### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### What happened

When creating a DAG with Task Groups and a Mapped Operator, if the Task Group is passed as argument to Mapped Operator's `partial` method it is ignored and the operator is not added to the group.

### What you think should happen instead

The Mapped Operator should be added to the Task Group passed as an argument.

### How to reproduce

Create a DAG with a source code like the following one

```python
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.operators.empty import EmptyOperator
from airflow.utils import timezone
from airflow.utils.task_group import TaskGroup


with DAG("dag", start_date=timezone.datetime(2016, 1, 1)) as dag:
    start = EmptyOperator(task_id="start")
    finish = EmptyOperator(task_id="finish")

    group = TaskGroup("test-group")
    commands = ["echo a", "echo b", "echo c"]
    mapped = BashOperator.partial(task_id="task_2", task_group=group).expand(bash_command=commands)

    start >> group >> finish

# assert mapped.task_group == group

```

### Operating System

macOS 13.2.1 (22D68)

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Other

### Deployment details

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

executor.
        **Example**: to run this task in a specific docker container through
        the KubernetesExecutor ::
            MyOperator(...,
                executor_config={
                    "KubernetesExecutor":
                        {"image": "myCustomDockerImage"}
                }
            )
    :param do_xcom_push: if True, an XCom is pushed containing the Operator's
        result
    :param task_group: The TaskGroup to which the task should belong. This is typically provided when not
        using a TaskGroup as a context manager.
    :param doc: Add documentation or notes to your Task objects that is visible in
        Task Instance details View in the Webserver
    :param doc_md: Add documentation (in Markdown format) or notes to your Task objects
        that is visible in Task Instance details View in the Webserver
    :param doc_rst: Add documentation (in RST format) or notes to your Task objects
        that is visible in Task Instance details View in the Webserver
    :param doc_json: Add documentation (in JSON format) or notes to your Task objects
        that is visible in Task Instance details View in the Webserver
    :param doc_yaml: Add documentation (in YAML format) or notes to your Task objects
        that is visible in Task Instance details View in the Webserver
    """
    
    template_fields: Sequence[str] = ()
    template_ext: Sequence[str] = ()
    template_fields_renderers: dict[str, str] = {}
    
    ui_color: str = "#fff"