# Oto
Séuwa Oto iana kenderaan penumpang maroda.

Oto
[[Berkas:Benz-velo.jpg|jmpl|ka|Karl Benz's "Velo" model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race]]
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Séuwa '''Oto''' iana [[kenderaan]] [[penumpang]] ma[[roda]].

<!--==History==
[[Image:CarlBenz.jpg|left|thumb|Karl Benz]]
[[Image:Benz Patent Motorwagen 1886 (Replica).jpg|right|thumb|Replica of the Benz Patent Motorwagen built in 1886]]
[[Image:Late model Ford Model T.jpg|right|thumb|[[Ford Model T]], 1927, regarded as the first affordable automobile]]
{{main|History of the automobile}}

Some sources suggest [[Ferdinand Verbiest]], whilst a member of a [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit mission in China]], may have built the first steam powered car around 1672.<ref>{{cite web
 | title=SA MOTORING HISTORY - TIMELINE
 | publisher=Government of South Australia
 | url=http://www.history.sa.gov.au/motor/education/sa_motor_history.pdf
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | author=Setright, L. J. K.
 | title=Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car
 | publisher=Granta Books
 | year=2004
 | id=ISBN 1-86207-698-7
 }}</ref> [[François Isaac de Rivaz]], a Swiss inventor, designed the first [[internal combustion engine]] which was fuelled by a mixture of [[hydrogen]] and [[oxygen]] and used it to develop the world's first vehicle to run on such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with [[Samuel Brown (engineer)|Samuel Brown]], [[Samuel Morey]], and [[Etienne Lenoir]] who each produced vehicles powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.<ref name=stein>{{cite book
 | title=The Automobile Book
 | publisher=Paul Hamlyn Ltd
 | year=1967
 | author=Ralph Stein
 }}</ref>

An automobile powered by an [[Four-stroke cycle|Otto gasoline engine]] was built in [[Germany]] by [[Karl Benz]] in 1885 and granted a patent in the following year. Although several other engineers (including [[Gottlieb Daimler]], [[Wilhelm Maybach]] and [[Siegfried Marcus]]) were working on the problem at about the same time, Benz is generally credited with the invention of the modern automobile.<ref name=stein />

Approximately 25 of Benz's vehicles were built before 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced. They were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. [[Emile Roger]] of [[France]], already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz automobile to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early automobiles, more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany. From 1890 to 1895 about 30 vehicles were built by Daimler and his assistant, Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after falling out with their backers. Benz and Daimler seem to have been unaware of each other's early work and worked independently.

In 1890, [[Emile Levassor]] and [[Armand Peugeot]] of [[France]] began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the motor industry in France. The first American car with a gasoline internal combustion engine supposedly was designed in 1877 by [[George Baldwin Selden|George Selden]] of [[Rochester, New York]], who applied for a patent on an automobile in 1879. In [[United Kingdom|Britain]] there had been several attempts to build steam cars with varying degrees of success with [[Rickett (car)|Thomas Rickett]] even attempting a production run in 1860.<ref name=V&VCars>{{cite book
 |last=Burgess Wise
 |first=D.
 |title=Veteran and Vintage Cars
 |year=1970
 |publisher=Hamlyn
 |location=London
 |id=ISBN 0-600-00283-7
 }}</ref> [[Santler (car)|Santler]] from Malvern is recognized by the Veteran Car Club of Great Britain as having made the first petrol-powered car in the country in 1894<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book
 |last=Georgano
 |first=N.
 |title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile
 |year=2000
 |publisher=HMSO
 |location=London
 |id=ISBN 1-57958-293-1
 }}</ref> followed by [[Frederick William Lanchester]] in 1895 but these were both one-offs.<ref name=Beaulieu /> The first production vehicles came from the [[Daimler Motor Company]], founded by [[Harry J. Lawson]] in 1896, and making their first cars in 1897.<ref name=Beaulieu />

In 1892, [[Rudolf Diesel]] got a patent for a "New Rational Combustion Engine". In 1897 he built the first [[Diesel Engine]].<ref name=stein/> In 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent({{US patent|549160}}) for a [[two-stroke cycle|two-stroke]] automobile engine, which hinderd more than encouraged development of autos in the [[United States]]. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.

[[Image:Olds2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ransom E. Olds]].]]

The large-scale, [[production-line]] manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by [[Ransom Olds]] at his [[Oldsmobile]] factory in 1902. This assembly line concept was then greatly expanded by [[Henry Ford]] in the 1910s. Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included electric [[ignition system|ignition]] and the electric self-starter (both by [[Charles Kettering]], for the [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] Motor Company in 1910-1911), independent suspension, and four-wheel brakes.

Although various [[pistonless rotary engine]] designs have attempted to compete with the conventional [[piston]] and [[crankshaft]] design, only [[Mazda Wankel engine|Mazda]]'s version of the [[Wankel engine]] has had more than very limited success.

Since the 1920s, nearly all cars have been mass-produced to meet market needs, so marketing plans have often heavily influenced automobile design. It was [[Alfred P. Sloan]] who established the idea of different makes of cars produced by one company, so buyers could "move up" as their fortunes improved. The makes shared parts with one another so larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. For example, in the 1950s, [[Chevrolet]] shared hood, doors, roof, and windows with [[Pontiac]]; the LaSalle of the 1930s, sold by [[Cadillac]], used cheaper mechanical parts made by the [[Oldsmobile]] division.-->