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Question: An inclined plane is a simple machine .

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The inclined plane is one of the original six simple machines ; as the name suggests , it is a flat surface whose endpoints are at different heights . By moving an object up an inclined plane rather than completely vertical , the amount of force required is reduced , at the expense of increasing the distance the object must travel .

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The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight .


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Question: When the angle of the slope ( Î ) is zero , sin Î is also zero , so the body will not move .

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When the slope angle ( Î ) is zero , sin Î is also zero so the body does not move .

Tangents are found by comparing the T scale with C for angles less than 45 degrees . for angles greater than 45 degrees the CI scale is used .


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Question: If the component of the force from gravity parallel to the surface ( mg sin Î ) is greater than the static frictional force fs â `` then the body will slide down the inclined plane with acceleration where fk is the force of friction â `` otherwise it will remain stationary .

Since there is no movement perpendicular to the plane , the component of the gravitational force in this direction ( mg cos Î ) must be equal and opposite to normal force exerted by the plane , N. If the remaining component of the gravitational force parallel to the surface ( mg sin Î ) is greater than the static frictional force fs â `` then the body will slide down the inclined plane with acceleration where fk is the kinetic friction force â `` otherwise it will remain stationary .

where Ï is the torque vector and Ï is the magnitude of the torque , r is the displacement vector ( a vector from the point from which torque is measured to the point where force is applied ) , and r is the length ( or magnitude ) of the lever arm vector , F is the force vector , and F is the magnitude of the force , Ã -- denotes the cross product , Î is the angle between the force vector and the lever arm vector .


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Question: Salvia pratensis ( Meadow Clary or Meadow Sage ; syn Salvia virgata ) is a perennial sage in the family Lamiaceae , that grows in Europe , western Asia and northern Africa .

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Salvia pratensis ( Meadow Clary or Meadow Sage ) is a herbaceous perennial in the family Lamiaceae , native to Europe , western Asia and northern Africa .

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Gaillardia , the Blanket flowers , is a genus of drought-tolerant annual and perennial plants from the sunflower family ( Asteraceae ) , native to North and South America .


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Question: This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 4th century , which began in the year 301 and ended in the year 400 .

The 4th century is the time from 301 to 400 .

The 22nd century is a century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar . It is the upcoming century , beginning on January 1 , 2101 and ending on December 31 , 2200 .


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Question: These differences were the external effect of DP2 being totally different from the twin-engined Deltics internally , being the forerunner of the Class 50 .

These differences revealed that DP2 was totally different from the twin-engined Deltics internally , having only a single prime mover and generator . The loco was later updated with electronic control systems to become the forerunner of the Class 50 .

There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher-geared Class 09 , and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions ( some of which became Class 10 ) , which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1193 .


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Question: Leo Bernard Gorcey ( June 3 , 1917 â `` June 2 , 1969 ) was an American actor . He is most famous for appearing the Dead End Kids series .

Leo Bernard Gorcey ( June 3 , 1917 â `` June 2 , 1969 ) was an American stage and movie actor who became famous for portraying on film the leader of the group of young hooligans known variously as the Dead End Kids , The East Side Kids and The Bowery Boys .

Theodore Crawford Cassidy ( July 31 , 1932 â `` January 16 , 1979 ) , known as Ted Cassidy , was an American actor who performed in television and films .


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Question: The egg white , also known as albumen , is the clear liquid part of the egg .

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Egg white is the common name for the clear liquid ( also called the albumen or the glair\/glaire ) contained within an egg .

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Interstitial fluid ( or tissue fluid ) is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals . It is the main component of the extracellular fluid , which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid .


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Question: The yellow part is called the egg yolk . The egg white holds the egg yolk in place .

Its primary natural purpose is to protect the egg yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo , as it is rich in proteins , though it contains almost no fat , unlike the egg yolk , which has a high fat value .

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There must be no lumps left in the liquid , and no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl .


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Question: Mariana Victoria of Spain ( 31 March 1718 â `` 15 January 1781 ) sometimes Maria Anna Victoria was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the Queen of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. The eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese , she was engaged to the young Louis XV of France at the age of seven .

Mariana Victoria of Spain ( 31 March 1718 â `` 15 January 1781 ) was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the Queen of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. The eldest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese , she was engaged to the young Louis XV of France at the age of seven .

Initially , Bathilde was considered as a possible bride for a distant cousin , Ferdinand , Duke of Parma , the favorite grandson of King Louis XV of France ; however , that marriage never materialised .


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Question: Alex 's name is an acronym . ALEX is short for Avian Learning EXperiment .

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The name Alex is an acronym for Avian Language EXperiment , but Pepperberg later cited the name as meaning Avian Learning EXperiment to evoke further acceptance in her research field , a then touchy topic ( explained in her book , Alex & Me ) .

It translates literally to `` Chinese Proficiency Test '' .


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Question: Its name refers to Saint Ursicinus , a 7th century monk who made a monastery there .

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Its name refers to Saint Ursicinus , a seventh century monk who built a monastery here .

Abbot Suger , friend and confidante of the French Kings , Louis VI and Louis VII , decided in about 1137 , to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis , attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence .


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Question: Saint Ursanne ( population about 1,000 ) is a city and a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura , Switzerland which has kept its medieval style .

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Saint Ursanne ( population approximately 1,000 ) is a city and a former municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura , Switzerland which has preserved its medieval character .

The district of Monthey is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland .


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Question: Saint-Tricat is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Saint-Tricat is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

Vieil-Hesdin ( Eng : Old-Hesdin ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Choi Soon-Ho ( born 10 January 1962 ) is a former South Korean football player .

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Choi Soon-Ho ( born January 10 , 1962 in Chungju , Chungcheongbuk-do ) is a South Korean football manager , who is managing Gangwon FC .

Yasutoshi Miura ( born 15 July 1965 ) is a former Japanese Soccer player .


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Question: MapleStory is an online computer game made by the Korean company Wizet , and maintained and distributed by Nexon .

MapleStory is a free-of-charge ( with pay-to-play elements ) , 2D , side-scrolling massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by the South Korean company Wizet . Several versions of the game are available for specific countries or regions , and each is published by various companies such as Wizet and Nexon .

The most recent video games of the series are Star Trek : Legacy and Star Trek : Conquest . An MMORPG based on Star Trek called Star Trek Online is developed by Cryptic Studios and published by Atari .


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Question: The Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) Tour is the number one tier professional tennis tour for women 's tennis competition .

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The WTA Tour is the elite tour for women 's professional tennis organized by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) .

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The Western Women 's Hockey League ( WWHL ) is one of two major women 's hockey leagues in Canada .


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Question: The 2011 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( organised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organised by the ITF ) , and the year-end championships ( the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships ) .

The 2011 WTA Tour includes the Grand Slam tournaments ( sanctioned by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the WTA Premier tournaments , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions , and the WTA Championships .

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Serena Jameka Williams ( born September 26 , 1981 ) is an American professional tennis player who is a former World No. 1 and currently ranked World No. 10 in singles and No. 20 in doubles with sister Venus Williams . The Women 's Tennis Association has ranked her World No. 1 in singles on five separate occasions .


