### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

When creating a DAG with Task Groups and a Mapped Operator, if the Task Group is passed as argument to Mapped Operator's `partial` method it is ignored and the operator is not added to the group.

### What you think should happen instead

The Mapped Operator should be added to the Task Group passed as an argument.

### How to reproduce

Create a DAG with a source code like the following one

```python
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.operators.empty import EmptyOperator
from airflow.utils import timezone
from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroup


with DAG("dag", start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 1, 1)) as dag:
    start = EmptyOperator(task_id="start")
    finish = EmptyOperator(task_id="finish")

    group = TaskGroup("test-group")
    commands = ["echo a", "echo b", "echo c"]
    mapped = BashOperator.partial(task_id="task_2", task_group=group).expand(bash_command=commands)

    start >> group >> finish

# assert mapped.task_group == group

```

### Operating System

macOS 13.2.1 (22D68)

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Other

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"""A descriptor that guards against ``.partial`` being called on Task objects."""
    class_method: ClassMethodDescriptorType | None = None
    def __get__(
        self, obj: BaseOperator, cls: type[BaseOperator] | None = None
    ) -> Callable[..., OperatorPartial]:
        
        def partial(**kwargs):
            raise TypeError("partial can only be called on Operator classes, not Tasks themselves")
        if obj is not None:
            return partial
        return self.class_method.__get__(cls, cls)
_PARTIAL_DEFAULTS = {
    "owner": DEFAULT_OWNER,
    "trigger_rule": DEFAULT_TRIGGER_RULE,
    "depends_on_past": False,
    "ignore_first_depends_on_past": DEFAULT_IGNORE_FIRST_DEPENDS_ON_PAST,
    "wait_for_past_depends_before_skipping": DEFAULT_WAIT_FOR_PAST_DEPENDS_BEFORE_SKIPPING,
    "wait_for_downstream": False,
    "retries": DEFAULT_RETRIES,
    "queue": DEFAULT_QUEUE,
    "pool_slots": DEFAULT_POOL_SLOTS,
    "execution_timeout": DEFAULT_TASK_EXECUTION_TIMEOUT,
    "retry_delay": DEFAULT_RETRY_DELAY,
    "retry_exponential_backoff": False,
    "priority_weight": DEFAULT_PRIORITY_WEIGHT,
    "weight_rule": DEFAULT_WEIGHT_RULE,
    "inlets": [],
    "outlets": [],
}
def partial(