### Godot version

v4.0.beta.custom_build [291add339]

### System information

Windows 10, Forward+, NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti (31.0.15.1694)

### Issue description

I was testing if #69669 was solved by #70418, which it seemed to be. However, I got a wall of errors at the same time.

In the minimal reproduction project below in this Issue, I get errors when instantiating many of the same `GPUParticle2D` scene. In my earlier Godot 4 build (v4.0.beta.custom_build [2a04b18d3]) I did not get any errors (but got the occasional artifact as was my original issue in #69669).

I suspect the PR #70418 solved the artifact, but possibly introduced new bugs. However, I have not specifically built Godot with, and without the PR in question.

I believe this is the start and end of the errors - after which they repeat.
![wall_of_errors](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10490534/209046500-9813150c-d6e4-4a11-8e62-79d370d07009.png)

### Steps to reproduce

- Create a GPUParticle2D scene
- Instantiate the scene several times
- Observe the debugger get flooded with errors

### Minimal reproduction project

This project only instantiates default GPUParticle2D scenes with a default particle material.
[GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/10283416/GPU_Particle_Creation_Bug.zip)

#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
			}
#endif
			mesh_surface = surf->surface;
		}
		if (!mesh_surface) {
			continue;
		}
		
		if (shader->uses_time) {
			should_request_redraw = true;
		}
		
		SceneShaderForwardClustered::ShaderData::CullVariant cull_variant;
		if (p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_DEPTH_MATERIAL || p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_SDF || ((p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_SHADOW || p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_SHADOW_DP) && surf->flags & GeometryInstanceSurfaceDataCache::FLAG_USES_DOUBLE_SIDED_SHADOWS)) {
			cull_variant = SceneShaderForwardClustered::ShaderData::CULL_VARIANT_DOUBLE_SIDED;
		} else {
			bool mirror = surf->owner->mirror;
			if (p_params->reverse_cull) {
				mirror = !mirror;
			}
			cull_variant = mirror ? SceneShaderForwardClustered::ShaderData::CULL_VARIANT_REVERSED : SceneShaderForwardClustered::ShaderData::CULL_VARIANT_NORMAL;
		}
		RS::PrimitiveType primitive = surf->primitive;
		RID xforms_uniform_set = surf->owner->transforms_uniform_set;
		SceneShaderForwardClustered::PipelineVersion pipeline_version = SceneShaderForwardClustered::PIPELINE_VERSION_MAX; 
		uint32_t pipeline_color_pass_flags = 0;
		uint32_t pipeline_specialization = 0;
		if constexpr (p_pass_mode == PASS_MODE_COLOR) {
			if (element_info.uses_softshadow) {