### Apache Airflow version

Other Airflow 2 version (please specify below)

### What happened

When running a DAG that is structured like:
```
@dag{dag_id="my_dag", default_args={"retries":0"}}
def dag():
    op = MyOperator.partial(task_id="my_task", retries=3).expand(...)
```

The following test fails:
```
    def test_retries(self) -> None:
        dag_bag = DagBag(dag_folder=DAG_FOLDER, include_examples=False)
        dag = dag_bag.dags["my_dag"]
        for task in dag.tasks:
            if "my_task" in task.task_id:
                self.assertEqual(3, task.retries) # fails - this is 0
```

When printing out `task.partial_kwargs`, and looking at how the default args and partial args are merged, it seems like the default args are always taking precedence, even though in the `partial` global function, the `retries` do get set later on with the task-level parameter value. This doesn't seem to be respected though.

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

If you run my above unit test for a test DAG, on version 2.4.3, it should show up as a test failure.

### Operating System

OS Ventura

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Google Cloud Composer

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

return not self == other
    def __hash__(self):
        hash_components = [type(self)]
        for component in self._comps:
            val = getattr(self, component, None)
            try:
                hash(val)
                hash_components.append(val)
            except TypeError:
                hash_components.append(repr(val))
        return hash(tuple(hash_components))
    
    def __or__(self, other):
        """
        Called for [This Operator] | [Operator], The inlets of other
        will be set to pick up the outlets from this operator. Other will
        be set as a downstream task of this operator.
        """
        if isinstance(other, BaseOperator):
            if not self.outlets and not self.supports_lineage:
                raise ValueError("No outlets defined for this operator")
            other.add_inlets([self.task_id])
            self.set_downstream(other)
        else:
            raise TypeError(f"Right hand side ({other}) is not an Operator")
        return self
    
    def __gt__(self, other):