["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>I'm sharing some classification data with labels for you to learn:\n\nSample: This paper redirects attention to Tmax as the absorption rate variable .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Mean terminal elimination half-life ( t1/2 ) , steady-state volume of distribution ( Vss ) , and total systemic clearance ( CL ) values of etoposide were approximately 7 hours , 7 L/m2 , and 17 mL/min/m2 after Etopophos and VePesid treatments , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A general linear model was applied , where the four domains and the clinical parameters ( nausea/vomiting , anorexia , diarrhea , fever , peripheral neuropathy and performance status ) were used as the response and explanatory variables , respectively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , those following the insertion of nasopharyngeal airways have not been studied .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Treatment with atypical antipsychotics did not substantially change the underlying PANSS 5-factor structure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In a mean follow-up period of 50.6 months , the venous ulceration of all 18 patients in the Linton group who were available for follow-up initially healed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Twenty geriatrics hospital wards .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Computerized searches of the MEDLINE database were performed , and the reference list of each retrieved article was reviewed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary end point was final MI size measured by technetium Tc-99m sestamibi scanning at 120 to 216 hours after PTCA .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We excluded from the study the other common causes of hysterectomy such as prolapse , bleeding , adenomyosis , and endometrial or cervical carcinoma .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The majority of patients with steroid dependent ileocaecal Crohn 's disease may be switched to budesonide controlled ileal release capsules 6 mg without relapse , resulting in a sharp decrease in glucocorticosteroid side effects similar to placebo , and with an increase in plasma cortisol levels .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: CWDB infection may be a virtual triggering factor in psoriasis by regulating T-cell activation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Participants were 24 healthy younger ( average age 20.6 years ) and 24 healthy older adults ( average age 72.5 years ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: would also correlate with the Maximum Step Length of its two sub-tasks : stepping `` out only '' and stepping `` back only '' .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The amount of LGE lesions was calculated and expressed as % LGE of the myocardial mass , and the average of the % LGE value reported by two observers was recorded as the final % LGE .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We examined the effects of infiltration anaesthesia by a combination of pethidine and lidocaine on post-tonsillectomy pain and restlessness in children .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Results demonstrate no disadvantage for patients irradiated with a reduced CNS dose of 12 Gy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Therapeutic interventions were not required in any patient .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ( 1 ) Scar thickness , color , and VSS score were significantly improved in pressure treatment group after two-month of pressure intervention .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This report describes a method to validate this type of data in a randomised clinical trial , by using video analysis on a sample of patient therapist interactions .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The NP sites ( n = 4 ) were randomized to an enhanced standard care program ( one NP and one nutrition session ) or a lifestyle program ( enhanced standard care and six NP sessions ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A paired analysis showed no net effect of insulin on post-prandial chylomicron metabolism when calculated as the ( apoB-48 ) incremental area under the curve ( IAUC ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , after the oral administration of 2 mg ( + ) - chlorpheniramine , the level was lower than after ebastine and nondrug treatments .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized , crossover study , 31 people with Type 2 diabetes received 900 mg/day benfotiamine or a placebo for 6 weeks ( with a washout period of 6 weeks between ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The in vitro chloroquine and piperaquine levels that inhibited growth of local P. falciparum isolates by 50 % correlated significantly ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no serious adverse events and no patient withdrawals related to treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Eight patients in C group had atrial fibrillation ( AF ) compared with two patients in P group ( P < 0.05 ) in the early of postoperative period .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ( KT was defined as rotation of a patient along the longitudinal axis of > or = 40 degrees to each side continuously . )\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In the C-Pharm group , 31.6 % experienced disease relapse , 46.3 % continued to have disease remission , and 22.1 % dropped out of the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Hydration with sodium bicarbonate before contrast exposure is more effective than hydration with sodium chloride for prophylaxis of contrast-induced renal failure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: ADMET is a 6-week randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial with two parallel treatment groups assigned in a 1:1 ratio with randomization stratified by clinical center .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Control of bleeding was achieved in 18 out of 30 patients ( 60 % ) in group I and 26 out of 30 patients ( 87 % ) in group II ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The single blind randomised clinical trial was conducted from May 2012 to February 2013 at a clinic under the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences , Iran , and comprised four-month infants who were selected randomly and divided into three groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Higher self-reported value of health , appearance , and achievement predicted higher PA and lower SLH in girls .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: MBSR , a mindfulness meditation training program consisting of eight weekly 2.5-hour classes ; health education , a peer-led active control .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The influence of eight weeks of circuit training ( CT ) was examined in 19 obese subjects ( 14.3 + / - 1.5 years ) , using a randomized , crossover protocol .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Subjects were predominantly poor , undereducated , unemployed , court involved , or diagnosed with co-occurring psychiatric disorders .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 75 adult , ASA physical status 1 and 2 undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients with COPD had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and were less likely to receive a - blocker , angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor , or aldosterone antagonist .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In anesthetized adult patients , orotracheal and nasotracheal intubations with the GSVL can result in a similar pressor response , however orotracheal intubation with GSVL causes more marked cardiovascular responses than nasotracheal intubation with the aid of GSVL .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Each mode was followed for 6 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A randomised controlled trial comparing rates of mammography , Papanicolaou tests , faecal occult blood tests and albumin creatinine ratios one-year pre - and post-intervention was conducted .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The best prediction of ovarian capacity ( Y ) was seen when E ( 2 ) increment and inhibin B increment were used simultaneously in a stepforward multiple regression prediction model [ Y = 2.659 + 0.052 x InhB incr .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Efficacy over placebo was observed early in treatment , in patients with highly refractory POS , and in those with the most debilitating seizure types ( i.e. , complex partial , partial secondarily generalized ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The benefit of ReTUR is especially true for high grade tumors .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No patients treated with low dose Premarin reached a 50 % reduction in prostate specific antigen .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To study otomycosis of pathogenic fungi , antifungal susceptibility test and clinical efficacy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Extracorporeal shock wave treatment has been experimentally shown to increase homing factors in the target tissue , resulting in enhanced retention of applied BMCs .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Patients with an unsatisfactory outcome had sustained more displaced fractures that also healed with greater displacement .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To determine for how long after a first unprovoked seizure a driver must be seizure-free before the risk of recurrence in the next 12 months falls below 20 % , enabling them to regain their driving licence .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Nineteen participating centers in the United States and Belgium prospectively registered all patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Understood. I'll keep these facts for future reference.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>Please learn from these labeled classification instances:\n\nSample: These differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF , total PA and BMI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Both groups received treatment according to usual care .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cocaine use by patients on methadone maintenance treatment is a widespread problem and is associated with a poorer prognosis .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Further research should address how health care providers can support families in making decisions about CAM use .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Institutional ethics review board approval and informed consent were obtained .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in three weekly experimental sessions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was no difference in the development of SG ( 45.1 % versus 48.8 % ; P = 0.730 ) or the severity of SG between cases and controls .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The HQL burden of RA was established by comparing SF-36 scale scores to general US population norms .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: With the use of the universal definition , the primary end point was decreased with cangrelor ( odds ratio 0.82 , 95 % confidence interval 0.68-0 .99 , P = .037 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ABC was safe and generally well-tolerated and should be considered an active component of combination antiretroviral therapy in this pediatric population .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , the rate of the LSR varies between trials , and the reason for this variation is unclear .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Although numerous uncertainties remain ( type and the number of strains to use , delay and length of administration ) , and despite an acceptable safety profile , the daily prophylactic administration of probiotics can not be encouraged in the critically ill patient .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Relative to the control , end point LDL level was 0.21 + / -0.27 mmol/l ( 6 % ) lower ( P < 0.05 ) at the end of the three times per day phase .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess the feasibility and uptake of a diabetes screening programme ; to examine the effects of invitation to diabetes screening on anxiety , self-rated health and illness perceptions .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The primary outcome was decrease in MPIS to less than 9 at the end of 4 hours .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: They also had lesions that were more proximal to the frontal pole .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Subsequently , in a double-blind fashion , they received six puffs of albuterol or placebo with new MDIs and spacers at 30 , 60 , and 90 min such that group 1 ( n = 34 ) received albuterol every 30 min , group 2 ( n = 33 ) every 60 min , and group 3 ( n = 33 ) at 120 min only .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The system includes Fibracol wound dressing ( Johnson & Johnson , Skillman , NJ ) for 2 days , followed by a hydrogel dressing for 1 to 2 days , followed by an ointment to complete the first 2 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: On per-protocol analysis , overall eradication rates were 96 % for RBCCA vs. 85 % for OCA ( p = 0.03 ) , and 95 % for RBCCM vs. 79 % for OCM ( p = 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The evaluation of the punctual means at all moments in the alternative group was done with the repeated measures analysis of variance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In all groups the different treatments had a similar effect : in both regions of the stomach , suppression or partial elimination of H. pylori was seen .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After baseline assessment , each patient was randomly allocated to 5 mg daily dose of nebivolol ( n = 37 , 20 male ) or 100 mg daily dose of metoprolol ( n = 35 , 18 male ) and treated for 6 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Primary end point was progression-free survival ( PFS ) from date of random assignment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Although operators are now routinely administering dabigatran for anticoagulation in this setting , its relative safety and effectiveness compared to warfarin are unknown .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Patients with total occlusions and vein grafts were excluded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The latter 2 groups were defined as non-LBBB groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Therefore , anesthetic status and sampling site should be considered when interpreting lactate concentrations , and the sampling site should be consistent for repeated measurements .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Assessments were made at baseline , posttreatment week 6 ( primary time point ) , week 12 , and at 12-week intervals .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Mean hemoglobin loss was lower in the HoLEP group ( 1.8 1.3 g/dL versus 2.9 1.5 g/dL ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Data were analyzed on the basis of student 's t-test and Chi2 test using SPSS 16 software .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Outcome measures included the number of patients receiving allogeneic blood , complications , and duration of stay .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To assess adherence , levels of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity were self reported and in a 11.5 % ( n = 90 ) random subsample of participants , physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This pilot study demonstrates that supplementation with a combination of chromium picolinate and biotin in poorly controlled patients with diabetes receiving antidiabetic therapy improved glucose management and several lipid measurements .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There were no significant differences in overall survival or progression-free survival ( P > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant differences were found in fasting plasma glucose and electrolytes levels in any of the groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Among risk factors developing after randomization , an abnormal results of a glucose screen ( plasma glucose > or = 140 mg/dl 1 hour after a 50 gm glucose challenge ) was not found to be associated with a significant risk of preeclampsia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No other significant effects of dietary nitrate were found on oesophageal motor variables , on the sphincter resting tone or on the number or duration of transient sphincter relaxations .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sulindac significantly decreased the mean pulsatility index in fetal ductus arteriosus only 24 hours after the beginning of medication .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mesial root canals of 50 extracted mandibular molars were prepared using ProTaper rotary files ( Dentsply Maillefer , Ballaigues , Switzerland ) and 3 % NaOCl .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The new 0.074 % diclofenac mouthwash is an effective and tolerable medicinal product for post-surgical symptomatic relief .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: These findings confirmed the presence of a source of variance that has not been considered previously in suggestion studies .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>Please observe these classification examples and their associated labels:\n\nSample: Lack of a U.K. school-leaving examination pass ( General Certificate School Examination ) was associated with lower knowledge of epilepsy ( p = 0.03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The reporting bias assessed by the pipeline procedure alone appears to have masked treatment outcome effects .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A total of 575 online panel members ( aged 15 to 20 years ) who were screened as binge drinkers were randomly assigned to ( 1 ) a Web-based brief alcohol intervention without normative feedback , ( 2 ) a Web-based brief alcohol intervention with normative feedback , or ( 3 ) a control group ( no intervention ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To assess the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy delivered in primary care for treating irritable bowel syndrome .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Associations between PSS and week 4 reductions in plasma HIV-1 RNA load or virologic response were assessed using linear regression and Jonckherre 's test and the Wilcoxon and Cochran-Armitage tests , respectively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ( )\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: DV and DE doublets are active with a tolerable toxicity profile in patients with HRPC ; however , efficacy does not seem superior to standard single-agent docetaxel .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine ( ALC ) , at different doses , in relapse prevention and craving in anhedonic detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin III ( TAT ) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline , 1 hour before , and 1 hour , 24 hours , and 30 days after intervention in 103 patients who underwent endovascular intervention .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: 60 patients were randomly separated into three groups , lidocaine group ( group L ) , lidocaine + lornoxicam group ( group LL ) , and lidocaine + lornoxicam + transdermal nitroglycerine group ( group LL-N ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Data using a twofold and a fourfold rise in antibody titers as criteria to define response were evaluated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The other parameters did n't show relevant differences .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Regimens containing rifabutin or rifapentine .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Propofol was better than fentanyl due to a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Thus , the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of phosphoric and hydrochloric acid gels on the surface layer reduction of natural lesions of primary teeth .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite , 6-keto-prostaglandin F ( 1 ) , endothelin-1 , asymmetrical dimethylarginine , tumor necrosis factor - , monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 , soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , and 8-isoprostane were measured .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study investigates the naturalistic course of panic disorder over four years and attempts to identify predictors for outcome .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Isoflurane was administered in the pre-cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) period to the isoflurane group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study was designed to test claims of selective effects of stress on appetite for specific sensory and nutritional categories of food and interactions with eating attitudes .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: VAS showed significantly elevated fatigue , drowsiness , dizziness , and `` feeling high '' after cannabis as compared to baseline and diazepam .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , venous tone remained stable while heart rate decreased .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All treatments were well tolerated throughout the study , with similar proportions of patients withdrawing due to adverse events .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was also a significant reduction in the prescribing of antimalarials to RDT-negatives but no effect on RDT-positives receiving an ACT .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Neither sleep architecture nor arterial oxygen saturation differed between control and experimental nights .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All participants were photographed , but only half received their photographs .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The common infecting organism was Escherichia coli .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Postoperative agitation and re-crying were also more frequent in placebo receivers .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with chronic , below-level , neuropathic pain due to SCI were randomized to receive 150 to 600 mg/d pregabalin ( n = 108 ) or matching placebo ( n = 112 ) for 17 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To evaluate phenotypic drug susceptibility and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor hypersusceptibility as predictors of the time to virological failure .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Left ventricular function , as measured by ejection fraction , was well preserved in both groups ( 52 % vs. 50.5 % , respectively , p = 0.29 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Fructose consumption is increasing , and its malabsorption causes common gastrointestinal symptoms .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The whey drink was accompanied by an 80 % greater GIP response ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas the drinks containing free amino acids did not significantly affect GIP secretion .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: When BMD changes at upper neck , lower neck and trochanter were compared using RM-MANOVA , a significant exercise effect was observed ( p = 0.048 ) , but this did not differ significantly between sites ( p = 0.439 ) despite greatest mean increases at the upper femoral neck .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The intracapsular group had a significantly faster resolution of pain ( P = .01 ) , had an earlier return to a normal diet ( P = .004 ) , ceased taking pain medication sooner ( P = .002 ) , and returned to normal activity sooner ( P = .04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All laparoscopic tubal sterilizations were performed by senior gynecologists .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Ten of the 11 patients preferred PSM to physician management and elected to continue with this strategy after study completion ( P = .001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>Here are training examples for classification. Note the labels carefully:\n\nSample: The test is randomized ; Oxygen saturation ( SPO2 ) was measured at 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 30 , 60 , 120 minutes by pulse oximeter ; ( 3 ) Evaluation of the oxygen saving benefit ratio : SPO2 was measured at 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 , 2.0 , 2.5 , 3.0 L/min using CNC , the standard nasal cannula ( SCN ) and the new CNC .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Allopurinol is a scavenger of oxygen-derived free radicals , which it is suggested play a role in the development of UC and pouchitis .