishes to Timmy , while still following Da Rules , the fairy rule book .

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However , Timmy 's immature nature causes him to sometimes ask for wishes that unintentionally result in disaster , and he and his fairy godparents ( and fairy godbrother ) must find a way to `` unwish '' the wish .

In the first segment , which was inspired by W.W. Jacobs 's short story The Monkey 's Paw and The New Twilight Zone episode `` A Small Talent for War '' , Homer buys a Monkey 's Paw that has the power to grant wishes , although all of the wishes backfire .


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Question: A smoke bomb or smoke grenade is a bomb that produces a cloud of smoke . It can be used as a toy to make large clouds of colored smoke .

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Smoke grenades generally emit a far larger amount of smoke than smoke bombs that are sold as fireworks .

A portion of deliberately deteriorated gunpowder , of such low quality as to make it unusable in firearms , when placed in a heap and ignited , still managed to create a large explosion .


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Question: Armies also use smoke grenades to hide soldiers from the enemy . Smoke grenades can be used to mark a spot on the ground ( for example , a spot where you want a helicopter to land ) .

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Smoke grenades can also be used to signal aircraft .

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In Normandy , German snipers remained hidden in the dense vegetation and were able to encircle American units , firing at them from all sides . The American and British forces were surprised by how near the German snipers could safely come and attack them , as well as by their ability to hit targets at up to 1,000 m. A notable mistake made by the green American soldiers was to lie down and wait when targeted by German snipers , thus allowing the snipers to pick them off one after another .


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Question: Smoke bombs are used to hide positions and objects from sight behind a thick cloud of smoke . Armies also use smoke grenades to hide soldiers from the enemy .

Smoke grenades should not be confused with smoke bombs , which are typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin .

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Question: This category contains people who are from the US state of Massachusetts .

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This category contains a list of people from Massachusetts .

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This category is for articles pertaining to the history of the country of Georgia .


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Question: Norbert Nigbur ( born 8 May , 1948 ) is a former German football player .

Norbert Nigbur ( born 8 May 1948 in Gelsenkirchen , Germany ) is a former German international football player .

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Willi Koslowski ( born 17 February 1937 ) is a former German football player .


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Question: Camanche is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Camanche is a city in Clinton County , Iowa , United States on the Mississippi River .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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For instance you may be given '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', '15 years later , he and his siblings return to England , where they all appear as children again .']' and it should match with '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'After fifteen years in Narnia , he and his siblings return to England , where they all magically appear as children again .']' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'After several years , during which most of the other survivors had died and the only people left on the island were Conan and his grandfather , he meets a young girl named Lana , and their adventure begins .']'.

Question: An ideal gas is a gas with particular characteristics .

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The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types : The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas .

State quantities depend only on the thermodynamic state , and cumulative variation of such properties adds up to zero during a cycle .


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Question: A public toilet may or may not cost money to use .

A public toilet may or may not cost money to use ; for those that do , see `` pay toilet '' .

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Whilst the principal purpose of these services is not to carry people across the river , it may be possible to use them to do so .


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Question: Toilets that cost money are called `` pay toilets '' .

Advanced technology is being integrated into toilets with more functions , especially in Japan ( see Toilets in Japan ) . The biggest maker of these toilets is TOTO .

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One strange but famous theme restaurant in Berlin , Germany is called `` Das Klo '' ( German for `` The toilet '' ) it depicts the insides of a toilet .


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Question: These toilets are called `` portable toilets '' .

The Roman toilets were probably elevated to raise them above open sewers , rather than for sitting . Squat toilets are still used by the majority of the world 's population .

The village does n't have running water , but has electric power .


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Question: His nickname `` Schneckerl '' , Viennese dialect for curly hair , comes from his curly haircut in his younger years .

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His nickname `` Schneckerl '' , Viennese dialect for curly hair , derives from his curly haircut in his younger years .

Werner KrÃ mer ( 23 January 1940 â `` 12 February 2010 ) was a German football player , who is a household name to the West German football audience under his nickname Eia KrÃ mer . He was born in Duisburg , Germany .


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Question: Till 1980 he won with the team 4 Austrian league titles and 3 Austrian cup wins .

