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Question: Battle of Towton

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Battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. A culminating battle in the dynastic struggles between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne, the engagement ended in an overwhelming victory for the Yorkists. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward IV having displaced the Lancastrian Henry VI (on the throne since 1422) as king, and thus driving the

[In 1228 the bridge collapsed, resulting in the drowning of crusaders passing over at the time. See, Tyerman Christopher “How To Plan A Crusade” (2017), p.182, citing Calendar of Close Rolls 1227–31, p.34-35.] The bridge was rebuilt at the end of the 14th century with seven pillars and a chantry chapel at one end. Until 1810, a toll was payable to cross the bridge.
In March 1461, on the eve of the battle of nearby Towton, an engagement


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Question: Battle of Trafalgar

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Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).
Twenty-seven British ships of the line led by Admiral Lord Nelson aboard defeated thirty-three French and Spanish ships of the line under French Admiral Villeneuve. The battle took place in the Atlantic Ocean off the southwest coast of Spain

the town walls and still have trading rights an area to the west of the Leith of the end of the 18th century, flanking Ferry Road, was built. Development was sporadic with only certain sections following the original feuing. Many streets are named after events or people of the time:
- Pitt Street, after William Pitt the Younger the then Prime Minister
- Trafalgar Street, after the Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
- Prince Regent Street, after the then Prince George
- Portland Street, after the


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Question: Battle of Waterloo

Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in Belgium, part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the time. A French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by two of the armies of the Seventh Coalition: a British-led allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington, and a Prussian army under the command of Field Marshal Blücher. The battle marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Upon Napoleon's return to power in March

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method of attack was the flank march to cross the enemy's logistics. Napoleon used the central position strategy during the Battle of Waterloo.
Development Napoleonic Waterloo.
Napoleon masked Wellington and massed against the Prussian army, and then after the Battle of Ligny was won, Napoleon attempted to do the same to the Allied/British army located just to the south of Waterloo. His subordinate was unable to mask the defeated Prussian army, who reinforced the Waterloo battle in time to defeat Napoleon and end his domination of Europe.
It


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Question: Battle of the Chesapeake

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Battle of the Chesapeake
The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781. The combatants were a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The battle was strategically decisive, in that it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing or evacuating

a sail and proceeded north up the Chesapeake Bay exploring and mapping its coasts and rivers, creeks and bays up to the later named Susquehanna River which fed the Bay.
In 1781, the waters off of these Virginia Capes and the entrance to the Chesapeake and Hampton Roads harbor were the site of an important naval clash between warships of the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England near the end of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) in the Battle of the Capes. The victory of the French Navy over


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Question: Battle of the Falkland Islands

Battle of the Falkland Islands
The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a naval action between the British Royal Navy and Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914, during the First World War in the South Atlantic. The British, after the defeat at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November, sent a large force to track down and destroy the victorious German cruiser squadron. The battle is commemorated every year on 8 December in the Falkland Islands as a public holiday.
Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee—commanding the German squadron of

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squadron in their search for the German East Asia Squadron, but arrived at the Falkland Islands after the British squadron had been destroyed in the Battle of Coronel. During the subsequent Battle of the Falkland Islands at the end of 1914, the ship sank the German light cruiser . Several months later she discovered the sole surviving German ship from that battle and forced the light cruiser to scuttle herself in the Battle of Más a Tierra. She was assigned to patrol the South American coast for the rest of 1915, but was transferred to


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Question: Battle of the Mediterranean

Battle of the Mediterranean
The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945.
For the most part, the campaign was fought between the Italian Royal Navy ("Regia Marina"), supported by other Axis naval and air forces, and the British Royal Navy, supported by other Allied naval forces, such as Australia, the Netherlands, Poland and Greece. American naval and air units joined the Allied

.
Operational history RVAH-9 / Cold War.
- 19 July 1974 - 21 January 1975, RVAH-9 embarked aboard for a Mediterranean deployment.
- Budgetary pressures following the end of the Vietnam War force the Department of Defense to again close several stateside air bases, to include NAS Albany, Georgia. In January 1974, RVAH-9 shifts its home station from NAS Albany to NAS Key West, Florida.
- 16 July 1975 - 24 Sep 1975, following less than five months turnaround time at their home station of NAS Key


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Question: Battle of the Monongahela

Battle of the Monongahela
The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, east of Pittsburgh. A British force under General Edward Braddock, moving to take Fort Duquesne, was defeated by a force of French and Canadian troops under Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu with its American Indian allies.
The defeat marked

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combined heavy gunfire from the other Union ships forced the Confederate warship to surrender, ending the battle and closing the last major gulf port to the South.
"Monongahela" remained on duty with the West Gulf squadron until the end of the Civil War.
Post-war service.
Post-war service Caught in a tsunami.
Post-war, "Monongahela" was assigned to the West Indies Squadron. While on service with the West Indies Squadron, the warship had the unique experience of being landed high and


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Question: Carnatic Wars

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East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondichéry. The East India Company's dominance eventually led to control by the British Company over most of India and eventually to the establishment of the British Raj.
In the 18th century, the coastal Carnatic region was a dependency of Hyderabad. Three Carnatic Wars were fought between 1746 and 1763.
Background.
The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707. He was succeeded by Bahadur

, and the end of Company rule, the developments could be summarised as follows:
- Bombay Presidency: expanded after the Anglo-Maratha Wars.
- Madras Presidency: Expanded in the mid-to-late 18th century Carnatic Wars and Anglo-Mysore Wars.
- Bengal Presidency: Expanded after the battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764), and after the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars.
- Penang: became residency within the Bengal Presidency in 1786, became the fourth presidency


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Question: Congress of Berlin

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Congress of Berlin
The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced

end of the 19th century, the households had rose to "over 1600 households", and that there were four mosques, and no church. However, another source has 495 households with 2,588 inhabitants. Gusinje was at that time represented by a "kaymakam" ("kaza" governor).
The Plav-Gusinje region was the site of several battles in 1879 and 1880 between the pro-Ottoman Albanian nationalist League of Prizren and Montenegrin forces, following the Congress of Berlin (1878). The Congress had decided


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Question: Edwardian era

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Edwardian era
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. Her son and successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a "leisurely time when women wore picture hats

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For example, ['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'The Jeffersons\nThe Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS from January 18, 1975, to July 2, 1985, lasting 11 seasons and a total of 253 episodes. "The Jeffersons" is one of the longest-running sitcoms, the second-longest-running American series with a primarily African American cast (surpassed in 2012 by "Tyler Perry\'s House of Payne" by one episode, though "The Jeffersons" ran for more seasons), and the first to prominently feature a married interracial'] should be similar to ['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'The Jeffersons']

on hand were always the choice of women's Fashion accessories. Parasols are different than umbrellas. The parasols that were widely use during the Edwardian era are not waterproof, they are made of fabric. It was not designed for functionality, but as a Fashion ornament. Over time, decorative ornaments became heavier, i.e. the hats, sleeves and hem. By the end of the Edwardian era, the hat is bigger in size, with more decorations like feathers and one or more plumes on top.
The Edwardians developed new


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Question: English Renaissance theatre

English Renaissance theatre
English Renaissance theatre—also known as Renaissance English theatre and Elizabethan theatre—refers to the theatre of England between 1562 and 1642.
This is the style of the plays of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson.
Background.
The term "English Renaissance theatre" encompasses the period between 1562—following a performance of "Gorboduc", the first English play using blank verse, at the Inner Temple during the Christmas season of 1561—and the ban on theatrical plays enacted by the English Parliament in 1642

Let It Be (musical)
Let It Be is a West End and Broadway concert revue based on the career of English rock band, The Beatles, from 1962 to their breakup in 1970.
History.
The production debuted at the Prince of Wales Theatre on 24 September 2012. (previews from 14 Sep 2012). Its run at the venue ended on 19 January 2013, after which it moved to the Savoy Theatre and opened on 1 February 2013. The Broadway production started previews on 13 July 2013 with


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Question: First Battle of El Alamein

First Battle of El Alamein
The First Battle of El Alamein (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought in Egypt between Axis forces (Germany and Italy) of the Panzer Army Africa (, which included the under Field Marshal () Erwin Rommel and Allied (British Imperial and Commonwealth) forces (Britain, British India, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand) of the Eighth Army (General Claude Auchinleck).
The British prevented a second advance by

The Battle of El Alamein
There were two battles of El Alamein:
- At the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1–27, 1942) the advance of Axis troops on Alexandria was blunted by the Allies.
- At the Second Battle of El Alamein (October 23 – November 4, 1942) Allied forces broke the Axis line and forced them in a retreat that pushed them all the way back to Tunisia. Winston Churchill referred to this as "not the beginning of the end, but, perhaps,


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Question: First Indochina War

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First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on December 19, 1946, and lasted until July 20, 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh,

gross US$12.9 million in limited theatrical release in the United States. The film received positive reviews from critics and Michael Caine was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
Plot.
The story is set in 1952 in Saigon, Vietnam (French Indochina at that time), toward the end of the First Indochina War (1946–1954) in which French forces fought the Communist-led Viet Minh rebels. On one level, "The Quiet American" is a love story about the triangle that develops between Thomas Fowler


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Question: Great Sioux War of 1876

Great Sioux War of 1876
The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, was a series of battles and negotiations which occurred in 1876 and 1877 between the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and the United States. The cause of the war was the desire of the U.S. government to obtain ownership of the Black Hills. Gold had been discovered in the Black Hills, settlers began to encroach onto Native American lands, and the Sioux and Cheyenne refused to cede ownership to the U.S. Traditionally, the

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still located north of the Absaroka Range of Mountains but about 66 miles further east of Fort Parker in the Yellowstone Valley, on the Stillwater River which was a tributary of the Yellowstone River.
The 9-year period from 1875 to 1884 was a time of rapid transition on the plains of eastern Montana and Wyoming. In 1876 the Crows provided scouts for the United States military forces in the Great Sioux War of 1876. The defeat by the Sioux of George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876 resulted in


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'['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'Long Term Parking']' == '['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Long Term Parking\n"Long Term Parking" is the 64th episode of the HBO original series "The Sopranos" and the 12th of the show\'s fifth season. Written by Terence Winter and directed by Tim Van Patten, it originally aired on May 23, 2004.\nStarring.\n- James Gandolfini as Tony Soprano\n- Lorraine Bracco as Dr. Jennifer Melfi *\n- Edie Falco as Carmela Soprano\n- Michael Imperioli as Christopher Moltisanti\n- Dominic Chianese as Corrado Soprano Jr. *\n- Steven Van Zandt as']' != '['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', '"Irregular Around the Margins" + "Long Term Parking")\n- Nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series (Allen Coulter) (Episode: "Irregular Around the Margins")\n- Nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series (Timothy Van Patten) (Episode: "Long Term Parking")\n- Nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (Michael Caleo) (Episode: "Where\'s Johnny?")\n- Nomination for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (Robin Green, Mitchell']'

Question: Greek Civil War

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Greek Civil War
Τhe Greek Civil War (, "o Emfýlios" ["Pólemos"], "the Civil War") was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army — backed by the United Kingdom and the United States — and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE) — the military branch of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) — backed by Yugoslavia, Albania and Bulgaria. It is often considered the first proxy war of the Cold War, although the Soviet Union avoided sending

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North Africa coming under command of the 5th and 10th Indian Infantry Divisions, and the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division in the Campaign in Tunisia. The brigade once more returned to the 4th Division for the Italian Campaign and the Greek Civil War.
Commanders during World War II.
- Brigadier Theophilus J. Ponting (Sep 1939 - Jun 1940)
- Brigadier Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd (Jun 1940 - Sep 1941)
- Brigadier Dudley Russell (Sep 1941 - Dec 1942)


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Question: Gulf War

Gulf War
The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes. The war is also known under other names, such as

Carter
- 25 Aug – Jimmy Carter
- 1 Sep – Poland's Angry Workers
- 8 Sep – Thomas Murphy, Philip Caldwell & Lee Iacocca
- 15 Sep – The U.S. Voter
- 22 Sep – Poisoning of America: Those Toxic Chemical Wastes
- 29 Sep – Bear Bryant
- 6 Oct – War in the Gulf (Iran-Iraq War)
- 13 Oct – Jimmy Carter & Ronald Reagan
- 20 Oct – Carl Sagan
- 27 Oct – The Gulf Will It Explode


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Happy Days

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Happy Days
Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15, 1974 to September 24, 1984 on ABC, with a total of 255 half-hour episodes spanning eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, the series was one of the most successful of the 1970s, an idealized vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s Midwestern United States, and starred Ron Howard as teenager Richie Cunningham, Henry Winkler as his friend Arthur "Fonzie"/"The Fonz" Fonzarelli, and Tom Bosley and Marion Ross as

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The provided query could be "['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'Designed to Sell\nDesigned to Sell is an HGTV American reality television show produced by Pie Town Productions in Los Angeles and Chicago and Edelman Productions in Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. Each 30-minute episode focuses on fixing up a home that is about to go on the market or that has been on the market but has not attracted buyers. The show began airing in 2004 and was canceled in 2011.\nThe show provides expert real estate and design advice and general contractors, who are given a $2,000 budget for materials']" and the positive "['represent this phrase to find its first wikipedia paragraph.', 'Designed to Sell']"

ran a coffee shop, whereas in "Happy Days", he owned the diner. Morita would re-join the cast of "Happy Days" five years later, while his replacement on that series, Al Molinaro, would repeat Morita's career move at that time by joining another "Happy Days" spin-off, "Joanie Loves Chachi".
After the end of "Blansky's Beauties", Lynda Goodfriend and Scott Baio would join the cast of "Happy Days" at the start of the 1977–78


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Question: Johnson County War

Johnson County War
The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder River and the Wyoming Range War, was a range conflict that took place in Johnson County, Wyoming from 1889 to 1893. The conflict began when cattle companies started ruthlessly persecuting alleged rustlers in the area, many of whom were innocent settlers who competed with them for land, livestock and water rights. As tensions swelled between the large established ranchers and the smaller settlers in the state, violence finally broke out in Powder River Country, when the

)
- A.L. Redden (Aug 1882-Jul 1884)
- J.P. Johnson (Sep 1880-Aug 1882)
- Cyrus Leland, Jr. (Sep 1878-Sep 1880) (Troy) (1st time) - (Civil War veteran, Doniphan County Commissioner (1870-1890); state Representative (1865, 1903-1908); Collector of Internal Revenue (1888-1892); President William McKinley's western campaign manager (1896); Kansas Pension Agent (1897-1900); National Committeeman (1884–1900); National Conventions


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Question: Kosovo War

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Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started in late February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war, and the Kosovo Albanian rebel group known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), with air support from the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) from 24 March 1999, and ground support from the Albanian army.
The KLA, formed in the early

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the second division of football in Kosovo, First Football League of Kosovo.
FC Prishtina won the title for the third time since the end of the war, and the seventh time since the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Teams.
Sixteen teams of Football Superleague of Kosovo season 2007–08 and their position at the end of the season:
League table.
League table Relegation.
Promotion from Liga e Parë to Raiffeisen Superliga for 2008–09 season have secured: KF Istogu, KF Ferizaj and KF Ulpiana.


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Question: Mannerism

Mannerism
Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.
Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. Where High

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end of the 15th century, and dominated German Renaissance art.
Time Period:
- Italian Renaissance: Late 14th century to Early 16th century
- Northern Renaissance: 16th century
Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo.
In European art, Renaissance Classicism spawned two different movements—Mannerism and the Baroque. Mannerism, a reaction against the idealist perfection of Classicism, employed distortion of light and spatial frameworks in order to emphasize the emotional content of a painting and the emotions of the painter. The work of El Greco


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Question: McClure's

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McClure's
McClure's or McClure's Magazine (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism (investigative, watchdog, or reform journalism), and helped direct the moral compass of the day.
The publishing company briefly got into the film business with McClure Pictures.
History.
Founded by S. S. McClure (1857–1949) and John Sanborn Phillips (1861–1949), who had been classmates at Knox College

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at that point and reaching Banks Island.
McClure's ship was trapped in the ice for three winters near Banks Island, at the western end of Viscount Melville Sound. Finally McClure and his crew—who were by that time dying of starvation—were found by searchers who had travelled by sledge over the ice from a ship of Sir Edward Belcher's expedition. They rescued McClure and his crew, returning with them to Belcher's ships, which had entered the Sound from the east. McClure and his crew returned to


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Question: Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918. The combatants were, on one side, the Ottoman Empire (including Kurds and some Arab tribes), with some assistance from the other Central Powers; and on the other side, the British (with the help of Jews, Greeks, Assyrians and the majority of the Arabs, along with Indians under its empire), the Russians (with the help of Armenians) and the

. Fighting ended on 4 November 1918. Italian armed forces were also involved in the African theatre, the Balkan theatre, the Middle Eastern theatre and then took part in the Occupation of Constantinople. At the end of World War I, Italy was recognized with a permanent seat in the League of Nations' executive council along with Britain, France and Japan.
From neutrality to intervention.
Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Despite this, in the years before the war,


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Question: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal

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Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, sometimes referred to as the Third and Fourth Battles of Savo Island, the Battle of the Solomons, the Battle of Friday the 13th, or, in Japanese sources, the , took place from 12–15 November 1942, and was the decisive engagement in a series of naval battles between Allied (primarily American) and Imperial Japanese forces during the months-long Guadalcanal Campaign in the Solomon Islands during World War II. The action consisted of combined air and sea engagements over four

Midway.
- Enterprise Air Group Established 1 July 1938 to fly from USS Enterprise (CV-6), disestablished 1 Sep 1942 after USS Enterprise was damaged during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and entered Pearl Harbor naval shipyard for repairs.
- Wasp Air Group Established 1 Jul 1939 to fly from USS Wasp (CV-7), disestablished 15 Sep 1942 after the loss of USS Wasp during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
- Hornet Air Group Established 20 Oct 1941 to fly from USS Hornet (CV-8), disestablished 26 Oct 1942


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Question: Operation Chastise

Operation Chastise
Operation Chastise was an attack on German dams carried out on 16–17 May 1943 by Royal Air Force No. 617 Squadron, later called the Dam Busters, using a purpose-built "bouncing bomb" developed by Barnes Wallis. The Möhne and Edersee dams were breached, causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr valley and of villages in the Eder valley; the Sorpe Dam sustained only minor damage. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more damaged. Factories and mines were also damaged and destroyed. An estimated 1,600

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the Möhne, Sorpe and Eder dams, as part of Operation Chastise. The dam was repaired and in use again before the end of the year. The story of the raid was documented by the 1955 film called "The Dam Busters".
Tributaries of the Eder.
The most important tributaries of the Eder are (listed first in Eder-kilometres from source to the Fulda):
- rivers that used to flow to the Eder, but now flow in to the Edersee lake.


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Question: Raid on the Suez Canal

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Raid on the Suez Canal
The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 after a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, before the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I.
Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai peninsula, but their attack failed mainly because of strongly held defences and alert defenders.
Background.
Since its opening in 1869 the Suez

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Gamal Nasser used his name in a radio speech, as the codeword to his army to raid the Suez Canal Company's offices on 26 July 1956. This was the first step to the Suez Canal's nationalization. In the course of the raid and seizure of the canal by Egypt, the statue of de Lesseps at the entrance of the Suez Canal was removed from its pedestal, to symbolize the end of European ownership of the waterway. The statue now stands in a small garden of the Port Fuad shipyard.
In


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Question: Russo-Japanese War

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Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War (; ; "Japanese-Russian War") was fought during 1904–1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea.
Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a

American University. 20 Oct. 2008. .
- Kowner, Rotem. Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. Lantham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, 2006.
- Meernik, James. The Myth of the Diversionary Use of Force by American presidents. Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 573–590 Sage Publications, Inc. on behalf of the University of Utah
- Miller, Ross A. "Regime Type, Strategic Interaction, and the Diversionary Use


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Question: United States Exploring Expedition

United States Exploring Expedition
The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States. The original appointed commanding officer was Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones. Funding for the original expedition was requested by President John Quincy Adams in 1828, however, Congress would not implement funding until eight years later. In May 1836, the oceanic exploration voyage was finally authorized by Congress and created by President Andrew Jackson.
The expedition is sometimes called the "U.S. Ex

" was severely damaged in an attack by a whale. Upon return to New York in October 1827, she was decommissioned and broken up in 1828. She was rebuilt as "Peacock" (1828), to serve as an exploration ship of the United States Exploring Expedition. Jones was to have commanded the expedition, but lack of funding delayed the expedition until 1838, by which time he had resigned the appointment.
In May 1836, an act of Congress authorized the President to establish the five year United States Exploring


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Question: Warlord Era

Warlord Era
The Warlord Era (, 19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which were spread across the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.
In historiography, the era began when Yuan Shikai died in 1916, and lasted until 1928 when the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) officially unified China through the Northern Expedition

Liu Xun (warlord)
Liu Xun ( 180s–190s), courtesy name Zitai, was a military general and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Life.
Liu Xun was from Langya Commandery (琅邪郡), which is around present-day Linyi, Shandong. Sometime towards the end of the Zhongping era (184–189) of Emperor Ling's reign, he served as the Chief (長) of Jianping County (建平縣; southwest of present-day Xiayi County, Henan) in


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Question: Wars of the Three Kingdoms

Wars of the Three Kingdoms
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in the kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland between 1639 and 1651. The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts; it included the abolition of the monarchy and the execution of the kingdoms' monarch, Charles I, by the English Parliament in 1649.
The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and

the Basque territories remained independent, Christian kingdoms, occupying a central position within Christian Iberia. The Basque territories were for a time united within the Kingdom of Pamplona. The three present Spanish Basque provinces were incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile at the end of the 12th century, yet retained substantial local rights and privileges ("fueros").
The Basque Country was one of the main centres of 19th-century Carlism, which opposed the reigning monarchy and was defeated in a series of wars. Modern Basque nationalism originated during


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Question: Washington Naval Conference

Washington Naval Conference
The Washington Naval Conference, also named the Washington Arms Conference or the Washington Disarmament Conference, was a military conference called by U.S. President, Warren G. Harding, and held in Washington, D.C., from 12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922. Conducted outside the auspice of the League of Nations, it was attended by nine nations—the United States, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal—regarding interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Soviet Russia

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Yard Investigation." "Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles, Calif  Sep 8, 1903. pg. 6, 1 pgs
- "Naval Board Conference." "Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles, Calif  Dec 22, 1903. pg. 1, 1 pgs
- "Swift to Succeed Pillsbury." "The Washington Post". Washington, D.C  Mar 21, 1905. pg. 13, 1 pgs
- "Typhoid on Warship Mild." "The Washington Post"


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Question: Iphigenia

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Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; , "Iphigéneia") was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.
In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War. She retaliates by preventing the Greek troops from reaching Troy unless Agamemnon kills Iphigenia at Aulis as a human sacrifice. In some versions, Iphigenia dies at Aulis, but in others, Artemis rescues her. In the version where she is saved, she goes to the Taurians and

112 Iphigenia
Iphigenia (; minor planet designation: 112 Iphigenia) is a fairly large and exceedingly dark main-belt asteroid. Based upon a classification as a C-type asteroid, it has probably a primitive carbonaceous composition. It was discovered by German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on September 19, 1870, and named after Iphigenia, the princess sacrificed by her father in Greek mythology. The orbital elements for 112 Iphigenia were published by German astronomer Friedrich Tietjen in 1871.
Photometric observations of this asteroid during 2007


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Question: Vasco da Gama

or 1469 in the town of Sines, one of the few seaports on the Alentejo coast, southwest Portugal, probably in a house near the church of Nossa Senhora das Salas.
Vasco da Gama's father was Estêvão da Gama, who had served in the 1460s as a knight of the household of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu. He rose in the ranks of the military Order of Santiago. Estêvão da Gama was appointed "alcaide-mór" (civil governor) of Sines in the 1460s, a post he

used to develop mills, such as the tidal mill in Corroios in 1403, fostering various the millers, caulkers and carpenters along the river. It was in Seixal that the brothers Vasco da Gama and Paulo da Gama built vessels for the trip to India. While Vasco da Gama was in Lisbon to prepare the trip, Paulo da Gama commanded carpenters and caulkers in the construction of the ships. Estevão da Gama, the father of the brothers, was commander of Seixal. The construction of the ships was the beginning of what


Question:
Represent the natural language
Denethor

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Denethor
Denethor II, son of Ecthelion II, is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Return of the King", which is the third and final part of his novel "The Lord of the Rings". He is the 26th Ruling Steward of Gondor.
Literature.
Denethor was born in , the first son and third child of Ecthelion II. Ecthelion became the 25th Ruling Steward of Gondor in T.A. 2953, and at the same time Denethor became the heir apparent, inheriting the Horn

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of Gondor. He succeeded his father as Denethor II in T.A. 2984.
As stated in the early chapters and the Appendices of "The Return of the King", Denethor was widely considered a man of great will, foresight, and strength. However, he failed to reach out to his people, who flocked instead to Thorongil, an outsider who served Denethor's father with great renown. Thorongil vanished from Gondor four years before Denethor would succeed his father as Ruling Steward. Thorongil (who was secretly Aragorn, Chieftain


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Question: Hamnet Shakespeare

Hamnet Shakespeare
Hamnet Shakespeare (baptised 2 February 1585 – buried 11 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway, and the fraternal twin of Judith Shakespeare. He died at the age of 11. Some Shakespearean scholars speculate on the relationship between Hamnet and his father's later play "Hamlet", as well as on possible connections between Hamnet's death and the writing of "King John", "Romeo and Juliet", "Julius Caesar", and "Twelfth Night".

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sister of Hamnet. Hamnet, however, died at the age of eleven. Her baptism on 2 February 1585 was recorded as "Judeth Shakespeare" by the vicar, Richard Barton of Coventry, in the parish register for Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon. The twins were named after a husband and wife, Hamnet and Judith Sadler, who were friends of the parents. Hamnet Sadler was a baker in Stratford.
Unlike her father and her husband, Judith Shakespeare was probably illiterate. In 1611, she


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Question: James Cosmo

the series he won a pass to the final on 3 February 2017 and finished in fourth place.
Early life.
James Cosmo was born in Dumbarton Cottage Hospital, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, UK and attended Hartfield Primary School in Dumbarton. He is the son of actor James Copeland and Helen. Through his father, young James played cricket on Hampstead Heath with Sean Connery while his father was in the pub with Peter O’Toole. He also has a sister named Laura. When he was 11 moved back to Glasgow and later

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James Cosmo Melvill (naturalist)
James Cosmo Melvill (1 July 1845–4 November 1929) was a British botanist and malacologist. He collected plants in Europe and North America.
Family.
Melvill was born at Hampstead, London, on 1 July 1845. He was a grandson of British administrator in India, Sir James Cosmo Melvill (1792–1861), his father being the latter's second son, also James Cosmo Melvill (1821-1880), onetime assistant Under-Secretary of state for India. His mother was


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Question: Oedipus

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. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's role in the course of destiny in a harsh universe.
In the best known version of the myth, Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta. Laius wished to thwart the prophecy, so he sent a shepherd-servant to leave Oedipus to die on a mountainside. However, the shepherd took pity on the baby and passed him to another shepherd who gave Oedipus to King Polybus and Queen Merope to

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in Aristotle and Greek Tragedy" "The Classical Quarterly", New Series, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Dec., 1975): 221 - 254. JSTOR. St. Louis University, St. Louis. 29 Apr. 2008.
- Golden, Leon, "Hamartia, Atë, and Oedipus", "Classical World", Vol. 72, No. 1 (Sep., 1978), pp. 3–12.
- Hugh Lloyd-Jones, "The Justice of Zeus", University of California


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represent the term to find more information about it from wikipedia (~1 paragraph)

E.g. given '['', 'Twin Peaks']' it should be close to '['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Twin Peaks\nTwin Peaks is an American mystery horror drama television series created by Mark Frost and David Lynch that premiered on April 8, 1990, on ABC. The series developed a notably loyal following in 1990, but declining ratings led to its cancellation after its second season in 1991. It nonetheless gained a cult following and has been referenced in a wide variety of media. In subsequent years, "Twin Peaks" is often listed among the greatest television series of all time.\nThe series follows an investigation headed by']' but not to '['represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'Media was held where the actors from both shows discussed the episode.\nReviewers and fans of four seasons of Veena Sud\'s U.S. TV series, "The Killing", have noted similarities and borrowed elements from Lynch\'s "Fire Walk with Me" and "Twin Peaks", and compared Sud and Lynch\'s works.\nCarlton Cuse, creator of "Bates Motel", cited "Twin Peaks" as a key inspiration for his series, stating: "We pretty much ripped off "Twin Peaks"... If']'.

Question: Pelias

Pelias
Pelias (; Ancient Greek: Πελίας) was king of Iolcus in Greek mythology. The son of Tyro and the god Poseidon, he was the one who sent Jason on the quest for the Golden Fleece.
Family.
Pelias was the son of Tyro and Poseidon. His wife is recorded as either Anaxibia, daughter of Bias, or Phylomache, daughter of Amphion. He was the father of Acastus, Pisidice, Alcestis, Pelopia, Hippothoe, Amphinome, Evadne, Asteropeia, Antinoe and Medusa.
Mythology

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their father.
While Jason searched for the Golden Fleece, Hera, who was still angry at Pelias, conspired to make Jason fall in love with Medea, whom Hera hoped would kill Pelias. When Jason and Medea returned to Iolcus, Pelias still refused to give up his throne, so Medea conspired to have Pelias' own daughters kill him. She told them she could turn an old ram into a young ram by cutting up the old ram and boiling it in magic herbs. During her demonstration, a live,


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Question: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge

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Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is a member of the British royal family. He is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Since birth, he has been second in the line to succeed his grandmother Elizabeth II, who is queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.
William was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and studied for a degree at

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to be granted to him, and "The Sunday Telegraph" later reported that Prince Edward was at one point set to be titled Duke of Cambridge. Instead, Prince Edward was created Earl of Wessex, and it was announced that he would eventually be created the next Duke of Edinburgh after his father.
On 29 April 2011, the day of his wedding, it was announced that Prince William was to be created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus. The letters patent granting these titles received the great


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Question: Apollo

Apollo
Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: , "Apollōn" ( ); ) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The national divinity of the Greeks, Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the sun and light, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes

, one astronaut wore a device that recorded the time, strength, and path of high-energy atomic particles that penetrated the device. Analysis of the results concluded that the evidence supported the hypothesis that the flashes occurred when charged particles travelled through the retina in the eye.
Mission hardware and experiments Surface electrical properties experiment.
Apollo 17 was the only lunar surface expedition to include the surface electrical properties (SEP) experiment. The experiment included two major components: a transmitting antenna deployed near the lunar module and a receiving antenna


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Question: Atreus

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Atreus
In Greek mythology, Atreus ( , ; from ἀ-, "no" and τρέω, "tremble", "fearless", ) was a king of Mycenae in the Peloponnese, the son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus. Collectively, his descendants are known as Atreidai or Atreidae.
Atreus and his twin brother Thyestes were exiled by their father for murdering their half-brother Chrysippus in their desire for the throne of Olympia. They took refuge in Mycenae, where they ascended

go, but Baldur attempts to kill Freya, forcing Kratos to kill him. Freya swears revenge against Kratos for killing her son and taunts Kratos for not revealing his troubled past to Atreus. Kratos decides to tell Atreus that he had killed his fellow Greek gods, including his father Zeus (whose illusion he and Atreus saw in Helheim alongside an illusion of a younger Kratos from "God of War III" showing their final confrontation), but he and Atreus should learn from these experiences and not repeat past mistakes. The two


Question:
represent this
Jacques Piccard

Auguste Piccard, who was himself an adventurer and engineer. Jacques' father Auguste twice beat the record for reaching the highest altitude in a balloon, during 1931–1932. The Piccard family thus had the unique distinction of breaking world records for both the highest flight and the deepest dive.
- Jules Piccard (professor of chemistry)
- Auguste Piccard (physicist, aeronaut, balloonist, hydronaut)
- Jacques Piccard (hydronaut)
- Bertrand Piccard (aeronaut, balloonist)
- Jean Felix Piccard (organic chemist,

aeronaut, and balloonist)
- Jeannette Piccard (wife of Jean Felix) (aeronaut and balloonist)
- Don Piccard (balloonist)
Jacques's father, who had already set altitude records in his balloon, started using the buoyancy technique used in balloons for developing a submersible vehicle, the bathyscaphe. Jacques initially started out his career by teaching economics at University of Geneva while continuing to help his father improve the bathyscaphe to demonstrate its potential for operating in deep waters. During that period Piccard also completed a diploma at


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Question: Peisistratos

Peisistratos
Peisistratos (; died 528/7 BC), Latinized Pisistratus, the son of Hippocrates, was a ruler of ancient Athens during most of the period between 561 and 527 BC. His legacy lies primarily in his instituting the Panathenaic Games, historically assigned the date of 566 B.C., and the consequent first attempt at producing a definitive version of the Homeric epics. Peisistratos' championing of the lower class of Athens, the Hyperakrioi, (see below) is an early example of populism. While in power, Peisistratos did not hesitate

into a continuous presentation by Solon, and edited by Peisistratos.
A number of other fragments testify to a written edition by Peisistratos, some credible, some not. A few mention the establishment of a Peisistratean school. In others, Hipparchus (son of Peisistratos) published the edition and passed a law that it must be read at the Panathenaic Games, which began in 566 BCE, before the tyranny of his father, from 561 BCE. Peisistratos was succeeded by his sons in 527 BCE.
Ancient scholarship Classical scholarship Ionicization of


