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Question: Known as a strong defenceman who could help score goals , Bourdon represented Canada in three international tournaments , winning two gold medals at the IIHF World U20 Championship and a silver medal at the IIHF World U18 Championship .

Noted as a strong defenceman who could contribute on offence , Bourdon represented Canada in three international tournaments , winning two gold medals at the IIHF World U20 Championship and a silver medal at the IIHF World U18 Championship .

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He has played 57 games and scored nine goals for the Sweden national football team , and represented Sweden at two World Cups and the 2004 European Championship .


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Question: The Canucks drafted Bourdon with their first selection , the tenth overall selection , in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft .

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The Canucks drafted Bourdon with their first selection , tenth overall , in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft .

Emery was chosen 99th overall by the Senators in the 2001 NHL entry draft .


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Question: Luc Bourdon ( February 16 , 1987 â `` May 29 , 2008 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and their American Hockey League ( AHL ) partner , the Manitoba Moose , from 2006 until 2008 .

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Luc Bourdon ( February 16 , 1987 â `` May 29 , 2008 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and their American Hockey League ( AHL ) affiliate , the Manitoba Moose , from 2006 until 2008 .

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Rick Rypien ( born May 16 , 1984 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player with the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) within the Vancouver Canucks organization of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


Question: After having childhood arthritis , he was selected third overall in the 2003 Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ( QMJHL ) draft and played for the Val-d ` Or Foreurs , Moncton Wildcats , and Cape Breton Screaming Eagles , playing four seasons in the QMJHL .

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"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Postal codes in Germany , Postleitzahl ( plural Postleitzahlen , abbreviated to PLZ ; literally `` postal guidance number '' ) , consist of five digits , which indicate the wider area ( first two digits ) , and the postal district ( last three digits ) ."]" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Postal codes in Germany , ( PLZ ) ( plural Postleitzahlen , have five numbers . The first two show the wide area , the three other show the postal district .']"

After overcoming childhood arthritis , he was selected third overall in the 2003 Quebec Major Junior Hockey League ( QMJHL ) draft and played for the Val-d ` Or Foreurs , Moncton Wildcats , and Cape Breton Screaming Eagles , spending four seasons in the QMJHL .

Bill `` Goldie '' Harpo Goldthorpe ( b. June 20 , 1953 in Hornepayne , Ontario ) is a retired professional ice hockey left winger who played for 16 minor league teams between 1973 to 1984 , playing exhibition games with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Pittsburgh Penguins .


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Question: Singin ' in the Rain is a 1952 movie musical starring Gene Kelly . It was directed by Kelly and Stanley Donen .

Singin ' in the Rain is a 1952 American comedy musical film starring Gene Kelly , Debbie Reynolds , Donald O'Connor and Jean Hagen and directed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen , with Kelly also providing the choreography .

Monkey Business , a successful comedy directed by Howard Hawks starring Cary Grant and Ginger Rogers , was released in September and was the first movie in which Monroe appeared in with platinum blonde hair .


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Question: The Penguin is an enemy of Batman in DC Comics . He is played by Burgess Meredith in Batman : The Movie and by Danny DeVito in Batman Returns .

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The Penguin has appeared as a boss in several Batman video games , including Batman : The Caped Crusader , the various video game adaptations of the movie Batman Returns , Batman : The Animated Series and Adventures of Batman & Robin for the Super NES .

David Kaufman ( born July 23 , 1969 ) is an American voice-over artist and character actor , best-known for his recent roles as the voice of Danny Fenton on Danny Phantom , the voice of Maggie 's brother Aldrin on The Buzz on Maggie , and the voice of Marty McFly , Michael J. Fox 's animated character on Back to the Future : The Animated Series .


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Question: The effect made Definitely Maybe louder than other albums at the time .

The effect made Definitely Maybe louder than many other albums at the time .

Way has also said that his band patterns their career after that of The Smashing Pumpkins , another band they admire .


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Question: Morris continued working with Oasis for their next two albums ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ?

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He continued working with Oasis for their subsequent two albums ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ?

`` Do n't Look Back in Anger '' is a song by English rock band Oasis , released in 1996 as the fourth single from their hit second album ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ? .


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Question: and Be Here Now . Morris appears on the cover of ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ?

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Morris appears on the cover of ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ?

It contained two songs not previously available on general release and also a brand new remix of The track '' ( Get Off Your ) High Horse Lady '' From Oasis ' seventh studio album , Dig Out Your Soul .


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Question: In the early summer of 2006 he produced Hats Off to the Buskers , the debut album of The View through Columbia Records .

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In the early summer of 2006 he produced Hats Off to the Buskers , the debut album of Dundee band The View , released 22 January 2007 through Columbia Records 1965 Records label and reaching number 1 in the UK Albums Chart .

He has also been a second touring guitarist for The Loved Ones and was second guitarist on the instrumental band The Mag Seven 's album The Future Is Ours , If You Can Count .


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Question: Owen Morris is a music producer who has worked with rock bands like Oasis and The Verve .

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Owen Morris is a music producer who has worked with rock bands such as Oasis and The Verve .

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It was aimed at more mature music fans and recent headliners included the Beastie Boys , BjÃ rk and Franz Ferdinand .


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Question: He also produced The Verve album A Northern Soul , Ash 's 1977 and the debut United Kingdom album , For God 's Sake for the singer Sek Loso .

He also produced The Verve album A Northern Soul ( 1995 ) , Ash 's 1977 ( 1996 ) and the debut UK album , For God 's Sake for Thai rock star Sek Loso .

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Top 20 albums include Gossip , Under the Sun , Comedy , Songs from the South ( 1997 compilation , his best charting album ) , ... Nothing but a Dream and Stolen Apples .


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Question: He developed an engineering technique called `` Brick Walling '' on Definitely Maybe .

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He used an engineering technique called `` Brick Walling '' on Definitely Maybe .

Another feature to emerge from the dome was called the `` fin '' or `` slab . ''


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Question: Congrier is a commune of 1036 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

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Congrier is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .

Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: Congrier is a commune of 1036 people ( 1999 ) .

The inhabitants of de Congrier are called CongriÃ ens and their number in the 1999 population census was 1036 .

Fontainebleau , together with the neighbouring commune of Avon and three other smaller communes , form an urban area of 36,713 inhabitants ( according to the 1999 census ) .


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Question: It included the lands of the German Confederation north of the river Main , plus Prussia 's eastern territories and the Duchy of Schleswig . Austria , and the southern states of Bavaria , WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg , Baden and the southern parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse were not in the Confederation .

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Its territory comprised the parts of the German Confederation north of the river Main ( with the exception of Luxembourg ) , plus Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Prussia 's eastern territories and the Duchy of Schleswig , but excluded Austria , Bavaria , WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg , Baden , Luxembourg , Limburg , Liechtenstein and the southern parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse .

The present combined territory of the district and the city of OsnabrÃ 1\/4 ck is almost identical to the Prince-Bishopric of OsnabrÃ 1\/4 ck which existed until 1802 , when it was mediatised and assigned to the Electorate of Hanover .


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Question: Bavaria , WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg , and Baden ( together with parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which had not originally joined the federation ) , joined with the Federation to form the German Empire . William I became German Emperor he was not called the Emperor of Germany because it was thought that title could only be used if Austria was included .

Following the Confederation 's quick , decisive victory over the Second French Empire and the subsequently formed Third Republic in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871 , Bavaria , WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg , and Baden ( together with parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which had not originally joined the confederation ) , unified with the states of the Confederation to form the German Empire , with William I taking the new title of German Emperor ( rather than Emperor of Germany as Austria was not included ) .

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He committed himself to German unification , formed a liberal government , convened a national assembly , and ordered that a Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia be drawn up .


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Question: Writers for the show included Mel Brooks , Neil Simon , Danny Simon , Larry Gelbart , Mel Tolkin , and Carl Reiner who , though a cast member , always sat in with the writers .

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Writers for the show included Mel Brooks , Neil Simon , Danny Simon , Mel Tolkin , and Carl Reiner who , though a cast member , always sat in with the writers .

She was hired as a writer for SNL following a meeting with SNL creator Lorne Michaels , and moved to New York .


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Question: JosÃ Ferrer also appeared on the show sometimes , as a guest .

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JosÃ Ferrer made several guest appearances on the show .

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In time Lulu returns with another client , the Negro ( played by the singer who played the Painter , Lulu 's second husband ) .


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Question: Other people who appeared were Carl Reiner , Howard Morris , Nanette Fabray , Bill Hayes , Judy Johnson , The Hamilton Trio and the soprano Marguerite Piazza .

Other featured performers were Carl Reiner , Howard Morris , Nanette Fabray , Bill Hayes , Judy Johnson , The Hamilton Trio and the soprano Marguerite Piazza .

The show features Edwards and his co-hosts Bill Rolen , Winston Smith , Keith Alexander , and Eddie Miller , as well as producer Art Frith . Former staffers include Geoff Melton , Jess Bonds and co-founder Austin Farley .


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Question: He did , however , write for Caesar 's Hour , which ran from 1954 to 1957 .

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A common misconception is that Larry Gelbart wrote for Your Show of Shows ; he in fact wrote for its successor program , Caesar 's Hour , which ran from 1954 to 1957 .

After he hosted a 1968 summer replacement for television 's The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour variety show , Campbell hosted his own weekly variety show , The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour , from January 1969 through June 1972 .


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Question: Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6 , 1861 - September 30 , 1948 ) , was the second wife of Theodore Roosevelt , the President of the United States . She acted as the First Lady of the United States from 1901 to 1909 .

Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6 , 1861 â `` September 30 , 1948 ) was the second wife of Theodore Roosevelt and served as First Lady of the United States during his presidency from 1901 to 1909 .

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Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison ( July 25 , 1775 - February 25 , 1864 ) , wife of President William Henry Harrison and grandmother of President Benjamin Harrison , was nominally First Lady of the United States during her husband 's one-month term in 1841 , but she never entered the White House .


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Question: Chermizy-Ailles is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Chermizy-Ailles is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

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Fewshot example: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'According to the governments of the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia , there is no official or state religion of Kosovo .']" == "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'To the north and east of Kosovo is the rest of Serbia . To the south of Kosovo is the country Republic of Macedonia .']"

Brancourt-en-Laonnois is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Arthur Schopenhauer ( February 22 , 1788 â `` September 21 , 1860 ) was a German philosopher .

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Arthur Schopenhauer ( 22 February 1788 â `` 21 September 1860 ) was a German philosopher known for his pessimism and philosophical clarity .

Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen ( July 6 , 1818 â `` March 13 , 1879 ) was a German chess master .


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Question: Schopenhauer was a huge influence on Richard Wagner , Friedrich Nietzsche , Ludwig Wittgenstein , Thomas Mann , Sigmund Freud , Leo Tolstoy , Carl Jung and many other important artists and thinkers of the 20th Century .

Schopenhauer 's metaphysical analysis of will , his views on human motivation and desire , and his aphoristic writing style influenced many well-known thinkers including Friedrich Nietzsche , Richard Wagner , Ludwig Wittgenstein , Erwin SchrÃ dinger , Albert Einstein , Sigmund Freud , Otto Rank , Carl Gustav Jung , Leo Tolstoy , and Jorge Luis Borges .

Although Hugo 's many talents did not include exceptional musical ability , he nevertheless had a great impact on the music world through the inspiration that his works provided for composers of the 19th and 20th century .


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Question: Cone cells or simply cones special photoreceptor cells in the retina . They react to light and work best in relatively bright light .

Cone cells , or cones , are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision ; they function best in relatively bright light , as opposed to rod cells that work better in dim light .

As a color of low intensity , brown is a tertiary color : a mix of the three subtractive primary colors is brown if the cyan content is low . Brown exists as a color perception only in the presence of a brighter color contrast : yellow , orange , red , or rose objects are still perceived as such if the general illumination level is low , despite reflecting the same amount of red or orange light as a brown object would in normal lighting conditions .


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Question: Their reaction to stimuli is faster that of the rod cells . For this reason , they can perceive finer details , and more rapid changes in images .

They are also able to perceive finer detail and more rapid changes in images , because their response times to stimuli are faster than those of rods .

Third , for some color blind people , color can only be distinguished if there is a sufficient `` mass '' of color : thin lines might appear black while a thicker line of the same color can be perceived as having color .


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Question: Because humans usually have three kinds of cones , with different photopsins , which have different response curves , and thus respond to variation in color in different ways , they have trichromatic vision .

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Because humans usually have three kinds of cones with different photopsins , which have different response curves and thus respond to variation in color in different ways , they have trichromatic vision .

It is able to see as far away as 300 m , but because its retinas only contain cones , it is thought to have poor night vision .


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Question: It has a 5,390 kmÂ area watershed . About 1.2 million people live along its basin .

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"['', 'Other bus services use the Haymarket Bus Station , Haymarket\\/Causeway Lane or Humberstone Gate as their main city center stops .']" == "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Other bus services use the Haymarket Bus Station , Haymarket , St. Peter 's Lane , Causeway Lane and Humberstone Gate as its main city center stops ."]"

It has a 5,390 kmÂ area watershed , and about 1.2 million people live along its basin .

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The total area is 11.64 kmÂ , of which the Imperial Palace takes up 12 % .


