### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_column, cells.size(), Rect2());
	return cells[p_column].icon_region;
}
void TreeItem::set_icon_modulate(int p_column, const Color &p_modulate) {
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_column, cells.size());
	if (cells[p_column].icon_color == p_modulate) {
		return;
	}
	cells.write[p_column].icon_color = p_modulate;
	_changed_notify(p_column);
}
Color TreeItem::get_icon_modulate(int p_column) const {
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_column, cells.size(), Color());
	return cells[p_column].icon_color;
}
void TreeItem::set_icon_max_width(int p_column, int p_max) {
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_column, cells.size());
	if (cells[p_column].icon_max_w == p_max) {
		return;
	}
	cells.write[p_column].icon_max_w = p_max;
	cells.write[p_column].cached_minimum_size_dirty = true;
	_changed_notify(p_column);
}
int TreeItem::get_icon_max_width(int p_column) const {