["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>Here are some classification examples to learn from. Please pay attention to the labels:\n\nSample: In making such comparisons , centralized photographic grading has the advantages of greater reproducibility and lesser risk of observer bias .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At post-intervention and 6 weeks later at follow-up , adolescents in the intervention group had significantly higher fruit : ( P < 0.01 ) and vegetable ( P < 0.05 ) consumption and higher preferences for vegetables ( P < 0.01 ) , compared with the control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A randomised , non-blinded trial provided 0.452 MJ/kg/day as either 6 or 12 feeds of cows ' milk each day to 262 hospitalised male infants aged 3-12 months with acute diarrhoea .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: For the posterior approach , the experienced provider had a 42.1 % accuracy rate compared to 50 % .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Intervention patients had a smaller rise in the number of drugs prescribed ( 0.2 v 0.4 ; mean difference -0.2 , -0.4 to -0.1 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the parent study , 230 newly admitted patients were randomly assigned to methadone either with or without counseling for 4 months followed by standard methadone with counseling .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Treated eyes had a grid of 48 extrafoveal , subthreshold diode ( 810 nm ) laser spots , 125 mum in diameter , placed in an annulus outside of the foveola .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twenty-one hirsute women received the Dianette contraceptive pill ( 35 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol + 2 mg CPA , Schering Healthcare , UK ) , 20 received Dianette plus 20 mg CPA and 19 received Dianette plus 100 mg CPA : supplementary CPA was administered on days 1-10 of the birth control pill cycle as described by Hammerstein .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The efficacy and safety of this formulation was assessed in the current study .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Sixty patients , belonging to ASA classes I and II , undergoing unilateral herniorrhaphy , were randomly assigned to 4 groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Recovery is complete within 3 days after grapefruit juice discontinuation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an all-oral , fixed-dose combination of the hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir and the NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Haemoglobin , serum transferrin saturation , and serum ferritin were measured every 4th week during gestation , prior to delivery , and 1 and 8 weeks post partum .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Obesity and diabetes have become epidemic in the US .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Only the spatial working memory task demonstrated a dose dependent effect .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study found that the Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment provides rapid and profound improvements to the severity of tinnitus symptoms and their effect on the subject 's quality of life .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Hypoglycaemia during wakefulness increases hunger and food intake .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: AUC-ROC for the ERSPC calculator was significantly higher than the PCPT calculator and PSA alone ( 80.1 % , 74.4 % , and 64.3 % , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Secondary outcome analyses to assess the effects of each intervention component indicated that the home-based programs were associated with reduced alcohol , marijuana and tobacco use combined ( P = 0.01 ) , with alcohol use alone approaching statistical significance ( P = 0.06 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In addition to the interest of mixing the sequence of echo-exam in a central blinded review , we studied the effect that might result from group-analysis of all echocardiograms simultaneously for each patient , with their sequence kept blind .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Serum CRM-specific IgE levels correlated with specific IgG1 and IgG4 levels , but no significant correlation was found between serum IgG1 and IgG4 levels .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A randomized control trial was conducted .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eudra CT. .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In group 2 AS diminished also ( from 165 to 126 pg/ml ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean IPSS values in the TUMT plus tamsulosin group at 2 weeks ( 14.0 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 13.1 to 14.9 ) and 6 weeks ( 8.6 ; 95 % CI 7.7 to 9.5 ) were 15 % and 24 % lower , respectively , than those at 2 weeks ( 16.5 , 95 % CI 15.6 to 17.4 ) and 6 weeks ( 11.3 , 95 % CI 10.4 to 12.2 ) in the TUMT-alone group ( P < 0.0005 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The mean length of hospital stay was 6.5 ( SD 1.9 ) days for the nonclosure group and 6.8 ( SD 2.2 ) days for the closure group ( P = 0.21 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Average procedure time was 15 min for CTF and 20 min for EMN ( p = 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The reposition effects of fracture healing had no difference between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A lower 3-MH/Cr ratio and a lower respiratory quotient during propofol anesthesia , compared to those exhibited during sevoflurane anesthesia , suggest that protein sparing probably occurs through the utilization of medium-chain triglycerides contained in the fat emulsion of propofol solution as a fuel source .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification examples with their corresponding labels:\n\nSample: An experimental , noninferiority adaptive trial was designed with four levels of analysis : 34 pairs of mothers and newborns , after elective cesarean delivery , were randomized to SSC ( n = 17 ) or routine care ( n = 17 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There are few data on how patients on maintenance treatment of reflux oesophagitis take their medication .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: NCT00568542 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Secondary outcome measures included measures of depression ( including response and remission ) , anxiety , pain , safety ( e.g. , blood pressure ) , and tolerability ( e.g. , discontinuation symptoms ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: None of the other 484 additional SNPs tested for association was significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Of these , 147 received no PCS ( PCS-Off group ) , whereas 148 received low-dose PCS ( starting dose , 15 mg/day of prednisolone ) for 6 weeks ( PCS-On group ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The lead researcher will be blinded to the allocation of the physiotherapist when analyzing outcome data ; statistical analysis will involve classical linear models incorporating both an intervention effect and a random intercept term to reflect systematic differences among clusters .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Participants ( N = 250 ) were randomly assigned to the CHANGE intervention ( supplemental to usual care ) or a usual-care-only group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The American Academy of Pediatrics , the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women , Infants , and Children ( WIC ) , and the World Health Organization recommend that infants receive only breast milk or formula for the first 4 to 6 months of life , followed by the introduction of complementary foods .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The incidence of CRBD was 90 % in group I , 66 % in group II , and 26 % in group III .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Twelve patients in the methotrexate group had to discontinue treatment because of reversible elevations in liver-enzyme levels , and 1 patient in the cyclosporine group had to do so because of an elevation in the bilirubin level , but all 13 were included in the analysis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To investigate the effect of simultaneous administration of [ 6S ] -5 - methyltetrahydrofolic acid ( [ 6S ] -5 - CH ( 3 ) H ( 4 ) PteGlu ) with L-ascorbic acid ( L-AA ) on serum folate concentrations in healthy male subjects .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: These results suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of albuterol 100 micrograms qid inhaled via Turbuhaler is similar to albuterol 200 micrograms qid , inhaled via pMDI in stable reversible obstructive airways disease .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Open treatment with intramuscular olanzapine or intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Fifty-one participants completed two randomly assigned sessions beginning with either 12 minutes of HSB or silence , followed by a 20-minute DR session .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Women are recruited through mass mailings and media advertising and are randomized to either a 1-yr moderate intensity aerobic and strength training exercise program ( monitored group exercise sessions plus home exercise ) or a control program ( stretching classes ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , although these measures had decreased remarkably in the control group 2 months after operation ( P < .001 for serum tuftsin ; P = .04 for serum IgM ) , they remained stable in the splenic autotransplantation group ( P = .25 for serum tuftsin ; P = .12 for serum IgM ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic US in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: 76 ( 86 % ) patients in the Trevo group and 54 ( 60 % ) in the Merci group met the primary endpoint after the assigned device was used ( odds ratio 422 , 95 % CI 192-969 ; p ( superiority ) < 00001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The severity scores of the symptoms , as well as the gastric emptying , were detected before and after 4-week treatment by barium strip-trial meal .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The inspired O2 concentration ( FIO2 ) was measured using a paramagnetic technique , and N2O levels were measured with infrared sensors ; the inspired nitrogen concentration ( FIN2 ) was calculated by the following formula : FIN2 = 1-FIO2-FIN2O , where FIN2O is the inspired N2O concentration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Our clinical results confirm the diagnostic accuracy of both the Mammotome and Vacora systems , whereas our cost analysis shows that there is a considerable difference , mostly related to the initial investment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , other investigators have reported that although such treatment could help control symptoms , the benefits can disappear within months of stopping treatment .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The 1-hour CCIs of 33 transfused A-PLT units were comparable with those of 43 T-PLT units ( 11.8 vs. 13.9 , p = 0.480 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: These 3 psychosocial treatments were beneficial , with treatment effect sizes in the small to moderate range .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There was no statistical difference in body mass index ( BMI ) between the two groups before and after treatment ( P > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The range of motion measurements failed to reveal any significant difference between the groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To describe a modified research consent process , and determine whether literacy and demographic characteristics are associated with understanding consent information .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Both diode and Er : YAG lasers gave excellent results in gingival hyperpigmentation .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>I've successfully recorded all of this data.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>Here are categorized examples with their respective labels:\n\nSample: Diabetic patients ( n = 29 ) had 62 % higher ( P < 0.05 ) levels of TxB2 and 15 % higher levels ( P < 0.05 ) of MDA in comparison to normal subjects ( n = 21 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ( Funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01238536 . )\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Adding sufentanil 5 microg to either local anaesthetic significantly prolonged duration of effective analgesia compared to supplemental fentanyl 10 or 20 microg .