This is related to #14150 and possibly others, but it's actually a separate issue.

For instance, when using the following query:
`bitcoin-cli scantxoutset start '[{"desc":"wpkh(xpubABCDEF/0/*)", "range":100}]'`
I can get a list of UTXOs, but no way to get back the index which derived that particular UTXO. So it's not much better than deriving on the user side and specifying addresses one by one, so that I already have a cache of addresses to match.

Not sure what the solution looks like. One way is to repeat the full descriptor in the utxo. That might get verbose though.
std::vector<std::string> keys = sendTo.getKeys();
    for (const std::string& name_ : keys) {
        CTxDestination dest = DecodeDestination(name_);
        if (!IsValidDestination(dest)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, std::string("Invalid Bitcoin address: ") + name_);
        }
        if (destinations.count(dest)) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, std::string("Invalid parameter, duplicated address: ") + name_);
        }
        destinations.insert(dest);
        CScript scriptPubKey = GetScriptForDestination(dest);
        CAmount nAmount = AmountFromValue(sendTo[name_]);
        if (nAmount <= 0)
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_TYPE_ERROR, "Invalid amount for send");
        totalAmount += nAmount;
        bool fSubtractFeeFromAmount = false;
        for (unsigned int idx = 0; idx < subtractFeeFromAmount.size(); idx++) {
            const UniValue& addr = subtractFeeFromAmount[idx];
            if (addr.get_str() == name_)
                fSubtractFeeFromAmount = true;
        }
        CRecipient recipient = {scriptPubKey, nAmount, fSubtractFeeFromAmount};
        vecSend.push_back(recipient);
    }
    EnsureWalletIsUnlocked(pwallet);
    
    if (totalAmount > pwallet->GetLegacyBalance(ISMINE_SPENDABLE, nMinDepth)) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_WALLET_INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS, "Wallet has insufficient funds");
    }