### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

} else if (p_render_list == RENDER_LIST_SECONDARY) { 
						p_render_data->render_info->info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_TYPE_SHADOW][RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_PRIMITIVES_IN_FRAME] += indices;
					}
				}
			} else {
				surf->lod_index = 0;
				if (p_render_data->render_info) {
					uint32_t to_draw = mesh_storage->mesh_surface_get_vertices_drawn_count(surf->surface);
					to_draw = _indices_to_primitives(surf->primitive, to_draw);
					to_draw *= inst->instance_count;
					if (p_render_list == RENDER_LIST_OPAQUE) { 
						p_render_data->render_info->info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_TYPE_VISIBLE][RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_PRIMITIVES_IN_FRAME] += mesh_storage->mesh_surface_get_vertices_drawn_count(surf->surface);
					} else if (p_render_list == RENDER_LIST_SECONDARY) { 
						p_render_data->render_info->info[RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_TYPE_SHADOW][RS::VIEWPORT_RENDER_INFO_PRIMITIVES_IN_FRAME] += mesh_storage->mesh_surface_get_vertices_drawn_count(surf->surface);
					}
				}
			}
			
			if (p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_COLOR || p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_COLOR_TRANSPARENT) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
				bool force_alpha = unlikely(get_debug_draw_mode() == RS::VIEWPORT_DEBUG_DRAW_OVERDRAW);
#else
				bool force_alpha = false;
#endif
				if (!force_alpha && (surf->flags & GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache::FLAG_PASS_OPAQUE)) {
					rl->add_element(surf);
				}
				if (force_alpha || (surf->flags & GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache::FLAG_PASS_ALPHA)) {
					render_list[RENDER_LIST_ALPHA].add_element(surf);
				}