["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>Please study these classification instances and their labels:\n\nSample: Seven of the 8 variables improved significantly in both groups , with no differences between the 2 groups in any variable at the end of the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Unfortunately , the number of effective treatments aimed at improving arm function due to stroke is still low .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Postoperatively , 9 ( 16 % ) of the patients in the TURP and 14 ( 23 % ) in the TUIP group received further treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) - related infravesical obstruction .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After an initiation of thrombolytic therapy , blocked blood vessels are recanalized , blood circulation improves and the cause of cardiac arrest is removed .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In a prospective randomized study , we compared topical 4 % amethocaine gel ( Ametop ) with 2 % lidocaine infiltration for analgesia for radial artery cannulation .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Intra-aortic balloon pumping and atrial pacing were initiated for patients with expected unstable hemodynamics .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In this study of 447 patients hospitalized for suspected heart failure , we were unable to demonstrate a benefit of serial testing with B-type natriuretic peptide in terms of hospital length of stay , mortality , or readmission rate .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , there were no significant differences between the three groups with different prophylactic interventions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The single-stage isoproterenol tilt table test was more effective in inducing a positive vasovagal response in an adult population than the standard passive tilt table test , and it significantly reduced the procedural time .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Fifty-four ( 10.6 % ) patients died in the first year after ICD implantation .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cilostazol was generally well tolerated with or without aspirin .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Support vector machine ( SVM ) classifier with EEG and respiration feature vector is a viable objective marker for meditation ability .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Indeed , in the observed patients , was detected a significant reduction of microhemorrhages , microaneurysms and exudates .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The severity of nausea was evaluated using a 0 to 10 VAS .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the long run , several items of the components ` social influence ' ( i.e. , addressing each other on undesirable hand hygiene behaviour p < 0.01 ) , and ` leadership ' ( i.e. , ward manager holds team members accountable for hand hygiene performance p < 0.01 ) correlated positively with changes in nurses ' hand hygiene compliance .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The closure rate of the sclerotomies , intraocular pressures , and the incidence of complications were compared between the sclerotomies performed with an MVR blade and those with a beveled trocar .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A total of 22 hemodynamically stable acute respiratory failure patients with a pulmonary artery catheter inserted for hemodynamic monitoring\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Musculoskeletal pain is a major contributor to short and long term work absence .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: After seven days , the provisional restorations were removed and 13 specimens were randomly assigned to each of the five groups ( n = 13 ) , according to the following cleansing treatments : G1-excavator ( control ) ; G2-0 .12 % chlorhexidine digluconate ; G3-40 % polyacrylic acid ; G4-mixture of flour pumice and water ; and G5-sandblasting with 50 m aluminum oxide particles at a pressure of 87 psi .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Urine drug levels were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: During NO-inhibition , the more pronounced reduction in renal water excretion after tolvaptan indicates that NO promotes water excretion in the principal cells , at least partly , via an AVP-dependent mechanism .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: For each patient , one side was randomly allocated to receive a screw-based dental distractor , and the other side a continuous force coil spring distractor .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The eradication of metronidazole-resistant H. pylori was achieved in 100 % and 88 % of patients following dual therapy and triple therapy , respectively , and acquired resistance to clarithromycin occurred in only one patient following treatment failure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were randomized intraoperatively to undergo CABG ( control subjects , n = 454 ) or CABG plus ICD implantation ( n = 446 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: On the contrary , no secretory changes were observed when the follicular phase was not prolonged ( difference in the proportion of patients with advancement between the early-hCG and the late-hCG group : 100 % , 95 % CI : 38-100 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00072501 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Thus , improving preterm infants ' neurodevelopmental outcomes requires prioritising their pain management .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: All patients were enrolled from the outpatient service of Department of Rehabilitation of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The trial will evaluate the hypothesis that lower dialysate [ Na + ] during HD results in lower left ventricular ( LV ) mass .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Diagnosis was made via structured and clinical interviews .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To evaluate the effect of oral administration of probiotics on intestinal colonization with drug-resistant bacteria among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose caudal clonidine ( 1 g kg ) in reducing the incidence of sevoflurane-induced agitation in preschool children undergoing urogenital and lower limb surgery .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Force-time profiles of the RM and SM procedures demonstrated fidelity with significant differences between components as intended .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The physicians were asked to review an additional 5 volumes .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Mean followup was 33 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Communication skills were assessed at the pre - and post-intervention times and at the end of the academic year from the perspectives of student , standardized patient and external rater .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: During the first CPR cycle after randomization , patients in the VSE group received methylprednisolone ( 40 mg ) and patients in the control group received saline placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study showed no statistical difference in % reduction in BW , BMI and WC between the GTE and placebo groups after 12 weeks of treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Seventeen healthy and physically active male volunteers were included in a crossover randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At this visit , the gums were disclosed by Mira-2-Tone solution and all gingival abrasion on the soft tissues was assessed and recorded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: External cephalic version significantly reduced the rate of cesarean section in breech presentation , and ritodrine tocolysis improved the success of ECV and should be offered to both nulliparous and parous women in the case of term breech presentation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Self-etching primer showed the highest bond strength .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Pain initiates and exacerbates sleep disturbance , whereas disturbed sleep maintains and exacerbates pain , which implies that improving the sleep of patients with osteoarthritis may also reduce their pain .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Clinical Trials.gov : NCT01046032 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Most transfusions ( 71.9 % ) were administered for hemoglobin 6 to 8g/dL ; 21.4 % were administered for hemoglobin 8 to 10g/dL with evidence for end-organ ischemia ; 65.0 % of patients avoided allogeneic transfusion altogether .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients undergoing routine , nonemergent cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to routine thermal management ( fluid warming and passive insulation , n = 30 ) or routine management supplemented by an active underbody forced-air system ( n = 30 ; Arizant Healthcare Model 635 , Eden Prairie , MN ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Mean ( SD ) preoperative vagina length in the horizontal and vertical groups was similar ( 7.87 [ 0.92 ] cm vs 7.99 [ 0.78 ] cm ; p = .41 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: One hundred patients who had no improvement after a minimum of six weeks of noninvasive treatment were enrolled in a prospective , non-blinded study and were randomly assigned to receive either epidural steroid injection or discectomy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , FCR induced low MRD levels more frequently than FC .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The only identifiable associated risk factor was elevated pre-treatment ALT .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In patients with persistently active RA , the combination of anakinra and MTX was safe and well tolerated and provided significantly greater clinical benefit than MTX alone .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At end point , the plasma concentration of pindolol was 9.9 + / -5.1 ng/mL ( mean + / - SD ; n = 40 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The median observation time was 112 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All patients received 1 g calcium/day .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>Please observe these classification examples and their associated labels:\n\nSample: Grip strength , functional reach , four step square , timed up and go and six-minute walk tests , Multiple Sclerosis Impact and Modified Fatigue Impact Scales , Becks Depression Inventory and the Health Status Questionnaire Short Form-36 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Anthropometric measurements were obtained at 3 and 24 mo of age .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There is not yet , to our knowledge , any study of early supported discharge with present length of hospital stay .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This study is the first to demonstrate that ST significantly reduces RPE and enhances endurance performance .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We conducted a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) in two clinics of the Gastrointestinal Department of the Sanitas University Foundation in Bogota , Colombia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Furthermore , the blood substrates measured were not significantly different between treatment groups under the fasting conditions of this study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no symptomatic hypotension or other adverse events during drug infusion in both groups and MACE up to 1 week post drug infusion was also similar between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of red ginseng ( RG ) on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Decreases were observed in infections during neutropenia ( 22 % v 43 % , P = .03 ) , infections requiring intravenous antibiotics ( 20 % v 43 % , P = .01 ) , and any infection irrespective of severity ( 29 % v 55 % , P = .01 ) in cycle 1 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The study group joined a weekly session of ALT for 3 months in addition to the self-management therapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After a screening ASCC was performed , patients were randomized into two treatment groups ; each patient was given cetirizine ( oral tablets ) 10 mg twice daily , or matching placebo for 3 1/2 days in off-pollen season .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Among 359 outpatients , venlafaxine XR and fluoxetine were significantly superior ( p < .05 ) to placebo on the HAM-D total score beginning at week 2 and continuing to the end of the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Adjuvant AV-fistula does not improve the patency of a femorocrural PTFE bypass with a distal vein cuff .