### Apache Airflow version

Other Airflow 2 version (please specify below)

### What happened

When running a DAG that is structured like:
```
@dag{dag_id="my_dag", default_args={"retries":0"}}
def dag():
    op = MyOperator.partial(task_id="my_task", retries=3).expand(...)
```

The following test fails:
```
    def test_retries(self) -> None:
        dag_bag = DagBag(dag_folder=DAG_FOLDER, include_examples=False)
        dag = dag_bag.dags["my_dag"]
        for task in dag.tasks:
            if "my_task" in task.task_id:
                self.assertEqual(3, task.retries) # fails - this is 0
```

When printing out `task.partial_kwargs`, and looking at how the default args and partial args are merged, it seems like the default args are always taking precedence, even though in the `partial` global function, the `retries` do get set later on with the task-level parameter value. This doesn't seem to be respected though.

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

If you run my above unit test for a test DAG, on version 2.4.3, it should show up as a test failure.

### Operating System

OS Ventura

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Google Cloud Composer

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

self.outlets: list = []
        if inlets:
            self.inlets = (
                inlets
                if isinstance(inlets, list)
                else [
                    inlets,
                ]
            )
        if outlets:
            self.outlets = (
                outlets
                if isinstance(outlets, list)
                else [
                    outlets,
                ]
            )
        if isinstance(self.template_fields, str):
            warnings.warn(
                f"The `template_fields` value for {self.task_type} is a string "
                "but should be a list or tuple of string. Wrapping it in a list for execution. "
                f"Please update {self.task_type} accordingly.",
                UserWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            self.template_fields = [self.template_fields]
        if SetupTeardownContext.active:
            SetupTeardownContext.update_context_map(self)
    @classmethod
    def as_setup(cls, *args, **kwargs):