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Question: The year 2005 in science had some important events , listed below .

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"['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Gandelu is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .']" == "['Represent this', 'Gandelu is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .']"

The year 2005 in science and technology involved some significant events .

The season officially lasted from June 1 , 2000 , to November 30 , 2000 , dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when tropical cyclones tend to develop in the Atlantic basin .


Question: It then does digging and other nest work , and later , defends the nest and forages .

It then graduates to digging and other nest work , and later to defending the nest and foraging .

The Waved Albatross , on the other hand , makes no nest and will even move its egg around the pair 's territory , as much as 50 m , sometimes causing it to lose the egg .


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'['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'He is often called FranÃ ois Couperin le Grand ( The Great ) because he was the most famous of the Couperin family .']' == '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "He was known as Couperin le Grand ( `` Couperin the Great '' ) to distinguish him from other members of the musically talented Couperin family ."]' != '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning\nFewshot example: "The Three Character Classic , Trimetric Classic or San Zi Jing is one of the Chinese classic texts ." == "The Three Character Classic , Trimetric Classic or San Zi Jing ( ä å -- ç `` , ä å -- ç \'\' ) is a written work from China ."', 'Louis-Nicolas ClÃ rambault ( 19 December 1676 â `` 26 October 1749 ) was a French musician , best known as an organist and composer . He was born and died in Paris .']'

Question: Ants became dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Cainozoic .

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Ants became dominant after adaptive radiation at the beginning of the Tertiary period .

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A classic example of this is the replacement of the non-avian dinosaurs with mammals at the end of the Cretaceous , and of brachiopods by bivalves at the Permo-Triassic boundary .


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Question: The winged male ants , called drones , emerge from pupae with the breeding females ( although some species , like army ants , have wingless queens ) , and do nothing in life except eat and mate .

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The winged male ants , called drones , emerge from pupae along with the breeding females ( although some species , like army ants , have wingless queens ) , and do nothing in life except eat and mate .

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After a teneral period of several days , the adults become reproductively active and are able to reproduce again , although they may become reproductively quiescent if eclosing late in the season .


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Question: They have a thin waist and elbowed antennae .

They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and a distinctive node-like structure that forms a slender waist .

It is typically 20 to 30 cm ( 8 to 12 inch ) in diameter with relatively low sides that flare outwards , a long handle , and no lid .


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Question: In 1966 E.O. Wilson and his colleagues identified the fossil remains of an ant ( Sphecomyrma freyi ) from the Cretaceous period .

In 1966 , E. O. Wilson and his colleagues identified the fossil remains of an ant ( Sphecomyrma freyi ) that lived in the Cretaceous period .

The gladiators initially were described from old museum specimens that originally were found in Namibia ( Mantophasma zephyrum ) and Tanzania ( M. subsolanum ) , and from a 45-million-year-old specimen of Baltic amber ( Raptophasma kerneggeri ) .


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Question: Sphecomyrma was probably a ground forager but some suggest that primitive ants were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil .

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Sphecomyrma was probably a ground forager but some suggest on the basis of groups such as the Leptanillinae and Martialinae that primitive ants were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil .

Larvae may also be provided with solid food such as trophic eggs , pieces of prey and seeds brought back by foraging workers and may even be transported directly to captured prey in some species .


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Question: Workers with the ability to reproduce are called gamergates and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies ; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right .

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Workers with the ability to reproduce are called `` gamergates '' and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies ; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right .

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Most ( though not all ) species live in nests called forms , and all have altricial young .


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Question: Larvae may also be given solid food brought back by foraging workers , and may even be taken to captured prey in some species .

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Larvae may also be provided with solid food such as trophic eggs , pieces of prey and seeds brought back by foraging workers and may even be transported directly to captured prey in some species .

Adult Microdon flies do not behave like other syrphid flies : they do not hover around flowers but instead remain very near the ant colonies which serve as larval hosts .


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Question: Ants are usually small , but can carry the weight of twenty ants .

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Not all ants have the same kind of societies . The Australian bulldog ants are among the biggest and most basal of ants .

They range in size in most species from 50 t long and can reach in extreme cases up to 2 meters , and 1 t in diameter .


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Question: Most ants produce a new generation each year .

Most ants are univoltine , producing a new generation each year .

Female monarchs deposit eggs for the next generation during these migrations .


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Question: After the rise of flowering plants about 100 million years ago they diversified . They became ecologically dominant about 60 million years ago .

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After the rise of flowering plants about 100 million years ago they diversified and assumed ecological dominance around 60 million years ago .

Fossil records indicate that nautiluses have not evolved much during the last 500 million years .


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Question: There are about 22,000 species of ants . More than 12,500 have been classified .

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More than 12,500 out of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified .

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Tachinidae is a large and rather variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera , with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered .


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Question: Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through thelytoky ( parthenogenesis ) , and one species , Mycocepurus smithii is known to be all-female .

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['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "The origin of the name is not clear , but one theory claims that the cake was created in honor of the marriage in 1884 of Queen Victoria 's granddaughter to Prince Louis of Battenberg , with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes : Louis , Alexander , Henry and Francis Joseph ."] == ['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "The cake was probably named in honor of the marriage , in 1884 , of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria 's granddaughter to Prince Louis of Battenberg , with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes : Louis , Alexander , Henry and Francis Joseph ."]

Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through thelytokous parthenogenesis and one species , Mycocepurus smithii is known to be all-female .

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A narrower definition specifies the requirement for irreversibly distinct behavioral groups or castes ( with respect to sterility and\/or other features ) , and such a definition excludes all social vertebrates ( including mole rats ) , none of which have irreversible castes .


Question: represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words E.g. ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The closest exemplar of real nagamaki you can see today is nagamaki-naoshi .'] == ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.\n\nFor instance, <<The only official responsibility of a captain specified by the Laws of the Game is to participate in the coin toss prior to kick-off ( for choice of ends ) and prior to a penalty shootout .>>  to <<The captain has to participate in the coin toss before the match and before a penalty shootout .>>', 'The closest exemplar of real nagamaki that can be seen today is nagamaki-naoshi .'] != ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words.', "Sea turtles , fish and jellyfish are often depicted as RyÅ `` jin 's servants ."]

Question: Like wasps and bees , ants are in the order Hymenoptera .

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Ants are social insects of the family Formicidae and , along with the related wasps and bees , belong to the order Hymenoptera .

They mostly live hidden in the ground , which makes them one of the least known orders of amphibians .


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Question: Usually , worker ants will carry food back to the colony so that the other ants and the queen can eat .

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Given ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "What we see is an RNA-strand being constructed , and hence the exact positions of the DNA , polymerase and RNA during this process . ''"], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "What we see is an RNA-strand being constructed , and hence the exact positions of the DNA , polymerase and RNA during this process '' ."]

Since most ants live on the ground , they use the soil surface to leave pheromone trails that can be followed by other ants . In species that forage in groups , a forager that finds food marks a trail on the way back to the colony ; this trail is followed by other ants , these ants then reinforce the trail when they head back with food to the colony .

They locate food by smell , using sensors in the tip of their snout , and regularly feast on ants and termites .


Question: The larva is fed and cared for by workers .

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The larva is largely immobile and is fed and cared for by workers .

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Aphaenogaster probably gets most of its food from tended aphids on the roots of plants , which explains that they are rarely seen on the surface .


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Question: Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females can mate .

Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females have the ability to mate .

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This mechanism of sex determination gives rise to what W. D. Hamilton first termed `` supersisters '' who share 75 per cent of their genes on average . Sterile workers are more closely related to their supersisters than to any offspring they might have , if they were to breed themselves .


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Question: Mitte was in East Berlin , and had a lot of Berlin 's historic sites . The Pergamon Museum , Unter den Linden and the Brandenburg Gate were in Mitte .

Mitte encompasses Berlin 's historic core and includes some of the most important tourist sites of Berlin ( like the Museum Island , Brandenburg Gate , Unter den Linden and the Reichstag among others ) , most of which were in former East Berlin .

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Juni ( 17 June Street ) , former Charlottenburger Chaussee , which runs eastwards through the Tiergarten park to Brandenburg Gate , connects Charlottenburg with the historic center of Berlin-Mitte .


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Question: Mitte was the most central locality of Berlin ( Mitte is German for center ) . It was set up in 1920 , when GroÃ - Berlin was set up , and in 2001 it was joined with Wedding and Tiergarten to make a new borough called Bezirk Mitte .

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The former borough of Mitte , located entirely within the former East Berlin , was combined with the boroughs of Wedding and Tiergarten ( both of which belonged to West Berlin ) to form the new Mitte borough .

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Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into `` GroÃ - Berlin '' ( Greater Berlin ) and transformed into a borough .


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Question: Mitte was the most central locality of Berlin ( Mitte is German for center ) .

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Mitte ( in German Bezirk Mitte ) is the first and most central borough of Berlin ( Mitte is German for middle ) .


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Question: Holiday went on tour Europe for the first time in 1954 with Buddy DeFranco and Red Norvo .

Holiday first toured Europe in 1954 as part of a Leonard Feather package that also included Buddy DeFranco and Red Norvo .

Her second marriage , in December 1947 , was to the famous bass player Ray Brown , whom she had met while on tour with Dizzy Gillespie 's band a year earlier .


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Question: Her last studio recordings were made for MGM in 1959 , with Ray Ellis and his Orchestra , who had also accompanied her on Columbia 's Lady in Satin album in 1958 .

Her final studio recordings were made for MGM in 1959 , with lush backing from Ray Ellis and his Orchestra , who had also accompanied her on Columbia 's Lady in Satin album the previous yearâ '' see below .

Milt Gabler eventually became an A&R man for Decca Records , in addition to owning Commodore Records , and he signed Holiday to the label on August 7 , 1944 , when Holiday was 29 .


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Question: It was ghostwritten by William Dufty , a New York Post writer and editor who was married to Holiday 's close friend Maely Dufty .

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Dufty , a New York Post writer and editor then married to Holiday 's close friend Maely Dufty , wrote the book quickly from a series of conversations with the singer in the Duftys ' 93rd Street apartment .

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While still married to Monroe , she became romantically involved with trumpeter Joe Guy , who was also her drug dealer , and eventually became his common-law wife .


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Question: In 1944 , Holiday went to work , still with Milt Gabler , at Decca Records . She was 29 years old .

Milt Gabler eventually became an A&R man for Decca Records , in addition to owning Commodore Records , and he signed Holiday to the label on August 7 , 1944 , when Holiday was 29 .

In 1948 , Parker returned to New York , and Davis rejoined his group .


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Question: Gabler said that this was because the other side of the record was `` Fine and Mellow '' , which was a jukebox hit .

While the Commodore release did not get any airplay , the controversial song sold well , though Gabler attributed that mostly to the record 's other side , `` Fine and Mellow '' , which was a jukebox hit .

His first single was the little-known `` When You Gonna '' , released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter , with little promotion .


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Question: Holiday said that she began using hard drugs in the early 1940s .

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Holiday stated that she began using hard drugs in the early 1940s .

Hooper continued to work steadily into the 2000s .


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Question: A music producer called Milt Gabler said that Holiday could record it for his label called Commodore Records .

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For instance, <<['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Alexandre Ã tienne Choron ( 1837 , Caen , Calvados -- 1924 ) was a French chef .']>>  to <<['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Alexandre Ã tienne Choron ( 1837 , Caen , -- 1924 ) was a French chef .']>>

When Holiday 's producers at Columbia found the subject matter too sensitive , Milt Gabler agreed to record it for his Commodore Records .

Eleven Johnson 78s were released on the Vocalion label during his lifetime , with a twelfth issued posthumously . All songs are copyrighted to Robert Johnson , and his estate .


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Question: On March 28 , 1952 , Holiday married Louis McKay , a man who worked for the Mafia .

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On March 28 , 1952 , Holiday married Louis McKay , a Mafia enforcer .

In 1933 , after appearing at the Vogue Club , a Manhattan nightclub , Reade was introduced to Bob Hope .


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Question: Billie Holiday ( born Eleanora Fagan ; April 7 , 1915 â `` July 17 , 1959 ) was an American jazz singer and songwriter .

Billie Holiday ( born Eleanora Fagan , April 7 , 1915 â `` July 17 , 1959 ) was an American jazz singer and songwriter .

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Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( December 25 , 1899 â `` January 14 , 1957 ) was an American actor .


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Question: McKay , like most of the men in her life , was abusive , but he did try to get her to stop using drugs .

McKay , like most of the men in her life , was abusive , but he did try to get her off drugs .

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However , in the 2005 film adaptation of the book , it is implied that he is upset that their father was forced to serve in the war and that they are sent away from home as a result .


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Question: Her manager Ed Fishman thought of the idea to have a comeback concert at Carnegie Hall .

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Ed Fishman ( who fought with Joe Glaser to be Holiday 's manager ) thought of the idea to throw a comeback concert at Carnegie Hall .

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In 1999 , Chase joined a small band as lead singer and took the stage as the opening act for Reba McEntire .


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Question: In the last years of her life , she had gradually lost her earnings , and she died with $ 0.70 in the bank and $ 750 in cash .

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In the final years of her life , she had been progressively swindled out of her earnings , and she died with $ 0.70 in the bank and $ 750 ( a tabloid fee ) on her person .

Robinson accepted a contract for $ 400 ( $ in dollars ) per month , a boon for him at the time .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

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The query could be '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning:', 'again made CW history by tying the network for first place in the key ad demographic , adults 18-49 , and being the second most watched network program at 9 p.m. for the night .']' and should be close to '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'again made CW history by tying the network for first place in the key ad demographic ( adults , 18-49 ) and being the second most-watched network program at 9 p.m. for the night .']' but very far from '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "The sketch quickly became NBC.com 's most-watched viral video ever , with 5.7 million views by the following Wednesday ."]'

Question: When she was still married to Monroe , she started a romantic relationship with trumpeter Joe Guy , who was also her drug dealer .

While still married to Monroe , she became romantically involved with trumpeter Joe Guy , who was also her drug dealer , and eventually became his common-law wife .