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: isrctn.org Identifier : ISRCTN74348595 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: End points for the study were the first use of antilymphocyte therapy , the number of courses of antirejection therapy given during the first 6 months , and graft and patient survival at 1 year .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: EUDRAct No : 2006-005395-40 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Mean VAS pain score at rest was 2.2 versus 2.7 , 2.1 versus 2.5 , 1.8 versus 2.2 , 1.6 versus 1.6 , 1.3 versus 1.4 at one , two , four , eight , 12 and 24 hours , respectively , for celecoxib versus diclofenac .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Our objective was to determine whether exposure to magnesium at the time of delivery affects initial neonatal resuscitation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The decrease in LDL-C did not differ , irrespective of baseline levels of cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers , in the double-dose statin group , and was similar to that in patients with lower absorption and higher synthesis markers in the ezetimibe-plus-statin group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 3 and 6 months , no difference between treatment arms was observed in the progression rate .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In this study , we sought to identify a criterion for the intermediate-risk grouping of patients with cervical cancer who exhibit any intermediate-risk factor after radical hysterectomy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Heart rate , body weight , hematological and blood chemistry variables , and urinalysis results ( glucosuria and proteinuria ) did not vary both groups throughout the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Dutasteride and finasteride had similar effects on steroid profiles , with reduced urinary androgen and glucocorticoid metabolites and reduced circulating DHT but no change in plasma or salivary cortisol .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We investigated whether melatonin influences glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in aged women .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The effectiveness of intensive self-management education could be shown only in the short term .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , no large randomised controlled trials exist evaluating the efficacy of either laxative .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: However , the efficacy of such a filter in a clinical setting is unknown .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Anti-HBe seroconversion occurred more frequently in patients receiving famciclovir 500 mg tid compared with placebo ( p = 0.04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Compared to baseline , pain score was lower in the P group at discharge ( -10 % ) and at 7 days ( -13 % ) , while pain increased in the L group at discharge ( +39 % ) and at 7 days ( +21 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The sensitivity of the CAD system was satisfactory .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In this study , we undertook to evaluate the efficacy of the potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor clomipramine in treating depersonalization .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Within each CURB65 class , higher ProADM-levels were associated with an increased risk of adverse events and mortality .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Nowadays , advanced irradiation techniques make it possible to escalate safely the dose in prostate cancer .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose escitalopram in the treatment of binge-eating disorder ( BED ) associated with obesity .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A confirmatory analysis was performed by Western blot testing .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was a significant increase in TBUT [ 3.3 2 ( 1.5 ) ] and Nelson grade [ 0.7 2 ( 0.6 ) ] in the O3FA group ( P < 0.0001 ) as compared with 0.3 2 ( 0.6 ) and 0.1 2 ( 0.4 ) in the placebo group ( P = 0.164 and 0.094 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>I've processed this information and will remember it.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>I have some labeled classification examples for you to study:\n\nSample: The total I-PSS diminished significantly by 33.1 % ( P = 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Continuous data were compared using two-tailed t-tests and categorical data using Fisher 's test .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After bilateral upper blepharoplasty in 38 consecutive patients , one eyelid per patient was randomized for cooling with an ice pack , and the other eyelid was left uncooled .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary outcome was the number of moderate and severe exacerbations .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: An improvement in LVEF was observed in the entire group ( 59.4 % + / - 11 % to 61.0 % + / - 11 % , P = .003 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In an attempt to identify the best infusion site , we performed a crossover study in six preschool children with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Controlled data supporting the efficacy of these treatments in patients with irritable bowel syndrome are lacking .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Clinically relevant markers of proficiency including error reduction , understanding of surgical strategy , and surgical quality are significantly improved with structured coaching .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Cryopreservation diminished contractile and endothelium-dependent relaxant responses of human arteries .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Duration of active phase was lower in massage group ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Three urban general practices patients : 31 healthy , sedentary 50 - to 65-year-old participants recruited following contact by their general practitioner .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the absence of cardiogenic shock or end-organ hypoperfusion , inotrope use during hospitalization for HF was associated with unfavorable 6-month outcomes , regardless of admission SBP , cardiac index , or HF etiology .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Exercise was also followed by a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ) in platelet aggregation , but this only occurred with the high but not with the low concentrations of adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We selected 40 patients who were candidates for elective thoracotomy in the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Federal University of So Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine , in the city of So Paulo , Brazil .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Fifty patients who had early surgery ( < or = 4 days ) for a ruptured aneurysm were enrolled in this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All parameters including plaque index ( PI ) , probing depth ( PD ) , attachment loss ( AL ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were measured at baseline , 4 and 7 weeks after treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Randomised , controlled , blinded trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: NBI-42902 was rapidly absorbed after oral administration with a terminal elimination half-life ranging from 2.7 + / - 0.3 to 4.8 + / - 0.8 h.\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , a subgroup of participants showed manual violations .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Of 217 patients randomised , 212 ( 98 % ) were analysed at the primary follow-up ( mean age = 59 years , 49 % female ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were small ( mean 35 % ) increases in drug exposure for all analytes after coadministration of ER niacin and ezetimibe/simvastatin 10mg/20mg .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The Head and Neck Radiotherapy Questionnaire ( HNRQ ) was developed by a panel of health care workers and patients , was pretested in a pilot study of HNC patients , and was validated in a randomized double-blind trial of concomitant fluorouracil ( FUra ) infusional therapy ( 1.2 g/m2 per 24 hours ) or saline placebo administered for 72 hours in the first and third weeks of a 6 1/2 - week course of radiation therapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: While there were more opioid-related side effects with BTDS treatment than with placebo , there were no serious adverse events .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 72 patients completed the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The rates of complete response ( no vomiting , retching , or need for another antiemetic medication ) from 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia were 35 % ( 7/20 ) with ramosetron 3 microg/kg , 90 % ( 18/20 ) with ramosetron 6 micro/kg , and 90 % ( 18/20 ) with ramosetron 12 microg/kg compared with placebo ( 30 % [ 620 ] , P = NS , P = 0.001 , and P = 0.001 vs placebo , respectively ) ; the corresponding rates from 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia were 35 % ( 7/20 ) , 90 % ( 18/20 ) , and 95 % ( 19/20 ) compared with placebo ( 35 % [ 7/20 ] ; P = NS , P = 0.001 , and P = 0.001 vs placebo , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After each treatment period , we investigated the effect of simvastatin on renal blood flow and endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Randomized controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When patients with persistent disease ( TRG1 vs. TRG2 vs. TRG3 ) were analyzed separately , TRG had no prognostic value for DFS , p = 0.402 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: They also assessed their satisfaction with treatment on a Clinical Global Impression-improvement rating scale .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The prevalence of overweight and obesity decreased by 3.2 % ( from 20.3 to 17.1 ) in intervention schools compared with an increase of 2.8 % ( from 16.1 to 18.9 ) in control schools ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This model seems to describe re-epithelialization in a reliable manner and can be used for in vivo assessment of drug effects on migrating and proliferating epithelial cells .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The control group consisted of similar patients receiving usual care for hypertension .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Perioperative oxygenation with 80 % Fio2 is not effective in reducing SSI following cesarean delivery .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Psycho-education by trained midwives was effective in reducing high childbirth fear levels and increasing childbirth confidence in pregnant women .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The mean ( + / - standard deviation ) bleeding time was 1.8 + / - 0.47 minutes for patients who stopped aspirin therapy one week before the procedure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Data were recorded and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and t-test .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , 6 of the 10 subjects with a positive test at an 80 degree angle had an abnormal response after 10 minutes of tilt testing .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The SBAT was effective and cost-effective in reducing symptoms in urban children with asthma compared with other existing programs .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Within the Diabetes Prevention Program , the Ala12 allele influences central obesity , an effect which may differ by treatment group and dietary PUFA intake ( ClinicalTrials.gov ID no : NCT00004992 ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Three patients in each arm were evaluable for virological analysis at discontinuation or failure ( HIV-1 RNA > 500 copies/mL ) ; no genotypic resistance , change in tropism , or loss of susceptibility relevant to treatment was observed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The object was to describe psychometric properties of the Brief PREPARED ( B-PREPARED ) instrument to measure preparedness for hospital discharge from the patient 's perspective .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Treatment with lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily resulted in clinically significant lower blood pressure compared with ibuprofen 600 mg three times daily in osteoarthritis patients with well controlled hypertension .