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Question: Susan Foreman

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of Susan in Big Finish's "Doctor Who Unbound" audio plays "Auld Mortality" (2003) and "A Storm of Angels" (2005), in which Susan has become President of Gallifrey. In the 2003 "Doctor Who Unbound" play "Exile", an alternative Doctor, whose latest regeneration was female (played by Arabella Weir), settles on Earth in 2003 using the identity and 1963 school records of Susan Foreman.
In addition, the spin-off film adaptations "Dr. Who and the

factors; encourage identification by sex assigned at birth; and encourage same-sex friendships. Parent counseling involves setting limits on the child's cross-gender behavior; encouraging gender-neutral or sex-typical activities; examining familial factors; and examining parental factors such as psychopathology. Longtime researchers of gender identity disorder, Kenneth Zucker and Susan Bradley, state that it has been found that boys with gender identity disorder often have mothers who to an extent reinforced behavior more stereotypical of young girls. They also note that children with gender


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Question: Betty Boop

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" (August 1932), the "Talkartoons" were replaced by the "Betty Boop" series, which continued for the next seven years.
Betty Boop was unique among female cartoon characters because she represented a sexual woman. Other female cartoon characters of the same period, such as Minnie Mouse, displayed their underwear or bloomers regularly, in the style of childish or comical characters, not a fully defined woman's form. Many other female cartoons were merely clones of their male co-stars, with alterations in costume

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.
According to Playbill.com, a musical based on Betty Boop is "in the works", with music by David Foster and book by Oscar Williams and Sally Robinson. No dates, theatre or cast are listed.
Portrayal.
Portrayal Sex symbol.
Betty Boop is regarded as one of the first and most famous sex symbols on the animated screen; she is a symbol of the Depression era, and a reminder of the more carefree days of Jazz Age flappers. Her popularity was drawn largely from adult audiences,


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Moses

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Jacob's household; his mother was Jochebed (also Yocheved), who was kin to Kehath. Moses had one older (by seven years) sister, Miriam, and one older (by three years) brother, Aaron.
The Pharaoh had commanded that all male Hebrew children born would be drowned in the river Nile, but Moses' mother placed him in an ark and concealed the ark in the bulrushes by the riverbank, where the baby was discovered and adopted by Pharaoh's daughter, and raised as an Egyptian

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Hardcover - Jan 17, 2003)
- Brain and Longevity by Caleb E. Finch, Jean-Marie Robine and Yves Christen (Hardcover - Jan 31, 2003)
- Human Longevity, Individual Life Duration, and the Growth of the Oldest-Old Population (International Studies in Population) by Jean-Marie Robine, Eileen M. Crimmins, Shiro Horiuchi and Yi Zeng (Paperback - Sep 2007)
- Sex and Longevity: Sexuality, Gender, Reproduction, Parenthood (Research and Perspectives in Longevity) by Jean-


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Question: Amram

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apocryphal literature.
In the Apocryphal "Testament of Levi", it is stated that Amram was born, as a grandson of Levi, when Levi was 64 years old. The Exodus Rabbah argues that when the Pharaoh instructed midwives to throw male children into the Nile, Amram divorced Jochebed, who was three months pregnant with Moses at the time, arguing that there was no justification for the Israelite men to father children if they were just to be killed; however, the text goes on to state that Miriam, his

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Question: Boaz

private farmer or landowner, such as the ones who flourished during the First Aliya. The term was often used with a pejorative connotation by adherents of Socialist Zionism, who were strongly opposed to "the boazim" and counterposed to them the collective Kibbutz and cooperative Moshav forms of agricultural settlement.
This use of "Boaz" became obsolete in later stages of Jewish and Israeli history, and is hardly remembered today. In contemporary Israel, "Boaz" is commonly used as a male first name and carries no special political or


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Question: Mary Baker Eddy

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Bridge, between the years 1838 and 1842, when the present Tilton School served as a female college. She had an instructor of more than average talents in Professor Dyer Hook Sanborn. He was the author of a treatise on normal school teaching, and his "Analytical Grammar" went through eight editions. He was also the town's "superintending school committee" and he became Representative in 1845. Lucy Cross, historian of Northfield, states that it was a "celebrated school," for he was a "model educator

writings are often considered inspired or even infallible.
Mary Baker Eddy was the founder of the Christian Science movement.
Segregation.
Many religions have traditionally practiced sex segregation.
In traditional Jewish synagogues, the women's section is separated from the men's section by a wall or curtain called a mechitza. Men are not permitted to pray in the presence of women, to prevent distraction. The "mechitza" shown in the picture on the right is one in a synagogue affiliated with the 'left wing' (


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Question: Christine Daaé

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Christine Daaé
Christine Daaé is a fictional character and the female protagonist of Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel "The Phantom of the Opera" and of the various adaptations of the work. Erik, the Phantom of the Opera and Viscount Raoul de Chagny both fall in love with her.
Character history.
Character history Lifetime.
Christine Daaé was born in a town near Uppsala, Sweden. Her mother died when she was six years old. Raised by her father, they constantly traveled to fairs where he played the violin

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Several researchers claim the character Christine Daaé was based upon the real-life Swedish-born opera star Christina Nilsson, also known as Kristina Nilsson or Christine Nilsson. This claim is unverified by any official source, but it is supported by several biographical similarities between Nilsson and Daaé. The most obvious is that Nilsson, like Daaé, was born in Sweden and trained in Paris.
Actresses.
The first actress to portray Christine Daaé was Aud Egede-Nissen in the 1916 German silent version by Ernst Matray, "


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represent
E.g.
"['Represent the input:', 'Lage Raho Munna Bhai']" == "['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'Lage Raho Munna Bhai\nLage Raho Munna Bhai ( ) is a 2006 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Rajkumar Hirani and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra. It is the follow-up to the 2003 film "Munna Bhai M.B.B.S." with Sanjay Dutt reprising his role as Munna Bhai, a Mumbai (Bombay) underworld don. In "Lage Raho Munna Bhai", the eponymous lead character starts to see the spirit of Mahatma Gandhi. Through his interactions with Gandhi, he begins to practice what he refers to as "']" != "['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it:', 'else would (Hirani had worked as an editor on Chopra\'s 2000 film "Mission Kashmir"). They also collaborated on the script. "Munna Bhai M.B.B.S." was a runaway success that prompted the duo to contemplate a sequel. The sequel was initially known as "Munnabhai Meets Mahatma Gandhi" and was later titled "Munnabhai 2nd Innings" before the title "Lage Raho Munna Bhai" was finalised.\nHirani admitted in an interview that he felt the burden of expectation while writing the screenplay for "Lage Raho Munna']"

Question: Ellen Churchill Semple

Ellen Churchill Semple
Ellen Churchill Semple (January 8, 1863 – May 8, 1932) was an American geographer and the first female president of the Association of American Geographers. She contributed significantly to the early development of the discipline of geography in the United States, particularly studies of human geography. She is most closely associated with work in anthropogeography and environmentalism, and the debate about "environmental determinism".
Early life.
Semple was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the youngest of five children by Alexander Bonner Semple

(born 1970), Guyanese cricketer
- Ryan Semple (English footballer) (born 1985), English football midfielder
- Ryan Semple (Northern Irish footballer) (born 1977), Northern Irish football midfielder
- Tom Semple (1879-1943), Irish sportsperson
- Tony Semple (born 1970), former professional American football player
People with the surname In science and academia.
- David Semple (1856-1937), bacteriologist
- Ellen Churchill Semple (1863-1932), American geographer


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Question: Sansa Stark

scene "managed to maintain a fine balance, employing a dignity and care for the experiences of victims that "Game of Thrones" has not always demonstrated."
Some critics questioned why this scene in particular should generate outrage when similar scenes have not. Sara Stewart of the "New York Post" pointed out that the rape and sexual abuse of both female and male characters is typical for "Game of Thrones": "Why are we suddenly so outraged about the rape of Sansa Stark, when this show has served

. Gilly tends to Sam and the two have sex.
Plot At Winterfell.
Reek brings food to Sansa, who has been imprisoned in her bedchamber by Ramsay. She begs for him to help, asking him to light a candle at the top of the broken tower, the aim of which is to send a signal to Stark sympathizers to rescue her. Instead, Reek tells Ramsay, who reacts by flaying and killing the old lady from whom Sansa learned the signal. As Ramsay is talking to Sansa, however,


