I discovered a race condition in sendrawtransaction. For details: see my comment in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/1d46fe3327f6645fd79b442cd72ef422418c1a50.

If you send a raw transaction which has already been broadcasted, then you don't know whether you'll receive an RPC_TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN exception, since you don't know whether a new block has just been received, which includes the transaction. There are use cases where such RPC_TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN occurrences do not indicate an error; however, since this type of occurrence is very rare, developers are not likely to be aware of the possibility, and silence the exception. As a result, applications can potentially experience hard-to-diagnose, very rare errors.

I think the core of the problem is that sendrawtransaction tries to combine two use cases:
A: publish a transaction on the Bitcoin network
B: re-transmit an already known transaction to peers
RPC_TRANSACTION_ALREADY_IN_CHAIN might make sense for B, but for A (which is, IMHO, the primary use case) it is confusing.

HelpExampleCli("signrawtransactionwithkey", "\"myhex\" \"[\\\"key1\\\",\\\"key2\\\"]\"")
            + HelpExampleRpc("signrawtransactionwithkey", "\"myhex\", \"[\\\"key1\\\",\\\"key2\\\"]\"")
                },
        [&](const RPCHelpMan& self, const JSONRPCRequest& request) -> UniValue
{
    RPCTypeCheck(request.params, {UniValue::VSTR, UniValue::VARR, UniValue::VARR, UniValue::VSTR}, true);
    CMutableTransaction mtx;
    if (!DecodeHexTx(mtx, request.params[0].get_str())) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DESERIALIZATION_ERROR, "TX decode failed. Make sure the tx has at least one input.");
    }
    FillableSigningProvider keystore;
    const UniValue& keys = request.params[1].get_array();
    for (unsigned int idx = 0; idx < keys.size(); ++idx) {
        UniValue k = keys[idx];
        CKey key = DecodeSecret(k.get_str());
        if (!key.IsValid()) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_ADDRESS_OR_KEY, "Invalid private key");
        }
        keystore.AddKey(key);
    }
    
    std::map<COutPoint, Coin> coins;
    for (const CTxIn& txin : mtx.vin) {
        coins[txin.prevout]; 
    }
    NodeContext& node = EnsureNodeContext(request.context);
    FindCoins(node, coins);
    
    ParsePrevouts(request.params[2], &keystore, coins);
    UniValue result(UniValue::VOBJ);