### Elasticsearch Version

8.5.0

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

Linux 9b4c50a443c1 5.15.0-52-generic #58-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 13 08:03:55 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

### Problem Description

In 8.5, _nodes/stats returns a failure message if the node has closed indices. In previous versions, it works.
Please see steps to reproduce.

### Steps to Reproduce

```
$ curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/test_index
$ curl http://localhost:9200/_nodes/stats  # <- it works
$ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/test_index/_close
$ curl http://localhost:9200/_nodes/stats
{
  "_nodes": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 0,
    "failed": 1,
    "failures": [
      {
        "type": "failed_node_exception",
        "reason": "Failed node [...]",
        "node_id": "...",
        "caused_by": {
          "type": "null_pointer_exception",
          "reason": "Cannot invoke \"org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.MapperService.mappingLookup()\" because the return value of \"org.elasticsearch.index.IndexService.mapperService()\" is null"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cluster_name": "...",
  "nodes": {}
}
```

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexService.java
continue;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("unknown state: " + shard.state());
            }
        }
    }
    private void maybeSyncGlobalCheckpoints() {
        sync(is -> is.maybeSyncGlobalCheckpoint("background"), "global checkpoint");
    }
    private void syncRetentionLeases() {
        sync(IndexShard::syncRetentionLeases, "retention lease");
    }
    private void sync(final Consumer<IndexShard> sync, final String source) {
        for (final IndexShard shard : this.shards.values()) {
            if (shard.routingEntry().active() && shard.routingEntry().primary()) {
                switch (shard.state()) {
                    case CLOSED:
                    case CREATED:
                    case RECOVERING:
                        continue;
                    case POST_RECOVERY:
                        assert false : "shard " + shard.shardId() + " is in post-recovery but marked as active";
                        continue;
                    case STARTED:
                        try {
                            shard.runUnderPrimaryPermit(() -> sync.accept(shard), e -> {
                                if (e instanceof AlreadyClosedException == false
                                    && e instanceof IndexShardClosedException == false
                                    && e instanceof ShardNotInPrimaryModeException == false) {
                                    logger.warn(() -> format("%s failed to execute %s sync", shard.shardId(), source), e);