["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification examples with their corresponding labels:\n\nSample: Tianbaokang can improve indexes of hemorheology , decrease plasm MDA and ET-1 content , and increase SOD activity and NO level obviously .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No difference in TEWL was found between glycerine treatment and its placebo , whereas a lower value was found in the urea-treated area compared to the glycerine-treated area .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The relationship between cTnI and outcomes was generally linear and there was no evidence of a threshold effect at any particular level of cTnI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Major hemorrhage occurred in 6 of 290 patients ( 2.1 % ) in the unfractionated heparin group , 5 of 298 patients ( 1.7 % ) in the once-daily enoxaparin group , and 4 of 312 patients ( 1.3 % ) in the twice-daily enoxaparin group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To determine whether topical tetracaine attenuates the pain of buffered lidocaine infiltration .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Mortality or institutionalisation at 1 year were lower in patients on a stroke unit than for those receiving care from a stroke team ( 21/152 [ 14 % ] vs 45/149 [ 30 % ] ; p < 0.001 ) or domiciliary care ( 21/152 [ 14 % ] vs 34/144 [ 24 % ] ; p = 0.03 ) , mainly as a result of reduction in mortality .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Clinicians may need to prescribe proper wheelchair propulsion techniques for their clients to avoid accumulating impingement stresses in the shoulder joints .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The 2-year results of a randomized trial comparing holmium laser resection of the prostate ( HoLRP ) and transurethral resection ( TURP ) are presented .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Women who were scheduled for LEEP were approached for participation in the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A HP diet or increasing the dialysis dose did not have a favourable effect on the nutritional status .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Future work should examine combining or modifying these interventions to target substance use more directly and include values based methods for increasing more adaptive behavioral patterns .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In addition , this intervention aims to transfer these peripheral gains to the functional and more complex task of foot rollover during gait , in order to reduce risk of ulceration .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Individuals with type 2 diabetes ( n = 54 ) who were > or = 20 % over ideal body weight participated in a 20-week behavioral weight control program .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients in the transesophageal-echocardiography group also had a shorter time to cardioversion ( mean [ + / - SD ] , 3.0 + / -5.6 vs. 30.6 + / -10.6 days , P < 0.001 ) and a greater rate of successful restoration of sinus rhythm ( 440 patients [ 71.1 percent ] vs. 393 patients [ 65.2 percent ] , P = 0.03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients without ulcers or erosive oesophagitis on endoscopy at baseline were randomly assigned by computer-generated randomisation sequence to receive famotidine 20 mg twice daily ( n = 204 ) or placebo twice daily ( n = 200 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Hypoxia was defined a priori as an oxygen saturation less than 93 % ; respiratory depression was defined as an end tidal CO ( 2 ) greater than 50 mm Hg , a 10 % absolute change from baseline , or loss of waveform .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Total tramadol consumption and patient-controlled analgesia demands of groups I and II were 153.5 + / - 52.4 vs. 465.0 + / - 55.1 mg and 17.1 + / - 7.7 vs. 77.8 + / - 7.5 mg , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The patients who received the steroid injection had faster rehabilitation and less non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs consumption .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A pilot randomized controlled trial ( n = 50 ) : baseline and outcome assessments conducted by blinded researchers .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We investigated the impact of incidentally discovered ISA as assessed by intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) 8 months after DES implantation on the long-term clinical outcome .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effectiveness of scaling and root planing of new oscillating instruments ( Periosonic ) using a sonic handpiece compared to hand curettes with a split mouth design after 2 months .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Endoscopic retrogade cholangio-pancreatography ( ERCP ) is a painful procedure that requires transient analgesia and conscious sedation .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>The following classification examples include important label information:\n\nSample: The three opioids were given to each patient at 24-hr intervals .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Albuterol reduces lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) pressure in normal volunteers , although the effects of albuterol on esophageal function in asthmatic patients are not known .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Significantly decreased interleukin ( IL ) 5 levels were found in the active treatment group after 7 days .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The average temperature T50 was 40.3 degrees C for both ( p = 0.409 ) and the dose parameter CEM43T90 was 0.64 for RESG and 0.63 for HGS ( p = 0.154 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Trajectories of severity over time were nearly identical in the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant difference in time to resolution of symptoms associated with recurrence .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant differences were found in children > 8years of age at diagnosis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The volume of postoperative blood loss and the decrease in haemoglobin level were measured .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Documented differences in the prevalence of systemic side effects between species suggests that caution should be applied when applying this drug bilaterally .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There was no duodenal ulcer recurrence in 43 H. pylori-negative/cured patients ( 0 % ) , which was significantly different in terms of duodenal ulcer recurrence ( P = 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A controlled , randomized study design was used to examine the efficacy of MOSES .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A fourth site was used as a control .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In addition , foot temperature in infants from the skin-to-skin group was nearly 2 degrees C higher than that in infants from the mother 's arms group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At week 4 , vaccine antigen-specific T cell responses were detected in 28 ( 93.3 % ) and 18 ( 60 % ) of 30 vaccine recipients for CD4 ( + ) and CD8 ( + ) T cells , respectively , by intracellular cytokine staining assay and in 22 ( 73 % ) of 30 vaccine recipients by enzyme-linked immunospot assay .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: End points for the angiographic substudy were the rates of angiographic restenosis ( > or = 50 % diameter stenosis ) and target lesion revascularization .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly correlated with waist circumference , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , diastolic blood pressure , and homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance in the postyoga exercise group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the amlodipine + / - ibuprofen subgroup , the reduction of the average pain intensity score throughout the study was significant ( chi2 = 8.250 ; df 3 ; P = 0.037 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Participants were randomized to lifestyle case management or usual care .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In a randomized controlled trial , 285 marginally LBW ( 2000-2500 g ) infants received 0 , 1 , or 2 mg/kg/day of iron supplements from 6 weeks to 6 months of age .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A lower TLR rate and better clinical outcomes appear to be associated with the use of DEBs regardless of stent placement .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: All p values should be regarded as descriptive values since they were not formally adjusted for multiplicity .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All patients had normal intraoperative gallbladder sonography .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients with distal extremity or head and neck lesions ( n = 272 ) received uniformly a 2-cm margin .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of MP29-02 versus FP in patients with chronic rhinitis .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The data obtained suggest that adult participants may improve their wellness by learning and applying a program based on yoga and yogic breathing exercises ; this can be conclusively assessed in a large-scale trial .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To examine the immediate and long-term effects of a walking-skill program compared with usual physiotherapy on physical function , pain and perceived self-efficacy in patients after total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: a combination of home-exercises to improve strength , flexibility and balance , 2 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study was conducted as a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The patients ' blood pressures remained within 20 % of baseline values .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sixty ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective unilateral MRM under general anesthesia were included .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Measured items included : hemoglobin ( Hb ) , superficial and deep wound infection , volume of blood transfusion , wound hematoma thickness , range of motion ( ROM ) of the hip , wound healing time , ecchymosis and tension vesicles around the wound .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The current study was performed to investigate the effect of neutrophils and their pathophysiological significance during sepsis .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In middle-aged inactive subjects with symptoms of chronic constipation , it is advisable to promote regular physical activity since it improves both the defecation pattern and rectosigmoid or total colonic transit time .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Ipecacuanha is known to release serotonin ( 5-HT ) in the gastrointestinal tract and therefore ipecacuanha syrup was used to induce nausea and vomiting .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Moreover , mortality in the CABG + CRT group was significantly lower than in the CABG group .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The cost effectiveness was also compared .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The preincisional administration of remifentanil followed by a continuous infusion of 0.25 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) appears to reduce pain scores and piritramid consumption when compared with a postincisional regimen .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: CRP and SAA was significantly reduced by atorvastatin , whilst no reduction was seen for simvastatin .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no significant differences in the eradication rates obtained with the use of the three PPIs .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean duration of first stage of labor was shorter in parous patients in the study group ( 194 min v. 319 min ) , as was the mean induction delivery interval in primigravidas .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 60.5 % ( 356/588 ) of patients reported at least a 30 % improvement in pain intensity from the start to the end of the open-label titration phase ; of the patients who were randomized to tapentadol ER , 53.6 % ( 105/196 ) reported at least a 30 % improvement from pre-titration to week 12 of the double-blind phase .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At the 4 - and 8-week time points , between treatment analyses demonstrated the test dentifrice to be significantly better at relieving subjects ' sensitivity , for both validated clinical measures , compared to the negative control ( at 4 weeks Schiff P < 0.0001 tactile threshold P < 0.0001 ; at 8 weeks Schiff P < 0.0001 ; tactile threshold P < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant complication was encountered at 2-year follow-up .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This trial was performed to examine its clinical efficacy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Significant changes in SjO ( 2 ) were only related to the type of blood gas management , with no significant difference between warm and cold CPB patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The subjects underwent CVC of the Internal Jugular vein with or without ultrasound guidance in preparation for cardiovascular surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 342 patients scheduled for elective thyroidectomy with nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia in addition to fentanyl .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Wonderful. I'll remember these key points.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: Patients with ACS ( n = 241 ) or high-risk CAD ( n = 263 ) received E5555 ( 50 , 100 , or 200 mg ) or placebo once daily for 12 ( ACS patients ) or 24 weeks ( CAD patients ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study investigated the effects of ethanol consumption on recovery from traditional resistance exercise in recreationally trained individuals .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Of 28 patients given 32 treatment courses at varied dose levels , there were two partial responses and one minor response .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Canagliflozin 100 mg and 300 mg reduced body weight vs placebo ( week 26 : -3.7 % , -4.2 % , -1.2 % , respectively ; p < 0.001 ) and sitagliptin ( week 52 : -3.8 % , -4.2 % , -1.3 % , respectively ; p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The relationship between the proportion of rapid response system team calls that were early emergency team calls ( defined as calls not associated with cardiac arrest or death ) and the rate ( events/1000 admissions ) of the adverse events .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All scans in all participants were completed by using an EBT system ( GE Imatron , South San Francisco , CA ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Evaluate synovial fluid cytology , total protein concentration and viscosity after intra-articular administration of combined pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine in horses .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In the placebo group , the treatment was the same as that in the laser group , but with laser simulation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Another five awareness cases were reviewed for anesthesia procedures , of which improper light anesthesia were confirmed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment with CZP significantly improved psoriasis at week 12 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The most common grade 3 events considered to be treatment related were anemia , diarrhea , and asthenia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Disposition and first-pass metabolism of ethanol were evaluated by applying an open two-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Pre-challenge values for mean + / - SEM PNIF ( L/min ) were not significantly different comparing all groups ; BB ( 138 + / -8 ) , FEX ( 140 + / -9 ) , and PL ( 138 + / -8 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A large-scale , randomized , controlled trial of an educational program to prevent work-associated low back injury found no long-term benefits associated with training .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Objective and subjective measures of intoxication were unrelated to the alcohol-related losses in contrast sensitivity .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Erythropoietin concentrations did not correlate with Psychomotor Development Index or overall incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment ; however , infants with elevated erythropoietin concentrations had higher Mental Development Index scores than those with lower erythropoietin concentrations .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A follow-up of three months is probably too short to detect changes in QALYs or physical activities .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Both surgeries resulted in quick visual recovery as early as 1 week postoperatively .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00808275 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The 100 CPM was supported for use with vertical axis for hip placement , but not for wrist placement .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To investigate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root fracture resistance and microhardness of radicular dentine .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) is an important complication in the use of iodinated contrast media .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The mean MCP-1 levels did not change after 6 months of HRT in both oral ( 150.112.8 vs. 153.612.5 pg/ml ; P = .192 ) and transdermal HRT groups ( 145.211.6 vs. 146.115.1 pg/ml ; P = .419 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Breast milk samples were collected two to three times weekly for 4-6 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Investigators Global Assessment ( IGA ) score was assessed at week 3 and at week 6 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Thirty-eight interns in the Boston Combined Residency Program who began their training in 2005 were enrolled and randomly assigned .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Paraprofessional Mentor Mothers are an effective strategy for delivering home visiting programs by providing the knowledge and support necessary to change the behavior of families at risk .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Seventy-two ( 48 % ) of the 150 reviewed admissions resulted in a revision of DRG and WIES equivalent to an increase of AUD 142,000 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Earlier initiation of nesiritide therapy consistently shortened hospital LOS .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Milk is the major source of protein and saturated fats in the diet after infancy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This study was carried out to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of preoperative intravenous flurbiprofen in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair under general anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Patients insufficiently controlled by moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroids + / - long-acting B2-agonists or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids alone were treated for 3 months using one inhalation of FP/S twice daily or inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting B2-agonists given separately ( TC ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A multicentre , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group clinical trial was conducted .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>I've processed this information and will remember it.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: No statistical differences were detected in the success rates between the 2 anesthetics after the block injections .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In 100 patients , acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Quantification of dynamic pulmonary mechanics in VLBW infants who receive low-dose dexamethasone has not been reported .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Postural control was evaluated by the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance ( CTSIBm ) and Limits of Stability Test .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients were randomized into two groups : patients in whom ERCP was performed with intravenous propofol ( group A ) , and patients in whom the procedure was performed with intravenous fentanyl and propofol ( group B ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In order to minimize this discomfort , addition of bicarbonate has been used by many authors .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The racemic mixture of bupivacaine combined with sufentanil remains an appropriate choice when performing Caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Oral supplementation with 25 g/die avoids an increase of PIVKA-II .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Within the 3 year observation period , it can be concluded that 0.5 mm chamfer and shoulder preparation ensure that the stability of metal-free polymer crowns for anterior and posterior teeth is acceptable .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Four of the 10 patients with stiffer implants had 5 partial extrusions in the observation period .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess the benefits of withdrawn autologous plasma , the objective of this study was to investigate whether withdrawal of acutely performed platelet-rich or platelet-poor plasmapheresis allays changes in the protein C-thrombomodulin and fibrinolytic systems after retransfusion secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: After Genous placement , 1 month of DAPT is recommended .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: There was significant difference between treatment group in both serum 25 ( OH ) D and PTH .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In patients with less severe condition comparable results were obtained .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Both groups showed a benefit from facet joint injections .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The intention-to-treat analysis was concordant .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Eighteen subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis participated in the study outside of their allergy season .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary end points included fluoroscopy time , dose of radiation including cumulative air kerma and dose area product , contrast volume , and the incidence of vascular complications .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Plaque ( PLI ) and bleeding ( BI ) indexes were assessed at days 0 and after 3 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Proteinuria decreased by 32.4 % ( 95 % confidence interval -38.4 to -21.8 % ) after 4 weeks of treatment and by 50.4 % ( -58.9 to -40.2 % ) after 20 weeks in the losartan group , whereas no significant proteinuria changes were observed in the amlodipine group ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Seventeen patients with congenital penile torsion were evaluated and managed from 2006 to 2010 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All protocols were identical except for cardiopulmonary bypass .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Lansoprazole 15 and 30 mg daily were equally well tolerated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The coronally positioned flap plus ADM produced a defect coverage of 95 % , whereas the tunnel technique plus ADM produced only 78 % coverage .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Both differences were significant ( P > 0.0004 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Thirty-six hours after hCG administration , patients were assigned randomly to either IUI ( group A , n = 50 ) or fallopian tube sperm perfusion ( group B , n = 50 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Sclerostin is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling , and animal studies have demonstrated that PTH suppresses sclerostin production .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of two marine dietary supplements with a high calcium content : a fishbone powder ( Phoscalim ) and a ray cartilage hydrolysate ( Glycollagene ) , in comparison with milk , and a placebo ( maltodextrin ) , on calcium metabolism and a biochemical marker of bone resorption , using the oral calcium tolerance test .