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'['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.', 'In January of 2004 , Geir IvarsÃ y said he wanted to resign as a board member in Opera Software , though he kept working in the company after that .']' == '["represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words\nFor example, 'She was not prominently featured until March 26 , 2003 , when she teamed with Amazing Red as part of his feud against Kid Kashâ '' the X Division Championâ '' and Trinity .' should be close to 'On March 26 , 2003 , she teamed with Amazing Red against Kid Kashâ '' the X Division Championâ '' and Trinity .'", 'At a board meeting in January 2004 , Geir IvarsÃ y announced his wish to resign as a board member in Opera Software , though he remained active in the company even after that .']' != '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length!', 'However , PeÃ a had severed all ties to his former company both prior to the contract and prior to becoming Transportation Secretary .']'

Question: The region is one the most complicated in the post-Soviet area , and has three heavily disputed areas â `` Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia , and Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan .

The region remains one of the most complicated in the post-Soviet area , and comprises three heavily disputed areas â `` Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia , and Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan .

Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War , Armenia has committed many elements of the army to help bolster the defense and defend the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh from a possible renewal of hostilities with neighboring Azerbaijan .


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Question: The countries in the region produce oil , manganese ore , tea , citrus fruits , and wine .

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The countries of the region are producers of oil , manganese ore , tea , citrus fruits , and wine .

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Current agricultural products are cattle , wheat , dairy products , corn , and hay .


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represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words

For instance you may be given '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'DÃ 1\\/4 ren is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany between Cologne and Aachen .']' and it should match with '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'The emblem of the city of DÃ 1\\/4 ren is divided .']' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'MÃ nchengladbach is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .']'.

Question: All of Armenia is in Transcaucasia ; the majority of Georgia and Azerbaijan , including the exclave of NaxÃ ivan , fall within this area .

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All of Armenia is in Southern Caucasus ; the majority of Georgia and Azerbaijan , including the exclave of NaxÃ ivan , fall within this area .

The languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains , which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea .


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Question: The area of Transcaucasia , which is where modern day Azerbaijan , Georgia and Armenia are located , is one of areas where the wine producing vines vitis vinifera grow .

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Transcaucasia , in particular where modern day Georgia and Armenia are located , is one of the native areas of the wine producing vine Vitis vinifera .

Originating in the eastern Mediterranean coast of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ) , it quickly spread to Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor and Egypt , it grew in size and influence over a few decades , and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire .


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Question: The region was combined togerther twice â `` during the Russian Civil War ( Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic ) from 9 April 1918 to 26 May 1918 , and under the Soviet rule ( Transcaucasian SFSR ) from 12 March 1922 to 5 December 1936 .

The region was unified as a single political entity twice â `` during the Russian Civil War ( Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic ) from 9 April 1918 to 26 May 1918 , and under the Soviet rule ( Transcaucasian SFSR ) from 12 March 1922 to 5 December 1936 .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length
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"['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'In the locality of Punta Falcone is an astronomical observatory , created in 1976 .']" == "['Represent the next text', 'In the locality of Punta Falcone there is an astronomical observatory , built in 1976 .']"

Alfred Edward Morgans ( 17 February 1850 â `` 10 August 1933 ) was Premier of Western Australia for just 32 days , from 21 November to 23 December 1901 .


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Question: South Caucasus , also referred to as Transcaucasia or Transcaucasus , is the southern area of the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia , going from the Greater Caucasus to the Turkish and Iranian borders , between the Black and Caspian Seas .

The South Caucasus is a geopolitical region located on the border of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia also referred to as Transcaucasia , or The Transcaucasus . More specifically , the South Caucasus area spans the southern portion of the Caucasus Mountains and its lowlands , lying between the two continents of Europe and Asia and extending from the southern part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain range of southwestern Russia and going southerly to the Turkish and Armenian borders , traveling between the Black and Caspian Seas .

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The Persian Gulf , in Southwest Asia , is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran ( formerly called Persia ) and the Arabian Peninsula .


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Question: It was composed between 1838 and 1840 . It was first performed at the Hofoper , Dresden on 20 October 1842 .

Written between July 1838 and November 1840 , it was first performed at the Hofoper , Dresden on October 20 , 1842 , and was the composer 's first success .

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Maria Stuarda ( Mary Stuart ) is a tragic opera , ( tragedia lirica ) , in two acts , by Gaetano Donizetti , to a libretto by Giuseppe Bardari , based on Friedrich von Schiller 's 1800 play Maria Stuart . It premiered on 30 December 1835 at La Scala , Milan .


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Question: Rienzi is an opera by Richard Wagner .

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Moreover , Wagner 's wife Minna , in a letter of October 28 , 1840 to Wagner 's friend Apel , who had likely first made the suggestion that Wagner compose Rienzi , mentions a plan to perform the overture to Rienzi ' a fortnight hence ' , but contains a clear indication that her husband had just been committed to a debtor 's prison . The full score of Rienzi was completed on November 19 , 1840 .

The Perfect Fool is an opera in one act with music and libretto by the English composer Gustav Holst .


Question: Its full title is Rienzi , der Letzte der Tribunen ( Rienzi , the Last of the Tribunes ) .

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Rienzi , der Letzte der Tribunen ( WWV 49 ) ( Rienzi , the Last of the Tribunes ) is an early opera by Richard Wagner in five acts , with the libretto written by the composer after Bulwer-Lytton 's novel of the same name ( 1835 ) . The title is commonly shortened to Rienzi .

Some of these stories are very popular in German-speaking countries to this day , such as Der kleine Muck ( The Story of Little Muck ) , Kalif Storch ( Caliph Stork ) and Die Geschichte von dem Gespensterschiff ( The Tale of the Ghost Ship ) -- all set in the Orient and Der Zwerg Nase ( Little Longnose ) , Das kalte Herz ( The Cold Heart ) and Das Wirtshaus im Spessart ( The Inn in the Spessart ) , set in Germany .


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Question: The story of the opera is set in Rome and is based on the life of Cola di Rienzi ( 1313-1354 ) , a medieval Italian populist figure who manages to trick the nobles and their followers . He helps the people to get power .

The opera is set in Rome and is based on the life of Cola di Rienzi ( 1313 â `` 1354 ) , a medieval Italian populist figure who succeeds in outwitting and then defeating the nobles and their followers and in raising the power of the people .

Her father Edoardo Fallaci , a cabinet maker in Florence , was a political activist struggling to put an end to the dictatorship of Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini . It was during this period that Fallaci was first exposed to the atrocities of war .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning.

