**Describe the solution you'd like**

We already can run clickhouse-server without configured ZooKeeper (the tables will start in read-only mode)
and with configured ZooKeeper, if it starts to be inaccessible at runtime (the tables will be read-only until the session is re-established).

Let's also make it possible to start up when ZooKeeper is unavailable.

**Additional context**

If that will be very hard to implement, we can consider other options:
- lazy attaching of the tables after sever start-up;
- a maintenance mode when the tables are not attached at start-up and require manual ATTACH queries.
parts_to_fetch = active_parts_set.getParts();
            
            Strings parts_to_fetch_partition;
            for (const String & part : parts_to_fetch)
            {
                if (MergeTreePartInfo::fromPartName(part, format_version).partition_id == partition_id)
                    parts_to_fetch_partition.push_back(part);
            }
            parts_to_fetch = std::move(parts_to_fetch_partition);
            if (parts_to_fetch.empty())
                throw Exception("Partition " + partition_id + " on " + best_replica_path + " doesn't exist", ErrorCodes::PARTITION_DOESNT_EXIST);
        }
        else
        {
            for (const String & missing_part : missing_parts)
            {
                String containing_part = active_parts_set.getContainingPart(missing_part);
                if (!containing_part.empty())
                    parts_to_fetch.push_back(containing_part);
                else
                    LOG_WARNING(log, "Part {} on replica {} has been vanished.", missing_part, best_replica_path);
            }
        }
        LOG_INFO(log, "Parts to fetch: {}", parts_to_fetch.size());
        missing_parts.clear();
        for (const String & part : parts_to_fetch)
        {
            bool fetched = false;
            try
            {