### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

}
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
			shadow_render.sdf_render_pipelines[i] = RD::get_singleton()->render_pipeline_create(shadow_render.shader.version_get_shader(shadow_render.shader_version, SHADOW_RENDER_MODE_SDF), shadow_render.sdf_framebuffer_format, shadow_render.sdf_vertex_format, i == 0 ? RD::RENDER_PRIMITIVE_TRIANGLES : RD::RENDER_PRIMITIVE_LINES, RD::PipelineRasterizationState(), RD::PipelineMultisampleState(), RD::PipelineDepthStencilState(), RD::PipelineColorBlendState::create_disabled(), 0);
		}
	}
	{ 
		state.canvas_state_buffer = RD::get_singleton()->uniform_buffer_create(sizeof(State::Buffer));
		state.lights_uniform_buffer = RD::get_singleton()->uniform_buffer_create(sizeof(LightUniform) * state.max_lights_per_render);
		RD::SamplerState shadow_sampler_state;
		shadow_sampler_state.mag_filter = RD::SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR;
		shadow_sampler_state.min_filter = RD::SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR;
		shadow_sampler_state.repeat_u = RD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_REPEAT; 
		shadow_sampler_state.compare_op = RD::COMPARE_OP_GREATER;
		shadow_sampler_state.enable_compare = true;
		state.shadow_sampler = RD::get_singleton()->sampler_create(shadow_sampler_state);
	}
	{
		
		polygon_buffers.last_id = 1;
	}
	{ 
		Vector<uint8_t> pv;
		pv.resize(6 * 4);
		{
			uint8_t *w = pv.ptrw();
			int *p32 = (int *)w;
			p32[0] = 0;
			p32[1] = 1;
			p32[2] = 2;
			p32[3] = 0;