### Apache Airflow version

2.7.3

### What happened

We are facing an issue using Kubernetes Executor where `process_watcher_task` that gets None state and is pushed to `result_queue`. On fetching the state from queue in `kubernetes_executor.py` it's passed to `_change_state` and if the state is None then state is fetched from database which when is also None due to some reason the `TaskInstanceState(state)` throws `ValueError` which is caught in the exception and the result is again added to the queue causing scheduler to go into infinite loop trying to set state. We need to restart the scheduler to make it run. If state is None database query too then we shouldn't set the state or to catch `ValueError` instead of generic exception handling to not retry by pushing the same result to queue. The validation was introduced by this change https://github.com/apache/airflow/commit/9556d6d5f611428ac8a3a5891647b720d4498ace#diff-11bb8713bf2f01502e66ffa91136f939cc8445839517187f818f044233414f7eR459


https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/5d74ffb32095d534866f029d085198bc783d82c2/airflow/providers/cncf/kubernetes/executors/kubernetes_executor_utils.py#L453-L465

https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/f3ddefccf610833dc8d6012431f372f2af03053c/airflow/providers/cncf/kubernetes/executors/kubernetes_executor.py#L379-L393

https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/5d74ffb32095d534866f029d085198bc783d82c2/airflow/providers/cncf/kubernetes/executors/kubernetes_executor.py#L478-L485

### What you think should happen instead

scheduler should not retry infinitely

### How to reproduce

We are not sure of the exact scenario where this reproducible. We tried running a task that returns an event which k8s returns None in rare case when pod is deleted or killed and also delete the task instance to make sure db query also returns None but we are not able to consistently get to the case that causes this.

### Operating System

Ubuntu

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

from airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.executors.kubernetes_executor_types import POD_EXECUTOR_DONE_KEY
from airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.kube_config import KubeConfig
from airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.kubernetes_helper_functions import annotations_to_key
from airflow.utils.event_scheduler import EventScheduler
from airflow.utils.log.logging_mixin import remove_escape_codes
from airflow.utils.session import NEW_SESSION, provide_session
from airflow.utils.state import TaskInstanceState
if TYPE_CHECKING:
    import argparse
    from kubernetes import client
    from kubernetes.client import models as k8s
    from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
    from airflow.executors.base_executor import CommandType
    from airflow.models.taskinstance import TaskInstance
    from airflow.models.taskinstancekey import TaskInstanceKey
    from airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.executors.kubernetes_executor_types import (
        KubernetesJobType,
        KubernetesResultsType,
    )
    from airflow.providers.cncf.kubernetes.executors.kubernetes_executor_utils import (
        AirflowKubernetesScheduler,
    )
ARG_NAMESPACE = Arg(
    ("--namespace",),
    default=conf.get("kubernetes_executor", "namespace"),
    help="Kubernetes Namespace. Default value is `[kubernetes] namespace` in configuration.",
)
ARG_MIN_PENDING_MINUTES = Arg(
    ("--min-pending-minutes",),
    default=30,