### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

TreeItem *next = selected_item->get_first_child();
			while (next && next != selected_item->next) {
				next->set_collapsed(true);
				next = next->get_next_visible();
			}
		} else {
			_go_left();
		}
	} else if (p_event->is_action("ui_up", true) && p_event->is_pressed() && !is_command) {
		if (!cursor_can_exit_tree) {
			accept_event();
		}
		_go_up();
	} else if (p_event->is_action("ui_down", true) && p_event->is_pressed() && !is_command) {
		if (!cursor_can_exit_tree) {
			accept_event();
		}
		_go_down();
	} else if (p_event->is_action("ui_page_down", true) && p_event->is_pressed()) {
		if (!cursor_can_exit_tree) {
			accept_event();
		}
		TreeItem *next = nullptr;
		if (!selected_item) {
			return;
		}
		next = selected_item;
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			TreeItem *_n = next->get_next_visible();
			if (_n) {