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For instance you may be given '['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Teplyakov was born in the USSR on November 6 , 1925 .']' and it should match with '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'V.A. Teplyakov was born in Tambov , Russian SFSR , USSR , on November 6 , 1925 .']' but not with '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Mello was born in New Haven , Connecticut on October 18 , 1960 .']'.

Question: Herrin is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Herrin was the site of the 1922 Herrin massacre , during which two union miners and 19 strike-breakers were killed .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: La FÃ dÃ ration Internationale de l'Automobile , commonly referred to as the FIA , is a non-profit association established as the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus ( AIACR ) on June 20 , 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organizations and motor car users .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

Example:
Provided: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'They were extinct on the mainland , with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands , until the first mainland release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Sanctuary in 2005 .']" Match: "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'They were extinct on the mainland , with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands , until the first mainland release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in 2005 .']"

The FÃ dÃ ration Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) is a non-profit association established as the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus ( AIACR ) on 20 June 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organizations and motor car users .

The FIFA World Cup ( also called the Football World Cup , the Soccer World Cup , or simply the World Cup ) is an international association football competition contested by the senior men 's national teams of the members of FÃ dÃ ration Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body .


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Question: As is the case with football 's FIFA , the FIA is generally known by its French name and acronym , even in English-speaking countries , but is occasionally rendered as International Automobile Federation .

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As is the case with football 's FIFA , the FIA is generally known by its French name and acronym , even in non French-speaking countries , but is occasionally rendered as International Automobile Federation .

The following codes refer to countries or dependent areas that are currently not affiliated with FIFA , but whose codes either appear in the FIFA results database , or are used regularly by confederation websites . The following codes refer to countries or dependent areas that are currently not affiliated with FIFA .


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Question: To the general public , the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for motor racing events .

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To the general public , the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for many auto racing events .

Charlie Whiting ( born 1952 ) is FIA Formula One Race Director , Safety Delegate , Permanent Starter and head of the F1 Technical Department , in which capacities he generally manages the logistics of each F1 Grand Prix , inspects cars in Parc fermÃ before a race , enforces FIA rules , and controls the lights which start each race .


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Question: The American Stock Exchange ( AMEX ) is a stock exchange in New York City .

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NYSE Amex Equities , formerly known as the American Stock Exchange ( AMEX ) is an American stock exchange situated in New York .

The Grand Olympic Auditorium is the former name of a sports venue in Los Angeles , California , United States .


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Question: Francesco Tavano ( born 2 March 1979 ) is an Italian football player . He plays for Livorno .

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Francesco `` Ciccio '' Tavano ( born 2 March 1979 in Caserta ) is an Italian football a striker who currently plays for Livorno Calcio of Serie A. He is a striker renowned for his pace and technique .

Bernardo Corradi ( born 30 March 1976 ) is an Italian footballer , who plays as a striker for Serie A side Udinese Calcio .


Question: This is a category for video game remakes .

Note : This category is for remakes , not ports .

This category contains articles related to science fiction television series .


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Question: There are several organized associations in mathematical physics , one is the International Association of Mathematical Physics .

Mathematical physics refers to development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics .

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In the United States the most important art history organization is the College Art Association .


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Question: Electrochemistry is a kind of chemistry that studies chemical reactions that use or make electricity : Reactions like this happen at electrodes which are made from something that conducts electricity , and put in an electrolyte . An electrolyte is a solution that has ions in it .

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor ( a metal or a semiconductor ) and an ionic conductor ( the electrolyte ) , and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution .

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When there is an excess of electrons , the object is said to be negatively charged . When there are fewer electrons than the number of protons in nuclei , the object is said to be positively charged .


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Question: It has an area of 3,844 kmÂ which is divided into four administrative districts ( arrondissements in French ) containing 84 municipalities .

It has an area of 3,844 kmÂ , which is divided into four administrative districts ( arrondissements in French ) containing 84 municipalities .

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The province as of June 20 2006 is divided into the following municipalities ( municipios ) and municipal districts ( distrito municipal - D.M. ) within them :


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Question: LiÃ ge is the easternmost province of the Walloon Region , in Belgium .

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LiÃ ge is the easternmost province of Belgium and belongs to the Walloon Region .

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Walloon is spoken in the Wallonia Region in Belgium .


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Question: It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg and in Belgium the provinces of Luxembourg , Namur , Walloon Brabant ( Wallonia ) , and those of Flemish Brabant and Limburg ( Flanders ) .

It borders on ( clockwise from the north ) the Netherlands , Germany and in Belgium the provinces of Luxembourg , Namur , Walloon Brabant ( Wallonia ) , and those of Flemish Brabant and Limburg ( Flanders ) .

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Habay is a municipality of Belgium . It lies in the country 's Walloon Region and Luxembourg Province .


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Question: He also has two Grandsons , Jay Raina and Raj Krishan Raina .

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He also has two Grandsons , Jay Raina and Raj Raina .

represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning Given ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "`` Hope '' is the title of a song by Canadian music group Our Lady Peace . It was the third single released from their debut 1994 album , Naveed ."], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "`` Hope ' '' is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their debut studio album Naveed , which was released in 1994 ."]

Xavier has two sons , Joaquin and Finojet .


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Question: He attended Patna Science College from 1953-55 and is a 1959 graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur , India , obtained his Master 's Degree from the University of Toronto and earned his doctorate in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois .

He attended Patna Science College from 1953 to 1955 and is a 1959 graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur , India , obtained his Master 's Degree from the University of Toronto and earned his doctorate in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois .

Selby was born in Morgantown , West Virginia , the son of Sarah E. McIntyre Selby and Clyde Ira Selby , a carpenter . He attended West Virginia University in his hometown , earning Bachelor of Science and Master 's degrees in theater , followed by a Ph. D. from Southern Illinois University .


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Question: Dr. Prasad has founded several non-profit organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area such as the Vedic Dharma Samaj that now runs the Fremont Hindu temple , Ramayan Sabha , and the Universal Yoga Center of San Francisco .

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Prasad is the founding member of several non-profit organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area such as the Vedic Dharma Samaj that now runs the Fremont Hindu temple , Ramayan Sabha , and the Universal Yoga Center of San Francisco .

Miki is also the vice president of Shinshuren , the Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan .


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Question: He has translated the Bhagavad Gita into English in 1988 from the Sanskrit text .

He has translated the Bhagavad Gita into English in 1988 from the original Sanskrit texts and the book is currently in its fourth edition .

At least two different versions of the Ganesha Sahasranama exist ; one version is drawn from the Ganesha Purana , a Hindu scripture venerating Ganesha .


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Question: Prasad was born in Hargawan , Bihar to a farmer who had three acres of land and six children to support .

