### CI Link

https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/bhuomrfypovuq

### Repro line

gradlew :x-pack:plugin:security:test --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17

### Does it reproduce?

Yes

### Applicable branches

main

### Failure history

_No response_

### Failure excerpt

```
  2> REPRODUCE WITH: ./gradlew ':x-pack:plugin:security:test' --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17
  2> java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.util.HashMap cannot be cast to class org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference (java.util.HashMap is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap'; org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference is in unnamed module of loader 'app')
        at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([819240371E8B1C23:50D848AB4705CC]:0)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadataForApiKeyRoleDescriptors(Authentication.java:1093)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadata(Authentication.java:271)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteForOlderVersion(Authentication.java:232)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.buildUserToken(TokenServiceTests.java:941)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated(TokenServiceTests.java:437)
```
x-pack/plugin/core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/core/security/authc/Authentication.java
if (false == shouldAddAnonymousRoleNames) {
            return this;
        }
        
        if (anonymousUser.roles().length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("anonymous is only enabled when the anonymous user has roles");
        }
        final String[] allRoleNames = ArrayUtils.concat(getEffectiveSubject().getUser().roles(), anonymousUser.roles());
        if (isRunAs()) {
            final User user = effectiveSubject.getUser();
            return new Authentication(
                new Subject(
                    new User(user.principal(), allRoleNames, user.fullName(), user.email(), user.metadata(), user.enabled()),
                    effectiveSubject.getRealm(),
                    effectiveSubject.getTransportVersion(),
                    effectiveSubject.getMetadata()
                ),
                authenticatingSubject,
                type
            );
        } else {
            final User user = authenticatingSubject.getUser();
            return new Authentication(
                new Subject(
                    new User(user.principal(), allRoleNames, user.fullName(), user.email(), user.metadata(), user.enabled()),
                    authenticatingSubject.getRealm(),
                    authenticatingSubject.getTransportVersion(),
                    authenticatingSubject.getMetadata()
                ),
                type