Given
```js
function ThrowInEffect() {
  React.useEffect(() => {
    throw new Error('passive effect')
  }, [])
  return null;
}
```

In React 17 this error got logged to the console (and triggered the error overlay in create-react-app) regardless of whether `ThrowInEffect` was a child of an Error Boundary or not.

In React 18 (`createRoot` and legacy root API) an Error Boundary will prevent logging that error to the console (and not trigger the error overlay in create-react-app).

Errors during render work like they did in React 17.

Behavior in React 17: https://codesandbox.io/s/react-17-error-boundaries-vp21e?file=/src/index.js
Behavior in React 18: https://codesandbox.io/s/react-18-error-boundaries-psd56?file=/src/index.js


Recording of effect errors in React 17 and 18 and with and without Error Boundaries_

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/12292047/122749780-053ced00-d28e-11eb-98ce-075dcdc53ee2.mp4


const updateQueue: Queue<
          *,
        > | null = (finishedWork.updateQueue: any);
        if (updateQueue !== null) {
          if (__DEV__) {
            if (
              finishedWork.type === finishedWork.elementType &&
              !didWarnAboutReassigningProps
            ) {
              if (instance.props !== finishedWork.memoizedProps) {
                console.error(
                  'Expected %s props to match memoized props before ' +
                    'processing the update queue. ' +
                    'This might either be because of a bug in React, or because ' +
                    'a component reassigns its own `this.props`. ' +
                    'Please file an issue.',
                  getComponentNameFromFiber(finishedWork) || 'instance',
                );
              }
              if (instance.state !== finishedWork.memoizedState) {
                console.error(
                  'Expected %s state to match memoized state before ' +
                    'processing the update queue. ' +
                    'This might either be because of a bug in React, or because ' +
                    'a component reassigns its own `this.state`. ' +
                    'Please file an issue.',
                  getComponentNameFromFiber(finishedWork) || 'instance',
                );