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Motricity Index leg scores of at least 25 points in the first week and Fugl-Meyer arm scores of 11 points in the second week increasing to 19 points in the fourth week raised the probability of developing some dexterity ( Action Research Arm Test > or = 10 points ) from 74 % ( positive predictive value [ PPV ] , 0.74 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.63 to 0.86 ) to 94 % ( PPV , 0.83 ; 95 % CI , 0.76 to 0.91 ) at 6 months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Compared with indomethacin , ibuprofen did not significantly reduce mesenteric and renal blood flow velocity .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: These preliminary results suggest that the intervention merits investigation in a larger cohort with longer-term follow-up .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This was followed by an open-label extension of 36 months thus far .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study is designed to extend findings from earlier efficacy studies and provide data on the effect of a CBT-based PAC intervention for managing pediatric obesity in a real-world , outpatient clinical setting .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>The following classification examples include important label information:\n\nSample: The percentages of continent patients in group K at 14 , 30 and 60 days were 47.36 % , 47.36 % and 78.9 % respectively , whereas in the NK group where 47.36 % , 47.36 % , and 89.4 % respectively ( p > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although differences were observed in reaction rates among the DTaP vaccines given as a fourth dose , the DTaP vaccines were , in general , associated with fewer adverse events than a US-licensed DTwP .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Shivering and chills were significantly more common with misoprostol .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Covering the orifice of the extraction socket with a free gingival tissue graft seems to have the potential to limit but not avoid the post-operative external contour shrinkage based on optical scans .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Post-screening and on inclusion , patients were put on a 2-week washout period and then randomly assigned to either only lisinopril 10 mg or combination of lisinopril 10 mg and diclofenac sodium 100 mg treatments for 8-12 weeks in diseased states of hypertension and osteoarthritis with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 2 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: WOBp decreases by narrowing the difference between the alveolus pressure and the central airway pressure at the end of expiration when PEEPe is applied .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The Student 's t test for continuous variables normally distributed , the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for the nonnormally distributed variables , and the chi-square test for dichotomous variables were used ( P < .05 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study consisted of 2 test days during which subjects ( n = 16 ) were administered oral NAC ( 3000 mg in divided doses ) or matching placebo 165 min before the infusion of saline and then ketamine ( as a bolus of .23 mg/kg over 1 min followed by .58 mg/kg for 30 min , and then .29 mg/kg for 40 min ) in a fixed order .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After 9 months , clinical and administrative staff at each practice were given self-administered surveys .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Nine control subjects had repeated hippocampal T2 maps with a median interval of approximately 2 years .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The basal balloon pain threshold was lower in patients with positive results of esophageal tests than in either those patients with negative results of esophageal tests or controls ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This pilot study shows that CD40 / CD40L pathway up-regulation in MDD patients relates increased levels of sCD40L to a prothrombotic state and , preliminarily , indicates that SSRI therapy may significantly reduce sCD40L and CD40L levels associated with proinflammatory and prothrombotic states .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No significant differences were observed in the patient age , estrogen , and P levels on day of hCG administration , gonadotropin dosage , number of oocytes retrieved , fertilization rate , percentage of high-quality embryos , and number of embryos transferred .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The liver recipients had a wide range of native liver pathology but were of similar age , sex and bodyweight in the two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A subgroup of 32 patients were selected randomly from the four groups , 8 from each and assessed for quality of examination .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cases ( n = 702 ) were female residents of Wisconsin with a new diagnosis of colorectal cancer , identified through a statewide tumour registry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-month moderate-to-vigorous exercise program on plantar pressure among postmenopausal women .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Primary end points were entry site and angioplasty related .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of 384 patients enrolled , 197 were assigned DP and 187 AL. .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although eradicating H. pylori is not likely to relieve symptoms in the majority of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia , a small proportion of H. pylori-infected patients may benefit from eradication treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A Mediterranean-style diet might be effective in reducing the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular risk .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Additionally , patients in the placebo group had significantly higher blood pressure readings compared with baseline data , during and after frame removal , thus indicating that postoperative wound pain caused them more discomfort after frame removal .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Regional teaching hospital in the north west of England .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the interventional group , the patients underwent clinical monitoring and systematic DUS surveillance every 3 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A strong correlation was observed between the MVA and LAA peak emptying/filling velocity in patients with MS in SR ( r = 0.739 , p = 0.0001 and r = 0.728 , p = 0.0001 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Subjects who improved on the diet were then randomised to a 2-week double-blind placebo-controlled crossover challenge with MSG or placebo for 3 consecutive days each week .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Rates of adverse drug reactions ( all mild-to-moderate ) were similar : 4.5 % ( N + V ) and 4.4 % ( V160 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Significantly decreased spasticity , as evaluated by MAS , was found immediately after vibration ( P < .01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: WMLs were observed at all ages .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: 64 morbidly obese patients with predicted difficult intubation undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery were enrolled in this study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To explore the feasibility of epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine by computerized infusion pump .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Among the subsample of ten patients , the 200-m fast-walk test heart rate was significantly higher than the ventilatory threshold heart rate , which did not differ from the 6-min walk test heart rate .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: HRQOL and patient adherence were not significantly affected by pharmaceutical care interventions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Elderly persons in states of frailty remain more susceptible to significant health complications .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Parents who were unable to read adequately and those whose baby was ill were excluded from the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The video podcasts comprised Powerpoint slides narrated using the same script as the lecture .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The proportion of patients experiencing dose reductions due to leukopenia was significantly higher in the control arm ( nine of 17 ) compared with the G-CSF arm ( four of 23 , P < .04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sixty-three adolescents were enrolled in the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mental development and behavior were not affected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Internet portal-based coaching produced some possible benefits in care for chronic conditions but without significantly changing patient outcomes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Gastro esophageal reflux ( GER ) is common in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) and may contribute to lung disease .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Prophylaxis was continued for 3 mo for motor-complete and 2 mo for motor-incomplete patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The incidence of nasal symptoms and hypoxia were assessed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To determine the effect of a high Zn intake on the concentration of Cu in the liver of dairy cows .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The observed rate of intercurrent migraine in Study 2 over 12 perimenstrual periods was 1.5 per month , compared with 1.7 at baseline .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to age , tPSA , mean biopsy duration and pain score between these groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no significant differences in the maintenance of sinus rhythm among the four groups , so we suggest that long-term prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting was not necessary at the postdischarge period .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At six weeks , 22 ( 73.33 % ) patient in group A had no pain as compared to 7 ( 23.33 % ) patients in group B who were pain free ( p < 0.0001 , chi2 = 38.75 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The mean pain scores were similar in the two treatment groups-slightly higher ( 4.97 ) in group B who received the buffered solution , compared with group A ( 4.84 ) who received the plain solution .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant changes for any variable were found for the control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for sharing. I've committed this to memory.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>Here are some annotated classification examples:\n\nSample: Representative samples of 30 residents in each of the 24 ( residential ) care homes are monitored during a 6-months period .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Adherence was 48.5 % by medication event monitoring systems and 74.7 % by self-report ; adherence measures were not significantly different between arms ( medication event monitoring systems , P = .82 ; self-report , P = .92 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The presence of GDM or preeclampsia was assessed through a blinded audit of medical records .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Sixty 70-85 year old patients , ASA class II or III , undergoing spinal fusion were randomly assigned into 2 groups ( 30 in each group ) : a protection mechanical ventilation group ( group P ) and a conventional mechanical ventilation group ( group C ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , no differences in BOP , PPD , GR and CAL were observed between groups at any of the time points evaluated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Tagger 's hybrid technique provided better homogeneity of the obturation radiopacity and better apical sealing compared with lateral condensation technique .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Combined amiodarone and irbesartan use is superior to amiodarone alone for maintaining sinus rhythm in rheumatic heart disease patients with persistent AF post valve replacement and cardioversion .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , this notion has not been rigorously tested in relation to cortisol-mediated negative feedback .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Furthermore , a significant improvement in the MUH scale score was noted in the CTG compared with the NTG .