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Moore took her professional name from her first husband Freddy Moore and is the mother of three daughters from her marriage to Bruce Willis .


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Question: On May 31 , 1959 , Holiday was taken to the Metropolitan Hospital in New York . She had liver and heart disease .

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Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire , ruled primarily by Hungarian princes .']" Match: "['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state . It was ruled by mostly Calvinist Hungarian princes .']"

On May 31 , 1959 , Holiday was taken to Metropolitan Hospital in New York suffering from liver and heart disease .

At the age of 67 , Chaney died on July 12 , 1973 , of heart failure in San Clemente , California .


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Question: She also became famous for singing jazz standards written by other people , like `` Easy Living '' and `` Strange Fruit '' .

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She also became famous for singing `` Easy Living , '' `` Good Morning Heartache , '' and `` Strange Fruit '' , a protest song which became one of her standards and was made famous with her 1939 recording .

The song that attracted most attention was his deadpan interpretation of Cole Porter 's `` I Get a Kick out of You '' .


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Question: Holiday never had any children of her own , but had two godchildren : singer Billie Lorraine Feather , daughter of Leonard Feather , and Bevan Dufty , son of William Dufty .

Although childless , Billie Holiday had two godchildren : singer Billie Lorraine Feather , daughter of Leonard Feather , and Bevan Dufty , son of William Dufty .

Born in Kettering , Northamptonshire , England , Guillory is the daughter of the American folk guitarist Isaac Guillory and his first wife , English model Tina Thompson , whom he married in 1973 .


Question: The poem had been set to music and was performed at teachers ' union meetings .

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Meeropol used the pseudonym `` Lewis Allan '' for the poem , which was set to music and performed at teachers ' union meetings .

On his return to England , he noticed that boys showed considerable interest in the book , which was used by teachers and youth organizations .


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Question: Later , she recorded `` Strange Fruit '' again for Verve .

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Elektra Records in 1995 and recorded his debut album Everything You Want the next year .


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Question: She had married trombonist Jimmy Monroe on August 25 , 1941 .

She married trombonist Jimmy Monroe on August 25 , 1941 .

Bennington married his first wife , Samantha Marie Olit , on October 31 , 1996 .


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Question: She was arrested for drug possession as she lay dying and her hospital room was raided by the police .

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She was arrested for drug possession as she lay dying , and her hospital room was raided by authorities .

Cleveland police officer Walter Emerick , who took the picture using his cell phone camera , was suspended from duty for eight days for his responsibility in sending the photo to other people , eventually leading to its being leaked on the Internet .


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Question: Police officers were at the door to her room .

Police officers were stationed at the door to her room .

They are waiting for the others at the train platform when the accident happens .


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Question: In November 1944 , Holiday recorded three songs , `` That Ole Devil Called Love '' , `` Big Stuff '' , and `` Do n't Explain '' .

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A month later , in November , Billie Holiday returned to the Decca studio to record three songs , `` That Ole Devil Called Love '' , `` Big Stuff '' , and `` Do n't Explain '' .

She co-wrote only a few songs , but several of them have become jazz standards , notably `` God Bless the Child , '' `` Do n't Explain , '' `` Fine and Mellow , '' and `` Lady Sings the Blues . ''


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Question: She heard of a song called `` Strange Fruit '' . It was based on a poem about lynching written by Abel Meeropol , a Jewish schoolteacher from the Bronx .

Holiday was recording for Columbia in the late 1930s when she was introduced to `` Strange Fruit '' , a song based on a poem about lynching written by Abel Meeropol , a Jewish schoolteacher from the Bronx .

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A number of notable people appeared with secrets including Col Harland Sanders ( `` I started my restaurant with my first Social Security check '' ) , Philo T. Farnsworth ( `` I invented electronic television '' ) , Pete Best ( `` I used to be one of The Beatles '' ) , and an elderly man Samuel J. Seymour who was the last surviving eye witness to Abraham Lincoln 's assassination ( he was five years old at the time ) , Bobby Fischer ( `` I am the US chess champion '' ) .


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Question: Holiday was arrested again on January 22 , 1949 , at a hotel in San Francisco .

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Holiday was arrested again on January 22 , 1949 , inside her room at San Francisco 's Hotel Mark Twain .

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Chandler was not arrested for the murders until September 24 , 1992 .


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Question: After that , Holiday did n't record any songs until August 1945 .

After the recording session , Holiday did not return to the studio until August 1945 .

They then named their band Mighty Joe Young . The band recorded a demo tape that was completed around 1990 .


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Question: She was also called `` Lady Day '' , a nickname that her friend and musical partner Lester Young gave her . Holiday was a very important influence on jazz and pop singing .

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Nicknamed `` Lady Day '' by her friend and musical partner Lester Young , Holiday had a seminal influence on jazz and pop singing .

Columbia nicknamed her `` Queen of the Blues , '' but a PR-minded press soon upgraded her title to `` Empress '' .


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Question: Holiday was also in the 1950 Universal-International short film Sugar Chile ' Robinson , Billie Holiday , Count Basie and His Sextet , where she sang `` God Bless the Child '' and `` Now , Baby or Never '' .

In 1950 , Holiday appeared in the Universal-International short film Sugar Chile ' Robinson , Billie Holiday , Count Basie and His Sextet , where she sang `` God Bless the Child '' and `` Now , Baby or Never '' .

She recorded `` Do n't Explain '' , `` Big Stuff '' , `` What Is This Thing Called Love ? '' , and `` You Better Go Now '' .


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Question: She co-wrote some songs which have become jazz standards , like `` God Bless the Child '' , `` Do n't Explain '' , and `` Lady Sings the Blues '' .

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She co-wrote only a few songs , but several of them have become jazz standards , notably `` God Bless the Child , '' `` Do n't Explain , '' `` Fine and Mellow , '' and `` Lady Sings the Blues . ''

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He is perhaps best known for popular songs performed by a number of groups in the 70 's including Three Dog Night 's `` Just An Old-Fashioned Love Song '' , Helen Reddy 's `` You And Me Against The World '' , and The Carpenters ' `` We 've Only Just Begun '' as well as his contributions to films such as `` Evergreen '' from A Star Is Born and `` Rainbow Connection '' from The Muppet Movie .


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Question: She lived with him as his wife ( called a common law wife ) and divorced Monroe in 1947 . She also separated from Guy .

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She finally divorced Monroe in 1947 and also split with Guy .

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They had four childrenâ '' Linda 's daughter Heather ( who was adopted by Paul ) , Mary , Stella and Jamesâ '' and remained married until Linda 's death from breast cancer in 1998 .


Question: They kept guarding her at the hospital until she died from cirrhosis of the liver on July 17 , 1959 .

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Holiday remained under police guard at the hospital until she died from cirrhosis of the liver on July 17 , 1959 .

Two former members died within a few years of each other in the early 2000s ; Joe Nanini died of a brain hemorrhage on December 4 , 2000 , and Marc Moreland died of kidney and liver failure on March 13 , 2002 .


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Question: She spent three months working at Clark Monroe 's Uptown House in New York in 1937 .

She did a three-month residency at Clark Monroe 's Uptown House in New York in 1937 .