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Significant between-group difference was only reached on the domains ` sleep ' : tibolone 7.2 versus placebo 15.2 and ` physical mobility ' : tibolone 3.8 versus placebo 3.0 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: D+A / BPO showed a favourable composite efficacy/safety profile compared with ISO .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The median time to progression was 7.51 ( 2-35 ) months for group A and 7.7 ( 1-28 ) months for group B ( P = 0.34 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The most frequent complications were : elevated intraocular pressure , allergy to postoperative treatment , corneal abrasion , punctuate epitheliopathy , iris prolapse and postoperative hyphema , whose rates did not differ between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The rehabilitation program lasted for 1 year , with periodic home visits by a physiotherapist and included respiratory reeducation training of the respiratory muscles and muscular training .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Data were analysed thematically and thoroughly discussed among members of the project team ; emerging themes were then grouped and read again repeatedly until the themes were consistent .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Dropout rates in the IFX/SSZ + HCQ groups were 30 % / 43 % ( p = 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 15 min , less hypotension and bradycardia was noted in group SR. .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A stratified , cluster-randomized , controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effects of a teleconferenced educational detailing ( TED ) CME on glycemic control ( hemoglobin [ Hb ] A1c ) and family physician adherence to national diabetes guidelines .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study showed that OMC could be an effective alternative to treat olecranon fractures .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A better rate in terms of surgical performance score was noted by the tutors when the study participants were using 3D vs 2D , for both PY ( 3.6 [ 0.8 ] vs 3.0 [ 0.4 ] ; P = .034 ) and PN ( 3.6 [ 0.51 ] vs 3.15 [ 0.63 ] ; P = .001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The mean loss of motion ( compared to the contralateral shoulder ) was greater in the open shoulders .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cardiovascular and echocardiographic data were recorded in both groups at baseline , and at the end-tidal concentrations needed for intubation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was also no correlation between these serum markers and pathological tumour grade .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The cumulative risk of prostate cancer was decreased in patients on 20 mg toremifene compared with placebo ( 24.4 % vs 31.2 % , p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Placebo or nimodipine 60 mg was given orally every four hours for 21 days to 276 and 278 patients , respectively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Nausea , with or without vomiting ( postoperative nausea and vomiting , PONV ) , occurs up to 60-76 % after thyroidectomy and other head and neck surgeries .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: We compared the number of blood eosinophils , concentration of serum eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) , and pruritus in patients with psoriasis treated with either CyA or etretinate .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: One possible explanation could be that the independently saturable effects of flow-mediated versus acceleration-related endothelial shear stresses on arterial structure and function differ between ambulatory and bed-rest conditions .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Continuous administration of OHC prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women , suggesting that this drug may be useful in the management of postmenopausal bone loss .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In-depth substudy from an approved , open , controlled , randomized study comparing the immune modulating effects of CART in combination with COX-2i after 12 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients in group A ( n = 19 ) were given 800 ml of 12.5 % glucose solution for oral intake the night before surgery , and 200 ml two hours before surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Gastric residual volume was similar between groups ( p = 0.95 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Low-back pain , leg pain , and numbness were evaluated using a visual analog scale ( VAS ) before and after a 2-week course of treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Enoxaparin was noninferior to UFH for the 30-day primary end point of death/myocardial infarction ( MI ) , but modestly increased bleeding .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: At 12 months after surgery , the stimulated group had a fusion rate of 92.8 % compared with 86.7 % for the control group ( p = .1129 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The study was conducted through a referral pediatric otolaryngology practice with actual surgical procedures performed in an ambulatory care center .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the present study , we have observed that adjunctive SAMe can have positive benefit on male arousal and erectile dysfunction , independent of improvement in depressive symptoms .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Rapid post-anaesthetic awakening and low hypnotic potency are two characteristic properties of the new opioid remifentanil .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: During the 12 months after 30 days from receipt of the third dose 15 per-protocol participants in the placebo group developed hepatitis E compared with none in the vaccine group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Test sessions were twice per week ; dosing was double-blind .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Impairment of substantia nigra function is thought to lead to this reduced ability to suppress reflexive saccades .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The primary endpoint for study 1 was maximum percentage decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1 ) over 4-10 h after allergen challenge , whereas that in study 2 was average percentage decrease in FEV ( 1 ) over 4-10 h after allergen challenge .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Efficacy to year 2 is presented for patients randomly assigned to abatacept or infliximab who switched to open-label abatacept .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At 52 wk , semen volume was decreased ( D , -29.7 % ; F , -14.5 % , significantly for D ) as was sperm concentration ( D , -3.2 % ; [ corrected ] F , -7.4 % , neither significant ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: 280 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in perspective , controlled study with two parallel groups of consecutive patients without contraindication for thrombolysis , who were seen by general emergency physicians before hospitalization ( Gr .1 ) or later in hospital by the attending cardiologist ( Gr .2 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary end point , adjusted mean HbA1c reduction with dapagliflozin ( -0.52 % ) compared with glipizide ( -0.52 % ) , was statistically noninferior at 52 weeks .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Their mean age was 35.7 years ( range , 21-51 years ) , their mean height was 177 cm ( range , 169-182 cm ) , and their mean body weight was 77.6 kg ( range , 68-85 kg ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Significant differences in results from secondary analyses indicated the efficacy of mesalamine .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After 12 weeks of treatment , the mean FEV ( 1 ) AUC ( bl ) was significantly greater in patients who received FSC compared with those who received FP , SAL , or PLA ( 7.0 , 3.6 , 5.3 , and 1.4 L-h , respectively ; all comparisons , P < or = 0.020 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A vignette methodology was employed and involved the development of a fictional character as a target stimulus who exhibited the minimum DSM-IV-R criteria for a major depressive disorder .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twenty ARDS/acute lung injury ( ALI ) patients requiring mechanical ventilation support were randomized into two groups after stabilizing for 30 minutes .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>These are labeled examples for classification tasks:\n\nSample: However , results in the second and third groups were similar ( P > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Screw failure was documented .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cure rates of 60 % , 90 % , 90 % and 95 % were obtained in groups 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: An essential public health goal is to reduce age-related disabilities in the elderly .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Follow-up ranged from 13 to 23 months ( mean , 18 months ; median , 17 months ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Adverse events or complications did not occur .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was a significant difference in the VRFAS between the patients and the healthy subjects ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 12 months after operation , BMD among three groups were increased more than preoperative , and BMD in comprehensive group was more obviously than that of in control and treatment group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Measures included a personality inventory ( NEO Five Factor Inventory ) and outcome measures of symptomatology ( Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded ) and coping strategies ( Cybernetic Coping Scale ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In addition , no hydrocodone/acetaminophen patients reported inadequate analgesia compared with six codeine/acetaminophen patients ( P less than .05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Retreatment of nonresponders with interferon-ribavirin combination therapy results in limited benefit ; only 13 % of patients achieved sustained virological response .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Simultaneous impact of amikacin on the receptor cells of the vestibular organ causes damage to both the semicircular canal and otolith organ receptors .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: 65 minocycline and 60 lymecycline patients were evaluable .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Increased radiation doses and additional periods of androgen deprivation might lead to further benefit .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Use of intravenous piperacillin for 72 hours in preterm premature rupture of membranes significantly prolongs the latency period between membrane rupture and delivery .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Since other authors have shown that combined inhaled nitric oxide and steroids improved the histologic damage both in pulmonary and systemic organs in a porcine endotoxin model , we examined if an anti-inflammatory interaction could be demonstrated in humans .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Five doses of epidural meperidine ( 12.5 , 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100 mg ) given at the first request for analgesia after cesarean section were compared .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Postprandial plasma glucose ( PG ) responses ( total area under the curve ) were lower with both glimepiride ( 2,136 292 min mmol/L ) and liraglutide ( 2,624 340 min mmol/L ) compared with baseline ( 3,127 291 min mmol/L ; P < 0.001 , glimepiride ; P = 0.017 , liraglutide ) , with no difference between treatments ( P = 0.121 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Remote ischemic preconditioning ( RIPC ) is a phenomenon in which a short period of sub-lethal ischemia in one organ protects against subsequent bouts of ischemia in another organ .