Specifically `An update to * inside a test was not wrapped in act(...)` is not logged when a prior update threw. 

<details>
<summary>failing test (#21766)</summary>

```js
// @gate __DEV__
it('warns if a setState is called outside of act(...) after a component threw', () => {
  let setValue = null;
  function App({defaultValue}) {
    if (defaultValue === undefined) {
      throw new Error();
    }
    const [value, _setValue] = React.useState(defaultValue);
    setValue = _setValue;
    return value;
  }

  expect(() => {
    act(() => {
      render(<App defaultValue={undefined} />, container);
    });
  }).toThrow();

  act(() => {
    rerender(<App defaultValue={0} />, container);
  });

  expect(() => setValue(1)).toErrorDev([
    'An update to App inside a test was not wrapped in act(...).',
  ]);
});
```
</details>

What I noticed is that in https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/27c9c95e23ddedb9163373950e364dd62038f6c0/packages/react-reconciler/src/ReactFiberWorkLoop.new.js#L2855-L2865
the `executionContext` will still equal `RetryAfterError` when we would expect a "missing act" warning.

"missing act" warnings are working as expected with legacy roots.
React.useEffect(() => {}, []);
      return null;
    }
    it('does not warn in legacy mode', () => {
      expect(() => {
        ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.createElement('div'));
      }).toErrorDev([]);
    });
    it('warns in strict mode', () => {
      expect(() => {
        ReactDOM.render(
          <React.StrictMode>
            <App />
          </React.StrictMode>,
          document.createElement('div'),
        );
      }).toErrorDev([
        'An update to App ran an effect, but was not wrapped in act(...)',
      ]);
    });
    it('does not warn in concurrent mode', () => {
      const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.createElement('div'));
      root.render(<App />);
      Scheduler.unstable_flushAll();
    });
    it('warns in concurrent mode if root is strict', () => {
      expect(() => {
        const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.createElement('div'), {