Question:
represent this phrase to find its first wikipedia paragraph

For instance you may be given '['Represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its Wikipedia page', 'Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge']' and it should match with '['Represent this paragraph to retrieve the one term that is most relevant to it', 'Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge\nDulhan Hum Le Jayenge () is a 2000 Indian romantic comedy film starring Bollywood actors Salman Khan and Karisma Kapoor. "Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge" was directed by David Dhawan and was the fifth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2000.\nThe movie was inspired by Bhappi Sonie\'s 1960 movie "Ek Phool Char Kaante".\nPlot.\nSapna (Karisma Kapoor) has been brought up by her three doting, but eccentric uncles. Uncle no. 1 (Paresh Rawal) is a']' but not with '['represent this wikipedia passage to find its title', 'family drama "Hum Saath-Saath Hain" (1999), and the action romance "Jaanwar" (1999). During the early 2000s, she was particularly praised for her starring roles in several critically acclaimed films, including a disillusioned sister in the 2000 terrorism drama "Fiza", the titular actress in the 2001 biopic "Zubeidaa", and a powerful daughter-in-law in the 2002 action film "". Her highest-grossing releases at that point included the romantic comedy "Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge']'.

Question: Plato

of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus.
Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker and lyric poet Solon, one of the seven sages, who repealed the laws of Draco (except for the death penalty for homicide). Perictione was sister of Charmides and niece of Critias, both prominent figures of the Thirty Tyrants, known as the Thirty, the brief oligarchic regime (404–403 BC), which followed on the collapse of Athens at the end

- Nicola Michele Abati (Abbate) (26 Jun 1724 Appointed - 28 Sep 1733 Appointed, Bishop of Squillace)
- Hyacinthus Verdesca (1 Oct 1733 Appointed - Sep 1747 Died)
- Giovanni Bufalini (18 Dec 1747 Appointed - 28 Nov 1748 Died)
- Antonio Francesco de Plato (3 Mar 1749 Appointed - 3 Mar 1760 Appointed, Bishop of Tricarico)
- Francesco Antonio Salomone (3 Mar 1760 Appointed - 16 May 1766 Died)
- Thomas Zarone (21 Jul 1766 Appointed - Aug 1791


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Question: Prince William, Duke of Cambridge

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Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is a member of the British royal family. He is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Since birth, he has been second in the line to succeed his grandmother Elizabeth II, who is queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.
William was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and studied for a degree at

– Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
1920 – Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII)
1927 – Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)
1958 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1962 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone
2011 – Prince William (later Duke of Cambridge)
2014 – Duke and Duchess of Cambridge
History Floods.
Damaging flooding has occurred on numerous occasions in Ipswich, the largest being the 1893 Brisbane flood peaking at 24.5 m, and more


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Question: Semele

Semele
Semele (; "Semelē"), in Greek mythology, was the youngest daughter of the Phoenician hero Cadmus and Harmonia, and the mother of Dionysus by Zeus in one of his many origin myths.
Certain elements of the cult of Dionysus and Semele came from the Phrygians. These were modified, expanded and elaborated by the Ionian Greek invaders and colonists. Herodotus, who gives the account of Cadmus, estimates that Semele lived sixteen hundred years before his time, or around 2000 BCE. In Rome, the goddess

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Semele (disambiguation)
Semele is the mother of Dionysus in Greek mythology.
Semele may also refer to:
- "Semele" (Eccles), an opera by John Eccles
- "Semele" (Handel), an opera by George Frideric Handel (given as an oratorio in its first run)
- "Sémélé", an opera by Marin Marais
- 86 Semele, an asteroid
- "Semele" (plant), a genus of flowering plants
- "Semele" (bivalve


Question:
represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its wikipedia page.
The provided query could be '['Represent this input to retrieve the first passage from its Wikipedia page', 'La Calavera Catrina']' and the positive '['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'La Calavera Catrina\nLa Calavera Catrina (\'Dapper Skeleton\', \'Elegant Skull\') or Catrina La Calavera Garbancera is a 1910–1913 zinc etching by the Mexican printmaker, cartoon illustrator and lithographer José Guadalupe Posada. She is offered as a satirical portrait of those Mexican natives who, Posada felt, were aspiring to adopt European aristocratic traditions in the pre-revolution era. "La Catrina" has become an icon of the Mexican Día de Muertos, or Day of the Dead.\nThe zinc etching depicts a female skeleton']' and the negative '['Represent the input', 'Catrina make-up, facepainting a skull with ornate elements is a popular element of Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico. Its use as a Halloween costume has been criticised as cultural appropriation.\nSee also.\n- Calaca\n- Papel Picado\n- La Calavera Catrina\n- Santa Muerte\n- Manuel Calavera\nExternal links.\n- Information about Jose Guadalupe Posada, Posada Art Foundation']'

Question: Sisyphus

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P. Beekes has suggested a pre-Greek origin and a connection with the root of the word ' (σοφός, "wise"). German mythographer Otto Gruppe thought that the name derived from ' (σίσυς, "a goat's skin"), in reference to a rain-charm in which goats' skins were used.
Family.
Sisyphus was the son of King Aeolus of Thessaly and Enarete and the brother of Salmoneus. He married the Pleiad Merope by whom he became the father of Glaucus, Ornytion

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, Monkman later remembered. Many of the early Curved Air songs were written for Sisyphus, among them "Young Mother in Style" and "Screw".
Sisyphus was hired to provide accompaniment for Galt McDermott's new play, "Who the Murderer Was", at the Mercury Theatre in Notting Hill Gate, serving as the pit band. Mark Hanau, an aspiring band manager at the time, saw the show and decided he wanted to manage Sisyphus. He felt that Sonja Kristina, an aspiring folk musician who he


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Question: Susan Oliver

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Susan Oliver
Susan Oliver (born Charlotte Gercke, February 13, 1932 – May 10, 1990) was an American actress, television director, and aviator.
Early life and family.
Oliver was the daughter of George Gercke, journalist, and Ruth Hale Oliver, an astrology practitioner, in New York City in 1932. Her father was a political reporter and journalist for the "New York World". Her parents divorced when she was still a child. In June 1949, Oliver joined her mother in Southern

Shaffer, directed by Martin McGee
Sep 1991: "Good Evening" by Dudley Moore and Peter Cook, directed by Ian de Stains (Curtain Raiser)
Oct 1991: "Noises Off" by Michael Frayn, directed by Ivan Woodhouse
Feb 1992: "Uncle Vanya" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Boomie Pedersen
Mar 1992: "Bit by Bit", compiled & directed by Susan Oliver (musical review)
Apr 1992: "Steel Magnolias" by Robert Harling, directed by Shelli Place
Sep


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Question: Théoden

Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor). He was the second-born of five children, and the only boy. Théoden was closest to his youngest sister, Théodwyn. He was born in Gondor, where his family lived until Thengel became king of Rohan. Théoden became king after the death of his father. Théodwyn lived with him in Edoras. He married Elfhild, but she died giving birth to their son, Théodred. After Théodwyn and her husband, Éomund

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Théodred
Théodred is a fictional character in "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien. He is the only son and heir of King Théoden of Rohan.
His mother, Elfhild, died in childbirth. Théodred grew up together with his cousin Éomer. Afterwards Théodred was slain in the First Battle of the Fords of Isen.
Little else is known about Théodred, except that he loved Éomer like a brother, and the only person he loved more than Éomer was his father, Théoden.
Théodred held


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Question: American Pharoah

his forehead and no other white markings. He is from the second crop of foals sired by the Nile, who finished second in the 2009 Kentucky Derby. The stallion's first crop included Holy Bull Stakes winner Cairo Prince, and Social Inclusion, who finished third in the 2014 Preakness Stakes. American Pharoah's dam, Littleprincessemma, was purchased by Zayat in 2007 for $250,000. She raced but did not win either of her two starts in 2008. American Pharoah was her second foal, following allowance race winner Xixixi.

