### Website or app

https://travel.testsigma.com/

### Repro steps

https://travel.testsigma.com/

### How often does this bug happen?

Every time

### DevTools package (automated)

react-devtools-extensions

### DevTools version (automated)

4.27.6-7f8c501f6

### Error message (automated)

Cannot remove node "226752" because no matching node was found in the Store.

### Error call stack (automated)

```text
at chrome-extension://fmkadmapgofadopljbjfkapdkoienihi/build/main.js:28710:43
    at bridge_Bridge.emit (chrome-extension://fmkadmapgofadopljbjfkapdkoienihi/build/main.js:26606:22)
    at chrome-extension://fmkadmapgofadopljbjfkapdkoienihi/build/main.js:26775:14
    at listener (chrome-extension://fmkadmapgofadopljbjfkapdkoienihi/build/main.js:57029:39)
```


### Error component stack (automated)

_No response_

### GitHub query string (automated)

```text
https://api.github.com/search/issues?q=Cannot remove node  because no matching node was found in the Store. in:title is:issue is:open is:public label:"Component: Developer Tools" repo:facebook/react
```

const id = getFiberIDThrows(fiber);
       $
      const prevContexts = idToContextsMap.has(id)
        ?  $
          idToContextsMap.get(id)
        : null;
      const nextContexts = getContextsForFiber(fiber);
      if (prevContexts == null || nextContexts == null) {
        return null;
      }
      const [prevLegacyContext, prevModernContext] = prevContexts;
      const [nextLegacyContext, nextModernContext] = nextContexts;
      switch (getElementTypeForFiber(fiber)) {
        case ElementTypeClass:
          if (prevContexts && nextContexts) {
            if (nextLegacyContext !== NO_CONTEXT) {
              return getChangedKeys(prevLegacyContext, nextLegacyContext);
            } else if (nextModernContext !== NO_CONTEXT) {
              return prevModernContext !== nextModernContext;