### Apache Airflow version

2.6.3

### What happened

A task instance's [log_url](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/2.6.3/airflow/models/taskinstance.py#L726) does not contain the full URL defined in [base_url](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/2.6.3/airflow/models/taskinstance.py#L729C9-L729C69).

### What you think should happen instead

The base_url may contain paths that should be acknowledged when build the log_url. 

The log_url is built with [urljoin](https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urljoin). Due to how urljoin builds URLs, any existing paths are ignored leading to a faulty URL. 

### How to reproduce

This snippet showcases how urljoin ignores existing paths when building the url.

```
>>> from urllib.parse import urljoin
>>> 
>>> 
>>> urljoin(
...     "https://my.astronomer.run/path",
...     f"log?execution_date=test"
...     f"&task_id=wow"
...     f"&dag_id=super"
...     f"&map_index=-1",
... )
'https://eochgroup.astronomer.run/log?execution_date=test&task_id=wow&dag_id=super&map_index=-1'
```

### Operating System

n/a

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Astronomer

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

This was introduced by #31833.

A way to fix this can be to utilize [urlsplit](https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urlsplit) and [urlunsplit](https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.urlunsplit) to account for existing paths.

```
from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit

parts = urlsplit("https://my.astronomer.run/paths")
urlunsplit((
        parts.scheme,
        parts.netloc,
        f"{parts.path}/log",
        f"execution_date=test"
        f"&task_id=wow"
        f"&dag_id=super"
        f"&map_index=-1",
        ""
    )
)
```

Here is the fix in action.

```
>>> parts = urlsplit("https://my.astronomer.run/paths")
>>> urlunsplit((
...     parts.scheme,
...     parts.netloc,
...     f"{parts.path}/log",
...     f"execution_date=test"
...     f"&task_id=wow"
...     f"&dag_id=super"
...     f"&map_index=-1",
...     ''))
'https://my.astronomer.run/paths/log?execution_date=test&task_id=wow&dag_id=super&map_index=-1'
>>>
>>> parts = urlsplit("https://my.astronomer.run/paths/test")
>>> urlunsplit((
...     parts.scheme,
...     parts.netloc,
...     f"{parts.path}/log",
...     f"execution_date=test"
...     f"&task_id=wow"
...     f"&dag_id=super"
...     f"&map_index=-1",
...     ''))
'https://my.astronomer.run/paths/test/log?execution_date=test&task_id=wow&dag_id=super&map_index=-1'
```

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"""
        Return the try number that this task number will be when it is actually run.
        If the TaskInstance is currently running, this will match the column in the
        database, in all other cases this will be incremented.
        """
        
        if self.state == TaskInstanceState.RUNNING:
            return self._try_number
        return self._try_number + 1
    @try_number.setter
    def try_number(self, value: int) -> None:
        self._try_number = value
    @property
    def prev_attempted_tries(self) -> int:
        """
        Calculate the number of previously attempted tries, defaulting to 0.
        Expose this for the Task Tries and Gantt graph views.
        Using `try_number` throws off the counts for non-running tasks.
        Also useful in error logging contexts to get the try number for the last try that was attempted.
        https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AIRFLOW-2143
        """
        return self._try_number
    @property
    def next_try_number(self) -> int:
        return self._try_number + 1
    @property
    def operator_name(self) -> str | None: