### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

ss_effects->ssao_set_quality(p_quality, p_half_size, p_adaptive_target, p_blur_passes, p_fadeout_from, p_fadeout_to);
}
void RenderForwardClustered::environment_set_ssil_quality(RS::EnvironmentSSILQuality p_quality, bool p_half_size, float p_adaptive_target, int p_blur_passes, float p_fadeout_from, float p_fadeout_to) {
	ss_effects->ssil_set_quality(p_quality, p_half_size, p_adaptive_target, p_blur_passes, p_fadeout_from, p_fadeout_to);
}
void RenderForwardClustered::environment_set_ssr_roughness_quality(RS::EnvironmentSSRRoughnessQuality p_quality) {
	ss_effects->ssr_set_roughness_quality(p_quality);
}
void RenderForwardClustered::sub_surface_scattering_set_quality(RS::SubSurfaceScatteringQuality p_quality) {
	ss_effects->sss_set_quality(p_quality);
}
void RenderForwardClustered::sub_surface_scattering_set_scale(float p_scale, float p_depth_scale) {
	ss_effects->sss_set_scale(p_scale, p_depth_scale);
}
RenderForwardClustered *RenderForwardClustered::singleton = nullptr;
void RenderForwardClustered::GeometryInstanceForwardClustered::_mark_dirty() {
	if (dirty_list_element.in_list()) {
		return;
	}
	
	GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache *surf = surface_caches;
	while (surf) {
		GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache *next = surf->next;
		RenderForwardClustered::get_singleton()->geometry_instance_surface_alloc.free(surf);
		surf = next;
	}
	surface_caches = nullptr;
	RenderForwardClustered::get_singleton()->geometry_instance_dirty_list.add(&dirty_list_element);
}
void RenderForwardClustered::_geometry_instance_add_surface_with_material(GeometryInstanceForwardClustered *ginstance, uint32_t p_surface, SceneShaderForwardClustered::MaterialData *p_material, uint32_t p_material_id, uint32_t p_shader_id, RID p_mesh) {