### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_column, columns.size(), TEXT_DIRECTION_INHERITED);
	return columns[p_column].text_direction;
}
void Tree::set_column_title_language(int p_column, const String &p_language) {
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_column, columns.size());
	if (columns[p_column].language != p_language) {
		columns.write[p_column].language = p_language;
		update_column(p_column);
		queue_redraw();
	}
}
String Tree::get_column_title_language(int p_column) const {
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_column, columns.size(), "");
	return columns[p_column].language;
}
Point2 Tree::get_scroll() const {
	Point2 ofs;
	if (h_scroll->is_visible_in_tree()) {
		ofs.x = h_scroll->get_value();
	}
	if (v_scroll->is_visible_in_tree()) {
		ofs.y = v_scroll->get_value();
	}
	return ofs;
}
void Tree::scroll_to_item(TreeItem *p_item, bool p_center_on_item) {