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By 1980 he had helped his club to win 4 Austrian league titles and 3 Austrian cup wins .

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Domestically they hold the best record of five titles in a row , having won the Portuguese Liga 24 times . Other titles won by the club include the Portuguese Cup 15 times and Portuguese Supercup 17 times ( 51 national titles ) .


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"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'Raymond Kopa ( born 13 October 1931 ) is a former French football player . He has played for France national team .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Raymond Kopa ( born Kopaszewski , on October 13 , 1931 in NÅ `` ux-les-Mines , Pas-de-Calais ) , is a former French football striker , integral to the French national team of the 1950s .']" != "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Fulvio Collovati ( born May 9 , 1957 ) is an Italian former footballer , who played defense .']"

Question: In Italy he won the championship with Inter and the cup with Roma .

In 1980 he joined Inter Milan , and won the Italian Cup in his second season with the nerazzurri . In 1982 he moved to AS Roma , where he won the Italian championship in his first year .

In sports , Crissiumal is known as `` the land of goalkeepers '' , because it was the home of several goalkeepers , the best of them being Taffarel , who played in the Brazilian sccer team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup , in Italy .


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Question: She sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York during the 1953 - a1954 season the role of Susanna in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro

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She made her Metropolitan Opera in New York debut in November 1953 as Susanna in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and appeared there for only one season ( 1953-54 ) , in five performances of the part of Susanna .

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One of the Estates Theatreâ s many claims to glory is its strong link with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , who conducted the world premiere of his opera Don Giovanni here in October 1787 .


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Question: Irmgard Seefried ( born KÃ ngetried , Bavaria , 9 October 1919 ; died Vienna , 24 November 1988 ) was a famous German soprano who sang opera and lieder .

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Irmgard Seefried ( 9 October 1919-24 November 1988 ) was a distinguished German soprano who sang opera and lieder .

Georg Franz Danzer ( October 7 , 1946 , Vienna â `` June 21 , 2007 , Asperhofen , Lower Austria ) was an Austrian singer-songwriter .


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Question: She is especially remembered for her singing of the music of Mozart and Richard Strauss , but she also sang in other composers ' operas ; the title role in Puccini 's Madama Butterfly , Marie in Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , Eva in Der Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg , Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues des CarmÃ lites , and the title role in JanÃ Ä ek 's KÃ Å a KabanovÃ .

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But she also sang in other composers ' operas ; the title role in Puccini 's Madama Butterfly , Marie in Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , Eva in Meistersinger , Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues des CarmÃ lites , and the title role in JanÃ Ä ek 's KÃ Å a KabanovÃ .

He made his Metropolitan Opera ( Met ) debut on December 17 , 2004 conducting KÃ Å a KabanovÃ , with Karita Mattila in the title role .


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Question: She studied at Augsburg University . Her first appearance in opera was in Aachen where she sang the role of the priestess in Verdi 's Aida in 1940 .

She studied at Augsburg University before making her debut in Aachen as the priestess in Verdi 's Aida in 1940 .

In 1928 , he made his stage debut in Ernst Krenek 's Jonny spielt auf in Paris , and in 1929 he sang for the first time in the United States in NoÃ `` l Coward 's Bitter Sweet .


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Question: She was a great lieder singer and several of her Salzburg Festival recitals were recorded .

She was also a noted lieder singer and a number of her Salzburg Festival recitals were recorded .

Claudio Abbado has performed and recorded a wide range of Romantic works , in particular Gustav Mahler whose symphonies he has recorded several times .


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Question: She left many recordings of oratorio and sacred music by Bach , Mozart , Haydn ( including at least four different performances of the Angel Gabriel in Die SchÃ pfung ) , Brahms , FaurÃ , Beethoven , DvoÅ Ã k , and Stravinsky .

She left many recordings of oratorio and sacred music by Bach , Mozart , Haydn ( including at least four different renditions of the Angel Gabriel in Die SchÃ pfung ) , Brahms , FaurÃ , Beethoven , DvoÅ Ã k , and Stravinsky .

In 1896 , Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert ( in Turin , with works by Schubert , Brahms , Tchaikovsky , and Wagner ) .


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Question: She often sang with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , who said in an interview that Seefried could do easily some things which other singers struggled all their lives to do .