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: HIV infection status was determined by HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Tertiary prevention by treatment of spontaneous preterm labor with beta-agonists was effective in delaying delivery by 48 hr compared with placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>Please study these classification instances and their labels:\n\nSample: However , we did observe that Caucasian women and those taking antidepressant medications had lower levels of baseline HRV .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A higher proportion of women veterans ( 29.1 % ) reported taking prescription medication for headache in the last year compared with men ( 19.7 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) , by virtue of their mechanism of action , have greater efficacy than H2-blockers in gastric acid suppression .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The accumulative rate of cefozopran through urine pathway within 24 h was ( 89.4 + / - 15.5 ) % .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Pref-1 levels , bone formation and resorption markers , and BMD .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Randomized controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After a 4-week run-in with placebo administration , a randomized double-blind , three-arm double-dummy trial was used .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: University Children 's Hospital , University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Any department of radiology that handles referrals from primary care could deliver this intervention to good effect .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This interventional study provides Class I evidence that time-locked rTMS before or after physical therapy improves measures of dexterity and force in the affected limb in patients with chronic deficits more than 6 months poststroke .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between familial factors and myopia progression in children .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Results also are sensitive to how subjectively reported productivity is valued .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: During the first three dialysis sessions of the treatment course , to avoid potentially ineffective therapy , a supplemental dose of LZD might be given if necessary or the dose of LZD should be administered 4h before the beginning of the HD session .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No significant differences in sucking measures were noted among treatment groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Group differences will be analysed with chi-square tests and survival analyses .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Combination antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir ( LPV/r ) has been highly effective in clinical trials .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In gainfully employed patients and in patients who receive RA related retirement payments productivity costs exceed direct costs .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Supplementation was well tolerated , with no treatment-related changes in liver enzymes , growth , or antioxidant status .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Phosphate concentration decreased during radiotherapy in all 3 groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean pain scores were similar at 30 minutes ( 5.0 versus 5.0 ; difference 0 ; 95 % confidence interval -0.6 to 0.8 ) and at 60 minutes ( 2.2 versus 2.2 ; difference 0 ; 95 % confidence interval -0.3 to 0.3 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The difference between drug and placebo was therefore 0.73 units ( 95 % CI -0.86 to 2.32 ) for cilazapril , and 0.87 units ( 95 % CI -0.96 to 2.70 ) for captopril , with small non-significant effect sizes ( a statistical method for estimating the importance of a treatment related change ) of 0.12 and 0.14 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The adjusted risk of mortality for the DP group was 2.8 times that of the CTX group in the first part of the study ( 95 % CI , 1.1-7 .3 ; P = 0.037 ) , and 1.8 times ( 95 % CI , 1.1-2 .9 ; P = 0.02 ) in the prolonged follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Recombinant lipoprotein 2086 vaccine is a promising candidate for broad protection against invasive meningococcus serogroup B disease .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We sought to determine if dietary supplementation with specific vitamins and minerals can lower mortality from or incidence of cancer as well as mortality from other diseases in Linxian .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Among H. pylori-positive patients , 18 received placebo and 31 received active medication resulting in eradication in 21 cases .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After 6 months , the usual care group will have access to the FITNET program .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When hospital costs of comorbidity were excluded , the PET/CT regimen was found to be both more accurate and cost saving .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The evaluated IR-tool and protocol may be applied to achieve a considerable radiation dose reduction in MDCT for diagnostics of urolithiasis while maintaining a confident image quality .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To evaluate the effect of daily oral acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA ) on NER-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To test the anti-inflammatory effect of pimecrolimus cream after damage of the skin barrier by sodium lauryl sulphate ( SLS ) in a randomised , placebo-controlled , observer-blinded study .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: However , both orange juice and CDH ingestion significantly improved postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity compared with CDP ( P < 0.05 ) when measured at the peak of plasma hesperetin concentration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Multicentre study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At 1 year of age 148 children ( intervention : 70 ; control : 78 ) and at 2 years of age 146 children ( intervention : 68 ; control : 78 ) were assessed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation ( 10.1 % + / - 6.1 % vs 9.6 % + / - 6.2 % ) and absolute brachial diameter ( 0.48 + / - 0.22 vs 0.42 + / - 0.24 mm ) did not change in Trained patients , but brachial flow-mediated dilation ( 10.5 % + / - 2.8 % vs 7.9 % + / - 5.1 % ) and the absolute change in brachial diameter ( 0.48 + / - 0.16 vs 0.36 + / - 0.24 mm ) decreased significantly ( p < or = 0.05 ) in the Control patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The convenience , low incidence of adverse effects , and cost benefit of the once-daily regimen of C + A may be particularly useful to reduce the overall treatment costs and duration of hospitalization .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: It takes into account the two central roles of the brain in terms of energy metabolism .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A pre-planned intermediate analysis was carried out after the BB1 , BB2 and IV groups had recruited 68 , 48 and 65 patients , respectively .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Thanks for the update. I've recorded these facts.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>These examples show different classes - please note the labels:\n\nSample: Concentrations of testosterone , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , and follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ; study 3 only ) were evaluated at 6 and 24 hours postdose in studies 1 and 2 , respectively , and at varying time points postdose in study 3 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The authors suggested that during cardiac catheterization in children , both the anesthesiologists and cardiologists need to know that anesthetic agents can significantly alter the hemodynamic status in children with complex congenital heart defects and affect the results of hemodynamic calculations that are important for decision-making and treatment of these patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: d-1 , and cost of gain ( storage + metabolic cost ) as 7.6 + / - 1.7 kcal/g , with no significant effect of % protein .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Primary outcome measure is progression free survival .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Generalized anxiety disorder is a common condition of excessive worry and tension which tends to run a chronic course associated with significant psychiatric and medical problems .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The findings suggest that a titration regimen with a starting dose of 5-10 g and a maximum dose of 80 g is likely to be a well-tolerated and potentially efficacious regimen for future clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer 's disease .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The use of isoflavones , as an alternative to estrogen therapy , may be potentially useful and seemingly safe in this group of women who are looking for relief from menopausal symptoms .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of academic detailing as a method of implementing a clinical guideline in general practice .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: An exercise-induced increase in cerebral perfusion was not affected by hyperoxia , whereby the enhanced availability of oxygenated hemoglobin increases cerebral oxygenation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: After a 14-week run-in with insulin glargine , patients with an A1C level greater than 7.0 % were randomly assigned to 1 , 2 , or 3 time ( s ) daily insulin glulisine for 24 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We chose patient who have epilepsy and that are being treated with phenytoin , carbamazepine or both and formed two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Molecular typing revealed that 147 isolates ( 70 % ) were the USA100 clone , 26 ( 12 % ) were USA300 , 12 ( 6 % ) were USA500 , 8 ( 4 % ) were USA800 , and 17 ( 8 % ) were other MRSA genotypes .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The frequency of usage and the questions asked varied with user role ( primary care physician , specialist physician , nurse practitioner ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Further work is required to establish the longevity of this effect during the monthly wearing cycle .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Hand hygiene prescriptions are the most important measure in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Alkalinization of urine using the Na/K citrate may reduce the incidence of CIN .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Study groups were similar in age , gender , bone fractured , and dominant hand injured .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The average decreases in value of SpO2 , systolic blood pressure , and diastolic blood pressure in group Cs were significantly lower than those in group Cc .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: From Dec. 2001 to Dec. 2005 , 3345 consecutive patients underwent implantation with Cypher stents ( eluted with sirolimus : 2165 patients , 2362 lesions , 2695 stents ) or TAXUS stents ( eluted with paclitaxel : 1180 patients , 1453 lesions , 1725 stents ) in our hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Every patient has locally been treated with periodic and specific medications , according to the type of difficult wound , and subsequently they proceeded to find out how to treat the systemic factors causing ulcer .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the intact group the need for oxytocin was twice as common ( 76 in the intact group vs 36 in the amniotomy group , p = 0.000005 ) , and the active phase of labor was considerably longer ( 5 hours 56 minutes in the intact group vs 4 hours 35 minutes in the amniotomy group ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Aliquots of blood were withdrawn at several time intervals , until the 5th day after the operation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study suggests that the therapeutic effect of STN DBS is related to a decrease in prefrontal cortex metabolism .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We conducted a randomized , controlled trial to determine whether repairing the mitral valve during CABG may improve functional capacity and left ventricular reverse remodeling compared with CABG alone .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: A two arm randomised controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Randomized , placebo-controlled study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Our objective was to determine if parents of pediatric ED patients in , low-literacy , inner-city hospital , who used the audio-assisted bilingual ( English/Spanish ) self-triage kiosk , were able to enter their child 's medical history data using a touch screen panel with greater speed and accuracy than routine nurse-initiated triage .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Bufei granule can treat patients with stable COPD by lowering the frequency of acute exacerbation , improving the quality of life , and alleviating the severity of inflammation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: OM can compromise nutrition , require opioid analgesics and hospitalization for pain control , and lead to treatment interruptions .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: This finding was corroborated by secondary outcome measures , for example , quality of life , and by qualitative information about patients ' experiences .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Orthoses studied were Boston anterior opening , Aspen lumbosacral , and Cybertech .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients were randomized at the time of implantation , with the pacing mode being programmed accordingly one month later .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Understood. I'll keep these facts for future reference.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>Here are some classification examples to learn from. Please pay attention to the labels:\n\nSample: Patients were randomized to receive either conventional preoperative fasting of 8 hours ( fasted group , n = 12 ) or one of three different beverages drunk in the evening before surgery ( 400 mL ) and 2 hours before the initiation of anesthesia ( 200 mL ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Each patient received the study medication for 16 wk after 1 wk of pre-observation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Restenosis rate , at six-month follow-up was higher in the bare metal stent group compared with the stent graft and sirolimus eluting stent groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A randomized , controlled trial in 1994 included 42 attending physicians and 39 residents from the Department of Medicine at the Indiana University School of Medicine who taught 110 students on medicine ward rotations for one-month periods .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: These findings suggest that sugars may be the nutrients that contribute to the observed association between SSB and BP .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The birthweight of infants was 3131 + / - 488 g with patients treated with nicardipine and 3019 + / - 494 g with the salbutamol group ( NS ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess intubating conditions without neuromuscular blocking drugs , to determine the relation between the dose of rocuronium and the probability of achieving excellent or at least good ( good or excellent ) intubating conditions with the intubating laryngeal mask airway ( ILMA ) , and finally , to determine the relationship between rocuronium use and the success rate of endotracheal intubation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Patients were assessed by questionnaire on pain scores at rest and during mobilisation for up to six weeks , total analgesic consumption , duration of time off work , any complications , and patient perception of cosmetic results at various periods up to 12 weeks following surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the remifentanil patients during infusion ( 27 % vs. 2 % in the propofol group , P < 0.001 ) but similar postoperatively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Eighteen Dutch IVF centers .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Heparin-bonded circuits ameliorate the systemic inflammatory response in pediatric patients from cardiopulmonary bypass .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Fifteen patients per group were included .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: P < 0.05 was considered significant .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Pharmacodynamics were assessed by recording of saccadic eye movements ( saccadic peak velocity ) and electroencephalography ( beta-power ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Doppler pressure half-time ( PHT ) is widely used for mitral valve area ( MVA ) assessment but its accuracy has not been fully evaluated before and after percutaneous mitral commissurotomy ( PMC ) in a large series of patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Comparison between the two groups showed significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The remaining 143 spontaneous conceptions occurred in infertile patients with previous repeated abortions .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We also examined whether usual intake of junk food moderated the effect of message type on high calorie snack food intake .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: HRQOL was maintained across both summary and all subscale scores from baseline to 48 weeks in the TPV/r and CPI/r treatment arms , despite the incidence of treatment-related AEs .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: All parametric data ( body weight , etc. ) were not significantly different between groups or between day 1 and day 15 for either group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We designed this randomized , controlled trial to investigate whether the use of this technique impacts the accuracy of CVC placement .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of interscalene brachial plexus block for upper limb , scapular and chest pain .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was revealed in 72 ( 83 % ) patients at baseline and 37 ( 43 % ) at month 12 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: They followed three diets for a 3-week period each : a usual diet ( UD ) , an LPD ( 0.5 g.kg-1 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Median duration of response ( 20 vs 18 vs 19 months for MP , VCMP/VBAP ` SD ' , and VCMP/VBAP ` HD ' , respectively ; P = NS ) and median survival ( 25 vs 31 vs 29 months for MP , VCMP/VBAP ` SD ' , and VCMP/VBAP ` HD ' , respectively ; P = NS ) were similar in the three groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The excision was adequate in 24 ( 89 % ) of 27 US-guided excisions and 12 ( 55 % ) of 22 wire-guide excisions ( P = .007 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Intervention effects on continuous outcomes , on movement to action and maintenance stages , and on stability within action and maintenance stages were evaluated using random effects modeling .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Chronic hepatitis B is a common and often progressive liver disorder for which there is no accepted therapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Intensive care units were randomly assigned to guideline or control groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary end points included the time until the onset of new squamous-cell carcinomas , occurrence of other skin tumors , graft function , and problems with sirolimus .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 60 consecutive patients were randomized to undergo laparoscopically assisted or open right or left sided colectomy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ziyin Tongbi Decoction ( ZTD ) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: Vitamin K1 prophylaxis in neonates is required for prevention of vitamin K1 deficiency bleeding .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Nursing specialists provided video-assisted educational material in both arms and daily telemonitoring for the first week in the experimental arm .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Reductions in 24-h ABP were similar in the three groups ( 11/10 , 5/7 , and 7/8 mmHg , respectively ; NS ) , as were reductions in day ABP ( 11/9 , 7/7 , and 8/9 mmHg , respectively ; NS ) and night ABP ( 4/11 , 7/7 , and 3/3 mmHg , respectively ; NS ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Eighty patients with viral warts ( common , plantar and plane ) were all resistant to all forms of treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This is the final analysis of this trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In each session , subjects either received auricular acupuncture ( AA ) or did not .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Use of 0.125 % bupivacaine for continuous interscalene block did not prevent a deterioration of diaphragmatic motility and ventilatory function .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Panavia F provided significantly higher SBS values than RelyX Unicem ( p < 0.01 ) for nontreated zirconia specimens of both brands .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Baseline characterisitcs , including age , body mass index ( BMI ) , blood pressure and gender distribution were comparable between the two groups , as was HbA ( 1c ) [ 7.9 ( 7.9-8 .0 ) , TD vs. 8.0 ( 7.9-8 .0 ) % , CO , means ( 95 % CI ) ] .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Self-efficacy ( primary outcome ) , self-management behaviour , communication with clinician , depression scores , and healthcare use were assessed by blinded interviewer-administered questionnaires in Sylheti before randomisation and 4 months later .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Severe hyperkalemia is a serious problem during orthotopic liver transplantation .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: All subjects decreased abdominal fat measurements and energy and cholesterol intakes , as well as percentage of energy derived from total and saturated fat during the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All patients must have a CT scan confirming spontaneous lobar intracerebral haemorrhage ( 1 cm from the cortex surface of the brain and 10-100 ml in volume ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A high prevalence of low back pain has persisted over the years despite extensive primary prevention initiatives among nurses ' aides .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In the absence of an interaction , an additive effect for receiving both the GP 's letter and leaflet ( 11.8 % , 95 % CI : 8.5-16 % ) was confirmed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We randomized 33 continuation schools either to receive the educational intervention ( n = 16 ) or to be controls ( n = 17 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: No significant side effects were reported during each 4-week treatment period .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We assessed the role of cuff inflation in improving oropharyngeal navigation of 3 ET tubes of varying stiffness during direct laryngoscope-guided NTI .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Prospective , controlled , randomized , crossover study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We defined the EMG + endpoint to be the threshold between EMG + response and nonresponse to a stimulus , and estimated ( C ) isoBrain at this endpoint .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ISRCTN87909028 .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Several trials investigating erythropoietin as a novel cytoprotective agent in myocardial infarction ( MI ) failed to translate promising preclinical results into the clinical setting .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: At 160-180 minutes after drug administration , peritoneal fluid , portal vein blood and peripheral blood were taken .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Country of origin accounted for the largest proportion of variation in time .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant difference in the frequency of AEs between groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The IPCS were assessed before and after the study in interviews with the SPs .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: An observational clinical pilot study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , there was statistical significance in wrinkles reduction on the BTA sides compared to pre-treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Paclitaxel poliglumex ( PPX ) , a macromolecular polymer-drug conjugate of paclitaxel and poly-l-glutamic acid , may enhance the therapeutic index of paclitaxel .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Further randomized studies enrolling a larger number of patients are necessary to determine which patients may benefit the most from this procedure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To clarify the hypothesis that nicotine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in UC through selective inhibition of T-cell-derived cytokine synthesis , we studied in vivo effects of nicotine on cytokine production by human non-adherent mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: All colonoscopies were performed by a single , blinded endoscopist .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: the study was a seven day randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial including 30 volunteers .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Hence , an improved clinical benefit is to be expected predominantly in large , hypoxic and slowly growing tumors .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The dose of antiglaucoma agent was increased from 0.25 % to 0.5 % twice daily for timolol or from 2 % to 4 % four times daily for pilocarpine if the initial IOP response was inadequate .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A qualitative study using a thematic approach to analysis of data collected in face-to-face interviews .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: IVUS was then performed on all patients to detect incomplete stent strut apposition , dissection within the stent or a suboptimal stent expansion index ( SEI ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of the 3 qualitative components of pain , only the affective component was not influenced by butorphanol .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Adverse perinatal outcome in otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies of > or = 41 weeks is very low with either of the management schemes described .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Automated decision aid can provide valuable information to operators , individual abilities can limit or facilitate team performance , and team communication patterns can alter how effectively individuals work together .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Were studied 21 patients with a history of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope and HUT .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Clarification of elements in the partnership between patients , PCPs , and oncologists will inform efforts to optimally care for older patients with advanced cancer .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Despite a positive response to the educational intervention , there was no change in bottle-feeding behaviors ( formula intake at 4 to 5 months was more than 1100 mL/day in both groups ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This clinical prospective study describes how caries preventive measures applied according to caries risk affect new caries incidence in a group of preschoolers , as compared to a group where standardized caries prevention is applied , regardless of risk .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Forty-two preterm infants ( < 33 weeks ' gestation , birth weight < 1500 gm , hematocrit < 38 % ) were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin ( Eprex ) , 600 U/kg per week , and randomly assigned to receive either an oral preparation of ferrous lactate ( elemental iron , 12 mg/kg per day ) or an intravenous preparation of iron sucrose ( 6 mg/kg per week ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Post-hoc statistics suitable to describe the temporal changes in cluster headache indicate that conduction of future larger studies may be justified .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Alveolar macrophage ( AM ) - derived cytokines and basement membrane thickness ( BMT ) were measured at baseline and after 7 weeks treatment while symptoms , spirometry , exhaled nitric oxide ( eNO ) and airway hyperresponsiveness ( AHR ) to mannitol at baseline and 6 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>Here are some classification examples to learn from. Please pay attention to the labels:\n\nSample: Changes in the volume of the neurosensory retina , amount of subretinal fluid ( SRF ) , pigment epithelium detachment ( PED ) , and subretinal tissue ( SRT ) , were calculated over the 54-week trial period .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Data are median [ range ] .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Random crossover design providing a comparison of knee JPS measures from image capture and IKD procedures .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This device could therefore become the treatment of choice for CPP-associated endometriosis in women who do not wish to conceive .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Consequently , such patients are at high risk for developing drug therapy-related problems ( DTRPs ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Patients with out-of-hospital arrest of presumed cardiac pathogenesis were sequentially randomized to ACD+ITD CPR or S-CPR by the advanced life support team after intubation .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Blood samples were taken monthly at times 0 , 30 , 60 , 180 and 240 min , as well as 1 , 4 and 20 h after dialysis end .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In addition , no difference in efficacy , safety , or tolerability was observed for patients undergoing an immediate switch from an SSRI ( after having been tapered to the minimal effective dose ) to mirtazapine , compared with those undergoing the imposition of a 4-day drug-free washout .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare the efficacy of early phacoemulsification versus laser peripheral iridotomy ( LPI ) in the prevention of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) rise in patients after acute primary angle closure ( APAC ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: However , further research is needed to identify ways to improve the potency and sustainability of psychoeducational interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The paper focuses on medicine for headache , stomach ache , cough , cold , nervousness , and difficulties in getting to sleep .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Tmax was 4.2 and 4.3 hours for d-amphetamine to l-amphetamine , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Between January 2009 and June 2012 , 84 patients ( 45 men , 39 women ; median age 66 y ; range , 42 to 88 y ) with large colorectal SPs ( diameter 2 cm ) were randomized in 1:1 ratio to undergo treatment by the `` lift and cut '' piecemeal resection technique .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To investigate the characteristics of birefringence in human sperm heads and apply polarization microscopy for sperm selection at intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: New mesh erosions occurred in both arms over time , although at a similarly low rate .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Vitamins C and E may increase the eradication rate via increasing the effectiveness of the antibiotics by decreasing oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa and strengthening the immune system .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The current study assessed the effect of 14 days pretreatment with lithium and valproate on these dextroamphetamine-induced changes in regional brain activity in healthy volunteers .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Two hundred and ninety-nine patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF were enrolled in the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This is a significant problem in Taiwan .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: COPD is a devastating disease affecting millions worldwide .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In total , 14 pre-school classes are included from a municipality in Stockholm county where there is large variation in socio-economic status between the families .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that all SRDIs were significant predictors of cardiac events whereas none of St-SDs was .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Predict efficacy of an investigational MC-4 vaccine in 2-year-old children for prevention of group C disease .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: After 9 months of pharmaceutical care implementation , the test group showed a significant decline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.0001 ) , serum phosphorus level ( p = 0.006 ) and parathyroid hormone level ( p = 0.001 ) versus their baseline values and versus the control .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A concomitant boost of 18.2 Gy ( 0.7 Gy per fraction ) was delivered to the gross disease using small fields with 1.5-cm margins .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Participants in the smoking cessation only intervention group will only receive components ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The impact of active atrial septal pacing on post-CTS AF has not been well characterized .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The CST is an easy-to-use , reliable , and fast test of retronasal olfactory performance suitable for the screening of smell function in children above the age of 6 years and adults .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The best CRT stimulation was continued for nine months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Gynaecology department at a teaching hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Forty-two patients undergoing 43 spleen biopsy procedures for focal lesions ( n = 27 [ 16 single , 11 multiple ] ) or diffuse splenomegaly ( n = 15 ) were analyzed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The doses in groups A and B showed no significant difference .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The visual analog scale , an objective measure of pain , allows a subject to grade their perceived intensity of pain on a line between 0 and 100 mm .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with sonographically guided intratumoral ethanol injection in the treatment of uterine fibroids and to compare its therapeutic effects and potential side effects with those of simple high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: They were randomised into two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patient clinical and demographic characteristics were noted , with follow-up for 12 postoperative months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To evaluate the efficacy of membrane sweeping at initiation of labor induction in low-risk patients at term pregnancy ( 38-40 gestational weeks ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: With PF , an increase of eicosapentanoic acid ( EPA ) and alpha linolenic acid was found with a reciprocal decrease in arachidonic acid ( AA ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Subjects were assessed preoperatively , six-weeks postoperatively ( Pre-intervention ) and four and 12 months postoperatively ( Post-intervention ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Mild tooth sensitivity can be expected in approximately one-half of patients who undergo home whitening treatment using the gel studied .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>I'm sharing some classification data with labels for you to learn:\n\nSample: In particular , force-based or haptic skills must be addressed in simulators , especially because a large percentage of surgical errors are caused by the over-application of force .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Sixty consecutive male patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair were randomly allocated to one of two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Subjects were randomised to telemedicine case management or usual care .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: To determine if OMT influences levels of circulatory pain biomarkers .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: We randomly assigned 636 patients with untreated chronic-phase CML to receive imatinib alone at a dose of 400 mg daily , imatinib ( 400 mg daily ) plus cytarabine ( 20 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day on days 15 through 28 of each 28-day cycle ) or pegylated interferon ( peginterferon ) alfa-2a ( 90 g weekly ) , or imatinib alone at a dose of 600 mg daily .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A significant proportion of patients treated empirically with a proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) present with symptoms of functional dyspepsia with a high placebo-response to therapy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In Group-A the catheters were kept for more than one day according to the standard protocol of our ward .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol ( 50 microg ) with vaginal dinoprostone .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Eighty four patients with early or advanced Parkinson 's disease and marked , drug resistant tremor under a stable and optimised antiparkinsonian medication were included in a double blind , randomised , placebo controlled , multicentre study and assigned to add on treatment ( 7 week dose titration interval , 4 week maintenance period ) with either pramipexole ( n = 44 ) or placebo ( n = 40 ) as adjunct .