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Stakes winner. Prior to Royal Delta, Empire Maker's most successful offspring was Pioneerof the Nile, who placed second in the Kentucky Derby and became the sire of Triple Crown winner American Pharoah. Royal Delta was from Empire Maker's fourth crop and started racing shortly after her sire was exported to Japan.
Royal Delta's dam was Delta Princess, a stakes winning mare by A.P. Indy. Ron Wallace, general manager of Palides, explained the difference between mother and daughter in a 2011 interview: "(Delta Princess)


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Question: Aragorn

literature History.
The son of Arathorn II and his wife Gilraen, Aragorn was born on 1 'March', . Through his ancestor Elendil (whom he closely resembled) Aragorn was a descendant of the first king of Númenor, Elros Tar-Minyatur; the twin brother of Elrond.
When Aragorn was two years old, his father was killed while pursuing orcs. Aragorn was afterwards fostered in Rivendell by Elrond. At the bidding of Elrond, his lineage was kept secret, as Elrond feared he would be killed like

2013. Her daughter Christiana now leads the group.
Commandoes.
Dominant female: Nikita Commandoes
Dominant male: Unknown
The Commandoes Mob was formed in 2004 when a group of Gattaca females teamed up with a Young Ones roving coalition. Aragorn and Zorilla established dominance after several disputes. They remained the dominant pair till 2007 when Aragorn died. After the death of Aragorn, his son Ketamine established natal dominance beside his mother. Then five Whiskers males emigrated and all natal adult males had left, Zarathustra became dominant male


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Question: Atreus

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Atreus
In Greek mythology, Atreus ( , ; from ἀ-, "no" and τρέω, "tremble", "fearless", ) was a king of Mycenae in the Peloponnese, the son of Pelops and Hippodamia, and the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus. Collectively, his descendants are known as Atreidai or Atreidae.
Atreus and his twin brother Thyestes were exiled by their father for murdering their half-brother Chrysippus in their desire for the throne of Olympia. They took refuge in Mycenae, where they ascended

himself and Aerope married Pleisthenes, by whom she became the mother of Agamemnon and Menelaus.
Mythology In Mycenae.
From Crete, Aerope was taken to Mycenae. And there she became, according to most accounts, the mother of Agamemnon and Menelaus. Their father was either Atreus or Pleisthenes, who was Atreus' son, according to some.
For Homer, Agamemnon and Menelaus were the sons of Atreus and Aerope. And although in Euripides' "Cretan Women", and the passage by Apollodorus cited above, Aerope


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Question: Catherine Linton

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Catherine Linton
Catherine Linton (also known as "Young Catherine" or Cathy Linton and later as Catherine Heathcliff then as Catherine Earnshaw) is a character in Emily Brontë's novel "Wuthering Heights". She is the daughter of Edgar Linton and Cathy Earnshaw, and, despite Heathcliff's attempts at exacting revenge on her for the indiscretions of her family, she eventually marries her true love, Hareton Earnshaw, re-establishing long-lost equilibrium in the story.
Story.
Cathy is the only child of Catherine

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of Hindley and Frances Earnshaw, and Catherine, daughter of Edgar Linton and Catherine the elder. Heathcliff forces his sickly son, Linton, who entirely resembles his mother, Isabella, into marriage with Catherine Linton, daughter of Cathy and Edgar, in a bid to gain control of "Thrushcross Grange". Shortly after the two are married in their nearly loveless match, the insipid Linton dies, hardly a surprise to either his father or his widow. Heathcliff treats Catherine with relative mercy, turning her into a cold, distant


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Question: Emmett Till

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were armed when they went to Till's great-uncle's house and abducted the boy. They took him away and beat and mutilated him before shooting him in the head and sinking his body in the Tallahatchie River. Three days later, Till's body was discovered and retrieved from the river.
Till's body was returned to Chicago where his mother insisted on a public funeral service with an open casket. "The open-coffin funeral held by Mamie Till Bradley exposed the world to more than her son Emmett Till

been a student, was renamed the "Emmett Louis Till Math And Science Academy".
- In 2006 the "Emmett Till Memorial Highway" was dedicated between Greenwood and Tutwiler, Mississippi; this was the route his body was taken to the train station, to be returned to his mother for burial in Chicago. It intersects with the H. C. "Clarence" Strider Memorial Highway.
- In 2006 the Emmett Till Memorial Commission was established by the Tallahatchie Board of Supervisors
- In 2007, the Emmett Till Memorial


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Question: Joseph Smith

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(1805–27).
Smith was born on December 23, 1805 in Sharon, Vermont to Lucy Mack Smith and her husband Joseph Sr., a merchant and farmer. Modern DNA testing of Smith's relatives suggests that his family were of Irish descent, as he carried a rare Y-DNA marker within Haplogroup R1b which is found almost entirely in people of Northwestern Irish descent.
Smith suffered a crippling bone infection when he was seven and, after receiving surgery, used crutches for three years. The family moved to

2007 - Aug 2008
- Maj Gen Amy S. Courter, CAP, Aug 2008 - Aug 2011
- Maj Gen Charles L. “Chuck” Carr Jr., CAP, Aug 2011 - Aug 2014
- Maj Gen Joseph R. Vasquez, CAP, Aug 2014 - Sep 2017
- Maj Gen Mark E. Smith, CAP, Sep 2017 - Present
References.
http://www.capmembers.com/media/static/Castlepdf.pdf
https://www.capmembers.com/media/cms/2016_Conference_Program_FINAL_Reduc_86DEEADA31A81.pdf


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Question: Neil Armstrong

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the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati until 1979. He served on the Apollo 13 accident investigation and on the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle "Challenger" disaster. He acted as a spokesman for several businesses and appeared in advertising for the automotive brand Chrysler starting in January 1979.
Early years.
Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930, near Wapakoneta, Ohio to Stephen Koenig Armstrong and Viola Louise Engel. He was of German, Scottish and Scots-Irish ancestry, and had

- 18 Jul – Lunar Exploration
- 25 Jul – Neil Armstrong
- 1 Aug – Edward Kennedy
- 8 Aug – John Wayne
- 15 Aug – The Nixon Presidency
- 22 Aug – The Mafia
- 29 Aug – Melvin Laird
- 5 Sep – New York Mets
- 12 Sep – Ho Chi Minh
- 19 Sep – Golda Meir
- 26 Sep – Drugs and the Young
- 3 Oct – Mario Procaccino
- 10 Oct – Willy Brandt
- 17 Oct –


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Question: Odysseus

Odysseus
Odysseus (; , " Ὀdysseús" ), also known by the Latin variant Ulysses (, ; ), is a legendary Greek king of Ithaca and the hero of Homer's epic poem the "Odyssey". Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's "Iliad" and other works in that same epic cycle.
Son of Laërtes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus and Acusilaus. Odysseus is renowned for his intellectual brilliance, guile, and versatility ("polytropos"), and is

between the pair. Nausicaä is also a mother figure for Odysseus; she ensures Odysseus' return home, and thus says "Never forget me, for I gave you life," indicating her status as a "new mother" in Odysseus' rebirth. Odysseus never tells Penelope about his encounter with Nausicaä, out of all the women he met on his long journey home. Some suggest this indicates a deeper level of feeling for the young woman.
Later influence.
The 2nd century BC grammarian Agallis attributed the invention


Question: Zeus

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Zeus
Zeus (; , "Zeús" ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Indra and Thor.
Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as

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May - first Combat Training Launch (CTL)
- 29 May - Program 437 declared Initial Operating Capability (IOC)
- 10 Jun - Program 437 declared Full Operating Capability (IOC)
- 20 Sep - President Lyndon Johnson reveals existence of Nike-Zeus and Program 437 anti-satellite weapons during campaign speech
- 1965
- 7 Dec - first 437AP launch
- 1966
- 18 Jan - second 437AP launch (successful)
- 12 Mar - third 437AP launch (successful)
- Late


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Question: Alexa Davalos

(2005–06) and in Frank Darabont's "Mob City" (2013). She stars as Juliana Crain, a character in the Amazon Studios series "The Man in the High Castle" (2015–present).
Early life.
Davalos, an only child, was born Alexa Davalos Dunas in France, to American parents, actress Elyssa Davalos and photographer Jeff Dunas. Her maternal grandfather was actor Richard Davalos. Davalos spent most of her childhood in France and Italy, before settling in New York. She has stated

killed by Russo after being used as bait for Castle.
- Rick Holmes as Stan Ori: A U.S. Senator who is interviewed by Karen Page on his gun control views.
- Houshang Touzie as Hamid Madani: Dinah's father who is a doctor.
NY1 anchors Pat Kiernan, Roma Torre, and Stacy-Ann Gooden cameo as themselves.
Cast and characters Guest Introduced in season 2.
- Alexa Davalos as Beth Quinn: A single mother in Ecorse, Michigan who runs Lola's Roadhouse and briefly takes an


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Question: Hermaphroditus

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Hermaphroditus
In Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus or Hermaphroditos (; ) was the son of Aphrodite and Hermes. According to Ovid, he was born a remarkably handsome boy with whom the naiad Salmacis fell in love and prayed to be united forever. A god, in answer to her prayer, merged their two forms into one and transformed them into an androgynous form. His name is compounded of his parents' names, Hermes and Aphrodite. He was one of the Erotes.
Because Hermaphroditus was a son of Hermes, and consequently

Wien
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Scarsellino, Galleria Borghese, Rome
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Jean François de Troy
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Ludovico Carracci
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Francesco Albani
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Roberto Ferri
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by Bernard Picart
- "Salmacis and Hermaphroditus" by


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Question: Loki

Loki
Loki (, , ) is a god in Norse mythology. Loki is in some sources the son of Fárbauti and Laufey, and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr. By the jötunn Angrboða, Loki is the father of Hel, the wolf Fenrir, and the world serpent Jörmungandr. By his wife Sigyn, Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari. By the stallion Svaðilfari, Loki is the mother—giving birth in the form of a mare—to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir. In addition,

