```sql
drop table if exists src;

create table src( A Int64, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values(1, 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column B Nullable(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();
select * from src;
┌─A─┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ 1 │ one │ test │
└───┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src update C = 'test1' where 1 settings mutations_sync=2;

select * from src;
┌─A─┬─B────┬─C─────┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ test1 │   -- expected B='one'
└───┴──────┴───────┘
```

```sql
drop table if exists src;
create table src( A String, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values('one', 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column A LowCardinality(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();

select * from src;
┌─A───┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ one │ one │ test │
└─────┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src update C = 'test1' where 1 settings mutations_sync=2;

select * from src;

Received exception from server (version 22.9.1):
Code: 49. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. DB::Exception: 
Got empty stream for SerializationLowCardinality keys.: (while reading column A): 
(while reading from part /var/lib/clickhouse/store/11b/11b74812-48b9-4c1f-9bdc-3e7a28137a9e/all_3_3_0_4/ from mark 0 with max_rows_to_read = 1): 
While executing MergeTreeInOrder. (LOGICAL_ERROR)

```

```sql
drop table if exists src;
create table src( A String, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values('one', 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column A LowCardinality(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();

select * from src;
┌─A───┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ one │ one │ test │
└─────┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src modify column C LowCardinality(String);

select * from src;

Received exception from server (version 22.9.3):
Code: 49. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. 
DB::Exception: Got empty stream for SerializationLowCardinality keys.: 
```

related https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/42083 , https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/42074
(basically it's the same one issue, but I opened this one, because I think the root issue is in `alter update`.

it seems `alter update` updates columns.txt for all columns even if they are not participated in the `alter update`.
if (renamed_columns_to_from.contains(it->name) && !was_renamed && !was_removed)
                    throw Exception(
                        ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR,
                        "Incorrect mutation commands, trying to rename column {} to {}, but part {} already has column {}", renamed_columns_to_from[it->name], it->name, source_part->name, it->name);
                
                
                if (!renamed_columns_to_from.contains(it->name) && (was_renamed || was_removed))
                    it = storage_columns.erase(it);
                else
                    ++it;
            }
        }
    }
    return {storage_columns, new_serialization_infos};
}
static ExecuteTTLType shouldExecuteTTL(const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot, const ColumnDependencies & dependencies)
{
    if (!metadata_snapshot->hasAnyTTL())
        return ExecuteTTLType::NONE;
    bool has_ttl_expression = false;
    for (const auto & dependency : dependencies)
    {
        if (dependency.kind == ColumnDependency::TTL_EXPRESSION)
            has_ttl_expression = true;
        if (dependency.kind == ColumnDependency::TTL_TARGET)
            return ExecuteTTLType::NORMAL;
    }
    return has_ttl_expression ? ExecuteTTLType::RECALCULATE : ExecuteTTLType::NONE;
}
static MergeTreeIndices getIndicesForNewDataPart(