### Body

The `--package-filter` while nice in theory to specify which packages to build, has quite bad UX (lots of repetitions when specifying multiple packages, long package names. We practically (except `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-*` never use the functionality of the filter with glob patterns.

It's much more practical to use "short" package names ("apache.hdfs" rather that `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-apache-hdfs` and we already use it in a few places in Breeze. 

We should likely replace all the places when we use `--package-filter` with those short names, add a special alias for `all-providers` and this should help our users who build documentation and release manager to do their work faster and nicer. 

This would also allow to remove the separate ./dev/provider_packages/publish_provider_documentation.sh  bash script that is aimed to do somethign similar in a "hacky way".

### Committer

- [X] I acknowledge that I am a maintainer/committer of the Apache Airflow project.
retry_building_docs_if_needed(
            all_build_errors,
            all_spelling_errors,
            args,
            docs_only,
            jobs,
            package_build_errors,
            package_spelling_errors,
            spellcheck_only,
        )
    if not disable_checks:
        general_errors = lint_checks.run_all_check(disable_provider_checks=disable_provider_checks)
        if general_errors:
            all_build_errors[None] = general_errors
    dev_index_generator.generate_index(f"{DOCS_DIR}/_build/index.html")
    if not package_filters:
        _promote_new_flags()
    if os.path.exists(PROVIDER_INIT_FILE):
        os.remove(PROVIDER_INIT_FILE)
    print_build_errors_and_exit(
        all_build_errors,
        all_spelling_errors,
    )
def retry_building_docs_if_needed(
    all_build_errors,
    all_spelling_errors,
    args,
    docs_only,
    jobs,
    package_build_errors,