### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

When creating a DAG with Task Groups and a Mapped Operator, if the Task Group is passed as argument to Mapped Operator's `partial` method it is ignored and the operator is not added to the group.

### What you think should happen instead

The Mapped Operator should be added to the Task Group passed as an argument.

### How to reproduce

Create a DAG with a source code like the following one

```python
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.operators.empty import EmptyOperator
from airflow.utils import timezone
from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroup


with DAG("dag", start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 1, 1)) as dag:
    start = EmptyOperator(task_id="start")
    finish = EmptyOperator(task_id="finish")

    group = TaskGroup("test-group")
    commands = ["echo a", "echo b", "echo c"]
    mapped = BashOperator.partial(task_id="task_2", task_group=group).expand(bash_command=commands)

    start >> group >> finish

# assert mapped.task_group == group

```

### Operating System

macOS 13.2.1 (22D68)

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Other

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

kwargs[arg] = default_args[arg]
            missing_args = non_optional_args - set(kwargs)
            if len(missing_args) == 1:
                raise AirflowException(f"missing keyword argument {missing_args.pop()!r}")
            elif missing_args:
                display = ", ".join(repr(a) for a in sorted(missing_args))
                raise AirflowException(f"missing keyword arguments {display}")
            if merged_params:
                kwargs["params"] = merged_params
            hook = getattr(self, "_hook_apply_defaults", None)
            if hook:
                args, kwargs = hook(**kwargs, default_args=default_args)
                default_args = kwargs.pop("default_args", {})
            if not hasattr(self, "_BaseOperator__init_kwargs"):
                self._BaseOperator__init_kwargs = {}
            self._BaseOperator__from_mapped = instantiated_from_mapped
            result = func(self, **kwargs, default_args=default_args)
            
            self._BaseOperator__init_kwargs.update(kwargs)  
            
            
            if not instantiated_from_mapped and func == self.__init__.__wrapped__:  
                self.set_xcomargs_dependencies()
                
                self._BaseOperator__instantiated = True
            return result
        apply_defaults.__non_optional_args = non_optional_args  
        apply_defaults.__param_names = set(non_variadic_params)  
        return cast(T, apply_defaults)
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):