The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows: NEXTERA ENERGY PARTNERS, LP NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: A reconciliation of U.S. federal income tax at the statutory rate to the actual income taxes is as follows: The effective tax rate was approximately 6%, 2% and 59% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.