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Carr 's last public appearance with the band was at the MTV Video Music Awards in September 1991 .


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Question: She recorded , `` Do n't Explain '' , `` Big Stuff '' , `` You Better Go Now '' , and `` What is This Thing Called Love ? '' .

She recorded `` Do n't Explain '' , `` Big Stuff '' , `` What Is This Thing Called Love ? '' , and `` You Better Go Now '' .

With the group , Finn wrote the hits `` One Step Ahead '' , `` History Never Repeats '' , `` I Got You '' and `` Message to My Girl '' , among others .


Question: That was done in April 1939 and Holiday sang `` Strange Fruit '' over the next twenty years .

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That was done on April 20 , 1939 , and `` Strange Fruit '' remained in her repertoire for twenty years .

Baker 's father asked Clayton to listen to his daughter playing her signature `` One Dime Blues '' .


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Question: Holiday 's mother was called Sadie Fagan .

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Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan on April 7 , 1915 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania to her mother Sarah Julia `` Sadie '' Fagan ( nÃ e Harris ) , and Clarence Halliday ( Holiday ) , who was a musician .

She and Edna have half-siblings Marina , Louis and William Morse .


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Question: A tenor saxophonist called Lester Young often accompanied Holiday . He had been a boarder at her mother 's house in 1934 and she got on well with him .

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Another frequent accompanist was the tenor saxophonist Lester Young , who had been a boarder at her mother 's house in 1934 and with whom Holiday had a special rapport .

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During this time , Sonny Stitt tried to persuade him to join the Tiny Bradshaw band , then passing through town , but Davis ' mother insisted that he finish his final year of high school .


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Question: Young gave her a nickname , `` Lady Day '' and she called him `` Prez . ''

`` Young nicknamed her `` Lady Day '' , and she , in turn , dubbed him `` Prez '' .

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Years later , she would reflect fondly about the time that she spent with Lower , whom she affectionately called `` Aunt Ana '' .


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'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "The best known West Coast blues musicians may be guitarist T-Bone Walker , famous for the song `` Call It Stormy Monday ( But Tuesday Is Just As Bad ) '' , originally from Texas , he had made his first recordings in the late 1920s ."]' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "The towering figure of West Coast blues may be guitarist T-Bone Walker , famous for the song `` Call It Stormy Monday ( But Tuesday Is Just As Bad ) '' , a relocated Texan who had made his first recordings in the late 1920s ."]' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "In 1958 , the Marquees were discovered singing at a D.C. club by Bo Diddley , who signed them to Okeh Records , where they recorded `` Wyatt Earp '' , with `` Hey Little Schoolgirl '' as its B-side ."]'

Question: When she went back to Europe , almost five years later , she went on television for Granada 's Chelsea at Nine , in London .

When she returned almost five years later , she made one of her last television appearances for Granada 's Chelsea at Nine in London .

Besides attending the attorneys ' conference , Thompson and Acosta looked for ways in Vegas to explore the theme of the American Dream , which was the basis for the novel 's second half , to which Thompson referred at the time as `` Vegas II '' .


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Question: He wrote the book quickly after talking to Holiday in his apartment , as well as using earlier interviewers . His wanted to let Holiday tell her story her way .

He drew on the work of earlier interviewers as well and intended to let Holiday tell her story in her own way .

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This sparks the narrator 's need to explain himself in great detail .


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Question: In the late 1930s , she also worked as a big band singer with Count Basie and Artie Shaw .

In the late 1930s , Holiday had brief stints as a big band vocalist with Count Basie ( 1937 ) and Artie Shaw ( 1938 ) .

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Early after his arrival , he bumped into Sonny Greer , who was by then the drummer for the Washingtonians , Duke Ellington 's early band .


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Question: Holiday 's autobiography , Lady Sings the Blues , was published in 1956 .

Holiday 's autobiography , Lady Sings the Blues , was ghostwritten by William Dufty and published in 1956 .

Hughes ' biography , Sudden Champion : The Sarah Hughes Story , was written by Richard Krawiec in 2002 .


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Question: If they are on land , they are usually hot springs , geysers , or fumaroles .

Common land types include hot springs , fumaroles and geysers .

On their way , those wild , undisturbed rivers are lined with dense rainforests , sand dunes or mangroves .


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Question: The main groups of organisms found around seafloor vents are worms , gastropods , and crustaceans , with large bivalves , and ` eyeless ' shrimp making up the bulk of non-microbial organisms .

The main families of organisms found around seafloor vents are annelids , pogonophorans , gastropods , and crustaceans , with large bivalves , vestimentiferan worms , and `` eyeless '' shrimp making up the bulk of non-microbial organisms .

Polychaetes are extremely variable in both form and lifestyle and include a few taxa that swim among the plankton .


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Question: Other examples of the unique fauna who inhabit this ecosystem are the gastropod Crysomallon squamiferum , a species of snail with a foot reinforced by scales made of iron and organic materials , and the ` Pompeii Worm ' Alvinella pompejana , which is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 80 Â C ( 176 Â F ) .

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Other examples of the unique fauna who inhabit this ecosystem are scaly-foot gastropod Crysomallon squamiferum , a species of snail with a foot reinforced by scales made of iron and organic materials , and the Pompeii Worm Alvinella pompejana , which is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 80 Â C ( 176 Â F ) .

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Hyperthermophiles are a subset of extremophiles , micro-organisms within the domain Archaea , although some bacteria are able to tolerate temperatures of around 100 Â C ( 212 Â F ) , as well .


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E.g.
'['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'In 1878 he became Minister of Customs .']' == '['Represent the following document', 'In 1878 , with the Conservatives again governing , he joined the cabinet as Minister of Customs .']' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'In 1790 he was elected United States Senator .']'

Question: A hydrothermal vent ( which is also called Black Smoker ) is a fissure in the surface of the Earth .

A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet 's surface from which geothermally heated water issues .

Cameron teams with NASA scientists to explore the Mid-Ocean Ridges , submerged chains of mountains in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans that are home to some of the planet 's more unusual forms of life .


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Question: They support giant tube worms , clams and shrimp , and many other eukaryotes .

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Chemosynthetic archaea form the base of the food chain , supporting diverse organisms , including giant tube worms , clams , limpets and shrimp .

About 20 % of the known species are benthic , that is belonging to the lowest zone of the ocean , or benthic zone , and can attach to algae and rocks .


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Question: Deep sea organisms have no access to sunlight , so they must depend on nutrients found in the chemical deposits and hydrothermal fluids in which they live .

Life has traditionally been seen as driven by energy from the sun , but deep sea organisms have no access to sunlight , so they must depend on nutrients found in the dusty chemical deposits and hydrothermal fluids in which they live .

The second classification , chemical weathering , involves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals ( also known as biological weathering ) in the breakdown of rocks , soils and minerals .


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Question: The examples of convergent evolution seen between distinct hydrothermal vents is seen as major support for the theory of natural selection and evolution as a whole .

The examples of convergent evolution seen between distinct hydrothermal vents is seen as major support for the theory of natural selection and of evolution as a whole .

