Fermion Mass Hierarchies and Small Mixing Angles from Extra Dimensions
In this paper we study renormalization-group evolutions of Yukawa matrices enhanced by Kaluza-Klein excited modes and analyze their infrared fixed-point structure. We derive necessary conditions to obtain hierarchies between generations on the fixed point. These conditions restrict how the fields in the models can extend to higher dimension. Several specific mechanisms to realize the conditions are presented. We also take account of generation mixing effects and find a scenario where the mixing angles become small at low energy even with large initial values at high-energy scale. A toy model is shown to lead realistic quark mass matrices.