### Godot version

v4.0.rc.custom_build [b12bf7ff0]

### System information

Ubuntu 23.04 (Lunar Lobster)

### Issue description

In a spatial shader: calling textureSize with a texture with hint_screen_texture or hint_depth_texture causes a long list of errors in the terminal, hangs the editor for a minute and fails to run the shader. Shaders using textureSize built fine two weeks ago.



### Steps to reproduce

Open sample project. Errors should be printed to console right away.

[terminal_output.txt](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10700615/terminal_output.txt)




### Minimal reproduction project

[textureSize.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10700628/textureSize.zip)

Shader for MeshInstance3D with a plane mesh:

```
shader_type spatial;

uniform sampler2D SCREEN_TEXTURE : hint_screen_texture, filter_linear_mipmap;

void fragment() {
    textureSize(SCREEN_TEXTURE, 0);  // <- culprit
    ALBEDO = vec3(1, 0, 0);
}
```
for (int i = 0; i < p_node->functions.size(); i++) {
			if (p_node->functions[i].name == uses_functions[k]) {
				fnode = p_node->functions[i].function;
				break;
			}
		}
		ERR_FAIL_COND(!fnode);
		r_to_add += "\n";
		String header;
		if (fnode->return_type == SL::TYPE_STRUCT) {
			header = _mkid(fnode->return_struct_name);
		} else {
			header = _typestr(fnode->return_type);
		}
		if (fnode->return_array_size > 0) {
			header += "[";
			header += itos(fnode->return_array_size);
			header += "]";
		}
		header += " ";
		header += _mkid(fnode->name);
		header += "(";
		for (int i = 0; i < fnode->arguments.size(); i++) {
			if (i > 0) {
				header += ", ";
			}
			header += _constr(fnode->arguments[i].is_const);
			if (fnode->arguments[i].type == SL::TYPE_STRUCT) {
				header += _qualstr(fnode->arguments[i].qualifier) + _mkid(fnode->arguments[i].type_str) + " " + _mkid(fnode->arguments[i].name);
			} else {