She often sang with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , who said in interview that Seefried was naturally able to do effortlessly what other singers , including herself , worked all their lives to do .

Wunderlich was soon noted as a brilliant young tenor , especially in Mozartian roles , but he later expanded his reach to the full range of the lyric tenor repertoire . It was the fashion during Wunderlich 's career for German theaters to perform operas in the local rather than original language .


Question: Since then , she belonged to the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera until she retired in 1976 .

Since then , she belonged to the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera until her retirement in 1976 .

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In 1970 , he became Kapellmeister of the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig , serving in that post until 1996 .


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Question: She soon began to sing leading parts , and in 1943 she sang the part of Eva in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg at the Vienna State Opera conducted by Karl BÃ hm .

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For example, '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The purpose of using perfume or fragrance compositions in these industries is to affect customers through their sense of smell and entice them into purchasing the perfume or perfumed product .']' should be close to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Therefore perfume is developed to remove body smell . To make a perfume , alcohol is needed .']'

She began to sing the leading parts in 1942 by singing the part of Agathe in Weber 's Der FreischÃ 1\/4 tz in 1942 , and the next year she made her debut at Vienna State Opera by singing the part of Eva in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg conducted by Karl BÃ hm .

In 1919 cellist Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig GrÃ 1\/4 tzmacher ( 1866 â `` 1919 ) , the nephew of Friedrich Wilhelm GrÃ 1\/4 tzmacher , died , and Klengel recommended Feuermann for GrÃ 1\/4 tzmacher 's position at the GÃ 1\/4 rzenich Conservatory in Cologne . Feuermann also became principal cellist of the GÃ 1\/4 rzenich Orchestra , by appointment of its conductor ( who was also the conservatory director ) Hermann Abendroth .


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Question: Irmgard Seefried was born in KÃ ngetried , near Mindelheim , Bavaria , Germany .

Maria Theresia Irmgard Seefried was born in KÃ ngetried , near Mindelheim , Bavaria , Germany , the daughter of educated Austrian-born parents .

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Boehner was born Heinrich Boehner on February 17 , 1901 , in Lichtenau , Westphalia .


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Question: Although she was a high soprano , she performed , and recorded , both the trousers roles of the Composer in Strauss 's Ariadne auf Naxos and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier .

Although she was a high soprano , she performed , and recorded , both the trousers roles of the Composer and Octavian on Richard Strauss 's Ariadne auf Naxos and Der Rosenkavalier , respectively .

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Examples are Hansel in HÃ nsel und Gretel , Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier .


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Question: It has mercury and sulfate ions in it .

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It can be produced by a reaction of mercury ( I ) nitrate with a source of sulfate ions :

Using calcium chloride and potassium chloride the products contain calcium or potassium instead of sodium .


Question: Mercury ( I ) sulfate , also known as mercurous sulfate , is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is Hg2SO4 .

Mercury ( I ) sulfate , commonly called mercurous sulfate ( US ) or mercurous sulphate ( UK ) is the chemical compound Hg2SO4 .

Tin ( II ) fluoride , known by the common name stannous fluoride , is a chemical compound with the formula SnF2 .


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Question: The Lamborghini Jalpa is a sport car that was built by Lamborghini from 1981 to 1988 .

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The Lamborghini Jalpa was a sports car produced by the Italian automaker Lamborghini from 1981 to 1988 .

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The Fiat Tipo is a small family car designed by the IDEA design house and produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1988 and 1995 .


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Question: The production of the Jalpa ended in 1988 due to failing sales of the car .

In 1988 , after falling sales , the new owners , Chrysler , decided to end Jalpa production .

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The YB series of 1993 c engines are based on the older Pinto engine block , and were introduced in the road-going Ford Sierra RS Cosworth in 1986 with 204 P. With 5,000 units built for homologation purposes in Group A , both for rallies and touring cars .


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Question: The Jalpa was replaced by the Lamborghini Gallardo .

The Jalpa was a development of the earlier Silhouette . The Jalpa was intended to fill a role as a more `` affordable '' Lamborghini , being much less expensive than the Countach .

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In some other markets , namely North America , it was called the Hyundai XG .