<!-- If you need to report a security issue please visit https://github.com/apache/dubbo/security/policy -->

- [x] I have searched the [issues](https://github.com/apache/dubbo/issues) of this repository and believe that this is not a duplicate.

### Environment

* Dubbo version: 3.1.9
* Operating System version: Windows
* Java version: 11.0.18

### Steps to reproduce this issue

1. 正常启动一个普通springboot+dubbo应用，使用默认的logback且未配置日志选项
2. 使用 QoS 命令 `loggerInfo` 查询日志配置

3. 未正确返回结果，且应用控制台抛出NPE

  ```bash
  telnet localhost 22222
     ___   __  __ ___   ___   ____
    / _ \ / / / // _ ) / _ ) / __ \
   / // // /_/ // _  |/ _  |/ /_/ /
  /____/ \____//____//____/ \____/
  dubbo>loggerInfo
  loggerInfo :fail to execute commandContext by null
  ```

### Expected Behavior

<!-- What do you expect from the above steps？-->

正常查询应用的日志配置 ，如果某些参数未配置则提供默认值（如 Log level: INFO）

### Actual Behavior

<!-- What actually happens? -->

If there is an exception, please attach the exception trace:

```
14:15:36.417 logback [qos-worker-3-1] INFO  o.a.d.q.c.DefaultCommandExecutor -  [DUBBO] [Dubbo QoS] Command Process start. Command: loggerInfo, Args: [], Remote Address: /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:63671, dubbo version: 3.1.9, current host: 10.201.50.35
No such logging.properties in classpath for jdk logging config!
14:15:36.450 logback [qos-worker-3-1] INFO  o.a.d.q.c.DefaultCommandExecutor -  [DUBBO] [Dubbo QoS] Command Process Failed. Command: loggerInfo, Args: [], Remote Address: /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:63671, dubbo version: 3.1.9, current host: 10.201.50.35
java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.impl.LoggerInfo.execute(LoggerInfo.java:35)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.DefaultCommandExecutor.execute(DefaultCommandExecutor.java:57)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.server.handler.TelnetProcessHandler.channelRead0(TelnetProcessHandler.java:59)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.server.handler.TelnetProcessHandler.channelRead0(TelnetProcessHandler.java:40)
14:15:36.451 logback [qos-worker-3-1] ERROR o.a.d.q.s.h.TelnetProcessHandler -  [DUBBO] execute commandContext got exception org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.CommandContext@740b26f8, dubbo version: 3.1.9, current host: 10.201.50.35, error code: 7-6. This may be caused by , go to https://dubbo.apache.org/faq/7/6 to find instructions. 
java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.impl.LoggerInfo.execute(LoggerInfo.java:35)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.DefaultCommandExecutor.execute(DefaultCommandExecutor.java:57)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.server.handler.TelnetProcessHandler.channelRead0(TelnetProcessHandler.java:59)
	at org.apache.dubbo.qos.server.handler.TelnetProcessHandler.channelRead0(TelnetProcessHandler.java:40)
```

断点调试发现 `org.apache.dubbo.qos.command.impl.LoggerInfo` 33行中返回了 null
![image](https://github.com/apache/dubbo/assets/10182210/3107c62c-077c-4614-b701-0dafb0fe4864)

使用 `switchLogLevel` 修改日志级别后再使用 `loggerInfo` 查询则正常
  ```
  dubbo>loggerInfo
  loggerInfo :fail to execute commandContext by null
  dubbo>switchLogLevel INFO
  OK
  dubbo>loggerInfo
  Available logger adapters: [slf4j, jcl, log4j2, jdk]. Current Adapter: [slf4j]. Log level: INFO
  ```
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 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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package org.apache.dubbo.common.logger.slf4j;
import org.apache.dubbo.common.logger.Logger;
import org.apache.dubbo.common.logger.support.FailsafeLogger;
import org.slf4j.spi.LocationAwareLogger;
public class Slf4jLogger implements Logger {
    private static final String FQCN = FailsafeLogger.class.getName();
    private final org.slf4j.Logger logger;
    private final LocationAwareLogger locationAwareLogger;