### Elasticsearch Version

7.16.2, master

### Installed Plugins

no

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

Linux iZbp1dn0ktfed9mjoyuiajZ 5.10.84-10.2.al8.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Feb 10 15:03:09 CST 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### Problem Description

When put repository using PutRespository API for an existing repository, NullPointerException was thrown, short stack shows as below
```
1> java.lang.Exception: java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "org.elasticsearch.repositories.Repository.getMetadata()" because "repository" is null
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.innerExecuteTasks(MasterService.java:916) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.executeTasks(MasterService.java:871) ~[main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService.runTasks(MasterService.java:253) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.MasterService$Batcher.run(MasterService.java:153) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher.runIfNotProcessed(TaskBatcher.java:114) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.TaskBatcher$BatchedTask.run(TaskBatcher.java:170) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext$ContextPreservingRunnable.run(ThreadContext.java:714) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.runAndClean(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:260) [main/:?]
  1>   at org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor$TieBreakingPrioritizedRunnable.run(PrioritizedEsThreadPoolExecutor.java:223) [main/:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136) [?:?]
  1>   at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635) [?:?]
  1>   at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) [?:?]
```

### Steps to Reproduce

I've created an IT to reproduce this issue in [#85551](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/85551), steps can be described as following:
- put repository using `RestPutRepository` API and make sure non-master node failed to create repository.
- restart master let one of the previous non-master node become master
- put the same repository using the `RestPutRepository` API.

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/repositories/RepositoriesServiceTests.java
var repoName = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(10, 25);
        var request = new PutRepositoryRequest().name(repoName).type("unknown");
        repositoriesService.registerRepository(request, new ActionListener<>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(AcknowledgedResponse acknowledgedResponse) {
                fail("Should not register unknown repository type");
            }
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Exception e) {
                assertThatException(e, RepositoryException.class, equalTo("[" + repoName + "] repository type [unknown] does not exist"));
            }
        });
    }
    private ClusterState createClusterStateWithRepo(String repoName, String repoType) {
        ClusterState.Builder state = ClusterState.builder(new ClusterName("test"));
        Metadata.Builder mdBuilder = Metadata.builder();
        mdBuilder.putCustom(
            RepositoriesMetadata.TYPE,
            new RepositoriesMetadata(Collections.singletonList(new RepositoryMetadata(repoName, repoType, Settings.EMPTY)))
        );
        state.metadata(mdBuilder);
        return state.build();
    }
    private ClusterState emptyState() {
        return ClusterState.builder(new ClusterName("test")).build();
    }
    private void assertThrowsOnRegister(String repoName) {
        expectThrows(RepositoryException.class, () -> repositoriesService.registerRepository(new PutRepositoryRequest(repoName), null));
    }
    private static class TestRepository implements Repository {