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Question: Shivaji

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after a local deity, the goddess Shivai. Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates. His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed, a Mughal-aligned sardar claiming descent from a Yadav royal family of Devagiri.
At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golkonda. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshah of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept

and Telegraph In Satara District.
- http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SATARA/comm_post%20and%20Telegraph.html
4.Bhoite's In Sansthani Praja Parishad,Phaltan
- Freedom Movement in Princely States of Maharashtra
By Arun Bhosale, Ashok S. Chousalkar, Lakshminarayana Tarodi, Shivaji University
Published by Shivaji University, 2001
Original from the University of Michigan
Digitized 3 Sep 2008
238 pages
5.Phaltan Tehsils Villages List :
- http://www.pmgsyonline.nic.in/aspnet/Citizens/DG/05DVC/CensusStatus.aspx?state=MH&district=27&block=4&reportLevel=3
6.Bhoite Clan Information'
Keshavrao Ramchandra Thorat


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Question: Galadriel

Tolkien describes Galadriel as "the mightiest and fairest of all the Elves that remained in Middle-earth" (after the death of Gil-galad) and the "greatest of elven women".
Literature.
Literature Internal biography.
Stories of Galadriel's life prior to "The Lord of the Rings" appear in both "The Silmarillion" and "Unfinished Tales". Galadriel was the only daughter and youngest child of Finarfin, prince of the Noldor, and of Eärwen, who was cousin to Lúthien. Her

Celeborn
Celeborn () is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. Celeborn is an Elf, and the husband of Galadriel. He appears in "The Lord of the Rings" as the Lord of the Galadhrim, and co-ruler along with Galadriel of Lothlórien. He was the father of Celebrían (the wife of Elrond), and thus the grandfather of Arwen Evenstar and her older brothers Elladan and Elrohir. He was also a kinsman of the First Age Elven King Thingol. "Celeborn"


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Question: Hatshepsut

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most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty. According to Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, she is also known as "the first great woman in history of whom we are informed."
Hatshepsut was the daughter and only child of Thutmose I and his primary wife, Ahmose. Her husband Thutmose II was the son of Thutmose I and a secondary wife named Mutnofret, who carried the title King's daughter and was probably a child of Ahmose I. Hatshepsut and Thutmose II had a daughter named

Hatshepsut (king's daughter)
Hatshepsut was an Ancient Egyptian "king's daughter" of the 13th Dynasty, around 1750 BC. She is known from a limestone stela now in the Cairo Egyptian Museum (CG 20394) and found at Abydos, where it is stated that she was the daughter of a "king's wife" Nofret. The name of her royal father is not recorded here. The queen Nofret is not known from other sources. Hatshepsut appears on this stela as wife of the military man Nedjesankh/


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Question: Muhtar Kent

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Muhtar Kent was born in 1952 in New York City, where his father, Necdet Kent, was the consul-general of Turkey. After completing high school at Tarsus American College in Mersin, Turkey in 1971, Muhtar Kent went to the UK to study at the University of Hull. Subsequently, he earned an MBA degree at Cass Business School, London.
Professional career.
Professional career 1978–1999.
Kent found a job at the Coca-Cola Company in Turkey through a newspaper ad in 1978. He toured the

, recipient of the 2010 World Statesman Award.
Sep 22, 2009
Address by Ivan Lewis on behalf of PM Gordon Brown
The Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom received the 2009 World Statesman Award
Sep 22, 2009
Address by Muhtar Kent
Muhtar Kent, Chairman & CEO, The Coca-Cola Company received the 2009 Appeal of Conscience Award
Sep 22, 2009
Address by Bernard J. Arnault
Bernard J. Arnault, Chairman & CEO, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton received the 2009


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Question: Tom Paris

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"Eugene", is a tribute to "Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry.
Biography.
Tom Paris is the son of Starfleet Admiral Owen Paris and a scion of a family with a long history of illustrious service in Starfleet. Following in his family's tradition, Paris attended Starfleet Academy sometime in the 2350s and majored in astrophysics. A gifted pilot, Paris earned an assignment to the Academy's honor squadron.
His relationship with his father was not a good one; while Tom wanted to join the Federation

Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title.

Cancellara's main rivals in classics races over his career was Tom Boonen (), who had won Paris–Roubaix on four occasions in the past. He had not been in strong form, however, in the 2016 season and had struggled with a wrist injury in the Tour of Flanders. His team, however, was very strong, with Terpstra, Stijn Vandenbergh and Zdeněk Štybar all possible winners of the race.
Other possible winners included Sep Vanmarcke (), who was third in the Tour of Flanders, Alexander


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Question: Abdul Hamid II

Congress and has been digitized.
Personal life.
Abdul Hamid II was born at Çırağan Palace, Ortaköy, or at Topkapı Palace, both in Istanbul, the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I and one of his many wives, Tîr-î-Müjgan Sultan, (Circassia, 16 August 1819Constantinople, Feriye Palace, 2 November 1853). He later also became the adoptive son of another of his father's wives, Valide Sultan Rahime Perestu. He was a skilled carpenter and personally crafted most of his own furniture,

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Refia Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid II)
Refia Sultan (; 15 June 1891 – 1938) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and Sazkar Hanım.
Early life.
Refia Sultan was born on 15 June 1891 in the Yıldız Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdul Hamid II, and her mother was Sazkar Hanım. She was the eleventh child, and sixth daughter born to her father and the only child of her mother.
Marriage.
Towards the end of Abdul Hamid's


Question:
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For instance you may be given '['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'Poland']' and it should match with '['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes:', "In 2011, the ruling Civic Platform won parliamentary elections. Poland joined the European Space Agency in 2012, as well as organised the UEFA Euro 2012 (along with Ukraine). In 2013, Poland also became a member of the Development Assistance Committee. In 2014, the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk, was chosen to be President of the European Council, and resigned as prime minister. The 2015 elections were won by the opposition Law and Justice Party (PiS).\nGeography.\nPoland's territory"]' but not with '['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', "the SNTE, education was decentralized from its control by the Ministry of Public Education (SEP) and came under the control of Mexican state government. Curriculum reform was also undertaken by the SEP, which included the creation of new textbooks. Protests resulted in the government's withdrawing the textbooks. A third component of the accord was the creation of a system of merit pay for teachers. \nThe SNTE grew to be the largest single labor union in Latin America, and its head, Elba Esther Gordillo considered the most powerful woman"]'.

Question: Akbar

Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it:

Akbar
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: ; October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I (), also as Akbar the Great ("Akbar-i-azam" ), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal

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Orakazi,TJ,(7 FF 1948).
- Havaldar Hukamdad Abbasi TJ
- Lance Naik Shadab Wali Khan TJ, 39 Baloch 1971
- Sep/Clk Muhammad Akbar TJ, 4 Punjab, 1971
- Col/ Muhammad Saleem TJ
- Maj/ Muhammad Iftikhar Ahmad TJ, 1971, Army Aviation, Choor Sector
- Sep Muhmad Ghraz (6 NLI) TJ, 1999
- Cap.Asfandyar Bukhari (11 FFR) TJ 1, 2015
- Captain Roohullah (Baloch Light Commando Battalion), 2015
- Lance


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Question: Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (14/15 April 14522 May 1519), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci ( ), was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance whose areas of interest included invention, drawing, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography. He is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time, despite perhaps only 15 of his paintings having survived.
The "Mona

the series follows the adventures of the young Leonardo da Vinci and his friends in 15th century Florence.
Characters.
- Leonardo da Vinci (Jonathan Bailey): Leonardo (A.K.A. Leo) is an artist at Verrocchio's workshop. He loves painting, inventing, and creating new things that no one else ever dreamed could work.
- Tomaso/Lisa Gherardini (Flora Spencer-Longhurst): "Tom" is a girl who lives disguised as a male apprentice. She changed her name to Tomaso (her father


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Question: Todd Karns

Todd Karns
Roscoe Todd Karns (January 15, 1921 – February 5, 2000) was an American actor. He is perhaps best remembered for playing George Bailey's younger brother, Harry Bailey, in the 1946 film "It's a Wonderful Life".
Early life.
Karns was the son of the well-known character actor Roscoe Karns and his wife Mary Fraso. He initially planned to have a career as a newspaper reporter, but participation in a little theater production changed his mind, turning him toward

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes!

Examples:

"['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', "Battle of Beaver Dams\nThe Battle of Beaver Dams took place on 24 June 1813, during the War of 1812. An American column marched from Fort George and attempted to surprise a British outpost at Beaver Dams, billeting themselves overnight in the village of Queenston, Ontario. Laura Secord, a resident of Queenston, had earlier learned of the American plans, and had struck out on a long and difficult trek to warn the British at Decou's stone house near present-day Brock University. When the Americans resumed their march"]" == "['Represent the term to find more information about it from Wikipedia (~1 paragraph).', 'Battle of Beaver Dams']"

). Polly gets quite jealous of Kathryn when she discovers that Andy's bought stockings for Kathryn to wear at graduation. Kathryn's brother Harry (Todd Karns) takes on the task of designing decorations for the graduation ceremony. The father, a down-on-his-luck international travel expert, is helped by Judge Hardy's (Lewis Stone) connections in the US State Department to find a better job.
While Andy is struggling with his English exams, Kathryn's brother Harry proves to be quite the scholar


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Question: Hecate

priestess often associated with Iphigenia. She scorns and insults Artemis, who in retribution eventually brings about the mortal's suicide.
Mythology Classical period Parentage.
In the earliest written source mentioning Hekate, Hesiod emphasized that she was an only child, the daughter of Perses and Asteria, the sister of Leto (the mother of Artemis and Apollo). Grandmother of the three cousins was Phoebe the ancient Titaness who personified the moon.
In various later accounts, Hekate was described either as the daughter of (1) Deo (Demeter

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either Trienus (Triton?) or Phorcus (a variant of Phorkys), similarly the Plato scholiast, perhaps following Apollodorus, gives the father as Tyrrhenus or Phorcus, while Eustathius on Homer, "Odyssey" 12.85 gives the father as Triton.
Other authors have Hecate as Scylla's mother. The Hesiodic "Megalai Ehoiai" gives Hecate and Phorbas as the parents of Scylla, while Acusilaus says that Scylla's parents were Hecate and Phorkys (so also schol. "Odyssey" 12.85). Perhaps trying to reconcile these


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Question: Jamie Foreman

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4, starting from in December 2015.
Personal life.
Jamie Foreman is the son of Maureen Foreman and Freddie Foreman, a former south London gangster. He was married to actress Carol Harrison and they have one son, Alfie.
Foreman is a fan of Tottenham Hotspur.
External links.
- Interview from 2005
- Profile at BBC webpage

from a substance abuse problem. Kylie Rogers portrays a young Beth in a recurring role.
- Wes Bentley as Jamie Dutton, an attorney, aspiring politician, and one of John and Evelyn's sons. Although completely loyal to his father and family, he is constantly frustrated at the current state of his family. He also has an intense love/hate relationship with his sister Beth. Dalton Baker portrays a young Jamie in a recurring role.
- Cole Hauser as Rip Wheeler, the ranch foreman at Yellowstone and


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Question: José de San Martín

of debate by later historians.
San Martín is regarded as a national hero of Argentina and Peru, and one of the Liberators of Spanish South America. The Order of the Liberator General San Martín ("), created in his honor, is the highest decoration conferred by the Argentine government.
Early life.
José de San Martín was the fifth and last son of Juan de San Martín, an unsuccessful Spanish soldier, and Gregoria Matorras del Ser. He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, an Indian reduction of

(12 Sep 1794 – 24 June 1797 Died)
- Pedro Díaz Valdés (14 Sep 1798 – 15 Nov 1807 Died)
- Pablo Sitjar Ruata (16 Mar 1808 Confirmed – 21 Aug 1831 Died)
- Pedro Martínez de San Martín (15 April 1833 Confirmed – 24 Mar 1849 Died)
- José Domingo Costa y Borrás (7 Jan 1850 Confirmed – 3 Aug 1857 Confirmed, Archbishop of Tarragona)
- Antonio Palau y Termes (25 Sep 1857 Confirmed – 8 July 1862 Died)
-


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Question: Alfred Nobel

the sales of arms, he bequeathed his fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. His name also survives in modern-day companies such as Dynamit Nobel and AkzoNobel, which are descendants of mergers with companies Nobel himself established.
Life and career.
Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889). The couple married in 1827 and had eight children. The family was impoverished, and only Alfred and

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of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994)
- Claude Shannon - studied cryptography and chess; sometimes called "the father of information theory"
- Lloyd Shapley - Shapley value and core concept in coalition games (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2012)
- Thomas Schelling - bargaining (Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005) and models of segregation
- Myrna Wooders - coalition theory


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Question: Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale

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Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892), was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) and grandson of the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria. From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the British throne, but never became king because he died before his father and grandmother.
Albert

tutor to Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale.
Relationship with Prince Albert Victor.
In 1883, Stephen was chosen as the tutor and companion of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the son of the Prince of Wales, and was expected to help raise the crown prince's poor academic standing before attending Trinity College, Cambridge. Stephen was initially optimistic about tutoring the prince nicknamed 'Eddy', but by the time the party were to move to Cambridge he had concluded, "I


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Question: Christina Rossetti

Early life and education.
Christina Rossetti was born in Charlotte Street (now 105 Hallam Street), London, to Gabriele Rossetti, a poet and a political exile from Vasto, Abruzzo, since 1824 and Frances Polidori, the sister of Lord Byron's friend and physician, John William Polidori. She had two brothers and a sister: Dante Gabriel became an influential artist and poet, and William Michael and Maria both became writers. Christina, the youngest, was a lively child. She dictated her first story to

represent this wikipedia passage to find its title

Examples:

"['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Bread\nBread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking. Throughout recorded history it has been a prominent food in large parts of the world and is one of the oldest man-made foods, having been of significant importance since the dawn of agriculture.\nBread may be leavened by processes such as reliance on naturally occurring sourdough microbes, chemicals, industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration. Commercial bread commonly contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life']" == "['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'Bread']"

Over the Sea (Christina Rossetti)" 5: not currently known 6: "Summer (Christina Rossetti)"
- 1917 "Song of the Palanquin Bearers" republished – Curwen
- 1917 "Lied der Sänftentrager" [German translation of Palanquin Bearers] – Universal Edition
- 1918 "Serenade (Diana Gardner") – Curwen
- 1918 "Two Songs from Alice in Wonderland (Lewis Carroll)" – (Evans: 3rd Bk of the School Concert) 1: "You are Old Father William"


Question: Judas Maccabeus

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Judas Maccabeus
Judah Maccabee (or Judas Maccabeus, also spelled Machabeus, or Maccabaeus, Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, "Yehudah ha-Makabi") was a Jewish priest ("kohen") and a son of the priest Mattathias. He led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire (167–160 BCE).
The Jewish holiday of Hanukkah ("Dedication") commemorates the restoration of Jewish worship at the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 164 BCE, after Judah Maccabeus removed all of the statues depicting Greek gods and goddesses

Jews to victory against the forces of Nicanor.)
- Battle of Beth Horon (Judas Maccabeus defeats the forces of Seron.)
- Battle of Beth-zechariah (Elazar the Maccabee is killed in battle. Lysias has success in battle against the Maccabees, but allows them temporary freedom of worship.)
- Battle of Beth Zur (Judas Maccabeus defeats the army of Lysias, recapturing Jerusalem.)
- Dathema (A Jewish fortress saved by Judas Maccabeus.)
- Battle of Elasa (Judas Maccabeus


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Question: Marty McFly

maturity as he often loses his temper when called a "Chicken". Over the years, Marty learns how to make his decisions on his own terms instead of being influenced by others, thereby changing his future for the better.
Family.
Marty McFly is the youngest of three children of George McFly and Lorraine Baines-McFly. He has a brother, Dave McFly, and a sister, Linda McFly. In addition, he has an uncle, Joey, who is serving a prison sentence in 1985 and is

Red Dawn" (1984), and "The Wild Life" (1984).
Thompson's most famous role is that of Lorraine Baines McFly in the "Back to the Future" trilogy, with the first film released in 1985. Thompson's character is the mother of Marty McFly, played by Michael J. Fox, whom Marty meets when she is a 1950s adolescent age after he travels back in time; he has to avoid having Lorraine fall in love with him instead of with his future father, George (


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Question: Hermaphroditus

Hermaphroditus
In Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus or Hermaphroditos (; ) was the son of Aphrodite and Hermes. According to Ovid, he was born a remarkably handsome boy with whom the naiad Salmacis fell in love and prayed to be united forever. A god, in answer to her prayer, merged their two forms into one and transformed them into an androgynous form. His name is compounded of his parents' names, Hermes and Aphrodite. He was one of the Erotes.
Because Hermaphroditus was a son of Hermes, and consequently

now Pembroke College, Oxford) at age thirteen. Following the death of his father in 1598, he left university without a degree and followed in his father's footsteps by entering the Inner Temple in London in 1600.
Accounts suggest that Beaumont did not work long as a lawyer. He became a student of poet and playwright Ben Jonson; he was also acquainted with Michael Drayton and other poets and dramatists, and decided that was where his passion lay. His first work, "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus", appeared in