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Prasad was born in a small hamlet , Hargawan , near Bodh Gaya in Biharsharif District of the Indian state of Bihar to a farmer who had 3 a of land and six children to support .

However more recent research has led to the claim that he was born a Tibetan in Kharta valley , Tibet , but his family were left destitute when their yaks were killed by disease , and he was sold as a bonded servant to a Sherpa family in Thamel in Nepal .


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Question: In about one billion years , Triton is calculated that it will either collide into Neptune 's atmosphere , or break up into ring systems similar to those patterns of Saturn 's .

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Tidal interactions have also meant that Triton 's orbit , already close to Neptune , is slowly decaying further , and predictions are that some 3.6 billion years from now , Triton will pass within Neptune 's Roche limit . This will result in either a collision with Neptune 's atmosphere or the breakup of Triton , forming a ring system similar to that found around Saturn .

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For example, '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'Primarily because of its messianic promise , the book of Malachi is frequently referred to in the Christian New Testament . What follows is a brief comparison between the book of Malachi and the New Testament texts which refer to it ( as suggested in Hill 84-88 ) .']' should be close to '['represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'The Book of Malachi , is the last of the books of the Old Testament .']'

The gravity of shepherd moons serves to maintain a sharply defined edge to the ring ; material that drifts closer to the shepherd moon 's orbit is either deflected back into the body of the ring , ejected from the system , or accreted onto the moon itself .


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Question: Goryeo increased its borders to Chung-cheon river and Youngheong ( 936 ~ 943 ) and the Amnok River ( 933 ) .

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Goryeo expanded its borders to present-day Wonsan in the north-east ( 936 ~ 943 ) and the Amnok River ( 993 ) and finally almost the whole of the Korean peninsula ( 1374 ) .

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The Jikji was written by the Buddhist monk Baegun ( 1298-1374 , Buddhist name Gyeonghan ) , who served as the chief priest of Anguk and Shingwang temples in Haeju , and was published in two volumes in Seongbulsan in 1372 .


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Question: Silla had accomplished an unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea in 668 . But it weakened as local lords achieved power during the end of the 9th century .

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Silla , which had accomplished an incomplete unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea in 668 , weakened and lost control over local lords during the end of the 9th century .

It was founded by the Li ( æ ) family , who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire .


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represent the sentence for finding a wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning

Examples:
'["represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words\n\nThe query could be 'In Finnish side there are provinces of North Karelia and South Karelia .' and should be close to 'The Finnish side consists of parts of the regions ( maakunta ) of South Karelia and North Karelia .' but very far from 'Nummi-Pusula was formed in 1981 from the former municipalities Nummi and Pusula .'", 'BBC 6 Music is a UK radio station owned by the BBC .']' == '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', "BBC 6 Music is one of the BBC 's digital radio stations , was launched on 11 March 2002 and originally codenamed Network Y. It was the first national music radio station to be launched by the BBC in 32 years ."]' != '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Before being taken over by the BBC , the channel was known as The Parliamentary Channel , at first operated by United Artists Cable and funded by a consortium of British cable operators . The Parliamentary Channel launched as a cable-exclusive channel in 1992 .']'

Question: The Goryeo Dynasty also called the `` Kingdom of Goryeo '' , is one of the Korean dynasties which existed from 918 to 1392 . It began in 918 with Emperor Taejo .

The Goryeo Dynasty or KoryÅ ( 918-1392 ) was a Korean sovereign state established in 918 by Emperor Taejo .

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Silla ( 57 BC â `` 935 AD ) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea , and one of the longest sustained dynasties in Asian history . Although it was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose , who is also known to be the originator of the Korean family name Park ( ë , æ ) , the dynasty was to see the Gyeongju Kim ( ê , é ` ) clan hold rule for most of its 992-year history .


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Question: Goryeo united the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Later Baekje , Later Goguryeo , and Silla ) and by 1374 ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392 .

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It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392 .

In traditional historiography of China on the other hand , the Yuan Dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty .


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Question: The name `` Goryeo '' came to be said as `` Korea '' by foreigners and is still the name of the country .

The English name `` Korea '' derives from `` Goryeo . ''

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The Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 â `` 1368 ) was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China . In historiography of Mongolia , it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire .


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Question: Henry IV ( April 3 1367 â `` March 20 1413 ) was a king of England .

Henry IV ( possibly 3 April 1366 -- 20 March 1413 ) was King of England and Lord of Ireland ( 1399 -- 1413 ) .

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Rudolph ( also Radulf , Ralph , or Raoul ) ( c. 890 â `` 14\/15 January 936 ) was the Duke of Burgundy between 921 and 923 and King of Western Francia from thereafter to his death .


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Question: Henry consulted with Parliament frequently , but was sometimes at odds with them , especially over religious matters .

Henry consulted with Parliament frequently , but was sometimes at odds with the members , especially over ecclesiastical matters .

FitzGerald , firmly ensconced as Foreign Minister , was free from any blame due to other Ministers mishandling of the economy .


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Question: On Arundel 's advice , Henry was the first English king to allow the burning of heretics , mainly to suppress the Lollard movement .

On Arundel 's advice , Henry passed the De heretico comburendo and was thus the first English king to allow the burning of heretics , mainly to suppress the Lollard movement .

They had to explain their faith before a panel of three clergymen , including issues which were then debated within the Church , as the universal priesthood , the gospel in the vulgar tongue , and the issue of self-imposed poverty .


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Question: Instead , Henry had to ask for the lands from Richard .

Instead , Henry would be required to ask for the lands from Richard .

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Question: The next year John of Gaunt died , and Richard would not allow Henry to inherit Gaunt 's land .

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John of Gaunt died in 1399 . Without explanation , Richard canceled the legal documents that would have allowed Henry to inherit Gaunt 's land automatically .

When Matilda 's father abdicated and retired to a monastery the same year , this was joined with Boulogne and the similarly large English honor Matilda inherited . On Eustace III 's death , Matilda and her husband became joint rulers of Boulogne .


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Question: King Richard ordered Henry to live outside England for ten years ( with the approval of Henry 's father , John of Gaunt ) but Thomas de Mowbray was exiled from England for life .

Yet before the duel could take place , Richard II instead decided to banish Henry from the kingdom ( with the approval of Henry 's father , John of Gaunt ) to avoid further bloodshed . Mowbray himself was exiled for life .

Once married , Arthur was sent to Ludlow Castle on the borders of Wales , to preside over the Council of Wales and the Marches , as was his duty as Prince of Wales , and his bride accompanied him .


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Question: Henry and Thomas de Mowbray , 1st Duke of Norfolk argued in 1398 .

represent this input text to find a wikipedia text with the same meaning and length.

