### Preflight Checklist

- [X] I have read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for this project.
- [X] I agree to follow the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) that this project adheres to.
- [X] I have searched the [issue tracker](https://www.github.com/electron/electron/issues) for a bug report that matches the one I want to file, without success.

### Electron Version

17.3.1, also affected: 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

### What operating system are you using?

macOS

### Operating System Version

12.3, also affected: Win, Linux

### What arch are you using?

x64

### Last Known Working Electron version

15.3.4

### Expected Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app should return `true`.

### Actual Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app returns `false`.

### Testcase Gist URL

https://gist.github.com/6d51100568b78f98c5177cb27d370f9f

### Additional Information

It seems that the issue only exists when setting the `userData` path to a non-existent folder (which is most likely the case when you start the app for the first time on a fresh computer). Subsequent starts result in correct behavior because the folder has been created by then. The issue was not present in E15 and below; I'll bisect further.

The issue becomes problematic when implementing a behavior as described [in the docs](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/app#apprequestsingleinstancelockadditionaldata) because the app will just quit on first start:
```js
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock(additionalData)
if (!gotTheLock) {
  app.quit()
} else {...
```

cc @miniak 

_funfact: this was a pain to debug since it crashed our CI in a very obscure way 😆_ 
shell/browser/api/electron_api_app.cc
} else {
      secure_dns_mode = net::SecureDnsMode::kSecure;
    }
    default_doh_templates = features::kDnsOverHttpsTemplatesParam.Get();
  }
  net::DnsOverHttpsConfig doh_config;
  if (!default_doh_templates.empty() &&
      secure_dns_mode != net::SecureDnsMode::kOff) {
    auto maybe_doh_config =
        net::DnsOverHttpsConfig::FromString(default_doh_templates);
    if (maybe_doh_config.has_value())
      doh_config = maybe_doh_config.value();
  }
  bool enable_built_in_resolver =
      base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kAsyncDns);
  bool additional_dns_query_types_enabled = true;
  if (opts.Has("enableBuiltInResolver") &&
      !opts.Get("enableBuiltInResolver", &enable_built_in_resolver)) {
    thrower.ThrowTypeError("enableBuiltInResolver must be a boolean");
    return;
  }
  if (opts.Has("secureDnsMode") &&
      !opts.Get("secureDnsMode", &secure_dns_mode)) {
    thrower.ThrowTypeError(
        "secureDnsMode must be one of: off, automatic, secure");
    return;
  }
  std::vector<std::string> secure_dns_server_strings;
  if (opts.Has("secureDnsServers")) {
    if (!opts.Get("secureDnsServers", &secure_dns_server_strings)) {