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To compare whole-brain radiation therapy ( WBRT ) with WBRT combined with thalidomide for patients with brain metastases not amenable to resection or radiosurgery .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Verbal autopsy ( VA ) has been proposed to determine the cause of death ( COD ) distributions in settings where most deaths occur without medical attention or certification .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Exposed sites that were not covered by 1 month remained exposed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The major limitation of this study is that we did not include a transforaminal epidural steroid injection group , since that is one of the approaches still commonly used in contemporary pain practices for the treatment of low back pain with unilateral radicular pain .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine the clusters between the functional items at baseline and the follow-up .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the SST , clinical identification of severe cataract ( LOCS III scores of 4.5 or worse for nuclear opacity or nuclear color ) by the examining ophthalmologist was valid based on comparison with LOCS III scores and may be an adequate method to use in similar trials .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: All subjects were randomly divided into two groups ; one was treated using Perfetti 's method and the other using conventional occupational therapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Previous studies using similar therapies have been confounded by placebo bias .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This could be due to the relatively simple nature of the devices prescribed in this clinic .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Sensory and motor block onset time as well as the duration of motor and sensory block of those were monitored and recorded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Although a promising tool for in-hospital hyperglycemia therapy , SAP needs improvement before continuing to large-scale randomized controlled trials .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: One hundred thirteen patients , 18 years of age and older , with dry eye were enrolled in a prospective , double-masked , multisite , parallel-group study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels also showed greater reductions as compared with control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: II .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Anaesthesia was induced with an effect-site-controlled infusion of remifentanil at 2 ng ml ( -1 ) for 3 min .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: By use of receiver operating characteristic analysis , thresholds were derived to predict 30-day mortality with at least 95 % negative predictive value .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At 3 months postoperatively , the 0.5 mg/ml group showed no significant changes in N1 and P1 response amplitudes and peak latencies , whereas the 1.25 mg/ml ICG group showed significant reductions in N1 and P1 response amplitudes compared with baseline .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Botulinum toxin A ( Btx-A ) is a long-acting inhibitor of acetylcholine-mediated peristalsis , which is mainly responsible for gastric motility .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Double-bundle PCL reconstruction will present better results than SB reconstruction in postoperative outcomes .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In a prospective , randomized study , 40 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with shed mediastinal blood collected in a cardiotomy reservoir were divided into two equal groups and studied during their first 4 hours in the intensive care unit .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Multivariate linear regression was used to adjust analyses for important covariates .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In adults , vaccination schedules combining PCV7 and 23vP do not provide improved immunogenicity over the use of a single dose of 23vP for most of the serotypes contained in PCV7 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Early infection after stroke is frequent but the clinical value of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute stroke has never been explored .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Vaginal pulse amplitude responses varied from robust to absent .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The results of this study indicate that the primary intraosseous injection of 2 % lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine is more successful and results in a longer duration of pulpal anesthesia as compared with 3 % mepivacaine in noninflamed mandibular first molars .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However the addition of 30 g of oil and 3 g of sodium propionate to the pasta did reduce gastric emptying , increase GLP-1 and reduce glucose and insulin concentrations .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Patients were randomized to either diltiazem extended release ( ER ) tablets each evening ( 240 mg titrated to 360 mg and to 540 mg ) or ramipril each evening ( 5 mg titrated to 10 mg and to 20 mg ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Opiate use significantly reduced SF36 domains RP , BP , VT , SF , MH , and MCS at 6 months and was associated with more subsequent inpatient episodes and central line reinsertions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Appropriately guided selective use of low-osmolality contrast agents is feasible and has the potential to reduce cost substantially without compromising safety or effectiveness .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A double-blinded , randomized , multicentre-designed , phase III trial to investigate the non-inferiority of NTC to existing botulinum toxin A , onabotulinumtoxin A in the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The primary end point was clinical remission by week 12 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Reconstitution time was 2 minutes with water and 9 to 10 minutes with apple or orange juice .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>Please observe these classification examples and their associated labels:\n\nSample: Efficacy and safety data were obtained until 480 min after postanesthesia care unit entry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The R value for the multivariate model was , on average 0.57 ( max = 0.68 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study assessed whether a cycle of `` routine '' therapeutic drug monitoring ( TDM ) for imatinib dosage individualization , targeting an imatinib trough plasma concentration ( C min ) of 1,000 ng/ml ( tolerance : 750-1 ,500 ng/ml ) , could improve clinical outcomes in chronic myelogenous leukemia ( CML ) patients , compared with TDM use only in case of problems ( `` rescue '' TDM ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In patients who were followed-up , persistent disease was detected in one ( 0.6 % ) woman in the microcolposcopy group and in 16 ( 10 % ) women in the control group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Those in the DVD group also had fewer additional office visits between birth and 2 months ( P = .01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant differences in fasting plasma glucose , serum insulin , plasma glucagon , serum C-peptide and serum lipid concentrations or in iron and zinc indices were found between the two groups over time .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Improving performance of etiquette-based medicine may improve patient satisfaction .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Intraperitoneal instillation of lidocaine-epinephrine combined with mesosalpinx infiltration of lidocaine during tubal sterilization produces effective , long-lasting analgesia and improves the postoperative course .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene E4 increased significantly at antigen sites compared with buffer sites during placebo administration and were the most prominent arachidonic acid metabolites detected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Buildups were constructed with Filtek Z250 and cured in three increments of 2 mm each .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Measurements were performed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained 6 hrs postchallenge .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which hyaluronan can lead to clinically significant healing of periodontal lesions .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We investigated whether human VNN1 levels could be associated to the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD ) and explored the participation of PPARg to these processes .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: There were significant reductions of size of the herniated mass on magnetic resonance imaging after treatment , but no differences between groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 22.8 % of patients who received sildenafil and in 10.2 % of those who received placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Each patient was fitted with a Futuro wrist orthosis .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: One patient in the unilateral group experienced a pneumothorax , and two patients in the bilateral group were treated for transient respiratory failure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Conditions were considered `` excellent '' if there were no adverse responses , and `` satisfactory '' if such a response was mild and transient .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The mean decrement in the estimated glomerular filtration rate after 24 months was 8.9 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area in the everolimus group versus 7.7 ml per minute in the placebo group ( P = 0.15 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Three horses were randomly selected to receive treatment 1 ( saline [ 0.9 % NaCl ] solution ) , and the remaining 3 horses received treatment 2 ( enalaprilat ; 0.5 mg/kg of body weight , IV ) before each simulated race .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Children in homes cleaned 20 or more times throughout the year had an average blood lead reduction of 34 % .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Weight increased similarly in both groups ( P = 0.09 ) by 4.47 kg ( 95 % CI 0.89-8 .04 kg ) ( insulin group ) and 7.15 kg ( 95 % CI 4.18-10 .13 kg ) ( orals group ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The administration of oxazepam in group 1 and additional oxazepam in group 2 was determined using a standardized measure of alcohol withdrawal .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The hypothesis was that a combination of budesonide and formoterol on demand diminishes EIB equally to regular inhalation of budesonide and is more effective than terbutaline inhaled on demand .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Data on all randomized patients were included in the safety analyses for adverse effects and changes in blood pressure .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The impact of menarche interval on the odds of developing CIN2-3 / AIS was evaluated in placebo recipients who were DNA negative to HPV 6/11/16 / 18/31/33 / 35/39/45 / 51/52/56 / 58/59 and seronegative to HPV 6/11/16 / 18 at day 1 , and had a normal Pap result at day 1 and month 7 , thus approximating sexually naive adolescents ( n = 504 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Acute withdrawal was also associated with increased dyssynchrony ( SD time to peak transverse strain 178 68 ms vs 195 62 ms ; P = .16 ; and SD time to peak longitudinal strain 108 46 ms vs 125 55 ms ; P = .046 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This advantage of eradication therapies in PUD patients seems to be observed with 7-day PPI-based triple regimens , and with 5-day RBC-based quadruple therapy , while the 7-day RBC-based triple regimen seems to be equally effective in both diseases .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that AE reports of nausea and vomiting were most likely due to prerandomization events , particularly opioid consumption and presence of nausea prior to randomization .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study is the first study to compare a Chinese Herbal Medicine ( Ma Zi Ren Wan ) with a laxative that is commonly used in the clinical practice of western medicine , and with a placebo .