### Elasticsearch Version

7.16.2, master

### Installed Plugins

no

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

Linux iZbp1dn0ktfed9mjoyuiajZ 5.10.84-10.2.al8.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Feb 10 15:03:09 CST 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### Problem Description

When put repository using PutRespository API for an existing repository, NullPointerException was thrown, short stack shows as below
```
1> java.lang.Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository.getMetadata()" because "repository" is null
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.innerExecuteTasks(MasterService.java:916) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.executeTasks(MasterService.java:871) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.runTasks(MasterService.java:253) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService$Batcher.run(MasterService.java:153) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher.runIfNotProcessed(TaskBatcher.java:114) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher$BatchedTask.run(TaskBatcher.java:170) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext$ContextPreservingRunnable.run(ThreadContext.java:714) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.runAndClean(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:260) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.run(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:223) [main/:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136) [?:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635) [?:?]
  1>   at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) [?:?]
```

### Steps to Reproduce

I've created an IT to reproduce this issue in [#85551](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/85551), steps can be described as following:
- put repository using `RestPutRepository` API and make sure non-master node failed to create repository.
- restart master let one of the previous non-master node become master
- put the same repository using the `RestPutRepository` API.

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/RepositoriesService.java
final RepositoriesMetadata currentReposMetadata = clusterService.state()
            .metadata()
            .custom(RepositoriesMetadata.TYPE, RepositoriesMetadata.EMPTY);
        final RepositoryMetadata repositoryMetadata = currentReposMetadata.repository(repositoryName);
        if (repositoryMetadata == null || repositoryMetadata.uuid().equals(repositoryUuid)) {
            listener.onResponse(null);
            return;
        }
        clusterService.submitStateUpdateTask(
            "update repository UUID [" + repositoryName + "] to [" + repositoryUuid + "]",
            new ClusterStateUpdateTask() {
                @Override
                public ClusterState execute(ClusterState currentState) {
                    final RepositoriesMetadata currentReposMetadata = currentState.metadata()
                        .custom(RepositoriesMetadata.TYPE, RepositoriesMetadata.EMPTY);
                    final RepositoryMetadata repositoryMetadata = currentReposMetadata.repository(repositoryName);
                    if (repositoryMetadata == null || repositoryMetadata.uuid().equals(repositoryUuid)) {
                        return currentState;
                    } else {
                        final RepositoriesMetadata newReposMetadata = currentReposMetadata.withUuid(repositoryName, repositoryUuid);
                        final Metadata.Builder metadata = Metadata.builder(currentState.metadata())
                            .putCustom(RepositoriesMetadata.TYPE, newReposMetadata);
                        return ClusterState.builder(currentState).metadata(metadata).build();
                    }
                }
                @Override
                public void onFailure(Exception e) {
                    listener.onFailure(e);
                }
                @Override