### Preflight Checklist

- [X] I have read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for this project.
- [X] I agree to follow the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) that this project adheres to.
- [X] I have searched the [issue tracker](https://www.github.com/electron/electron/issues) for a bug report that matches the one I want to file, without success.

### Electron Version

17.3.1, also affected: 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

### What operating system are you using?

macOS

### Operating System Version

12.3, also affected: Win, Linux

### What arch are you using?

x64

### Last Known Working Electron version

15.3.4

### Expected Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app should return `true`.

### Actual Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app returns `false`.

### Testcase Gist URL

https://gist.github.com/6d51100568b78f98c5177cb27d370f9f

### Additional Information

It seems that the issue only exists when setting the `userData` path to a non-existent folder (which is most likely the case when you start the app for the first time on a fresh computer). Subsequent starts result in correct behavior because the folder has been created by then. The issue was not present in E15 and below; I'll bisect further.

The issue becomes problematic when implementing a behavior as described [in the docs](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/app#apprequestsingleinstancelockadditionaldata) because the app will just quit on first start:
```js
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock(additionalData)
if (!gotTheLock) {
  app.quit()
} else {...
```

cc @miniak 

_funfact: this was a pain to debug since it crashed our CI in a very obscure way 😆_ 
shell/browser/api/electron_api_app.cc
gin_helper::ErrorThrower(isolate).ThrowError(
        "Must pass valid certificate object.");
    return;
  }
  std::string data;
  if (!cert_data.Get("data", &data))
    return;
  auto certs = net::X509Certificate::CreateCertificateListFromBytes(
      base::as_bytes(base::make_span(data.c_str(), data.size())),
      net::X509Certificate::FORMAT_AUTO);
  if (!certs.empty()) {
    scoped_refptr<net::X509Certificate> cert(certs[0].get());
    for (auto& identity : *identities) {
      scoped_refptr<net::X509Certificate> identity_cert =
          identity->certificate();
      
      
      
      
      if (cert->EqualsExcludingChain(identity_cert.get())) {
        net::ClientCertIdentity::SelfOwningAcquirePrivateKey(
            std::move(identity), base::BindRepeating(&GotPrivateKey, delegate,
                                                     std::move(identity_cert)));
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}
#if BUILDFLAG(USE_NSS_CERTS)
int ImportIntoCertStore(CertificateManagerModel* model, base::Value options) {