### Elasticsearch Version

7.16.2, master

### Installed Plugins

no

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

Linux iZbp1dn0ktfed9mjoyuiajZ 5.10.84-10.2.al8.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Feb 10 15:03:09 CST 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### Problem Description

When put repository using PutRespository API for an existing repository, NullPointerException was thrown, short stack shows as below
```
1> java.lang.Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository.getMetadata()" because "repository" is null
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.innerExecuteTasks(MasterService.java:916) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.executeTasks(MasterService.java:871) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.runTasks(MasterService.java:253) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService$Batcher.run(MasterService.java:153) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher.runIfNotProcessed(TaskBatcher.java:114) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher$BatchedTask.run(TaskBatcher.java:170) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext$ContextPreservingRunnable.run(ThreadContext.java:714) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.runAndClean(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:260) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.run(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:223) [main/:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136) [?:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635) [?:?]
  1>   at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) [?:?]
```

### Steps to Reproduce

I've created an IT to reproduce this issue in [#85551](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/85551), steps can be described as following:
- put repository using `RestPutRepository` API and make sure non-master node failed to create repository.
- restart master let one of the previous non-master node become master
- put the same repository using the `RestPutRepository` API.

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/RepositoriesServiceTests.java
expectThrows(RepositoryMissingException.class, () -> repositoriesService.repository(repoName));
        assertTrue(((TestRepository) repository).isClosed);
    }
    public void testRegisterWillNotUpdateIfInternalRepositoryWithNameExists() {
        String repoName = "name";
        expectThrows(RepositoryMissingException.class, () -> repositoriesService.repository(repoName));
        repositoriesService.registerInternalRepository(repoName, TestRepository.TYPE);
        Repository repository = repositoriesService.repository(repoName);
        assertFalse(((TestRepository) repository).isClosed);
        repositoriesService.registerInternalRepository(repoName, TestRepository.TYPE);
        assertFalse(((TestRepository) repository).isClosed);
        Repository repository2 = repositoriesService.repository(repoName);
        assertSame(repository, repository2);
    }
    public void testRegisterRejectsInvalidRepositoryNames() {
        assertThrowsOnRegister("");
        assertThrowsOnRegister("contains#InvalidCharacter");
        for (char c : Arrays.asList('\\', '/', '*', '?', '"', '<', '>', '|', ' ', ',')) {
            assertThrowsOnRegister("contains" + c + "InvalidCharacters");
        }
    }
    public void testRepositoriesStatsCanHaveTheSameNameAndDifferentTypeOverTime() {
        String repoName = "name";
        expectThrows(RepositoryMissingException.class, () -> repositoriesService.repository(repoName));
        ClusterState clusterStateWithRepoTypeA = createClusterStateWithRepo(repoName, MeteredRepositoryTypeA.TYPE);
        repositoriesService.applyClusterState(new ClusterChangedEvent("new repo", clusterStateWithRepoTypeA, emptyState()));
        assertThat(repositoriesService.repositoriesStats().size(), equalTo(1));
        repositoriesService.applyClusterState(new ClusterChangedEvent("new repo", emptyState(), clusterStateWithRepoTypeA));
        assertThat(repositoriesService.repositoriesStats().size(), equalTo(1));
        ClusterState clusterStateWithRepoTypeB = createClusterStateWithRepo(repoName, MeteredRepositoryTypeB.TYPE);