### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

} else {
			if (inst->use_projector) {
				base_spec_constants |= 1 << SPEC_CONSTANT_USING_PROJECTOR;
			}
			if (inst->use_soft_shadow) {
				base_spec_constants |= 1 << SPEC_CONSTANT_USING_SOFT_SHADOWS;
			}
			forward_id_storage_mobile->fill_push_constant_instance_indices(&push_constant, base_spec_constants, inst);
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
			if (unlikely(get_debug_draw_mode() == RS::VIEWPORT_DEBUG_DRAW_LIGHTING)) {
				material_uniform_set = scene_shader.default_material_uniform_set;
				shader = scene_shader.default_material_shader_ptr;
			} else if (unlikely(get_debug_draw_mode() == RS::VIEWPORT_DEBUG_DRAW_OVERDRAW)) {
				material_uniform_set = scene_shader.overdraw_material_uniform_set;
				shader = scene_shader.overdraw_material_shader_ptr;
			} else {
#endif
				material_uniform_set = surf->material_uniform_set;
				shader = surf->shader;
				surf->material->set_as_used();
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
			}
#endif
			mesh_surface = surf->surface;
		}
		if (!mesh_surface) {
			continue;
		}
		
		if (shader->uses_time) {