### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

uint32_t shadow_pass_index = scene_state.shadow_passes.size();
	SceneState::ShadowPass shadow_pass;
	if (p_render_info) {
		p_render_info->info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_TYPE_SHADOW][RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_DRAW_CALLS_IN_FRAME] = p_instances.size();
		p_render_info->info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_TYPE_SHADOW][RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_OBJECTS_IN_FRAME] = p_instances.size();
	}
	RenderSceneDataRD scene_data;
	scene_data.cam_projection = p_projection;
	scene_data.cam_transform = p_transform;
	scene_data.view_projection[0] = p_projection;
	scene_data.z_near = 0.0;
	scene_data.z_far = p_zfar;
	scene_data.lod_distance_multiplier = p_lod_distance_multiplier;
	scene_data.dual_paraboloid_side = p_use_dp_flip ? -1 : 1;
	scene_data.opaque_prepass_threshold = 0.1;
	scene_data.time = time;
	scene_data.time_step = time_step;
	RenderDataRD render_data;
	render_data.scene_data = &scene_data;
	render_data.instances = &p_instances;
	render_data.render_info = p_render_info;
	_setup_environment(&render_data, true, Vector2(1, 1), !p_flip_y, Color(), false, p_use_pancake, shadow_pass_index);
	if (get_debug_draw_mode() == RS::VIEWPORT_DEBUG_DRAW_DISABLE_LOD) {
		scene_data.screen_mesh_lod_threshold = 0.0;
	} else {