### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

text_editor->hide();
	popup_editor_vb->add_child(text_editor);
	value_editor = memnew(HSlider);
	value_editor->set_v_size_flags(SIZE_EXPAND_FILL);
	value_editor->hide();
	popup_editor_vb->add_child(value_editor);
	h_scroll = memnew(HScrollBar);
	v_scroll = memnew(VScrollBar);
	add_child(h_scroll, false, INTERNAL_MODE_FRONT);
	add_child(v_scroll, false, INTERNAL_MODE_FRONT);
	range_click_timer = memnew(Timer);
	range_click_timer->connect("timeout", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_range_click_timeout));
	add_child(range_click_timer, false, INTERNAL_MODE_FRONT);
	h_scroll->connect("value_changed", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_scroll_moved));
	v_scroll->connect("value_changed", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_scroll_moved));
	line_editor->connect("text_submitted", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_line_editor_submit));
	text_editor->connect("gui_input", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_text_editor_gui_input));
	popup_editor->connect("popup_hide", callable_mp(this, &Tree::_text_editor_popup_modal_close));
	popup_menu->connect("id_pressed", callable_mp(this, &Tree::popup_select));
	value_editor->connect("value_changed", callable_mp(this, &Tree::value_editor_changed));
	set_notify_transform(true);
	set_mouse_filter(MOUSE_FILTER_STOP);
	set_clip_contents(true);
}
Tree::~Tree() {
	if (root) {
		memdelete(root);
	}
}