### Apache Airflow version

2.6.1

### What happened

I have a short circuit task which is in a task group that is expanded. The task work correctly when it returns true but the task fails when it returns false with the following error:
```
sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (psycopg2.errors.ForeignKeyViolation) insert or update on table "xcom" violates foreign key constraint "xcom_task_instance_fkey"
DETAIL:  Key (dag_id, task_id, run_id, map_index)=(pipeline_output_to_s3, transfer_output_file.already_in_manifest_short_circuit, manual__2023-05-24T20:21:35.420606+00:00, -1) is not present in table "task_instance".
```

It looks like it sets the map-index to -1 when false is returned which is causing the issue. 
If one task fails this way in the the task group, all other mapped tasks fail as well, even if the short circuit returns true.
When this error occurs, all subsequent DAG runs will be stuck indefinitely in the running state unless the DAG is deleted.

### What you think should happen instead

Returning false from the short circuit operator should skip downstream tasks without affecting other task groups / map indexes or subsequent DAG runs. 

### How to reproduce

include a short circuit operator in a mapped task group and have it return false.

### Operating System

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Official Apache Airflow Helm Chart

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

assert set(PythonOperator.template_fields).issubset(PythonVirtualenvOperator.template_fields)
    def test_fail(self):
        def f():
            raise Exception
        with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
            self.run_as_task(f)
    def test_string_args(self):
        def f():
            global virtualenv_string_args
            print(virtualenv_string_args)
            if virtualenv_string_args[0] != virtualenv_string_args[2]:
                raise Exception
        self.run_as_task(f, string_args=[1, 2, 1])
    def test_with_args(self):
        def f(a, b, c=False, d=False):
            if a == 0 and b == 1 and c and not d:
                return True
            else:
                raise Exception
        self.run_as_task(f, op_args=[0, 1], op_kwargs={"c": True})
    def test_return_none(self):