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Question: Connie Francis

Connie Francis
Connie Francis (born Concetta Rosa Maria Franconero, December 12, 1938) is an American pop singer and top-charting female vocalist of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Although her chart success waned in the second half of the 1960s, Francis remained a top concert draw. Despite several severe interruptions in her career, she is still active as a recording and performing artist.
History.
History 1938–1955: Early life and first appearances.
Francis was born to an Italian-American family in the Italian

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being taught that they can choose their gender, Francis has had two books published entitled, "What are little boys made of?" and "What are little girls made of?" describing how a child’s biological sex determines whether they are a boy or a girl, with each sex having specific X or Y chromosomes. Francis does not ignore the reality of children born with intersex conditions which, whilst rare, account for a number of genetic or developmental situations.
Lobbying Centre for Human Dignity.
Francis heads the


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Question: Kathy Kirby

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Kathy Kirby
Kathy Kirby (born Kathleen O'Rourke; 20 October 1938 – 19 May 2011) was an English singer, reportedly the highest-paid female singer of her generation. She is best known for her cover version of Doris Day's "Secret Love" and for representing the United Kingdom in the 1965 Eurovision Song Contest where she finished in second place. Her physical appearance often drew comparisons with Marilyn Monroe. Her popularity peaked in the 1960s, when she was one of the best-known and most-recognised

Handbook of Gender and Women’s Studies", published by Sage UK in 2006 with Mary Evans and Kathy Davis.
Work "Toward a World Beyond Gender".
Lorber’s current work is to go “beyond.” In "Beyond the Binaries: Depolarizing the Categories of Sex, Sexuality, and Gender," published in Sociological Inquiry in 1996, she argued that sociological data would be more accurate if it used more than the two polarized categories of sex, sexuality, and gender. In “Crossing Borders and Erasing Boundaries


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Question: Hera

on them and became a man once more.
As a result of his experiences, Zeus and Hera asked him to settle the question of which sex, male or female, experienced more pleasure during intercourse. Zeus claimed it was women; Hera claimed it was men. When Tiresias sided with Zeus, Hera struck him blind. Since Zeus could not undo what she had done, he gave him the gift of prophecy.
An alternative and less commonly told story has it that Tiresias was blinded by Athena after he stumbled

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Question: Puyi

younger full brother Prince Pujie was proclaimed heir apparent after marrying Lady Hiro Saga, a distant cousin of the Japanese Emperor Hirohito. The Kwantung Army general Shigeru Honjō had politically arranged the marriage. Puyi thereafter would not speak candidly in front of his brother and refused to eat any food Lady Saga provided, believing she was out to poison him. Puyi was forced to sign an agreement that if he himself had a male heir, the child would be sent to Japan to be raised by the Japanese. Puyi initially thought Lady Saga


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Question: Vicki Vale

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the main female protagonist Sarah Walker.
- Vicki Vale does not appear at all in ""; Summer Gleeson (a reporter, a talk show host for "Gotham Live" and a news channel in Gotham City) serves as a placeholder. Like Vicki, Summer also has red hair and works as a reporter (while Vale was a photojournalist).
- "" features two versions of the character.
- The character Vilsi Vaylar (voiced by Dana Delany) appears in the episode, "The Super

with Pomegranates: a mother daughter story."
- Kirtsoglou, Elisabeth - "For the love of women: gender, identity and same-sex relations in a Greek provincial town."
- Kulukundis, Elias - "The feasts of memory: stories of a Greek family."
- Kurke, Lance B. - "The wisdom of Alexander the Great: enduring leadership lessons from the man who created an empire."
- Lawrence, A. W. - "Greek architecture."
- Leon, Vicki


Question: Loki

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more formally introduced by High in chapter 34, where he is "reckoned among the Æsir", and High states that Loki is called by some "the Æsir's calumniator", "originator of deceits", and "the disgrace of all gods and men". High says that Loki's alternative name is "Lopt", that he is the son of the male jötunn Fárbauti, his mother is "Laufey or Nál", and his brothers are Helblindi and Býleistr. High describes Loki as "pleasing and handsome

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Question: Hermaphroditus

a great-grandson of Atlas, sometimes he is called Atlantiades (). Hermaphroditus' father, Hermes, was also called Atlantiades because his mother, Maia was the daughter of Atlas.
Hermaphroditus' name is the basis for the word hermaphrodite.
Symbolism.
Hermaphroditus, the two-sexed child of Aphrodite and Hermes (Venus and Mercury) had long been a symbol of androgyny or effeminacy, and was portrayed in Greco-Roman art as a female figure with male genitals.
Theophrastus's account also suggests

in this account, the modern heterosexual man and woman descend from the original androgynous sex. The myth of Hermaphroditus involves heterosexual lovers merging into their primordial androgynous sex.
Other creation myths around the world share a belief in three original sexes, such as those from northern Thailand.
Many have interpreted the "eunuchs" of the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean world as a third gender that inhabited a liminal space between women and men, understood in their societies as somehow neither or both. In the Historia Augusta, the eunuch body is


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Question: Tauriel

Although the character Tauriel does not appear in this story, she was created to be the head of the Elven guard by Peter Jackson and his writing partners Philippa Boyens and Fran Walsh, (who is also Jackson's wife and producing partner) in order to expand the world of the elves of Mirkwood Forest, and to bring another woman to the cast, which is otherwise dominated by men. The character Tauriel is a Silvan Elf, which means she is of a much lower order than the elves that had previously been

represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it
Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes!', 'of debate by later historians.\nSan Martín is regarded as a national hero of Argentina and Peru, and one of the Liberators of Spanish South America. The Order of the Liberator General San Martín ("), created in his honor, is the highest decoration conferred by the Argentine government.\nEarly life.\nJosé de San Martín was the fifth and last son of Juan de San Martín, an unsuccessful Spanish soldier, and Gregoria Matorras del Ser. He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, an Indian reduction of']" Match: "['Represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its Wikipedia page', 'José de San Martín']"


Question: Baba Yaga

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Goddess, totemic matriarchal ancestress, female initiator, phallic mother, or archetypal image".
Etymology.
Variations of the name "Baba Yaga" are found in the languages of the Eastern Slavic peoples. The first element, "baba", is transparently a babble word. In Old Russian, "baba" may mean 'midwife', 'sorceress', or 'fortune teller'. In modern Russian, the word or "babushka" (meaning "grandmother") derives from it, as does the

Pain" portrays the shattered lives of displaced people. It’s a novel about the trauma of language and the language of trauma. In the novel "Baba Yaga Laid An Egg", published in the Canongate Myth Series as "most inventive and most substantial volume", Ugresic draws on the legendary Slavic figure of Baba Yaga to tell us a modern fairy tale. It deals with beauty, magic and vigor, death, aging and gender inequalities and discrimination, but also the power of old women to settle the score.


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Question: Bobby Leach

Bobby Leach
Bobby Leach born Cornwall, England (1858 – April 26, 1926) was the second person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel, after Annie Taylor, accomplishing the feat on July 25, 1911. He spent six months in the hospital recovering from injuries he sustained during the fall, which included two broken knee caps and a fractured jaw. Leach had been a performer with the Barnum and Bailey Circus and was no stranger to stunting. Prior to his trip over the falls he owned a restaurant on

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- 17 Jul – Kenneth Elstein
- 24 Jul – George McGovern & Thomas Eagleton
- 31 Jul – Boris Spassky & Bobby Fischer
- 7 Aug – Thomas Eagleton
- 14 Aug – Sargent Shriver & George McGovern
- 21 Aug – Sex and the Teenager
- 28 Aug – Richard Nixon & Spiro Agnew
- 4 Sep – Global War on Heroin
- 11 Sep – Mark Spitz
- 18 Sep – Murder at the Olympics
- 25 Sep – Redd Foxx, Bea Arthur & Carroll


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Question: Galahad

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Galahad is not well liked by the other knights because he is so perfect and seems unapproachable. Cohen pokes fun at Galahad's "calling" by saying that his life would be wasted if he failed to remain pure and holy in order to be the bearer of the Holy Grail.
- Thomas Berger's "Arthur Rex" portrays Galahad differently. In most works, Galahad is depicted as an emblem of perfection. Berger shows Galahad's arrival to court in a more satirical light. Gawain comments that he cannot tell

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Hardcover - Jan 17, 2003)
- Brain and Longevity by Caleb E. Finch, Jean-Marie Robine and Yves Christen (Hardcover - Jan 31, 2003)
- Human Longevity, Individual Life Duration, and the Growth of the Oldest-Old Population (International Studies in Population) by Jean-Marie Robine, Eileen M. Crimmins, Shiro Horiuchi and Yi Zeng (Paperback - Sep 2007)
- Sex and Longevity: Sexuality, Gender, Reproduction, Parenthood (Research and Perspectives in Longevity) by Jean-


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Question: Proserpina

Liber and Libera as Ceres' children. At around the same time, possibly in the context of popular or religious drama, Hyginus equated her with Greek Ariadne, as bride to Liber's Greek equivalent, Dionysus. The older and newer forms of her cult and rites, and their diverse associations, persisted well into the late Imperial era. St. Augustine (AD 354 – 430) observed that Libera is concerned with female fertility, as Liber is with male fertility.
Cult and myths Cult.
Proserpina was officially introduced to


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Question: June Foray

: "June Foray is not the female Mel Blanc. Mel Blanc was the male June Foray."
Early life.
June Lucille Forer was born on September 18, 1917 in Springfield, Massachusetts, one of three children of Ida (Robinson) and Morris Forer. Her mother was of Lithuanian Jewish and French Quebec ancestry, and her father was a Jewish emigrant from Odessa, Russian Empire. The family resided at 75 Orange Street, Forest Park. As a small child, Foray first wanted to be a dancer


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Question: Devika Rani

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A Throw of Dice", Devika Rani and Himanshu Rai were married.
Career Acting debut.
Devika and Himanshu Rai returned to India, where Himanshu produced a film titled "Karma" (1933). The film was his first talkie, and like his previous films, it was a joint production between people from India, Germany and the United Kingdom. Rai, who played the lead role, decided to cast Devika Rani as the female lead, and this marked her acting debut. "Karma" is credited as

Hamilton Zwinge
- Jane Randolph – Jane Roemer
- John Randolph – Emanuel Hirsch Cohen
- Joyce Randolph – Joyce Sirola
- Rajinikanth – Shivaji Rao Gaekwad
- Devika Rani – Devika Rani Chaudhuri (or Devika Rani Choudhary)
- Ranking Roger – Roger Charlery
- Shabba Ranks – Rawlston Gordon
- Barney Rapp – Barney Rappaport
- Dizzee Rascal – Dylan Mills
- Rasta – Lester Speight
- Thalmus Rasulala – Jack Crowder
- Luis Raúl – Luis Raúl Martínez Rodríguez
- Polo Ravales –


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Question: Goofy

to match his two male co-stars.
On Disney's Toontown Online, an interactive website for kids, Goofy previously ran his own neighborhood called Goofy Speedway until the close of Toontown. Goofy Speedway was a place where you could race cars and enter the Grand Prix, too. Tickets were exclusively spent on everything there, instead of the usual jellybean currency. The Grand Prix only came on "Grand Prix Monday" and "Silly Saturday". Goofy's Gag Shop was also found in almost every part of Toontown

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Question: Marilyn McCoo

Marilyn McCoo
Marilyn McCoo (born September 30, 1943) is an American singer, actress, and television presenter, who is best known for being the lead female vocalist in the group The 5th Dimension, as well as hosting the 1980s music countdown series "Solid Gold". Since 1969, she has been married to singer Billy Davis Jr., the founder and co-member of the 5th Dimension.
McCoo has a four-octave vocal range.
Life and career.
Life and career Early years.

title track, which was a mid-chart hit. Their follow up, "You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show)" was an even bigger hit, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1977. McCoo and Davis were awarded a gold single and a gold album as well as a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. They became the first African American married couple to host a network television series, "The Marilyn McCoo


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Question: Aaron

Aaron
Aaron ( or ; "Ahärôn") was a prophet, high priest, and the brother of Moses in the Abrahamic religions. Knowledge of Aaron, along with his brother Moses, comes exclusively from religious texts, such as the Bible and Quran.
The Hebrew Bible relates that, unlike Moses, who grew up in the Egyptian royal court, Aaron and his elder sister Miriam remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border-land of Egypt (Goshen). When Moses first confronted the Egyptian king about the

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September 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Sep. 1 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - Sep. 3
All fixed commemorations below celebrated on September 15 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For September 2nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 20.
Saints.
- Righteous Eleazar, son of Righteous Aaron, and Righteous Phineas (c. 1400 B.C.)
- Martyrs Mamas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, and his parents, Theodotus and Rufina (3rd century)
- 3,628 Martyrs at


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Question: Apollo

huntress Artemis. Seen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the "kouros" (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo is considered to be the most Greek of all gods. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as "Apulu".
As the patron of Delphi ("Pythian Apollo"), Apollo is an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle.
Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius. Yet

, one astronaut wore a device that recorded the time, strength, and path of high-energy atomic particles that penetrated the device. Analysis of the results concluded that the evidence supported the hypothesis that the flashes occurred when charged particles travelled through the retina in the eye.
Mission hardware and experiments Surface electrical properties experiment.
Apollo 17 was the only lunar surface expedition to include the surface electrical properties (SEP) experiment. The experiment included two major components: a transmitting antenna deployed near the lunar module and a receiving antenna


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Question: Charles Lamb

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Charles Lamb
Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his "Essays of Elia" and for the children's book "Tales from Shakespeare", co-authored with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847).
Friends with such literary luminaries as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, William Wordsworth, and William Hazlitt, Lamb was at the centre of a major literary circle in England. He has been referred to by E. V.

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, a club, The Lambs, was formed in London to carry on their salon tradition. The actor Henry James Montague founded the club's New York counterpart in 1874.
Charles Lamb, having been to school with Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to Lamb and his sister. Fortuitously, Lamb's first publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by "Mr Charles Lamb of the India House" appeared in


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Question: Emma Frost

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mentally erased from everyone's minds by Xavier.
Fictional character biography.
Fictional character biography Early life.
Emma Frost was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to the wealthy Winston and Hazel Frost. She is the third of four children: her siblings are named Christian, Adrienne, and Cordelia. Winston is cold, ruthless, and domineering, often imposing impossibly high standards on his children, while Hazel abuses prescription drugs to cope with the tensions of her household. Emma obtains no emotional support from her parents or her sisters

Weaver, but after Singer left the project, the character was not carried over to the eventual third film "".
- In the 2009 feature film "", Tahyna Tozzi portrayed Kayla Silverfox's sister, who used Emma Frost's diamond skin ability, but showed no sign of telepathy. Although a trailer for the film identified the character as "Emma Frost," in the finished film, she was credited only as "Kayla's sister/Emma". With the later introduction of an adult Emma Frost more


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Represent this text
Gloria Blondell

Gloria Blondell
Gloria Blondell (August 16, 1915 – March 25, 1986) was an actress, known for her film work between 1938 and 1962, and was the younger sister of Joan Blondell.
Family.
Blondell came from a family of entertainers. She once said, "[S]ome member of my family has been in the theater ever since the time of Richard the Lionhearted." Her father, Ed Blondell, was an actor for 80 years."
Stage.
Gloria Blondell said that she

stage version of "The Katzenjammer Kids". Blondell's mother was Kathryn ("Katie") Cain, born April 13, 1884, in Brooklyn, of Irish American parents. Her younger sister, Gloria Blondell, also an actress, was briefly married to film producer Albert R. Broccoli. Blondell also had a brother, Ed Blondell, Jr.
Her cradle was a property trunk as her parents moved from place to place and she made her first appearance on stage at the age of four months when she was carried on


Question:
Represent the natural language
Jörmungandr

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Jörmungandr
In Norse mythology, Jörmungandr (, pronounced , meaning "huge monster"), also known as the Midgard (World) Serpent (), is a sea serpent, the middle child of the giantess Angrboða and Loki. According to the "Prose Edda", Odin took Loki's three children by Angrboða—the wolf Fenrir, Hel, and Jörmungandr—and tossed Jörmungandr into the great ocean that encircles Midgard. The serpent grew so large that it was able to surround the earth and grasp its own tail

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Serpent, Jörmungandr, to entertain his hosts.
The next morning, Thor revives his goat, but is infuriated when he discovers that the animal has become lame, caused by the breaking of the bone the previous night. Thor is craving for revenge, but Loki instead suggests that they take the boy Tjalvi with them to Asgard as a servant, which Thor reluctantly agrees to. Tjalvi on his part is not very courageous on going to Asgard or the prospect of serving 'the mighty gods' either, but his sister


