---
license: cc0-1.0
tags:
  - pd12m
  - synthetic
  - steganography
  - dct
  - computer-vision
  - image-perturbation
  - public-domain
pretty_name: PD12M Synthetic Steganography (DCT-based)
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
dataset_info:
  source: https://source.plus/pd12m?size=n_100_n
  generated_by: Rinovative (2025)
  description: >
    A synthetically generated steganography dataset based on Public Domain 12M (PD12M), simulating three DCT-domain perturbation patterns inspired by common steganographic algorithms (JMiPOD, JUNIWARD, UERD). All variants are generated from CC0-licensed images using the conseal simulation library.
---
# PD12M DCT-Based Synthetic Steganography Dataset

This dataset is a synthetically generated steganographic image dataset based on the **PD12M (Public Domain 12M)** image collection.  
It simulates detectable modifications produced by real-world JPEG steganography algorithms, using only public domain data.

Each original image is duplicated into three **synthetic stego variants**, inspired by real-world JPEG steganographic algorithms:

- `synthetic_JMiPOD`: simulated using `conseal.nsF5`, as JMiPOD is not available in conseal
- `synthetic_JUNIWARD`: generated via `conseal.juniward`
- `synthetic_UERD`: generated via `conseal.uerd`

All variants were created using the official embedding simulators of the `conseal` library.  
The embedding strength was set to `alpha = 0.4`.  

> Each Stego image contains a simulated payload embedded using conseal.  
> The payload is not retained or accessible and serves only to produce realistic DCT modifications.

## 📂 Dataset Structure

```
/Cover/                 → Original PD12M images (resized + JPEG recompressed)
/synthetic_JMiPOD/      → Cost-based embedding (via nsF5)
/synthetic_JUNIWARD/    → Texture-aware HF embedding
/synthetic_UERD/        → Uniform random embedding
```

All images are JPEG-compressed and named using a uniform index (e.g., `00001.jpg`).

## 📜 License and Sources

- **Original PD12M Dataset:** Public Domain / CC0  
  [source.plus/pd12m](https://source.plus/pd12m?size=n_100_n)

- **This synthetic dataset:** CC0

- **conseal simulation library:** MPL-2.0 License  
  [uibk-uncover/conseal](https://github.com/uibk-uncover/conseal)

## 📚 Citation

If you use this dataset, please reference:

- The original PD12M image dataset (Public Domain)  
- This synthetic modification (Rinovative, 2025)
- The **conseal simulation library**  
  > Lorch, B., & Benes, M. (2024). *conseal: Simulation framework for JPEG steganography*. University of Innsbruck.  
  > GitHub repository: [uibk-uncover/conseal](https://github.com/uibk-uncover/conseal)

---
## 📄 Project Reference

**Note:**  
This synthetic dataset was created as a publicly available demonstration subset for the project:  
**"Deep Learning for Steganalysis – ALASKA2 Dataset"**  
(GitHub Repository – [Rinovative/alaska2-steganalysis](https://github.com/Rinovative/alaska2-steganalysis))  
(BSc Systems Engineering, Computational Engineering Major, OST – Spring 2025, Rino Albertin).

The project primarily uses the ALASKA2 dataset.  
In cases where ALASKA2 is not available, this synthetic dataset provides a compatible fallback for running the full pipeline.

**Important:**  
This demo subset is fixed and remains consistent with the final project version.