### Apache Airflow version

Other Airflow 2 version (please specify below)

### What happened

When running a DAG that is structured like:
```
@dag{dag_id="my_dag", default_args={"retries":0"}}
def dag():
    op = MyOperator.partial(task_id="my_task", retries=3).expand(...)
```

The following test fails:
```
    def test_retries(self) -> None:
        dag_bag = DagBag(dag_folder=DAG_FOLDER, include_examples=False)
        dag = dag_bag.dags["my_dag"]
        for task in dag.tasks:
            if "my_task" in task.task_id:
                self.assertEqual(3, task.retries) # fails - this is 0
```

When printing out `task.partial_kwargs`, and looking at how the default args and partial args are merged, it seems like the default args are always taking precedence, even though in the `partial` global function, the `retries` do get set later on with the task-level parameter value. This doesn't seem to be respected though.

### What you think should happen instead

_No response_

### How to reproduce

If you run my above unit test for a test DAG, on version 2.4.3, it should show up as a test failure.

### Operating System

OS Ventura

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Google Cloud Composer

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

"""Abstract base class that defines how we get an operator link."""
    operators: ClassVar[BaseOperatorClassList] = []
    """
    This property will be used by Airflow Plugins to find the Operators to which you want
    to assign this Operator Link
    :return: List of Operator classes used by task for which you want to create extra link
    """
    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def name(self) -> str:
        """Name of the link. This will be the button name on the task UI."""
    @abstractmethod
    def get_link(self, operator: BaseOperator, *, ti_key: TaskInstanceKey) -> str:
        """Link to external system.
        Note: The old signature of this function was ``(self, operator, dttm: datetime)``. That is still
        supported at runtime but is deprecated.
        :param operator: The Airflow operator object this link is associated to.
        :param ti_key: TaskInstance ID to return link for.
        :return: link to external system
        """