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Planned analyses will examine the association between tumour volume and characteristics ( perfusion and contrast washout ) as seen on mpMRI , HistoScan ultrasound and biopsy histopathology in both groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Recently , high-volume local infiltration analgesia ( LIA ) in total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) has been introduced , but dosage , timing , and effects of adjuvants are still debated .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Treatment in a specialised PACU rather than an ICU , after elective cardiac surgery leads to earlier extubation and quicker discharge to a step down unit , without compromising patient safety .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There were no significant differences in demographic data among the the three groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Plasma AA concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography on days 1 , 3 , and 7 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The PPV for the detection of significant CAD was 29 % for SPECT and 45 % for DE ( NS ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The medication group was treated with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia ( PCIA ) with Sufentanil .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: More patients receiving sodium phosphate vs. polyethylene glycol plus bisacodyl found it easy to take ( 77 % vs. 42 % ) , reported it to be without taste ( 47 % vs. 6 % ) , found it easy to take with respect to volume of liquid prescribed ( 72 % vs. 27 % ) and indicated they would take the same preparation again in the future ( 96 % vs. 74 % , P < 0.0001 for all ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The proportion of subjects achieving HbA ( 1c ) < 7.0 % after 8 weeks of treatment was 72 , 53 and 70 % in the 20/20 - , 20/30 - and 20/40-mg arms , respectively , vs. 19 % for placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the LGBTV group , the anterior and posterior vagus trunks were isolated and resected after preparing and encircling the esophagus at the diaphragmatic crus .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study assesses the efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine in the acute treatment of child and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) during a 13-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To compare the morphological ( cell density , coefficient of variation and standard deviation ) and functional ( central corneal thickness ) endothelial changes after phacoemulsification versus manual small-incision cataract surgery ( MSICS ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Fifteen healthy , young adult New Zealand white rabbits ( eight female ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Point prevalence for nonsmoking at the interviews was somewhat greater for the IG than the UG ( P > 0.15 at all times ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The incidence and severity of POST were evaluated at 1 , 6 and 24 h after tracheal extubation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This multicenter , randomized , open-label , parallel-group , non-inferiority comparison study with an oral NSAID involved a total of 200 patients with knee OA .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A parsimonious risk score was developed on the basis of regression coefficients derived from the logistic model .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study evaluated the efficacy of prednisolone in these patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Acupuncture may decrease the demand for sedative drugs during colonoscopy by reducing discomfort and anxiety of the patient and the well-known adverse effects of pharmacologic sedation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In comparison with placebo , the safety parameters were almost unchanged in the treatment groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment recommendations for fibromyalgia ( FM ) include regular physical exercise .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In the conventional arm , the numbers of deaths were 1 and 4 , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No change was observed in the serum levels of total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) - cholesterol at the end of the trial .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were randomized to receive brachial plexus anesthesia with either bupivacaine S75-R25 with epinephrine 1:200,000 ( bupi ) or ropivacaine ( ropi ) , both at 0.50 % , in 30 mL solution .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eighty-eight women developed PONV and were randomly assigned to receive a repeat dose of ondansetron 4 mg ( n = 30 ) , granisetron 1 mg ( n = 30 ) , or granisetron 0.1 mg ( n = 28 ) and then followed for 24 h.\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study was conducted from 2008 to 2012 in a therapeutic workplace in Baltimore , MD. .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Therefore , our findings represent a novel mechanism for drug interactions .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Previous studies have shown that people with Parkinson disease ( PD ) have difficulty performing the sit-to-stand task because of mobility and stability-related impairments .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: GPs of both intervention groups participated in 2 peer group meetings .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was also no statistical difference in pain symptoms between the two groups during the study period , measured at 2 weekly intervals .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No difference was found in psychological aspects between pre - and posttreatment variables in either of the groups ( p = .537 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used in the analysis of total SB 249417 concentration-time profiles .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cost-effectiveness of biocompatible compared to standard solution over the 2 years using an Australian health care funder perspective .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The absolute and maximal HIV seroconversion incidence was 9.9 % and 20.4 % greater in the riskier group randomized to standard , compared with enhanced , counseling .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Therapeutic equivalence of the 2 active treatments could be shown .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In this report , we first outline the statistical assumptions and requirements for the reliable estimation of clinically relevant individual change in cognition .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Our aim was to study the systemic and renal effects of two types of saline solution regularly used to prevent contrast media nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing coronary angiography .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Randomized clinical study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Longer follow-ups are needed to evaluate the stability of peri-implant tissues over time .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Patients whose test results were negative were discharged , and the others were hospitalized .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: If they had the choice , 66 percent of the patients in group I would choose to keep the dressing for 1 day , whereas 83 percent of the patients in group II would prefer to keep the dressing for 6 days ( p = 0.000 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sixty-two and a half percent of the lasered patients reported improvement or resolution of symptoms compared with 22.6 % in the expectant group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All patients were evaluable for adverse effects and 39 were evaluable forefficacy .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>The following are classification training examples with labels:\n\nSample: At 6 and 12 months , the PA versus SA group adjusted SPPB ( + / - standard error ) scores were 8.7 + / - 0.1 versus 8.0 + / - 0.1 , and 8.5 + / - 0.1 versus 7.9 + / - 0.2 , respectively ( p < .001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant differences were seen between the 2 groups with respect to the mean peak concentration of bupivacaine ( single injection 2314 + / - 1385 ng/mL vs multiple injections 2255 + / - 1105 ng/mL ) or time to reach the maximal concentration ( time to maximum concentration [ single injection 12.1 + / - 7.2 minutes vs multiple injections 12.5 + / - 3.9 minutes ] ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patient involvement can be fostered by web-based Interactive Health Communication Applications ( IHCAs ) combining health information with decision support , social support and/or behaviour change support .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The predictability from microdose data for the drug absorbed via transporters such as P-glycoprotein is not known .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Frovatriptan was well tolerated and most adverse events were mild or moderate and similar to those reported with the acute treatment of migraine with frovatriptan ; the most common adverse events were nausea , dizziness , and headache .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: For patients of TN group , Sishencong ( EX-HN 1 ) , Shenmen ( HT 7 ) and Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) were punctured , and for those of ECA group , Shenmai ( BL 62 ) and Zhaohai ( KI 6 ) were punctured , once daily for 40 sessions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A gradual switch from cytostatic to cytotoxic effects was observed by increasing hydroxyurea concentration to 50-100 micromol/l , predicting that lower doses of hydroxyurea would be less toxic and more potent in vivo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Serum anti-Pfs25 levels correlated with transmission blocking activity .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Change in PCSA of the vastus lateralis was associated with change in strength independent of any other measure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A longer time to surgery was significantly associated with slightly lower mortality rate after surgery ( hazard ratio = 0.90 , 95 % CI , 0.83-0 .97 ) , when taking into account resection , bilirubin , complications , pancreatic adenocarcinoma , tumor-positive lymph nodes , and microscopically residual disease .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The statistical analysis of quantitative variables was executed using the Mann-Withney U-test and the test of medians ; the analysis of genetic variables was executed using the chi test .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Blood loss until removal of chest tubes was the primary outcome measure ; we also recorded and assessed blood products transfused , and length of ICU stay .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: For patients with clinically node-negative small breast cancer not given axillary dissection , 10-year DFS is worsened by HER2 positivity , triple-negative phenotype and high Ki67 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At the end of 4 weeks , the UAS response to treatment of Group A was decreased from 35.2 % to 21.2 % , and the Group B was persisted with 33.9 % as before the treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Post-hoc analysis in patients with the most pronounced ischaemia at baseline showed a trend for a beneficial effect of fluvastatin on major clinical events ( P = 0.084 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We randomized 125 children with dust-mite related chronic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma to the BG treated group ( 67 ) or the placebo group ( 58 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Prospective cohort study of 27,798 US women aged > or = 45 years , who were free of CVD , and for whom we had information on lipids and migraine frequency .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the high-dose arm , 52 % of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events ; dose-dependent adverse events were predominantly gastrointestinal in nature .