Abdo Publishing)
- "Heir to Fire: Zephyr Mesa" - July 2010 - (Komikwerks/Actionopolis)
- "The Legend of Tigerfist" - July 2010 - (Komikwerks/Actionopolis)
- "Loki" - Sep 2010 (Abdo Publishing)
- "Heimdall" - Sep 2010 (Abdo Publishing)
- "Scratch9" #1 - Sep 2010 (Ape Entertainment)
- "Scratch9" #2 - Oct 2010 (Ape Entertainment)
- "Scratch9" #3 - Dec


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Question: Oedipus

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. Oedipus represents two enduring themes of Greek myth and drama: the flawed nature of humanity and an individual's role in the course of destiny in a harsh universe.
In the best known version of the myth, Oedipus was born to King Laius and Queen Jocasta. Laius wished to thwart the prophecy, so he sent a shepherd-servant to leave Oedipus to die on a mountainside. However, the shepherd took pity on the baby and passed him to another shepherd who gave Oedipus to King Polybus and Queen Merope to

in Aristotle and Greek Tragedy" "The Classical Quarterly", New Series, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Dec., 1975): 221 - 254. JSTOR. St. Louis University, St. Louis. 29 Apr. 2008.
- Golden, Leon, "Hamartia, Atë, and Oedipus", "Classical World", Vol. 72, No. 1 (Sep., 1978), pp. 3–12.
- Hugh Lloyd-Jones, "The Justice of Zeus", University of California


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Question: Andrew Van de Kamp

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Andrew Van de Kamp
Andrew Van de Kamp is a fictional character in the ABC television series "Desperate Housewives" played by Shawn Pyfrom, and is the son of one of the title characters, Bree Van de Kamp, and her first husband Rex Van de Kamp.
As one of the few LGBT characters on prime time television secure with his sexuality, Andrew's storylines have been well received by gay groups. However, his early attitude toward his mother and various crimes have also garnered criticism.
Storylines.

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to her friends Susan, Lynette and Gabrielle she does not want a baby shower, citing many reasons why it is either inappropriate or unnecessary, in order to cover up her fake-pregnancy. When Bree walks away for a second, her son Andrew goes over to them and suggests that they throw her a surprise party. Bree is shocked when she walks into the party, and speechless with fury when Phyllis Van De Kamp, her first husband Rex's dreadful mother, shows up. (Andrew indicates to Bree that this


Question:
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Arwen

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Arwen
Arwen Undómiel is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. She appears in the novel "The Lord of the Rings", usually published in three volumes. Arwen is one of the half-elven (Peredhil) who lived during the Third Age.
Literature.
Arwen was the youngest child of Elrond and Celebrían. Her elder brothers were the twins Elladan and Elrohir. Her name, "Ar-wen", means 'noble maiden'. She bore the sobriquet "Evenstar" (

Idril, Arwen was also a descendant of King Turgon of the Noldor. Through her mother, she was the granddaughter of Lady Galadriel and the great-granddaughter of Finarfin. Éomer of Rohan said that the Lady Arwen was fairer than the Lady Galadriel of Lórien, but Gimli son of Glóin thought differently. Through both of her parents, Arwen was a direct descendant of the ancient Elven House of Finwë. Furthermore, Arwen was a descendant of Beren and Lúthien Tinúviel, whose story resembled hers. Indeed, Arwen was held to


Question: Hecate

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priestess often associated with Iphigenia. She scorns and insults Artemis, who in retribution eventually brings about the mortal's suicide.
Mythology Classical period Parentage.
In the earliest written source mentioning Hekate, Hesiod emphasized that she was an only child, the daughter of Perses and Asteria, the sister of Leto (the mother of Artemis and Apollo). Grandmother of the three cousins was Phoebe the ancient Titaness who personified the moon.
In various later accounts, Hekate was described either as the daughter of (1) Deo (Demeter

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Scylla's parents were Hecate and Phorkys (so also schol. "Odyssey" 12.85).
Perhaps trying to reconcile these conflicting accounts, Apollonius of Rhodes says that Crataeis was another name for Hecate, and that she and Phorcys were the parents of Scylla. Likewise, Semos of Delos ("FGrHist" 396 F 22) says that Crataeis was the daughter of Hecate and Triton, and mother of Scylla by Deimos. Stesichorus (alone) names Lamia as the mother of Scylla, possibly the Lamia who was the daughter


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Question: Marty McFly

maturity as he often loses his temper when called a "Chicken". Over the years, Marty learns how to make his decisions on his own terms instead of being influenced by others, thereby changing his future for the better.
Family.
Marty McFly is the youngest of three children of George McFly and Lorraine Baines-McFly. He has a brother, Dave McFly, and a sister, Linda McFly. In addition, he has an uncle, Joey, who is serving a prison sentence in 1985 and is

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McFly (disambiguation)
McFly can refer to:
- McFly, an English pop rock band
- McFly family, a fictional family in "Back to the Future" (film series):
- Marty McFly, one of the series' protagonists
- George McFly, Marty's father
- Lorraine McFly, Marty's mother


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Question: Puyi

of Chinese painting.
- Maternal side
Puyi's mother was Youlan (1884–1921), the daughter of Ronglu (1836–1903), a statesman and general from the Gūwalgiya clan. Ronglu was one of the leaders of the conservative faction in the Qing court, and a staunch supporter of Empress Dowager Cixi; Cixi rewarded his support by marrying his daughter, Puyi's mother, into the imperial family.
The Gūwalgiya clan was regarded as one of the most powerful Manchu clans in the Qing dynasty. Oboi, an influential

1913, Puyi honoured Lady Hešeri with the title "Dowager Imperial Noble Consort Jingyi".
Lady Hešeri was known for her assertive character and fiery temperament, and she did not get along well with the Guangxu Emperor's empress consort, Empress Dowager Longyu. After Empress Dowager Longyu's death, she raised Puyi, who was still a child then, and attempted to take the position of Empress Dowager on the grounds that she was now Puyi's legal mother. However, she was denied permission by Yuan Shikai. After Puyi


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Question: Samuel

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He is also treated in the fifth through seventh books of Josephus's "Antiquities of the Jews", written in the first century CE (AD).
He is first called the Seer in 1 Samuel 9:9.
Biblical account.
Biblical account Family.
Samuel's mother was Hannah and his father was Elkanah. Elkanah lived at Ramathaim in the district of Zuph. His genealogy is also found in a pedigree of the Kohathites (1 Chronicles 6:3-15) and in that of Heman the Ezrahite, apparently his

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Harlow
- 26 Aug – Hugo L. Black
- 2 Sep – Donald Budge
- 9 Sep – Clyde L. Herring
- 16 Sep – Alexis Carrel
- 23 Sep – Sir Samuel Hoare
- 30 Sep – Cardinal Hayes
- 7 Oct – Mickey Cochrane
- 14 Oct – Herbert C. Hoover
- 21 Oct – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir
- 28 Oct – Bruno Mussolini, Benito Mussolini & Vittorio Mussolini
- 4 Nov – James A. Macauley
- 11 Nov – Football Spectators


Question:
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E.g.
"['Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph', 'I Could Fall in Love']" == "['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'I Could Fall in Love\n"I Could Fall in Love" is a song recorded by American Tejano singer Selena for her fifth studio album, "Dreaming of You" (1995), released posthumously by EMI Latin on 26 June 1995. "I Could Fall in Love" and "Tú Sólo Tú" were the album\'s lead promotional recordings, showcasing her musical transition from Spanish- to English-language songs. The lyrics explore feelings of heartbreak and despair and express the singer\'s fear of rejection by a man she']" != "['Represent the text to find the scientific term it describes', "in December 2015. Make That Money Girl and Sundown were recorded in January 2016. I Can't Fall In Love Without You and Only You were both recorded in February 2016. Zara and Ed Sheeran recorded Don't Let Me Be Yours in March 2016. At this point, Zara thought the album was done, but her label refused to release the album in May 2016. By May 2016, Zara scrapped the album and started recording a new one. She was finishing it up in January 2017, her record label made"]"

Question: Telemachus

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Telemachus
Telemachus ( ; Ancient Greek: Τηλέμαχος "Tēlemakhos", literally "far-fighter") is a figure in Greek mythology, the son of Odysseus and Penelope, and a central character in Homer's "Odyssey". The first four books of the "Odyssey" focus on Telemachus's journeys in search of news about his father, who has yet to return home from the Trojan War, and are traditionally given the title the "Telemachy".
Etymology.
Telemachus's name in Greek means "

the island of Ogygia, Athena, assuming the appearance of Mentes, king of the Taphians, went to Ithaca, and advised Telemachus to eject the troublesome suitors of his mother from his house, and to go to Pylos and Sparta, to gather information concerning his father. Telemachus followed the advice, but the suitors refused to quit his house; and Athena, in the form of Mentes, accompanied Telemachus to Pylos. There they were hospitably received by Nestor, who also sent his own son to conduct Telemachus to Sparta.


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Question: Beyoncé

inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S. In December 2016, Beyoncé was

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- Jan 31: 106 & Park (U.S.) – guests
- Apr 21: Encontro com Fátima Bernardes (Brazil) – guests
- Aug 24: MTV Video Music Awards (U.S.) – performed with Beyoncé
- Sep 3: So You Think You Can Dance Season 11 finale show (U.S.) – guest performers
- Nov 26: HP Pavilion x360 "Bend the Rules" Commercial (U.S.)
2015
- Feb 11: The Queen Latifah Show (U.S.) – guests
- Jun 10


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Question: Elrond

was found as an infant abandoned in a cave. Later notes, reflected in "The Silmarillion" and "The War of the Jewels", interpret the name instead as "Star-dome" or "Vault of Stars" (a vault in the sense of the celestial dome).
Elrond was the son of Eärendil and Elwing, and a great-grandson of Lúthien, born in Beleriand in the First Age, making him well over 6,000 years old by the time of the events described in "The Lord

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- "Cymbeline" – Cymbeline
- "Run All Night" – Shawn Maguire
- "Mother!" – man
- "Geostorm" – U.S. Secretary of State Leonard Dekkom
- "Kodachrome" – Benjamin Asher Ryder
- Hugo Weaving
- "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy – Elrond
- "V for Vendetta" – V
- "" – Elrond
- "" – Elrond
- Jeff Bridges
- "Seventh Son" – John Gregory
- "


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Question: Hades

Hades
Hades (; "Hádēs"; Ἅιδης "Háidēs"), in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became synonymous. Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father. He and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the sky, and Poseidon the

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"
- "May." Inu-Neko *R18
- "Jun." Gravitation
- "Jun." Death Note
- "Sep." (""Os Cavaleiros do Zodiaco - The Lost Canvas: A Saga de Hades"" in Brazil)
- "Sep." Socrates in Love
- 2008
- "Jan." Hunter × Hunter
- "May." Revolutionary Girl Utena
- "Jun." Please Twins! (""Onegai Twins"" in Brazil and the Japanese versions)


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Question: Paul Robeson

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of his life privately in Philadelphia.
Early life.
Early life 1898–1915: Childhood.
Paul Leroy Robeson was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1898, to Reverend William Drew Robeson and Maria Louisa Bustill. His mother, Maria was from a prominent Quaker family of mixed ancestry. His father, William, was of Igbo origin and was born into slavery, William escaped from a plantation in his teens and eventually became the minister of Princeton's Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in 1881. Robeson had three brothers: William

Mother Zion, and several black and white churches were set ablaze. The July 12, 1834 "New York Evening Post" newspaper denounced the attacks as a "disgrace".
Mother Zion also became an important cultural center for the city's African-American community. Paul Robeson, brother of Pastor Dr. Benjamin C. Robeson, spoke from the pulpit. Dr. Robeson's activism for civil rights led him to work with prominent Harlem Renaissance members such as Langston Hughes and W. E. B. Du Bois. From the 1920s into the


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Question: Solomon

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framework. According to the most widely used chronology, based on that by Old Testament professor Edwin R. Thiele, the death of Solomon and the division of his kingdom would have occurred in the spring of 931 BCE.
Biblical account Childhood.
Solomon was born in Jerusalem, the second born child of David and his wife Bathsheba, widow of Uriah the Hittite. The first child (unnamed in that account), a son conceived adulterously during Uriah's lifetime, had died as a punishment on account of the death of

E. Howard, Nov. 1969.
- "The Pathless Trail"*, by Arthur O. Friel, Nov. 1969.
- "The Hand of Kane"* (Solomon Kane Vol. 2), by Robert E. Howard, Oct. 1970.
- "The Treasure of Atlantis"*, by J. Allan Dunn, Oct 1970, hardcover Sep. 1971.
- "Solomon Kane"* (Solomon Kane Vol. 3), by Robert E. Howard, Feb. Feb. 1971.
- "Tiger River"


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Question: Iphigenia

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Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (; , "Iphigéneia") was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.
In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War. She retaliates by preventing the Greek troops from reaching Troy unless Agamemnon kills Iphigenia at Aulis as a human sacrifice. In some versions, Iphigenia dies at Aulis, but in others, Artemis rescues her. In the version where she is saved, she goes to the Taurians and

father Agamemnon attempted to offer her as a sacrifice. Iphigenia and her priestesses beg the gods to protect them from the storm ("Grands dieux! soyez nous secourables").
Although the storm dies down, Iphigenia remains troubled by a dream she has had, in which she envisioned her mother Clytaemnestra murdering her father, then her brother Orestes killing her mother, and finally her own hand stabbing her brother. She prays to Diana to reunite her with Orestes ("Ô toi qui prolongeas mes jours"). Thoas


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Question: Galadriel

Tolkien describes Galadriel as "the mightiest and fairest of all the Elves that remained in Middle-earth" (after the death of Gil-galad) and the "greatest of elven women".
Literature.
Literature Internal biography.
Stories of Galadriel's life prior to "The Lord of the Rings" appear in both "The Silmarillion" and "Unfinished Tales". Galadriel was the only daughter and youngest child of Finarfin, prince of the Noldor, and of Eärwen, who was cousin to Lúthien. Her

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and tracking.
- Celeborn husband of Galadriel, Lord of Lothlórien in the Second and Third Ages.
- Celebrían daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn, wife of Elrond, mother of Elladan, Elrohir and Arwen.
- Celebrimbor maker of the Rings of Power, Lord of Eregion in the Second Age.
- Círdan Lord of the Grey Havens and one of the oldest Elves in Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age.
- Elrond great grandson of Lúthien, Lord of Imladris through the Third Age


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Question: Hermes

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Hermes
Hermes (; ) is the god of trade, heraldry, merchants, commerce, roads, thieves, trickery, sports, travelers, and athletes in Ancient Greek religion and mythology; the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia, he was the second youngest of the Olympian gods (Dionysus being the youngest).
Hermes was the emissary and messenger of the gods. Hermes was also "the divine trickster" and "the god of boundaries and the transgression of boundaries, ... the patron of herdsmen, thieves,

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and continues to remain in the space.
References.
- Noon, Chris. "Billionaire Burkle Buys U.K. Crown Jeweller" "Forbes", 21 March 2006, retrieved 21 November 2006.
Further reading.
- http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/pri/asprey.html
- https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/feb/21/baftas-jewellers
- https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/sep/27/hermes-asprey-bond-street-shop
- http://www.fosterandpartners.com/Projects/1151/Default.aspx
- https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/style/25iht-fasp_ed3_.html
- Asprey Press Releases
- Asprey News & Events
- https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1341164/Asprey-and-Garrard-go-separate-ways.html


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Question: Al the Octopus

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the ice at Red Wings games ever since. The tradition died down somewhat in the 1970s and 1980s during the Red Wings dismal seasons, but when the Red Wings became contenders again in the 1990s, the tradition resumed.
Eventually, a drawn purple octopus mascot was created, and in the 1995 playoffs a large Octopus prop was unveiled. The Octopus was eventually named "Al" (after former Joe Louis Arena building operations manager and current Little Caesars Arena building operations manager Al Sobotka), and every playoff year since,

chugs off the ice after cleaning them up. In this year's playoff innovation, some Oilers fans threw hunks of prime Alberta beef onto the ice in response.
Sobotka said in 1996 that an unofficial record of 54 octopuses were thrown during one game of the 1995 Stanley Cup final series between Detroit Red Wings and New Jersey Devils. He also stated that Detroit fans throw an average of 25 octopuses per playoff game. For his tireless efforts, the Red Wings named their octopus mascot "Al" after Sobotka.
According


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Question: Angel Falls

Jimmie Angel, a US aviator, who was the first person to fly over the falls. Angel's ashes were scattered over the falls on 2 July 1960.
The common Spanish name "Salto Ángel" derives from his surname. In 2009, President Hugo Chávez announced his intention to change the name to the purported original indigenous Pemon term (""Kerepakupai Vená"", meaning "waterfall of the deepest place"), on the grounds that the nation's most famous landmark should bear an indigenous name. Explaining

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State. The height figure, , mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about of sloped cascade and rapids below the drop and a high plunge downstream of the talus rapids.
The falls are along a fork of the Rio Kerepacupai Meru which flows into the Churun River, a tributary of the Carrao River, itself a tributary of the Orinoco River.
History of Angel Falls.
History of Angel Falls Etymology.
The waterfall has been known as the Angel Falls since the mid-20th century; they are named after


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Question: Avogadro constant

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determined experimentally for each substance.
History.
History Origin of the concept.
The Avogadro constant is named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who, in 1811, first proposed that the volume of a gas (at a given pressure and temperature) is proportional to the number of atoms or molecules regardless of the nature of the gas.
The name "Avogadro's number" was coined in 1909 by the physicist Jean Perrin, who defined it as the number of molecules in exactly 32 grams of oxygen. The

Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant ( or ) is a physical constant named after its discoverer, Ludwig Boltzmann, which relates the average relative kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas and occurs in Planck's law of black-body radiation and in Boltzmann's entropy formula.
It is the gas constant divided by the Avogadro constant :
The Boltzmann constant has the dimension energy divided by temperature, the same as entropy.
Before 2019, its value in SI units was a measured quantity.


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Question: Belarus

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pagan Balts.
An alternate explanation for the name comments on the white clothing worn by the local Slavic population. A third theory suggests that the old Rus' lands that were not conquered by the Tatars (i.e., Polotsk, Vitebsk and Mogilev) had been referred to as "White Rus'".
The name "Rus" is often conflated with its Latin forms "Russia" and "Ruthenia", thus Belarus is often referred to as "White Russia" or "White Ruthenia". The name first

Union Shield – 2011
Union Shield – 2011 () is a joint Russian-Belarusian military exercise, which took place from Sep 16 until Sep 22, 2011.
Background.
Russian Defence Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov officially announced that the joint military exercise "Union Shield" is to take place in September 2011 after the meeting with his counterparts - Mykhailo Yezhel (the Ukrainian Defence Minister) and Yuri Zhadobin (the Defence Minister of the Republic of Belarus), which was held in Minsk, April, 2011.
Exercise


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Question: Bering Sea

and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.
The Bering Sea

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Seward Peninsula
The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It projects about into the Bering Sea between Norton Sound, the Bering Strait, the Chukchi Sea, and Kotzebue Sound, just below the Arctic Circle. The entire peninsula is about long and - wide. Like Seward, Alaska, it was named after William H. Seward, the United States Secretary of State who fought for the U.S. purchase of Alaska.
The Seward Peninsula is a remnant of the Bering land bridge


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Question: Bihar

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and Pali word "vihāra" (Devanagari: विहार), meaning "abode". The region roughly encompassing the present state was dotted with Buddhist viharas, the abodes of Buddhist monks in the ancient and medieval periods. Medieval writer Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani records in the "Tabaqat-i Nasiri" that in 1198 Bakhtiyar Khalji committed a massacre in a town identified with the word, later known as Bihar Sharif, about 70 km away from Bodh Gaya.
History.
History Ancient period.
Chirand, on

the Centre's in- principle approval to the project within a month.
- On 3 July 2018, Bihar chief secretary Deepak Kumar approved the proposed Patna Metro Rail’s revised detailed project report for putting it up before the state cabinet, with revised estimated cost of the project at 19,500 crore, including land acquisition cost.
- On 20 Sep 2018, RITES has submitted the revised Detailed Project Report (DPR) to the Urban Development and Housing department.
- On 25 Sep 2018, The Bihar cabinet has approved the


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Question: Bogardus social distance scale

Bogardus social distance scale
The Bogardus social distance scale is a psychological testing scale created by Emory S. Bogardus to empirically measure people's willingness to participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups, such as racial and ethnic groups.
The scale asks people the extent to which they would be accepting of each group (a score of 1.00 for a group is taken to indicate no social distance):
- As close relatives by marriage ("i.e.", as the legal spouse of

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of social distance focuses on affectivity. According to this approach, social distance is associated with affective distance, i.e. how much sympathy the members of a group feel for another group. Emory Bogardus, the creator of "Bogardus social distance scale" was typically basing his scale on this subjective-affective conception of social distance: "[i]n social distance studies the center of attention is on the feeling reactions of persons toward other persons and toward groups of people."
2. Normative social distance: A second approach views social


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Question: Brodmann area

Brodmann area
A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells.
History.
Brodmann areas were originally defined and numbered by the German anatomist Korbinian Brodmann based on the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons he observed in the cerebral cortex using the Nissl method of cell staining. Brodmann published his maps of cortical areas in humans, monkeys, and other species in 1909, along with many other findings and observations regarding the

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frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09).
The dorsal region of the anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the Stroop task.
Guenon.
In the guenon, Brodmann area 32 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. This area was named 25 in Brodmann-1905 and labeled 25 in a figure contributed by Brodmann in Mauss-1908. In Brodmann-1909


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Cabernet Sauvignon

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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles,

unknown x Resistenzpartner crossing) grown in British Columbia and Nova Scotia, Canada
- Epicure (a Cabernet Sauvignon x Resistenzpartner crossing) grown in British Columbia, Canada named after Victorian Epicure a company in Victoria BC that lent much support in the development of the Blattner crosses in Canada
- Cabernet Foch (Cabernet Sauvignon x Foch crossing) grown in British Columbia and Nova Scotia, Canada
- Amiel (Cabernet Sauvignon x Resistenzpartner crossing) grown in British Columbia, Canada. Early ripening white grape ripening about the same time as


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Question: Cape Horn

Cape Horn
Cape Horn (, ) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America (which are the Diego Ramírez Islands), Cape Horn marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage and marks where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans meet.
Cape Horn was discovered and first rounded in 1616 by the Dutchman Willem Schouten, who named it after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands. For decades,

after an arduous winter passage. He named one of the islands in the Strait after Louis XIV of France, and a bay after Louis, "le Grand Dauphin". After a trading cruise along the coast of Chile and Peru, taking in a visit to the Galapagos Islands, he returned via Cape Horn, passing the Cape on 9 January 1701. Ten days later, he discovered the island that was named for him, Beauchene Island. He was the first Frenchman to sail Cape Horn from west to east.


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Question: Cartesian product

If the Cartesian product is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form .
More generally, a Cartesian product of "n" sets, also known as an "n"-fold Cartesian product, can be represented by an array of "n" dimensions, where each element is an "n"-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple.
The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product

Clifford torus
In geometric topology, the Clifford torus is the simplest and most symmetric Euclidean space embedding of the cartesian product of two circles "S" and "S". It is named after William Kingdon Clifford. It resides in R, as opposed to in R. To see why R is necessary, note that if "S" and "S" each exist in their own independent embedding spaces R and R, the resulting product space will be R rather than R. The historically popular view that the cartesian product of


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Question: Castle Clinton

action in any war.
By 1815, West Battery was renamed Castle Clinton, its current official name, in honor of New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton (who eventually became Governor of New York). The castle itself was converted to administrative headquarters for the Army. Simultaneously, at the end of the war, there was a public movement to build a park in the Battery area. A 1816 proposal to construct two small office buildings at Castle Clinton was canceled due to public opposition, and the castle lay dormant for

a prosperous settlement, located to the south of the river "T.y.s.y.a", or Tisza. Historian István Petrovics associates T.n.y.s.b.r with Temesvár, suggesting that Idrisi mislocated it because he had no direct information of the town. Timișoara was named after a fortress: the Hungarian name of the town, Temesvár, refers to a castle "(vár)" on the river Timiș (Temes). The fortress was first mentioned in the "Register of Arad" around 1177. The document mentioned two villages, "Sep" and "


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Question: Cavendish experiment

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Cavendish experiment
The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant. Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish's work. Instead, the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the Earth, or equivalently the mass of the Earth. His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants.

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atom" but, in 1920, he more accurately named the proton.
Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in 1919. Under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 and in the same year the first experiment to split the nucleus in a fully controlled manner was performed by students working under his direction, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton. After his death in 1937, he was honoured by being interred with the greatest scientists of the United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's


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Question: Cleveland

the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, the Cleveland Botanical Garden, and the Greater Cleveland Aquarium.
History.
History Establishment.
Cleveland was established on July 22, 1796 by surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company when they laid out Connecticut's Western Reserve into townships and a capital city. They named the new settlement "Cleaveland" after their leader, General Moses Cleaveland. Cleaveland oversaw the New England-style design of the plan for what would become the modern downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home,

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- Week 3 – Sep 19 L 19–16 vs Cleveland Browns
The Raiders dominated the Browns early and led 13–0. Defensive tackle Chester McGlockton intercepted a Bernie Kosar pass which set up one of the Raiders two field goals. After that the Browns defense pressured Hostetler by sacking him six times and holding him to just 94 yards passing. The Raiders gained one first down in the second half and committed eight penalties. Browns running back Eric Metcalf scored the game-winning touchdown with just seconds remaining.
- Week 4 –


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Question: Crookes tube

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Crookes tube
A Crookes tube (also Crookes–Hittorf tube) is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by English physicist William Crookes and others around 1869-1875, in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered.
Developed from the earlier Geissler tube, the Crookes tube consists of a partially evacuated glass bulb of various shapes, with two metal electrodes, the cathode and the anode, one at either end. When a high voltage is applied between the electrodes, cathode rays

(electrons) are projected in straight lines from the cathode. It was used by Crookes, Johann Hittorf, Julius Plücker, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Kristian Birkeland and others to discover the properties of cathode rays, culminating in J.J. Thomson's 1897 identification of cathode rays as negatively charged particles, which were later named "electrons". Crookes tubes are now used only for demonstrating cathode rays.
Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays using the Crookes tube in 1895. The term "Crookes tube" is


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Question: Dahlgren gun

Dahlgren gun
Dahlgren guns were muzzle-loading naval artillery designed by Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren USN (November 13, 1809 – July 12, 1870), mostly used in the period of the American Civil War. Dahlgren's design philosophy evolved from an accidental explosion in 1849 of a 32-pounder being tested for accuracy, killing a gunner. He believed a safer, more powerful naval cannon could be designed using more scientific design criteria. Dahlgren guns were designed with a smooth curved shape, equalizing strain and concentrating more weight of

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and fourteen Dahlgren guns. The 10-inch Dahlgren weighed and could fire a shell up to a range of at +19° elevation. The nine-inch gun weighed and could fire a shell to a range of at an elevation of +15°. The eight-inch Dahlgren had a range of at an elevation of +10° with a shell. It weighed .
Description Steam frigate service.
"Roanoke", named after the Roanoke River, was laid down at the Norfolk Navy Yard in May 1854 and launched on 13 December


Question: Einstein field equations

Einstein field equations
The Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) comprise the set of 10 equations in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity that describe the fundamental interaction of gravitation as a result of spacetime being curved by mass and energy. First published by Einstein in 1915 as a tensor equation, the EFE relate local "" (expressed by the Einstein tensor) with the local energy and momentum within that spacetime (expressed by the stress–energy tensor).
Similar to the way that

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inertially).
To deal with this difficulty, Einstein proposed that spacetime is curved by matter, and that free-falling objects are moving along locally straight paths in curved spacetime. (This type of path is called a geodesic.) More specifically, Einstein and Hilbert discovered the field equations of general relativity, which relate the presence of matter and the curvature of spacetime and are named after Einstein. The Einstein field equations are a set of 10 simultaneous, non-linear, differential equations. The solutions of the field


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Question: Einsteinium

Einsteinium
Einsteinium is a synthetic element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. As a member of the actinide series, it is the seventh transuranic element.
Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein. Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days) is produced artificially from decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year. The reactor synthesis

life of 51 days; nevertheless, the shorter-lived Md (half-life 1.17 hours) is most commonly used in chemistry because it can be produced on a larger scale.
Mendelevium was discovered by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles in 1955, the same method still used to produce it today. It was named after Dmitri Mendeleev, father of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Using available microgram quantities of the isotope einsteinium-253, over a million mendelevium atoms may be produced each hour. The chemistry of


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Question: First Canadian Place

First Canadian Place
First Canadian Place (originally First Bank Building) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At , it is Canada's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top (spires) and 9th highest to the roof top, and the 105th tallest in the world. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the

Legacy.
A number of streets in Edinburgh were named after him in the area which he represented on the Council:
- Stevenson Road (10 Sep 1926)
- Stevenson Avenue (5 May 1927)
- Stevenson Drive (21 Oct 1927)
- Stevenson Terrace (18 Oct 1934)
- Stevenson Grove (29 Apr 1937)
Political Relatives.
- John Keith McBroom Laird (1907-1985) Canadian Senator - 1st cousin, twice removed
- James Stevenson, 1st Baron Stevenson (


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Question: Flynn effect

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development which appears to have started in the 1990s.
Origin of term.
The Flynn effect is named for James R. Flynn, who did much to document it and promote awareness of its implications. The term itself was coined by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, authors of "The Bell Curve". Although the general term for the phenomenon—referring to no researcher in particular—continues to be "secular rise in IQ scores", many textbooks on psychology and IQ testing have now followed the lead of Herrnstein and

However, a brief item in the April 7, 1893 edition of the Little Falls Transcript states, "The name of Flynn station, on the L.F.& D., has been changed to Flensburg, to take effect on April 1, 1893." No further explanation was given.
One theory is that Flensburg may have been named after the German town of Flensburg, a seaport in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. However, many land owner surnames were Polish in the 1892 Culdrum Township Plat Book of the Flensburg


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Question: Fourier analysis

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Fourier analysis
In mathematics, Fourier analysis () is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions. Fourier analysis grew from the study of Fourier series, and is named after Joseph Fourier, who showed that representing a function as a sum of trigonometric functions greatly simplifies the study of heat transfer.
Today, the subject of Fourier analysis encompasses a vast spectrum of mathematics. In the sciences and engineering, the process of decomposing a function into oscillatory components is often called

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, Susan. "Jet Propulsion Laboratory: California Institute of Technology". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Sep 2007 .
- Weaver, H. Joseph. Theory of Discrete and Continuous Fourier Analysis. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1989.
- Williams, Charles Sumner and Orville A. Becklund. Introduction to the Optical Transfer Function. New York: Wiley, 1989.
- Yang, Xiangyang, and Yu, Francis, T. S. Introduction to Optical Engineering. New York: Cambridge University Press,


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Question: Francium

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by its short half-life would immediately vaporize any viewable quantity of the element.
Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element first discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis. Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts found in uranium and thorium ores, where the isotope francium-223 continually forms and decays. As little as 20–30 g (one ounce) exists at any given time throughout the Earth's crust

studying its radiation very quickly; she detected a small amount of alpha radiation, a type of radiation that involves the loss of protons and therefore changes an atom's identity. Loss of an alpha particle (consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) would turn actinium (element 89, with 89 protons) into the theorized but never-before-seen element 87. Perey named the element francium, after her home country, and it joined the other alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table of elements.
Perey


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Question: G-spot

G-spot
The G-spot, also called the Gräfenberg spot (for German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg), is characterized as an erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potential female ejaculation. It is typically reported to be located up the front (anterior) vaginal wall between the vaginal opening and the urethra and is a sensitive area that may be part of the female prostate.
The existence of the G-spot has not been proven, nor

FIBA Africa Championship for Women in Bamako, Mali. It finished with a 7–1 record with Small forward Nacissela Maurício being named the tournament's MVP. Moreover, Power forward Sónia Guadalupe was named to the All-Tournament team. With this win, Angola secured a spot at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Team.
Team Current roster.
Roster for the 2017 Women's Afrobasket.
section end=roster /
Team Head coach position.
- Aníbal Moreira – Sep 2009–Oct 2014
- Jaime Covilhã – Jun 2015–Aug 2017


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Question: GNU GRUB

GNU GRUB
GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular operating system's partitions.
GNU GRUB was developed from a package called the "Grand Unified Bootloader" (a play on Grand Unified Theory). It

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architectures and can be used to create a bootable USB drive (Live USB).
The default bootstrap loader is GNU GRUB version 2, though the package name is simply grub, while version 1 was renamed to grub-legacy. This conflicts with e.g. Fedora, where grub version 2 is named grub2.
The default desktop may be chosen from the DVD boot menu among GNOME, KDE Plasma, Xfce and LXDE, and from special disc 1 CDs.
Installation Live images.
Debian releases live install images for CDs


Question: Goldschmidt classification

Goldschmidt classification
The Goldschmidt classification,
developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888-1947), is a geochemical classification which groups the chemical elements within the Earth according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (ore-loving or chalcogen-loving), and atmophile (gas-loving) or volatile (the element, or a compound in which it occurs, is liquid or gaseous at ambient surface conditions).
Some elements have affinities to more

40 Harmonia
Harmonia (; minor planet designation: 40 Harmonia) is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by German-French astronomer Hermann Goldschmidt on March 31, 1856, and named after Harmonia, the Greek goddess of harmony. The name was chosen to mark the end of the Crimean War.
The spectrum of 40 Harmonia matches an S-type in the Tholen classification system, and is similar to primitive achondrite meteorites.
Photometric observations at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during


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Question: Graham's law

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Graham's law
Graham's law of effusion (also called Graham's law of diffusion) was formulated by Scottish physical chemist Thomas Graham in 1848. Graham found experimentally that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles. This formula can be written as:
where:
Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight. Thus, if the molecular weight of one

of its father's crimes, so she and Billy separate. She leaves the Square, returning for Graham's trial. She tells Billy she named her son Frederick William (Freddie for short), wanting to name him after good men. She and Billy reconcile after Graham's conviction, but Billy struggles to bond with Freddie as he always sees Graham when he looks at Freddie.
Little Mo and Freddie move back in with her family. She and brother-in-law Alfie Moon (Shane Richie) become much


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Question: Gregorian telescope

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Gregorian telescope
The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. James Gregory was a contemporary of Isaac Newton, both often worked simultaneously on similar projects. Gregory's design was published in 1663 and pre-dates the first practical reflecting telescope, the Newtonian telescope, built by Sir Isaac Newton in 1668. However, Gregory's design was only a theoretical description and he never actually constructed the telescope. It was

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is 7 x 7 years in length. All these time units share the number of seven or weekly cycle. Every unit is named after its first day, which is also the last day of yearly and 50-day cycles.
The first 50 days of the Somali Calendar Year of 2007-2008, in the Gregorian system, are from Saturday July 21, 2007, to Saturday Sep. 8, 2007. The same pattern applies to the first and the last days of the year, "while the first day of the year


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Question: Hafnium

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Hafnium
Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, by Coster and Hevesy, making it the last stable element to be discovered. Hafnium is named after "Hafnia", the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered.
Hafnium is used in filaments and electrodes. Some

