### Apache Airflow version

2.5.1

### What happened

If an Operator specifies a template_field with `execution_timeout` then the DAG will serialize correctly but throw an error during deserialization. This causes the entire scheduler to crash and breaks the application.

### What you think should happen instead

The scheduler should never go down because of some code someone wrote, this should probably throw an error during serialization.

### How to reproduce

Define an operator like this
```
class ExecutionTimeoutOperator(BaseOperator):
    template_fields = ("execution_timeout", )

    def __init__(self, execution_timeout: timedelta, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.execution_timeout = execution_timeout
```
then make a dag like this
```
dag = DAG(
    "serialize_with_default",
    schedule_interval="0 12 * * *",
    start_date=datetime(2023, 2, 28),
    catchup=False,
    default_args={
        "execution_timeout": timedelta(days=4),
    },
)

with dag:
    execution = ExecutionTimeoutOperator(task_id="execution", execution_timeout=timedelta(hours=1))
```
that will break the scheduler, you can force the stack trace by doing this
```
from airflow.models import DagBag
db = DagBag('dags/', read_dags_from_db=True)
db.get_dag('serialize_with_default')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/utils/session.py", line 75, in wrapper
    return func(*args, session=session, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/models/dagbag.py", line 190, in get_dag
    self._add_dag_from_db(dag_id=dag_id, session=session)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/models/dagbag.py", line 265, in _add_dag_from_db
    dag = row.dag
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/models/serialized_dag.py", line 218, in dag
    dag = SerializedDAG.from_dict(self.data)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 1287, in from_dict
    return cls.deserialize_dag(serialized_obj["dag"])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 1194, in deserialize_dag
    v = {task["task_id"]: SerializedBaseOperator.deserialize_operator(task) for task in v}
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 1194, in <dictcomp>
    v = {task["task_id"]: SerializedBaseOperator.deserialize_operator(task) for task in v}
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 955, in deserialize_operator
    cls.populate_operator(op, encoded_op)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 864, in populate_operator
    v = cls._deserialize_timedelta(v)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/airflow/serialization/serialized_objects.py", line 513, in _deserialize_timedelta
    return datetime.timedelta(seconds=seconds)
TypeError: unsupported type for timedelta seconds component: str
```

### Operating System

Mac 13.1 (22C65)

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

apache-airflow-providers-amazon==5.1.0
apache-airflow-providers-apache-hdfs==3.2.0
apache-airflow-providers-apache-hive==5.1.1
apache-airflow-providers-apache-spark==4.0.0
apache-airflow-providers-celery==3.1.0
apache-airflow-providers-cncf-kubernetes==5.1.1
apache-airflow-providers-common-sql==1.3.3
apache-airflow-providers-datadog==3.1.0
apache-airflow-providers-ftp==3.3.0
apache-airflow-providers-http==4.1.1
apache-airflow-providers-imap==3.1.1
apache-airflow-providers-jdbc==3.3.0
apache-airflow-providers-jenkins==3.2.0
apache-airflow-providers-mysql==4.0.0
apache-airflow-providers-pagerduty==3.1.0
apache-airflow-providers-postgres==5.4.0
apache-airflow-providers-presto==4.2.1
apache-airflow-providers-slack==7.2.0
apache-airflow-providers-sqlite==3.3.1
apache-airflow-providers-ssh==3.4.0

### Deployment

Docker-Compose

### Deployment details

I could repro this with docker-compose and in a helm backed deployment so I don't think it's really related to the deployment details

### Anything else

In the serialization code there are two pieces of logic that are in
direct conflict with each other. The first dictates how template fields
are serialized, from the code

```
# Store all template_fields as they are if there are JSON Serializable
# If not, store them as strings
```

and the second special cases a few names of arguments that need to be
deserialized in a specific way

```
elif k in {"retry_delay", "execution_timeout", "sla", "max_retry_delay"}:
    v = cls._deserialize_timedelta(v)
```

so during serialization airflow sees that execution_timeout is a
template field, serializes it as a string, then during deserialization
it is a special name that forces the deserialization as timedelta and BOOM!

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"""Serializes a DAG into a JSON object."""
        try:
            serialized_dag = cls.serialize_to_json(dag, cls._decorated_fields)
            serialized_dag["_processor_dags_folder"] = DAGS_FOLDER
            
            
            if dag.timetable.summary == dag.schedule_interval:
                del serialized_dag["schedule_interval"]
            else:
                del serialized_dag["timetable"]
            serialized_dag["tasks"] = [cls.serialize(task) for _, task in dag.task_dict.items()]
            dag_deps = {
                dep
                for task in dag.task_dict.values()
                for dep in SerializedBaseOperator.detect_dependencies(task)
            }
            dag_deps.update(DependencyDetector.detect_dag_dependencies(dag))
            serialized_dag["dag_dependencies"] = [x.__dict__ for x in dag_deps]
            serialized_dag["_task_group"] = TaskGroupSerialization.serialize_task_group(dag.task_group)