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Given ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'His successor , Vice Mayor Antonio de Jesus Villegas , pursued his plan .'], a positive would be ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', "Vice Mayor Antonio Villegas took over and continued Lacson 's plan ."]

In 1398 , a remark by Bolingbroke regarding Richard II 's rule was interpreted as treason by Thomas de Mowbray , 1st Duke of Norfolk .

Its value was Â # 61 and it was in the king 's ownership until Richard I passed it to the Earl of Albemarle in 1190 .


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Question: He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire , which is why he was often called `` Henry Bolingbroke '' .

He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire , hence his other name , Henry ( of ) Bolingbroke .

Daniel Webster 's great-great-grandfather was Thomas Webster ( 1631 â `` 1715 ) , who was born in Ormesby St. Margaret , Norfolk , England and settled in New Hampshire .


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Question: Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel , former Archbishop of Canterbury .

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After some hesitation , Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel , former Archbishop of Canterbury , who had lost his position because of his involvement with the Lords Appellant .

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Ralph Baines , the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield was deprived of his bishopric ( 21 June , 1559 ) on the accession of Elizabeth I of England and committed to the imprisonment of Edmund Grindal , the Protestant Bishop of London .


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Question: Sir Roger Penrose , OM , FRS ( born 8 August 1931 ) is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute , University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College .

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Sir Roger Penrose OM FRS ( born 8 August 1931 ) is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute , University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College .

William Bateson ( Robin Hood 's Bay , August 8 , 1861 -- February 8 , 1926 ) was a British geneticist , a Fellow of St. John 's College , Cambridge .


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Question: Roger Penrose is the son of scientist Lionel S. Penrose and Margaret Leathes , and the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and correspondence chess grandmaster Jonathan Penrose .

Born in Colchester , Essex , England , Roger Penrose is a son of Lionel S. Penrose and Margaret Leathes . Penrose is the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and of chess Grandmaster Jonathan Penrose .

Notable people from Bury St Edmunds include author Norah Lofts , artist Rose Mead , artist and printer Sybil Andrews , actors Bob Hoskins and Michael Maloney theater director Sir Peter Hall , author Maria Lousie de la RamÃ ( also known as Ouida ) , Canadian journalist and author Richard Gwyn , cyclist James Moore , World War II Canadian general Guy Simonds , footballer Andy Marshall and the 18th-century landscape architect Humphry Repton , Bishop of Winchester and Lord High Chancellor Stephen Gardiner , as well as Thomas Clarkson fact-finder behind the abolition of the slave trade .


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Question: It is also known as the `` Jesus Christ Lizard '' because it can run on the surface of water .

It is also known as the Jesus Lizard , Jesus Christ Lizard , or Lagarto de Jesus Cristo for its ability to run on the surface of water .

During the day they remain cool by staying in the water or mud ; reproduction and childbirth both occur in water .


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Question: The Common Basilisk ( Basiliscus basiliscus ) is a type of lizard . It can be found in Central and South American rainforests near rivers and streams .

The Common Basilisk ( Basiliscus basiliscus ) is a lizard found in Central and South American rainforests near rivers and streams .

Though African spiny mice originated in the deserts of Africa , they are frequently kept as exotic pets in other parts of the world , particularly Western nations such as the United States .


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Question: Stein is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Stein is a municipality in the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

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Schupfart is a municipality in the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


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Question: Cerizy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Cerizy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


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Question: Darren Fletcher ( born 1 February 1984 ) is a Scottish football player . He plays for Manchester United and Scotland national team .

Darren Barr Fletcher ( born 1 February 1984 in Dalkeith , Scotland ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a Central Midfielder for English Premier League club Manchester United .

Leon Osman ( born 17 May 1981 ) is an English football player who plays for Everton in the Premier League .


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Question: Charles I of England ( 19 November 1600 â `` 30 January 1649 ) , was the King of England and Scotland , of the House of Stuart , crowned 27 March 1625 .

Charles I ( 19 November 1600 â `` 30 January 1649 ) was the second son of James VI of Scots and I of England . He was King of England , King of Scotland , and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649 .

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Jane Seymour ( 1508 â `` 24 October 1537 ) was Queen consort of England as the third wife of King Henry VIII .


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Question: Migros is a supermarket chain found in Switzerland and other countries .

Migros is one of Switzerland 's largest enterprises , its largest supermarket chain and largest employer . It co-founded Turkey 's largest retailer , Migros TÃ 1\/4 rk , which became independent of Migros Switzerland in 1975 .

When Konzum first opened , it was known as Unikonzum . Since then it has expanded into Croatia 's biggest supermarket chain , Its business has grown a lot since Croatia broke off of former Yugoslavia .


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Question: At first he sold only coffee , rice , sugar , noodles , coconut oil and soap .

At first he sold only coffee , rice , sugar , noodles , coconut oil and soap from trucks that went from one village or hamlet to another .

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Bangui manufactures include textiles , food products , beer , shoes , and soap .


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Question: Later , he started selling more and in 1926 , Duttweiler built his first market , also in ZÃ 1\/4 rich .

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Later he and his drivers expanded their inventory and in 1926 Duttweiler built his first market , also in ZÃ 1\/4 rich .

Over the next few centuries , Kupferhof Bauschenberg merged with Dollartshammer and StraÃ burger Hof to build the company Prym .


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Question: The Franks are medieval Germanic tribes .

The Franks were medieval Germanic tribes .

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Its name was taken from the Helvetii people .


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Question: Cirsium vulgare is listed as a weed in nine US states .

Cirsium vulgare ( Bull Thistle , Common Thistle , or Spear Thistle ) is listed as a noxious weed in nine US states .

Though fairly restricted in range , it is common enough to be considered a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN .


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Question: They are mostly native to Eurasia and northern Africa . There are about 60 species in North America ( although many species have been naturalized outside their native ranges ) .

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Example:
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They are mostly native to Eurasia and northern Africa , with about 60 species from North America ( although several species have been introduced outside their native ranges ) .

It is indigenous to a small area of southern New South Wales in Australia , but it has been widely planted in other Australian states .


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Question: Some species are planted in gardens for their beauty and to attract butterflies .

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Some species are cultivated in gardens for their aesthetic value and to attract butterflies .

These predatory insects will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects around , thus functioning as ` bodyguards ' .


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Question: Cirsium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae . It is one of many genera with the common name being thistles .

Cirsium is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae , one of several genera known commonly as thistles .

Anaphalis ( A-n Ã - pha-lis ) is a genus within the composite family whose members are commonly known by the name Pearly everlasting .


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Question: The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) is the biggest of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland .

The Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ) is the larger of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland .

A re-instituted ceasefire later followed as part of the negotiations strategy , which saw teams from the British and Irish governments , the Ulster Unionist Party , the SDLP , Sinn FÃ in and representatives of loyalist paramilitary organizations , under the chairmanship of former United States Senator George Mitchell , produced the Belfast Agreement ( also called the Good Friday Agreement as it was signed on Good Friday , 1998 ) .


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Question: It was first described by Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet in 1837 .

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It was first described by Claude Pouillet in 1837 .

He succeeded CÃ sar Franck as organist at Saint Clotilde Basilica in Paris from 1890 to 1898 .


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Question: It is an analog electromechanical transducer that produces a rotary deflection , through a limited arc , in response to electric current flowing through its coil .

It is an analog electromechanical transducer that produces a rotary deflection of some type of pointer in response to electric current flowing through its coil .

The voltmeter works by measuring the current through a fixed resistor , which , according to Ohm 's Law , is proportional to the voltage across the resistor .


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Question: Careful design of the pole pieces ensures that the magnetic field is uniform , so that the angle of the pointer is proportional to the current .

Careful design of the pole pieces ensures that the magnetic field is uniform , so that the angular deflection of the pointer is proportional to the current .

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The benefit to using a constant height mode is that it is faster , as the piezoelectric movements require more time to register the change in constant current mode than the voltage response in constant height mode .


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Question: A galvanometer is a type of ammeter . It is an instrument for detecting and measuring electric current .

A galvanometer is a type of ammeter : an instrument for detecting and measuring electric current .

The electric charge flows in a constant direction , distinguishing it from alternating current ( AC ) .


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Question: The term has been expanded to include uses of the same mechanism in recording , positioning , and servomechanism equipment .

The term has expanded to include uses of the same mechanism in recording , positioning , and servomechanism equipment .

Graphical projection is a protocol by which an image of an three-dimensional object is projected onto a planar surface without the aid of mathematical calculation , used in technical drawing .


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Question: U ( lowercase u ) is the twenty-first ( number 21 ) letter in the English alphabet .

U ( ; u , plural ues . Can be pronounced , you ) is the twenty-first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet .

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The letters Q , W , and X of the modern basic Latin alphabet do not occur in the Turkish alphabet .


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Question: One way is to use a pair of cymbals that are the same .

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Such a pair is also known as crash cymbals or plates .

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The first component features tiny hooks ; the second features even smaller and `` hairier '' loops .


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Question: Cymbals are used in many different musical groups . They are heard in an orchestra , in jazz groups , percussion groups and bands , including marching bands .

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Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra , percussion ensembles , jazz bands , heavy metal bands , and marching groups .

The album is split in two stylistically , with tracks 1 through 7 featuring electronic instruments such as synthesizers and drum machines and tracks 9 through 13 using traditional instruments such as the accordion and organ .


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Question: There are two ways of playing cymbals . One way is to use a pair of cymbals that are the same .

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Cymbals are a common percussion instrument .

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The kick drum , struck with a beater attached to a pedal , is usually seen on drum kits . The third type , the pitched bass drum , is generally used in marching bands and drum corps .


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Question: Bassett is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Bassett is a city in Chickasaw County , Iowa , United States .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi was born in 1920 in Livorno , Italy .

Ciampi was born in Livorno ( Province of Livorno ) .

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Oronzio Maldarelli was an American sculptor ( 1892 - 1963 ) born in Naples , Italy .


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Question: DÃ mouville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

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DÃ mouville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .

Sept-Fr Ã res ( English : Seven Brothers ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


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Question: John Nance Garner IV nicknamed `` Cactus Jack '' ( November 22 , 1868 â `` November 7 , 1967 ) was the forty-fourth Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( 1931-33 ) and the thirty-second Vice President of the United States ( 1933-41 ) .

John Nance Garner IV ( November 22 , 1868 -- November 7 , 1967 ) , was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( 1931 â `` 33 ) and the 32nd Vice President of the United States ( 1933 â `` 41 ) .

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Thelma Catherine `` Pat '' Ryan Nixon ( March 16 , 1912 â `` June 22 , 1993 ) was the wife of Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and was First Lady of the United States from 1969 to 1974 .


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Question: Calhoun County is a county located in South Carolina .

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Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina .

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Lafayette County is a county located in the state of Florida .


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Question: A cockpit is the area , usually near the front of an aircraft , from which a pilot controls the aircraft . The cockpit is also referred to as the flight deck although that term can also refer to the flight deck on an aircraft carrier .

A cockpit or flight deck is the area , usually near the front of an aircraft , from which a pilot controls the aircraft .

A passenger is a term broadly used to describe any person who travels in a vehicle , but bears little or no responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination .


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Question: Determining what records have enduring value is not always easy .

Determining what records have enduring value can be challenging .

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Deciding whether primary , secondary or tertiary sources are appropriate on any given occasion is a matter of common sense and good editorial judgment , and should be discussed on article talk pages .


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Question: An archivist is a professional who collects , organizes , preserves , maintains control over , and provides access to information determined to have long-term value .

An archivist is a professional who assesses , collects , organizes , preserves , maintains control over , and provides access to information determined to have long-term value .

The term can also refer to the building where the specimens are stored , or the scientific institute that not only stores but researches these specimens .


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Cormoz is a commune .

Cormoz is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


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Question: In 1907 the chairman of the Joint Parliamentary Library Committee , Sir Frederick Holder , gave the reasons for having the library .

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In 1907 the Joint Parliamentary Library Committee under the Chairmanship of the Speaker , Sir Frederick Holder defined the objective of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library in the following words :

In 1945 , 23 Labor Co-operative MPs were elected and two had high office in the Labor government - Alexander and Alfred Barnes , who had been chair of the Party .


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Question: The National Library of Australia is Australia 's largest reference library . It was started by the National Library Act .

The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia , responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for `` maintaining and developing a national collection of library material , including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian people . ''

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It was created as the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics on 8 December 1905 , when the Census and Statistics Act 1905 was given Royal assent .


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Question: The Library has good collections in the performing arts , including dance . The Library also has big collections of general overseas and rare book materials , as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which add to the Australian collections .

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The East Asian collections are among the best in Europe , with particular strengths in ceramics and metalwork , while the Islamic collection , alongside the MusÃ e du Louvre and Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York , is amongst the largest in the world .


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Question: It had been working as a National Library , not just a Parliamentary Library , since 1901 .

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In 1901 a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia . From its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection .

This led to the college 's elevation to university status on November 9 , 1965 .


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Question: The Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques . . It keeps an Internet archive of selected Australian websites , called the Pandora Archive .

The Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques ( see padi ) , and maintains an Internet-accessible archive of selected Australian websites called the Pandora Archive .

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Australian Music Online is a website that indexes information related to Australian music .


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Question: The Library also has big collections of general overseas and rare book materials , as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which add to the Australian collections .

The Library 's considerable collections of general overseas and rare book materials , as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which augment the Australiana collections .

In addition , Arovell publishes a magazine about literature , music and art , which contains information about new books and public events .


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Question: The Library 's collections of Australian objects has become the nation 's single most important collection of materials recording the Australian cultural history .

The Library 's collections of Australiana have developed into the nation 's single most important resource of materials recording the Australian cultural heritage .

It has been important in developing and collecting modernist art , and is often identified as the most influential museum of modern art in the world .


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Question: The National Library of Australia , was officially set up with the National Library Act , 1960 . It had been working as a National Library , not just a Parliamentary Library , since 1901 .

The National Library of Australia , while formally established by the passage of the National Library Act , 1960 , had been functioning as a National Library rather than strictly a Parliamentary Library , almost since its inception .

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MARCOM is the descendant of the Canadian Naval Service created by the Canadian Naval Service Act May 4 , 1910 , and later on August 29 , 1911 , designated by royal authority as the Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ) which was Canada 's navy until 1 February 1968 . Prior to 1910 , the Royal Navy provided the maritime defense of Canada .


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Question: In 1901 , a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was started to help the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia .

In 1901 a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia .

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Under the guidance of Sir Samuel Griffith , a draft constitution was drawn up .


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Question: From its beginning , the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library began to develop of a truly national collection .

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From its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection .

From this beginning in the 1950s , a substantial theory has been built up .


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Question: The Library has digitised over 130,000 items from its collection . The 100,000 th was a photo .

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The Library has digitised over 140,000 items from its collection ( the 100,000 th being http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3409117 ) and , where possible , delivers these directly across the Internet .

Each year , Arovell publishes between ten and twenty new books .


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Question: The book was first published in 1549 during the reign of Edward VI of England .

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The first book , published in 1549 , in the reign of Edward VI , was a product of the English Reformation following the break with Rome .

Elizabeth of Scotland , Queen of Bohemia ( 19 August 1596 â `` 13 February 1662 ) was the eldest daughter of James VI and I , King of Scotland , England , and Ireland , and Anne of Denmark .


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Question: It was the first prayer book to contain the forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English and to do so within a single volume .

The work of 1549 was the first prayer book to contain the forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English and to do so within a single volume ; it included morning prayer , evening prayer , the Litany , and Holy Communion .

This addition to the mass was made by Martin Luther in his Deutsche Messe and remains traditional in Lutheran Churches .


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Question: The Book of Common Prayer is an old Anglican prayer book .

The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and of other Anglican churches , used throughout the Anglican Communion .

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While the Authorized Version was meant to replace the Bishops ' Bible as the official version for readings in the Church of England , it was apparently ( unlike the Great Bible ) never specifically `` authorized '' , although it is commonly known as the Authorized Version in the United Kingdom .


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Question: Sonora is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

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Sonora is a city in Hardin County , Kentucky , United States .

Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States .


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Question: Hurricane Ginger is the second longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record .

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Hurricane Ginger was the second-longest lasting Atlantic hurricane on record .

Olivia is still the third strongest September hurricane .


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Question: Villers-sur-F Ã re is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

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Villers-sur-F Ã re is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .

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Agnicourt-et-S Ã chelles is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .


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This is called `` Gothic Revival '' .

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Other Gothic Revival churches were built in Australia , particularly in Melbourne and Sydney , see : Category : Gothic Revival architecture in Australia .


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Question: Mark GonzÃ lez ( born 10 June 1984 ) is a Chilean football player .

Mark Dennis GonzÃ lez Hoffman ( born 10 July 1984 ) , commonly known as Mark GonzÃ lez , is a South African-born Chilean footballer whose preferred position is as a left winger .

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Roberto JÃ lio de Figueiredo ( born 20 February 1979 ) is a Brazilian soccer player .


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Question: He plays for CSKA Moscow and Chile national team .

GonzÃ lez currently plays for CSKA Moscow .

Terry plays in a center back position and is the captain of Chelsea in the Premier League .


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Question: Various consultants offer advice in management , accountancy , the environment , entertainment , technology , law ( tax law , in particular ) , human resources , marketing , emergency management , food production , medicine , finance , statistics , software , life management , economics , public affairs , communication , engineering , sound system design , graphic design , or waste management .

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A consultant ( from `` to discuss '' ) is a professional who provides professional or expert advice in a particular area such as management , accountancy , the environment , entertainment , technology , law ( tax law , in particular ) , human resources , marketing , emergency management , food production , medicine , finance , life management , economics , public affairs , communication , engineering , sound system design , graphic design , or waste management .

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It is an important factor in many fields , such as education , business , online communities or social status .


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Question: A consultant is usually an expert or a professional , in a specific field , who also has a wide knowledge of the subject matter .

A consultant is usually an expert or a professional in a specific field and has a wide knowledge of the subject matter .

In this way , cross-cultural psychology together with international psychology aims to make psychology less ethnocentric in character than it has hitherto been . Cross-cultural psychology is now taught at numerous universities located around the world , both as a specific content area as well as a methodological approach designed to broaden the field of psychology .


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Question: The remaining islands Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba now belong to the Netherlands .

The final statement to emerge from the RTC stated that autonomy for CuraÃ ao and Sint Maarten , plus a new status for Bonaire , Saba and Saint Eustatius would come into effect by 1 July 2007 . On 12 October 2006 , the Netherlands reached an agreement with Saba , Bonaire and Saint Eustatius ; this agreement would make these islands special municipalities .

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The Sint Maarten national football team is the football team of Sint Maarten , the Dutch half of the Saint Martin island which was part of the former Netherlands Antilles ( not to be confused with the team of the French half , the Saint-Martin national football team ) and is controlled by the Sint Maarten Soccer Association .


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Question: Because the Netherlands Antilles was a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , the Dutch Queen was also the Queen of the Netherlands Antilles , but the islands ' residents had a government of their own .

The name ` Netherlands Antilles ' is still sometimes used to indicate the Caribbean islands which are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands .

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For instance, <<['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'Anton Praetorius ( 1560 -- 6 December 1613 ) was a German Calvinist pastor who spoke out against the persecution of witches ( witchhunts , witchcraft trials ) and against torture .']>>  to <<['', 'Anton Praetorius was a German religious person and writer . He was born 1560 in the town of Lippstadt -- he died 6 December 1613 near Heidelberg in Germany .']>>

The Hague is the seat of the Dutch parliament , government and Royal Court ( but the city is not the capital of the Netherlands which is a role set aside in the Dutch constitution for Amsterdam ) .


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Question: The islands Sint Maarten , Sint Eustatius , and Saba are part of the Windward Islands .

In 1983 , the island territory of the Windward islands was split up to form the new island territories of Saint Eustatius , Sint Maarten , and Saba .

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Question: After CuraÃ ao and Sint Maarten left the Netherlands Antilles too on 10 October 2010 and since then , the country does not exist anymore . The remaining islands Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba now belong to the Netherlands .

After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010 , CuraÃ ao and Sint Maarten became autonomous countries within the Kingdom and Bonaire , Saint Eustatius and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands .

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Question: Aruba has left the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 .

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In 1986 , Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles , reducing the number of island territories to five .

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The states originated as separate British colonies prior to Federation ( in 1901 ) .


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Question: Aruba , Bonaire and CuraÃ ao are part of the Leeward Islands .

The Island Regulation originally divided the Netherlands Antilles into four island territories : Aruba , Bonaire , CuraÃ ao , and the Windward islands .

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The islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz , 715 k East of VitÃ ria in the Southern Atlantic Ocean , also belong to Espirito Santo state .


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Question: Aruba has left the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 . After CuraÃ ao and Sint Maarten left the Netherlands Antilles too on 10 October 2010 and since then , the country does not exist anymore .

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Aruba seceded in 1986 as a separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands , and the rest of the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010 , resulting in two new constituent countries , CuraÃ ao and Sint Maarten , with the other islands joining the Netherlands as `` special municipalities '' , officially public bodies .

When the Republic of the Seven United Provinces was declared in 1581 , Drenthe became part of it , although it did not gain provincial status until January 1 , 1796 due to its poverty .


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Question: Sam Mercer is a film producer of many Hollywood films , including several projects directed by M. Night Shyamalan such as Signs and The Sixth Sense , as well as other films like Van Helsing and Things We Lost in the Fire .

Sam Mercer is a producer of many Hollywood films , including several projects directed by M. Night Shyamalan such as Signs and The Sixth Sense , as well as other films like Van Helsing and Things We Lost in the Fire .

He became known in the late 1980s and 1990s , having appeared in several successful Hollywood films , including The Godfather : Part III , The Untouchables , and When a Man Loves a Woman . More recently , he has starred in Ocean 's Eleven and its sequels , Ocean 's Twelve and Ocean 's Thirteen , and The Lost City .


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Question: Saint-Denis-en-Bugey is a commune .

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Saint-Denis-en-Bugey is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

Cruzilles-l Ã s-M Ã pillat is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


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Question: Michael Baur ( born 16 April 1969 ) is a former Austrian football player .

Michael Baur ( born 16 April 1969 in Innsbruck ) is a retired Austrian football player .

Friedrich Koncilia ( born 25 February 1948 ) is a former Austrian football goalkeeper .


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Question: Only the three sauropods Cetiosaurus , Lapparentosaurus , and Archaeodontosaurus have been discovered dating from this time period .

Only the sauropod Cetiosaurus has been discovered dating from this time period .

In 1988 , Gregory S. Paul noted that Brachiosaurus brancai ( on which most popular depictions of Brachiosaurus were based ) showed significant differences from the North American Brachiosaurus , especially in the proportions of its trunk vertebrae and in its more gracile build . Paul used these differences to create a subgenus he named Brachiosaurus ( Giraffatitan ) brancai .


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Question: Africa is rich in Triassic and Lower Jurassic dinosaurs .

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It is rich in Triassic and Early Jurassic dinosaurs .

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Fossil gastropods were less common during the Palaeozoic era than bivalves .


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Question: During the early part of the Upper Cretaceous , North Africa was home to a rich dinosaur fauna .

During the early part of the Late Cretaceous , North Africa was home to a rich dinosaur fauna .

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The larger species , R. giganticus , holds the distinction of being the largest mammal known from the Cretaceous .


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Question: The Upper Cretaceous of Africa is known mainly from North Africa .

The Late Cretaceous of Africa is known mainly from North Africa .

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Skeletal remains of Xiphactinus have come from Kansas , Alabama , and Georgia in the United States , as well as Europe , Australia and Canada .


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Question: The Upper Jurassic , however , is well represented in Africa , mainly thanks to the spectacular Tendaguru Formation .

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The Late Jurassic , however , is well represented in Africa , mainly thanks to the spectacular Tendaguru Formation .

At the start of the 20th century , American paleontologist Charles Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites of Laurentia ( such as Olenellidae , the so called `` Pacific fauna '' ) , as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland and those of Baltica ( such as Paradoxididae , often called the `` Atlantic fauna '' ) , as found in the southern parts of the British Isles and eastern Newfoundland .


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Question: The Lower Cretaceous in Africa is known primarily from the northern part of the continent , particularly Niger .

The Early Cretaceous in Africa is known primarily from the northern part of the continent , particularly Niger .

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For example, '['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'She complained that a standard witness oath would conflict with an oath she had previously sworn to maintain confidentiality about meetings with her king .']' should be close to '['Represent the sentence for finding a Wikipedia sentence equivalent in meaning', 'She complained that the normal witness oath would not be right because she had an oath that she had given to the king .']'


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Question: The town was first mentioned in 1283 , after being given its town charter by Villekinus de Endorpe .

The town was first mentioned in 1283 , upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe .

Count Gerard 's son Gerard II in 1127 acquired the County of Zutphen in northern Hamaland by marriage .


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Question: Viljandi is a town and municipality in southern Estonia . As of 2007 , its population is 19,870 .

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Viljandi is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 19,870 ( 2007 ) .

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Detmold is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , with a population of about 74,000 .


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Question: NCIS ( also called NCIS : Naval Criminal Investigative Service ) is a drama television series on CBS . It is about a team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service in Washington , DC .

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NCIS , formerly known as NCIS : Naval Criminal Investigative Service , is an American police procedural drama television series revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service , which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps .

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The series attempted to create a setting of a gritty , realistic police station similar to that of NYPD Blue , but differed by focusing on the uniformed police officers rather than the detectives .


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Question: NCIS ( also called NCIS : Naval Criminal Investigative Service ) is a drama television series on CBS .

NCIS was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during Season 1 ; however , `` Navy '' was later dropped from the title as it was redundant . NCIS was joined in its seventh season by a spin-off series , NCIS : Los Angeles , starring Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J.

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For instance, <<['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'Wigtownshire or the County of Wigtown is a registration county in the Southern Uplands of south west Scotland .']>>  to "['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length:', 'Wigtownshire or the County of Wigtown is a registration county in the southwest of Scotland .']"

