### Godot version

v4.1.beta.custom_build [72b59325c]

### System information

Windows 10, Vulkan

### Issue description

This has been plaguing me for a while in my main project. I can only partially reproduce it in a MRP:
When placing a binary mesh resource imported from a .glb file into a MeshInstance3D, it will be gone upon restart. It doesn't seem to happen to every resource, but I've had MIs that were fine and then start doing it out of nowhere.
I thought it was going to be related to materials due to things like https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues/77007 but I can reliably trigger it with the steps listed below.
I have done limited testing on .tres files because I usually use .res for size/performance, but in the MRP .tres doesn't seem to trigger it, so perhaps it doesn't affect those.

Note on the Steps to reproduce: you have to delete the test_cube.res and redo the steps to trigger the bug again, but in my main project the affected resources always disappear.

### Steps to reproduce

1. Double click test_cube.glb
2. Click the mesh (test_cube_Cube_097), set save to file path as: res://test_cube.res
3. Make sure to click the little folder icon and then Save (this seems to make it consistent to proc)
4. Press Reimport
5. Drag the test_cube.res to the Mesh slot of the MeshInstance3D
6. Ctrl+s to save
7. Project -> Reload current project
8. Mesh is no longer in the MeshInstance3D

### Minimal reproduction project

[binary res bug.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/11681009/binary.res.bug.zip)
if (!p_path.is_resource_file() || p_path.begins_with(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get_project_data_path())) {
		
		return ResourceUID::INVALID_ID;
	}
	EditorFileSystemDirectory *fs = nullptr;
	int cpos = -1;
	if (!singleton->_find_file(p_path, &fs, cpos)) {
		
		ResourceUID::ID fallback = ResourceLoader::get_resource_uid(p_path);
		if (fallback != ResourceUID::INVALID_ID) {
			return fallback;
		}
		if (p_generate) {
			return ResourceUID::get_singleton()->create_id(); 
		} else {
			return ResourceUID::INVALID_ID;
		}
	} else if (fs->files[cpos]->uid != ResourceUID::INVALID_ID) {
		return fs->files[cpos]->uid;
	} else if (p_generate) {
		return ResourceUID::get_singleton()->create_id(); 
	} else {
		return ResourceUID::INVALID_ID;
	}
}
static void _scan_extensions_dir(EditorFileSystemDirectory *d, HashSet<String> &extensions) {