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Question: Kanzi

do it again just for him, in a room out back, so the others won't get upset." Later, a private performance in another room was carried out.
- Savage-Rumbaugh has observed Kanzi in communication to his sister. In this experiment, Kanzi was kept in a separate room of the Great Ape Project and shown some yogurt. Kanzi made some vocalizations which his sister could hear; his sister, Panbanisha, who could not see the yogurt, then pointed to the lexigram for yogurt, suggesting

he was years old, Kanzi was asked 416 complex questions, responding correctly over 74% of the time. Kanzi has been observed verbalizing a meaningful noun to his sister.
Question asking.
Despite their impressive (although still sometimes disputed) achievements, Kanzi and other apes, who participated in similar experiments, failed to ask questions themselves. Joseph Jordania suggested that the ability to ask questions is probably the central cognitive element that distinguishes human and animal cognitive abilities. (However, a parrot named Alex was apparently able to


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Question: Moses

Jacob's household; his mother was Jochebed (also Yocheved), who was kin to Kehath. Moses had one older (by seven years) sister, Miriam, and one older (by three years) brother, Aaron.
The Pharaoh had commanded that all male Hebrew children born would be drowned in the river Nile, but Moses' mother placed him in an ark and concealed the ark in the bulrushes by the riverbank, where the baby was discovered and adopted by Pharaoh's daughter, and raised as an Egyptian

represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it
Fewshot example: "['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', "The Son of Man\nThe Son of Man () is a 1964 painting by the Belgian surrealist painter René Magritte. It is perhaps his most well-known artwork.\nMagritte painted it as a self-portrait. The painting consists of a man in an overcoat and a bowler hat standing in front of a low wall, beyond which are the sea and a cloudy sky. The man's face is largely obscured by a hovering green apple. However, the man's eyes can be seen peeking over the edge"]" == "['Represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its Wikipedia page', 'The Son of Man']"

a trade.
- Moses Malone was acquired by the Philadelphia 76ers from the Houston Rockets in a trade.
Sep 14, 1982
- Moses Malone signed a multi-year contract with the Houston Rockets.
Sep 13, 1982
- The Houston Rockets matched the offer sheet that Moses Malone signed with the Philadelphia 76ers.
Sep 10, 1982
- Ernie Grunfeld signed a multi-year contract with the New York Knicks.
- Edgar Jones signed a contract with the Detroit Pistons.
- Jeff


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Question: Plato

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes
------
Examples:

"['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Duquende\nJuan Rafael Cortés Santiago, known as Duquende (born 1965), is a Spanish Romani flamenco singer (cantaor). Born in Sabadell, Spain, He is considered a successor to influential Flamenco singer Camarón de la Isla. Since 1997, Duquende has been a member of the Paco de Lucía Sextet in addition to working as a solo artist.\nIn 1996, Duquende was the first cantaor to be invited to perform at the Champs Elysées theatre in Paris.\nDiscography.\n- "Soy el duende"']" == "['Represent the natural language', 'Duquende']"

. The grammarian Apollodorus of Athens in his "Chronicles" argues that Plato was born in the 88th Olympiad. Both the "Suda" and Sir Thomas Browne also claimed he was born during the 88th Olympiad. Another legend related that, when Plato was an infant, bees settled on his lips while he was sleeping: an augury of the sweetness of style in which he would discourse about philosophy.
Besides Plato himself, Ariston and Perictione had three other children; two sons, Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a daughter Potone

- Nicola Michele Abati (Abbate) (26 Jun 1724 Appointed - 28 Sep 1733 Appointed, Bishop of Squillace)
- Hyacinthus Verdesca (1 Oct 1733 Appointed - Sep 1747 Died)
- Giovanni Bufalini (18 Dec 1747 Appointed - 28 Nov 1748 Died)
- Antonio Francesco de Plato (3 Mar 1749 Appointed - 3 Mar 1760 Appointed, Bishop of Tricarico)
- Francesco Antonio Salomone (3 Mar 1760 Appointed - 16 May 1766 Died)
- Thomas Zarone (21 Jul 1766 Appointed - Aug 1791


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Question: Théoden

Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor). He was the second-born of five children, and the only boy. Théoden was closest to his youngest sister, Théodwyn. He was born in Gondor, where his family lived until Thengel became king of Rohan. Théoden became king after the death of his father. Théodwyn lived with him in Edoras. He married Elfhild, but she died giving birth to their son, Théodred. After Théodwyn and her husband, Éomund

of Ithilien.
- Théodred was the only child of Théoden, King of Rohan, but died in the First Battle of the Fords of Isen during the War of the Ring. When Théoden lay dying during the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, he appointed his sister-son Éomer as king.
- "Blackadder"
- Harry is the Prince of Wales in the reign of (the fictional) King Richard IV of England. In the final episode of the first series, Prince Harry, King Richard, and


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Question: ISO 14000

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes

Given ['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'Ordeal by Innocence\nOrdeal by Innocence is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 3 November 1958 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at twelve shillings and sixpence (12/6) and the US edition at $2.95.\nA crucial witness is unaware of his role as such until two years after a man is found guilty of a murder. When he realizes the information he holds, he'], a positive would be ['Represent text', 'Ordeal by Innocence']

was published in September 2015.
Brief history of environmental management systems.
In March 1992, BSI Group published the world's first environmental management systems standard, BS 7750, as part of a response to growing concerns about protecting the environment. Prior to this, environmental management had been part of larger systems such as Responsible Care. BS 7750 supplied the template for the development of the ISO 14000 series in 1996, which has representation from ISO committees all over the world. , more than 300,000 certifications to ISO 14001 can

.
One critical milestone was the establishment of the ISO 14000 standards whose development came as a result of the Rio Summit on the Environment held in 1992. ISO 14001 is the cornerstone standard of the ISO 14000 series. It specifies a framework of control for an Environmental Management System against which an organization can be certified by a third party. Other ISO 14000 Series Standards are actually guidelines, many to help you achieve registration to ISO 14001. They include the following:
- ISO 14004 provides guidance on the development and implementation


Question: ISO 22000

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ISO 22000
ISO 22000 is a standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization dealing with food safety. It is a general derivative of ISO 9000.
Food safety.
Food safety is linked to the presence of food-borne hazards in food at the point of consumption. Since food safety hazards can occur at any stage in the food chain it is essential that adequate control be in place. Therefore, a combined effort of all parties through the food chain is required.
ISO 22000 standard.
The ISO

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standards that are related to ISO 22000. These standards will be known as the ISO 22000 family of standards. At the present time, the following standards will make up the ISO 22000 family of standards:
ISO 22000 - Food safety management systems - Requirements for any organization in the food chain.
ISO 22001 - Guidelines on the application of ISO 9001:2000 for the food and drink industry (replaces: ISO 15161:2001).
ISO/TS 22002- Prerequisite programmes on food safety—Part 1: Food manufacturing; Part 2


Question: Represent the term to find more information about it from Wikipedia (~1 paragraph)

P3P
The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) is an obsolete protocol allowing websites to declare their intended use of information they collect about web browser users. Designed to give users more control of their personal information when browsing, P3P was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and officially recommended on April 16, 2002. Development ceased shortly thereafter and there have been very few implementations of P3P. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge were the only major browsers to support P3P. Microsoft has ended support from Windows 10 onwards.

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now to use information as they please, despite what they may actually tell users. In 2002, then EPIC employee Chris Hoofnagle argued that P3P was displacing chances for government regulation of privacy.
Critics of P3P also argue that non-compliant sites are excluded. According to a study done by CyLab Privacy Interest Group at Carnegie Mellon University only 15% of the top 5,000 websites incorporate P3P. Therefore, many sites that don’t include the code but do practice high privacy standards will not be accessible to users who use P3P as


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Question: XHTML

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parsers, unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser.
XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation on January 26, 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on May 31, 2001. The standard known as XHTML5 is being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML5 specification.
Overview.
XHTML 1.0 is "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0". The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) also continues to maintain the HTML

incorporate other standards such as MathML and XHTML Tables (although not in the XHTML namespace).
Technical scope Document structure.
JATS "Publishing" set defines a document that is a top-level component of a journal such as an article, a book or product review, or a letter to the editor. Each such document is composed of front matter (required) and up to three optional parts. These must appear in the following order:
- Front matter
- Body (of the article)
-


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Question: 2014 FIFA World Cup

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Croatia 3-1.
Group stage.
The group stage of the cup took place in Brazil from 12 June 2014 to 13 July 2014: each team played three games. The group stage was notable for a scarcity of draws and a large number of goals. The first drawn (and goalless) match did not occur until the 13th match of the tournament, between Iran and Nigeria: a drought longer than any World Cup since 1930. The group stage produced a total of 136 goals (an average of 2.83