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The aim of the present randomized intervention study was to investigate the effect of receiving extended cancer genetic information on counselees ' knowledge , risk perception , information sharing and satisfaction with the service .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Both groups improved over time and did not differ significantly on the HAM-D-17 or IDS-SR at follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Four patients were excluded from the current analysis ( 2 died before treatment , 2 received treatment elsewhere ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eighteen opioid-dependent patients were stabilized for 4 weeks with naltrexone ( 50 mg daily ) and lofexidine ( 2.4 mg bid ) before entering a 4-week randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled discontinuation study where one group continued on lofexidine for an additional 4 weeks , while the second was tapered to placebo ( Lofexidine-naltrexone vs Placebo-naltrexone ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Neurologic rehabilitation unit of a university hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients were randomized by the final digit of their Social Security numbers and received between 2 and 4 PC-DC treatments , spaced 8 weeks apart .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Lipid-altering efficacy and safety were assessed in all treated patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Noted. I'll remember these details.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: A prospective , randomized , double-blind , therapeutic equivalence study comparing two propofol 1 % emulsions ( Propofol 1 % Fresenius vs. Diprivan 1 % ) was performed in 60 patients scheduled for routine surgery or for diagnostic laparoscopic procedures requiring anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Little evidence exists to guide educators in the best way to implement simulation within surgical skills curricula .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Attrition ( 24 % ) was similar between groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Good antibody persistence was observed through 12 months postvaccination after both treatment schedules for serogroups C , W-135 , Y.\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Thus improved nitrogen retention reflected entirely improved synthesis .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Repeated measurements of HCV RNA among the two groups revealed no difference ( P = 0.215 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This prospective study compared the outcomes of 0.5 vs 2.0 mg intravitreal ranibizumab injections ( RI ) for treating vascularized pigment epithelial detachment ( vPED ) due to age-related macular degeneration .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The consistent delivery , absorption , and pharmacokinetics should result in an effective treatment of patients with overactive bladder .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A convenience sample included 73 hospitalized pregnant women who were between 24 and 42 weeks gestation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of the 689 patients enrolled , approximately 60 % were boys and 60 % were white .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: oral desmopressin daily significantly decreased the mean number of wet nights when administered for 6 weeks .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The primary purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the association between pretreatment bone turnover marker ( BTM ) concentrations and the absolute and relative fracture risks after adjusting for baseline femoral neck BMD , number of prevalent vertebral fractures , and age .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Fourteen days after therapy , all patients had parasite-free splenic aspirates and were considered to have an apparent clinical and parasitologic response .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We compared depressive symptom remission , response , and quality of life among participants in each study arm using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Tongyan spray was an effective and safe method for post-stroke dysphagia patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: First line treatment for this disease is antimonial compounds ; however , owing to the intermittent failure of this treatment and its significant side-effects alternative therapeutic measures have been advocated .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: We have confirmed previous observations of increased levels of TF and decreased FMD in hypertensive patients compared to healthy controls .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A total of 150 adult subjects with chronic sinusitis symptoms were recruited from the community and assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups : nasal irrigation with bulb syringe , nasal irrigation with nasal irrigation pot , or control treatment with reflexology massage .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Tall children ( stature 135-150 cm ) and HIII 10-year-old were restrained on booster cushions or restrained by 3-point belts directly on the car seat .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Treatment with pantoprazole did not have influence on the clinical course of acute pancreatitis .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Participants then repeated the procedure ( although they were not expected to inhale because no drug was to be administered ) until they made 3 consecutive correct attempts .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This was seen especially in the first hour of the dwell .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Ramipril improved walking distance in patients with claudication ; however , this improvement was not related to improved ABPI but might have been due to ramipril reducing arterial stiffness .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The levels of PEFR and IFN-gamma significantly increased and IL-4 obviously decreased in the three groups after treatment ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were followed for 6 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the voiding group , 108 were able to finish the study ( TAM : 54 , TAM + SOL : 54 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: One hundred sixty-nine subjects completed the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This trial will provide evidence on the effects and costs of using placement-matching guidelines based on a standardized assessment with structured feedback in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of one year with zoledronate or ibandronate given intravenously on lipid profile and on carotid artery intima-media thickness ( CA-IMT ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: 251 patients with cystic fibrosis who were chronically infected with multiresistant gram negative bacteria gave sputum at 3-month intervals for conventional culture and sensitivity tests and for combination antibiotic susceptibility tests using multiple combination bactericidal antibiotic testing ( MCBT ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Hence , optic nerve sonography may serve as an additional diagnostic tool that could alert clinicians to the presence of elevated ICP , whenever invasive ICP evaluation is contraindicated and/or is not available .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At our institution , 74 patients ( 38 rhBMP-2 / CRM , 36 ICBG ) reached minimum 1-year follow-up and were included in this analysis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Leflunomide is safe and well tolerated and no unexpected adverse events were noted during the 2 year period ; diarrhea , nausea , and alopecia were less frequent with continued treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: They were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane ( group S , n = 50 ) or isoflurane ( group I , n = 58 ) in oxygen and nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The tone of the wrist flexor was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0 , 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 and 12 using the Modified Ashworth Scale ( MAS ) for wrist , finger , thumb and disability in activities of daily living ( ADL ) was rated using the 4-point Disability Assessment Scale ( DAS ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Excellent inter-observer reliability among three reviewers was found , with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ( ICC ) agreement = 0.931882 and ICC consistency = 0.932485 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 595 patients entered the study ; 117 ( 20 % ) completed 7years .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Physio-psychological treatment develops children 's ability to control nocturnal micturition , its curative effects were better than that of the drug treatment whilst its relapse rate is lower as compared to drug treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No significant differences between treatment groups were noted with regard to age , frequency of positive findings on temporal artery biopsy ( placebo 87 % , MTX 79 % ) , or comorbidities at the time of enrollment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomization to 0.5 ml intracameral , unpreserved , epinephrine-free 1 % lidocaine or placebo was conducted .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes , recurrent myocardial infarction , cardiogenic shock , or New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) class IV heart failure within 180 days .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Noted. I'll remember these details.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>These examples show different classes - please note the labels:\n\nSample: In their intravascular ultrasound substudies , 103 patients ( 54 BMS , 49 PES ) had intravascular ultrasound data 10 mm distal to the stent both postprocedure and at 9 months follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cases ( N = 512 ) were children diagnosed with brain tumor and controls ( N = 525 ) were randomly selected from the Medical Birth Register .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In Graves ' hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs ( ATD ) , the overall relapse rate reaches 30-50 % following ATD discontinuation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The objec tives of this study were to determine microtensile bond strengths of two dentin adhesives and to compare the micromorphological structure of the resin/dentin interface in caries-affected dentin with that of intact dentin .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The improvement in exercise capacity did not correlate with base-line exercise capacity .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary endpoint was overall survival , with secondary endpoints of response rates , progression-free survival , toxic effects , and quality of life .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: For the EXECUTIVE registry , the primary endpoint is a composite of all death , myocardial infarction ( Q-wave and non-Q-wave ) , and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization at 12 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both trials showed greater risk of any gallbladder disease or surgery with estrogen ( CEE : HR , 1.67 ; 95 % CI , 1.35-2 .06 ; E + P : HR , 1.59 ; 95 % CI , 1.28-1 .97 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Those identified early had greater benefit through additional years of use/better adaptation to use than those of the same age and hearing impairment who were fitted with hearing aids later .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All studies lasted 6 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Two hundred thirty-eight participants completed the trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Asthma knowledge was evaluated at enrollment and 6-week telephone follow-up .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both physiotherapy interventions improved the range of movement and lessened pain in patients with ankle arthropathy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: nimesulid bd .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Generally , both formulations were well tolerated .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction qualified to PCI were randomly assigned to transradial ( group I ; n = 50 ) and transfemoral ( group II ; n = 50 ) approaches .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Before and after treatment , two biopsy specimens each were obtained from the antrum and corpus , and the grade and activity of gastritis , as well as H. pylori density , were determined using a score ranging from 0 = none to 4 = severe .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: By logistic regression analysis , three factors significantly and independently affected the risk for pneumothorax including lesion size ( transverse and longitudinal diameter ) , distance from pleura and utilizing or avoiding the breath-hold after deep expiration maneuver .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: One-week low-dose triple therapy is currently considered the gold standard regimen for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: ChiCTR-TRC-10000835 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Results for all efficacy end points in cycles 2-4 were consistent with the results from cycle 1 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Poststroke depression ( PSD ) occurs in the context of abrupt , often catastrophic disability that finds the patient and his or her family unprepared .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: After these 6 weeks total cholesterol was reduced significantly in the group given biologically fermented milk ( -0.37 mmol/l , confidence interval : -0.51 to -0.23 ) while no changes were observed in the placebo group ( -0.02 mmol/l ) ( P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To investigate polymeric nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for protein biocontrol agents for control of the brushtail possum , Trichosurus vulpecula .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The authors investigated the effect of gain-framed ( GF ) compared with loss-framed ( LF ) messages on exercise behaviors in normal weight and among overweight/class I obese .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with caregiver strain .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After the vaccination course , all individuals were anti-HAV positive .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Participants were 2,002 children aged 2 to 59 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: If , after receipt of i.v. ondansetron , patients had two or more emetic episodes between fractions of TBI or five total emetic episodes , additional antiemetics were administered .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Potential participants are identified using AUDIT-C questionnaire .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In a further multivariate model , Gal-3 > 30 ng/mL was associated [ OR ( 95 % CI ) :2.98 ( 1.43-6 .22 ) , P = 0.004 ] with death or HF hospitalization , along with left ventricular end-systolic volume > 200 mL [ 3.42 ( OR : 1.65-7 .10 ) , P = 0.001 ] .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although more hyperplastic lesions were detected throughout the colon in the study group ( P = 0.033 ) , there was no difference between the two groups in either the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma or in the total number of adenomas detected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: These groups were also compared with a historical group of patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at the same institution between 2006 and 2010 , selected using matched propensity scores .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Mean plasma concentrations of insulin , C-peptide , glucagon , and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide were 10-23 % lower ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Student t-test at a 95 % significance level .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Hyperglycemia had no significant effect on any of the other cardiovascular reflex tests .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Morphine equivalent opioid doses differed ( mg/d transdermal fentanyl : 183 ; transdermal buprenorphine : 89 ; oral hydromorphone : 143 ; p = 0.001 ) , because of obvious tolerance varying after long-term treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Insulin dose requirements and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide secretion were analyzed in patients grouped according to IA-2 antibody status at entry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Single-dose nevirapine was provided to prevent transmission .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A secondary outcome was cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , severe recurrent ischemia , or ischemic stroke .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This simplifies the care of patients with deranged clotting times requiring cholangeopancreatography , particularly those to be managed as out-patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We conducted a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients who had undergone a tracheostomy to aid weaning from mechanical ventilation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Dietary goals were not fully met ; self-reported contrasts were closer to 2 % protein , 8 % fat , and 14 % carbohydrate at 6 mo and 1 % , 7 % , and 10 % , respectively , at 2 y.\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Clinically meaningful PME ( central subfield thickness increase > 60 m relative to baseline ) was computed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of 125 study patients ( 64 assigned to diazepam and 61 to placebo ) with a history of acute repetitive seizures , 91 ( 47 children and 44 adults ) were treated for an exacerbation of seizures during the study period .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Thus , identifying new interventions that increase physical activity and reduce television viewing would be helpful in the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Participants received up to 1 hour of daily ( Monday to Friday ) treatment with MTS to the UL for 6 weeks during the intervention ( B ) phase .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eighty percent of 98 vaccine recipients shed at least one vaccine strain .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Females in their reproductive period are more responsive to SSRI ( fluoxetine ) than norepinephrinergic tetracyclic antidepressant ( maprotiline ) treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Subjects assigned to the CAL condition were given a 1,000-1 ,500 kcal/day goal and self-monitored calories consumed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Treatment sides had greater decrease in lesion counts than observation sides of face at weeks 2 ( P < .001 ) and 5 ( P = .02 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In these patients we had information only about the sentinel lymph node ( SLN ) status , but the further axillary nodal involvement remained unknown .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>Here are categorized examples with their respective labels:\n\nSample: The new technique consists of five beams , each having an open segment covering the entire PTV and several smaller segments in which the rectum is shielded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: No effect of clenbuterol was seen in sweat response to epinephrine administration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , mean number and duration of compulsive episodes , as determined from daily diary entries , did not differ significantly between groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Blood samples were taken from radial artery at different time points , i.e. , before CPB ( T1 ) , nasopharyngeal temperature ( 30-31 degrees C ) stabilized stage ( T2 ) , nasopharyngeal temperature restoration ( 36 degrees C ) stage ( T3 ) , 30 min after CPB ( T4 ) and 3 h after CPB ( T5 ) , for determination of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) levels in plasma and erythrocyte ( P-MDA , E-MDA , P-SOD and E-SOD ) , as well as the Na + - K + - ATPase and Ca + - Mg2 + - ATPase activities in erythrocytes .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Myopia and axial length progressed at a similar rate in both eyes for most children in COMET during the period of fast progression and eventual stabilization .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Indomethacin did not affect intellectual function among preterm children .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Since the difference is not clinically relevant , a therapy without IMI is noninferior to its application ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Disturbance to normal corneal sensitivity may play a role in contact lens-related dry eye and discomfort .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to evaluate costs associated with the primary intervention of the Mediterranean Lifestyle Program ( MLP ) , which targeted postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes at risk for coronary heart disease .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Objective remission occurred in 6 out of 11 evaluable patients from the group receiving Glutathione ( 55 % ; complete remission : 9 % ; partial remission : 46 % ) , and in 4 out of 8 evaluable patients from the control group ( partial remission : 50 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To evaluate hemodynamic changes with the use of 4 % articaine and 2 different concentrations of epinephrine ( 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 ) in the surgical removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A total of 180 continuous glucose profiles were examined ( 140 type 1 diabetes , 40 type 2 diabetes ) , providing 20,433 h of data for analysis ( 16,117 h type 1 diabetes , 4,316 type 2 diabetes ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The presence of symptoms beyond 28 days and any impairment in HRQL were found to reflect age and comorbidity rather than the persistent effects of the pneumonia itself .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Whether this treatment will lower the risk of future atherosclerotic vascular events remains to be investigated .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In addition , the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of corticosteroid injection beyond that of a placebo saline injection will be studied .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To compare the effectiveness of single bolus dose of esmolol or fentanyl in attenuating the haemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: On day 4 , each subject ingested a single 40 mg dose of lovastatin .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In addition , changes of blood pressure , heart rate , urinary excretion of sodium , and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were measured .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A total of 53 patients with type 2 DM were randomly assigned to undergo either an 8-week stress management program , consisting of 10 min of diaphragmatic breathing and 15 min of progressive muscle relaxation twice per day ( n = 25 , intervention group ) , or not ( n = 28 , control group ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There is insufficient evidence about the cost-effectiveness of SH for grade II haemorrhoids to recommend its routine use in place of RBL .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The Wheelchair Self-Efficacy Enhanced for Use ( WheelSeeU ) research program provides peer-led training that may positively influence wheelchair use while reducing clinician burden .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Furthermore , no renal impairment was observed in either groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Moreover , the rs2383206 was still significantly associated with a 1.75-fold increased risk of overall mortality ( p = 0.02 ) even after adjustment of a Cox multivariate model for age , previous myocardial infarction , diabetes , smoking and type of coronary anatomy .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to determine if lithium treatment added to 30mCi 131I would enhance the success rate of this treatment compared with 30mCi 131I alone in patients who were thyroidectomized for treatment of low-risk DTC .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In this study , three different dosages of omeprazole , amoxycillin , and metronidazole were compared , and the influence of metronidazole resistance on eradication was assessed .