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We studied the effects of specific inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by one of these agents ( pravastatin ) on the hepatic metabolism of cholesterol in patients with gallstone disease who were scheduled to undergo cholecystectomy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: High-dose Vacc-4x generally induced stronger specific immune responses than low dose in terms of DTH areas and CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Postoperative pain , number of patients requiring rescue analgesia and total morphine consumption during 24 h after operation was recorded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The infusion rates for propofol or etomidate were guided by the BIS value , which was maintained between 40 and 45 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A volume effect was found for acute GI toxicity for relative , as well as absolute , volumes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The number of colony-forming units ( CFUs ) per patient was higher in the control than in the treatment group ( 53 % + / -11 % vs 9 % + / -3.4 % , threshold of > or = 100,000 CFU/mL fluid , P = .003 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Secondary caries was the main reason for failure ( 8 ) followed by composite fracture ( 2 ) and tooth fracture ( 2 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 28 weeks , the olanzapine-treated patients showed significantly more improvement than the ziprasidone-treated patients on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale overall scale and all subscales and on the Clinical Global Impression ratings of severity of illness and improvement .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In an AS-nave population , 18 months of ZdA treatment prevented the sustained BMD losses caused by 18 months of AS treatment ; however , the study power was insufficient to show that AS duration or ZdA influenced vertebral fracture rates .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: During phonological processing , a significant treatment-by-gender effect was demonstrated in 3 brain regions : the left inferior parietal lobule , the left inferior frontal gyrus ( Broca 's area ) , and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The only significant adverse event was transient myelosuppression with a nadir at 4-6 weeks and recovery by 8 weeks .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: s ( -1 ) and PEEPtot ( 12.7 + / -2.2 ) cm H2O were significantly different compared with those at zero PEEPe ( 23.0 + / -2.9 ) cm H2O .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A multivariate analysis was used to investigate determinants of relapse .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The quantization diagnosis threshold value of IgA nephropathy of QYDS was 12 points .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine on fentanyl-induced cough .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Two definitions performed best in the analyses .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Compared to adenosine , regadenoson had a lower combined symptom score and less chest pain , flushing , and throat , neck , or jaw pain , but more headache and gastrointestinal discomfort .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The distribution and density of LCs in the central and peripheral corneal epithelium were evaluated by in-vivo confocal laser-scanning microscopy ( CLSM ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Changes in the parameters MUCP , Qmax and others caused by the operation were not significant , and there were no statistical significant differences in the values of these parameters between the groups of patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Ambulatory volunteers , Switzerland .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the high BNP group , 58 patients were randomized to subgroup rhBNP ( n = 28 ) and subgroup dobutamine ( n = 30 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Body temperature and metabolic and hemodynamic variables were recorded at baseline and during the following 4 h. Cytokine concentrations were assessed before and 4 and 12 h after the initiation of antipyresis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: For 5 weeks , FRP ( at 25h/wk ) or AIT ( at 3h/wk ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis ; the primary analysis will compare the proportion of each of the two outcome measures ( use of appropriate restraints , and incorrect use of restraints ) at each centre between intervention and control groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary data analysis from a randomized two-by-two factorial trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cognitive inhibition is related to key insomnia symptoms : sleep initiation and sleep maintenance .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: SLNs were identified in 99.7 % of patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Intetumumab serum concentrations increased with repeated dosing and did not reach steady-state .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Clinical measurements were performed at posterior interproximal sites at baseline and every 6 months during this 2-year randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial with adjunctive , no-cost 3-4-month periodontal maintenance .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Wonderful. I'll remember these key points."]
[{"question": "Sentence: At the end of the study , the proportion of patients with diabetes achieving the recommended SeBP goal of < 130/80 mmHg was 41.1 % .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Children of mothers with high negative affectivity improved significantly only for those whose mothers were in the escitalopram group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Overall satisfaction with treatment , satisfactory relief on a weekly basis , reflux symptoms , and treatment preferences were noted .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Therefore , they are among the nutrients whose digestive and absorptive process can be impaired after surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Aspiration with primary capsulotomy gives an acceptable visual outcome in this part of India providing that there is good follow up to manage capsule opacification .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: No significant differences in the frequency of < 80 % oxygen saturation , hypotension ( < 80 mmHg ) , or bradycardia ( < 50 beats/min ) were observed between the two study groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The changes in PRS score were not statistically different between the two groups in serial evaluation ( p = 0.96 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Pazopanib caused clinically significant increases from baseline in blood pressure , an anticipated class effect , and an unexpected reduction in heart rate from baseline that correlated with pazopanib exposure .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The sum of four dichotomised HRQL variables ( baseline ERF > / = 75 = 1 and < 75 = 0 ; baseline SF > / = 80 = 1 and < 80 = 0 ; 3-month change in PF > 0 = 1 and < / = 0 = 0 ; 3-month change in V > 0 = 1 and < / = 0 = 0 ) predicted weight loss : In the group with sum 0 , the mean ( s.d. ) weight change at 12 months was 0.0 ( 2.6 ) % and with sum 4 it was -9.0 ( 8.1 ) % of baseline weight .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To investigate whether results from cued odor identification tests are influenced by the number of verbal descriptors presented with each odor and whether a larger number of descriptors would improve the differentiation between individuals with various degrees of olfactory loss .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The relationship between changes in cardiac output or mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) and MCA V ( mean ) as well as cardiac-arterial baroreflex gain were evaluated using transfer function analysis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Results suggest that Latinos experiencing depressive symptoms may benefit from a short-term CFP consultation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: We hypothesized that physiologic estrogen replacement would ameliorate anxiety and improve eating attitudes without affecting body image in anorexia nervosa .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This was a multicenter , crossover trial in 88 randomized T1D patients : 54 men and 34 women , 46.813.7 years old , with a duration of diabetes of 189 years and hemoglobin A1c level of 7.10.7 % .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Non-inferiority of ILPS versus glargine in the change of HbA1c from baseline was shown : least-square mean between-treatment difference ( 95 % CI ) was 0.1 % ( -0.11 ; 0.31 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: 62 people aged 30-50 years who have undergone an arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy within the previous 3 to 12 months will be recruited and randomly assigned to a neuromuscular exercise or control group using concealed allocation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Psychiatric symptoms were assessed through the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The predetermined noninferiority margin was 11 percentage points .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: If parents , as consumers of health care services , are to be consulted , it is important to determine whether factors other than interview skills affect their evaluations .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were evaluated for hip ROM , strength , walking velocity , Harris hip score , and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) at the week of discharge and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months after discharge .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The study was terminated early , when a prespecified interim analysis found a significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate in the spontaneous LH group as compared with the hCG group ( 31.1 % vs. 14.3 % ; difference 16.9 % , 95 % confidence interval 4.4 % -28.8 % ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: One hundred thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to contralateral daily wear ( DW ) or extended wear ( EW ) with Acuvue lenses for 1 year .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In this randomized clinical trial we investigated the efficacy of an accelerated vaccination protocol vs. classic schedule among prisoners in Iran .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Recently , a fat removal filter has been developed , based on a polyester leukocyte depletion filter .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The unexpected discordance between baseline and posttreatment PSADT in the placebo group reinforced the importance of randomized controlled trials in this setting .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients demonstrate lower intravenous morphine requirements , better pain scores , and earlier time to solid food intake .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Finally , ratings of liking the drink were similar for the alcohol and AmED conditions .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Alert adult patients with known or suspected toxic ingestions requiring activated charcoal were randomly assigned to receive 60 g of either LC or CA diluted in a cola beverage to a volume of 340 mL .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were investigated on two occasions : during normoventilation ( pH 7.42 + / - 0.1 , PCO2 41 + / - 2 torr [ 5.5 + / - 0.2 kPa ] ) and during respiratory alkalosis ( pH 7.59 + / - 0.1 , PCO2 27 + / - 2 torr [ 3.6 + / - 0.2 kPa ] ) induced by controlled hyperventilation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Donors with anemia should be provided improved and consistent educational information .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: More research is needed to determine whether this relationship is varied by ACF features ( e.g. , size , dysplasia , molecular changes ) , synchronous cancer and polyps , and is modified by colon cancer risk factors .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The response rates were 16 % , 5 % , and 5 % in patients treated with cisplatin and etoposide , echinomycin , and trimetrexate , respectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , Org 26576 ( 100-300 mg b.i.d. ) did not confirm these results .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Participants who chose to change dietary pattern without consuming significant quantities of vegetable juice achieved 75 % of the level of change observed in other intervention participants .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of an exercise and walking protocol on the quality of life of elderly people with knee OA .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: No changes in the incidence of infection or allergic manifestation during the first year of life were observed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Tolerability was assessed throughout the study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Performance before and after the training was assessed in a virtual reality laparoscopic trainer ( LapSim and was based on objective parameters , registered by the computer system ( time , error , and economy of motion scores ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Epinastine hydrochloride is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist that also inhibits IgE receptor-mediated histamine release from mast cells .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Significant differences were observed in the head , shoulder , lower trunk , hip and knee angles between the three methods .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A pragmatic stepped wedge randomised cluster trial with repeated cross section design will be conducted .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients received 1300 mL of ivIGMA ( 7.8 g IgM , 7.8 g IgA , and 49.4 g IgG ) infused intravenously within a period of 72 hrs or human albumin according to the same schedule as ivIGMA .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Postoperative BAB disturbance was assessed with the laser flare-cell meter on days 1 , 3 , 7 , 14 , and 28 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To assess that neuromuscular relaxation onset of the adductor pollicis ( AP ) is related to neuromuscular stimulation rate .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This prospective study intends to clarify whether laparoscopic assisted percutaneous puncture is superior to open surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between obesity and decreased mobility of the talocrural joint and in turn chronic venous disease .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Whole-body vibration machines are a relatively new technology being implemented in the athletic setting .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Pathological gambling is associated with elevated proportions of nicotine dependence , and tobacco smoking in pathological gamblers has been associated with increased problem-gambling severity .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Compliance was high ( 97 + / - 3 % ) , with a suggestion that it was better with the 0900 h dose .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: This randomized placebo-controlled pilot study suggests that finasteride was of benefit for some men with category IIIA CPPS , but the results do not justify recommending finasteride as monotherapy , except for men who also have benign prostatic hyperplasia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Therapy was initiated with an intravenous infusion of enalapril ( enalaprilat ) within 24 hours after the onset of chest pain , followed by administration of oral enalapril .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of amodiaquine alone or in combination with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as alternative regimens .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: To investigate the combining therapy which not only have cured effect but also can uphold and improve the NPC patient 's immunity function after radiotherapy and chemotherapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The psychometric quotient in CH infants was significantly lower than in controls , but similar in patients of group 1 and group 2 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Anxiety increased in both groups over the waiting time ( P = 0.028 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Our findings show that a FCR dietary regime is effective in improving mood states and nutritional status among ageing men .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The ERSPC offers the opportunity to study the yield of repeat biopsies after 4 years in men who had negative sextant biopsies and a prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level of 4.0 mg/mL or more at the first screening round .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The study drug was administered to 57 women during elective cesarean section after placental delivery ; blood was collected until abdominal closure .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Phase IIIb , multicenter , randomized , double-masked , sham injection-controlled trial in patients with predominantly or minimally classic or occult with no classic CNV lesions .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The OTC preparations had the highest serum lidocaine and MEGX levels .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Each patient underwent 99mTc-ECD SPECT immediately before treatment , 6 to 8 hours after treatment , and after 5 days .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study is designed to compare the efficacy of high-dose intravenous PPI to oral PPI in preventing recurrent bleeding after endoscopic hemostasis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patient characteristics , SF-12 , and Western Ontario McMaster osteoarthritis index scores were collected .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Annual incidence rates , estimated by age , rose steadily reaching a peak of 0.67 % of the Huntingdon population per year at age 65 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for 4 weeks , each 1.5 hours per day : morning light ( average start time about 6 AM ) , evening light ( average start about 9 PM ) , or morning placebo ( average start about 6 AM ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In contrast , the combination therapy with losartan and quinapril , which results in a higher degree of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system , could suppress the cardiac sympathetic activity effectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: All patients in the r-hLH 2,750 ( 13/13 ) , 5,500 ( 12 / 12 ) , 11,000 IU ( 13/13 ) , and u-hCG 5,000 IU ( 12 / 12 ) groups ovulated ; 3/5 patients in the r-hLH 825 IU and 2/12 in the r-hLH 22,000 IU group failed to ovulate ( p = 0.105 between evaluable groups ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Both the 10 - and 20-mg doses of omeprazole were significantly better than the dose of ranitidine ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.005 , respectively ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The differences between the foster care group ( 24.1 % ) and the care as usual group and between foster care group and NIG were not significant .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Within the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer ( ERSPC ) , Rotterdam , 2218 men underwent biopsy of the prostate ( from 1993 to 2000 ) with a benign result at initial screening .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: ITT analysis revealed that both groups improved mean BMI z-score [ adjusted change -0.07 , control , and -0.04 , intervention ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) of difference = -0.14 -0.20 ] .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The patients showed lower TWB and FFM and higher BF in relation to controls and after 3 months of GH treatment an increase of the TBW , FFM and a decrease in BF and waist/hip ratio was observed with a steady state in the changes of body composition after 3 months that continued 6 months after the GH treatment withdraw .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In this double-blind , multicentre , European study the efficacy of three doses of CGP 39393 , in comparison with unfractionated heparin , were examined in 1119 patients undergoing elective hip surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We further studied surrogate measures of secondary ischaemia , i.e. transcranial Doppler ( TCD ) flow velocity , symptomatic vasospasm , cerebral metabolism ( microdialysis ) and jugular venous oximetry , biochemical markers of brain damage ( S-100beta and neuron specific enolase ) and blood-brain barrier integrity .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Sixteen patients ready to replace heart valve ( s ) were randomly divided into the control and the treatment group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Seventeen patients from sibutramine group and 14 placebo had completed the study protocol .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A. bisporus alpha-glucan on ex vivo cytokine production by human peripheral mononuclear blood cells ( PBMCs ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We had previously confirmed that the subjects had secondary failure to high doses of sulfonylureas .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The compensation of static cyclotorsion in patients with moderate astigmatism produces a significant improvement in refractive and astigmatic outcomes than when not compensated .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Ambulatory outpatient facility in an independent NHS-funded chiropractic research institution .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The laryngeal view was superior through the PLMA ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Responses to treatment were greatest in patients who received ALA and IPL fluences of 40 and 50 J/cm ( 2 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Dogs had bilateral ovariectomy with one ovary randomly assigned to removal by use of Nd : YAG surgical laser with a 600 mum optical fiber in contact mode and the other ovary to removal by use of a Remorgida forceps ( featuring bipolar electrocoagulation with simultaneous sharp resection ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The treatment of 2 months made , one session in the two groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: We investigated the therapeutic benefits of BTX-A in subjects with PHN in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The primary outcome was the time to monotherapy failure , which was defined as a confirmed level of fasting plasma glucose of more than 180 mg per deciliter ( 10.0 mmol per liter ) , for rosiglitazone , as compared with metformin or glyburide .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Continuing liraglutide treatment at 1.2 mg/day and 1.8 mg/day for 78 weeks reduced HbA ( 1c ) ( baseline 8.3 and 8.4 % , respectively ) by -0.9 and -1.3 % , respectively ; FPG by -1.3 and -1.7 mmol/L , respectively ; and weight by -2.6 and -3.1 kg , respectively , with 9-10 % of participants reporting minor hypoglycemia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: IGFBP-1 predicted successful induction within 24 hours with low sensitivity and high specificity ( 0.30 , 0.85 ) , such as Bishop score ( 0.06 , 1.00 ) and cervical length ( 0.45 , 0.76 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: 118 patients ( median age 310 years ; IQR 180610 ) from 24 centres in 11 countries were randomly assigned to receive everolimus ( n = 79 ) or placebo ( n = 39 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: After injections of regular insulin in the abdomen , the peak postprandial increment in plasma glucose was 3.1 mM or 29 % lower ( P < 0.001 ) , the peak increment in serum free insulin was 54 pM or 38 % higher ( P = 0.017 ) , and the length of time required to achieve peak serum free insulin was significantly shorter than after injections of regular insulin in the thigh .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Olodaterol appears to be a promising long-acting ( 2 ) - adrenoceptor agonist , with bronchodilation maintained over 24h that offers an opportunity for once-daily dosing in patients who require maintenance bronchodilator therapy for the management of COPD symptoms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The discrepancies between the GPs ' knowledge of their patients ' medication and the actual intake may involve a potential risk .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: They were randomly assigned to two groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The reproducibility of the measurement of ad libitum energy intake ( EI ) is not well known .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The primary outcome measure was insulin sensitivity and secondary outcome measures included cardio-metabolic risk factors .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , more placebo-controlled studies are needed to establish definitively the efficacy of SRIs in this age group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: This difference between two groups has remained constant during the study period .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The intent-to-treat ( ITT ) population was 96 % white , with median age 74.5 years and median Gleason score 7 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In a prospective randomized trial , 50 women were down-regulated with leuprorelin , 0.5 mg/d subcutaneously ( group A ) and 50 with leuprorelin , 3.75 mg depot ( group B ) , prior to ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: After randomisation , C or placebo ( P ) were alternatively infused over 24 hours .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}]