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selected for the Team of the Tournament.
International career World Cup 2014.
Khedira tore his ACL in his right knee in a friendly match against Italy on 15 November 2013 and it was estimated that he would be ruled out for around six months, which put his participation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup into question. However, he recovered in time to be named in Germany's squad for the tournament, and was selected to start in the team's opening match, a 4–0 win against Portugal. On 8 July,


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Question: A Touch of Frost

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A Touch of Frost
A Touch of Frost is a television detective series produced by Yorkshire Television (later ITV Studios) for ITV from 6 December 1992 until 5 April 2010, initially based on the Frost novels by R. D. Wingfield. Writing credit for the three episodes in the first 1992 series went to Richard Harris.
The series stars David Jason as Detective Inspector William Edward "Jack" Frost, an experienced and dedicated detective who frequently clashes with his superiors. In his cases, Frost is usually assisted by a variety

"
- "Thirtysomething"
- "Threat Matrix"
- "Thriller"
- "Time of Your Life"
- "Time Trax"
- "A Touch of Frost"
- "Tour of Duty"
- "Trapper John, M.D."
- "The Troubleshooters"
- "Tru Calling"
- "UFO"
- "Ultimate Force"
- "Unsolved Mysteries"
- "Vanished"
- "Vera" (Now on ABC)
-


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Question: Albigensian Crusade

Albigensian Crusade
The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; , ) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political flavour, resulting in not only a significant reduction in the number of practising Cathars, but also a realignment of the County of Toulouse in Languedoc, bringing it into the sphere of the French crown and diminishing the distinct regional culture and high level of influence of the

his ministry
- 1208 Start of the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars
- 1214 Rosary is reportedly given to St. Dominic (who founded Dominican Order) by an apparition of Mary
- 1215 Catholic Fourth Lateran Council decrees special dress for Jews and Muslims, and declares Waldensians, founded by Peter Waldo, as heretics. One of the goals is the elimination of the heresy of the Cathars
- 1219 Francis of Assisi crosses enemy lines during the Fifth Crusade to speak to Sultan al-Kamil; the meeting ends with a


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Question: Avignon Papacy

Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by Philip IV of France. Following the further death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip forced a deadlocked conclave to elect the French Clement V as pope

, dividing the Western Church and Eastern Church. From 1257–1377, the pope, though the bishop of Rome, resided in Viterbo, Orvieto, and Perugia, and then Avignon. The return of the popes to Rome after the Avignon Papacy was followed by the Western Schism: the division of the western church between two and, for a time, three competing papal claimants.
The Renaissance Papacy is known for its artistic and architectural patronage, forays into European power politics, and theological challenges to papal authority. After the start


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Question: Battle of the Falkland Islands

Battle of the Falkland Islands
The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a naval action between the British Royal Navy and Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914, during the First World War in the South Atlantic. The British, after the defeat at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November, sent a large force to track down and destroy the victorious German cruiser squadron. The battle is commemorated every year on 8 December in the Falkland Islands as a public holiday.
Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee—commanding the German squadron of

engagements: the Battle of Heligoland Bight, the Battle of Coronel, the Battle of the Falkland Islands, the Battle of Dogger Bank and the Battle of Jutland. The British numerical advantage proved insurmountable, leading the High Seas Fleet to abandon any attempt to challenge British dominance.
At the start of the war the German Empire had armed cruisers scattered across the globe. Some of them were used to attack Allied merchant shipping. The Royal Navy systematically hunted them down, though not without some embarrassment from its inability to protect friendly


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Question: Battle of the Mediterranean

Battle of the Mediterranean
The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945.
For the most part, the campaign was fought between the Italian Royal Navy ("Regia Marina"), supported by other Axis naval and air forces, and the British Royal Navy, supported by other Allied naval forces, such as Australia, the Netherlands, Poland and Greece. American naval and air units joined the Allied

1 October 1938 and was then working up until May 1939. The 2nd Battle Division was transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron on 10 June 1939.
Construction and career World War II.
At the start of World War II in September 1939, the division was based in Toulon. At the time, Italy was neutral, so there was no immediate threat in the Mediterranean. Nonetheless, the sisters escorted troop convoys between France and French North Africa from 1 September to 5 October. On 4 December, "Bretagne" and "


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Question: Black Saturday bushfires

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Black Saturday bushfires
The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that ignited or were burning across the Australian state of Victoria on and around Saturday, 7 February 2009 and were among Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire-weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest ever loss of life from a bushfire; there were 173 direct identified fatalities, This figure was later increased to 180 fatalities after several people succumbed to their injuries. Many were left homeless as a result.

at an all-time low
- Black Saturday (1988), the single worst day of the fires in Yellowstone Park
- Black Saturday (professional wrestling) a 1984 event when the World Wrestling Federation took over the TBS television time slots that had been home to Georgia Championship Wrestling
- Black January or Black Saturday, a 1990 crackdown on Azeri demonstrations by the Soviet army
- Black Saturday bushfires, a 2009 series of bushfires that burned across the Australian state of Victoria
- "Black Saturday", a


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Question: Carnatic Wars

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East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondichéry. The East India Company's dominance eventually led to control by the British Company over most of India and eventually to the establishment of the British Raj.
In the 18th century, the coastal Carnatic region was a dependency of Hyderabad. Three Carnatic Wars were fought between 1746 and 1763.
Background.
The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707. He was succeeded by Bahadur

Muslim armies from the north forced a southward migration of Hindus from the central Deccan and the Andhra countries to seek shelter under the Nayak and the Maratha kings. The famous Carnatic music composer Tyagaraja (1767–1847), along with the Trinity of Carnatic music flourished in the Thanjavur district during this time.
With the demise of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, his empire dissolved amidst numerous succession wars and the vassals of the empire began to assert their independence. The administration of the southern districts of Tamil Nadu was fragmented with hundreds


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Question: Coronation Street

Coronation Street
Coronation Street (also known as Corrie) is a British soap opera created by Granada Television and shown on ITV since 9 December 1960. The programme centres on Coronation Street in Weatherfield, a fictional town based on inner-city Salford. In the show's fictional history, the street was built in 1902 and named in honour of the coronation of King Edward VII.
The show airs six times a week: Monday, Wednesday and Friday 7:30–8 pm and 8:30–9 pm. Since 2017, ten sequential

for "Coronation Street" said: "The affected actors were all involved in storylines that were due to run for a finite time. If every new character stayed in the show, the Street would be a little crowded to say the least." It was then rumored that Clare would be returning; Hebden revealed these rumors were true. Hebden praised Mary and Norris, he said: "I think when Patti and I get together it's comedy all the way. We love working together which is a good start for


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Question: Disco

Larry Levan, Walter Gibbons, and Chicago-based Frankie Knuckles. Frankie Knuckles was not only an important disco DJ; he also helped to develop house music in the 1980s.
Disco hit the television airwaves as part of the music/dance variety show "Soul Train" in 1971 hosted by Don Cornelius, then Marty Angelo's "Disco Step-by-Step Television Show" in 1975, Steve Marcus' "Disco Magic/Disco 77", Eddie Rivera's "Soap Factory", and Merv Griffin's

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Page and Support For Rolly Sep 10/50 (Japanese Version) and Sep-30BT
- Sony Rolly - Era -Viral Video by Claw Films London
- Head and Neck Sessions vs. Sony Rolly
- Sony Rolly takes disco to the streets
- Sony Rolly dances to Footloose


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Question: Edwardian era

Edwardian era
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. Her son and successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a "leisurely time when women wore picture hats

the Brass era is split into two eras; the Veteran era and the Edwardian era. The veteran era includes cars produced before 1905. The Edwardian era includes cars produced between 1 January 1905 and 31 December 1918. This is considered pre-World War One cars in the United States. The Vintage era is considered to cover cars made between 1918-1930. Post vintage cars are those made from 1 January 1931 to the start of World War II (September 1939). Antique cars are all cars made up to September


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Question: Eleventh Doctor

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friendly, childlike, "good boyfriend Doctors", as Steven Moffat described them and, according to Mark Gatiss "very human Doctors" when compared to other incarnations.
Appearances.
Appearances Television.
The Eleventh Doctor first appears in the final scene of "The End of Time" (2010) when his previous incarnation regenerates. Smith debuts fully in "The Eleventh Hour", where he first meets Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) as a child while investigating a mysterious crack in her wall. Many years later,

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Doctor's body absorbs the radiation, and he slowly begins to regenerate. After returning Wilfred home, the Doctor visits his past companions and sees Wilfred one more time to give him a lottery ticket for Donna as her wedding present. He sets the TARDIS in flight and regenerates into the Eleventh Doctor, causing an explosion that makes the TARDIS start crashing.
Plot Continuity.
At the start of "Part One" the Doctor explains his delay to Ood Sigma. Among his various adventures, he mentions having married "Good Queen


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Question: English Renaissance theatre

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English Renaissance theatre
English Renaissance theatre—also known as Renaissance English theatre and Elizabethan theatre—refers to the theatre of England between 1562 and 1642.
This is the style of the plays of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson.
Background.
The term "English Renaissance theatre" encompasses the period between 1562—following a performance of "Gorboduc", the first English play using blank verse, at the Inner Temple during the Christmas season of 1561—and the ban on theatrical plays enacted by the English Parliament in 1642

burned down in 1621. Another lawsuit, begun in 1637, reveals that Baskervile owned one of the 24 shares in that theatre through the end of the period of English Renaissance drama, when the theatres were closed in September 1642 at the start of the English Civil War. The suit was still active in 1648, when Baskervile filed a deposition in the matter.
Baskervile signed legal documents with her initials only, a fact taken by some commentators as an indication of illiteracy.


