Supplementary balance laws and the entropy principle
In this work we study the mathematical aspects of the development in the continuum thermodynamics known as the "Entropy Principle". It started with the pioneering works of B.Coleman, W.Noll and I. Muller in 60th of XX cent. and got its further development mostly in the works of G. Boillat, I-Shis Liu and T.Ruggeri. "Entropy Principle" combines in itself the structural requirement on the form of balance laws of the thermodynamical system (denote such system $(\mathcal{C})$) and on the entropy balance law with the convexity condition of the entropy density. First of these requirements has pure mathematical form defining so called "supplementary balance laws" (shortly SBL) associated with the original balance system. Vector space of SBL can be considered as a kind of natural "closure" of the original balance system. This space includes the original balance laws, the entropy balance, the balance laws corresponding to the symmetries of the balance system and some other balance equations. We consider the case of Rational Extended Thermodynamics where densities, fluxes and sources of the balance equations do not depend on the derivatives of physical fields $y^i$. We present the basic structures of RET: Lagrange-Liu equations,"main fields", and dual formulation of the balance system. We obtain and start studying the defining system of equations for the density $h^0$ of a supplementary balance law. This overdetermined linear system of PDE of second order determines all the densities $h^0$ and with them, due to the formalism of RET, the fluxes and sources of SBL. Solvability conditions of defining system delivers the constitutive restrictions on the balance equations of the original balance system. We illustrate our results by some simple examples of balance system and by describing all the supplementary balance laws and the constitutive restrictions for the Cattaneo heat propagation system.