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: CaMg was non-inferior to the comparator at controlling serum phosphorus levels at Week 25 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The aim of this prospective , randomized , double-blind study was to determine the effects of adding nitrous oxide on sevoflurane requirement for blunting sympathetic responses after surgical incision combined with two different target-controlled concentrations of remifentanil ( 1 and 3 ng mL ( -1 ) ) in female .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Pain scores were significantly lower in M group than in P group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Ultrasound measurements also did not reveal statistically significant reduction in fat layer thickness ( P > 0.5 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were instructed to match the pool exercises to their threshold of pain and fatigue .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Measuring BMD within 5 years after alendronate discontinuation is unlikely to change management for women with total hip BMD 0.6 T-scores above a prespecified retreatment threshold within the range of -1.75 to -3 T-scores .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Sixty percent of Group 3 , participants with moderate baseline dietary fat who received the SNAP curriculum , were successful .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ( 1 ) To develop and implement a model of Chinese midwives ' antenatal clinic service and ( 2 ) to explore its effect on childbirth outcomes , psychological state and satisfaction , for primiparae .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Intensive anti-platelet treatment could significantly reduce major cardiac event rates in patients with high platelet aggregability after percutaneous coronary intervention .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There was no change in HbA1c over the treatment period .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>Here are categorized examples with their respective labels:\n\nSample: Patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were randomized to receive .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Blood flow were measured using magnetic resonance imaging .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Once-daily IDX320 dosing demonstrated potent dose-dependent antiviral activity in treatment-naive HCV genotype-1-infected patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of acidic soft drinks containing food approved polymers , on dental enamel .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Needs assessment can be performed quickly and inexpensively .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The duration of motor block was longer in the clonidine group ( 165.5 + / - 30.6 min ) than in the control group ( 139.7 + / - 40.4 min ; P < 0.05 ) and the duration of sensory block was also longer in the clonidine group ( 157.3 + / - 24.5 min ) than in the control group ( 137.2 + / - 31.2 min ; P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The plasma concentration of mivacurium in the autologous blood after its removal was 420 + / - 142 microg/L ; before retransfusion , it was 384 + / - 147 microg/L .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To determine the impact of a 16 week high-intensity progressive resistance exercise training ( PRT ) program on the mental health of older Puerto Rican adults with type 2 diabetes .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Technically , PTRA was successful in 83 % and operation in 97 % of patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The minor A allele at FTO rs9939609 was positively associated with baseline BMI ( p = 0.003 ) , but not with baseline adiposity or the change at 1 year in any anthropometric trait .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Overall , 580 study participants ( 55.6 % ) were unmotivated , 331 ( 31.7 % ) were ambivalent and 133 ( 12.7 % ) were motivated smokers .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Of the 203 patients studied , 149 were treated according to the full algorithm , and 54 patients were immediately entered into step 3 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: XR-NTX 380 mg provided a rapid onset of therapeutic effect in the first 2 days after the first injection that was sustained throughout the 24-week trial .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Among skippers , mean ( SD ) baseline weight - , age - , sex - , site - , and race-adjusted weight changes were -0.71 1.16 , -0.76 1.26 , and -0.61 1.18 kg for the control , breakfast , and NB groups , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: PIT could provide benefit in patients with subacute low back pain ( LBP ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The test involves lightly and briefly ( 1-2 s ) touching the tips of the first , third and fifth toes of both feet with the index finger .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The rate of absorption , however , appeared to be delayed at doses greater than 100 mg .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Following a 1-year behavior change program , 22 North Carolina health departments were randomly assigned to a follow-up intervention or control condition .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Scores on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale 65 + , the geriatric depression scale , and the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Epicatechin supplementation did not change flow-mediated dilation significantly ( 1.1 % absolute ; 95 % CI : -0.1 % , 2.3 % ; P = 0.07 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Based on highly controlled context manipulations using VR , this study was able to successfully transfer animal work to phobic patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To compare the differences in the clinical efficacy on neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury ( SCD between the matrix needling technique combined with rehabilitation training and rehabilitation training in the patients .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Of these , 93 patients were evaluable and the results were analysed in June 1999 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Clinical laboratory results were unremarkable .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Decision analysis was used to project the theoretical outcomes and costs of a recall letter policy for other populations .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The evaluation involved a pilot-trial with two intervention and two comparison schools ; semi-structured interviews with facilitators , staff , and students ; and baseline and follow-up surveys with students aged 11 to 12 years .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Maternal-infant early skin-to-skin contact significantly enhanced the success of first breastfeed and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding till one month of age .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The results provide rigorous evidence that health care benefits can increase health care use and health outcomes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The difference was significant ( p = 0.03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: OSA severity was assessed with one night of laboratory polysomnography ( PSG ) before and following the 12-week intervention .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: FEV ( 1 ) significantly increased from baseline in the tobramycin group compared with no change in the placebo group : the absolute difference between groups ( intent-to-treat population ) of predicted normal was 13.2 % at week 2 ( p = 0.002 ) and 13.3 % at week 4 ( p = 0.003 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The improvements in the acupuncture group were better than those in the medication group ( all P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment could be stopped as soon as the reference ulcer appeared fully healed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We compared the effects of sirolimus-eluting stents ( SES ) versus paclitaxel-eluting stents ( PES ) on 6-month angiographic and clinical outcomes in Korean diabetic patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: All patients ( 100 % ) received 1 previous VEGFr-TKI ; 26 % of patients received 2 previous VEGFr-TKIs .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 1 year , no notable changes in modified ACR responses were observed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor - and thromboxane B ( 2 ) were significantly reduced with tramadol-ketamine treatment but not with tramadol alone .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Forty four were randomly assigned to the experimental treatment , and 43 to the usual management .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There were randomized 35 patients ( 4 males and 31 females ) in the group I and 39 patients ( 6 males and 33 females ) in diet group II .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The basic version resulted in a larger decrease in saturated fat intake than the control intervention ( T1 : ES = -0.19 ; T2 : ES = -0.17 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 28 days is as effective as ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 28 days for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The time for regression of sensory block to T12 was 185 + / - 77 min with levobupivacaine and 201 + / - 75 min with ropivacaine ( P = 0.46 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Perceived quality of life also did not improve , as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study , Functional Status Assessment , or Minnesota Living With Heart Failure questionnaires .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The study was performed in a nursing home residence .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Elevation of serum lipids is associated with an improvement in schizophrenia symptoms in subjects treated with clozapine .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The authors obtained institutional approval and informed consent to study 70 patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: First electroencephalographic activity returned sooner among infants randomized to pH-stat strategy ( p = 0.03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for sharing. I've committed this to memory.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: The patients were randomly allocated to two groups , including those receiving oral administration of 200 mg of sarpogrelate ( SPG , 8 patients , age 61 + / - 6 years ) and those receiving no medication ( controls , 7 patients , age 57 + / - 8 years ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In group I , BRSB was performed with 25 mg of bupivacaine .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Among PE + CBT subjects , remission in specific eating symptoms was associated with greatest improvements in non-specific psychopathology .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , there was a significant quadratic relationship between the infusion rate of dopamine and cardiac index ( r2 = 0.431 ) , and systemic vascular resistance index ( r2 = 0.605 ) , with a breakpoint ( at which cardiac index reduced and SVRI increased ) at a dopamine plasma level of approximately 50 nM/l ( corresponding to an infusion rate of approximately 15 microg.kg ( -1 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Self reported complete abstinence for up to one year with biochemical validation at all follow up points .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eight patients in the capecitabine group had an objective response at 26 weeks , as did seven in the gemcitabine group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Porphyria cutanea tarda ( PCT ) is an iron-related disorder caused by reduced activity of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase ; it can be treated by phlebotomy or low doses of hydroxychloroquine .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The study was partially supported by Agilent Technologies/Philips Imaging .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Of these , 162 were treated with the long GnRH agonist protocol ( group I ) , and 168 with the fixed GnRH antagonist protocol ( group II ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Eight healthy , active , eumenorrheic women [ aged 18.6 + / - 0.9 y ; body mass : 59.9 + / - 7.1 kg ; maximal oxygen uptake ( VO ( 2 ) max ) : 48.7 + / - 1.1 mL .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Leather wrist splints were superior to a commercially available fabric splint for the short-term relief of pain and dysfunction .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: 720 patients ( mean age 60.2 years , SD 9.86 ) who had had an ischaemic stroke within the previous 1-6 months were enrolled consecutively in a prospective , multicentre , double-blind , randomised trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Three-year overall actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates were , respectively , 51 % ( 95 % CI = 39 % -68 % ) versus 31 % ( 95 % CI = 18 % -49 % ) and 42 % ( 95 % CI = 30 % -57 % ) versus 20 % ( 95 % CI = 10 % -33 % ) for patients treated with combined modality versus radiation therapy alone ( P = .02 and .04 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Both albuminuria and eGFR were measured in 540 asymptomatic patients with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction assessed by reduced early mitral annular relaxation velocity ( E ' ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Study participants included 359 African Americans with type 2 diabetes from Baltimore , Maryland , enrolled in Project Sugar 2 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The total length of hospital stay , time to ambulation , and time to oral nutrition were recorded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 2871 children aged 19 months to 5 years with low or no reactivity to tuberculin and who were not severely sick on the day of enrollment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Moreover , we showed that the LMA Supreme and the ETT were equally effective airways for a routine gynecological laparoscopy procedure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Nausea , vomiting , sedation and pain scores were noted every 3 h for a period of 24 h.\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We analyzed whether serum thromboxane B2 , a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 , may be implicated in post-PCI microvascular obstruction .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Preplanned comparisons were nonsignificant : daily vitamin D2 vs. weekly vitamin D2 ( 12 % difference in effect , P = 0.66 ) and daily D2 vs. daily D3 ( 7 % , P = 0.82 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The reduced need for surgery in the AMOX/CLAV-treated group persisted at 3 months ( AMOX/CLAV 54.5 % vs PLAC 85.7 % ) and 24 months ( AMOX/CLAV 83.3 % vs PLAC 98.0 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomised , double blind , placebo controlled crossover study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Three years postoperatively , a neodymium : YAG ( Nd : YAG ) capsulotomy was performed in 26.1 % of eyes with the continuous-optic-edge IOL and 21.7 % with the interrupted-optic-edge IOL ( P = .56 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: TEG variables were analyzed preoperatively and 24 , 48 , and 72 hours after surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was no complication and NHFPV was as well tolerated as NCPAP .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess the impact on plasma lipids of replacing the PI by NVP in HIV-1 infected patients with lipodystrophy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In patients undergoing diagnostic angiography , the complication rate was 10 % vs. 27 % ( most of them minor ) in the 4F and 6F groups , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Compared with loratadine alone , olopatadine adjunctive to loratadine provides greater relief of ocular itching and redness , a better quality of life , and is well tolerated in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Cancer patients aged between 18 and 80 years who were about to receive their first chemotherapy course were randomized to fill in questionnaires on perceived quality of information , level of psychological distress , perceived severity and curability of the disease , and quality of life .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients with haemoconcentration were less likely to have clinical congestion at discharge , and experienced greater in-hospital decreases in body weight and natriuretic peptide levels .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Serum levels of cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen were also increased in the LCD group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cross-sectional study in which the order of microspirometry and diagnostic spirometry tests was randomised .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Also , the decreased opercular activation in CRPS patients shows less sensory-discriminative processing of painful stimuli.These results show that changed cerebral pain processing in CRPS patients is less sensory-discriminative but more motor inhibition during painful stimuli .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Forty-five children between the ages of 1 and 9 undergoing bilateral ureteral reimplantation surgery through a low transverse incision were enrolled .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Results of this trial will inform policy about whether risk counseling should include genetic counseling .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The morphometric and clinical data of 25 healthy subjects and 28 patients with CNP were compared .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To compare the blood loss at elective lower segment caesarean section with administration of oxytocin 5IU bolus versus oxytocin 5IU bolus and oxytocin 30IU infusion and to establish whether a large multi-centre trial is feasible .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO ) therapy on patients with postbrain injury neural status .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>Excellent. I've documented all of this information."]
[{"question": "Sentence: Musculoskeletal pain has been associated with N-methyl-d-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor-mediated mechanisms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Forty-five healthy adults at two different sites ( n = 45 ) performed saccade tasks with varying levels of target predictability : predictable ( PRED ) , position predictable ( pPRED ) , time predictable ( tPRED ) , and prosaccade ( SAC ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The difference in fluoroscopy duration between both groups was most pronounced during the ablation part of the procedure ( 3 + / - 2.4 vs 17 + / - 6.3 minutes ; P < 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Scores and oxygen saturation immediately before and after each treatment were recorded to assess safety .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The goal of this study is to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous cervical discectomy , percutaneous cervical disc nucleoplasty , and a combination of the two for the treatment of cervical disc herniation and the effective stabilization of the cervical vertebral column .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Both groups included 80 patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Closure of the perforation was achieved in 19 of 29 patients ( 66 % ) treated with bovine pericardium , in 19 of 23 ( 83 % ) treated with equine pericardium , and in 13 of 14 ( 93 % ) treated with autologous fascia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Remodeling of small resistance vessels may be the earliest pathologic finding associated with hypertension .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: KRAS and BRAF mutation analyses were obtained in 498 ( 88 % ) and 457 patients ( 81 % ) , respectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: This group included five patients who had methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) in their nasal cavity preoperatively and MRSA was also detected in the pharynx of four patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: All slow-acting drugs were stopped at least 4 weeks before starting CII , although prednisolone was permitted at dosages < 10 mg/day .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the risk-adapted approach with ondansetron against ondansetron plus dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in a randomized clinical trial .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study does not support the hypothesis that a more profound reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress contributes to the benefits of aggressive statin therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: We evaluated the effects of high dose isoflavones , equivalent to that consumed by Asian populations , on the aforementioned consequences of androgen deprivation therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: To observe clinical therapeutic effect of head point-through-point electroacupuncture on Parkinson 's disease and the mechanism .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Compared with the health and wellness arm , the exercise arm had significantly greater increases in sports or exercise activity ( 0.3 vs 5.3 metabolic equivalent of task [ MET ] hours/week ; P < .001 ) , and smaller declines in total activity ( -42.7 vs -2.1 MET hours/week ; P = .02 ) and activities of moderate to vigorous intensity ( -30.6 vs -10.6 MET hours/week ; P = .05 ) , and was more likely to achieve recommended guidelines for physical activity ( odds ratio = 2.12 ; 95 % confidence interval = 1.45 , 3.10 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Research laboratory and senior gym .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Cardiac output was measured hourly by the ultrasound velocity dilution method .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Solicited local and general adverse events were recorded for 4 days and unsolicited adverse events were recorded for 30 days after each vaccine dose .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Further , the specific treatment strategies conducted with the infants receiving the experimental procedures have also been preliminary established as effective in enhancing the infants ' feeding skills , resulting in weight gain and decreased hospital stays as compared with their counterparts in the control group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In primary care , which is the most common setting for COPD management , many patients may have milder disease , and also may take a broad range of concomitant medication .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The content of n-3 PUFA in platelets increased significantly in the n-3 PUFA supplemented group , whereas no changes were seen in controls .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: First-year height velocity ( centimeters per year , cm/yr ) , height sd score , IGF-I , and adverse events were prespecified outcomes .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Time course of PID after intake of the patient 's usual medication was very similar to the time course of PID after intake of the randomized study medication .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A cardiovascular physiology laboratory in Dallas , Texas .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Categorical variables were analyzed by chi ( 2 ) test and continuous variables were analyzed by t test with a p < 0.05 for significance .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of brackets bonded using different primers .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty-two consecutive patients were randomized to undergo ablation of a left-sided AP by either a TS or a TA approach .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: A distinction was made between patients with predominantly asthma ( high baseline reversibility , delta FEV1 > or = 9 % of predicted ) , and predominantly COPD ( low baseline reversibility , delta FEV1 < 9 % of predicted ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The program is well received by the hospital staff and now functions on autopilot each year .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Periodontal disease appears to be an independent risk factor for PLBW .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: We compared the effects of the Mediterranean diet and plant stanol esters on vascular risk factors and estimated CVD ( eCVD ) risk .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This was a randomized , parallel , cross-over , double-blind , within - and between-subject study designed to compare vascular responses before and after treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Fertilization , embryo quality , and implantation rates .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: There were no differences in participation by race/ethnicity or occupational status .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Secondary outcomes included changes of pelvic pain visual analog scale scores and side effects .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The means of the average post-treatment clinical scores for haze in all patients up to 12 months after surgery were 0.46 + / - 0.25 for the IFN-alpha group and 0.64 + / - 0.43 for the placebo group ( P = .20 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Baseline characteristics responsible for risk differences of patients enrolled in the 2 country groupings were sufficiently similar to exert little influence on clinical decision making .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: There were no significant differences in peak VO2 ( p > 0.05 ) with training in either of the groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , their acceptance and adoption was variable and their measured effects on some aspects of clinical behaviour were relatively weak and not necessarily associated with either decreased costs or improved quality of care .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Because of their variable effects , we should consider the sexual dimension when prescribing 1-blockers for LUTS .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Both versions also were shown to be highly reliable , with ICCs of greater than .98 ( 95 % confidence interval = 0.965-0 .994 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on QT interval and QT dispersion have been investigated in a prospective , double-blind , randomized study of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: In addition , three categoric age groups were defined : `` younger postmenopausal '' patients were younger than 65 years ( n = 3,127 ) , `` older '' patients were 65 to 74 years old ( n = 1,500 ) , and `` elderly '' patients were 75 years of age or older ( n = 295 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Valsartan increased the portal blood flow and the portal velocity ( p < 0.01 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The intrinsic escape rhythm was evaluated 15 min , 2 days and 3 , 6 and 12 months after ablation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Data indicated a rapid bleaching effect arising as early as after 1 month of daily applications .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , exposure to EA only was also perceived as irritating .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Ventilated infants with birth weight of 500 to 1249 g were randomized at less than 6 hours of age either to pressure-limited SIMV or to PRVC on the Servo 300 ventilator ( Siemens Electromedical Group , Danvers , Mass ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We now investigated whether adenoidectomy influences the development of serum IgG antibodies to pneumococcal choline-binding protein A ( CbpA ) and pneumococcal surface protein A ( PspA ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A split-mouth design study was conducted in 18 female subjects ( mean age , 21.9 years ) whose bilateral upper first premolars were extracted and who subsequently received canine distalization .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: No interaction between the 2 intervention effects was observed ( P = 0.96 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The mean vector surgical effect was 91 % for group A and 70 % for group B. Regular astigmatism patterns had a greater benefit from surgery than irregular patterns ( P = 0.008 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: One-hundred and ten ( 110 ) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the six-month study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: There is a need to shed light on the pathways through which complex interventions mediate their effects in order to enable critical reflection on their transferability .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The role of adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids and choleretics after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia ( BA ) remains uncertain .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study was aimed at assessing the rate and predictors of sustained virological response ( SVR ) in genotype 6 chronic HCV following 48 and 24 weeks of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The navigation-assisted TKA with measured gap resection technique could be a useful technique with regard to restoration of the joint line .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Risk of dermatologic ADEs can not be reduced by selecting younger adults or monitoring only during the first few weeks of treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: All patients who received at least one dose of study drug or placebo were included in the primary analysis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Plasma levels of insulin and glucose during an oral 75 g glucose loading were decreased only in miglitol group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group 1 had clinical features of AMI , and group 2 had clinical features of AMI associated with chronic periodontitis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: On two of these occasions , subjects exercised to expend 350 kcal in the afternoon .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the placebo-controlled study , there was only a small , statistically not significant change in cholesterol concentrations in the elderberry group ( from 199 to 190 mg/dl ) compared to the placebo group ( from 192 to 196 mg/dl ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Statistical analyses revealed no significant relationship for plasma level of either molecule or their sum in predicting endpoint percent change in obsessive-compulsive scores .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Standardized photographs of each subject were taken before and after treatment initially and 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months after initial treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: After six months of treatment , significant difference was shown in the scores of VAS , Chinese medicine syndrome integral , or the quality of life scale of the patients in the three groups when compared with the corresponding index before treatment and after three months of treatment ( all P < 0.01 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Mean body weight decreased in both the glargine ( -0.44 kg ) and placebo ( -0.25 kg ) groups , in line with dietary restrictions .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Quality of life did not improve in non-responders .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Allergy/respiratory care clinics .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Although a significant period effect was observed , we conclude that a single dose of ursodiol has little effect on CsA absorption in liver transplant patients and that an interaction in the intestinal lumen between these two drugs is unlikely .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: No effects of 15 mg cinnarizine were observed on performance .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group 1 ( n = 8 ) first used extrastriate VRT followed by conventional standard VRT .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In such cases , the time allowed for response to psychosocial interventions should be no more than 2-4 weeks , after which fluoxetine should be prescribed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was a longer period of absence from work after cast than after surgery in manuals , but not in non-manuals .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In particular , the higher resting GH concentrations indicated a marked and selective noradrenergic effect of REB .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In this report , we characterize the in vitro pharmacokinetic properties of a new antihistamine , alcaftadine .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Within-patient consistency in achieving pain-free status at 2 hours using a 2/3 criterion was slightly higher on ELE-40 ( 42 % ) compared with ELE-80 ( 38 % ) , and was similar using the 3/3 criterion ( 18 % on ELE-40 , 17 % on ELE-80 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Secondary outcomes of executive functions were set shifting and working memory .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Enoxaparin is safe and effective in reducing cerebral vasospasm and ischemia following SAH ( Hunt Hess grades I-III ) , resulting in a better long-term outcome for the patient .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: There are evidences of a dose dependency of the energy value of the polyols .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In doing so , physicians will become more familiar with the aesthetic problems patients might have regarding their afflicted facial site .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: USRDS data include 338,109 incident and prevalent long-term hemodialysis patients from the calendar year 2007 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , the clinical value of this procedure has not yet been established .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The height/age Z-score means were significantly lower in the PKU children < 7 years ( -1.23 ) than in the normal controls ( 0.91 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Body fat mass decreased more in the supplement group by 0.9 kg ( 0.5 ; 1.3 ) compared with placebo ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group A will be treated with only western medicine , while group B with western and Chinese medicine together .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was no severe complications that implicate the BSCVA occurred in-operation and postoperatively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: White-matter fractional anisotropy ( FA ) was evaluated using voxel-based analysis ( VBA ) of FA maps derived from DTI before and after treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Treatment with 1/5 norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol and with other norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol combinations significantly reduced endometrial proliferation compared with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2 .5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate ( 6 and 12 months : P < .02 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Eighty-two hepatic lesions ( 53 metastatic and 29 benign ) were identified in 41 patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Rescuers were blinded to the arterial pressure tracing .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Prospective randomized , multicentre study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was no significant difference in sex , age , height , weight , procedure duration , and duration of endotracheal intubation between the 2 groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the masked group , the fetal oxygen sensor was inserted and the values were recorded by computer , but the data were hidden .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To assess long-term effects of laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries compared with ovulation induction with gonadotropins in women with clomiphene citrate ( CC ) - resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) on the incidence of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes , hypertensive disorders , and metabolic or cardiovascular disease .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: When subjects were pretreated with clofibrate , clearances of R-ibuprofen and 13C-S-ibuprofen increased significantly from 55.0 and 66.4 ml/min to 186.2 and 106.7 ml/min ( p < 0.01 ) , respectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty-four premenopausal women with fibroadenoma diagnosed via biopsy were studied .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To examine the impact of a nurse-coordinated intervention delivered to patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus between office visits to primary care physicians .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}]