### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

When creating a DAG with Task Groups and a Mapped Operator, if the Task Group is passed as argument to Mapped Operator's `partial` method it is ignored and the operator is not added to the group.

### What you think should happen instead

The Mapped Operator should be added to the Task Group passed as an argument.

### How to reproduce

Create a DAG with a source code like the following one

```python
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.operators.empty import EmptyOperator
from airflow.utils import timezone
from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroup


with DAG("dag", start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 1, 1)) as dag:
    start = EmptyOperator(task_id="start")
    finish = EmptyOperator(task_id="finish")

    group = TaskGroup("test-group")
    commands = ["echo a", "echo b", "echo c"]
    mapped = BashOperator.partial(task_id="task_2", task_group=group).expand(bash_command=commands)

    start >> group >> finish

# assert mapped.task_group == group

```

### Operating System

macOS 13.2.1 (22D68)

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Other

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

on_retry_callback: None | TaskStateChangeCallback | list[TaskStateChangeCallback] = None,
        pre_execute: TaskPreExecuteHook | None = None,
        post_execute: TaskPostExecuteHook | None = None,
        trigger_rule: str = DEFAULT_TRIGGER_RULE,
        resources: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        run_as_user: str | None = None,
        task_concurrency: int | None = None,
        max_active_tis_per_dag: int | None = None,
        max_active_tis_per_dagrun: int | None = None,
        executor_config: dict | None = None,
        do_xcom_push: bool = True,
        inlets: Any | None = None,
        outlets: Any | None = None,
        task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
        doc: str | None = None,
        doc_md: str | None = None,
        doc_json: str | None = None,
        doc_yaml: str | None = None,
        doc_rst: str | None = None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        from airflow.models.dag import DagContext
        from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroupContext
        self.__init_kwargs = {}
        super().__init__()
        kwargs.pop("_airflow_mapped_validation_only", None)
        if kwargs:
            if not conf.getboolean("operators", "ALLOW_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENTS"):
                raise AirflowException(
                    f"Invalid arguments were passed to {self.__class__.__name__} (task_id: {task_id}). "