Enterprise ( retitled Star Trek : Enterprise at the start of the third season ) is a science fiction television series .


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Question: Bertogne is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg .

Bertogne is a municipality of Belgium . It lies in the country 's Walloon Region and Luxembourg Province .

Gesves is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur .


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Question: However , since the year 2000 , Baldwin County , Alabama as a whole , has experienced the fastest rate of population growth in the state , second only to Shelby County , Alabama .

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However , since the year 2000 , Baldwin County as a whole , has experienced rapid population growth , second only to Shelby County in Alabama .

St. George , in the southwest , is the second-fastest growing metropolitan area in the United States , trailing Greeley , Colorado .


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Question: At first they were numbered 11136-11176 and later on were numbered D2550-D2619 .

Initially they were numbered 11136-11176 and , later , D2550-D2619 .

Twenty single-car driving motor vehicles , called `` Bubble Cars '' , were built , numbered 55000 â `` 55019 .


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Question: They formed together in 1997 , and have often changed their lineup , with singer Chris Conley being the only original member .

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The band changed their name in late 1997 . Of the original lineup , only Chris Conley remains today .

After working with a number of guitarists ( as the band 's first two guitarists , Kevin Drake and Solon Bixler , left the band due to issues primarily related to touring ) , the three auditioned Tomo MiliÄ eviÄ to round out the band 's roster .


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Question: It was fought on 22 August , 1485 between the Yorkist King Richard III , the last of the Plantagenet dynasty , and the Lancastrian Henry Tudor , 2nd Earl of Richmond , who wanted to become king .

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Fought on 22 August 1485 , the battle was won by the Lancastrians . Their leader Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , became the first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent marriage to a Yorkist princess .

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The college was founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou ( the Queen of Henry VI ) , and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville ( the Queen of Edward IV ) .


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Question: The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was an important battle during the Wars of the Roses in 15th century England .

The Battle of Bosworth Field ( or the Battle of Bosworth ) was the penultimate battle of the Wars of the Roses , the civil war between the House of Lancaster and the House of York that raged across England in the latter half of the 15th century .

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The Battle of Patay ( 18 June 1429 ) was the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the Hundred Years ' War between the French and English in north-central France .


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Question: Michael Anthony Richards ( born July 24 , 1949 ) is an American comedy actor . He is best known for playing Cosmo Kramer on the television show Seinfeld .

Michael Anthony Richards ( born July 24 , 1949 ) is an American actor , comedian , writer and television producer , best known for his portrayal of the eccentric Cosmo Kramer on the television sitcom Seinfeld .

Calista Kay Flockhart ( born November 11 , 1964 ) is an American actress who is primarily recognized for her work in television .


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Question: It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .

commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .

ChÃ cents teau-d ` Olonne is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


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Question: CitroÃ `` n Xsara was a car produced by CitroÃ `` n from 1997 through 2005 .

The CitroÃ `` n Xsara is a small family car produced by French automaker CitroÃ `` n from 1997 to 2006 .

The Renault MÃ gane is a small family car produced by the French automaker Renault since 1995 .


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Question: They were popularized in the 1920s and '30s as weapon of choice of American gangsters and police , in the form of the famous Thompson submachine gun , commonly referred to as the `` Tommy Gun '' .

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They were popularized in the 1920s and 1930s as weapon of choice of American gangsters and police , in the form of the famous Thompson submachine gun , commonly referred to as the `` Tommy Gun '' .

These rifles came out in single shot , bolt action , and double rifle configuration and continued to be used up until ivory hunting died off in the mid 20th century .


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E.g. ['Represent this input text to find a Wikipedia text with the same meaning and length', 'When the temperature of a substance of a substance decreases , the density increases .'] == ['Represent this text in order to find another text from Wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words', 'The reciprocal of the density of a substance is called its specific volume , a representation commonly used in thermodynamics . Density is an intensive property in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density ; rather it increases its mass.'] != ['represent this text in order to find another text from wikipedia that is very very similar (same meaning etc.) but maybe slightly different words!', 'Heat is not the only way to change enthalpy . Enthalpy also changes when the pressure of the environment is altered , even if no energy is exchanged as heat .']

Question: Stocked ( with handle ) automatic weapons firing pistol rounds were developed around the same time during World War I , by Italy , Germany , and the United States .

Stocked automatic weapons firing pistol rounds were developed around the same time during World War I , by Italy , Germany , and the United States .

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The design proved successful in its native country , and after World War II was licensed for use elsewhere in the world .


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Question: Wild animals that can be found around ChojnÃ w are roe-deers , foxes , rabbits and wild domestic animals , especially cats .

, foxes , rabbits and wild domestic animals , especially cats .

Guests can encounter muntjacs , spoonbills , ducks , wallabies and giant anteaters , among others .


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Question: ChojnÃ w is first mentioned in a note dated 1272 as a Haynow settlement .

The settlement of Haynow was mentioned in a 1272 deed .

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It was already called a civitas in a 1288 document issued by the Piast duke Henry V of Legnica , and officially received town privileges in 1333 .


Question: The Whole-Poland bike race Masters has been organized in ChojnÃ w once a year for the past few years .

The Whole-Poland bike race Masters has been organized yearly in ChojnÃ w for the past few years .

The population of IaÅ i county has nearly doubled over the past sixty years .


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Question: In 1288 it 's called city ( civitas ) in documents of Prince of Legnica Henryk V Gruby . In 1333 in gained the status of a city ( civitas ) .

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It was already called a civitas in a 1288 document issued by the Piast duke Henry V of Legnica , and officially received town privileges in 1333 .

The village 's name means `` old LicheÅ '' ; it is often referred to as simply LicheÅ .


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Question: The most interesting monuments of ChojnÃ w are prince of Legnica 's castle from the 13th century ( currently used as a museum ) , two old churches , Baszta Tkaczy ( Weavers ' Tower ) and preserved fragments of city walls .

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Among the interesting monuments of ChojnÃ w are the 13th century castle of the Dukes of Legnica ( currently used as a museum ) , two old churches , the Baszta Tkaczy ( Weavers ' Tower ) and preserved fragments of city walls .

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The fortress was built in 1299 , and the meaning of the name is `` the ( fortified ) house of ( the district ) Aker '' .


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Question: Among products produced in ChojnÃ w are : paperware , agricultural machinery , chains , metal furniture for hospitals , equipment for the meat industry , beer , wine , leather clothing , clothing for infants , children and adults .

Among local products are : paper , agricultural machinery , chains , metal furniture for hospitals , equipment for the meat industry , beer , wine , leather clothing , and clothing for infants , children and adults .

Bangui manufactures include textiles , food products , beer , shoes , and soap .