### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

if (scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].size() > 0) {
		if (scene_state.instance_buffer[p_render_list] == RID() || scene_state.instance_buffer_size[p_render_list] < scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].size()) {
			if (scene_state.instance_buffer[p_render_list] != RID()) {
				RD::get_singleton()->free(scene_state.instance_buffer[p_render_list]);
			}
			uint32_t new_size = nearest_power_of_2_templated(MAX(uint64_t(INSTANCE_DATA_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE), scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].size()));
			scene_state.instance_buffer[p_render_list] = RD::get_singleton()->storage_buffer_create(new_size * sizeof(SceneState::InstanceData));
			scene_state.instance_buffer_size[p_render_list] = new_size;
		}
		RD::get_singleton()->buffer_update(scene_state.instance_buffer[p_render_list], 0, sizeof(SceneState::InstanceData) * scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].size(), scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].ptr(), RD::BARRIER_MASK_RASTER);
	}
}
void RenderForwardClustered::_fill_instance_data(RenderListType p_render_list, int *p_render_info, uint32_t p_offset, int32_t p_max_elements, bool p_update_buffer) {
	RenderList *rl = &render_list[p_render_list];
	uint32_t element_total = p_max_elements >= 0 ? uint32_t(p_max_elements) : rl->elements.size();
	scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list].resize(p_offset + element_total);
	rl->element_info.resize(p_offset + element_total);
	if (p_render_info) {
		p_render_info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_OBJECTS_IN_FRAME] += element_total;
	}
	uint64_t frame = RSG::rasterizer->get_frame_number();
	uint32_t repeats = 0;
	GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache *prev_surface = nullptr;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < element_total; i++) {
		GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache *surface = rl->elements[i + p_offset];
		GeometryInstanceForwardClustered *inst = surface->owner;
		SceneState::InstanceData &instance_data = scene_state.instance_data[p_render_list][i + p_offset];
		if (inst->prev_transform_dirty && frame > inst->prev_transform_change_frame + 1 && inst->prev_transform_change_frame) {
			inst->prev_transform = inst->transform;
			inst->prev_transform_dirty = false;