### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

} else {
				atlas_rect.position.y += atlas_rect.size.height;
			}
		}
		float directional_shadow_size = light_storage->directional_shadow_get_size();
		Rect2 atlas_rect_norm = atlas_rect;
		atlas_rect_norm.position /= directional_shadow_size;
		atlas_rect_norm.size /= directional_shadow_size;
		light_storage->light_instance_set_directional_shadow_atlas_rect(p_light, p_pass, atlas_rect_norm);
		zfar = RSG::light_storage->light_get_param(base, RS::LIGHT_PARAM_RANGE);
		render_fb = light_storage->direction_shadow_get_fb();
		render_texture = RID();
		flip_y = true;
	} else {
		
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!light_storage->owns_shadow_atlas(p_shadow_atlas));
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!light_storage->shadow_atlas_owns_light_instance(p_shadow_atlas, p_light));
		RSG::light_storage->shadow_atlas_update(p_shadow_atlas);
		uint32_t key = light_storage->shadow_atlas_get_light_instance_key(p_shadow_atlas, p_light);
		uint32_t quadrant = (key >> RendererRD::LightStorage::QUADRANT_SHIFT) & 0x3;
		uint32_t shadow = key & RendererRD::LightStorage::SHADOW_INDEX_MASK;
		uint32_t subdivision = light_storage->shadow_atlas_get_quadrant_subdivision(p_shadow_atlas, quadrant);
		ERR_FAIL_INDEX((int)shadow, light_storage->shadow_atlas_get_quadrant_shadow_size(p_shadow_atlas, quadrant));
		uint32_t shadow_atlas_size = light_storage->shadow_atlas_get_size(p_shadow_atlas);
		uint32_t quadrant_size = shadow_atlas_size >> 1;
		atlas_rect.position.x = (quadrant & 1) * quadrant_size;
		atlas_rect.position.y = (quadrant >> 1) * quadrant_size;
		uint32_t shadow_size = (quadrant_size / subdivision);
		atlas_rect.position.x += (shadow % subdivision) * shadow_size;
		atlas_rect.position.y += (shadow / subdivision) * shadow_size;