### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

int tbh = _get_title_button_height();
			draw_ofs.y += tbh;
			draw_size.y -= tbh;
			cache.rtl = is_layout_rtl();
			if (root && get_size().x > 0 && get_size().y > 0) {
				int self_height = 0; 
				draw_item(Point2(), draw_ofs, draw_size, root, self_height);
			}
			if (show_column_titles) {
				
				int ofs2 = theme_cache.panel_style->get_margin(SIDE_LEFT);
				for (int i = 0; i < columns.size(); i++) {
					Ref<StyleBox> sb = (cache.click_type == Cache::CLICK_TITLE && cache.click_index == i) ? theme_cache.title_button_pressed : ((cache.hover_type == Cache::CLICK_TITLE && cache.hover_index == i) ? theme_cache.title_button_hover : theme_cache.title_button);
					Rect2 tbrect = Rect2(ofs2 - theme_cache.offset.x, bg->get_margin(SIDE_TOP), get_column_width(i), tbh);
					if (cache.rtl) {
						tbrect.position.x = get_size().width - tbrect.size.x - tbrect.position.x;
					}
					sb->draw(ci, tbrect);
					ofs2 += tbrect.size.width;
					
					int clip_w = tbrect.size.width - sb->get_minimum_size().width;
					columns.write[i].text_buf->set_width(clip_w);
					columns.write[i].cached_minimum_width_dirty = true;
					Vector2 text_pos = Point2i(tbrect.position.x, tbrect.position.y + (tbrect.size.height - columns[i].text_buf->get_size().y) / 2);
					switch (columns[i].title_alignment) {
						case HorizontalAlignment::HORIZONTAL_ALIGNMENT_LEFT: {
							text_pos.x += cache.rtl ? tbrect.size.width - (sb->get_offset().x + columns[i].text_buf->get_size().x) : sb->get_offset().x;
							break;
						}
						case HorizontalAlignment::HORIZONTAL_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT: {