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All patients improved over time , and traditional splint therapy offered no benefit over the SS splint therapy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The initial trypsin-like activity was increased about 5.5 times in all groups vs control and decreased after therapy by 2.1 ; 3.8 ; 6.4 ; 6.0 times ( P < 0.05 ) in the 1st-4th groups respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Time to tracheal extubation and recovery time were similar in all three groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare the administration of sub hypnotic dose of propofol with metoclopramide and placebo in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) after middle ear surgery .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Insertion of the frenulum , which was preoperatively located between the upper central incisors , migrated to the mucogingival junction as a result of using both laser systems in all patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age , sex , body mass index , and size or locations of lesions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The patients were instructed to continue their home exercise programs .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: These studies utilized a randomized , double-blind , controlled crossover design .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Traditional Chinese medicine advocates the use of acupuncture to soften the cervix and induce uterine contractions .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Advanced brain imaging will assess neurovascular changes in response to treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Synechia formation , patency of middle meatal antrostomy , and ostial reocclusion were the same in both groups .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Ultrasound assessment indicated that the geometric mean of the half-time to gastric emptying ( T / ) after tea without milk was 22.7 ( 95 % CI 12.7-40 .9 ) min and after tea with milk 23.6 ( 95 % CI 13.5-41 .0 ) min ( ratio 1.04 ) ( 95 % CI 0.47-2 .29 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The number needed to treat was 4 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Favorable clinical success rates in the two study arms did not show statistical difference ; however , the radiographic success rate in the VPT/CEM was significantly greater than RCT arm at the two follow-ups ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Infarct size was measured as area under curve ( AUC ) of creatine kinase ( CK ) and CK-myocardial band ( CK-MB ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients were randomly assigned to have ERM surgery with ILM peeling using 0.5 mg/ml or 1.25 mg/ml ICG staining .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Similar results occurred when patients were informed that they were using a needle with a modified tip .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No hemostatic agents were used in the control group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was defined by a centrally performed positive serotonin release assay ( SRA ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) with respect to heart failure etiology among patients in the REVERSE ( REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic Left vEntricular Dysfunction ) study .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Subjects comprised type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-79 years , treated with twice daily premixed insulin or insulin analogue formulations .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This was a multicenter , factorial randomized trial of perindopril-indapamide versus placebo ( double-blind comparison ) and intensive glucose control with a gliclazide MR-based regimen ( target A1C < or = 6.5 % ) versus standard glucose control ( open comparison ) in 11,140 participants with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease : Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation ( ADVANCE ) trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A single dose of moclobemide resulted in significant suppression of CYP2C19 activity in EMs .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Randomized , prospective , controlled clinical trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 91 were not eligible for titration , and ten withdrew during the lead-in period .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess the efficacy , tolerability and toxicity of two regimens containing different daily dosages of rifabutin in comparison with rifampicin .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The follow-up survey response rate was 66 % .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Any hypertensive patient may be found to have associated lung disease .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Fludarabine is a renally excreted agent that is an effective treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) , a disease predominantly of the elderly .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In this small series , however , it is not possible to comment on the relations between ischemic time , microembolism , and stroke .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The incidence of bleeding was significantly lower in women taking CEE 0.31 mg + MPA .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After 240 min , nasal airflow was increased by 20 % following betamethasone ( P < 0.05 ) and by 19 % following methylprednisolone .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The research findings indicate the relevance of taking account of the context in which physician-patient communication takes place .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The present study , with randomized treatment assignment and including a control group , raises questions as to what extent and in whom treatment with these drugs is effective , and suggests that treatment with antihelminthic agents may be associated with an increased frequency of long-term sequelae .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A leukotriene receptor antagonist , but not low-dose theophylline , conferred significant additive anti-inflammatory effects to therapy with a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid but not to that with a medium dose of an inhaled corticosteroid .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Our findings suggest that changes in the magnitude of incentive do not automatically result in increases in survey response among physicians .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We assessed the maximum gait speed and modified Ashworth scale before and 20 minutes after the interventions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study group consisted of 1627 elderly hypertensive patients ( mean + / - SD age 75.7 + / - 3.7 years ; 37 % males , 63 % females ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both groups received standard care of acute cerebral infarction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: It was explained to record holders that the supplementary record was intended to improve communication with health professionals and act as an aide memoire .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients treated with tubular diskectomy reported more leg pain ( = 3.3 mm ; 95 % CI , 0.2-6 .2 ) and more low-back pain ( = 3.0 mm ; 95 % CI , -0.2 -6.3 ) than those patients treated with conventional microdiskectomy .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The test formulations were considered bioequivalent with the reference formulation if the 90 % confidence limits of the AUC0 -- > infinity and Cmax ratios and the tmax differences were within the range of 80 - 125 % .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study protocol undertaken was based on a single-blind randomized controlled prospective study .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Thanks for the update. I've recorded these facts.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>I'm providing classification data with labels for your reference:\n\nSample: Topical administration of diclofenac sodium yielded 8.4 times greater drug concentration in the subretinal fluid than in the aqueous humour .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sm ( avg ) showed strong correlation with EF ( r = 0.978 ; p < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: KPS score was significantly higher in the VATS group on 2nd to 7th day postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of prolonged administration of quinapril , a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor , in the management of the peripheral vascular manifestations of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis ( lcSSc ) and in the prevention of the progression of visceral organ involvement in the disease .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: For patients with malunion of the distal radius fracture , this technology could significantly improve clinical outcomes that largely depend on the quality of restoration of normal anatomy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: To examine the efficacy of two adolescent drug abuse treatments : individual cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) and multidimensional family therapy ( MDFT ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Muraglitazar ( i ) improves glycaemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity and cell function in T2DM subjects , ( ii ) improves multiple cardiovascular risk factors , ( iii ) reduces muscle , visceral and hepatic fat content in T2DM subjects .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Variables studied were times until anesthetic block onset and reversal , need for additional sedation or peripheral block anesthetic , course of postoperative pain at 12 , 24 and 48 hours and at 7 days , nighttime rest , need for additional analgesia , and patient satisfaction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Age , gender , tumor stage , Karnofsky Performance Score and histology were equally distributed between both groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: AC and TL did not change these indexes .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We conducted a randomized trial of primary coronary angioplasty compared with thrombolysis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The mean ( SD ) age of subjects in parts 1 , 2 , and 3 was 30 ( 8 ) , 30 ( 8 ) , and 64 ( 8 ) years , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Low homoarginine is a strong risk factor for SCD and death due to heart failure in haemodialysis patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The extent of plasma protein binding of IDV in this study was less than in previously published data with IDV alone .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The treatment groups will receive acupuncture treatments either two or three times per week for a total of 10 sessions over a period of 4 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eligible children received either orally administered oseltamivir suspension or a matching placebo twice daily for 5 days .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Primary outcome measure was ROM .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eligible patients were randomized 1:1:1 to 6 monthly injections of 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg ranibizumab or sham injections .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All treatment gains were maintained at follow-up assessment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A double-blind , randomized , crossover study ( n = 65 ) with three treatment cohorts : darifenacin immediate release ( IR ) 2.5 mg three times a day ( t.i.d. ) or oxybutynin 2.5 mg t.i.d. ; darifenacin controlled release ( CR ) 15 mg once daily ( q.d. ) or oxybutynin 5 mg t.i.d. ; darifenacin CR 30 mg q.d. or oxybutynin 5 mg t.i.d. Within cohorts , patients received 7 days ' treatment with each agent separated by 14 days ' washout .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Fisher exact test was used to compare the two groups with respect to the type of anesthetic used and to compare the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Presently we analyzed statistically the prognostic impact of these 2 new parameters compared to well-known clinical parameters in metastatic prostate cancer .