### Godot version

4.0.beta10

### System information

Windows 11

### Issue description
UPDATE: This problem only occurs when the source code contains inner classes

Before 4.0.Beta9, I could get a GDScript instance by `GDScript.new()` and then set the `source_code` property and then `reload()`, but now it throws an error 
```
USER SCRIPT ERROR: Parse Error: Could not find script "".
   at: GDScript::reload (built-in:1644)
```
In my software, I use the above method when the user modifies the code text, and then read the godot log to implement real-time error checking of the custom user script editor. But now this functionality is completely broken

### Steps to reproduce

1. Create a GDScript instance by `GDScript.new()`
2. set the `source_code` property and then `reload()`

### Minimal reproduction project

N/A
Ref<GDScript> cached_script = GDScriptCache::get_cached_script(source_path);
		if (!source_path.is_empty() && cached_script.is_null()) {
			MutexLock lock(GDScriptCache::singleton->mutex);
			GDScriptCache::singleton->shallow_gdscript_cache[source_path] = Ref<GDScript>(this);
		}
	}
	valid = false;
	GDScriptParser parser;
	Error err = parser.parse(source, path, false);
	if (err) {
		if (EngineDebugger::is_active()) {
			GDScriptLanguage::get_singleton()->debug_break_parse(_get_debug_path(), parser.get_errors().front()->get().line, "Parser Error: " + parser.get_errors().front()->get().message);
		}
		
		_err_print_error("GDScript::reload", path.is_empty() ? "built-in" : (const char *)path.utf8().get_data(), parser.get_errors().front()->get().line, ("Parse Error: " + parser.get_errors().front()->get().message).utf8().get_data(), false, ERR_HANDLER_SCRIPT);
		reloading = false;
		return ERR_PARSE_ERROR;
	}
	GDScriptAnalyzer analyzer(&parser);
	err = analyzer.analyze();
	if (err) {
		if (EngineDebugger::is_active()) {
			GDScriptLanguage::get_singleton()->debug_break_parse(_get_debug_path(), parser.get_errors().front()->get().line, "Parser Error: " + parser.get_errors().front()->get().message);
		}
		const List<GDScriptParser::ParserError>::Element *e = parser.get_errors().front();
		while (e != nullptr) {
			_err_print_error("GDScript::reload", path.is_empty() ? "built-in" : (const char *)path.utf8().get_data(), e->get().line, ("Parse Error: " + e->get().message).utf8().get_data(), false, ERR_HANDLER_SCRIPT);
			e = e->next();
		}
		reloading = false;