### Tested versions

Reproductible in 4.2 stable
Not reproductible in 4.1.3 stable

### System information

Godot v4.2.stable - Windows 10.0.19045 - Vulkan (Mobile) - dedicated NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 Ti (NVIDIA; 30.0.14.7444) - AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor (12 Threads)

### Issue description

Reflection probes simply don't work on Vulkan mobile and Compatibility renderer.
Godot 4.1.3:
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/25274301/80ccb23c-8986-4662-a5e6-9846c361febe)
Godot 4.2:
![image](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/assets/25274301/f0fd93b0-a912-4f14-aa24-0cf6353c4484)

### Steps to reproduce

1. Create a sphere with a metallic material with low roughness.
2. Create some geometry to reflect off of the sphere
3. Add a reflection probe to the scene

### Minimal reproduction project (MRP)

[ReflectionProbes.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13592653/ReflectionProbes.zip)

ShadowAtlas *shadow_atlas = shadow_atlas_owner.get_or_null(p_atlas);
	ERR_FAIL_NULL(shadow_atlas);
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_quadrant, 4);
	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_subdivision, 16384);
	uint32_t subdiv = next_power_of_2(p_subdivision);
	if (subdiv & 0xaaaaaaaa) { 
		subdiv <<= 1;
	}
	subdiv = int(Math::sqrt((float)subdiv));
	
	if (shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].subdivision == subdiv) {
		return;
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows.size(); i++) {
		if (shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows[i].owner.is_valid()) {
			shadow_atlas->shadow_owners.erase(shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows[i].owner);
			LightInstance *li = light_instance_owner.get_or_null(shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows[i].owner);
			ERR_CONTINUE(!li);
			li->shadow_atlases.erase(p_atlas);
		}
	}
	shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows.clear();
	shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].shadows.resize(subdiv * subdiv);
	shadow_atlas->quadrants[p_quadrant].subdivision = subdiv;
	
	shadow_atlas->smallest_subdiv = 1 << 30;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		if (shadow_atlas->quadrants[i].subdivision) {
			shadow_atlas->smallest_subdiv = MIN(shadow_atlas->smallest_subdiv, shadow_atlas->quadrants[i].subdivision);