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Question: First Indochina War

First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on December 19, 1946, and lasted until July 20, 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh,

permitted to "be active in the fields of politics, defence, security, foreign relations, economics, science and technology, industry and the environment, society and culture". It is responsible for both internal and external intelligence.
TC2 has been accused by some groups of human rights abuses and political interference.
Famous Operations.
During First Indochina War:
- Campaigns against opposing political groups (1946): prior to the start of First Indochina War, the military intelligence of Vietminh was active in collecting anti


Question:
Represent this
First Nehru ministry

First Nehru ministry
After independence, on 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru assumed office as the first Prime Minister of India and chose fifteen ministers to form the First Nehru ministry.
Background.
The Constituent Assembly was set up while India was still under British rule, following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom. The provincial assembly elections had been conducted early in 1946. The Constituent Assembly members were elected to it indirectly by the members of these newly elected provincial assemblies

Ministry in 1939. He was a member of the All India Congress Committee for a long time. He was a minister with cabinet rank in charge of the Ministry of Rehabilitation under Nehru following the constitution of the First Lok Sabha in 1952.
He subsequently held the portfolio of Union Minister for Food and Agriculture in Mr Nehru's cabinet from December 1954 to August 1959. He became President of the U.P. Congress Committee in May 1961. When Rafi Ahmed Kidwai formed the All India Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party owing to ideological differences with


Question:
represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its wikipedia page
Examples:
Provided: ['Represent the term to find more information about it from Wikipedia (~1 paragraph)', "National Lampoon's Vacation"] Match: ['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'National Lampoon\'s Vacation\nNational Lampoon\'s Vacation, sometimes referred to as Vacation, is a 1983 American road comedy film directed by Harold Ramis and starring Chevy Chase, Beverly D\'Angelo, Randy Quaid, Dana Barron and Anthony Michael Hall. John Candy, Imogene Coca, Christie Brinkley and a young Jane Krakowski appear in supporting roles. The screenplay was written by John Hughes, based on his short story "Vacation \'58" which appeared in "National Lampoon.\nThe film was a box-office hit, earning more'] Hard Negative: ['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'debut in the 1987 CBS miniseries "Murder Ordained" with JoBeth Williams and future "Roseanne" co-star John Goodman. In 1989, Galecki portrayed Rusty Griswold in "National Lampoon\'s Christmas Vacation". In 1990, he was cast as Danny Nash, the son of Robert Urich\'s lead character, on the NBC comedy "American Dreamer"; the following season, he was a regular cast member on the ABC sitcom "Billy", a spin-off from "Head of the Class". He appeared']

Question: Great Vowel Shift

Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1350 and the 1600s and 1700s, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English. Through this vowel shift, all Middle English long vowels changed their pronunciation. Some consonant sounds changed as well, particularly those that became silent; the term "Great Vowel Shift" is sometimes used to include these consonant changes.
English spelling began to become standardized in the 15th and

bi.de" and phonetically , had one stressed, open, long syllable. On the other hand, the word "bid", although stressed, had a short vowel: .
- At some point unknown, the phonetically long vowels began to diphthongize. This was the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Possibly at the same time, the short vowels became lax. So as "bide" became , "bid" changed to .
- At a later point, all word-final schwas were lost. The


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Question: Greek Civil War

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Greek Civil War
Τhe Greek Civil War (, "o Emfýlios" ["Pólemos"], "the Civil War") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia, Albania and Bulgaria. It is often considered the first proxy war of the Cold War, although the Soviet Union avoided sending

North Africa coming under command of the 5th and 10th Indian Infantry Divisions, and the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division in the Campaign in Tunisia. The brigade once more returned to the 4th Division for the Italian Campaign and the Greek Civil War.
Commanders during World War II.
- Brigadier Theophilus J. Ponting (Sep 1939 - Jun 1940)
- Brigadier Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd (Jun 1940 - Sep 1941)
- Brigadier Dudley Russell (Sep 1941 - Dec 1942)


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Question: Greek War of Independence

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes.

Given ['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'Party. formed in 1910 as a merger of all leftist liberal parties.\nHistory From annexation to World War I During World War I.\nIn French foreign policy, the demand for the return of Alsace and Lorraine faded in importance after 1880 with the decline of the monarchists element. When the World War broke out in 1914, recovery of the two lost provinces became the top French war goal.\nIn the early 20th century, the increased militarization of Europe, and the lack of negotiation between major powers, led to harsh and'], a positive would be ['represent the term to find more information about it from wikipedia (~1 paragraph)', 'Alsace-Lorraine']

Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (, "Elliniki Epanastasi", or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, "Agonas", "Struggle"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني "Yunan İsyanı", "Greek Uprising"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830. The Greeks were later assisted by the Russian Empire, Great Britain, and the Kingdom of France, while

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re-established military unity by bringing an end to the second phase of the civil war; re-organised the military, which was then able to reconquer territory lost to the Ottoman military during the civil wars; and introduced the first modern quarantine system in Greece, which brought diseases such typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery under control for the first time since the start of the War of Independence.
Kapodistrias also negotiated with the Great Powers and the Ottoman Empire to establish the borders and degree of independence of the Greek state


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Question: Gulf War

Gulf War
The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes. The war is also known under other names, such as

Carter
- 25 Aug – Jimmy Carter
- 1 Sep – Poland's Angry Workers
- 8 Sep – Thomas Murphy, Philip Caldwell & Lee Iacocca
- 15 Sep – The U.S. Voter
- 22 Sep – Poisoning of America: Those Toxic Chemical Wastes
- 29 Sep – Bear Bryant
- 6 Oct – War in the Gulf (Iran-Iraq War)
- 13 Oct – Jimmy Carter & Ronald Reagan
- 20 Oct – Carl Sagan
- 27 Oct – The Gulf Will It Explode


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Question: Kosovo War

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Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started in late February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war, and the Kosovo Albanian rebel group known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), with air support from the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) from 24 March 1999, and ground support from the Albanian army.
The KLA, formed in the early

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Examples:
Provided: "['represent this wikipedia passage to find its title', 'South Bank\nSouth Bank is an entertainment and commercial district in central London, next to the River Thames opposite the City of Westminster. It forms a narrow strip of riverside land within the London Borough of Lambeth (where it adjoins Albert Embankment) and the London Borough of Southwark, (where it adjoins Bankside). As such, South Bank may be regarded as somewhat akin to the riverside part of an area known previously as Lambeth Marsh and North Lambeth.\nWhile South Bank is not formally defined, it is generally']" Match: "['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'South Bank']"

the Gulf War and NATO peace keeping operations in Kosovo.
On 19 Sep 2004, it was reported that in addition to a 50% cost overrun on an electronics upgrade by Thales, the weight of the new upgrade violated safety limits. The French Defence Minister confirmed the Sarigue would be retired because of ‘high operating costs’. An Airbus replacement for the DC-8 was considered and rejected.
Aircraft platforms Germany: aircraft platforms.
During NATO operations in Bosnia, Germany operated four SIGINT version of the French-German Atlantique


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Question: McClure's

McClure's
McClure's or McClure's Magazine (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism (investigative, watchdog, or reform journalism), and helped direct the moral compass of the day.
The publishing company briefly got into the film business with McClure Pictures.
History.
Founded by S. S. McClure (1857–1949) and John Sanborn Phillips (1861–1949), who had been classmates at Knox College

