### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

Changing a non-mapped task with task instance note and task reschedule to a mapped task crashes scheduler when the task is cleared for rerun. Related commit where a similar fix was done.

commit a770edfac493f3972c10a43e45bcd0e7cfaea65f
Author: Ephraim Anierobi <splendidzigy24@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 20 20:45:25 2023 +0100

    Fix Scheduler crash when clear a previous run of a normal task that is now a mapped task (#29645)
    
    The fix was to clear the db references of the taskinstances in XCom, RenderedTaskInstanceFields
    and TaskFail. That way, we are able to run the mapped tasks

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

1. Create below dag file with BashOperator non-mapped.
2. Schedule a dag run and wait for it to finish.
3. Add a task instance note to bash operator.
4. Change t1 to ` t1 = BashOperator.partial(task_id="bash").expand(bash_command=command)` and return `["echo hello"]` from get_command.
5. Restart the scheduler and clear the task. 
6. scheduler crashes on trying to use map_index though foreign key reference exists to task instance note and task reschedule.

```python
import datetime

from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.decorators import task

with DAG(dag_id="bash_simple", start_date=datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1), schedule=None, catchup=False) as dag:

    @task
    def get_command(arg1, arg2):
        return "echo hello"

    command = get_command(1, 1)
    t1 = BashOperator(task_id="bash", bash_command=command)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dag.test()

```

### Operating System

Ubuntu

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"external_executor_id": "some_executor_id",
            "trigger_timeout": None,
            "trigger_id": None,
            "next_kwargs": None,
            "next_method": None,
            "updated_at": None,
        }
        
        expected_keys = {f"task_instance.{key.lstrip('_')}" for key in expected_values}
        assert {str(c) for c in TI.__table__.columns} == expected_keys, (
            "Please add all non-foreign values of TaskInstance to this list. "
            "This prevents refresh_from_db() from missing a field."
        )
        ti = create_task_instance(task_id=expected_values["task_id"], dag_id=expected_values["dag_id"])
        for key, expected_value in expected_values.items():
            setattr(ti, key, expected_value)
        with create_session() as session:
            session.merge(ti)
            session.commit()
        mock_task = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_task.task_id = expected_values["task_id"]
        mock_task.dag_id = expected_values["dag_id"]
        ti = TI(task=mock_task, run_id="test")
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        for key, expected_value in expected_values.items():
            assert hasattr(ti, key), f"Key {key} is missing in the TaskInstance."
            assert (
                getattr(ti, key) == expected_value
            ), f"Key: {key} had different values. Make sure it loads it in the refresh refresh_from_db()"
    def test_operator_field_with_serialization(self, create_task_instance):