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This reflects a reduction in total leucine intake from 80 + / - 11 to 62 + / - 10 micromol/kg per hour .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To study the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture ( EA ) as perioperative adjunctive therapy added to a systemic analgesic strategy ( including tramadol and ketamine ) for postoperative pain , opioid-related side effects and patient satisfaction .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Major bleeding occurred in 13 patients in the dabigatran group ( 0.9 % ) and 25 patients in the warfarin group ( 1.8 % ) ( hazard ratio , 0.52 ; 95 % CI , 0.27 to 1.02 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Four patients were discontinued due to side effects .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A numerical rating scale ( NRS ) was used for each patient to assess anxiety and sedation before , and 10 , 30 , 60 , and 90 min after premedication .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: CIMT rate of progression ranged from -0.0001 to 0.0113 mm/year .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In group 1 , 51 eyes of 40 patients underwent standard 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with air .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ( 1 ) 70 % , 95 % and 90 % of patients manifested amnesia in propofol , midazolam and the combination group , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare the effects of a bolus of milrinone , 50 microg/kg , versus placebo on flow in coronary artery bypass grafts after cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: An effective vaccine against cholera has been used for public health purposes in Vietnam since the 1990s .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Administration of additional oxygen throughout anaesthesia might reduce the incidence of low arterial haemoglobin saturation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In a randomized double-blind crossover study , 13 cystic-fibrosis patients ( 6 male , 7 female , mean age 27.7 years ) received either four capsules of Pancrease t.d.s. or one capsule of Pancrease-HL t.d.s. Patients took 20 mg omeprazole daily to raise intra-duodenal pH and thus optimize release of enzymes from the enteric coated microspheres .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Group I ( Gr I ) ( n = 34 ) was treated with selenomethionine ( Seme ) 200 microg , plus L-thyroxine ( LT ( 4 ) ) to maintain TSH levels between 0.3-2 .0 mU/l , whereas group II ( Gr II ) ( n = 31 ) received LT ( 4 ) plus placebo over a period of 6 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The final number of spontaneous bowel movements , fecal soiling episodes , laxatives used , or percent patients with encopresis was not different when patients receiving cisapride were compared with those receiving placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The data collection was realized during analyse of case in MMC , with note-taking by two pair PHS .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Furthermore , in this study the effect of hormone replacement therapy on hemostasis did not deviate between a cyclic estrogen/sequential progestogen regimen and a continuous estrogen/sequential progestogen regimen .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Both groups reduced absolute intakes of total daily energy , carbohydrates , fat , protein , saturated fat , total sugar , added sugar , and other carbohydrates .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ( Smart Stent ) nitinol stenting of the superficial femoral artery was associated with favorable functional outcomes at 9 months .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: They were randomly divided into three groups corresponding to the three planes of silicone insertion .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Semistructured interviews were carried out with patients who had used the website with one session of nurse support ( n = 16 ) or the website alone ( n = 15 ) while participating in the MIBS trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum FSH concentrations were measured by an immunoradiometric assay ( IRMA ) and by an in vitro rat granulosa cell aromatase bioassay .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The responders had frequent short reflux episodes ( < 1 min in duration ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Plasma lipid levels were unaffected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sixteen dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both formulations seemed to be safe and well tolerated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: AH samples were assayed by an independent bioanalytical laboratory using a sensitive and validated tandem LC-MS/MS method .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post system and length on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human anterior teeth .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Predictors were selected based on a backward elimination scheme .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To assess the incidence of retained products of conception ( RPOC ) in relation to transvaginal ultrasound performed after first-trimester uterine evacuation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: VO ( 2 ) and HR during the stair-climbing test were also reduced , as was blood lactate ( all P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Six-month DAPT did not increase the risk of target vessel failure at 12 months after implantation of drug-eluting stents compared with 12-month DAPT .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Prospective randomized controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The LC diet resulted in both favorable and unfavorable outcomes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind circadian protocol .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At time of device implantation , 26 patients with either ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy underwent DFT testing in both the RVA and RVOT using a binary search algorithm .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The frequency/types of adverse events were similar to those reported through week 24 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Median relative reduction in seizure frequency was 16 % ( placebo ) , 26 % ( 400 mg ) , 36 % ( 800 mg ) , and 45 % ( 1,200 mg ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess whether students taught by trained patients ( Patient Partners ) acquire the same levels of competence in musculoskeletal examination skills for arthritis as students taught by Consultant Rheumatologists .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Wound site complications , wound healing times , perianal itching , incontinence , and recurrence rates were evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: S.P.F. demonstrated significant effects on parents ' sun-avoidance strategies at 12 months ( P < .05 ) and sunscreen use at 24 months ( P < .05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Baseline characteristics are stated in a multicentre , prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial entitled ` regression growth evaluation statin study ' ( REGRESS ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Increased circulating levels of unbound testosterone and suppression of SHBG provide a plausible hormonal explanation for the significantly improved sexual functioning in women receiving the combination of esterified estrogen and methyltestosterone .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Identifier : ISRCTN51372896 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , it is unknown whether this effect is paralleled by an improved sleep-dependent consolidation of memory .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Results apply to situations in which HMD wearers are mobile when receiving multimodal information , as in health care and military contexts .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At T0 , a significant increase in plasma C5b-9 levels was found in CA patients compared to CL-E-treated patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Acute ulcers were significantly less frequent in patients receiving omeprazole or ranitidine than in those receiving placebo ( P = .0001 and P = .0315 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The second impression was taken 1month later , and the degree and percentage of relapse were calculated in photographs taken from the dental models .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Visual analogue scales were used to determine subjective appetite sensations .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A neighborhood-based physical activity intervention .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Estimated MCID values for grip strength , composite upper-extremity strength , Action Research Arm Test ( ARAT ) , Wolf Motor Function Test ( WMFT ) , Motor Activity Log ( MAL ) , and duration of upper-extremity use as measured with accelerometry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We are only the second group to identify possible laser-induced CNV despite other similar studies in progress .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Thanks for letting me know. I'll keep track of this.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>Here are some classification examples to learn from. Please pay attention to the labels:\n\nSample: The 2 techniques used in this experience are safe and effective ; however , the 45-mm liner-stapler is preferable because it has a lower stricture rate .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Postoperative aggravated contralateral extremities weakness or hemiplegia due to pyramidal tract injury occurring in 75.0 % cases of control group whereas only 20.0 % patients in trial group ( P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Materials and funding for this study were provided by Teoxane , Geneva , Switzerland .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Between 1998 and 2004 , 844 patients ( median age , 48 years ; range , 16 to 62 years ) with AML were enrolled onto protocol AMLHD98A that included a risk-adapted treatment strategy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients were randomly assigned to either a control condition ( n = 42 ) or a telephone counseling condition ( n = 48 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The relevance between the changes of the hippocampal volume and its metabolites , including N-acetyl aspartate ( NAA ) / creatine ( Cr ) and choline containing compounds ( Cho ) / Cr , and the reduction rate of the HAMD score before and after treatment of the two groups were analyzed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When the two misoprostol groups were combined , a shorter interval from insertion to vaginal delivery was observed in the nulliparous women receiving misoprostol than those receiving continuous dinoprostone ( 21.3 vs. 27.2 h , p = 0.019 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The 28-day mortality rate was 37.3 % in the placebo group and 39.3 % in the ivIgG group and thus not significantly different ( p = .6695 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In group b ) 19 of 30 ( = 63.3 % ) femoral components showed no malrotation at all , in group a ) only 5 of 27 ( = 18.5 % ) components were implanted completely correctly .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Acupuncture combined with ear point tapping and pressing therapy has a similar therapeutic effect to western medicine for slimming , but the former is better than the later in improving serum insulin level .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Favorable clinical results for both hard and soft tissue measurements were obtained for both groups when compared to baseline ( p < 0.001 ) , but there was no statistically significant difference for any of the measured clinical parameters between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary aim was to estimate the difference in pain score , considered as a categorical value , between the active arm of the trial and the control group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Forty HIV-infected patients taking a stavudine and/or didanosine-based HAART regimen were prospectively randomized to receive micronutrients or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study analyzes the use of a standard nomogram that can help reduce the level of anticoagulation preoperatively to effectively manage perioperative heparin therapy in chronically anticoagulated oral surgery patients who are at high risk for thromboembolism .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: No pattern of disease was detected , making an association with IL-2 therapy unlikely .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Bacteria were isolated from 74.8 % of lesional and 34.5 % of nonlesional skin samples from patients with AD , of which S. aureus accounted for 79.8 % and 80.5 % , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Fifty-five ( 55 ) patients with renal cell cancer were randomly divided into a Haishengsu group ( n = 27 , 2.4 mg , intravenously for 15 days ) and a control group ( n = 28 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All participants were examined by neuropsychological testing based on 6 years of observation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Furthermore , it was not strictly associated with the risk of loco-regional recurrence , which was most pronounced in patients with 4 + positive nodes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: For a period of 2 years , GIFT was compared with conventional infertility treatment in couples with endometriosis , anovulation , idiopathic infertility , cervical mucus factor , female immunologic factor , or multifactorial causes of infertility in a randomized clinical trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eighty-nine patients were randomized to receive intravenous N-acetylcysteine ( 100 mg/kg bolus ; 20 mg.kg.hr infusion until 4 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass ) , and 88 were randomized to receive placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 73 pediatric patients received either placebo , 20 micrograms.kg-1 or 40 micrograms.kg-1 granisetron po 20 min before induction of anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A significant increase in ICD and ACD was seen at 4 and 6 months of treatment , respectively , and the improvement was sustained at 1 year .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children ( IPTc ) involves the administration of a full course of an anti-malarial treatment to children under 5 years old at specified time points regardless of whether or not they are known to be infected , in areas where malaria transmission is seasonal .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: No serious side effects were reported .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The control group of 25 subjects ( randomized ) with AIM of comparable parameters ( age , sex , location and course of IM ) were not given CP .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The facilitated tucking position is considered as a non-pharmacological method of pain control in infants ; however , its impact on frequent and repeated procedural pain such as endotracheal suctioning remains to be studied .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The follicular growth uniformity was superior in group C patients who also achieved a higher number of eggs at retrieval , better fertilization and embryo development rates .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomised trial comparing a brief ( 1 session , n = 13 ) and extended ( 2-3 sessions , n = 14 ) sleep program in children with ADHD ( aged 5-14 years ) and at least one behavioral sleep disorder ( American Academy of Sleep Medicine Criteria ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 10 weeks of resistance ( RT ) , functional ( FT ) , or functional plus resistance ( FRT ) training in older adults who modify tasks of everyday life and are at risk for subsequent disability .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Traumatic flail chest injury is a potentially life threatening condition traditionally treated with invasive mechanical ventilation to splint the chest wall .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: About 10 % of the sample continued to have post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Our findings indicate that CPAP during the first month of TB treatment accelerates the absorption of pleural effusion , however , additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the impact of CPAP on pleural sequelae after the end of anti-TB treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This was a double-blind , placebo-controlled , matched-pair , cluster , randomized study in semi-urban middle-income residential schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 y. Anthropometrics ( height and weight ) , clinical symptoms of deficiency , and morbidity data were collected at baseline in the supplemented group ( n = 446 in 10 grades ) and the placebo group ( n = 423 in 10 grades ) and after 14 mo of supplementation ( n = 355 in the supplement group and n = 340 in the placebo group from nine pairs ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A trend toward higher clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates was noted after day 4 embryo transfers .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The volunteers which tasted PEG 3350 liked it more , when they tasted it first rather than when they tasted it after PEG 4000 ( p < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The rate of adverse effects was significantly higher in the mouth rinse group than in the intralesional injection group ( 44.4 % vs 5.0 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: High efficacy of intrathecal methylprednisolone acetate ( MPA ) with lidocaine has been reported in a large patient group suffering from intractable postherpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The mean marginal bone loss assessed at 12 months was 0.31 mm ( test 1 ) , 0.25 mm ( test 2 ) and 0.38 mm ( control ) ( no statistically significant differences were found between the three treatment groups . )\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Dexamethasone significantly reduced fatality , progression of SIRS and CSF inflammatory indices .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>These are labeled examples for classification tasks:\n\nSample: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of once-daily insulin initiation using insulin detemir ( detemir ) or insulin glargine ( glargine ) added to existing metformin in type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: - Cell function can be preserved for at least 3.5 years with early and intensive therapy for type 2 diabetes with either insulin plus metformin or triple oral therapy after an initial 3-month insulin-based treatment period .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The full BDI-II also seems to retain its properties when transferred ; however , the item measuring suicidality in the Internet version needs further investigation since it was associated with a lower score in this study .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The SVM2 model showed highly predictive specificity ( sensitivity , specificity were 84.0 % and 94.5 % , respectively ) by grouping the expression level of 12 molecular biomarkers and 3 EBV-related serological biomarkers .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This protocol describes the implementation of a trial using an online resource to assist cancer survivors to become more physically active .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Group I ( control ) ; Group II ( distraction ) : photographed without a flash of light ; and Group III ( flash ) : photographed with a flash of light just before venous cannulation of a vein on the dorsum of the nondominant hand .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This association persisted after controlling for pre-eclampsia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The rates of major coronary event , any CHD event , and any revascularization procedure were evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients in the X-Lite and Direct groups showed more hemodynamic variations than those in the Airtraq group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Compared to baseline , patients in the ICO group had better metabolic control than those in the GLU group : glucose absorption was more reduced ( -17 + / - 44 vs -64 + / - 35 g/day ) as were insulin needs ( 3.6 + / - 3.4 vs - 9.1 + / - 4.7 U/day , p < 0.01 ) , fasting serum glucose ( 8.3 + / - 36.5 vs -37 + / - 25.8 mg/dL , p < 0.01 ) , triglycerides ( 54.5 + / - 31.9 vs -54.7 + / - 39.9 mg/dL , p < 0.01 ) , and glycated hemoglobin ( 0.79 % + / - 0.79 % vs -0.98 % + / - 0.51 % , p < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Living ability was significantly improved after treatment in the Chinese medicine and acupuncture plus rehabilitation group ( P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 108 infected patients underwent upper endoscopy with antral biopsies and histological grading of Helicobacter pylori density .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Herein we describe the temporal changes in measures of - cell function and insulin sensitivity over a 4-year period among the three treatments .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A significant protective effect of moderate drinking was found among men , but not women .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The difference between maximal HR and baseline HR was significantly higher in Group DL ( 25 + / - 13 bpm ) than in Group SL ( 16 + / - 10 bpm ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Samples from 2084 patients treated with chloroquine ( CQ ) plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ( SP ) and amodiaquine ( AQ ) plus SP were tested for the presence of known molecular markers of resistance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Intervention and control were similarly effective for infertile women : the rate of maintained cessation rose significantly from 4 % to 24 % over twelve months , with a mean delta `` stage-of-change '' 0.28 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Thirty-eight patients with parkinsonian resting tremor and postural tremor were included in this study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: If parturients requested additional analgesia in the CEI group , we added 8 ml of epidural 0.2 % ropivacaine without fentanyl .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Thirty-three adult women ( age range = 18-49 y ) were studied .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Complete and partial clearance rates for imiquimod-treated patients ( 48.3 % and 64.0 % , respectively ) were clinically and statistically significantly higher than for vehicle-treated patients ( 7.2 % and 13.6 % , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The daily amount was 4.7 g/4 .6 g for xylitol/maltitol and 4.5 g/4 .2 g for erythritol/maltitol .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At week 4 after each treatment , the response rate of subjects who had at least a 50 % reduction from baseline in axillary sweating , as measured by gravimetric assessment , was evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Of the 77 randomly assigned patients , 76 patients ( 38 per arm ) received one of the study treatments .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Addition of propranolol and ISMN to EVL does not reduce the incidence of variceal rebleeding but increases severe adverse effects .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups , apart from younger patients in the PES group ( mean age 63.5 years vs. 71.7 years in the BMS group ; p = 0.032 ) and shorter lesion length in the PES group ( 9.56 mm vs. 14.25 mm in the BMS group ; p = 0.02 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Improvements were most dramatic in the temporal and parietal regions of the brain .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 110 infants were recruited into the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 12 months , angina had improved by at least two CCS classes in 72 percent of the patients assigned to transmyocardial revascularization , as compared with 13 percent of the patients assigned to medical treatment who continued medical treatment ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>These labeled training examples are for classification:\n\nSample: Echocardiography demonstrated that CO and LVEF significantly increased after 4 weeks in the Waon therapy group , but did not change in the control group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: PDQ-39 mobility scores were 14 points ( 95 % CI 00-29 , p = 005 ) better in patients allocated MAOBI than in those allocated dopamine agonists .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Atorvastatin , another CYP3A4 substrate , competitively inhibits this activation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Intubation of the trachea in the pre-hospital setting may be lifesaving in severely ill and injured patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: 708 patients with established psychotic illness allocated at random to intervention ( 353 ) or control ( 355 ) group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twenty patients were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Although rofecoxib has very high selectivity for cyclo-oxygenase 2 ( COX-2 ) , supratherapeutic rofecoxib concentrations ( > 1000 mg ) inhibit purified human COX-1 in vitro and TXB2 formation in vivo .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Seventy-two patients undergoing OLV for thoracic surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Greater perceived susceptibility was associated with poorer blood pressure management adherence scores .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The quality of evidence has a strong effect on shaping clinical practice and needs to be continually assessed .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To evaluate the desensitizing capabilities of a new toothpaste containing 5.5 % potassium citrate ( Colgate Sensitive Multi Protection Toothpaste ) to another toothpaste containing 3.75 % potassium chloride ( Sensodyne Total Care F Toothpaste ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Secondary and exploratory endpoints did not differ between treatment arms .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: TPM 100 mg/d has been shown to be effective in the prevention of migraine headache in adults .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We identified women 65 to 75 years of age in whom osteoporosis had been diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in our hospital between 1996 and 2000 and who were not engaged in regular weekly programs of moderate or hard exercise .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study analyzed data from the intervention arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive dementia care management intervention .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary end point was the change from baseline to 3 months in the severity of symptoms , according to the movement subscore on the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale ( range , 0 to 120 , with higher scores indicating greater impairment ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Immunogenicity was assessed by comparing serum IgG geometric mean concentrations at 5 , 12 , 13 , and 24 months , analysed per protocol .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To compare the effect of two modes of delivering a falls prevention service in reducing the rate of falls and improving quality of life , activity levels , and physical status among older adults with a history of recent falls .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: To assess the efficacy and safety of combined orbital irradiation and systemic steroids in the management of moderate-to-severe Graves ' ophthalmopathy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: 30 mg , 45 mg , and 60 mg of lefradafiban three times daily or placebo was given for 48 hours .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Maximum COMT inhibition by opicapone was dose dependent , ranged from 36.1 % ( 10 mg ) to 100 % ( 200 mg and above ) , and reached statistical significance at all doses tested .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The radiological position of the successful site in relation to anatomical landmarks was slightly different ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Only 1 implant ( test group ) showed bone growth over the implant neck at the re-entry procedure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant differences were found between the groups for the coordination items in Fugl-Meyer Assessment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All patients received prophylactic antibiotics .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The LSM was developed from a training data set of 15 subjects using one blood sample taken at 48 h following a single dose .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cyclosporine was administered for six months postoperatively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: These proportions did not differ significantly ( p = 0.83 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Of the subjects , 69/75 suffered from atopic dermatitis .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A digital video disk-based programme encompassing six exercise types each with six levels of difficulty .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To investigate the validity of recommendations in treatment guidelines to use higher than approved doses of oseltamivir in patients with severe influenza .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: XP-828L , a protein extract obtained from sweet whey , has demonstrated potential benefit for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis in an open-label study .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Differential white cell count was measured , and flow cytometry to determine cell count numbers and quantify CD45 and CD11b leukocyte cell surface adhesion molecule expression was performed on the blood and BAL samples .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: These transformations resulted in predictable , cyclic bleeding in 94.5 % of the CA patients , compared to only 62.3 % of the P patients ( P = 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The type of procedure performed was determined by a clinical decision and not randomized .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Hospital outpatient clinics and general practices in north east Scotland .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: On univariate analysis , the presenting weight ( p = 0.0083 ) , gender ( p = 0.0038 ) , race ( p = 0.0105 ) , the presenting dysphagia score ( p = 0.0083 ) , the treatment center ( p = 0.0029 ) , and tumor grade ( p = 0.0029 ) had an impact on the dysphagia-free survival , and gender ( p = 0.0011 ) and performance score ( p = 0.0060 ) had an impact on dysphagia-free survival on multivariate analysis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All participants were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the 6-MWT , before and after the training period .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Morphine potency parameter and blood-effect site equilibration half-life did not differ significantly among the three measured effect parameters ( P > 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Sure I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>I have some labeled classification examples for you to study:\n\nSample: Body weight changed -0.52 3.62 kg ( P = 0.31 ) in DSE and -7.24 5.40 kg ( P < 0.0001 ) in ILI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Monospecies biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis were grown on the specimens for 7 days in a chemostat-based biofilm fermentor mimicking pathogenic oral conditions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A total of 30 men remained at the end of the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare the effect of sacroiliac joint ( SIJ ) manipulation with SIJ and lumbar manipulation for the treatment of SIJ syndrome .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Time to thrombolysis , subgrouped by intervals ( < 2 , 2-4 , > or = 4-6 , and > or = 6 hours ) , was significantly associated with infarct size ( median 15.0 % , 18.5 % , 22.0 % , 18.5 % of left ventricle ; p = 0.033 ) , mean ( SD ) ejection fraction ( 51.5 ( 12.0 ) % , 48.3 ( 13.9 ) % , 48.2 ( 13.3 ) % , 48.2 ( 15.0 ) % ; p = 0.006 ) , 35 day mortality ( 5.7 % , 7.1 % , 7.9 % , 12.5 % ; p = 0.0004 ) , six month mortality ( 7.3 % , 8.6 % , 10.4 % , 15.5 % ; p < 0.0001 ) , and 35 day reinfarction rate ( 6.1 % , 3.2 % , 4.0 % , 0.9 % ; p = 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study demonstrates that PO , as the predominant fat , is associated with significantly lower absorption of calcium from infant formulas in which calcium salts are the source of calcium .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In this paper , we evaluate the results of treating 86 diaphyseal tibial fractures ( type 42 according to the AO classification ) with Expert Tibial UIMN ( Synthes , West Chester , PA , USA ) and distal blocking with either two or three bolts .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The two significant mediators jointly explained 62.5 % of the intervention 's total effect on functional disability .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The numbers of patients who had any increase in BP were 12/213 ( 5.6 % ) with OLM/AZL 10/8 mg , 13/211 ( 6.2 % ) with OLM/AZL 20/16 mg , 35/206 ( 17.0 % ) with OLM , and 36/209 ( 17.2 % ) with AZL .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: From July 2006 to October 2009 , 154 patients underwent total hip replacement surgery were randomly divided into sham group ( group A , 50 cases ) , indomethacin group ( group B , 55 cases ) and Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture group ( group C , 49 cases ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Analysis of the safety and efficacy outcomes was done with multiple logistic regression .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Baseline characteristics appeared to be comparable between the 2 groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Hemoglobin concentration presented significant increase up to M3 in EG ( 11.7-12 .5 -12.6 g/dL ) and in CG ( 11.1-12 .4 -12.3 g/dL ) with higher elevations in children initially with anemia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Iron-deficient erythropoiesis results in excess formation of zinc protoporphyrin ( ZPP ) , which can be measured instantly and at low assay cost using portable haematofluorometers .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: For the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes , additional administration of CDDP to the conventional treatment could exert beneficial effects on blood glucose controling , and lipid profile improvement and delay of arterial intima-media proliferation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To assess the efficacy and safety of a repeat course of treatment with transdermal nicotine for cessation of smoking in a brief intervention setting .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The correct-answer rate of the Stroop color word test decreased 5 and 10 minutes after midazolam administration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were eight Australia Post networks randomly allocated to experimental and control conditions , comprising 67 worksites and 1206 employees .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: With the assistance of a trainer , patients in the FE group pedaled at a rate 30 % greater than their preferred voluntary rate , whereas patients in the VE group pedaled at their preferred rate .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Each time period was tested repeatedly against the baseline ; an overall P value was assigned for each reported symptom .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Among infants with detectable urinary cotinine , levels were significantly reduced in the ES group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods such as cocoa and tea may reduce cardiovascular disease risk .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Participants were randomly assigned to the IMPACT intervention ( n = 279 ) or to usual primary care ( n = 272 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The experimental group trained on the NeuroCom Balance Master for 15 minutes of each 50-minute treatment session .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Main outcome measures included visual acuity and rates of retinal reattachment , reoperation , retained PFO , corneal edema , elevated intraocular pressure ( [ IOP ] > 25 mm Hg ) , hypotony ( IOP < 5 mm Hg ) , and cataract .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The bolus was repeated if Scvo2 increased by 1 percentage point or more .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Clinicians were more confident making medical decisions following VCs compared with telephone consultations ( p = 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A Phase III double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was performed between April 1st , 2008 , and December 31st , 2010 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin , airway responsiveness to histamine , and sputum eosinophils analysed with hypertonic saline inhalation were investigated before and 24 hours after saline or HDM allergen bronchoprovocation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Measures included anthropometrics ( weight and height ) , physical activity ( pedometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire ) , questionnaires ( risk perception ) , and GDM screening .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In patients receiving ibuprofen , pain interfered less with daily activities ( at 1 and 6 h ) than in those receiving acetaminophen ( P < or = 0.015 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The current findings showed the boundary conditions for CBM-I .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This trial is registered , number ISRCTN16202527 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To develop and test an inexpensive visual tool to help patients with diabetes improve glycemic control .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>I've processed this information and will remember it.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>I'm sharing some classification data with labels for you to learn:\n\nSample: Lipid and apolipoprotein ( Apo ) values and the proportion of patients meeting individual and combined treatment targets with combination therapy were determined at scheduled visits during the 52-week study and compared with baseline ( start of extension study ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At baseline there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age , grade level , or their scores on a knowledge test of basic health concepts .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The active motor threshold was significantly lower for the H-coil compared to the other 2 coils .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Statistical analysis using SPSS calculated descriptive frequencies and t-tests .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The cough-relief valve of the new device functions properly , as does the valve position adjustment for physical exertion .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All women were given moistened intravaginal study drugs ( placebo , 40 mg of isosorbide mononitrate , or 400 microg of misoprostol ) 4-6 hours before suction evacuation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Previous studies have indicated that patients with panic disorder are more likely than normal subjects to have acute panic attacks during inhalation of CO2 , but methodological objections have been raised .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: We conclude that clarithromycin treatment has little or no effect on the severity of cold symptoms or the intensity of neutrophilic nasal inflammation in experimental rhinovirus-16 colds .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Nicotine was not significantly different .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Following chemotherapy , the experimental ( kefir ) group had more treatment-related gastrointestinal complaints but a decrease in sleep disturbance .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Observers rated the overall asymmetry and attractiveness , and the asymmetry of facial subunits using a survey with a rating scale of 1 to 10 for each category .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All subjects received a single dose of 500 mg or 1500 mg levetiracetam tablet ( s ) on the dosing day , and the wash-out period was 7 days .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Two-way analysis of variance indicated differences in the mean daily selection of low - , moderate - , and high-fat entrees .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In order to investigate the effects of hyperthermia conditions on human cognitive performance , functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) was employed to investigate human brain activation during visual short-term memory ( VSTM ) tasks under modulated hyperthermia conditions .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The rest of their intake did not vary throughout the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: AS-SMP three days or AS-SMP 24 hours are safe , are as efficacious as AL , and are well tolerated .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The mACR20 ( 3 of 4 ) and full joint counts with data on patients with ERA showed a marked difference between the MTX and 10 mg ETN groups ( 63 % v 49 % ) , which was not observed with the ACR20 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At visits to the clinic ( weekly for 4 weeks , then biweekly for 4 weeks ) , a record was made of alcohol use ( Time-Line Follow-Back ) , alcohol craving using a Korean version of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale and a visual analogue scale , and adverse events .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary outcomes are : change in oxygenation index and sequential organ failure assessment score up to day 28 , number of non pulmonary organ failure free days to day 28 , critical care unit mortality ; hospital mortality ; 28 day post randomization mortality and 12 month post randomization mortality ; health related quality of life at discharge , 3 , 6 and 12 months post randomization ; length of critical care unit and hospital stay ; health service use up to 12 months post-randomization ; and safety .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Readers 1 , 2 , and 3 reported significantly superior diagnostic performance ( sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy ) for breast cancer detection with gadobenate dimeglumine ( 91.1 % , 94.5 % , 95.2 % vs 81.2 % , 82.6 % , 84.6 % ; 99.0 % , 98.2 % , 96.9 % vs 97.8 % , 96.9 % , 93.8 % ; 98.2 % , 97.8 % , 96.7 % vs 96.1 % , 95.4 % , 92.8 % , respectively ; P .0094 ) and significantly superior PPV ( 91.1 % , 85.2 % , 77.2 % vs 80.7 % , 75.5 % , 60.9 % , respectively ; P .0002 ) and NPV ( 99.0 % , 99.4 % , 99.4 % vs 97.8 % , 98.0 % , 98.1 % , respectively ; P .0003 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The changes in the cardiac angiotensin system signaling pathways in the human heart in response to ACE inhibitors versus ARBs have been incompletely studied .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Younger age , female gender , shorter disease duration , and prior bowel resection predicted a higher likelihood of unemployment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: As expected the incidence of phlebitis was higher in the VC arm , while thrombocytopenia , flu-like syndrome and asthenia were more frequent in the GC arm .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , serious adverse events were more frequent with TVT , yet TOT has more unique adverse events .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: It is one of the more effective needling method for analgesia .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Treatment consisted of 2,000 TMS pulses on each auditory cortex , at a rate of 1 Hz and an intensity of 110 % of the individual motor threshold , on 5 consecutive days .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After the treatment , the Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) , the security , the analgesic effect and beta-endorphin content were compared .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>I've processed this information and will remember it.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>I'm sharing some classification data with labels for you to learn:\n\nSample: Consistent with previous studies , CBT outperformed sleep hygiene across several study outcome measures for the sample as a whole .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Clinical measurements ( probing depth [ PD ] , clinical attachment level [ CAL ] , recession , mobility , plaque index [ PI ] , and bleeding on probing [ BOP ] ) and defect ( vertical and horizontal defect depths ) were obtained at initial and 6-month reentry surgeries .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Through a randomized clinical trial , to compare patients undergoing an initial course of chemotherapy who report pain and fatigue at baseline and who are receiving conventional care alone with those receiving conventional care plus a nursing intervention on outcomes reported at 20 weeks .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In patients with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy who needed retreatment for persistent new vessels , there was more comfort for the patient when retreatment was performed with an intravitreal injection in comparison with retinal photocoagulation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Macrosomia occurs in infants of diabetic mothers in spite of `` nearly normal maternal blood glucose levels '' with insulin treatment .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The effects of venlafaxine were compared with those of desipramine , a tricyclic antidepressant with noradrenaline uptake inhibiting properties , and paroxetine , a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) , on noradrenaline-and methoxamine-evoked venoconstriction using the dorsal hand vein compliance technique .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: These were drawn via convenience sampling from a randomized control trial in which 48 of them were equally assigned to either an online or a face-to-face course of instruction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary endpoint was ventilator-free days at day 28 after randomization .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ( Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and AbbVie Biotherapeutics ; ELOQUENT-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01239797 . )\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This randomized , clinical multicenter trial investigated the treatment outcomes of displaced condylar fractures , and whether radiographic fracture level was a prognostic factor in therapeutic decision-making between open reduction and internal fixation ( ORIF ) versus closed reduction and mandibulomaxillary fixation ( CRMMF ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: For all these measures of outcome and clinical status , carvedilol was superior to placebo within each racial cohort ( P < 0.05 in all analyses ) , and there was no significant interaction between race and treatment ( P > 0.05 in all analyses ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A focus on investing on improving systems for physician recruitment may be key to meeting recruitment target in chemoprevention trials .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: FDI scores failed to demonstrate differences in the QoL of patients ' relatives after treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Primary outcome measures were time to medical fitness to discharge , hospital stay and postoperative morbidity .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Fistula tracks were treated by fistulotomy and/or fistulectomy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The use of low O2 tension achieved a 41.3 % ongoing pregnancy rate per ITT compared with a 40.8 % rate obtained for 5 % CO2 in air .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Both groups of patients will be followed at least for 24 months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Changes in the degree of knee pain were evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The aim of this prospective randomized study was to test the hypothesis that the TandemHeart ( pVAD ) provides superior hemodynamic support compared with intraaortic balloon pumping ( IABP ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There was no significant difference either within or between the groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Students started at random in one location and crossed over after five weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes were compared using the nonparametric tests .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The beneficial effect of DBS on motor function was stable and comparable by target over 36 months .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Plasma isoflavones and metabolites were significantly ( P < 0.01 ) higher after treatment with isolated soy protein with isoflavones .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To determine the feasibility and , possibly , efficacy of genomic screening for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) in the blood service setting , a representative population of first-time blood donors was screened individually with a semi-automated genomic amplification assay for HCV RNA .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Calculations were made for 95 % confidence intervals for the change in KF and VAS pain ratings from baseline measurement to 12 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: For currently available insulin pump bolus waves , SQ and MC may be least likely to cause hypoglycemia in pramlintide-treated patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This analysis includes 942 screened but non-randomized individuals and 839 randomized participants with baseline serum bicarbonate measurements with stage 2-4 CKD .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The excitation site of DES has the predicted displacement compared with the excitation region induced by the neighboring single-electrode contact .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Ideal ablation lines encircling the ipsilateral pulmonary veins ( PVs ) at antral level were drawn onto the segmented LA surface .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Effects of incentives on response rates and item nonresponse were examined , as was cost-effectiveness .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: RXU+E : 26 PCCs were placed in molars , eight in premolars .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The difference between the 2 groups in terms of incidence of delayed ischemic neurological deficits ( DINDs ) and cerebral infarction caused by vasospasm , and Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 3 months after SAH were statistically analyzed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Atelectasis is common during and after general anaesthesia .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: To compare splinting and exercise to exercise alone in adults with axillary burns .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Efficacy and costs of empirical antibacterial therapy in febrile neutropenic patients are important issues .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: This double-blind trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-12 ( anti-interleukin-12 ) in 79 patients with active Crohn 's disease .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study included 233 women in the intervention group and 219 in the control group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Behavior : Data on pregnancies and outcomes were collected .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At week 24 , total dairy servings per day were similar between groups and servings of reduced-fat dairy foods were higher in the intervention group ( 0.8 servings per day 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.5-1 .1 , P < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: PURSUIT is a large , randomised multicentric study on the treatment of unstable angina or non Q wave myocardial infarction with eptifibatide versus placebo ,\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There was a dose-response relationship for tVOL , which increased significantly after all doses compared with placebo ( P < 0.001 ) and showed differences between 6.25-microg and 25-microg ( P < 0.014 ) and 12.5-microg and 50-microg ( P < 0.05 ) doses .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A tendency toward lower injection NRS pain scores was observed in group L compared to group T ( p = .064 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The plasma amprenavir trough concentartion ( C ( tau ) ) was 49 % higher in the HD-FPV/RTV arm than in the STD-FPV/RTV arm and similar in the FPV/LPV/RTV and STD-FPV/RTV arms .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Total nasal symptom score ( TNSS ) was calculated to evaluate immediate efficacy 10 min after first drug administration .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the rocker sole group , mean reduction in RMDQ was -3.1 ( 95 % CI [ confidence interval ] , -4.5 to -1.6 ) , and in the flat sole group , it was -4.4 ( 95 % CI , -5.8 to -3.1 ) ( a greater negative value represents a greater reduction in disability ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Prospective , randomized trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Moxifloxacin prolongs QT interval duration .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Chronotropic incompetence ( CI ) is a common finding in patients with advanced chronic heart failure ( CHF ) and is associated with a worse functional capacity .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The predictive value of HER-2 would most likely be related to the concomitant amplification of the topo IIalpha gene .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No side-effect and complication was noted in the navigation group except minimal facial hypesthesia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Parents and partners felt impaired by day and night intravenous therapy at home .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) - positive breast cancer were further randomized to 9 weeks of trastuzumab or no trastuzumab .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The Treatment of Lead-Exposed Children ( TLC ) study is a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial that was conducted between September 1994 and June 2003 in Philadelphia , PA ; Newark , NJ ; Cincinnati , OH ; and Baltimore , MD. .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Appreciated. I'll retain these important details."]
[{"question": "Sentence: Overall success rates were 88 % for Sunmed , 68 % for Portex , 88 % for Greenfield , and 79 % for Eschmann .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The prespecified changes in BP from baseline for the diabetes subgroup receiving triple-combination treatment were greater than the respective dual-combination treatments ( P .0013 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Even in these patients with tumours of excellent prognosis , LR after conservative surgery without adjuvant therapy was still very high .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: All received loratadine for 5 weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: One hundred and sixty-seven outpatients with mood disorders , anxiety disorders , or PD were randomized to STG or LTG ( respectively , 20 or 80 weekly sessions of 90 min each ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Adolescents in the ` E-health4Uth ' group receive internet-based tailored health messages on their health behaviour and well-being .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty-eight of 45 patients ( 62.2 % ) revealed subjective improvement in tinnitus with TENS .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The median time to the maximum level of sedation was 8 min for midazolam compared with 6 min for nitrous oxide ( P < 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 1,678 infants [ 588 breastfed ( BF ) and 1,090 formula-fed ( FF ) infants ] were studied .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , oedema reduced significantly in the group treated with acupuncture at seven days compared to three days after surgery , possibly due the fact that there was more oedema in the treatment group at day three ( although this difference was nor significant between groups ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Four patients failed to achieve the normal percentage increase in cortisol levels , but only 1 patient failed to meet both criteria .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Forty-two patients were selected for treatment of unilateral zygomatic bone fractures and were divided randomly to one of two treatments : either a Hilotherm cooling face mask or conventional cooling compresses .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In addition , the course of circulating Ang-2 was analyzed in 21 septic patients at intensive care unit ( ICU ) admission and after 24 and 72 hours , respectively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We found no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between the 2 treatment groups and our results do not support prolonged thromboprophylaxis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: After 1-year follow-up period , 90 % of the children in group A had become completely tolerant vs. 23 % of the children in group B.\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare analgesic and adverse effects of ketoprofen and carprofen when used to control pain associated with elective orthopedic surgeries in dogs .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 153 centres enrolled 3887 patients : atorvastatin ( n = 1944 ) ; fluvastatin ( n = 493 ) ; lovastatin ( n = 494 ) ; pravastatin ( n = 478 ) ; and simvastatin ( n = 478 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Laypersons exposed to very short Hands-Only CPR videos are more likely to attempt CPR and show superior CPR skills than untrained laypersons .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The log10 median baseline HIV RNA load was 5.00 copies/ml in the SQV-SGC group and 4.98 copies/ml in the indinavir group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: SRP+SDD yielded a greater reduction in the gingivomucosal and serum nitrosative stress markers than did SRP + placebo .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Promethazine ( 10 mg ) shortened sleep latencies from 2.5 to 5.0 h after ingestion , and the subjects as a group reported increased sleepiness overthis period .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Change from baseline on the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) in the domains of erectile function and sexual satisfaction to demonstrate improved sexual functioning and confidence .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The treatment was adjusted in Group C according to the hypothesis of NWTV with neoadjuvant chemotherapy delivered 5 days after bevacizumab treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Innovative modifications have been introduced in several types of dialyser membranes to improve adequacy and permselectivity .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: To evaluate PCO morphologically , digital images were obtained and analysed using evaluation of posterior capsule opacification computer software ( epco ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The 3 groups were comparable for all baseline and surgical characteristics .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Responses of norepinephrine to the upright test were not modified , while those of epinephrine were increased ( P = 0.042 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Characteristics of the patients , procedures , and endoscopists were similar except that dilation patients were younger .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Three-year treatment with eldecalcitol has been shown to improve lumbar and total hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) , decrease bone turnover markers , and lower the incidences of vertebral and wrist fractures in patients with osteoporosis more than with treatment with alfacalcidol under vitamin D repletion .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was a log-linear relationship between C ( max ) / MIC and FEV ( 1 ) % pred .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: DNA fragmentation was evaluated by agarose electrophoresis and also cytometrically as sub-G1 population .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were treated with a split-mouth design approach : each side was randomly assigned to the test group ( titanium-reinforced e-PTFE membrane and allogeneic bone matrix ) or to the control group ( titanium-reinforced e-PTFE membrane and autogenous bone chips ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The enamel specimens of each group were divided into two subgroups of 15 specimens to bond with either 0.5 - or 1.0-mm thick porcelain laminates .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The number needed to treat for response was approximately six in favor of adjunctive L-methylfolate at 15 mg/day .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Hypercholesterolemia study : placebo or atorvastatin ( 10 or 40 mg ) for 4 weeks , then placebo or LY518674 ( 10 or 50 microg ) for 12 more weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Clinical research center in a community hospital .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Sixty-two eligible patients were included , 32 receiving CET-CF and 30 CF. Cetuximab did not exacerbate grade 3/4 toxicity , except for rash ( 6 % versus 0 % ) and diarrhea ( 16 % versus 0 % ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Ulcer size reduction and the number of patients with complete healing were compared between the LLLT and placebo groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study was to explore the impact of lymphatic chemotherapy on relapse and metastasis of breast cancer , and to investigate the mechanism .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The hypothesis under investigation was that one of the dentures would be preferred by the patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: A cluster randomized , controlled , nonblinded trial .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Parental exposure to messaging at children 's school events was associated with higher water consumption ( 6.879 , [ 1.954-24 .212 ] ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Thirty-seven percent of abnormal previous screens were classified as malignant , 39 % subtle change and 21 % as non-specific .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the wound closure and postoperative hypotony after sclerotomy with a microvitreoretinal ( MVR ) blade trocar with those with a beveled trocar for microincision vitrectomy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: During anesthesia , ventilation was assisted or controlled with 1 % enflurane and 50 % nitrous oxide ( N2O ) in oxygen .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To assess the longterm safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab ( TCZ ) in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( sJIA ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: They were Caucasian ( approximately 91 % ) , male ( approximately 60 % ) , in their mid-40s , well educated , had approximately 13 years back pain duration , a disability level approximately 10 ( Roland-Morris scale : 0-23 ; 23 = worst ) , and > 80 % had used the Internet for greater than a year before the randomized trial .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Vedaprofen treatment also resulted in more rapid recovery , presumably through the relief of pain and inflammation , in cats that had undergone soft tissue surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi is at least three times more sensitive than culture for identifying spirochetemia in early Lyme disease and may be useful in rapid diagnosis .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Bilateral cataract patients should have surgery in both eyes .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: To examine the clinical effect of fluid restriction in patients admitted to the hospital with class IV heart failure ( HF ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: To examine whether adding either small , variable financial incentives or optional group sessions improves weight losses in a community-based , Internet behavioral program .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: But there is a lack of standardization and lack of clinical studies to prove the improvement on clinical outcome .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00982579 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Seventy-one patients who had a cuff leak percentage < 24 % of tidal volume received either a bolus injection of methylprednisolone at 40 mg ( treated group , n = 38 ) or normal saline ( placebo group , n = 33 ) 4 h prior to a planned extubation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: No significant increase in Grimelius-positive cells or inflammation was evident .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Group B were instructed to consume a fibre-free diet and allowed to consume clear liquids the day before VCE .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Sinus bradycardia caused treatment withdrawal in only three cases .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The correspondence for DIAZ was less clear .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To study the beneficial effects of oral contraceptive ( OC ) therapy following gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist ( GnRH-a ) administration in women with polycystic ovary disease ( PCOD ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Preoperatively , patients receiving a popliteal-sciatic perineural catheter were randomly assigned to either the long-axis or short-axis technique .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The neodymium : YAG laser capsulotomy rate was significantly higher in the AR40 group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: These results suggest that oxycodone and hydrocodone have similarly potent analgesic effects in the first hour of treatment for ED patients with acute fractures .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial in eight UK urogynaecology centres was conducted between 2006 and 2009 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Participants consumed two chewable tablets twice daily ( at breakfast and after school ) , with each tablet containing 100 mg of L-theanine ( total 400 mg daily Suntheanine , Taiyo Kagaku , Yokkaichi , Japan ) or identical tasting chewable placebo for six weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: There was a significant difference between treatment group B and control group A in the number of infected patients ( odds ratio of 0.42 , 95 % confidence interval of 0.27 to 0.64 ) , secondary lower respiratory tract infection ( odds ratio of 0.47 , 95 % confidence interval of 0.26 to 0.82 ) , and urinary tract infection ( odds ratio of 0.47 , 95 % confidence interval of 0.27 to 0.81 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Renal function , adverse events ( AEs ) / serious AEs , C3 , C4 , and C1-INH levels were monitored and C1q + HLA antibodies were also blindly assessed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We measured which products consumers used with self-reports , observation ( for the filter ) , and chlorine tests ( for the other products ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Relapse prevention : after 12-weeks open-label treatment , remitters ( MADRS 12 ) were randomised to double-blind treatment with escitalopram or placebo and followed over 24-weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty-nine of them were randomized into a GH group ( n = 15 ) receiving 1 mg/m ( 2 ) / day GH or a non-GH-treated control group ( n = 14 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and 8weeks and included extracellular fluid , lymphoedema symptoms , well-being and safety .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: An improvement in depressive symptoms , a decrease in suicidal and self-mutilatory acts , reduced inpatient days , and better social and interpersonal function began at 6 months and continued until the end of treatment at 18 months .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A statistically significant increase in spherical aberration was noted in the OATz group only ( P < .05 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A reduction of heart rate was observed on the first dose ( 12.5 mg once daily ) , from a mean ( SD ) of 74 ( 11 ) to 67 ( 11 ) beats/min , p < 0.05 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the control group , no attempts were made to reverse cerebral desaturation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Cognitive-behavioural therapy by general practitioners for unexplained , persistent fatigue did not prove to be an effective intervention .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The ORM revealed a quicker onset of the effect of verum acupuncture on the nasal blood flow .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , an opposite and significant relationship was observed among risperidone-treated subjects .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The glucose , insulin , and C-peptide responses after a glucose load were significantly reduced at 6 and 12 weeks in the troglitazone treatment group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients with albumin excretion rates ( AER ) < 40 mg/24 h at baseline and follow-up ( n = 302 ) were deemed resistant to developing abnormal albuminuria .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Further research is needed to determine the economic significance of short-course levofloxacin therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , its ability to opioid-spare or facilitate earlier extubation in postoperative neonates is unquantified .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: At final assessment , calcitriol and dithranol were comparably efficacious .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Abstinence rates were 8 % higher in both programs at the long-term than at the 12-month follow-up .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Adjusting only for randomized treatment , nearly all UP variables ( number of high readings , 1-year level , slopes ) , SC at 1 year , and SC trends ( slopes ) over the prior year were significantly associated with subsequent ESRD ( all P values < 0.05 ) in both studies .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Seventy-six children with ADHD received each of 4 counterbalanced doses of MPH ( 5 , 10 , 15 , and 20 mg ) in the context of a double-blind , placebo-controlled , within-subject ( crossover ) experimental design .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Gastric emptying was more rapid after ginger than placebo [ median ( range ) half-emptying time 12.3 ( 8.5-17 .0 ) min after ginger , 16.1 ( 8.3-22 .6 ) min after placebo , P0 .05 ] .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Oxytocin was given if labor had not started after 12 hours .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Little is known about how U.S. physicians political affiliations , specialties , or sense of social responsibility relate to their reactions to health care reform legislation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: At 2 years , niacin therapy had significantly increased the median HDL cholesterol level from 35 mg per deciliter ( 0.91 mmol per liter ) to 42 mg per deciliter ( 1.08 mmol per liter ) , lowered the triglyceride level from 164 mg per deciliter ( 1.85 mmol per liter ) to 122 mg per deciliter ( 1.38 mmol per liter ) , and lowered the LDL cholesterol level from 74 mg per deciliter ( 1.91 mmol per liter ) to 62 mg per deciliter ( 1.60 mmol per liter ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Hemorrhage was assessed by using susceptibility-weighted imaging sequences and was classified as petechial hemorrhagic infarction ( HI ) or parenchymal hematoma ( PH ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In 8 patients , the tympano-mastoid was explored and these patients had dry , hearing ears only after surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The goal of this study was to assess the effect on body weight and glycemic control of sibutramine in combination with glibenclamide in obese Hispanic patients with type 2 diabetes .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: To evaluate the effect of informed consent on stress levels associated with removal of impacted mandibular third molars .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twenty subjects receiving primary health care were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Outcome measures were ( i ) anthropometry ; ( ii ) hip , lumbar spine ( LS ) and whole body ( WB ) bone mineral content ( BMC ) and bone area ( BA ) measured using DXA ; ( iii ) bone turnover markers .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The results of the current study demonstrate that IM and plate devices provide similar repair strength for middle-third clavicle fractures .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In a prospective randomized trial , we used a standardized technique of anesthesia and of laryngeal mask insertion in 126 consecutive day-case patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Therapeutic options include medical ( vasoconstrictive/vasoactive drugs ) and endoscopic ( sclerotherapy/ligation ) treatments .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: At baseline , 322 nursing home residents were included , of whom 266 were assessed after 3 months of intervention .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}]