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but left college to work with musician Mike McClure. A year later, after appearing on McClure's 2008 release "did7", Fullbright began his solo career.
Early career: 2008–2012.
Fullbright got his start in the music industry as a member of the Oklahoma band the Turnpike Troubadours also from the Okemah area.
He performed an Oklahoma City venue called The Blue Door for the first time in April 2008. "Live at the Blue Door" was recorded by Travis Linville on February 17, 2009, his


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Question: Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including Kurds and some Arab tribes), with some assistance from the other Central Powers; and on the other side, the British (with the help of Jews, Greeks, Assyrians and the majority of the Arabs, along with Indians under its empire), the Russians (with the help of Armenians) and the

4th Light Horse Brigade
The 4th Light Horse Brigade was a mounted infantry brigade of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) serving in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The brigade was initially formed as a part-time militia formation in the early 1900s in Victoria and Tasmania. After the outbreak of World War I, the brigade was raised as a volunteer formation within the AIF in March 1915 and shipped to Egypt and was broken up in August 1915 to provide dismounted reinforcements to other light horse formations already deployed to Gallipoli


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Question: Midsomer Murders

sergeants throughout the run of the show: Detective Sergeant (DS) Gavin Troy (Daniel Casey), DS Dan Scott (John Hopkins), DS Ben Jones (Jason Hughes), DS Charlie Nelson (Gwilym Lee) and DS Jamie Winter (Nick Hendrix).
Production.
Filming of "Midsomer Murders" began in Autumn 1996, and the first episode, "The Killings at Badger's Drift", was broadcast in the United Kingdom on 23 March 1997. This inaugural episode was the highest-rated

In February 2015 Jones appeared as Melody Carver in ITV's "Midsomer Murders", in the episode "The Ballad of Midsomer County". In April 2015, Jones played the role of 'Emma' in the showcase performance of Like Me (musical) at The Waterloo East Theatre. In March 2015, she was cast as Molly in an upcoming Chinese tour of Ghost the Musical, due to start in May 2015. In 2016 Lucie was cast as Maureen Johnson in the UK tour of Rent.
Jones represented the


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Question: New Tricks

with characters often coping with problems at their age but using their wisdom to overcome hurdles in the original investigation of cold cases. Both creators, McCrery and Mitchell, devised the title of the programme around the proverb "You can't teach an old dog new tricks".
Over the course of its broadcast, "New Tricks" attracted respectable viewing figures.
Series.
"New Tricks" began as a one-off episode broadcast on 27 March 2003. This attracted sufficient viewers for the BBC to commission a

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, Dec 1967
- Ladderman, (ss) Boys’ Life May 1940; (reprinted) Boys’ Life May 1965
- New Tricks, (ss) Boys’ Life Dec 1937
- The Ox Team, (sl) Boys’ Life Oct, Nov 1949
- The Phantom Backfield, (sl) Boys’ Life Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec 1947
- Shortstop Shadow, (sl) Boys’ Life Apr, May, Jun, Jul 1950
- Sky Hook, (ss)


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Question: ORCID

that created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs).
The ORCID organization, ORCID Inc., offers an open and independent registry intended to be the "de facto" standard for contributor identification in research and academic publishing. On 16 October 2012, ORCID launched its registry services and started issuing user identifiers.
Development and launch.
ORCID was first announced in 2009 as a collaborative effort by the research community "to resolve the author name ambiguity problem in scholarly communication". The

Library (for their EThOS thesis catalogue), ProQuest (for their ProQuest Dissertations and Theses service), and Frontiers Loop.
In October 2015, DataCite, Crossref and ORCID announced that the former organisations would update ORCID records, "when an ORCID identifier is found in newly registered DOI names".
Third-party tools allow the migration of content from other services into ORCID, for example Mendeley2ORCID, for Mendeley.
Some ORCID data may also be retrieved as RDF/XML, RDF Turtle, XML or JSON


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Question: Operation Barbarossa

represent the next text

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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: "Unternehmen Barbarossa") was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. The operation stemmed from Nazi Germany's ideological aims to conquer the western Soviet Union so that it could be repopulated by Germans (Lebensraum), to use Slavs as a slave labour force for the Axis war effort and to annihilate the rest according to Generalplan Ost, and to acquire the oil reserves of the Caucasus and

Operation Barbarossa with 8th Rifle Corps, 26th Army, Southwestern Front. Wiped out at Izyum May 1942. Recreated Balachov Aug 1942. Fought at Stalingrad. Became 88th Guards Rifle Division Apr 1943. Recreated from 99th Rifle Brigade May 1943. Fought near Zhitomir and in Carpathians. With 46th Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front 5.45. Disbanded 1945–46. See also  See also
- 100th Rifle Division — established Berdichev Nov 1923. Fought in Winter War with Finland. Became 1st Guards Rifle Division Sep 1941. Recreated Vologda Mar 1942


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Question: Royal Indian Navy mutiny

Royal Indian Navy mutiny
The Royal Indian Navy revolt (also called the Royal Indian Navy mutiny or Bombay mutiny) encompasses a total strike and subsequent revolt by Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy on board ship and shore establishments at Bombay harbour on 18 February 1946. From the initial flashpoint in Bombay, the revolt spread and found support throughout British India, from Karachi to Calcutta, and ultimately came to involve over 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and shore establishments.
The mutiny was repressed with force by British troops and Royal

1946 in India
Events in the year 1946 in India.
Incumbents.
- Emperor of India – George VI
- Viceroy of India – The Viscount Wavell
Events.
- January – Royal Air Force Mutiny of 1946 of British and Indian air force units
- 11 February – I.N.A. trial demonstrations in Calcutta, several killed
- 12 February – Hartal in Calcutta over the killing of demonstrators the previous day
- 18 February – Start of the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny
- 22 February – Start of


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Question: Russo-Japanese War

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Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War (; ; "Japanese-Russian War") was fought during 1904–1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea.
Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a

out their earnings to other Japanese residents trying to start businesses, and patronised Japanese tailors, doctors, and grocery stores. By the time of the Russo-Japanese War, the number of Japanese prostitutes in Singapore may have been as large as 700. They were concentrated around Malay Street (now Middle Road). However, with Southeast Asia cut off from European imports due to World War I, Japanese products began making inroads as replacements, triggering the shift towards retailing and trade as the economic basis of the Japanese community.


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Question: Second Severn Crossing

Second Severn Crossing
The Second Severn Crossing ()officially renamed the Prince of Wales Bridge ()is the M4 motorway bridge over the River Severn between England and Wales, inaugurated on 5 June 1996 by the Prince of Wales to supplement the traffic capacity of the Severn Bridge built in 1966. The bridge is operated by Highways England. On 2 July 2018 the bridge was renamed the "Prince of Wales Bridge" in a ceremony conducted by the Prince.
The Second Severn Crossing marks the lower limit of the

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River Severn and the start of the Severn Estuary. It is further southwest than the Severn Bridge and because it is closer in-line with the landward sides of the M4, it reduces the length of the journey when travelling between England and Wales. The junctions at each end are designed for most traffic to use this crossing, and in order to use the old Severn Bridge crossing, one has to leave the M4 at junction 21 and join the M48 near Aust or at junction 23 near Magor. The new crossing carries


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Question: Soviet invasion of Poland

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Soviet invasion of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, sixteen days after Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two-way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviet invasion of Poland was secretly approved by Germany following the

pool. Around that time, the Polish Army also built a central military prison for south-eastern Poland, which was later converted by Soviets into a political prison.
Following the Soviet takeover of the city of Lviv after the Nazi-Soviet Pact and the invasion of Poland of 1939, the Soviets organised a political prison in Zamarstyniv. After the start of the German-Soviet war most of its inmates were murdered by the retreating NKVD. Following the German takeover of the city in 1941 a Jewish Ghetto was organised there


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Question: United States Exploring Expedition

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United States Exploring Expedition
The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States. The original appointed commanding officer was Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones. Funding for the original expedition was requested by President John Quincy Adams in 1828, however, Congress would not implement funding until eight years later. In May 1836, the oceanic exploration voyage was finally authorized by Congress and created by President Andrew Jackson.
The expedition is sometimes called the "U.S. Ex

for questioning. The result was that when the US Exploring Expedition visited Rewa in 1841, Ro Vendovi was captured and taken to the United States to be questioned in the affair. Vendovi survived the trip around the world from Fiji to the Brooklyn, New York Navy Hospital, where he died a few hours after arriving. The samples, plants, and artwork collected during the Expedition became the start of the Smithsonian Institution. Vendovi's personal effects, skull, and mandible (ascension #242) are part of the Anthropology Department


