```sql
drop table if exists src;

create table src( A Int64, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values(1, 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column B Nullable(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();
select * from src;
┌─A─┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ 1 │ one │ test │
└───┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src update C = 'test1' where 1 settings mutations_sync=2;

select * from src;
┌─A─┬─B────┬─C─────┐
│ 1 │ ᴺᵁᴸᴸ │ test1 │   -- expected B='one'
└───┴──────┴───────┘
```

```sql
drop table if exists src;
create table src( A String, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values('one', 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column A LowCardinality(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();

select * from src;
┌─A───┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ one │ one │ test │
└─────┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src update C = 'test1' where 1 settings mutations_sync=2;

select * from src;

Received exception from server (version 22.9.1):
Code: 49. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. DB::Exception: 
Got empty stream for SerializationLowCardinality keys.: (while reading column A): 
(while reading from part /var/lib/clickhouse/store/11b/11b74812-48b9-4c1f-9bdc-3e7a28137a9e/all_3_3_0_4/ from mark 0 with max_rows_to_read = 1): 
While executing MergeTreeInOrder. (LOGICAL_ERROR)

```

```sql
drop table if exists src;
create table src( A String, B String, C String) Engine=MergeTree order by A
SETTINGS min_bytes_for_wide_part=0;
insert into src values('one', 'one', 'test');

alter table src detach partition tuple();

alter table src modify column A LowCardinality(String);

alter table src attach partition tuple();

select * from src;
┌─A───┬─B───┬─C────┐
│ one │ one │ test │
└─────┴─────┴──────┘

alter table src modify column C LowCardinality(String);

select * from src;

Received exception from server (version 22.9.3):
Code: 49. DB::Exception: Received from localhost:9000. 
DB::Exception: Got empty stream for SerializationLowCardinality keys.: 
```

related https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/42083 , https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/42074
(basically it's the same one issue, but I opened this one, because I think the root issue is in `alter update`.

it seems `alter update` updates columns.txt for all columns even if they are not participated in the `alter update`.
{
                destination = it->name();
            }
            if (it->isFile())
            {
                ctx->data_part_storage_builder->createHardLinkFrom(
                    *ctx->source_part->data_part_storage, it->name(), destination);
                hardlinked_files.insert(it->name());
            }
            else if (!endsWith(it->name(), ".tmp_proj")) 
            {
                
                ctx->data_part_storage_builder->createProjection(destination);
                auto projection_data_part_storage = ctx->source_part->data_part_storage->getProjection(destination);
                auto projection_data_part_storage_builder = ctx->data_part_storage_builder->getProjection(destination);
                for (auto p_it = projection_data_part_storage->iterate(); p_it->isValid(); p_it->next())
                {
                    projection_data_part_storage_builder->createHardLinkFrom(
                        *projection_data_part_storage, p_it->name(), p_it->name());
                    hardlinked_files.insert(p_it->name());
                }
            }
        }
        
        
        
        ctx->hardlinked_files.source_table_shared_id = ctx->source_part->storage.getTableSharedID();
        ctx->hardlinked_files.source_part_name = ctx->source_part->name;
        ctx->hardlinked_files.hardlinks_from_source_part = hardlinked_files;
        (*ctx->mutate_entry)->columns_written = ctx->storage_columns.size() - ctx->updated_header.columns();