### Apache Airflow version

Other Airflow 2 version (please specify below)

### What happened

When running a DAG that is structured like:
```
@dag{dag_id="my_dag", default_args={"retries":0"}}
def dag():
    op = MyOperator.partial(task_id="my_task", retries=3).expand(...)
```

The following test fails:
```
    def test_retries(self) -> None:
        dag_bag = DagBag(dag_folder=DAG_FOLDER, include_examples=False)
        dag = dag_bag.dags["my_dag"]
        for task in dag.tasks:
            if "my_task" in task.task_id:
                self.assertEqual(3, task.retries) # fails - this is 0
```

When printing out `task.partial_kwargs`, and looking at how the default args and partial args are merged, it seems like the default args are always taking precedence, even though in the `partial` global function, the `retries` do get set later on with the task-level parameter value. This doesn't seem to be respected though.

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

If you run my above unit test for a test DAG, on version 2.4.3, it should show up as a test failure.

### Operating System

OS Ventura

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Google Cloud Composer

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"""
        Get list of the direct relatives to the current task, upstream or
        downstream.
        """
        if upstream:
            return self.upstream_list
        else:
            return self.downstream_list
    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Task({self.task_type}): {self.task_id}>".format(self=self)
    @property
    def operator_class(self) -> type[BaseOperator]:  
        return self.__class__
    @property
    def task_type(self) -> str:
        """@property: type of the task"""
        return self.__class__.__name__
    @property
    def operator_name(self) -> str:
        """@property: use a more friendly display name for the operator, if set"""
        try:
            return self.custom_operator_name  
        except AttributeError:
            return self.task_type
    @property
    def roots(self) -> list[BaseOperator]:
        """Required by DAGNode."""
        return [self]
    @property
    def leaves(self) -> list[BaseOperator]: