Currently it is possible to stupidly lose mempool data by calling the rpc "savemempool" before the previous stored mempool has been read and processed to the memory mempool.

I haven't looked at the code yet, but at minimum one ugly solution would be to have a global g_is_mempool_read_finished (or something of the short) that starts false and gets sets to true once the reading is reading processing of mempool.dat is successfully finished. The rpc savemempool checks this global on the start and returns a an error while it remains false.

strLoadError = _("Error initializing block database");
                        break;
                    }
                    assert(chainActive.Tip() != nullptr);
                }
                if (!fReset) {
                    
                    
                    
                    uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Rewinding blocks..."));
                    if (!RewindBlockIndex(chainparams)) {
                        strLoadError = _("Unable to rewind the database to a pre-fork state. You will need to redownload the blockchain");
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!is_coinsview_empty) {
                    uiInterface.InitMessage(_("Verifying blocks..."));
                    if (fHavePruned && gArgs.GetArg("-checkblocks", DEFAULT_CHECKBLOCKS) > MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP) {
                        LogPrintf("Prune: pruned datadir may not have more than %d blocks; only checking available blocks\n",
                            MIN_BLOCKS_TO_KEEP);
                    }
                    CBlockIndex* tip = chainActive.Tip();
                    RPCNotifyBlockChange(true, tip);
                    if (tip && tip->nTime > GetAdjustedTime() + 2 * 60 * 60) {
                        strLoadError = _("The block database contains a block which appears to be from the future. "
                                "This may be due to your computer's date and time being set incorrectly. "
                                "Only rebuild the block database if you are sure that your computer's date and time are correct");
                        break;
                    }
                    if (!CVerifyDB().VerifyDB(chainparams, pcoinsdbview.get(), gArgs.GetArg("-checklevel", DEFAULT_CHECKLEVEL),