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the name Prins reaction. The first was the addition of polyhalogen compounds to olefins, was found during Prins doctoral research, while the others, the acid-catalyzed addition of aldehydes to olefinic compounds, became of industrial relevance.
Discoveries Chemistry Hafnium (1923).
Dutch physicist Dirk Coster and Hungarian-Swedish chemist George de Hevesy co-discovered "Hafnium" (Hf) in 1923, by means of X-ray spectroscopic analysis of zirconium ore. "Hafnium' is named after "Hafnia', the Latin name for


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Question: Hammond organ

Hammond organ
The Hammond organ is an electric organ, invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert and first manufactured in 1935. Various models have been produced, most of which use sliding drawbars to specify a variety of sounds. Until 1975, Hammond organs generated sound by creating an electric current from rotating a metal tonewheel near an electromagnetic pickup, and then strengthening the signal with an amplifier so it can drive a speaker cabinet. The organ is commonly used with, and associated with, the Leslie speaker.
Around two

. Named after its inventor, Donald Leslie, it is particularly associated with the Hammond organ but is used with a variety of instruments as well as vocals. The Hammond/Leslie combination has become an element in many genres of music. The Leslie Speaker and the Hammond Organ brands are currently owned by Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation. The stompbox that simulates this effect is the Uni-Vibe pedal.
The Korg Kaoss Pad is a small touchpad MIDI controller, sampler, and effects processor for audio and musical instruments, made by


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Question: Hofmann voltameter

Hofmann voltameter
A Hofmann voltameter is an apparatus for electrolysing water, invented by August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892) in 1866. It consists of three joined upright cylinders, usually glass. The inner cylinder is open at the top to allow addition of water and an ionic compound to improve conductivity, such as a small amount of sulfuric acid. A platinum electrode is placed inside the bottom of each of the two side cylinders, connected to the positive and negative terminals of a source of electricity. When current is run through

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% by mass in the solution.
Techniques Hofmann voltameter.
The Hofmann voltameter is often used as a small-scale electrolytic cell. It consists of three joined upright cylinders. The inner cylinder is open at the top to allow the addition of water and the electrolyte. A platinum electrode is placed at the bottom of each of the two side cylinders, connected to the positive and negative terminals of a source of electricity. When current is run through the Hofmann voltameter, gaseous oxygen forms at the anode (positive) and


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Question: Hubble sequence

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Hubble sequence
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often known colloquially as the Hubble tuning fork diagram because of the shape in which it is traditionally represented. In June 2019, however, citizen scientists through Galaxy Zoo reported that the usual Hubble classification, particularly concerning spiral galaxies, may not be supported, and may need updating.
Hubble's scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally

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Hubble's law and the discovery of the expanding Universe were his greatest achievements. His classification scheme for galaxies, the Hubble sequence, is still the standard and often called the "Hubble tuning-fork". Hubble also discovered the minor planet 1373 Cincinnati, his only asteroid discovery. The lunar crater "Hubble" is also named after him. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1983 ().
External links.
- Lightcurve plot of 2069 Hubble, Palmer Divide Observatory


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Question: Human Rights Day

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Human Rights Day
Human Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on 10 December every year.
The date was chosen to honour the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the first global enunciation of human rights and one of the first major achievements of the new United Nations. The formal establishment of Human Rights Day occurred at the 317th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on 4 December 1950, when the General Assembly declared resolution

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.
21. "Regional" Peace Jirga" and confidence-building in Afghan- Pakistan relations", Tehran: E'temad daily, Aug 2007.
22. "Realism Theory in International Relations", Strategic Research Quarterly, Kabul: Ministry of foreign affairs, 2007.
23. "United State’s strategy in Afghanistan after sep. 11", Tehran: Ettelaa't daily, 2007
24. "Cultural challenges and internalizing of human rights in Afghanistan". 2007.
25. "United State’s foreign policy


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Question: Indigo

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Indigo
Indigo is a deep and rich color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine. It is traditionally regarded as a color in the visible spectrum, as well as one of the seven colors of the rainbow: the color between violet and blue; however, sources differ as to its actual position in the electromagnetic spectrum.
The color indigo is named after the indigo dye derived from the plant "Indigofera tinctoria" and related

Festival 2017, Michigan, USA, February 2017
9 - 17th Woodstock Museum International Film Festival, Woodstock, NY, USA, Sep 2016
8 - 15th Broadway International Film Festival, LA, USA., Aug 2016
7 - Feel the Reel International Film Festival, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Sep 2016
6 - 17th Woodstock Museum International Film Festival, in Woodstock, NY, USA, Sep 2016
5 - IndieWise Virtual International Film Festival, Miami, Florida, USA, Sept 2016
4 - Indigo


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Question: International Holocaust Remembrance Day

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International Holocaust Remembrance Day
International Holocaust Remembrance Day is an international memorial day on 27 January commemorating the tragedy of the Holocaust that occurred during the Second World War. It commemorates the genocide that resulted in the deaths of 6 million Jews and 11 million others, by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. It was designated by the United Nations General Assembly resolution 60/7 on 1 November 2005 during the 42nd plenary session. The resolution came after a special session was held earlier that year on 24 January 2005 during which the United Nations General

University. It depicted both superheroes and Hitler. The university apologized.
- In 2011, during a sports day parade, students of a Catholic school in Thailand dressed and marched in SS uniforms. The school later apologized after international outrage.
- BNK48's member Pichayapa Natha, or Namsai, wearing a Nazi-themed shirt replete with swastikas on stage during a televised performance on 25 January 2019, two days before the International Holocaust Remembrance Day, drew criticism.
See also.
- Nazi chic


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Question: Ivory Coast

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Vert, and Lower Guinea. There was also a Pepper Coast, also known as the "Grain Coast", a "Gold Coast", and a "Slave Coast". Like those, the name "Ivory Coast" reflected the major trade that occurred on that particular stretch of the coast: the export of ivory.
Other names included the "Côte de Dents", literally "Coast of Teeth", again reflecting the trade in ivory; the "Côte de Quaqua", after the people whom the

flying Westland Lysander aircraft flew support missions for the British Indian Army between May and Sep 1942.
The airfield was abandoned after the war and lay unused until the 1980s, when it was transferred to the Indian Navy who rehabilitated and commissioned the airfield as "INS Rajali".INS Rajali was commissioned on 11 March 1992. The commissioning commanding officer was Captain RS Vasan, who subsequently retired in the rank of commodore while on deputation to the Coast Guard as the Regional
Commander of Coast Guard Region East. Rajali, named after


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Question: JPEG

most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web. These format variations are often not distinguished, and are simply called JPEG.
The term "JPEG" is an initialism/acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which created the standard. The MIME media type for JPEG is "image/jpeg", except in older Internet Explorer versions, which provides a MIME type of "image/pjpeg" when uploading JPEG images. JPEG files usually have a filename extension of .jpg or .jpeg.

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Kakadu (software)
Kakadu is a closed-source library to encode and decode JPEG 2000 images. It implements the ISO/IEC 15444-1 standard fully in part 1, and partly in parts 2-3. Kakadu is a trademark of NewSouth Innovations Ltd.
Kakadu was developed by and continues to be maintained by David Taubman from University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia. He is also an author of EBCOT, one of the algorithms used in JPEG 2000.
The software library is named after


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Question: Julian calendar

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Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 708 AUC (46 BC/BCE), was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on 1 January 709 AUC (45 BC/BCE), by edict. It was the predominant calendar in the Roman world, most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar, promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
The Julian calendar is still used in parts

represent the natural language
E.g.:
['Represent this Wikipedia passage to find its title', 'Tom and Jerry\nTom and Jerry is an American animated series of comedy short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It centers on a rivalry between the title characters Tom, a cat, and Jerry, a mouse. Many shorts also feature several recurring characters.\nIn its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 114 "Tom and Jerry" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958. During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place'] == ['Represent the term to find more information about it from Wikipedia (~1 paragraph)', 'Tom and Jerry']

official (British) adoption of the Gregorian calendar from the previously used Julian calendar. This has been documented in the man pages for Sun Solaris as follows. "An unusual calendar is printed for September 1752. That is the month when 11 days were skipped to make up for lack of leap year adjustments." The Plan 9 from Bell Labs manual states: "Try cal sep 1752."
See also.
- Cron process for scheduling jobs to run on a particular date.
- List of Unix commands


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Question: Jurassic

Jurassic
The Jurassic period (; from Jura Mountains) is a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles. The start of the period was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. Two other extinction events occurred during the period: the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction in the Early Jurassic, and the Tithonian

la Recherche Scientifique, Sep. 1985, Cahiers de Paleontologie, Section Vertebres, Paris, France. 1985:67-96
- F. C. Howell, L. S. Fichter, and G. Eck. 1969. Vertebrate assemblages from the Usno Formation, White Sands and Brown Sands localities, lower Omo basin, Ethiopia. Quaternaria 11:65-88
- R. Jordan. 1971. Megafossilien des Jura aus dem Antalo-Kalk von Nord-Äthiopien [Jurassic megafossils from the Antalo Limestone of northern Ethiopia]. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch 116:141-171


Question:
Represent the natural language
Lagrangian mechanics

Lagrangian mechanics
Lagrangian mechanics is a reformulation of classical mechanics, introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788.
In Lagrangian mechanics, the trajectory of a system of particles is derived by solving the Lagrange equations in one of two forms, either the "Lagrange equations of the first kind", which treat constraints explicitly as extra equations, often using Lagrange multipliers; or the "Lagrange equations of the second kind", which incorporate the constraints directly by judicious choice of generalized coordinates.