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that roxithromycin treatment and initial AAA size were significantly related to AAA expansion when adjusted for smoking , diastolic blood pressure , and IgA level > or = 20 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Two hundred patients with chronic thrombocytopenia were randomly divided into control ( n = 100 ) and test groups ( n = 100 ) with Amino-polypeptide as a basic treatment for both .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The best model was : CL ( L/hour ) = 20.2 [ cystatin C ( mg/L ) / 1.06 ] ( -0.60 ) [ IBW ( kg ) / 57 ] ( 0.95 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: intention-to-treat ( ITT ) analysis on cough also showed the similar results 87.02 % vs 75.36 % for total effective rate , 57.42 % vs 35.71 % for the cured-effective rate ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We questioned ( i ) whether Flu-Met maintains efficacy if given discontinuously ; ( ii ) how the efficacy of discontinuous Flu-Met plus a transdermal contraceptive compares with Flu-Met plus oral contraceptive ; and ( iii ) whether these treatments also lower circulating C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and the high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Short-term and chronic energy deprivation or leptin administrations do not alter ucOC levels .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At baseline , the groups were similar in age , weight , body mass index [ mean body mass index ( BMI ) > 27 ] , time since diagnosis , number of symptoms , CD4 + cell count , and number on protease inhibitor therapy ( n = 7 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All responses were measured on a 7-point Likert-type scale .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Baseline and postprandial serum LPS and LBP concentrations and postprandial chylomicron LPS concentrations were measured .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Thank you for sharing. I've noted this information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>Here are some examples with classification labels to remember:\n\nSample: We name white coat effect ( WCE ) to the difference between the systolic arterial pressure ( SAP ) / diastolic AP ( DAP ) of consulting room and the ambulatory obtained one with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The primary outcome variable was the change in low back pain intensity from baseline to the end of week 8 , as determined on a visual analog scale ( range , 0-100 mm ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There were no predictors of nodule detection for reader consensus with CAD .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In this study , we examine whether patient ethnicity affects the relational and decisional features of doctoring .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Pamidronate may be a useful treatment option in the management of patients with CRPS Type I. Although treatment response was variable , the majority of patients improved .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The patients were prescribed additional postoperative analgesia ( diclofenac 75 mg i.m. ) when required .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients in whom fiberoptic laryngoscopy resulted in identification of the vocal cords .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The beneficial effect of preoperative IABP in high-risk patients who have coronary artery bypass grafting was confirmed .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to determine whether alternative end points defined by smaller declines in eGFR would improve the statistical power of these clinical trials .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: According to the literature , 40 % of injuries affecting school-age children are sports related .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of 3 % neem , 2 % triclosan , 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate and 1 % sodium hypochlorite as toothbrush disinfectants against Streptococcus mutans .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Intervention clinics performed better on all measures for Medicaid and uninsured patients except cholesterol control , but no differences were statistically significant .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No differences in knee pain were found between the treatment groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Increased myocardial jeopardy from entry to five-year angiogram occurred in 42 % of PCI-treated patients and 51 % of CABG-treated patients ( p = 0.06 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In-hospital dialysis unit and echocardiography laboratory of a university medical center .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Compared with placebo , pioglitazone significantly increased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels ( 14.2 % ) , reduced fasting insulin plasma levels ( 23.6 % ) and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ( 31.7 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: / min ] than patients treated with placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , significant discrepancies exist between the two techniques .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Subsequently , they were subjected to another 8-week treatment with pravastatin 10 mg/d .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to compare systemic absorption and bronchodilator effects of salbutamol given via a novel ( `` Ventstream '' ) and a conventional ( `` Hudson Updraft II '' ) nebuliser system , having initially evaluated the performance of both nebulisers in vitro .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Inasmuch as existing theory can not account for improved balance with interfaces , we propose that when humans are supported by rigid support surfaces , elastic biologic tissues store energy from postural adjustments and locomotion , which is returned as a reaction force causing overshoot .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The median duration of effusion did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups ( 8 vs 7 days , p = 0.7 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study was carried out on 15 young women with PCOS selected according to the 2003 diagnostic criteria of The Rotterdam Consensus Statement and 15 Control women .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: An alternative extended regimen [ active period control ( flexible ( APC ) ) regimen ] allowed subjects to initiate a 4-day tablet-free interval irrespective of the occurrence of bleeding .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Length of stay was lower in the noninvasive ventilation group ( 10 + / - 5 vs 12 + / - 6 days , P = .06 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Future studies need to examine its effect on 30-day all-cause hospital readmission in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Thermoregulatory responses are thought to be drastically suppressed by general anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing collaborative care to usual care for late-life depression .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Safety and tolerability were also evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Intervention Random assignment to placebo or nanoparticular CoQ ( 10 ) ( 100 mg 3 times a day ) for a treatment period of 3 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Intubating conditions and cardiovascular responses were observed 60 s after rocuronium .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Sixty children ( median age , 3 years ; age range , 2 months to 12 years ) contributed 412 dapsone concentrations collected after 175 study doses .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Major deviations by treatment site were brain ( 26 % ) , spinal ( 7 % ) , posterior fossa ( 40 % ) , and primary tumor bed ( 17 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At baseline , a cohort research population of 1,200 smokers was recruited in the intervention region and in a control region .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The p53 : miR-34a : E2F positive feed-forward loop and the p53 : miR-605 : Mdm2 positive feed-back loop have been identified to be crucial oncogenesis/tumor suppressor-regulating signaling pathways .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: 77 patients were randomly assigned to study groups ( 15-16 patients per group ) and all were analysed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Milder spontaneous pain and pain on defecation were reported in the THD group in the first postoperative week , but this was not statistically significant .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A pretest and posttest were administered to both groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Subjects received fesoterodine and tolterodine ER with a 3-day washout period .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Due to worries about deleterious effects on bone of a relative insufficiency , vitamin D supplementation to healthy children has been suggested .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In cardiac surgical patients , heparin and protamine titration did predict a lower protamine dose but did not result in a measurable improvement in haemostasis during the perioperative period .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To compare the clinical efficacy of a collagen dressing covered with a foam dressing with the same foam used as a primary dressing in stagnating granulating pressure ulcer patients .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Subacute stimulation trials are recommended to determine the optimum motor cortex area to be stimulated and to identify nonresponders .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , the rates of vaccinated HCWs are still low in France .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Subjects were to keep rings continuously in situ until menstrual bleeding or prolonged spotting-signaled removal .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Diarrhea and mucositis occurred in 25 % of patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: None of the patients in group A and five ( 33.3 % ) of 15 in group B showed subfoveal lipid migration after laser photocoagulation ( P = .04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Therefore , repetitive enzymatic dissolution of fibrin by urokinase might reduce the risk of CVC-related infection .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Treatment with atorvastatin was associated with significant decreases in total cholesterol , triglycerides , and LDL-C and an elevation of HDL-C .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Under intravenous anesthesia , therapeutic hypercapnia inhibits local and systematic inflammation and improves respiratory function after OLV in lobectomy patients without severe complications .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The Airtraq laryngoscope ( Prodol Ltd. , Vizcaya , Spain ) is a novel single-use tracheal intubation device .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Significant univariate correlations were found between the number of relapses during the study period and the number of enhancing lesions at baseline ( r = 0.25 ) and during follow-up ( r = 0.30 ) in the study population as a whole .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although use of the commitment-to-change model is increasingly widespread in CME , the effect of signing such commitments on rates of change is not well understood .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To assess the early therapeutic and cognitive effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) combined with antidepressant medication in treatment of first-episode patients with major depression .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There is no significant difference between using nasal wash and nasopharyngeal wash methods for collecting specimen for RSV testing .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Variability based on a region of interest ( ROI ) signal intensity ( SI ) measurement was 7 % for the D ( S ) and 5 % for the D ( D ) group .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Understood. I'll keep these facts for future reference.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>I have some labeled classification examples for you to study:\n\nSample: Recent factor-analytic studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) identified consistent symptom dimensions .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Information was collected by self-answer questionnaire .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We compared the performance of the CobraPLA and LMAU in infants and children .