### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

SceneShaderForwardClustered::MaterialData *material = p_material;
	RendererRD::MaterialStorage *material_storage = RendererRD::MaterialStorage::get_singleton();
	_geometry_instance_add_surface_with_material(ginstance, p_surface, material, p_mat_src.get_local_index(), material_storage->material_get_shader_id(p_mat_src), p_mesh);
	while (material->next_pass.is_valid()) {
		RID next_pass = material->next_pass;
		material = static_cast<SceneShaderForwardClustered::MaterialData *>(material_storage->material_get_data(next_pass, RendererRD::MaterialStorage::SHADER_TYPE_3D));
		if (!material || !material->shader_data->valid) {
			break;
		}
		if (ginstance->data->dirty_dependencies) {
			material_storage->material_update_dependency(next_pass, &ginstance->data->dependency_tracker);
		}
		_geometry_instance_add_surface_with_material(ginstance, p_surface, material, next_pass.get_local_index(), material_storage->material_get_shader_id(next_pass), p_mesh);
	}
}
void RenderForwardClustered::_geometry_instance_add_surface(GeometryInstanceForwardClustered *ginstance, uint32_t p_surface, RID p_material, RID p_mesh) {