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Question: James Roache

James Roache
William James Roache (born 29 December 1985) is an English actor who is perhaps best known for his roles in connection with his father William Roache. In "Coronation Street" he played James, the long-lost grandson of Ken Barlow (played by his father). He also played the role of his own father William as a young man in the BBC drama "The Road to Coronation Street".
Personal life.
Roache was educated at Oxford Brookes University. He is the son of

an emotional eulogy paying tribute to her mother's unique character. In September, she is disgusted to discover that Lawrence Cunningham (Linus Roache) is Ken's son and that Lawrence has a gay son James Cunningham (James Roache). Deirdre is delighted when Tracy is released from prison on Christmas Day 2010. Despite knowing about Tracy's manipulative personality, Deirdre supports her but she finds Tracy in a pool of blood on New Year's Day, with Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson), Amy's father, standing over her


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Question: Pablo Neruda

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part of the greater Maule Region, some 350 km south of Santiago, to José del Carmen Reyes Morales, a railway employee, and Rosa Neftalí Basoalto Opazo, a schoolteacher who died two months after he was born. Soon after her death, Reyes moved to Temuco, where he married a woman, Trinidad Candia Malverde, with whom he had had another child nine years earlier, a boy named Rodolfo de la Rosa. Neruda grew up in Temuco with Rodolfo and a half-sister, Laura Herminia "Laurita"

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Margarita Aguirre
Margarita Aguirre (30 December 1925 – 15 December 2003) was a Chilean writer and critic. She was the friend and first biographer of Nobel-winning poet Pablo Neruda.
Biography.
Margarita Aguirre was the daughter of Sócrates Aguirre and Sofía Flores. Her siblings were named Francisco (Paco) and Perla.
She met poet Pablo Neruda in Buenos Aires in 1933, where her father was Chile's deputy consul. Neruda held a diplomatic post in Argentina at the time. Despite the age difference (


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Question: Grover Cleveland

Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents.
Early life.
Early life Childhood and family history.
Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, to Ann (née Neal) and Richard Falley Cleveland. Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. On his father

Francis Cleveland
Francis Grover Cleveland (July 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995) was an American stage actor, director and producer. He was the co-founder of the Barnstormers Theatre, a theatre company in Tamworth, New Hampshire. His parents were President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom.
Early life.
Cleveland was born in 1903 in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, a part of the Town of Bourne. His father, Grover Cleveland, was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States;


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Question: Puyi

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heir.
Puyi, who succeeded the Guangxu Emperor, was the eldest son of Zaifeng, Prince Chun, who was born to Yixuan, Prince Chun and his second concubine Liugiya Cuiyan (1866–1925). Lady Liugiya had been a maid in the residence of Yixuan. Born to a Han Bannerman family, her original family name was Liu (劉), and this was changed to the Manchu clan name Liugiya when she became the concubine of Yixuan and was transferred to a Manchu banner. Zaifeng was therefore a younger half-

control him. He was given four photographs to choose from. Puyi stated they all looked alike to him, with the exception of different clothing. He chose Wenxiu. Political factions within the palace made the actual choice as to whom Puyi would marry. The selection process alone took an entire year.
1. WanrongPuyi's second choice for his wife was Wanrong, a Daur. She married Puyi in 1922 and became his Empress. Her father, Rong Yuan (榮源), was a Minister of Domestic Affairs. She


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Question: Rebecca

and her suitability for entering Abraham's household.
The servant immediately gave her a golden nose ring and two golden bracelets (Genesis 24:22), which Rebecca hurried to show her mother. Seeing the jewelry, her brother Laban ran out to greet the guest and bring him inside. The servant recounted the oath he made to Abraham and all the details of his trip to and meeting with Rebecca in fine detail, after which Laban and Bethuel agreed that she could return with him. After hosting the party overnight, however,

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Royal Lockdown" (Jun 2007)
- "Sudden Attraction" (Feb 2012)
- "Sudden Insight" (Jan 2012)
- "Her Baby’s Father" (Sep 2012)
- "Carrie’s Protector" (Jun 2013)
- "Bridal Jeopardy" (Mar 2014)
- "Diagnosis: Attraction" (Apr 2014)
External links.
- Ruth Glick/Rebecca York Official Website
- (this is a partial bibliography that focuses on the author's speculative fiction


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Question: Semele

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Semele
Semele (; "Semelē"), in Greek mythology, was the youngest daughter of the Phoenician hero Cadmus and Harmonia, and the mother of Dionysus by Zeus in one of his many origin myths.
Certain elements of the cult of Dionysus and Semele came from the Phrygians. These were modified, expanded and elaborated by the Ionian Greek invaders and colonists. Herodotus, who gives the account of Cadmus, estimates that Semele lived sixteen hundred years before his time, or around 2000 BCE. In Rome, the goddess

a closed-circuit telecast and in 2017 became available on DVD.
Synopsis.
Princess Europa of Tyre and Prince Isséo are engaged to be married. Their plans to wed are ruined when the king of Crete, Asterio, abducts Europa from her father’s palace and forces her to marry him. Europa's father King Agenore of Tyre, tries to find his daughter but fails. In despair, he leaves his throne to his niece Semele instead of Europa on the condition that Semele must marry the man who kills


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Question: Sima Qian

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authors all suffered great personal misfortunes before their lasting monumental works could come to fruition.
Early life and education.
Sima Qian was born at Xiayang in Zuopingyi (around present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) around 145, though some sources give his birth year as around 135. Around 136, his father, Sima Tan, received an appointment to the relatively low-ranking position of "grand historian" ("tàishǐ" , alt. "grand scribe" or "grand astrologer"). The grand historian

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Sima Qian
Sima Qian (; ; c. 145 – c. 86 BC) was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220). He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his "Records of the Grand Historian", a general history of China in the "Jizhuanti" style (紀傳體) covering more than two thousand years beginning from the rise of the legendary Yellow Emperor and the formation of the first Chinese polity to the reigning sovereign of Sima Qian's time, Emperor Wu of Han. As the first


Question:
represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its wikipedia page

E.g. "['Represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its Wikipedia page', 'To the Sea']" == "['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', 'on a new album, and on February 1, the band announced that their currently untitled fifth studio album was slated for a June 1 release, to be followed by a world tour. The album was recorded over three weeks in Johnson\'s two solar-powered studios, "The Mango Tree" in Hawaii and the "Solar Powered Plastic Plant" in Los Angeles. "To the Sea" was released on Johnson\'s own label, Brushfire Records, with the first single, "You and Your Heart", already']" != "['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Bright Antenna Records\nBright Antenna Records is an independent record label, founded in 2007 and based in Mill Valley, California. The label was created by producer Sep V and by writer Tiffanie DeBartolo and named after the lyrics to the song "The Spirit of Radio" by Rush. Bright Antenna specializes in artist development and, in addition to its label services, operates an online store for its vinyl and specialty products. BA\'s staff includes A&R veteran Braden Merrick, who discovered and broke The Killers.\nRoster.']"

Question: Arwen

Arwen
Arwen Undómiel is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. She appears in the novel "The Lord of the Rings", usually published in three volumes. Arwen is one of the half-elven (Peredhil) who lived during the Third Age.
Literature.
Arwen was the youngest child of Elrond and Celebrían. Her elder brothers were the twins Elladan and Elrohir. Her name, "Ar-wen", means 'noble maiden'. She bore the sobriquet "Evenstar" (

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2004), playing a woman who meets a widowed father, played by Affleck, and re-opens his heart to love. In an interview with MTV News, Tyler confessed that she felt "scared and vulnerable" while filming "Jersey Girl", adding "I was so used to those other elements of the character [Arwen]. On "The Lord of the Rings", a lot of things were done in post-production, whereas this was really just about me and Ben sitting there, just shooting


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Question: Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc, in French Jeanne d'Arc () or Jehanne (circa 1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. She was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée, a peasant family, at Domrémy in northeast France. Joan claimed to have received visions of the archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and

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. "My Father Mark Twain". New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers.
External links.
- Original Letters: Mark Twain, "The American Historian of Joan of Arc" Shapell Manuscript Foundation
- "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc" by Mark Twain - an online version from the Internet History Sourcebooks Project
- "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc" and Mark Twain's essay on Joan of Arc Online
- "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc — Volume 1" by Mark Twain -