's action is proportional to the area of the sheet which the string traces as it travels through spacetime.
It is named after Japanese physicists Yoichiro Nambu and Tetsuo Goto.
Background.
Background Relativistic Lagrangian mechanics.
The basic principle of Lagrangian mechanics, the principle of stationary action, is that an object subjected to outside influences will "choose" a path which makes a certain quantity, the "action", an extremum. The action is a functional, a mathematical relationship which takes an entire path and produces a


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Question: Lake Pontchartrain

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defined in 1979 (see list of parishes in Louisiana).
The lake is crossed by the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, the longest continuous bridge over water in the world.
Toponymy.
Lake Pontchartrain is named for Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain. He was the French Minister of the Marine, Chancellor, and Controller-General of Finances during the reign of France's "Sun King", Louis XIV, for whom the colony of "La Louisiane" was named.
The name Pontchartrain itself comes from the

de Maupeou. They had one son, Jérôme Phélypeaux (1674–1747), comte de Pontchartrain.
Legacy.
Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana was named after him, as well as the historic Hotel Pontchartrain in New Orleans.
In Michigan his name was given to Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit (the site of modern-day Detroit), and to Detroit's Hotel Pontchartrain.
Isle Phelipeaux, Isle Pontchartrain, and Isle Maurepas, which appear on early maps of Lake Superior, were named in his honor by Pierre François Xavier


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Question: Leydig cell

, i.e. secrete testosterone.
Adrenomyeloneuropathy is another example of a disease affecting the Leydig cell: the patient's testosterone may fall despite higher-than-normal levels of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Lateral electrical surface stimulation therapy has been found to cause proliferation of Leydig cells in Rabbits.
History.
History Etymology.
Leydig cells are named after the German anatomist Franz Leydig, who discovered them in 1850.
See also.
- Sertoli cell
- Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour

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the ovarian granulosa cell tumor, with the fluid-filled spaces Call-Exner bodies between the granulosa cells.
They are large enough to be seen in an optical microscope and can be visualized using Giemsa, trichrome, Gram, and PAS stains. Reinke crystals are rare in normal testes, but are found in approximately 1/3 of all Leydig cell tumours.
These crystals are named after the German anatomist Friedrich Berthold Reinke.


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Question: Mach number

boundary of an object immersed in the medium, or of a channel such as a nozzle, diffusers or wind tunnels channeling the medium. As the Mach number is defined as the ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless number. If  < 0.2–0.3 and the flow is quasi-steady and isothermal, compressibility effects will be small and simplified incompressible flow equations can be used.
The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As

the design of combustion systems. Heat addition will cause both supersonic and subsonic Mach numbers to approach Mach 1, resulting in choked flow. Conversely, heat rejection decreases a subsonic Mach number and increases a supersonic Mach number along the duct. It can be shown that for calorically perfect flows the maximum entropy occurs at M = 1. Rayleigh flow is named after John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh.
Theory.
The Rayleigh flow model begins with a differential equation that relates the change in Mach number with the change in stagnation


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Question: Marxism

Marxism
Marxism is a theory and method of working-class self-emancipation. As a theory, it relies on a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Marxism uses a methodology, now known as historical materialism, to analyze and critique the development of class society and especially of capitalism as well as the role of class

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Donald, and Benson, Jr., Al, "Red Republicans and Lincoln's Marxists: Marxism in the Civil War" (2009) .
- Levine, Bruce. "Confederate Emancipation: Southern Plans to Free and Arm Slaves During the Civil War." (2006) .
- Levy, Leonard W. "Review of Americans Interpret Their Civil War by Thomas J. Pressly." The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 3. (Sep. 1954), pp. 523–524.
- MacLean


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Question: Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Qin Shi Huang) () is located in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi province of China. This mausoleum was constructed over 38 years, from 246 to 208 BC, and is situated underneath a 76-meter-tall tomb mound shaped like a truncated pyramid. The layout of the mausoleum is modeled on the Qin capital Xianyang, divided into inner and outer cities. The circumference of the inner city is 2.5 km (1.55 miles) and the

sad love story. In Qin Dynasty, the first emperor of Qin reunited China, and established a new country. However, he lived an extravagant and dissipated life, and recruited labors to build the Great Wall and his own mausoleum. It's said that in Qin Dynasty, there lived a family named Meng who planted a gourd in their yard. The leaves and branches were so long that they stretched over the wall, and into the yard of their neighbor named Jian. Before long, the neighbor named Jiang had a


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Question: Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe

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Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (), also known as the Holocaust Memorial (German: "Holocaust-Mahnmal"), is a memorial in Berlin to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, designed by architect Peter Eisenman and engineer Buro Happold. It consists of a site covered with 2,711 concrete slabs or "stelae", arranged in a grid pattern on a sloping field. The stelae are long, wide and vary in height from . They are organized in rows

the widely controversial Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, completed in May 2005. She has been chairman of the „Förderkreis zur Errichtung eines Denkmals für die ermordeten Juden Europas“ ("Society for the Promotion of Raising a Monument to the Murdered Jews of Europe") since 1995, and vice chairman of the board of trustees of the „Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas“ ("Foundation for the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe") since 1999.
In 1990, Rosh and Eberhard Jäckel were


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Question: Milgram experiment

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Milgram experiment
The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They measured the willingness of study participants, men from a diverse range of occupations with varying levels of education, to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Participants were led to believe that they were assisting an unrelated experiment, in which they had to administer electric shocks to a "learner." These fake electric shocks gradually increased to levels that

continued after being assured by the experimenter. Some said they would refund the money they were paid for participating.
Milgram summarized the experiment in his 1974 article, "The Perils of Obedience", writing:
The original Simulated Shock Generator and Event Recorder, or "shock box", is located in the Archives of the History of American Psychology.
Later, Milgram and other psychologists performed variations of the experiment throughout the world, with similar results. Milgram later investigated the effect of the experiment's locale on obedience


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Question: National Gandhi Museum

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National Gandhi Museum
The National Gandhi Museum or Gandhi Memorial Museum is a museum located in New Delhi, India showcasing the life and principles of Mahatma Gandhi. The museum first opened in Mumbai, shortly after Gandhi was assassinated in 1948. The museum relocated several times before moving to Raj Ghat, New Delhi in 1961.
History.
Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Shortly after his death, collectors began searching India for anything of importance about Gandhi. Originally the personal items, newspapers, and books related

Political career Post YSR's death.
Following the death of his father in Sep 2009, Jaganmohan started his earnest efforts to take up the political legacy left by his father.
Following YSR's death, the majority of the legislators favored Jaganmohan to be appointed as the Chief Minister. Sonia Gandhi, party chief of the Indian National Congress and her son Rahul Gandhi, party general secretary did not agree to this.
Six months after his father's death, he began an "odarpu yatra" (condolence tour) as


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Question: Nicaragua

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90% renewable energy by the year 2020. The biological diversity, warm tropical climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular tourist destination.
Etymology.
There are two prevailing theories on how the name "Nicaragua" came to be. The first is that the name was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name Nicarao, who was the chieftain or cacique of a powerful indigenous tribe encountered by the Spanish conquistador Gil González Dávila during his entry into southwestern Nicaragua in 1522. This theory holds that the name Nicaragua was

China, France, the USSR, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. This occurred on 24 October 1945, and the United Nations was officially formed.
The date each founding member state deposited their ratification of the UN Charter is as follows:
- USA – 8 Aug 1945
- France – 31 Aug 1945
- Dominican Rep. – 4 Sep 1945
- Nicaragua – 6 Sep 1945
- New Zealand – 19 Sep 1945
- Brazil


Question: Represent this phrase to find its first Wikipedia paragraph

Question: Nicotine

represent the text to find the scientific term it describes

by Adolf Pinner and Richard Wolffenstein in 1893, and it was first synthesized by Amé Pictet and A. Rotschy in 1904.
Nicotine is named after the tobacco plant "Nicotiana tabacum," which in turn is named after the French ambassador in Portugal, Jean Nicot de Villemain, who sent tobacco and seeds to Paris in 1560, presented to the French King, and who promoted their medicinal use. Smoking was believed to protect against illness, particularly the plague.
Tobacco was introduced to Europe in 1559, and by the

runs under Mac OS X but with some difficulty.
Another such client, named Nicotine, ran on all Unix-based systems, such as Mac OS X, and on Microsoft Windows. It may still be available from some package distributors on Linux-based systems. Nicotine-Plus (also styled as Nicotine+) is a continuation of the older Nicotine client and is based on the original PySoulSeek project. Nicotine+ runs under Linux and Windows.
GoSeek is a Soulseek client for Android devices. It will not run on