### Preflight Checklist

- [X] I have read the [Contributing Guidelines](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for this project.
- [X] I agree to follow the [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) that this project adheres to.
- [X] I have searched the [issue tracker](https://www.github.com/electron/electron/issues) for a bug report that matches the one I want to file, without success.

### Electron Version

17.3.1, also affected: 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

### What operating system are you using?

macOS

### Operating System Version

12.3, also affected: Win, Linux

### What arch are you using?

x64

### Last Known Working Electron version

15.3.4

### Expected Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app should return `true`.

### Actual Behavior

Requesting `app.requestSingleInstanceLock()` on first start of the app returns `false`.

### Testcase Gist URL

https://gist.github.com/6d51100568b78f98c5177cb27d370f9f

### Additional Information

It seems that the issue only exists when setting the `userData` path to a non-existent folder (which is most likely the case when you start the app for the first time on a fresh computer). Subsequent starts result in correct behavior because the folder has been created by then. The issue was not present in E15 and below; I'll bisect further.

The issue becomes problematic when implementing a behavior as described [in the docs](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/app#apprequestsingleinstancelockadditionaldata) because the app will just quit on first start:
```js
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock(additionalData)
if (!gotTheLock) {
  app.quit()
} else {...
```

cc @miniak 

_funfact: this was a pain to debug since it crashed our CI in a very obscure way 😆_ 
shell/browser/api/electron_api_app.cc
static_cast<ElectronBrowserClient*>(ElectronBrowserClient::Get())
      ->set_delegate(this);
  Browser::Get()->AddObserver(this);
  auto pid = content::ChildProcessHost::kInvalidUniqueID;
  auto process_metric = std::make_unique<electron::ProcessMetric>(
      content::PROCESS_TYPE_BROWSER, base::GetCurrentProcessHandle(),
      base::ProcessMetrics::CreateCurrentProcessMetrics());
  app_metrics_[pid] = std::move(process_metric);
}
App::~App() {
  static_cast<ElectronBrowserClient*>(ElectronBrowserClient::Get())
      ->set_delegate(nullptr);
  Browser::Get()->RemoveObserver(this);
  content::GpuDataManager::GetInstance()->RemoveObserver(this);
  content::BrowserChildProcessObserver::Remove(this);
}
void App::OnBeforeQuit(bool* prevent_default) {
  if (Emit("before-quit")) {
    *prevent_default = true;
  }
}
void App::OnWillQuit(bool* prevent_default) {