### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

Changing a non-mapped task with task instance note and task reschedule to a mapped task crashes scheduler when the task is cleared for rerun. Related commit where a similar fix was done.

commit a770edfac493f3972c10a43e45bcd0e7cfaea65f
Author: Ephraim Anierobi <splendidzigy24@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 20 20:45:25 2023 +0100

    Fix Scheduler crash when clear a previous run of a normal task that is now a mapped task (#29645)
    
    The fix was to clear the db references of the taskinstances in XCom, RenderedTaskInstanceFields
    and TaskFail. That way, we are able to run the mapped tasks

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

1. Create below dag file with BashOperator non-mapped.
2. Schedule a dag run and wait for it to finish.
3. Add a task instance note to bash operator.
4. Change t1 to ` t1 = BashOperator.partial(task_id="bash").expand(bash_command=command)` and return `["echo hello"]` from get_command.
5. Restart the scheduler and clear the task. 
6. scheduler crashes on trying to use map_index though foreign key reference exists to task instance note and task reschedule.

```python
import datetime

from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.decorators import task

with DAG(dag_id="bash_simple", start_date=datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1), schedule=None, catchup=False) as dag:

    @task
    def get_command(arg1, arg2):
        return "echo hello"

    command = get_command(1, 1)
    t1 = BashOperator(task_id="bash", bash_command=command)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dag.test()

```

### Operating System

Ubuntu

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

else:
            if self.state == State.QUEUED:
                
                self._try_number += 1
            self.state = State.UP_FOR_RETRY
            email_for_state = operator.attrgetter("email_on_retry")
            callbacks = task.on_retry_callback if task else None
            callback_type = "on_retry"
        self._log_state("Immediate failure requested. " if force_fail else "")
        if task and email_for_state(task) and task.email:
            try:
                self.email_alert(error, task)
            except Exception:
                self.log.exception("Failed to send email to: %s", task.email)
        if callbacks and context:
            self._run_finished_callback(callbacks, context, callback_type)
        if not test_mode:
            session.merge(self)
            session.flush()
    def is_eligible_to_retry(self):
        """Is task instance is eligible for retry."""
        if self.state == State.RESTARTING:
            
            
            return True
        if not getattr(self, "task", None):
            
            return self.try_number <= self.max_tries
        return self.task.retries and self.try_number <= self.max_tries
    def get_template_context(