### Body

The `--package-filter` while nice in theory to specify which packages to build, has quite bad UX (lots of repetitions when specifying multiple packages, long package names. We practically (except `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-*` never use the functionality of the filter with glob patterns.

It's much more practical to use "short" package names ("apache.hdfs" rather that `--package-filter apache-airflow-providers-apache-hdfs` and we already use it in a few places in Breeze. 

We should likely replace all the places when we use `--package-filter` with those short names, add a special alias for `all-providers` and this should help our users who build documentation and release manager to do their work faster and nicer. 

This would also allow to remove the separate ./dev/provider_packages/publish_provider_documentation.sh  bash script that is aimed to do somethign similar in a "hacky way".

### Committer

- [X] I acknowledge that I am a maintainer/committer of the Apache Airflow project.
@click.option(
    "--one-pass-only",
    help="Builds documentation in one pass only. This is useful for debugging sphinx errors.",
    is_flag=True,
)
@option_github_repository
@option_verbose
@option_dry_run
def build_docs(
    docs_only: bool,
    spellcheck_only: bool,
    builder: str,
    clean_build: bool,
    one_pass_only: bool,
    package_filter: tuple[str],
    github_repository: str,
):
    """
    Build documents.
    """
    perform_environment_checks()
    cleanup_python_generated_files()
    params = BuildCiParams(
        github_repository=github_repository, python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_MAJOR_MINOR_VERSION, builder=builder
    )
    rebuild_or_pull_ci_image_if_needed(command_params=params)
    if clean_build:
        docs_dir = AIRFLOW_SOURCES_ROOT / "docs"
        for dir_name in ["_build", "_doctrees", "_inventory_cache", "_api"]:
            for directory in docs_dir.rglob(dir_name):