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The time course of drug input into the systemic circulation was best described by two inverse gaussian density functions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Timed Up and Go Test and Functional Reach Test were used as functional balance tests .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomized , blinded , controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Dexamethasone therapy increased creatinine clearance ( p < 0.05 ) and diuresis ( p < 0.005 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: From 6 to 12 months of age , infants are further randomized to a lipid-based nutritional supplement , with or without additional MMN .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Relatively little is known about the relationship between physical activity and sleep efficiency in young and older humans and the impact of exercise training on sleep efficiency in healthy older individuals .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Among the childhood asthmatics , one polymorphism was associated with both baseline FEV1 and the repeated measures of FEV1 over 4 years .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All patients had pre-transplant fasting lipid profile checked when they were on maintenance haemodialysis and 3 months after renal transplantation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When the number of patients who used analgesics postoperatively was compared between groups A and B , analgesics were used more frequently in group A.\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The equivalent radiation dose of temozolomide ( Temodar ) chemotherapy was estimated from another randomized study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To compare a thromboxane antagonist ( GR3219 ) with aspirin in patients with prolonged chest pain and ST segment depression to see if the frequency of attacks of chest pain was reduced .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The demographic distribution and duration of surgery in the 3 groups were statistically similar .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Simulations incorporated published quality of life utilities and Swiss costs from 2006 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The quality of endoscopy depends on the quality of upper gastrointestinal tract preparation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: With respect to specific biomarkers , higher ADMA and CRP levels as well as lower Osteocalcin levels were predictors of ESA resistance .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Soft Cast significantly affected peak and mean plantar pressures in seven and nine of the ten masks , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment codes were generated with a computerised random number generator , and neither participants nor study personnel were masked to treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Andriol Testocaps is a new oral formulation of testosterone undecanoate ( TU ) for treatment of hypogonadism .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: intervention period ( June-November 1987 ) , and post-intervention period ( July 1987-May 1988 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both WBE - and oligofructose-intake tended to reduce fecal water genotoxicity compared to placebo ( WBE : p = 0.060 ; oligofructose : p = 0.057 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Exogenous CP was helpful to reduce myocardial injury after PCI .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Patients in Group P had an initial plasma target concentration set at 3-4 microg x mL ( -1 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study shows that a specific cancer scent does indeed exist and that cancer-specific chemical compounds may be circulating throughout the body .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: It is unknown whether this strategy would be feasible using traditional birth attendants ( TBAs ) , a cadre of CHWs who typically have limited training and educational backgrounds .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In phase 1 , one participant in the rapid weight loss group developed cholecystitis , requiring cholecystectomy .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Microvascular analysis displaying the De Backer score , the microvascular flow index , the total vessel density , the perfused vessel density , and the proportion of perfused vessels was performed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The treatment effect measured by the HAM-D28 was modest , primarily due to insomnia side effects .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no change in resting diastolic filling rates in either group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Efficacy for each clinical end point must be assessed separately when considering response to drug treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Bioscience assignment results were analysed for those who attended ( attendees ) , those randomized to the intervention but who did not attend ( non-attendees ) , and the control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The main route of elimination was urine , and approximately 90 % of the absorbed dose was alpha-2 ( 2 ' - carboxyethyl ) -6 - hydroxychroman .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We observed lower risk of cognitive decline among those in the healthiest dietary quintile of modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index compared with lowest quintile ( hazard ratio 0.76 , 95 % confidence interval 0.66-0 .86 , Q5 vs Q1 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Central corneal thickness was evaluated by means of Visante OCT ( Zeiss Meditec , USA ) 1 day before , 1 day , 7 days and 4 weeks after surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , because alcohol use disorders may present more insidiously , making it difficult to diagnose , those patients with active TB and misusing alcohol are not easily cured from TB .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Three patients from the risedronate group and one from the placebo group did not receive study treatment , leaving 94 and 49 in the intention-to-treat population , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Toxic levels of CSA or FK by themselves were associated with hyperglycemia in a minority of cases ( 8 and 26 % , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We conclude that substituting telephone care for selected clinic visits significantly reduces utilization of medical services .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To evaluate the effect of different commercial self-etching agents on enamel morphology using high-resolution in-lens scanning electron microscopy ( FEISEM ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The only side-effect correlated with inosine treatment was kidney stone formation in 4/16 subjects .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We assessed the association between hs-TnT and cardiac structure and function , and the effect of LCZ696 , compared with valsartan , on hs-TnT over 36 weeks .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To investigate the acute renal effects of three contrast media in a double-blind randomized parallel-group study .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A total of 75 patients were allocated randomly to receive melatonin 10 mg at night in addition to ongoing medication , or a placebo of identical appearance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Within 15 minutes , the guidewire was placed correctly inside the stent-graft in 6 of 7 patients in the intervention group and in 8 of 10 patients in the control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The weight of the specimen was significantly lower in the ROLL group than in the wire-guided localization group ( p = significant ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Only at the highest M6G dose ( 30 mg/70 kg ) , morphine PCA consumption was significantly less compared with placebo : over the first 12 postoperative hours mean PCA morphine consumption was 3.0 + / -2.0 mg/h after placebo and 1.4 + / -0.5 mg/h after 30 mg M6G ( P = 0.03 ) ; over the first 24 h mean PCA morphine consumption was 2.5 + / -2.1 mg after placebo and 1.0 + / -0.4 mg after 30 mg M6G ( P = 0.04 ) ( mean + / - SD ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Aminophylline infusions were adjusted to maintain therapeutic levels .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Our primary hypothesis that the mean level of smoking-related B ( a ) P-DNA adducts would be lower in all subjects in the vitamin treatment group compared with all placebo-treated subjects was not substantiated .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To compare microshear bond strength ( uSBS ) of two pairs of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to superficial and deep dentin .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The changes in outcome variables of persons with dementia did not differ between the groups ( Mann-Whitney U-test , p > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We measured the feasibility of community-based peer education , free condom distribution , income-generating projects , and clinic-based STI treatment and counselling services and evaluated their impact on the incidence of HIV-1 measured over a 3-y period in a cluster-randomised controlled trial in eastern Zimbabwe .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for letting me know. I'll keep track of this.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>The following classification examples include important label information:\n\nSample: Eleven additional patients with similar disease state and demographic characteristics were enrolled and blood samples were obtained before , and 5 , 15 , 30 , and 45 min after the initiation of lidocaine application .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The MAC determination was performed using an electrical stimulus applied to the toe web and MAC was defined as the mean value of end-tidal isoflurane between the concentrations at which a purposeful movement did and did not occur in response to the electrical stimulus .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both LABAs produced effective bronchodilation and their use was not associated with the development of clinically meaningful tolerance over a 1-year treatment period .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The in-hospital MACE rate and bleeding complications were similar between the groups while , the combined incidence of MACE during follow-up was significantly lower in the Group IC compared with Group IV ( 7.1 % versus 30.8 % ; P = 0.02 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Baseline data from 314 participants in the Colpopexy And Urinary Reduction Efforts ( CARE ) trial were analyzed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Funisitis was diagnosed in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into the umbilical vessel walls or Wharton jelly .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The patients underwent M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline , 1 , 6 and 12 months after the randomization .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Teaching hospital , Spain .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed before cell injection .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After 12 weeks the orlistat group lost , on average , 3.7 kg and the control group lost 2.0 kg in weight ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Thirty-minute exposure to the subconscious reinforcement of either a positive or negative stereotype of aging while subjects played a computer game .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: An intervention that included culturally tailored brochures and tailored telephone counseling increased CRC screening in Latinos and the Vietnamese .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The 1 mg 17beta-E2 / 0.25 mg TMG regimen showed an adequate protection of the endometrium , with an overall favorable bleeding profile .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To investigate the existence of ` reverse second gas effect ' with enflurane and to find out any influence of the variables ; age , gender , body weight and American society of anaesthesiologist ( ASA ) status of the patient over the existence of reverse second gas effect .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Results indicate that the intervention is cost-effective for the children at highest risk .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We conducted a randomized , double-blind , controlled trial comparing nebulized single-isomer epinephrine with placebo in 194 infants admitted to four hospitals in Queens-land , Australia , with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The 90 % confidence intervals ( CI ) were calculated for the area under the time-concentration curve ( AUC ) , maximum concentration ( C ( max ) ) and the time to reach C ( max ) ( t ( max ) ) of test/reference drug ratios for a bioequivalence range from 0.80-1 .25 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Children in the intervention group underwent a 1-year , nutrition-based comprehensive intervention weight-loss program .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Postmenopausal women suffering severe vasomotor symptoms used more dietary supplements than the general population .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This trial , one of the largest in the literature , has shown that psychoeducational family intervention is effective and suitable for psychiatric rehabilitation in Chinese rural communities .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Clinicians may consider prescribing phototherapy for haemodialysis patients who have intractable renal pruritus and do not respond to conventional treatments .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether primary suture of a penetrating colonic injury in the presence of delayed presentation , shock , peritoneal contamination or associated injuries leads to increased morbidity and mortality rates .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: A university hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Dictated summaries in the baseline and randomized studies were similar , which indicated that the control group was not substantially different from the baseline cohort .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Helminth infections are highly prevalent in the tropics and may have an effect on immune responses to vaccines due to their immunomodulatory effect .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Interestingly , some of the most profound changes in rCBF were observed in structures related to pain processing ( anterior cingulate and insula ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: 30 ASA physical status I , II , and III patients with cruciate ligament lesion and joint fibrosis who were scheduled for knee arthroscopy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between groups ; both treatments were generally well tolerated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This was a randomized , parallel-group study aiming to compare the effectiveness and safety of orally administered lower dose of steroids with parenteral administration of higher doses .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The mean TOTPAR2 scores for AAC , IB , and placebo were 2.7 , 2.4 , and 2.0 , respectively ( AAC vs. IB , P < .03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The completed responses for the Westside Test Anxiety Scale ( WTAS ) , the Kessler Perceived Distress Scale ( PDS ) , and the Academic Motivation Scale ( AMS ) were received from 225 students .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and usually progressive .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: We followed the guidelines proposed by Hlatky et al. ( Circulation , 119:2408 -2416 , 2009 ) , reviewed past works , and re-analyzed data from 1,489 patients receiving conventional monitoring alone , 348 of whom had 488 episodes of proven sepsis , in the large randomized trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Frame-by-frame analysis of the SC distribution was performed using spread-out vessel charts , and the results from baseline and 6 months were compared .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: According to data available in heart failure registries , it is expected that 70 % of the patients will be suitable to enter both components of the trial , which assume the same co-primary endpoints : ( a ) 15 % reduction of all-cause mortality and ( b ) 20 % reduction of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalizations .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: They were followed up after 24 h of last dosage of misoprostol or surgical intervention .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of the initial 185 volunteer participants , 126 ( 68.1 % ) completed questionnaires at baseline , 1 month , and 2 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The most frequent adverse events were generally mild or moderate and gastrointestinal in nature .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Wonderful. I'll remember these key points."]
[{"question": "Sentence: Regional anesthesia of a single finger is commonly achieved by the traditional ring block .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The specific indications for and the risks and benefits of percutaneous screw fixation of such fractures must be determined in larger randomized , prospective studies .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing LRC vs ORC in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Evaluation variables , including changes in the ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) of ischemic limbs , ulcer area , severity of rest pain , transcutaneous oxygen pressure ( T ( C ) PO2 ) , and 6-min walk distance from baseline to week 8 and 16 , as well as angiographic scores for new collateral vessel formation at week 16 , were used to compare the benefits of these 2 treatment approaches .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The relative bioavailability of estradiol from two matrix transdermal delivery systems , Alora ( 0.05 mg/day when applied for 3-4 days ) and Climara ( 0.05 mg/day when applied for 7 days ) , was evaluated in this two-period , randomized crossover study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Following ingestion of each supplement , the changes ( over baseline ) in serum iron and folate over 8 hours were determined .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Reductions in % FM were evident for both nonoverweight ( -0.62 % ; 95 % CI , -1.07 to -0.17 ) and overweight or obese ( -0.86 % ; 95 % CI,-1 .46 to -0.25 ) intervention participants .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Geometric mean titers ( GMTs ) and seroconversion rates ( SCRs ) were higher in primed vs. unprimed subjects against the booster strain 10 days following booster vaccination at month 6 and month 18 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: No significant differences ( P > 0.05 ) between whiplash and healthy groups in position matching accuracy were observed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Subjects randomly received erythromycin or placebo 30 min before the ingestion of a standard 200 ml liquid test meal .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were randomly allocated for the procedure who presented with uncomplicated Cholelithiasis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: School-based curricula such as IMPACT may help improve nutrition among ES students .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The proportion of patients achieving an HbA ( 1c ) < 7 % was greater for saxagliptin 2.5 and 5 mg vs. uptitrated glyburide ( 22.4 % and 22.8 % vs. 9.1 % ; both p < 0.0001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Both absorption rate constants were slower than the elimination rate constant , indicating ` flip-flop ' kinetics after oral administration .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: DBP was reduced by 2.1 + / - 1.0 and 3.6 + / - 1.4 mm Hg after SHORT and LONG with MOD for 3 hours ( P < .05 ) , and average DBP was lower by 2.4 + / - 1.0 mm Hg after LONG with LITE for 9 hours versus no-exercise control ( P < .05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Secondary outcomes were the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ( THI ) and a visual analogue scale .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: No significant differences were found in the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ( 2 + ) ATPase ( SERCA2a ) and ryanodine receptors ( RyRs ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was a close correlation between EASI , IGA and SCORAD .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A parallel study randomized colonoscopy patients to sodium phosphate ( n = 51 ) or Picolax ( n = 52 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: No significant differences emerged between the `` toys '' and `` no toys '' groups even after taking into account exposure to TV , commercials and other confounding factors .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The live-birth rate was 72 % in group A and 78 % in group B ( odds ratio 1.39 , 95 % confidence interval 0.55 , 3.47 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Resting energy expenditure ( EE ) is a major contributor to the total EE and thus plays an important role in body weight regulation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the long-term group , BMD further increased for cumulative 6-year gains of 15.2 % ( lumbar spine ) and 7.5 % ( total hip ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether usual care ( UC ) , or usual care plus 12 , 90-min episodes of cognitive nursing intervention ( UC + CNI ) led to sustained improvement in the psychiatric symptoms and self-esteem of 65 voice hearers assigned a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study was designed to assess the effect of oral L-arginine on the development of tolerance during continuous transdermal nitroglycerin ( TD-GTN ) therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Postoperative increases in SCr and decreases in eGFR were significantly lower in the rHuEPO group than the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Percent change from baseline in LDL-C , total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and triglycerides were assessed by use of the Student t test .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Mean weight loss in the diet group was 4.1 % + / - 3 % , and 14 of 20 patients in this group lost more than 3 % .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: This was not observed in Group III .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: : RF signals in the main PA occur mostly as a result of PA dilation , which may be caused by primary pulmonary hypertension or chronic elevation of left atrial pressure in left-sided cardiac abnormalities .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: This randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of conventional mandibular and implant-supported overdentures in diabetic edentulous patients with clinically acceptable metabolic control .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: To assess the feasibility of omitting thermal coagulation following cold knife tonsillectomy , we compared the use of a local thrombin hemostat ( FloSeal , FS ) to bipolar electrocautery ( EK ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The intent-to-treat population included 331 subjects ( 172 topiramate , 159 amitriptyline ; 84.9 % female ; 84.6 % white ; mean [ SD ] age , 38.8 [ 11.0 ] years ; mean weight , 77.1 [ 20.1 ] kg ) who provided at least 1 efficacy assessment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Intermediate outcomes were present in patients with discordant MB and SigmaSTR .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential efficacy to treat fibrotic lung disease .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the ancillary DIG trial , of the 988 patients with chronic heart failure and preserved ( > 45 % ) ejection fraction , 631 were age 65 years ( mean age 73 years , 45 % women , 12 % non-whites ) , of whom 311 received digoxin .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy delivered by telephone with the same therapy given face to face in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The following clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 8 years after treatment : plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , bleeding on probing ( BOP ) , probing depth ( PD ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of physical therapy alone and in combination with calcitonin in patients with neurogenic claudication ( NC ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Of the 98 participants providing informed consent , 71 were eligible for randomization , 67 were randomized , and 63 subjects completed the 3-month visit and were considered evaluable .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: This parallel group randomised study was carried out in Kampala City , Uganda between February 2008 and October 2010 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: All 12 patients who underwent successful stenting did not have abnormal enhancement of the leptomeninges before stenting but developed unilateral enhancement following intervention but before the second injection of contrast agent .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The estimated median survivals were 17.4 and 20.0 months for the cisplatin and carboplatin study arms , respectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Secondary endpoints include peak oxygen uptake ( VO ( 2peak ) ) , biomarkers , quality of life , and level of physical activity assessed by questionnaires .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: After 24 weeks of treatment , the proscar group ( 79.6 % ) had a greater improvement in AUA-SI score than the harnal group ( 64.3 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) ; Qmax in the 2 groups was significantly increased than that before the treatment , and it is proportional to the therapeutic time .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: No benefit was seen in triple-negative MBC ( n = 131 ; median EFS , 4.6 v 4.8 months ; P = .255 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: These results were confirmed by application of recursive partitioning and amalgamation algorithms ( RECPAM ) , which led to classification of the patients into four homogeneous subgroups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: RNA was isolated from the samples and assayed for the presence of PSA transcripts by RT-PCR .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Eight patients given dalteparin and four patients given heparin had screening for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ; three of the dalteparin patients and one of the heparin patients were positive ( p = 1.0 , Fisher 's exact test ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The results suggest that in estrogen plus progesterone-treated postmenopausal women , the lipid profile is improved not only by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and raising high-density lipoprotein levels , but also by lowering plasma Lp [ a ] concentrations .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group 3 received RF and LED : 1 RF , 2 LED sessions every 5 days for 3 times ( 3 RF and 6 LED sessions ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Women with an initial plasma chorionic gonadotrophine ( p-hCG ) between 2000 and 20 000 IU/l and a gestational age less than 75 days had a significantly better response to the medical treatment than those not fulfilling these two criteria .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: While several benefits of this mode have so far been documented , ATC has not yet been used to predict whether the ETT could be safely removed at the end of weaning , from mechanical ventilation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The total effective rate in the treated group was 72.5 % , which was not different to that in the control group ( P > 0.05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Current efforts are being focused on increasing dialysis time and/or frequency , improving phosphate control , and lowering traditional and nontraditional risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events in this patient population .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , analgesic outcome with remifentanil was not prominent in MR group as much as in TR group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: We assessed the acute effect of intracoronary injection of verapamil on microvascular function after primary percutaneous translumanal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) for acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) with myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE ) in relation to functional outcomes .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This was associated with improvement in symptoms compared with pre-treatment ratings .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Outcomes of AIDS-defining illness or death occurred in 119 ( 21.9 % ) ritonavir-group patients and 205 ( 37.5 % ) placebo-group patients ( hazard ratio 0.53 [ 95 % CI 0.42-0 .66 ] ; log-rank p < 0.0001 ) during median follow-up of 28.9 weeks , with loss to follow-up of 15 ( 1.4 % ) patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is characterised by progressive development of airflow limitation that is poorly reversible .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: All the patients received a single dose of m ml morphine ( 1.0 mg/ml ) as the background analgesia immediately after the operation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , 1.25 mg of conjugated equine estrogen caused a 24.7 % decrease in K ( itt ) values and progestins attenuated the beneficial effects of 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen from baseline values ( K ( itt ) decreased by 17.0 % ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In this cross over study twenty four sedation sessions were carried out with twelve children between the age group of 3 to 9 years .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the oral study , the drugs were administered in brownies , in the smoking study the drugs were smoked .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We studied the efficacy of rhuMab-E25 as a treatment for moderate-to-severe allergic asthma .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased physical activity on the ability of young healthy men to increase fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Recombination technology can be used to create live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) vaccines that contain combinations of known attenuating mutations .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: There were no differences between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Temperatures were evaluated at the time of premedication and 30 minutes later , just before induction of anesthesia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To investigate the changes in serum hepatitis B viral load ( HBV DNA ) and transformer growth factor - ( 1 ) ( TGF-1 ) in patients with chronic hepatitis B after entecavir treatment and evaluates the therapeutic effect of entecavir .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 19,394 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomized within 24 h of onset of symptoms to a 6-week treatment course of oral lisinopril or open control and , according to a 2 x 2 factorial design , to glyceryl trinitrate or open control .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group treatment also was associated with higher dropout .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: These data further support the notion that pimecrolimus is selectively effective in the treatment of skin disorders with an impaired function of the epidermal barrier .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: MID and TPD were lower in Groups 2 and 3 than in Groups 1 and 4 ( P = .009 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Results revealed significant improvement in naming , receptive knowledge , and expressive definitions for those children who received Spanish bridging .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Fifty-three patients suffering from Idiopathic `` Primary '' Frozen Shoulder were prospectively randomized into two treatment groups and followed up for two years from the start of treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Infectious complications occurred in 5 ( 17.2 % ) patients in the control group and no patients in the synbiotic-treated group ( P < .05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Participants in the IRC group ( n = 67 ) received links to Internet resources about pediatric TBI .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The stress management and the attention control groups received a 10-week intervention followed by an additional 15-month maintenance phase .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: On the contrary , in infants who are HAV-seropositive before vaccination , the interfering effect of passively-transferred maternal anti-HAV antibodies leads to lower post-primary immunization anti-HAV levels , as compared to those achieved by seronegative infants .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The 122 healthy women recruited between the 18th and 20th week of pregnancy at prenatal clinics in Bangalore , India , were randomized to practicing yoga and deep relaxation or standard prenatal exercises 1-hour daily .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The study objective was to evaluate variations in genes implicated in antidepressant mechanism of action for association with response to duloxetine treatment in major depressive disorder ( MDD ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: ( n = 62 ) scheduled for surgery under spinal anaesthesia were prospectively included .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Regardless of group , time in the study was associated with significant decrease in anxiety ( F1 = 11.08 ; P = .001 ) and total disability ( F1 = 26.16 ; P < .001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty patients ( mainly with early-stage disease ) were treated with UDCA at a dose of 10-15 mg/kg daily in addition to 3 mg budesonide 3 times daily ( group A ) , and 19 patients ( 1 dropped out for personal reasons ) were treated with UDCA plus placebo ( group B ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The TG allowed for more compromised liver grafts to be transplanted with less clinical evidence of IRI and improved function .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Subjects were 114 children aged 9-30 mo and below -1.5 z scores of the National Center for Health Statistics weight-for-age references who were recruited from 18 health clinics .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To determine patient perceptions of joint teleconsultations ( JTC ) , with particular reference to reasons underlying , and factors contributing to , patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with this mode of health delivery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The results showed less worsening of IP with the 4 g/day dose , compared with placebo .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: We used ultrasound imaging to study whether a lower level of compression ( class I 18 to 26 mm Hg vs class II 26 to 36 mm Hg ) is effective in removal of dermal edema .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: None the less , the results suggest that the hypothesis may have some merit and should be tested in future studies .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Gemeprost and misoprostol are two of the most widely used prostaglandins in combination with mifepristone for medical abortion in early pregnancy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 4300 subjects with angiographically determined subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) secondary to AMD .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The second group participated in a 1-hour yoga program in addition to aerobic exercise training .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We evaluated the efficacy of inhaled budesonide for decreased specific airway conductance ( sGaw ) as an indication of bronchial obstruction in very young children with recurrent cough and/or wheeze .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Controls ( n = 40 ) received no prophylactic antibiotics .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac safety profile of nebulized formoterol fumarate inhalation solution .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The trials involving ephedrine ingestion ( C+E and E ) , when compared with the nonephedrine trials ( C and P ) , caused significant increases ( P < 0.05 ) in the mean number of repetitions completed for both the leg-press and bench-press exercises but only during the first SS .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Each comparison ( modified intention-to-treat ) was tested at the 0.05 level , two-sided .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were initially treated with either auto-CPAP or fixed-CPAP for 2 months and then crossed over after a washout period of 1 week for another 2 months .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}]