### Godot version

4.2 Stable

### System information

Linux

### Issue description

Calling TreeItem set_text() on a TreeItem that was removed via remove_child() causes debugging to end and the application to close without any error message.

### Steps to reproduce

Run the included example to get the debugger to crash. Comment out "treeItem.remove_child(subTreeItem)" for normal behaviour. 

### Minimal reproduction project

[treeItemCrash.zip](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/files/13534005/treeItemCrash.zip)

ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_column, columns.size(), -1);
	if (columns[p_column].cached_minimum_width_dirty) {
		
		int min_width = columns[p_column].custom_min_width;
		
		if (show_column_titles) {
			min_width = MAX(theme_cache.font->get_string_size(columns[p_column].title, HORIZONTAL_ALIGNMENT_LEFT, -1, theme_cache.font_size).width + theme_cache.panel_style->get_margin(SIDE_LEFT) + theme_cache.panel_style->get_margin(SIDE_RIGHT), min_width);
		}
		if (!columns[p_column].clip_content) {
			int depth = 0;
			TreeItem *next;
			for (TreeItem *item = get_root(); item; item = next) {
				next = item->get_next_visible();
				
				if (next && p_column == 0) {
					if (next->get_parent() == item) {
						depth += 1;
					} else {
						TreeItem *common_parent = item->get_parent();
						while (common_parent != next->get_parent() && common_parent) {
							common_parent = common_parent->get_parent();
							depth -= 1;
						}
					}
				}
				
				Size2 item_size = item->get_minimum_size(p_column);
				if (p_column == 0) {
					item_size.width += theme_cache.item_margin * depth;
				} else {