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Question: Warlord Era

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Warlord Era
The Warlord Era (, 19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.
In historiography, the era began when Yuan Shikai died in 1916, and lasted until 1928 when the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) officially unified China through the Northern Expedition

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control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves. These military-dominated governments were collectively known as the Beiyang government. The warlord era ended around 1927.
Late modern period European decline and the 20th century World Wars era.
Late modern period European decline and the 20th century World Wars era Start of the


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Question: Washington Naval Conference

Washington Naval Conference
The Washington Naval Conference, also named the Washington Arms Conference or the Washington Disarmament Conference, was a military conference called by U.S. President, Warren G. Harding, and held in Washington, D.C., from 12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922. Conducted outside the auspice of the League of Nations, it was attended by nine nations—the United States, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal—regarding interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Soviet Russia

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Yard Investigation." "Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles, Calif  Sep 8, 1903. pg. 6, 1 pgs
- "Naval Board Conference." "Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles, Calif  Dec 22, 1903. pg. 1, 1 pgs
- "Swift to Succeed Pillsbury." "The Washington Post". Washington, D.C  Mar 21, 1905. pg. 13, 1 pgs
- "Typhoid on Warship Mild." "The Washington Post"


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Question: Barium

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sulfate, BaSO) and witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO), both insoluble in water. The name "barium" originates from the alchemical derivative "baryta", from Greek βαρύς ("barys"), meaning "heavy." "Baric" is the adjectival form of barium. Barium was identified as a new element in 1774, but not reduced to a metal until 1808 with the advent of electrolysis.
Barium has few industrial applications. Historically, it was used as a getter for vacuum tubes and in

impetus for the foundation of the company was the discovery by Gabrielli of a new method for the production of getters, with nickel lids to protect barium plastics, in order to prevent the phenomenon of oxidation.
S.A.E.S. initially devoted itself to producing time clocks and a barium-magnesium-aluminium alloy. After a few years, it transferred its headquarters to Milan and began to produce electrical resistance heaters.
In 1946, the Della Porta and Canale families entered the shareholding structure and in 1949, Paolo della Porta joined the company


Question:
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Question: Curium

Curium
Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. The discovery was kept secret and only released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent

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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) initially established lawrencium as the official name for the element and gave the American team credit for the discovery, this was reevaluated in 1997, giving both teams shared credit for the discovery but not changing the element's name.
History.
In 1958, scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory claimed the discovery of element 102, now called nobelium. At the same time, they also attempted to synthesize element 103 by bombarding the same curium target used with nitrogen-14 ions.


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Question: Deuterium

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%) of all the naturally occurring hydrogen in the oceans, while protium accounts for more than 99.98%. The abundance of deuterium changes slightly from one kind of natural water to another (see Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water).
The deuterium isotope's name is formed from the Greek "deuteros", meaning "second", to denote the two particles composing the nucleus. Deuterium was discovered and named in 1931 by Harold Urey. When the neutron was discovered in 1932, this made the nuclear structure of deuterium obvious

, and Urey won the Nobel Prize in 1934 “for his discovery of heavy hydrogen”. Soon after deuterium's discovery, Urey and others produced samples of "heavy water" in which the deuterium content had been highly concentrated.
Deuterium is destroyed in the interiors of stars faster than it is produced. Other natural processes are thought to produce only an insignificant amount of deuterium. Nearly all deuterium found in nature was produced in the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, as the basic or primordial ratio of hydrogen-1 to deuterium


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Question: Einsteinium

Einsteinium
Einsteinium is a synthetic element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. As a member of the actinide series, it is the seventh transuranic element.
Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein. Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days) is produced artificially from decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year. The reactor synthesis

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was responsible for the initial discovery of neutron-rich almost stable isotopes of actinides like plutonium-244 and the new elements einsteinium and fermium (atomic numbers 99 and 100) in the 1950s. It has been suggested that multiple nuclear explosions would make it possible to reach the island of stability, as the affected nuclides (starting with uranium-238 as seed nuclei) would not have time to beta decay all the way to the quickly spontaneously fissioning nuclides at the line of beta stability before absorbing more neutrons in the next explosion, thus providing a


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I/O pins and software. Many other bus technologies used in similar applications, such as Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI), require more pins and signals to connect multiple devices.
Revisions.
The history of I²C specification releases:
- In 1982, the original 100 kbit/s I²C system was created as a simple internal bus system for building control electronics with various Philips chips.
- In 1992, Version 1 added 400 kbit/s "Fast-mode (Fm)" and

C: Diseases potentially related to Flammer syndrome. EPMA J. 2017 Sep 13;8(4):327-332
- Peter Meyer [Article in German]: Geschichte der Universitäts-Augenklinik Basel.[History of the University Eye Clinic Basel] In: 100 Jahre SOG und die Entwicklung der Schweizer Augenheilkunde. Le Centenaire de la SSO et le développement de l'Ophthalmologie en Suisse. Ed.by Ulrike Novotny and Albert Franceschetti, Horw (Switzerland)2007.
External links.
- Website on Flammer syndrome
- Scientific article on the discovery of Flammer syndrome


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Question: Orion Nebula

nebulous nature of the Orion Nebula is generally credited to French astronomer Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, on November 26, 1610 when he made a record of observing it with a refracting telescope purchased by his patron Guillaume du Vair.
The first published observation of the nebula was by the Jesuit mathematician and astronomer Johann Baptist Cysat of Lucerne in his 1619 monograph on the comets (describing observations of the nebula that may date back to 1611).
His description of the center stars as different from a comet's head in

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discovery in 1860 when Arthur von Auwers discovered the nova T Scorpii.
NGC 6302, also called the Bug Nebula, is a bipolar planetary nebula. NGC 6334, also known as the Cat's Paw Nebula, is an emission nebula and star-forming region.
Mythology.
In Greek mythology, the myths associated with Scorpio almost invariably also contain a reference to Orion. According to one of these myths it is written that Orion boasted to goddess Artemis and her mother, Leto, that he would kill every animal


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Question: Samarium

Samarium was discovered in 1879 by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and named after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. The mineral itself was earlier named after a Russian mine official, Colonel Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets, who thereby became the first person to have a chemical element named after him, albeit indirectly. Although classified as a rare-earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is more common than metals such as tin. Samarium occurs with concentration up

Discovery and early history Early classification.
Before the time that ion-exchange methods and elution were available, the separation of the rare earths was primarily achieved by repeated precipitation or crystallisation. In those days, the first separation was into two main groups, the cerium earths (scandium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, and samarium) and the yttrium earths (yttrium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium). Europium, gadolinium, and terbium were either considered as a separate group of


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Question: Speyer wine bottle

Speyer wine bottle
The Speyer wine bottle (or Römerwein) is a sealed vessel, presumed to contain liquid wine, and so named because it was unearthed from a Roman tomb found near Speyer, Germany. It is considered the world's oldest known bottle of wine.
History.
The Speyer wine bottle most likely holds wine, and was originally found in 1867, in what is now the Rhineland-Palatinate region of Germany near Speyer, one of the oldest settlements in the area. The artifact has since become

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known as "the world's oldest existing bottle of wine". The bottle has been dated between 325 and 350 AD and is the oldest known unopened bottle of wine in the world. Since its discovery, it has been exhibited at the Wine Museum section of the Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer, always displayed in the same location within the museum. The "Römerwein" is housed in the museum's Tower Room. It is a glass vessel with amphora-like "shoulders," yellow-green in color


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Question: Ötzi

Copper Age) Europeans. His body and belongings are displayed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy.
Discovery.
Ötzi was found on 19 September 1991 by two German tourists, at an elevation of on the east ridge of the Fineilspitze in the Ötztal Alps on the Austrian–Italian border. The tourists, Helmut and Erika Simon, were walking off the path between the mountain passes Hauslabjoch and Tisenjoch. They believed that the body was of a recently deceased mountaineer. The next day

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his coat. The discovery of the arrowhead prompted researchers to theorize Ötzi died of blood loss from the wound, which would probably have been fatal even if modern medical techniques had been available. Further research found that the arrow's shaft had been removed before death, and close examination of the body found bruises and cuts to the hands, wrists and chest and cerebral trauma indicative of a blow to the head. One of the cuts was to the base of his thumb that reached down to the bone but had no time to