### Elasticsearch Version

7.16.2, master

### Installed Plugins

no

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

Linux iZbp1dn0ktfed9mjoyuiajZ 5.10.84-10.2.al8.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Feb 10 15:03:09 CST 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### Problem Description

When put repository using PutRespository API for an existing repository, NullPointerException was thrown, short stack shows as below
```
1> java.lang.Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository.getMetadata()" because "repository" is null
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.innerExecuteTasks(MasterService.java:916) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.executeTasks(MasterService.java:871) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.runTasks(MasterService.java:253) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService$Batcher.run(MasterService.java:153) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher.runIfNotProcessed(TaskBatcher.java:114) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher$BatchedTask.run(TaskBatcher.java:170) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext$ContextPreservingRunnable.run(ThreadContext.java:714) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.runAndClean(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:260) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.run(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:223) [main/:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136) [?:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635) [?:?]
  1>   at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) [?:?]
```

### Steps to Reproduce

I've created an IT to reproduce this issue in [#85551](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/85551), steps can be described as following:
- put repository using `RestPutRepository` API and make sure non-master node failed to create repository.
- restart master let one of the previous non-master node become master
- put the same repository using the `RestPutRepository` API.

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/repository-encrypted/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/encrypted/EncryptedRepositorySecretIntegTests.java
logger.info("--> waiting for completion");
        expectThrows(SnapshotMissingException.class, () -> { waitForCompletion(repoName, snapshotName, TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(60)); });
    }
    protected String randomName() {
        return randomAlphaOfLength(randomIntBetween(1, 10)).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
    }
    protected String repositoryType() {
        return EncryptedRepositoryPlugin.REPOSITORY_TYPE_NAME;
    }
    protected Settings repositorySettings(String repositoryName) {
        return Settings.builder()
            .put("compress", randomBoolean())
            .put(EncryptedRepositoryPlugin.DELEGATE_TYPE_SETTING.getKey(), FsRepository.TYPE)
            .put(EncryptedRepositoryPlugin.PASSWORD_NAME_SETTING.getKey(), repositoryName)
            .put("location", randomRepoPath())
            .build();
    }
    protected String createRepository(final String name) {
        return createRepository(name, true);
    }
    protected String createRepository(final String name, final boolean verify) {
        return createRepository(name, repositorySettings(name), verify);
    }
    protected String createRepository(final String name, final Settings settings, final boolean verify) {
        logger.debug("-->  creating repository [name: {}, verify: {}, settings: {}]", name, verify, settings);
        assertAcked(
            client().admin().cluster().preparePutRepository(name).setType(repositoryType()).setVerify(verify).setSettings(settings)
        );
        internalCluster().getDataOrMasterNodeInstances(RepositoriesService.class).forEach(repositories -> {
            assertThat(repositories.repository(name), notNullValue());