Fragmentation functions of polarized heavy quarkonium
Study of the polarized heavy quarkonium production in recently proposed QCD factorization formalism requires knowledge of a large number of input fragmentation functions (FFs) from a single parton or a heavy quark-antiquark pair to a polarized heavy quarkonium. In this paper, we calculate these FFs at the input scale in terms of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization. We derive all relevant polarized NRQCD long-distance matrix elements based symmetries and propose a self-consistent scheme to define them in arbitrary $d$ dimensions. We then calculate polarized input FFs contributed from all $S$-wave and $P$-wave NRQCD intermediate states. With our calculation of the polarized input FFs, and the partonic hard part available in literatures, the QCD factorization formalism is ready to be applied to polarized heavy quarkonium production.