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Question: It has a length of 234 kilometers . It is the second longest river in the TÅ hoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in Japan .

The Abukuma River , with a length of 234 km , is the second longest river in the TÅ hoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in Japan .

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The Senegal River , or SÃ nÃ gal Fleuve , considered a sweet water river , is a 1790 k long river in West Africa , that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania .


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Question: It rises from springs in the peaks of the Nasu Mountains . It collects water from tributaries leaving the Å u Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands ( é æ é é `` å ) .

It runs through Fukushima Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture , rising from springs in the peaks of the Nasu Mountains , collecting water from tributaries leaving the Å u Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands , then emptying into the Pacific Ocean as a major river .

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The freeway then runs along a viaduct through HÄ lawa Valley for about 6 m until it reaches the Tetsuo Harano Tunnels through the Ko ` olau Mountains .


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Question: Christian Panucci ( born 12 April 1973 ) is an Italian football player .

Christian Panucci ( born 12 April 1973 in Savona , Italy ) is a retired Italian footballer .

Mauro Tassotti ( born 19 January 1960 ) is a retired Italian footballer .


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Question: My Dying Bride is a British doom metal band from West Yorkshire . The band formed in 1990 .

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My Dying Bride are an English doom metal band formed in 1990 .

The Pigeon Detectives are an English band from Rothwell , West Yorkshire , who formed in 2004 .


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Question: Lido Anthony `` Lee '' Iacocca ( born October 15 , 1924 in Allentown , Pennsylvania , USA ) created the Ford Mustang in 1964 . He is best known for his time as chairman of the Chrysler Corporation .

Lido Anthony `` Lee '' Iacocca ( ; born October 15 , 1924 ) is an American businessman known for the unsuccessful Ford Pinto , being fired from Ford Motor Company , and his revival of the Chrysler Corporation in the 1980s .

Jeffrey Keith `` Jeff '' Skilling ( born November 25 , 1953 ) is the former president of Enron Corporation , headquartered in Houston , Texas .


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Question: jpg thumb ( 300x391 ) px right Loni Anderson ) ) Loni Anderson is an American actress best known for playing Jennifer Marlowe in the sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati .

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Loni Kaye Anderson ( born August 5 , 1945 ) is an American actress who played the role of Jennifer Marlowe on the television sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati .

The voices of Kelly Generic ( Bobby 's sister ) and Martha Generic ( Bobby 's mom ) are based on two recurring characters Gail Matthius played when she was a cast member on Saturday Night Live in 1980 .


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Question: Wismar is a small town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea , in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , about 45 km due east of LÃ 1\/4 beck , and 30 km due north of Schwerin .

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Wismar is a small port and Hanseatic League town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea , in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , about 45 km due east of LÃ 1\/4 beck , and 30 km due north of Schwerin .

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Situated on the scenic German Framework Road , Nienburg lies on the river Weser , approximately 55 k southeast of Bremen , and 45 k northwest of Hanover .


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Question: In the spring of 1970 , Camille was retired .

On June 17 , 1977 , Biden and Jacobs married .


Question: represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length The provided query could be '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Hegemone belongs to the PasiphaÃ `` group , non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22,800,000 and 24,100,000 km , and with inclinations ranging between 144.5 Â and 158.3 Â .']' and the positive '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Hegemone belongs to the PasiphaÃ `` group , irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 Gm , and with inclinations ranging between 144.5 Â and 158.3 Â .']' and the negative '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', "Fenrir is about 4 kilometres in diameter , and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,454 Mm in 1260 days , at an inclination of 163 Â to the ecliptic ( 143 Â to Saturn 's equator ) with an eccentricity of 0.136 ."]'

Question: The 1969 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 1969 and ended on November 30 , 1969 .

The 1969 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 1969 , and lasted until November 30 , 1969 .

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The 1950s was the decade that began on January 1 , 1950 and ended on December 31 , 1959 .


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Question: Flowering plants ( also called Angiosperms ) are a familiar form of land plants .

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The flowering plants ( angiosperms ) , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta , are the most diverse group of land plants .

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The green algae ( singular : green alga ) are the large group of algae from which the embryophytes ( higher plants ) emerged .


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Question: Together with the gymnosperms they make up the seed plants . They are different from the gymnosperms because angiosperms bear flowers and gymnosperms do not bear flowers .

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For example, ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Originally featuring Pepsi products via fountain machines , Tim Hortons made the change in the mid-1990s to Coca-Cola products in bottle-only form . Tim Hortons switched back to Pepsi in 2007 , but continued to market only bottled and canned Pepsi products .'] should be similar to ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The company used to sell Coca-Cola products but Tim Hortons switched over to Pepsi in 2007 .']

Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies ( derived characteristics ) .

Regardless of the exact classification of charophyceans , the consensus among botanists is that they are the organisms most closely related to embryophytes ( land plants ) .


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Question: It is the first part in the Indiana Jones series .

It is the first film in the Indiana Jones franchise ; and it pits Indiana Jones ( Ford ) against the Nazis , who search for the Ark of the Covenant , because Adolf Hitler believes it will make their army invincible .

It also has the exclusive United States ' publishing rights to the Harry Potter book series .


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Question: The movie has three sequels , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( 1989 ) , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ( 2008 ) .

The film 's critical and popular success led to three additional films , Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ( 1984 ) , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade ( 1989 ) , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ( 2008 ) , a television series , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles ( 1992 â `` 1996 ) , and 15 video games as of 2009 .

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Wagner played Dr. Evil 's henchman Number 2 in all three films : Austin Powers : International Man of Mystery ( 1997 ) , Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me ( 1999 ) and Austin Powers in Goldmember ( 2002 ) .


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Question: Raiders of the Lost Ark , also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark , is an adventure film that came out in 1981 from Paramount Pictures . The film was directed by Steven Spielberg , and produced by George Lucas .

Raiders of the Lost Ark ( also known as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark ) is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg , produced by George Lucas , and starring Harrison Ford .

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The novel first appeared as a two-part series in Rolling Stone magazine in 1971 , was printed as a book in 1972 , and was later adapted into a film of the same name in 1998 starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro .


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Question: Shorter wavelength radars allowed the finding of smaller objects .

Shorter wavelength radars allowed detection of smaller objects .

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Observations have revealed that it is spherical , unlike the irregular shapes of smaller bodies with lower gravity .


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Question: The small cavity magnetron tube made the size of radar sets much smaller so that they could be put into in aircraft and ships used to find submarines .

The compact cavity magnetron tube drastically reduced the size of radar sets so that they could be installed in anti-submarine aircraft and escort ships .

The necessities for the gun are not only extreme power , since in that case the 50BMG or 20 mm cannons would be the order of the day , but that it can be carried for long periods , shot from any position or angle , and be well balanced enough to track on rapidly moving animals .


