**Build scan:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/frehaqs2hrhe4/tests/:server:internalClusterTest/org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT/testBackgroundGlobalCheckpointSync

**Reproduction line:**
`./gradlew ':server:internalClusterTest' --tests "org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.testBackgroundGlobalCheckpointSync" -Dtests.seed=19EB2D16676B55E5 -Dtests.locale=es-SV -Dtests.timezone=Indian/Antananarivo -Druntime.java=17`

**Applicable branches:**
8.3

**Reproduces locally?:**
Didn't try

**Failure history:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/scans/tests?tests.container=org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT&tests.test=testBackgroundGlobalCheckpointSync

**Failure excerpt:**
```
org.apache.lucene.store.AlreadyClosedException: engine is closed

  at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([19EB2D16676B55E5:C85E2309EA9D031E]:0)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.getEngine(IndexShard.java:2971)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.seqNoStats(IndexShard.java:1261)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.lambda$runGlobalCheckpointSyncTest$7(GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.java:197)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase.assertBusy(ESTestCase.java:1086)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.runGlobalCheckpointSyncTest(GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.java:192)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.seqno.GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.testBackgroundGlobalCheckpointSync(GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.java:89)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.invoke(RandomizedRunner.java:1758)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$8.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:946)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$9.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:982)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$10.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:996)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleSetupTeardownChained$1.evaluate(TestRuleSetupTeardownChained.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleThreadAndTestName$1.evaluate(TestRuleThreadAndTestName.java:45)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:375)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.forkTimeoutingTask(ThreadLeakControl.java:824)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$3.evaluate(ThreadLeakControl.java:475)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.runSingleTest(RandomizedRunner.java:955)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$5.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:840)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$6.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:891)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$7.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:902)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleStoreClassName$1.evaluate(TestRuleStoreClassName.java:38)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleAssertionsRequired$1.evaluate(TestRuleAssertionsRequired.java:53)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites.java:47)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:375)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.lambda$forkTimeoutingTask$0(ThreadLeakControl.java:831)
  at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

```
server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/index/seqno/GlobalCheckpointSyncIT.java
"test",
            Settings.builder()
                .put(IndexService.GLOBAL_CHECKPOINT_SYNC_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "1s")
                .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_TRANSLOG_DURABILITY_SETTING.getKey(), Translog.Durability.ASYNC)
                .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_TRANSLOG_SYNC_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "1s")
                .put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)
        ).get();
        for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
            final String id = Integer.toString(j);
            client().prepareIndex("test").setId(id).setSource("{\"foo\": " + id + "}", XContentType.JSON).get();
        }
        assertBusy(() -> {
            SeqNoStats seqNoStats = client().admin().indices().prepareStats("test").get().getIndex("test").getShards()[0].getSeqNoStats();
            assertThat(seqNoStats.getGlobalCheckpoint(), equalTo(seqNoStats.getMaxSeqNo()));
        });
    }
    public void testPostOperationGlobalCheckpointSync() throws Exception {
        
        
        
        runGlobalCheckpointSyncTest(
            TimeValue.timeValueHours(24),
            client -> client.admin()
                .indices()
                .prepareUpdateSettings("test")
                .setSettings(Settings.builder().put(IndexSettings.INDEX_TRANSLOG_DURABILITY_SETTING.getKey(), Translog.Durability.REQUEST))
                .get(),
            client -> {}
        );
    }