Matzke and Gross state that many creationist critics define macroevolution as something that can not be attained , as these critics describe any observed evolutionary change as `` just microevolution '' .


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Question: Larger organisms such as snails , shrimp , crabs , giant tube worms , fish , and octopus form a food chain of predator and prey relationships above the primary consumers .

Larger organisms such as snails , shrimp , crabs , tube worms , fish , and octopuses form a food chain of predator and prey relationships above the primary consumers .

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Its most dramatic effect is on the zoogeography of mammals but it also gave an opportunity for weak-flying or flightless birds , reptiles , amphibians , arthropods and even freshwater fish to migrate .


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E.g.
'['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The west side is contains Browning Amphitheatre and Mirror Lake .']' == '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'To the west are Enarson Hall , the Kuhn Honors House , Browning Amphitheatre ( a traditional stone Greek theater ) and Mirror Lake .']' != '['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'It can still be seen today on the hill on the opposite side of the Stuart Shopping center ( Wulguru ) .']'

Question: They absorb nutrients directly into their tissues .

The tube worms , like parasitic worms , absorb nutrients directly into their tissues .

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Oils , whether they be in the form of butter , egg yolks , vegetable oils or lard are much more viscous than water and evaporate freely at a much higher temperature than water .


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Question: Two years later , he was awarded the United States Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson .

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In September 1964 , Steinbeck was awarded the United States Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson .

It is best-known as the home of former President of the United States George W. Bush .


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Question: Steinbeck won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962 .

In 1962 , Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature .

Her novel The Farthest Shore won the National Book Award for Children 's Books in 1973 .


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Question: John Ernst Steinbeck ( February 27 , 1902 - December 20 , 1968 ) is a very famous American writer of the 20th century .

John Ernst Steinbeck , Jr. ( February 27 , 1902 â `` December 20 , 1968 ) was an American writer .

Emanuel Feuermann ( November 22 , 1902 , Kolomyia , Galitzia , Austro-Hungarian Empire -- May 25 , 1942 , New York City ) was an internationally celebrated cellist in the first half of the 20th century .


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Question: Steinbeck first gained success with the novel Tortilla Flat in 1935 .

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Steinbeck achieved his first critical success with the novel Tortilla Flat ( 1935 ) , which won the California Commonwealth Club 's Gold Medal .

The novel first appeared as a two-part series in Rolling Stone magazine in 1971 , was printed as a book in 1972 , and was later adapted into a film of the same name in 1998 starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro .


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Question: It was made into a movie seven years later , starring Spencer Tracy , Hedy Lamarr , and John Garfield .

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The book was made into the 1942 film Tortilla Flat , starring Spencer Tracy , Hedy Lamarr and John Garfield , a friend of Steinbeck 's .

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Eventually Lyon decided that he wanted her to have a new name as there were many actresses with the name Jean , or a variation of it such as Jean Peters , Gene Tierney , Jeanne Crain , and Jean Arthur .


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Question: Paul Mebus ( born 9 June , 1920 ) is a former German football player .

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Paul Mebus ( 9 June 1920 -- 11 December 1993 ) was a German footballer .

Leo Wilden ( born 3 July 1936 ) is a former German football player .


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Question: A newton is how much force is required to make a mass of one kilogram go faster at a rate of one metre per second .

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The newton is the SI unit for force ; it is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second squared .

Thus , a book lying on a table has less gravitational potential energy than the same book on top of a taller cupboard , and less gravitational potential energy than a heavier book lying on the same table . An object at a certain height above the Moon 's surface has less gravitational potential energy than at the same height above the Earth 's surface because the Moon 's gravity is weaker .


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Question: The newton ( symbol : N ) is the SI unit of force . It is named after Sir Isaac Newton because of his work on classical mechanics .

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The newton ( symbol : N ) is the SI derived unit of force , named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics .

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The SI unit of measurement of electric current , the ampere , is named after him .


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Question: Ann Dunham Soetoro ( November 29 , 1942 - November 7 , 1995 ) was an American anthropologist . She is best known as the mother of US President ( elect ) Barack Obama .

Stanley Ann Dunham ( November 29 , 1942 -- November 7 , 1995 ) , the mother of Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States , was an American anthropologist who specialized in economic anthropology and rural development .

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Jenna Welch Bush Hager ( born November 25 , 1981 ; Dallas , Texas ) , is the younger of the fraternal twin daughters ( the other is Barbara Pierce Bush ) of the 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush , and a granddaughter of the 41st U.S. President George H. W. Bush .


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Question: She was born Stanley Ann Dunham in Fort Leavenworth , Kansas and later known as Dr. S. Ann Dunham Soetoro .

Dunham was nicknamed Anna , later known as Dr. Stanley Ann Dunham Soetoro , and finally Ann Dunham Sutoro .

Johnson was born in Des Moines , Iowa , the only child of Doug and Teri Johnson .


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represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
E.g. ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words:', 'Freiherr was a title of nobility used in German speaking countries . Its equivalent in English is Baron .'] == ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Even in German , a Freiherr is sometimes styled and addressed as `` Baron '' , although this is not the official title ."] != ['represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', "Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheikhs , but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes , with `` Emirate '' being analogous to principality in this sense ."]

Question: A Shinto shrine is a place where people worship in the Shinto religion .

A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is to house ( `` enshrine '' ) one or more Shinto kami .

While Amaterasu is enshrined at the Honden Shrine or `` Grand Shrine '' , which is at the entrance to the Ise Shrine , Susano ` o is enshrined at Kumano Taisha located in Shimane ( formerly the Izumo region ) , where he descended when banished from heaven .


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Question: There are six municipalities and four municipal districts in the province .

For comparison with the municipalities and municipal districts of other provinces see the list of municipalities and municipal districts of the Dominican Republic .

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As of September 28 , 2007 , the GieÃ en Depot , and all other communities in the greater GieÃ en area were turned back over to the local German authorities .


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Question: Basildon is a town in Essex , England .

Basildon is a town located in the Basildon District of the county of Essex , England .

Hatfield Peverel is a large urban village and civil parish in the center of Essex , England .


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Question: Sursk is located on left Sura River 's bank in 92 km from Penza .

Sursk is a town in Gorodishchensky District of Penza Oblast , Russia , located on the left bank of the Sura River , east of Penza .

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It is located on the shores of Lake Nero in Yaroslavl Oblast , 202 km to the north east of Moscow .


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Question: It means the same as the Jewish Tanakh and the Protestant Old Testament , but does not include the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic Old Testament and is meant for the text only , not for naming , numbering or ordering of books ( what both Tanakh and Old Testament do ) .

The content , which closely corresponds to the Protestant Old Testament , does not include the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic or the ' portions of the Eastern Orthodox Old Testaments . The term does not imply naming , numbering or ordering of books , which varies with Biblical canon .

1 Esdras ( Greek ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness .


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Question: The term Hebrew Bible means books of the Bible that were originally written in Hebrew , and of which people agree that they belong to the Biblical canon .

The Hebrew Bible ( also Hebrew Scriptures , Latin Biblia Hebraica ) is a term used by biblical scholars to refer to the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh ) . It takes its name from the fact that the Jewish Bible is composed mostly in Biblical Hebrew , with a few passages in Biblical Aramaic ( about half of the Book of Daniel , some parts of the Book of Ezra and a few other passages ) .