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Question: The ` resonant ' cavity magnetron type of the earlier magnetron tube was invented by John Randall and Harry Boot in 1940 .

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The ` resonant ' cavity magnetron variant of the earlier magnetron tube was invented by Randall and Boot in 1940 .

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Using pairs of coils wound on a common iron core , his design , called an induction coil , was an early transformer .


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Question: The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that makes microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field .

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The cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field .

Although electrostatic accelerators accelerate particles along a straight line , the term linear accelerator is more often associated with accelerators that use oscillating rather than static electric fields .


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Question: Eynesse is a commune .

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Eynesse is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .

Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


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Question: Metzerlen-Mariastein is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .

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Metzerlen-Mariastein is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .

Hochwald is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland .


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Question: Fresnicourt-le-Dolmen is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Fresnicourt-le-Dolmen is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: JÃ nos Bolyai ( December 15 , 1802 â `` January 27 , 1860 ) was a Hungarian mathematician , known for his work in non-Euclidean geometry .

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JÃ nos Bolyai ( pronounced ) ( December 15 , 1802 â `` January 27 , 1860 ) was a Hungarian mathematician , known for his work in non-Euclidean geometry .

AndrÃ - Marie AmpÃ re ( 20 January 1775 â `` 10 June 1836 ) was a French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism .


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Question: The Armenian Revolutionary Army ( ARA ) was a paramilitary organization .

The Armenian Revolutionary Army ( ARA ) was a paramilitary organization , thought to be renamed from the group `` Justice Commandos against Armenian Genocide '' .

The Northern Light Infantry which was a paramilitary force until 1999 , is now part of the Pakistan Army .


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Question: Cauvignac is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

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Cauvignac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .

Saint-Pey-d ` Armens is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


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Question: Vitaly Aleksandrovich Petrov ( born September 8 , 1984 in Vyborg ) is a Russian Formula One driver for the Renault F1 team .

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Vitaly Aleksandrovich Petrov ( , born September 8 , 1984 in Vyborg ) is a Russian Formula One racing driver , currently driving for the Lotus Renault GP team .

Christian Klien ( born 7 February 1983 ) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver .


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Question: Heuringhem is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Heuringhem is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Pernes ( or Pernes-en-Artois ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Jasper is the county seat of Dubois County .

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The city has been the county seat of Dubois County since 1830 , succeeding Portersville . In 1970 , the school system of Ireland , a hamlet west of Jasper along State Route 56 , was consolidated into that of Jasper ( http://www.irelandindiana.com/ ) .

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Trenton is the county seat of Gilchrist County .


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Question: Jasper is a city of Dubois County in the state of Indiana , United States .

Jasper is a city in Dubois County , Indiana , United States .

Sumner is a city in Lawrence County , Illinois , United States .


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Question: Skew lines are straight lines that are neither parallel nor intersecting .

Similarly , in 3D space a very small perturbation of two parallel or intersecting lines will almost certainly turn them into skew lines . In this sense , skew lines are the `` usual '' case , and parallel or intersecting lines are special cases .

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More precisely , if a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal , then they are right angles .


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Question: Skew lines are straight lines that are neither parallel nor intersecting . Such lines can not be in the same plane and hence exist only in at least three-dimensional geometry .

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In solid geometry , skew lines are two lines that do not intersect and are not parallel .

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Orthographic projection ( or orthogonal projection ) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions . It is a form of parallel projection , where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane , resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface .


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Question: `` Viva la Vida '' is a song by the English band Coldplay from their album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends .

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`` Viva la Vida '' , is a song by the English alternative rock band Coldplay . It was written by all members of the band for their fourth album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends ( 2008 ) , and was released as its lead single .

`` Welcome to the Black Parade '' ( also going by the shortened title The Black Parade and originally titled `` The Five of Us are Dying '' ) is the first single and fifth track from My Chemical Romance 's third studio album , The Black Parade .


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Question: `` Viva la Vida '' is a song by the English band Coldplay from their album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends . The album was released on 7 May 2008 .

`` Viva la Vida '' was initially released only with iTunes Store pre-orders of Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends on 7 May 2008 â `` the `` new edit '' version of the song â `` which led to the song 's temporary exclusion from the UK Singles Chart .

`` Prayer of the Refugee '' is the second single from Rise Against 's album The Sufferer and The Witness , and was released worldwide in 2006 .


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Question: Coldplay sung the song on The Simpsons episode , `` Million Dollar Maybe '' .

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Coldplay performed some of the song live in The Simpsons episode `` Million Dollar Maybe '' .

She performed `` Holly Jolly Christmas '' for the `` Schools Out Christmas '' album , and sang `` Tossin & Turnin '' in the Oliver Beene episode `` Oliver & Others . ''


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Question: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was a football sporting event that was held in Korea Republic and Japan from May 31 to June 30 , 2002 .

The 2002 FIFA World Cup was the 17th staging of the FIFA World Cup , held in Republic of Korea and Japan from 31 May to 30 June .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The court of Charles VII was shrewd and skeptical on the subject of mental health .']" should be close to "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Actually , the court of Charles VII was very careful about mental health .']"

The season officially began on June 1 , 1973 , and lasted until November 30 , 1973 .


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Question: When over 300 adults were asked how often they cried , they found out that men cry once in every month , and women cry five or more times per month .

According to a study of over 300 adults , on average men cry once every month ; women cry at least five times per month , especially before and during the menstrual cycle when crying can increase up to 5 times the normal rate , often without obvious reasons ( such as depression or sadness ) .

Several studies have concluded that many or most people experience sleep paralysis at least once or twice in their lives .


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Question: It was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and is now defined as IETF STD 8 , which is one of the first Internet standards .

Telnet was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 , extended in RFC 854 , and standardized as Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) Internet Standard STD 8 , one of the first Internet standards .

IPsec is officially specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) in a series of Request for Comment documents addressing various components and extensions . It specifies the spelling of the protocol name to be IPsec .


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Question: Apalachicola is a city of Florida in the United States .

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Apalachicola is located in the northwest part of the state , at , on Apalachicola Bay and at the mouth of the Apalachicola river .

Crescent City is a city in Putnam County , Florida , United States .


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Question: Exline is a city of Iowa in the United States .

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Exline is a city in Appanoose County , Iowa , United States .

Pleasant Grove is a city of Jefferson County , Alabama .


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Question: `` Empire State of Mind '' is a song by Jay-Z and Alicia Keys .

`` Empire State of Mind '' is a song performed by American rapper and hip hop artist Jay-Z , featuring vocals from R&B and soul singer Alicia Keys .

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`` I Got That '' is a single by rapper Amil featuring BeyoncÃ Knowles of Destiny 's Child .