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Question: Jocasta

Jocasta
In Greek mythology, Jocasta (), also known as Iocaste ( ) or Epicaste (; ), was a daughter of Menoeceus, a descendant of the Spartoi, and queen consort of Thebes. She was the wife of first Laius, then of their son Oedipus, and both mother and grandmother of Antigone, Eteocles, Polynices and Ismene. She was also sister of Creon and mother-in-law of Haimon.
Life.
After his abduction and rape of Chrysippus, Laius married Jocasta. Laius received

died. However, it is now revealed that Polybus was only the foster-father of Oedipus, who had been, in fact, a foundling. An ancient shepherd arrives: it was he who had found the child Oedipus in the mountains. Jocasta, realizing the truth, flees. At last, the messenger and shepherd state the truth openly: Oedipus is the child of Laius and Jocasta, killer of his father, husband of his mother. Shattered, Oedipus leaves. The messenger reports the death of Jocasta: she


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Question: Proserpina

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all in vain. She was unable to find anything but a small belt floating upon a little lake made from the tears of the nymphs. In her desperation, Ceres angrily stopped the growth of fruits and vegetables, bestowing a malediction on Sicily. Ceres refused to return to Mount Olympus and started walking the Earth, creating a desert with each step.
Worried, Jupiter sent Mercury to order Pluto (Jupiter's brother) to free Proserpina. Pluto obeyed, but before letting her go he made her eat six pomegranate seeds

pomerium". The race seems to have been staged with temporary facilities on the Trigarium, near the Tarentum, the precinct within which the Altar of Dis and Proserpina was located. Father Dis was the Roman equivalent of the Greek "Plouton" (Pluto), and his consort Proserpina (Persephone) embodied the vegetative cycle of growth symbolizing the course of the human soul through birth, death, and rebirth into the afterlife, over which the couple presided in the mysteries. The cult may have been imported to Rome when the


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Question: John Stuart Mill

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John Stuart Mill was born at 13 Rodney Street in Pentonville, Middlesex, the eldest son of the Scottish philosopher, historian and economist James Mill, and Harriet Barrow. John Stuart was educated by his father, with the advice and assistance of Jeremy Bentham and Francis Place. He was given an extremely rigorous upbringing, and was deliberately shielded from association with children his own age other than his siblings. His father, a follower of Bentham and an adherent of associationism, had as his explicit aim to create a genius intellect that

Rapids. In 1874 John and Robert entered into partnership with a railroader, George Douglas Sr., of Cedar Rapids. In 1876 Robert married Maggie Shearer, a niece of George Douglas. In 1877 Robert Stuart & George Douglas of Cedar Rapids Iowa became co-partners with the father, John Stuart, and an Ingersoll miller, W.S. King, in founding new steam mill in Ingersoll, on north side of the River Thames. The father and son team, John and Robert, later opened a second mill in Chicago.


Question:
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For example, '['represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its wikipedia page', "You Don't Mess with the Zohan"]' should have a representation like '['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', "You Don't Mess with the Zohan\nYou Don't Mess with the Zohan is a 2008 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and produced by Adam Sandler, who also starred in the film. It was the fourth film that included a collaboration of Sandler as actor and Dugan as director. The film revolves around Zohan Dvir (), an Israeli counterterrorist army commando who fakes his own death in order to pursue his dream of becoming a hairstylist in New York City. The story was written by Adam Sandler, Judd Apatow"]' but very far from '['Represent the next text', 'based investor Irwin L. Jacobs. In 2008, DeJoria became an advisory board member for The Beauty Channel; a streaming beauty and fashion-focused television station.\nDeJoria has been active in the film industry as an executive producer and actor. He made a cameo appearance as himself, in the 2008 comedy "You Don\'t Mess with the Zohan", and also in "The Big Tease" as the fictional John Paul Mitchell. DeJoria also made a cameo appearance in the Showtime series "Weeds" season 2. He']'.

Question: Samuel

He is also treated in the fifth through seventh books of Josephus's "Antiquities of the Jews", written in the first century CE (AD).
He is first called the Seer in 1 Samuel 9:9.
Biblical account.
Biblical account Family.
Samuel's mother was Hannah and his father was Elkanah. Elkanah lived at Ramathaim in the district of Zuph. His genealogy is also found in a pedigree of the Kohathites (1 Chronicles 6:3-15) and in that of Heman the Ezrahite, apparently his

1914 in Berne, Switzerland). They had several children, including:
- Richard Samuel Croker "Jr." (30 March 1877 in New York – aft. 1940), attended Brown University and married 12 March 1898 to Mary Brophy, without issue.
- Francis H. "Frank" Croker (15 Sep 1878 in Fordham, Bronx County, New York – 22 Jan 1905 in Ormond Beach, Florida). His monumental grave was erected by his father following his death from injuries sustained in avoiding a motorcyclist while


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Question: Hermes

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The provided query could be "['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Justin Burton\nJustin Burton is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Chris Fountain. Justin arrived in 2003 and departed on 3 June 2009. Justin arrived in a family of six, however by September 2006, the Burton family had left the show. It was announced in March 2009 that Fountain had decided to leave the show and would depart in a \'major storyline which echoes the fire which killed his sisters\'. Fountain was credited in a flashback episode broadcast on 1']" and the positive "['Represent the term to find more information about it from Wikipedia (~1 paragraph)', 'Justin Burton']"

Hermes
Hermes (; ) is the god of trade, heraldry, merchants, commerce, roads, thieves, trickery, sports, travelers, and athletes in Ancient Greek religion and mythology; the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia, he was the second youngest of the Olympian gods (Dionysus being the youngest).
Hermes was the emissary and messenger of the gods. Hermes was also "the divine trickster" and "the god of boundaries and the transgression of boundaries, ... the patron of herdsmen, thieves,

and continues to remain in the space.
References.
- Noon, Chris. "Billionaire Burkle Buys U.K. Crown Jeweller" "Forbes", 21 March 2006, retrieved 21 November 2006.
Further reading.
- http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/pri/asprey.html
- https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/feb/21/baftas-jewellers
- https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/sep/27/hermes-asprey-bond-street-shop
- http://www.fosterandpartners.com/Projects/1151/Default.aspx
- https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/style/25iht-fasp_ed3_.html
- Asprey Press Releases
- Asprey News & Events
- https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1341164/Asprey-and-Garrard-go-separate-ways.html


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Question: Methuselah

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Methuselah
Methuselah ( "Məṯūšélaḥ", in pausa "Məṯūšā́laḥ", "Man of the javelin" or "Man of Selah"; "Mathousalá") was a biblical patriarch and a figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Said to have died at the age of 969, he lived the longest of all figures mentioned in the Bible. According to the Book of Genesis, Methuselah was the son of Enoch, the father of Lamech, and the grandfather of Noah. Elsewhere in the Bible, Methuselah is

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- Aug 1921
- "Maxims of Methuselah" (article) (Gelett Burgess) - Jun 1911
- "Donkies" (short story) (Leonid Andreyev) - Dec 1922
- "The Man Who Understood Women" (short story) (Elsie McCormick) - Sep 1917
- "A Flood" (short story) (George Moore) - Nov 1913
- "Freedom" (poem) (Margaret Widdemer) - Mar 1919
- "An Epilogue to Love" (poem) (


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Question: Patrick Wayne

Patrick Wayne
Patrick John Morrison (born July 15, 1939), better known by his stage name Patrick Wayne, is an American actor, the second son of movie star John Wayne and his first wife, Josephine Alicia Saenz. He made over 40 films, including eleven with his father.
Later in his career, Wayne became a game show host with "The Monte Carlo Show" and later "Tic-Tac-Dough".
Early life and career.
Born in Los Angeles, he is

Thomas Wayne
Thomas Wayne, MD is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. The character was introduced in "Detective Comics" #33 (Nov. 1939) in the first exposition of Batman's origin story. He is the father of Bruce Wayne, who is Batman, and husband of Martha Wayne.
A gifted physician and philanthropist to Gotham City, Dr. Thomas Wayne, MD inherited the Wayne family fortune after Patrick Wayne. When Dr. Wayne and


Question:
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Examples:
Provided: "['Represent text:', 'The Rachel Maddow Show\nThe Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00\xa0pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.\nBackground.\nKeith Olbermann, then host of MSNBC\'s "']" Match: "['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'The Rachel Maddow Show']"

concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers, and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music. Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart, and Joseph Haydn wrote: "posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years".
Life and career.
Life and career Early life.
Life and career Early life Family and childhood.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna

mother Thérèse von Ullmann was a gifted singer of German origin. His father gave him his first piano lessons and then took him to Vienna to study with Carl Czerny. At age eleven, he performed a Czerny piano concerto in Łańcut, with Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, the son of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conducting. At the age of fifteen he started to tutor his first students. By the age of eighteen he was a well-known virtuoso in Vienna and beyond. His composition teacher was Simon Sechter, an eminent professor