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It is attributed to the Biblical Baruch and so is associated with the Old Testament , but not regarded as scripture by Jews or by most Christian groups . It is included in some editions of the Peshitta .


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Question: Hebrew Bible is a term that refers to the common portions of the Jewish canon and the Christian canons .

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Hebrew Bible is a term that refers to the common\/shared portions of the Tanakh ( Jewish canon ) and the Christian biblical canons .

The Third Epistle to the Corinthians and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs were once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible , but are no longer printed with modern editions .


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Question: In its Latin form , Biblia Hebraica , it is used as a title for printed editions of the masoretic text .

In its Latin form , Biblia Hebraica , it traditionally serves as a title for printed editions of the Masoretic Text .


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Question: The Kurdish language is a language mostly spoken in a region called Kurdistan , including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran , Iraq , Syria and Turkey .

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Today , Kurdish is an official language in Iraq . In Syria , on the other hand , publishing material in Kurdish is forbidden .

The Brahui or Brohi ( Brahui : Ø Ø Ù Û Û ) are ethnic group of about 2.2 million people with the majority found in Kalat , Baluchistan , Pakistan , but they are also found in smaller numbers in neighboring Afghanistan and Iran .


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Question: Kemnay ( Gaelic : Ceann a ' Mhuigh ) is a village 16 miles west of Aberdeen in Scotland .

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Kemnay ( Gaelic : Ceann a ' Mhuigh ) is a town 16 m west of Aberdeen in Scotland .

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Bannockburn ( Scottish Gaelic Allt a ' Bhonnaich ) is a village immediately south of the city of Stirling in Scotland .


Question: The golfer Paul Lawrie , who famously won the 1999 Open Championship is a former pupil of Kemnay Academy , as is Aberdeen FC footballer Darren Mackie .

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The golfer Paul Lawrie , who won the 1999 Open Championship is a former pupil of Kemnay Academy , as is Aberdeen FC footballer Darren Mackie .

James `` Jim '' Jefferies ( born 22 November 1950 in Musselburgh ) is a former Scottish footballer , who is currently the manager of Heart of Midlothian .


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Question: In the same year , he competed in the 2nd CZW Tournament of Death where he lost to Nick Mondo in a deathmatch involving light tubes , and the 5th IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch where he lost to Mad Man Pondo after defeating 2 Tuff Tony , Necro Butcher and Ian Rotten .

He also competed in the fifth annual IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch tournament in August , where he defeated 2 Tuff Tony , Necro Butcher , and Ian Rotten , before losing to Mad Man Pondo in the final .

The FCW Florida Tag Team Championship was also introduced in February , with the Puerto Rican Nightmares ( Eddie ColÃ n and Eric PÃ rez ) beating Steven Lewington and Heath Miller to win it in the finals of a one night tournament .


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Question: On December 11 , 2004 , he teamed with Chri $ Ca $ h , Nate Webb and Sexxxy Eddy , winning the CZW World Tag Team Championship .

In June 2004 , Bailey competed in the sixth King of the Deathmatch where he lost to Mad Man Pondo and Toby Klein , and the following month he participated in the third Tournament of Death where he lost to Wifebeater after defeating Chri $ Ca $ h. On December 11 , 2004 , he teamed up with Chri $ Ca $ h , Nate Webb and Sexxxy Eddy to win the CZW World Tag Team Championship .

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's Benoit won the contest by last eliminating The Big Show .


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Question: and died August 30 , 2010 at the age of 27 . His real name is Joseph Carl Bailey , Jr. .

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Joseph Carl Bailey , Jr. ( August 23 , 1983 â `` August 30 , 2010 ) was an American professional wrestler , better known by his ring name J. C. Bailey .

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James Keenan was born in Ravenna , Ohio , on April 17 , 1964 , the only child of Judith Marie and Michael Loren Keenan .


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Given ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Ricardo Gomes ( born 13 December , 1964 ) is a former Brazilian football player .'], a positive would be ['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Ricardo Gomes Raimundo , known as Gomes ( born 13 December 1964 in Rio de Janeiro ) , is a retired Brazilian football central defender , and a current manager .'] & a negative would be ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Alcindo Sartori ( born 21 October 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian football player .']

Question: He has wrestled for numerous American-based professional wrestling promotions , including Combat Zone Wrestling ( CZW ) , IWA Mid-South and IWA East Coast .

He wrestled for numerous American-based professional wrestling promotions including Combat Zone Wrestling , IWA Mid-South , and IWA East Coast .

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After leaving the company , they went to wrestle for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) with The Dead Pool and The Dark Carnival between 1999 and 2000 . On December 19 , 1999 , Bruce and Utsler created their own wrestling promotion , Juggalo Championshit Wrestling ( now known as Juggalo Championship Wrestling ) .


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Question: In June 2003 , along with the owner of the promotion IWA Mid-South Ian Rotten and Corporal Robinson , he `` invaded '' CZW on behalf of IWA Mid-South .

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In June 2003 , Bailey , Ian Rotten , and Corporal Robinson `` invaded '' Combat Zone Wrestling ( CZW ) on behalf of Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South ( IWA Mid-South ) .

On April 16 , Laree became the first ( and thus far , only ) woman to compete in a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match after the Gathering challenged and defeated Jarrett .


Question: On September 16 , 2006 , he competed in the 1st IWA East Coast Masters of Pain where he lost to Jun Kasai after defeating 2 Tuff Tony and Corporal Robinson .

On September 16 , 2006 , he competed in the first Masters of Pain tournament where he lost to the `` Crazy Monkey '' Jun Kasai after defeating 2 Tuff Tony and Corporal Robinson .

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Question: UPN shut down on September 15 , 2006 , and was replaced with The CW Television Network .

UPN shut down on September 15 , 2006 , and merged with The WB , which was shut down two days later , to form The CW Television Network .

The success of the original series led to the creation of two revival series : one series that ran for several seasons on CBS and in syndication in the 1980s , and another series that ran on UPN from 2002 to 2003 .


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Question: UPN ( which originally stood for the United Paramount Network ) was a television network in over 200 places in the United States .

United Paramount Network ( UPN ) was a television network that was broadcast in over 200 markets in the United States from 1995 to 2006 .

Entertainment announced plans to shut down both UPN and The WB and launch a new network , The CW in their place . Over the next nine months , it was to be seen which shows from UPN and The WB would cross over to the new CW , as well as which stations across the country would become future affiliates of the new network .


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Question: UPN was owned by CBS Corporation , which also owns the larger CBS network .

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It was later owned by CBS Corporation .

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It is an owned and operated station of the Fox Broadcasting Company , a subsidiary of the News Corporation .


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Question: Baralle is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Baralle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .

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Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


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Question: Cowries have also been used in the recent past as a frame over which sock heels were stretched for darning .

Large cowry shells such as that of Cypraea tigris have been used in Europe in the recent past as a frame over which sock heels were stretched for darning .