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Question: It was released as the third single from Jay-Z 's 11th music album The Blueprint 3 ( 2009 ) .

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E.g. ['Represent', 'Holy Saturday is the day after Good Friday .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Holy Saturday ( from the Latin : Sabbatum Sanctum ) is the day after Good Friday .']

The song was released as the third single from Jay-Z 's 11th studio album The Blueprint 3 ( 2009 ) , from his Roc Nation label in October 2009 .

`` Wo n't Go Home Without You '' is the third single released from Maroon 5 's second album , It Wo n't Be Soon Before Long ( 2007 ) .


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Question: The song is about New York City , and has a music sample of `` Love on a Two-Way Street '' ( 1970 ) by The Moments .

The song is an anthemic ode to both artists ' native New York , and features a music sample of `` Love on a Two-Way Street '' ( 1970 ) by The Moments .

It contained the hit singles `` Livin ' Thing '' , `` Telephone Line '' , `` Rockaria ! '' and `` Do Ya '' , a rerecording of a Move song .


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Question: LÃ vigny is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

LÃ vigny is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .

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CrÃ santignes is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


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Question: Koyukuk is a city in Alaska .

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Brevig Mission is a city in Nome Census Area , Alaska .


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Question: The Metropolitan Opera Association is a big organization in New York City which puts on performances of opera . The Metropolitan Opera House ( often simply called : The Met ) is one of the most famous opera houses in the world .

The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City , founded April 28 , 1880 , is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera .

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', "In 1916 , for example , Gilbert N. Lewis stated , in his famous article The Atom and the Molecule , that `` the atom is composed of the kernel and an outer atom or shell ''"]" Match: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In 1916 , for example , Gilbert N. Lewis wrote , in his famous article The Atom and the Molecule , that â the atom is composed of the kernel and an outer atom or shellâ .']"

The Royal Ballet was one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century , and continues to be one of the world 's most famous ballet companies to this day .


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Question: Today the music director is James Levine .

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The current managing director is Julian Drury .


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Question: The Metropolitan Opera Association is a big organization in New York City which puts on performances of opera .

The Metropolitan Opera is America 's largest classical music organization , and annually presents some 220 opera performances .

The season of colorful Russian ballets and operas , works mostly new to the West , was a great success .


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Question: The Metropolitan Opera House ( often simply called : The Met ) is one of the most famous opera houses in the world .

The home of the company , the Metropolitan Opera House , is considered by many to be one of the premier opera stages in the world , and is among the largest in the world .

The park , which receives approximately thirty-five million visitors annually , is the most visited urban park in the United States .


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Question: Mont-de-Marsan is a commune and prefecture of the Landes department in Aquitaine in southwestern France .

Mont-de-Marsan is a commune and capital of the Landes department in Aquitaine in southwestern France .

Pessac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


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Question: The blood orange is a variety of orange ( Citrus sinensis ) with crimson ( blood-colored ) interior flesh and an outer surface ( skin ) that is colored orange-red .

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The provided query could be "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The two lacked the strong bond Lincoln had with his sons Willie and Tad , but Robert deeply admired his father and wept openly at his deathbed .']" and the positive "['Represent the following document', 'He wept openly at his deathbed .']"

The blood orange is a variety of orange ( Citrus sinensis ) with crimson , blood-colored flesh .

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The Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ) is a citrus species with a globose fruit , 2.5 â `` 5 cm in diameter ( 1 â `` 2 in ) , that is yellow when ripe but usually picked green commercially . It is smaller , seedier , has a higher acidity , a stronger aroma , and a thinner rind than that of the Persian lime ( Citrus x latifolia ) .


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Question: The fruit is smaller than an average orange ; its skin is usually pitted , but it may be smooth .

The fruit is smaller than an average orange ; its skin is usually pitted , but can be smooth .

Sometimes known also as Texas Red or White , the plants are similar to Valencia types , except that the stems are green to greenish brown , and the pods are rough , irregular , and have a smaller proportion of kernels .


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Question: For example , there are guard dogs , hunting dogs , herding dogs , and guide dogs for blind people .

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Service dogs such as guide dogs , utility dogs , assistance dogs , hearing dogs , and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities .

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Folds receive high marks for playfulness , affection , and grooming , and are often intelligent , loyal , softspoken , and adaptable to home situations , people and children .


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Question: Sometimes people also use `` dog '' to describe other canids , such as wolves .

A few animals have `` dog '' in their common names but are not canids , such as the prairie dog .

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However they seem to be relatively slow `` thinkers '' , which is not surprising , as their brains are vastly smaller than those of mammalian predators .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

Fewshots:
'['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Ryota Aoki ( born 19 August 1984 ) is a Japanese football player .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Ryota Aoki is a Japanese footballer .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Kim Do-Keun ( born 2 March 1972 ) is a South Korean football player .']'

Question: Dogs have jobs such as police dog , army dog , seeing eye dog , fire dog , messenger dog , and much more .

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Some members of the family have `` dog '' in their common names , such as the raccoon dog and the African wild dog . A few animals have `` dog '' in their common names but are not canids , such as the prairie dog .

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Some untrained dogs may help their owners , although there are also reports of dogs that have reacted aggressively or even died as a result of witnessing or anticipating their owner 's seizure .


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Question: The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ) is a mammal from the family Canidae .

Dog is the common use term that refers to members of the subspecies Canis lupus familiaris ( canis , `` dog '' ; lupus , `` wolf '' ; familiaris , `` of a household '' or `` domestic '' ) .

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The caracal , despite sometimes being called Persian lynx or African lynx , does not belong to this genus .


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Question: The common name , shared with the related genus Catharanthus , is Periwinkle .

The English name periwinkle is shared with the related genus Catharanthus ( and also with the common seashore mollusc , Littorina littorea ) .

Sarcostemma clausum , also known as White Vine , is a species of plant .


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Question: Vinca ( from Latin vincire `` to bind , fetter '' ) is a genus of 1000000000000 species in the family Apocynaceae , it also grows on marz and pluto .

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For example, ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'When Wulff took office , Lower Saxony faced a severe budget crisis , resulting from years of public deficits .'] should be similar to ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'When Wulff took office , Lower Saxony faced a severe budget crisis . It was the result from years of public deficits .']

Vinca is a genus of six species in the family Apocynaceae , native to Europe , northwest Africa and southwest Asia . The name is , deriving from Latin vincire : `` to bind , fetter '' .

Approximately 80 species of plants bear Banks 's name .


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Question: Les CroÃ '' tes is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

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Les CroÃ '' tes is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .

Gumery is a commune in the Aube dÃ partement in north-central France .


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Question: Chess is a board game for two players . It is played on a square board , made of 64 smaller squares , with eight squares on each side .

Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard , a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid .

In algebraic notation , the white rooks start on the a1 and h1 squares , while the black rooks start on the a8 and h8 squares .


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Question: The letter P showing a pawn is not used , so that e4 means `` pawn moves to the square e4 '' .

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The letter P indicating a pawn is not used , so that e4 means `` pawn moves to the square e4 '' .

Abbreviated ( or short ) algebraic notation generally records moves in the format `` abbreviation of the piece moved â `` file where it moved â `` rank where it moved . ''


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Question: This is altogether 64 squares . The colors of the squares are laid out in a checker ( chequer ) pattern in light and dark squares .

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The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate and are referred to as `` light squares '' and `` dark squares '' .

From the bottom up the colors are : green , yellow , black , red and blue ; the same colors that appear in the rings on the Olympic flag .


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Question: In some opening lines , the sequence thought best for both sides has been worked out to 20 â `` 30 moves , but most players avoid such lines .

In some opening lines , the exact sequence considered best for both sides has been worked out to more than 30 moves .

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( Persian for `` the king is helpless '' â `` see checkmate ) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack ; these exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands thereafter .


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Question: A move which places the opponent 's king in check normally has the notation '' + '' added .

A move that places the opponent 's king in check usually has the notation '' + '' added .

A pawn which has no friendly pawns in adjacent files is an isolated pawn .


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Question: The goal of the game is for each player to try and checkmate the king of the opponent . Checkmate is a threat ( ` check ' ) to the opposing king which no move can stop .

The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent 's king , whereby the king is under immediate attack ( in `` check '' ) and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack on the next move .

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For example , if the black pawn has just advanced two squares from g7 to g5 , then the white pawn on f5 can take it via en passant on g6 ( but only on white 's next move ) .


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Question: There are three main strategic differences between earlier parts of the game and endgame :

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There are three main strategic differences between earlier stages of the game and endgame :

However , Moakes said on the group 's official Internet forum that it was more a merging of the eastern `` Blocs '' and the western `` parties '' , in the political sense .


Question: The moves of a chess game are written down by using a special chess notation .

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To give you a sense - "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', "Ford Motor Company eventually decided on the name `` Edsel '' , in honor of Edsel B. Ford , son of the company 's founder , Henry Ford ."]" should be close to "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "It was named after Henry Ford 's son , Edsel Ford ."]"

Chess games and positions are recorded using a special notation , most often algebraic chess notation .

Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols , they are generally referred to as barcodes as well .


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Question: Each player starts with sixteen pieces : eight pawns , two knights , two bishops , two rooks , and one king and queen .

Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces : one king , one queen , two rooks , two knights , two bishops , and eight pawns .

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Teams consist of fifteen players ( a goalkeeper , two corner backs , a full back , two wing backs , a center back , two mid fielders , two wing forwards , a center forward , two corner forwards and a full forward ) plus up to fifteen substitutes , of which five may be used .


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Question: The rules are written and explained in the section Laws of Chess . FIDE also give rules and guidelines for chess tournaments .

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Along with information on official chess tournaments , the rules are described in the FIDE Handbook , Laws of Chess section .

These categories are further broken down into classifications , which vary from sport to sport .


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Question: When a pawn makes a capture , the file from which the pawn left is used in place of a piece initial .

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "Lincoln received formal notice of his invitation to participate only seventeen days before the ceremony , whereas Everett had been invited 40 days earlier : `` Although there is some evidence Lincoln expected Wills 's letter , its late date makes the author appear presumptuous ... Seventeen days was extraordinarily short notice for presidential participation even by nineteenth-century standards . ''"]" Match: "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Lincoln was officially asked to join only 17 days before the ceremony , while Everett had received his invitation 40 days earlier . `` Although there is some evidence Lincoln expected Wills 's letter , its late date makes the author ( writer ) appear days was extraordinarily ( remarkably ) short notice for presidential participation even by nineteenth-century standards '' ."]"

When a pawn makes a capture , the file from which the pawn departed is used in place of a piece initial , and ranks may be omitted if unambiguous .

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The knight is the only piece that can be in position to attack a king , queen , bishop , or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that piece .


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Question: The endgame ( or end game or ending ) is the part of the game when there are few pieces left on the board .

The endgame ( or end game or ending ) is the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board .

Instead , a player will normally try to castle and seek safety on the edge of the board behind friendly pawns .


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Question: En passant ( ` in passing ' in French ) is a special capture . It is only available when a pawn moves forward two squares past an opposing pawn on an adjacent file .

When a pawn advances two squares and there is an opponent 's pawn on an adjacent file next to its destination square , then the opponent 's pawn can capture it en passant ( in passing ) , and move to the square the pawn passed over .

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Although both players start with one queen each , a player can promote a pawn to any of several types of pieces including a queen when the pawn is moved to the player 's furthest rank , which is the opponents first rank .


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Question: The rules of chess are made by the World Chess Federation , which is known by the initials FIDE , meaning FÃ dÃ ration Internationale des Ã checs . The rules are written and explained in the section Laws of Chess .

Most countries have a national chess organization as well ( such as the US Chess Federation and English Chess Federation ) which in turn is a member of FIDE .

In 1979 , the Commission Sportive Internationale , an organization subordinate to the FIA which was at that time the rule-making body for Formula One , was dissolved and replaced by the FÃ dÃ ration Internationale du Sport Automobile , or FISA , which would serve the same function .


Question: For example , Qg5 means `` queen moves to the g-file and 5th rank '' ( that is , to the square g5 ) .

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E.g.:
['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Otherwise , it can be scooped directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .'] == ['', 'Otherwise , it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl .']

For example , Qg5 means `` queen moves to the g-file and 5th rank ( that is , to the square g5 ) .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length

Example:
Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest , and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest .']" Match: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "When a child is sexually abused by a family member , it is called `` incest , '' and causes even more serious long-term psychological trauma , especially when the incest is done by a parent ."]"

Like other pieces , it captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands .


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The provided query could be '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'He also saw that the Chinese sage kings were not only concerned with morality , but also with government itself .']' and the positive '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.', 'Moreover , he saw the ancient Chinese sage-kings as concerned not only with morality but also with government itself .']' and the negative '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Sorai went back to the ancient works for more reliable knowledge , stating `` The ultimate form of scholarly knowledge is history . ''"]'

Question: Example : Bxf3 means `` bishop captures on f3 '' .

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Thus Bxf3 means `` bishop captures on f3 '' .

Abbreviated ( or short ) algebraic notation generally records moves in the format `` abbreviation of the piece moved â `` file where it moved â `` rank where it moved . ''


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Question: If the piece makes a capture , `` x '' is written before the square in which the capturing piece lands on .

If the piece makes a capture , `` x '' is inserted before the destination square .

A pawn which has no friendly pawns in adjacent files is an isolated pawn .


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Question: A middlegame position has a structure .

The middlegame is the part of the game which starts after the opening . There is no clear line between the opening and the middlegame , but typically the middlegame will start when most pieces have been developed .

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In the tenth game , Lasker as White played a position with an isolated queen pawn but failed to create the necessary activity and Capablanca reached a superior ending , which he duly won .


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Question: If a pawn moves to its eighth rank , getting a promotion , the piece chosen is written after the move , for example e1Q or e1 = Q. Castling is written by the special notations 0-0 for kingside castling and 0-0-0 for queenside .

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If a pawn moves to its last rank , achieving promotion , the piece chosen is indicated after the move , for example e1Q or e1 = Q. Castling is indicated by the special notations 0 â `` 0 for kingside castling and 0 â `` 0 â `` 0 for queenside castling .


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Question: For example , if the black pawn has just moved up two squares from g7 to g5 , then the white pawn on f5 can take it by en passant on g6 .

For example , if the black pawn has just advanced two squares from g7 to g5 , then the white pawn on f5 can take it via en passant on g6 ( but only on white 's next move ) .

A player who performs a forbidden castling must return the king and the rook to their original places and then move the king , if there is another legal king move , including castling on the other side .


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Question: Recognized patterns of opening moves are openings and have been given names such as the Ruy Lopez or Sicilian Defense .

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Recognized sequences of opening moves are referred to as openings and have been given names such as the Ruy Lopez or Sicilian Defense .

He originated the Rubinstein System against the Tarrasch Defense variation of the Queen 's Gambit Declined : 1 .


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Question: The first moves of a chess game are called the opening . A chess opening is a name given to a series of opening moves .

A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a game ( the `` opening moves '' ) .

The endgame ( or end game or ending ) is the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board .


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Question: Endgames can be studied according to the type of pieces that remain on board .

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Endgames can be classified according to the type of pieces that remain on board .

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Question: For example , king and pawn endgames have only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns .

For example , king and pawn endgames involve only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns .

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Castling is a special move in the game of chess involving the king and either of the original rooks of the same color .


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Question: If a piece lands on an opponent 's piece , the opposing piece is taken off the board .

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Each chess piece has its own style of moving . In the diagrams , the dots mark the squares where the piece can move if no other pieces ( including one 's own piece ) are on the squares between the piece 's initial position and its destination .

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Each player then has to divide his cards into three poker hands ( known as `` setting '' ) : two containing five cards each ( known as `` the middle '' and `` the back '' ) , and one containing three cards ( `` the front '' ) ; the back must be the highest ranking hand , and the front , the lowest ranking hand ( note that straights and flushes do not count in the three card hand ) . The back hand is placed face down on the table in front of the player , then the middle hand is placed face down in front of the back hand , and the front hand is placed face down in front of the middle hand .


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Question: Chess is played on a square board divided into eight rows of squares called ranks and eight columns called files , with a dark square in each player 's lower left corner .

Chess is played on a square board of eight rows ( called ranks and denoted with numbers 1 to 8 ) and eight columns ( called files and denoted with letters a to h ) of squares .

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['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Altdorf was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'Altdorf is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland .']

The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate and are referred to as `` light squares '' and `` dark squares '' .


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Question: Once in every game , each king can make a special move , known as castling .

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Once in every game , each king is allowed to make a special move , known as castling .

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If a mal lands on a station occupied by the opponent 's team , the opponent 's mal is removed from the course and returned to the starting position , and the current player is allowed to cast again .


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Question: Other endings are studied according to the pieces on board other than kings , e.g. rook and pawn versus rook endgame .

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Other more complicated endings are classified according to the pieces on board other than kings , such as the `` rook and pawn versus rook endgame '' .

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In algebraic notation the starting squares are c1 and f1 for White 's bishops , and c8 and f8 for Black 's bishops .


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Question: At the end of the game , 1-0 means `` White won '' , 0-1 means `` Black won '' and Â 1\/2 - Â 1\/2 is a draw .

At the end of the game , `` 1 â `` 0 '' means `` White won , '' `` 0 â `` 1 '' means `` Black won , '' and '' Â 1\/2 â `` Â 1\/2 '' indicates a draw .

The match was played at Havana in 1889 , but he lost 10 Â 1\/2 â `` 6 Â 1\/2 ( +6 -10 = 1 ) . A second match was played also at Havana in 1892 , but he still lost 12 Â 1\/2 â `` 10 Â 1\/2 ( +8 -10 = 5 ) .


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Question: The FIDE rules for competitive chess include all the above rules , plus several others .

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The official rules of chess are maintained by the World Chess Federation . Along with information on official chess tournaments , the rules are described in the FIDE Handbook , Laws of Chess section .

These categories are further broken down into classifications , which vary from sport to sport .


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Question: They are listed in reference works such as the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings .

They are catalogued in reference works such as the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings .

Several other encyclopaedias competed throughout this period , among them editions of Rees 's Cyclopaedia and Coleridge 's Encyclopaedia Metropolitana .


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Question: For example : exd5 means `` pawn captures on d5 . ''

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For example , exd5 ( pawn on the e-file captures the piece on d5 ) or exd ( pawn on e-file captures something on the d-file ) .

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Abbreviated ( or short ) algebraic notation generally records moves in the format `` abbreviation of the piece moved â `` file where it moved â `` rank where it moved . ''


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Question: When a pawn moves to its eighth rank , it must be changed for a piece : a queen , rook , bishop , or knight of the same color ( player 's choice ) .

When a pawn advances to the eighth rank , as a part of the move it is promoted and must be exchanged for the player 's choice of queen , rook , bishop , or knight of the same color .

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A pawn which has no friendly pawns in adjacent files is an isolated pawn .


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Question: If there are two pieces of the same type that can move to the same square , one more letter or number is added to show the file or rank from which the piece moved , e.g. Ngf3 means `` knight from the g-file moves to the square f3 '' .

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If there are two pieces of the same type that can move to the same square , one more letter or number is added to indicate the file or rank from which the piece moved , e.g. Ngf3 means `` knight from the g-file moves to the square f3 '' .

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Castling consists of moving the king two squares on its first rank toward either one of the original rooks , then moving the rook onto the square over which the king crossed .


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Question: In algebraic notation , each square has one and only one name ( whether you are looking from White 's side of the board or Black 's ) . Here , moves are written in the format of : initial of piece moved â `` file where it moved â `` rank where it moved .

Abbreviated ( or short ) algebraic notation generally records moves in the format `` abbreviation of the piece moved â `` file where it moved â `` rank where it moved . ''


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Question: If a move is made which attacks the opposing king , that king is said to be ` in check ' . The player whose king is checked must make a move to remove the check .

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It is illegal for a player to make a move that would put or leave his own king in check .


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Question: A tributary of a river is another river that flows into it .

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A tributary or affluent is a stream or river which flows into a main stem ( or parent ) river or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean .

The last section has less gradient , and the river meanders before entering the Dead Sea , about 422 metres below sea level , which has no outlet .


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Question: The opposite of a tributary is a distributary , a river that branches off from the main flow of water .

Reciprocal to a tributary is a distributary , a river that branches off of and flows away from the main stream .

Passes are often found just above the source of a river , constituting a sort of `` bridge '' over to the headwaters of a different river .


Question: He is said to be the first person to use the expression `` rock and roll '' to describe rhythm and blues music . Alan Freed was one of the first to play rock and roll music on his radio show , and he organized the first rock and roll concert in Cleveland in 1952 .

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Rock and roll ( often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll ) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s , primarily from a combination of the blues , country music , jazz and gospel music .

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The `` rockumentary , '' as producers Bill Drake and Gene Chenault called it , featured hundreds of interviews and comments from numerous rock artists and people involved with rock and roll .


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Question: Rock and roll is a form of rock music developed in the 1950s and 1960s .

Rock and roll ( often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll ) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s , primarily from a combination of the blues , country music , jazz and gospel music . Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in country records of the 1930s , and in blues records from the 1920s , rock and roll did not acquire its name until the 1950s .

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Post-disco ( club music or dance ) is the significant period in popular music history that followed the commercial `` death '' of disco music that emerged during late 1970s and early 1980s .


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Question: Bill Haley and his Comets recorded `` Rock Around the Clock '' in 1954 .

Three months earlier , on April 12 , 1954 , Bill Haley & His Comets recorded `` Rock Around the Clock '' .

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Their latest single , `` I Would n't Be Like This If You Were Here '' , was released on December 8 , 2008 .


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Question: The Dragunov sniper rifle is an sniper rifle that was originally developed by Soviet Union .

The Dragunov sniper rifle ( formally , Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova ( SVD ) , literally `` Dragunov 's sniper rifle '' ) is a semi-automatic sniper rifle\/designated marksman rifle chambered in 7.62 x54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union .

The assault rifle , a late war development incorporating many features of the rifle and submachine gun , became the standard postwar infantry weapon for most armed forces .


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Question: 2 Pallas is the second asteroid discovered in the solar system . It was discovered by Heinrich Wilhelm MatthÃ us Olbers on March 28 , 1802 .

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Pallas , formally designated 2 Pallas , is the second asteroid to have been discovered , by astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm MatthÃ us Olbers on March 28 , 1802 .

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Hygiea was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on April 12 , 1849 , in Naples , Italy .


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Question: Erie is a city in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania . It is named after Lake Erie .

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The public libraries in Erie are part of the Erie County library system .

Derby is a city in Lucas County , Iowa , United States .


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Question: It is named after Lake Erie .

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Stream drainage in Erie flows northward into Lake Erie , then through Lake Ontario , the St. Lawrence River , and out to the Atlantic Ocean .

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This name was later shortened to Frankfort .


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"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Saint - Ã tienne-de-Serre is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .']" == "['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Saint - Ã tienne-de-Serre is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .']" != "['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Lachamp-Rapha Ã `` l is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .']"

Question: Erie is a city in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania .

Erie is a city located in northwestern Pennsylvania in the United States .

Winfield is a city in Marion county in the U.S. state of Alabama .


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Question: This symphony seems to say everything that Ives had been trying to do in music . It was not until 1965 that a complete performance of the symphony was given .

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For example, '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', "A dÃ il means an assembly or parliament , so a literal translation of DÃ il Ã ireann is `` Assembly of Ireland '' . Article 15 of Ireland 's constitution describes the body as `` a House of Representatives to be called DÃ il Ã ireann '' ( Teach IonadÃ irÃ ar a dtugtar DÃ il Ã ireann ) ."]' should be close to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'DÃ il Ã ireann is the lower house of the parliament of Ireland .']'

A complete performance was not given until 1965 , almost half a century after the symphony was completed , and more than a decade after Ives 's death .

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It was written for the trumpet player Timofei Dokschitzer ( just before the 29-year-old Arutunian was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for his `` Motherland '' cantata ) . The concerto 's introduction to the USA is solely due to Dokschitzer , a Soviet trumpeter , who immigrated to the States and premiered the concerto there .


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Question: The last movement is like a fight between discord and traditional tonal music .

A fight between discordance and traditional tonal music is heard in the final movement .

Though Joseph still gets credit for writing the timpani part at actual pitch with an F major key signature ( instead of transposing with a C major key signature ) , a procedure that made sense since he limited that instrument to the tonic and dominant pitches .


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Question: Ives spent four years at Yale University . His teacher Horatio Parker was very good and taught him important basic techniques of composing , but he could not understand some of things that Ives was writing in his music .

In September 1894 , Ives entered Yale University , studying under Horatio Parker .

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Tchaikovsky likely had some form of instruction in composing Swan Lake , as he had to know what sort of dances would be required .


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Question: Charles Ives was born in Danbury , Connecticut . His father George Ives , was a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War .

Charles Ives was born in Danbury , Connecticut in 1874 , the son of George Ives , a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War , and his wife Mary Parmelee .

Daisy Kennedy , was born in Washington , D.C. on January 4 , 1879 , and was the daughter of a former American slave .


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Question: The piece ends quietly with just the percussion playing at a distance .

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The piece ends quietly with just the percussion playing at a distance . )

The song opens with an acoustic guitar part , backed by a mimicking electric guitar , then forwards to the lead guitar line .


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Question: Perhaps the piece which is most often heard today is the short fanfare The Unanswered Question ( 1908 ) , written for the very unusual combination of trumpet , four flutes , and string orchestra .

Ives had composed two symphonies , but it is with The Unanswered Question ( 1906 ) , written for the highly unusual combination of trumpet , four flutes , and string orchestra , that he established the mature sonic world that became his signature style .

Masterpieces were written by Edward Elgar ( a violin concerto and a cello concerto ) , Sergei Rachmaninoff and Nikolai Medtner ( four and three piano concertos , respectively ) , Jean Sibelius ( a violin concerto ) , Frederick Delius ( a violin concerto , a cello concerto , a piano concerto and a double concerto for violin and cello ) , Karol Szymanowski ( two violin concertos and a `` Symphonie Concertante '' for piano ) , and Richard Strauss ( two horn concertos , a violin concerto , Don Quixote â '' a tone poem which features the cello as a soloistâ '' and among later works , an oboe concerto ) .