### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

if (p_item->cells[i].expand_right) {
				int plus = 1;
				while (i + plus < columns.size() && !p_item->cells[i + plus].editable && p_item->cells[i + plus].mode == TreeItem::CELL_MODE_STRING && p_item->cells[i + plus].text.is_empty() && p_item->cells[i + plus].icon.is_null()) {
					col_width += theme_cache.h_separation;
					col_width += get_column_width(i + plus);
					plus++;
				}
			}
			if (x > col_width) {
				col_ofs += col_width;
				x -= col_width;
				limit_w -= col_width;
				continue;
			}
			col = i;
			break;
		}
		if (col == -1) {
			return -1;
		} else if (col == 0) {
			int margin = x_ofs + theme_cache.item_margin; 
			
			col_width -= margin;
			limit_w -= margin;
			col_ofs += margin;
			x -= margin;
		} else {
			col_width -= theme_cache.h_separation;
			limit_w -= theme_cache.h_separation;
			x -= theme_cache.h_separation;