### Body

The `--package-filter` while nice in theory to specify which packages to build, has quite bad UX (lots of repetitions when specifying multiple packages, long package names. We practically (except `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-*` never use the functionality of the filter with glob patterns.

It's much more practical to use "short" package names ("apache.hdfs" rather that `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-apache-hdfs` and we already use it in a few places in Breeze. 

We should likely replace all the places when we use `--package-filter` with those short names, add a special alias for `all-providers` and this should help our users who build documentation and release manager to do their work faster and nicer. 

This would also allow to remove the separate ./dev/provider_packages/publish_provider_documentation.sh  bash script that is aimed to do somethign similar in a "hacky way".

### Committer

- [X] I acknowledge that I am a maintainer/committer of the Apache Airflow project.
available_packages_list = " * " + "\n * ".join(get_available_packages())
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Builds documentation and runs spell checking",
        epilog=f"List of supported documentation packages:\n{available_packages_list}",
    )
    parser.formatter_class = argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable-checks", dest="disable_checks", action="store_true", help="Disables extra checks"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--disable-provider-checks",
        dest="disable_provider_checks",
        action="store_true",
        help="Disables extra checks for providers",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--one-pass-only",
        dest="one_pass_only",
        action="store_true",
        help="Do not attempt multiple builds on error",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--package-filter",
        action="append",
        help=(
            "Filter specifying for which packages the documentation is to be built. Wildcard are supported."
        ),