### Body

The `--package-filter` while nice in theory to specify which packages to build, has quite bad UX (lots of repetitions when specifying multiple packages, long package names. We practically (except `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-*` never use the functionality of the filter with glob patterns.

It's much more practical to use "short" package names ("apache.hdfs" rather that `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-apache-hdfs` and we already use it in a few places in Breeze. 

We should likely replace all the places when we use `--package-filter` with those short names, add a special alias for `all-providers` and this should help our users who build documentation and release manager to do their work faster and nicer. 

This would also allow to remove the separate ./dev/provider_packages/publish_provider_documentation.sh  bash script that is aimed to do somethign similar in a "hacky way".

### Committer

- [X] I acknowledge that I am a maintainer/committer of the Apache Airflow project.
if package_filters:
        console.print("Current package filters: ", package_filters)
    current_packages = process_package_filters(available_packages, package_filters)
    with with_group("Fetching inventories"):
        
        
        packages_without_inventories = fetch_inventories()
    normal_packages, priority_packages = partition(
        lambda d: d in packages_without_inventories, current_packages
    )
    normal_packages, priority_packages = list(normal_packages), list(priority_packages)
    jobs = args.jobs if args.jobs != 0 else os.cpu_count()
    with with_group(
        f"Documentation will be built for {len(current_packages)} package(s) with {jobs} parallel jobs"
    ):
        for pkg_no, pkg in enumerate(current_packages, start=1):
            console.print(f"{pkg_no}. {pkg}")
    all_build_errors: dict[str | None, list[DocBuildError]] = {}
    all_spelling_errors: dict[str | None, list[SpellingError]] = {}
    if priority_packages:
        
        package_build_errors, package_spelling_errors = build_docs_for_packages(
            current_packages=priority_packages,
            docs_only=docs_only,
            spellcheck_only=spellcheck_only,
            jobs=jobs,
            verbose=args.verbose,
        )
        if package_build_errors:
            all_build_errors.update(package_build_errors)