Thermal recovery of colour centres induced in cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia by charged particle irradiations
We have used electron paramagnetic resonance to study the thermal annealing of colour centres induced in cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia by swift electron and heavy ion-irradiations. Single crystals were irradiated with 1 or 2-MeV electrons, and 200-MeV 127I, or 200-MeV 197Au ions. Electron and ion beams produce the same colour centres: namely i) an F+-like centre, ii) the so-called T-centre (Zr3+ in a trigonal oxygen local environment), and iii) a hole center. Isochronal annealing was performed up to 973 K. Isothermal annealing was performed at various temperatures on samples irradiated with 2-MeV electrons. The stability of paramagnetic centres increases with fluence and with a TCR treatment at 1373 K under vacuum prior to the irradiations. Two distinct recovery processes are observed depending on fluence and/or thermal treatment. The single-stage type I process occurs for F+-like centres at low fluences in as-received samples, and is probably linked to electron-hole recombination. T-centres are also annealed according to a single-stage process regardless of fluence. The annealing curves allow one to obtain activation energies for recovery. The two-stage type II process is observed only for the F+-like centres in as-received samples, at higher fluences, or in reduced samples. These centres are first annealed in a first stage below 550 K, like in type I, then transform into new paramagnetic centres in a second stage above 550 K. A simple kinetics model is proposed for this process. Complete colour centre bleaching is achieved at about 1000 K.