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When European potteries began to make their own tea wares they were naturally inspired by the Chinese designs . To keep tea pots hot after tea is first brewed , early English households employed the tea cosy , a padded fabric covering , much like a hat , that slips over the tea pot .


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Question: The cowry shells so far inland may indicate the use of them by an earlier tribe or group in the area , and an extensive trade network in the ancient past .

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Finding the cowry shells so far inland could indicate the previous use of them by an earlier tribe or group in the area , who may have obtained them through an extensive trade network in the ancient past .

Also unmarked , although there are archaeological `` digs '' , one can find the sites of the various palenques , the fortified hamlets held of escaped slaves .


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Question: The cowry ridges allowed the needle to get under the cloth more easily .

The cowry 's smooth surface allows the needle to be positioned under the cloth more easily .

The thread is allowed to slip down into the fork and the tool is then lifted upwards allowing the blade to cut through the thread .


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Question: Cowry shells are sometimes used in a way similar to dice , e.g. , in board games like Pachisi , or in divination ( cf . IfÃ and the annual customs of Dahomey ) .

Cowry shells are sometimes used in a way similar to dice , e.g. , in board games like Pachisi , Ashta Chamma ( board game ) or in divination ( cf . IfÃ and the annual customs of Dahomey ) .

She points out that buckets of apples were found in the Oseberg ship burial site in Norway , and that fruit and nuts ( IÃ unn having been described as being transformed into a nut in SkÃ ldskaparmÃ l ) have been found in the early graves of the Germanic peoples in England and elsewhere on the continent of Europe , which may have had a symbolic meaning , and that nuts are still a recognized symbol of fertility in southwest England .


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Question: They are also worn as jewelry or otherwise used as ornaments or charms , as they are viewed as symbols of womanhood , fertility , birth and wealth .

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Cowry shells are also worn as jewelry or otherwise used as ornaments or charms . They are viewed as symbols of womanhood , fertility , birth and wealth .

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Stories depict them as intelligent beings and as possessing magical abilities that increase with their age and wisdom .


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Question: All varieties have a porcelain-like shine ( except Hawaii 's granulated cowry ) and many have colorful patterns .

All cowry shells have a porcelain-like shine except Hawaii 's granulated cowry , Cypraea granulata . Many have colorful patterns .

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They form a large sweet fruit with a thin skin .


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Question: There is some debate about how they traded for or found these shells so far inland , away from the natural sources .

There is some debate about how the Ojibway traded for or found these shells , so far inland and so far north , very distant from the natural habitat .

They are equally common in both Australia and New Zealand , and very common in Canada .


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Question: Oral stories and birch bark scrolls seem to indicate that they were found in the ground , and\/or washed up on the shores of lakes or rivers .

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Oral stories and birch bark scrolls seem to indicate that the shells were found in the ground , or washed up on the shores of lakes or rivers .

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Apart from some tentative evidence suggesting that a few animals foundered around on land , most of the continents resembled deserts spanning from horizon to horizon .


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Question: Sizes range from 5 mm ( 1\/5 '' ) for some tropical species to 15 cm ( 6 '' ) for the tiger cowry , Cypraea tigris .

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Lengths range from 5 mm for some species up to 15 cm for the tiger cowry , Cypraea tigris .

Papyrus usually grow 2 â `` 3 meters ( 5 â `` 9 ft ) tall .


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Question: Petroforms in the Whiteshell Provincial Park may be as old as 8,000 years , and there are questions about how long the shells were used in that area as well .

Petroforms in the Whiteshell Provincial Park may be as old as 8,000 years .

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Mammoths are believed to have roamed here as recently as 40,000 years ago , and they are thought to have created these severe rubbing marks .


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Question: The Ojibway aboriginal people in North America used the cowry shells ( which they called sacred Megis Shells or whiteshells ) in Midewiwin ceremonies , and the Whiteshell Provincial Park in Manitoba , Canada is named after this type of shell .

The Ojibway aboriginal people in North America used cowry shells which they called sacred Miigis Shells or whiteshells in Midewiwin ceremonies , and the Whiteshell Provincial Park in Manitoba , Canada is named after this type of shell .

The Ghanaian unit of currency known as the Ghanaian cedi was named after cowry shells . Starting over three thousand years ago , cowry shells , or copies of the shells , were used as Chinese currency .


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Question: Cypraea moneta ) were used as a currency in Africa ( Ghanaian cedi in Ghana named after cowry shells ) and elsewhere , such as in China where the shell or copies of the shell were in theory used as a means of exchange .

The Ghanaian unit of currency known as the Ghanaian cedi was named after cowry shells . Starting over three thousand years ago , cowry shells , or copies of the shells , were used as Chinese currency .

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The guilder originated as a gold coin ( hence the name ) but has been a common name for a silver or base metal coin for some centuries .


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Question: Only around a tenth of child sexual abuse cases were abused by strangers , and the rest are other people whom the child knows such as friends of the family , babysitters , or neighbors . Men are the offenders in most child sexual abuse ; women are the offenders in around 10 % of the cases .

Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances such as ` friends ' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases .

Understanding the causes of abuse is crucial to addressing the problem of child abuse . Parents who physically abuse their spouses are more likely than others to physically abuse their children .


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Question: Men are the offenders in most child sexual abuse ; women are the offenders in around 10 % of the cases .

Causal factors of child sex offenders are not known conclusively . The experience of sexual abuse as a child was previously thought to be a strong risk factor , but research does not show a causal relationship , as the vast majority of sexually abused children do not grow up to be adult offenders , nor do the majority of adult offenders report childhood sexual abuse .

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â Annually , according to U.S. Government-sponsored research completed in 2006 , approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across national borders , which does not include millions trafficked within their own countries .


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Question: These effects include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , a higher chance of later abuse , and physical injury .

The effects of child sexual abuse include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems .

It can also often be complicated by the sufferer 's lack of judgment and insight regarding periods of exacerbation of characteristic states .


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Question: When a child is sexually abused by a family member , it is called `` incest , '' and causes even more serious long-term psychological trauma , especially when the incest is done by a parent .

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Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest , and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest .

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Causal factors of child sex offenders are not known conclusively . The experience of sexual abuse as a child was previously thought to be a strong risk factor , but research does not show a causal relationship , as the vast majority of sexually abused children do not grow up to be adult offenders , nor do the majority of adult offenders report childhood sexual abuse .


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Question: Child sexual abuse is a kind of child abuse when an adult or someone else in control makes a child do any kind of sexual activities , including kissing and hugging .

Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation .

The prepubescent pornography is viewed and collected by pedophiles for a variety of purposes , ranging from private sexual uses , trading with other pedophiles , preparing children for sexual abuse as part of the process known as `` child grooming '' , or enticement leading to entrapment for sexual exploitation such as production of new child pornography or child prostitution .


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Question: Child sexual abuse is not rare .

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Child sexual abuse offenses where the perpetrator is related to the child , either by blood or marriage , is a form of incest described as intrafamilial child sexual abuse .

Father-daughter incest was for many years the most commonly reported and studied form of incest .


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Question: Xanten is a historic town in the Wesel district of the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany .

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Xanten ( , Lower Franconian Santen ) is a historic town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany , located in the district of Wesel .

Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .