**Build scan:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/w4dh5sg6toqlo/tests/:x-pack:plugin:security:test/org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.ApiKeyServiceTests/testGetApiKeyMetadata

**Reproduction line:**
`./gradlew ':x-pack:plugin:security:test' --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.ApiKeyServiceTests.testGetApiKeyMetadata" -Dtests.seed=D2A31D0E7EEA67F7 -Dtests.locale=ar-TN -Dtests.timezone=America/Mexico_City -Druntime.java=17`

**Applicable branches:**
master

**Reproduces locally?:**
Yes

**Failure history:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/scans/tests?tests.container=org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.ApiKeyServiceTests&tests.test=testGetApiKeyMetadata

**Failure excerpt:**
```
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: Expected exception IllegalArgumentException but no exception was thrown

  at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([D2A31D0E7EEA67F7:358E73795187FC62]:0)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.LuceneTestCase.expectThrows(LuceneTestCase.java:2898)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.LuceneTestCase.expectThrows(LuceneTestCase.java:2884)
  at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.ApiKeyServiceTests.testGetApiKeyMetadata(ApiKeyServiceTests.java:1712)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.invoke(RandomizedRunner.java:1758)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$8.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:946)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$9.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:982)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$10.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:996)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleSetupTeardownChained$1.evaluate(TestRuleSetupTeardownChained.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleThreadAndTestName$1.evaluate(TestRuleThreadAndTestName.java:45)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:375)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.forkTimeoutingTask(ThreadLeakControl.java:824)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$3.evaluate(ThreadLeakControl.java:475)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.runSingleTest(RandomizedRunner.java:955)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$5.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:840)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$6.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:891)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$7.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:902)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleStoreClassName$1.evaluate(TestRuleStoreClassName.java:38)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleAssertionsRequired$1.evaluate(TestRuleAssertionsRequired.java:53)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites.java:47)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:375)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.lambda$forkTimeoutingTask$0(ThreadLeakControl.java:831)
  at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

```
x-pack/plugin/security/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/security/authc/ApiKeyServiceTests.java
final ThreadContext threadContext = threadPool.getThreadContext();
        try (ThreadContext.StoredContext ignore = threadContext.stashContext()) {
            final String header = "ApiKey " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString((id + ":" + key).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            threadContext.putHeader("Authorization", header);
            final PlainActionFuture<AuthenticationResult<User>> future = new PlainActionFuture<>();
            service.tryAuthenticate(threadContext, new ApiKeyCredentials(id, new SecureString(key.toCharArray())), future);
            final AuthenticationResult<User> auth = future.get();
            assertThat(auth, notNullValue());
            return auth;
        }
    }
    public void testValidateApiKey() throws Exception {
        final String apiKeyId = randomAlphaOfLength(12);
        final String apiKey = randomAlphaOfLength(16);
        Hasher hasher = getFastStoredHashAlgoForTests();
        final char[] hash = hasher.hash(new SecureString(apiKey.toCharArray()));
        ApiKeyDoc apiKeyDoc = buildApiKeyDoc(hash, -1, false);
        ApiKeyService service = createApiKeyService(Settings.EMPTY);
        PlainActionFuture<AuthenticationResult<User>> future = new PlainActionFuture<>();
        service.validateApiKeyCredentials(
            apiKeyId,
            apiKeyDoc,
            new ApiKeyCredentials(apiKeyId, new SecureString(apiKey.toCharArray())),
            Clock.systemUTC(),
            future
        );
        AuthenticationResult<User> result = future.get();
        assertNotNull(result);
        assertTrue(result.isAuthenticated());
        assertThat(result.getValue().principal(), is("test_user"));