### CI Link

https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/bhuomrfypovuq

### Repro line

gradlew :x-pack:plugin:security:test --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17

### Does it reproduce?

Yes

### Applicable branches

main

### Failure history

_No response_

### Failure excerpt

```
  2> REPRODUCE WITH: ./gradlew ':x-pack:plugin:security:test' --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17
  2> java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.util.HashMap cannot be cast to class org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference (java.util.HashMap is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap'; org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference is in unnamed module of loader 'app')
        at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([819240371E8B1C23:50D848AB4705CC]:0)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadataForApiKeyRoleDescriptors(Authentication.java:1093)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadata(Authentication.java:271)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteForOlderVersion(Authentication.java:232)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.buildUserToken(TokenServiceTests.java:941)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated(TokenServiceTests.java:437)
```
x-pack/plugin/core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/core/security/authc/Authentication.java
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.user.User;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.user.XPackSecurityUser;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.user.XPackUser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import static org.elasticsearch.common.Strings.EMPTY_ARRAY;
import static org.elasticsearch.xcontent.ConstructingObjectParser.constructorArg;
import static org.elasticsearch.xcontent.ConstructingObjectParser.optionalConstructorArg;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newAnonymousRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newApiKeyRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newInternalAttachRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newInternalFallbackRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newRemoteAccessRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.RealmRef.newServiceAccountRealmRef;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.ANONYMOUS_REALM_NAME;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.ANONYMOUS_REALM_TYPE;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.API_KEY_REALM_NAME;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.API_KEY_REALM_TYPE;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.ATTACH_REALM_NAME;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.ATTACH_REALM_TYPE;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.FALLBACK_REALM_NAME;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.AuthenticationField.FALLBACK_REALM_TYPE;