### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

Changing a non-mapped task with task instance note and task reschedule to a mapped task crashes scheduler when the task is cleared for rerun. Related commit where a similar fix was done.

commit a770edfac493f3972c10a43e45bcd0e7cfaea65f
Author: Ephraim Anierobi <splendidzigy24@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 20 20:45:25 2023 +0100

    Fix Scheduler crash when clear a previous run of a normal task that is now a mapped task (#29645)
    
    The fix was to clear the db references of the taskinstances in XCom, RenderedTaskInstanceFields
    and TaskFail. That way, we are able to run the mapped tasks

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

1. Create below dag file with BashOperator non-mapped.
2. Schedule a dag run and wait for it to finish.
3. Add a task instance note to bash operator.
4. Change t1 to ` t1 = BashOperator.partial(task_id="bash").expand(bash_command=command)` and return `["echo hello"]` from get_command.
5. Restart the scheduler and clear the task. 
6. scheduler crashes on trying to use map_index though foreign key reference exists to task instance note and task reschedule.

```python
import datetime

from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.decorators import task

with DAG(dag_id="bash_simple", start_date=datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1), schedule=None, catchup=False) as dag:

    @task
    def get_command(arg1, arg2):
        return "echo hello"

    command = get_command(1, 1)
    t1 = BashOperator(task_id="bash", bash_command=command)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dag.test()

```

### Operating System

Ubuntu

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
                run_id=f"test__{execution_date.isoformat()}",
                run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
                state=state,
                execution_date=execution_date,
                start_date=pendulum.now("UTC"),
            )
            ti = dr.task_instances[0]
            ti.task = task
            ti.set_state(state=State.SUCCESS, session=dag_maker.session)
            return ti
        date = cast(pendulum.DateTime, pendulum.parse("2019-01-01T00:00:00+00:00"))
        ret = []
        for idx, state in enumerate(scenario):
            new_date = date.add(days=idx)
            ti = get_test_ti(new_date, state)
            ret.append(ti)
        return ret
    _prev_dates_param_list = [
        pytest.param("0 0 * * * ", True, id="cron/catchup"),
        pytest.param("0 0 * * *", False, id="cron/no-catchup"),
        pytest.param(None, True, id="no-sched/catchup"),
        pytest.param(None, False, id="no-sched/no-catchup"),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), True, id="timedelta/catchup"),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), False, id="timedelta/no-catchup"),
    ]
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_ti(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None: