["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>Here are some examples with classification labels to remember:\n\nSample: Patient diet should be assessed when researchers use REP as a biomarker in calcium chemoprevention studies .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To evaluate the association between baseline comprehensive geriatric assessment ( CGA ) or the Groningen Frailty Indicator ( GFI ) and toxicity in elderly metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) patients treated with first-line palliative chemotherapy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Among women with menorrhagia , hysterectomy improves sexual functioning , whereas LNG-IUS does not have such a positive effect .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Most of these cases ( 23 of 26 or 88.5 % ) were organ confined and amenable to potentially curative treatment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Times to interview were similar ( median 20 [ range 4-114 ] vs. 17 [ 7-86 ] min ; P = 0.1029 ) , but bispectral index values at interview were lower ( 85 [ 69-98 ] vs. 92 [ 40-98 ] ; P < 0.0001 ) in propofol than in desflurane patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although achieving a pathological complete response ( pCR ) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( NACT ) in breast cancer predicts a better outcome , some patients still relapse .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Symptoms and nasal peak inspiratory flow ( PIF ) were monitored in the morning , ten minutes post challenge , and in the evening .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: No treatment related deaths occurred after this dose reduction .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The subjects of the study were 250 patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II aged 25-55 yr .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All procedures ended with complete clearance of the suspected or overt bladder tumor in the modality assigned .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Additional data are needed to confirm whether this differential risk should be taken into account in decisions for treatment of carotid disease in women .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Desmopressin may be a useful therapeutic tool for many women with IUD-related menorrhagia .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Patients undergoing haemodialysis ( HD ) via a tunnelled catheter were randomised 1:1 to once per week ethanol locks ( with two heparin locks between other dialysis sessions ) vs thrice per week heparin locks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Unlike the irritant reactions , no significant increase in TEWL values in tuberculin reactions were found .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Group A received a prophylactic IABP one day before surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The possible additive effect of chemotherapy ( CT ) remains unclear .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Nearly 35 % of men treated for prostate cancer ( PrCA ) will experience biochemically defined recurrence , noted by a rise in PSA , within 10 years of definitive therapy .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: VPA increased the rocuronium requirement , and MgSO ( 4 ) infusion attenuated this increase .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: During the past 4 decades , improvements in neonatal critical care have made it possible for more VLBW infants to survive to discharge from NICUs .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In study B , only in high myopes with more than -6.00 D ( mean , -7.76 + / - 1.15 D ) did refraction and corneal haze outcomes show significant difference between the Initial Corticosteroid Group and the No/delayed Corticosteroid Group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Milk from infected quarters of cows with high somatic cell counts in milk on eight Australian dairy farms was cultured to identify bacterial pathogens .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To determine ( 1 ) level of readiness and ( 2 ) demographic and behavioural predictors of readiness to seek chlamydia ( CT ) and gonorrhoea ( NGC ) screening in the absence of symptoms after sex with a `` new '' partner .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The sealants placed without a prior bonding agent showed the greatest amount of leakage after four years .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Over the median follow-up period of 45.5 months , among patients euthyroid at baseline , 89 developed abnormally low TSH levels , and 341 developed abnormally high values .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The nicotine patch had no analgesic effect in non-smoking volunteers .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To evaluate whether use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents , alone or in combination with specific antiarrhythmic therapy , is associated with improved survival in persons with ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Patients were more comfortable with titrating medication if their blood pressure readings were substantially above target , but were reluctant to implement such a change if readings were borderline .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Brief motivational intervention ( BMI ) has shown promising results to reduce alcohol use in young adults .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Colposcopy was performed in all women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The enrollment of the patients was in accordance with 6 criteria .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Completeness of revascularization did not differ between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Between 2003 and 2005 , the mean socioeconomic status of SEWA Insurance members ( relative to the rural population of Gujarat ) increased significantly .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was a negative correlation between the initial values and the differences in values between the two environments .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Long-term studies to study the durability and complication rate of the different wall configurations of ePTFE grafts have not been carried out .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Six-month randomized , double-blind placebo controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We tested the hypothesis that the CT is efficient for tracheal intubation of morbidly obese patients who are at risk of a difficult airway .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: However , in one group , women more prepared for transition , counseling cost $ 1,066 per unit decrease in distress compared with the video .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sensitivity , specificity , diagnostic accuracy of mammographic interpretation and inter - and intra-observer variation , were assessed in a random sample of 29 radiologists from the Mexican Ministry of Health .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: During these sessions , subjects performed maximal-effort jump squats with 0 % -30 % 1RM .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Heart rate was measured at admission .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum-free estradiol and estrone levels decreased moderately in the experimental group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Further studies are required to determine the cost-effectiveness of this approach .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Postoperative deviation < or = 10 prism dioptres was considered to be treatment success .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When compared by bleeding , there were no significant differences with respect to ethnicity , alcohol consumption , or tobacco use .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The Cmax and AUC ( 0,34 h ) ( P < 0.05 ) but not the AUC ( 0 , ) of the active metabolite C12490XX were decreased significantly .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Lignocaine pertubated through the fallopian tubes reaches the peritoneal cavity and diffuses through the peritoneum into the blood circulation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Cryopreserved RBCs ( CPRBC ) can be stored for up to 10 years and potentially minimize the associated storage lesion .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Multicenter , open-label , single-dose , dose-escalation Phase Ia study to determine the safety , tolerability , maximum tolerated dose , and immunogenicity of FCFD4514S , an antigen-binding fragment from a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against complement factor D , in patients with geographic atrophy .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-bright ( ALDH ( br ) ) cells have shown promise in promoting angiogenesis and providing perfusion benefits in preclinical ischemia studies .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This paper evaluates the effectiveness , in relation to alcohol harm prevention , of the Drug Education in Victorian Schools ( DEVS ) programme , nine months after implementation .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study design patients with CPSP lasting at least 3 months and a pain score 4 on the 11-point Likert scale were treated over two 8-week periods with a maximum dose up to 3000 mg LEV or placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Replacing habitual consumption of SSBs with milk may have beneficial effects on lean body mass and growth in children , despite no changes in percentage body fat .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Epirubicin was effective for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma ( NSCLC ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n<Assistant>Appreciated. I'll retain these important details.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>Here are training examples for classification. Note the labels carefully:\n\nSample: The study group was 54 patients while control group was 50 patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: IBS Global Improvement responders had more days with satisfactory control of urgency at week 12 ( 88 % vs 48 % ) as well as firmer stools , fewer stools/day , and fewer days with incomplete evacuation compared with nonresponders .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No major differences in medical history were found between the grass AIT group ( n = 219 ) and the placebo group ( n = 57 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sexually active , nondepressed adolescent outpatients who were aged 15 to 18 years were randomly assigned to a schedule of the 3 methods of data collection for 2 weeks each .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Discontinuations due to adverse events during the titration phase were numerically greater in the OROS hydromorphone group ( 29.6 % [ 21/71 ] ) than in the ER oxycodone group ( 19.4 % [ 13/67 ] ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Alarm patients had 10 % fewer wet nights and a better long-term result .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Rescreening patients after treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has had high yield but low rates of participation .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: This will be a randomized controlled trial ( N = 184 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary outcome was health-related quality of life assessed with use of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey ( RAND-36 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The difference was also significant for hyperemia ( p < 0.001 ) , itching ( p < 0.001 ) , and tearing ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Forty-two consecutive patients with septic shock diagnosed between September 2009 and June 2011 were randomized to two study groups : RL resuscitation group ( RL group ) with 20 patients , and HES130/0 .4 resuscitation group ( HES group ) with 22 patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Reliable telephone follow-up offers physicians a timely method to notify patients of unexpected laboratory and imaging results , clarify discharge instructions , evaluate health status changes , and potentially boost patient satisfaction .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The underlying basis for this observation is poorly understood .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The primary outcome measure was an indicator of health-seeking behavior for UTIs and LRTIs , defined as the proportion of participants with a positive score on at least seven of nine determinants , six from the Health Belief Model and the additional three domains of knowledge , need for information , and intention .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Overall incidence and pain scores of epigastric and global abdominal pain were more frequent in the controls than in the lidocaine group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The time horizon was 12 months and costs were estimated from the UK National Health Service perspective .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the indomethacin group ( n = 89 ) , 77 patients ( 87 % ) showed no HO , 9 showed HO of grade 1 and 3 showed HO of grade 2 according to the Brooker classification .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean final best-corrected visual acuity ( logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ) was 0.40 in the 23-gauge PPV/Densiron group and 0.48 in the 20-gauge PPV/ESB/SF6 group ( P = 0.31 , t-test ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with MR were more likely to experience cardiovascular mortality ( 29 % versus 12 % ; P < .001 ) , severe heart failure ( 24 % versus 16 % ; P = .0153 ) , and the combined end point of cardiovascular mortality , severe heart failure , or recurrent myocardial infarction ( 47 % versus 29 % ; P < .001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Women scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization under local anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After 10 years from the start of the study , 61 % of patients were alive in the chemotherapy group and 48 % were alive in the control group ( P = .050 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients completing a titration phase ( n = 84 ) continued to a DB/DD phase : 10 episodes of BTCP were randomly treated with FPNS and oral capsule placebo ( five episodes ) or IRMS and nasal spray placebo ( 5 episodes ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A sample size of 69 in each group was calculated to have 80 % power to detect a probability of 0.362 that an observation in the cases was less than an observation in controls using a Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney rank-sum test with a 0.05 two-sided significance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Interventions included lispro insulin injected before test meals and replacement of other carbohydrates with fructose in test meals .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Elevated natriuretic peptides ( NPs ) are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndromes ( ACSs ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The current study is a multicenter randomized trial in two parallel groups comparing 7 and 11 weeks of delay between the end of RCT and cancer surgery of rectal tumors .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The findings of the present trial indicated that addition of C. vulgaris extract to the therapeutic regimen of NAFLD including metformin and vitamin E , is associated with favorable effects on serum levels of transaminases , triglycerides as well as insulin sensitivity .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Mother-infant immediate skin-to-skin contact is an easy and available method of enhancing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: SPECT was repeated at 43 + / -26 days after therapy was optimized .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Nineteen patients with FM completed a randomized , double-blind crossover study , which consisted of 4 6-week trials of FL ( 20 mg ) , AM ( 25 mg ) , a combination of FL and AM , or placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The eradication rate of 10-day sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection was not satisfactory in Korea , probably due to antibiotic resistance .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There were no relevant differences between the two medication groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The aim of the present study was twofold : 1 .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: People with obesity or overweight with a co-morbid disorder are invited to take part by a letter from their general practitioner .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A further 55 teeth were used for evaluation of dye penetration following filling of the root-end cavities with Super EBA .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We had the rare opportunity to conduct a cluster-randomized controlled trial to observe the long-term ( 16-year ) effects of a well-designed hearing conservation intervention for rural high school students .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Since the patients ' discomfort during a IFN maintenance therapy was frequently experienced the quality of their lives should be carefully taken into account .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The primary safety outcome was the incidence of any bleeding during treatment and follow-up .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>Here are training examples for classification. Note the labels carefully:\n\nSample: A total of 306 participants with bipolar disorder were randomly assigned at hospital discharge to 3 years of follow-up treatment with a collaborative care model or to usual care .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The randomized controlled European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer ( EORTC ) trial 22911 studied the effect of radiotherapy after prostatectomy in patients with adverse risk factors .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Other assessments included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale , Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale , and functional and quality-of-life measures .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After an individual lifestyle counselling 41 % accepted group-based counselling .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After 6 months and 1 year there were no differences in knee motion , ankle motion , fracture site pain or ankle pain .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Assignment was to one of the following groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: But , in follow-up visit of 9 weeks after treatment , the scores of WOMAC and SF-36 in acupuncture group were superior to those in western medication group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in social approach behavior in nonhuman mammals .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: SASA !\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Influenza infection results in substantial costs , morbidity , and mortality .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Combination therapies are now recommended to treat uncomplicated malaria .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Between Feb 23 , and Nov 29 , 2013 , 47 men completed this part of the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: These findings also suggest that weight and head circumference were the most reliable measures , whereas length and mid-arm circumference were the least reliable measures .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Serum biochemical tests , amino , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were performed before and after treatment with CRRT .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Transient elevations in alanine aminotransferase levels to greater than three times the upper limit of the normal range were observed in 24 patients receiving laquinimod ( 5 % ) and 8 receiving placebo ( 2 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: It was estimated that enrollment of 90 women would be required to identify a 30 % difference in the percent delivered in < 24 hours ( 1 - beta = .80 , alpha = .05 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A two-arm , double-blinded , community-based randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After the biopsies , the patients were asked to score the severity of pain by filling out a visual analog pain scale .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In contrast , 84 % of patients in Group I and 85 % in Group II saw significant pain relief and functional status improvement in the successful group ( 62 % in Group I and 68 % in Group II ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cimetidine administration had no significant effect on resting heart rate ( 75 + / - 10 bpm vs 74 + / - 8 bpm ) , heart rate at peak exercise ( 176 + / - 12 bpm vs 176 + / - 11 bpm ) , and on the difference between the peak and the resting heart rates -- delta HR ( 101 + / - 14 bpm vs 101 + / - 13 bpm ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Two different anesthesia and analgesic protocols with and without low-dose ketamine were used during and following ovariohysterectomy in 16 female dogs ( n = 8 per group ) that were diagnosed with naturally occurring pyometra .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: On day 0 ( before the trial began ) and days 45 and 90 after the trial began , investigators conducted orthopedic evaluations and force-plate analyses of the most severely affected limb of each dog , and owners completed questionnaires to characterize their dogs ' arthritis signs .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Safety monitoring revealed no relevant issues .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the historical control group , mean BG decline was significantly less , from 322 126 mg/dL on admission to 242 79 mg/dL on discharge ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients received either sulindac or placebo for 48 months , and development of new adenomas was evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The primary endpoint was overall survival in all patients allocated to treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Targeting CFAE is not simply atrial debulking .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Retrospective analysis of 886 men with negative baseline prostate biopsy and positive 2-year repeat biopsy in the Reduction by Dutasteride of PC Events ( REDUCE ) study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Time-to-treatment , STR , and TIMI-flow correlate with IS and transmurality underlining the assumed pathophysiological link between early flow restoration and perfusion in the infarct-related artery .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Dietary treatment was based on weight reduction , restriction of sodium , and decrease of excess alcohol intake ( defined as greater than or equal to 250 g alcohol per week ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Adverse events ( AEs ) , including serious AEs , leading to withdrawal were more common among patients treated with atacicept compared with placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: These findings support use of once-daily DRV/r in this population .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Mean LLGR in patients receiving budesonide was significantly less than for those receiving placebo ( difference of -0.16 mm/week [ -0.25 , -0.06 ] , P = 0.002 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: min ( -1 ) ) for cholecystectomy did not alter the severity of postoperative pain , time to first analgesic supplementation or dose of morphine in 24hours .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Also , to assess if there was a difference in the number of skin penetrations and needle redirections between the two guidance techniques .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Outcome of patients with dysmotility was similar to those with normal motility in both groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This study is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial for children with moderate to severe AD within the atopic syndrome .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary outcome variables : Differences from baseline to week 4 and from week 4 to month 7 in circumference of the arm ( cm ) , body weight ( kg ) , patient sensation of heaviness ( scale range : 0-10 ) , patient sensation of tension ( scale range : 0-10 ) , and quality of life ( EQ-5D-5 L-questionnaire ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The intraoperative anesthetic protocol was strictly controlled , and the postoperative analgesic consumption and pain levels were recorded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Despite the improvement in the care management , women cancer patients who are still in employment find themselves for the most part obliged to stop working while they are having treatment .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Confounding factors can be better controlled between study group and the control group by applying cluster-randomized method on vaccine trail which enabled the intervention to be more scientifically evaluated ; The implementation of cluster randomization trial was simple and easy to be accepted .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Despite a greater risk of malignancy and a higher cancer mortality rate for patients age > 65 years , bias in accruing older patients to clinical trials persists .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Men and women aged 55-64 years , in 14 UK centres , who responded to a mailed questionnaire that they would attend for flexible sigmoidoscopy screening if invited , were randomly assigned screening or control ( ratio one to two ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: BNP-guided treatment reduced the number of primary indomethacin doses .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Subjects were assigned to 4 vaccination groups : groups AI , AII , and AIII received intranasal influenza vaccine from batches that differed in the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase strains used , and group B received intramuscular virosomal subunit vaccine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Practice facilitation ( PF ) is an implementation strategy now commonly used in primary care settings for improvement initiatives .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Data from a repeated measures ANOVA indicate that DOMS was successfully induced in both groups via significant time effects for strength loss ( P = 0.0001 ) , point tenderness ( P = 0.0001 ) , elbow flexor decreased range of motion ( P = 0.013 ) , and subjective pain ( P = 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Twenty companies of Soldiers ( n = 4,325 ) were cluster randomized to complete a traditional exercise program including sit-ups ( TEP ) with or without a psychosocial educational program ( PSEP ) or a core stabilization exercise program ( CSEP ) with or without PSEP .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary outcomes included measures of early postoperative post-thoracotomy pain , morphine requirements , recovery and analgesia-related adverse effects over the first 3 weeks as well as persistent post-thoracotomy pain at 3 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>I have some labeled classification examples for you to study:\n\nSample: The end points evaluated were frequency of PONV , need for rescue antiemetics , need for overnight hospitalization secondary to persistent nausea and vomiting , and frequency PONV 24 h after discharge .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When comparing the various types of oxygen-delivery equipment in an HC at 2,438 m ( 8,000 ft ) , compressed gaseous oxygen with continuous flow or with an oxygen-conserving device resulted in the same PaO ( 2 ) , whereas a POC showed significantly lower PaO ( 2 ) values .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Post operative pain was more in dissection method and it was less in coblation technique .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No oxybutynin-related side-effects were reported .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The addition of roflumilast to long-acting bronchodilators improves lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Efficacy was assessed by mandatory bilateral venography .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At baseline testing , 8.8 % were HIV-positive on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Risk factors of age , gender , ASA ( American Society of Anesthesiologists ) grade , and stoma moderated the impact of complications in the short - to medium-term QoL , but had less influence on long-term QoL .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Visual performance scores with the 3 IOLs were comparable .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no significant between-group differences .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A cohort of children aged 1-10 years in Kampala , Uganda were treated with amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In 427 ( 91 % ) , satisfactory peroperative cholangiography was obtained .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The clinical therapeutic effects , the changes of serum uric acid content and the adverse reaction were observed in the two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The objective of the study was to compare premixed insulin aspart 30 ( BIAsp 30 ) vs premixed human insulin 30 ( BHI 30 ) on efficacy , safety , fetal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies associated with gestational diabetes mellitus [ GDM ] .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Switching to anastrozole resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of disease recurrence ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.44 to 1.00 ; P = .049 ) , and improved overall survival ( HR , 0.53 ; 95 % CI , 0.28 to 0.99 ; P = .045 ) compared with continuing on tamoxifen .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Low immunoglobulin concentrations ( IgG and/or IgM ) were seen in all tested .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Subjects were randomly assigned to four weeks of herring diet ( 150 g baked herring fillets/day 5 , days/week ) or reference diet ( pork and chicken fillets ) and switched diets after 2 weeks washout .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Venous thrombembolism was detected in 5.6 % ( 18/321 ) of patients treated with fondaparinux and 10.5 % ( 34/323 ) of patients given placebo , a relative risk reduction of 46.7 % ( 95 % confidence interval 7.7 % to 69.3 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The rate of postoperative fibrin exsudation is lower under treatment with topical indomethacin or flurbiprofen compared to diclofenac .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , olanzapine monotherapy and OFC seem to be superior to fluoxetine monotherapy in treating both of these dimensions of borderline psychopathology .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Minor bleeding complications , such as hematoma of the puncture sites , occurred significantly less frequently in the argatroban group than in the heparin group ( 4 % vs 30 % , p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Losses in design learning were related to right sided surgery and signal intensity changes .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant time x treatment interaction for blood lipids or insulin action after dietary intervention with the moderate or high n-6 PUFA diets in combination with fish oil .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Follow-up endoscopy with biopsies ( four-quadrant/2 cm BO ) was performed at 6 and 12 months and then annually .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Post hoc analysis showed that dyads who were supported in kangaroo holding displayed more coregulation behavior during play than dyads in the blanket-holding group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At 6 month 25 patients had complete , 9 partial and 5 poor recovery .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There is evidence that pyridoxine deficiency may alter the immune response .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Colonoscopists , unaware as to the randomized preparation received , rated efficacy of cleansing .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This randomized prospective study sought to assess the value of slow pathway ( SP ) mapping and ablation guided by subthreshold stimulation ( STS ) in comparison with a strategy based on conventional criteria .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: As to the Schirmer value , there were neither difference within groups from baseline ( the test group t = 0.4207 , P = 0.6790 and the control group t = 1.1255 , P = 0.2770 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Understood. I'll keep these facts for future reference.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>I'm providing classification data with labels for your reference:\n\nSample: Loperamide appeared to have some benefit in the first 24 hours of treatment in patients infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This study demonstrates potent vasoprotective properties of high-dose simvastatin during endotoxemia that may be useful for patients with acute systemic inflammation and associated vascular hyporeactivity .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In previous clinical studies , a transient and reversible weight decrease was reported with roflumilast , suggesting the systemic actions of this drug may impact metabolism .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: From May 2002 to March 2003 , 66 smokers residing in or around southeastern Pennsylvania were randomly assigned to a theory-based smoking cessation intervention or general health counseling .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Although time to treatment failure was longer in patients on gemcitabine plus cetuximab ( P = .006 ) , the difference in length of treatment was only 2 weeks longer in the combination arm .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Comparison of Group III with Groups I and II revealed a statistically significant increase in pregnancies ( P = 0.016 ) and live birth rates ( P = 0.004 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Time of cycling was significantly increased after chronic Pred treatment ( Pred : 74.5 + / -9.5 min ; Pla : 46.1 + / -3.3 min , P < 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Physical function , physical activity , physical ability , visual function , anxiety , and self-reported physical and mental health were significantly worse for those with depressive symptomatology .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Among older women who have exceeded average life expectancy , quality of life is profoundly threatened by falls and hip fractures .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Percentage of body fat ( P = .56 ) and dietary saturated fat intake ( P = .52 ) did not differ significantly between intervention and control children .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the subjective evaluation of the leakage of urine before operation ( ICIQ-SF ) the mean score in the group of patients who subsequently underwent the AJUST operation was 15.4 ( SD-3 .39 ; median-16 , range 8-21 ) and in women who underwent the MiniArc operation it was 15.5 ( SD-3 .3 ; median-16 , range 8-21 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To study the effects of 1-week ranitidine bismuth citrate ( RBC ) - based triple therapy in the treatment of H. pylori-related duodenal ulcers .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Baseline BCVA ranged from 20/25 to 20/160 ( median 20/50 ) with a mean of 62 ( SD = 13 ) ETDRS letters .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Confidence intervals were calculated for the percentage decrease in MAC for pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Selegiline transdermal system treatment resulted in significantly greater improvement ( p < or = .05 ) compared with placebo treatment on the 3 depression rating scales : the 28-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAM-D28 ) ( primary outcome measure ) , the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale , and the Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology-Self Rated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the effect of young age on times to pregnancy and recurrent PID .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twenty-four patients were enrolled in this assessor-blinded clinical trial and randomly assigned to two parallel treatment groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At the last follow-up , patients had better diurnal IOP control with bimatoprost than combined timolol and dorzolamide .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Preliminary studies have shown that both airflow obstruction and systemic inflammation may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in COPD .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Double-blinded , randomized controlled trial study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The deformability of red blood cells was slightly increased after 50 and 80 mg PETN under share rates of 60 Pa from 55.5 to 58.0 % 8 and 12 h after intake .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01157208 ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The aims of this analysis were to evaluate the impact of smoking on the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel and prasugrel and to test the potential interaction of smoking with the treatment effect of these drugs .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: From May-2010 to February-2012 , 89-patients , scheduled for pulmonary resection , were randomly allocated to one of the two study groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Although the 2 IOL groups had similar performance in reading parameters , patients had to adjust to their best reading distance .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A simplified intervention using a self-monitoring calendar is suggested-with optimal and consistent fluid intake likely to add value .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Noted. I'll remember these details.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>Please learn from these labeled classification instances:\n\nSample: In this study , the antiplatelet effect of prasugrel was evaluated in Japanese coronary artery disease ( CAD ) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: These findings suggest that it may be acceptable to allow patients to add a small quantity of milk to their tea or coffee and follow the same fasting restrictions applied to clear fluids .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded after induction , 30 seconds after intubation , at four time points after incision , and 60 min after surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The MACE and TLR rates in the small-vessel patient population were higher than in the large-vessel population .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The intervention group ( IG , n = 432 ) received 5 counseling sessions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The results suggest that CD14 blockade with IC14 warrants further clinical investigation to determine its ability to attenuate the proinflammatory response due to infection .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Pair-wise group comparisons using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test revealed that there was a significant reduction of the ostium area only in Group 5-FU1 vs. Group SS on the 60th postoperative day ( P < .01 ) ; however , a comparative study among the 4 groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant changes in the ostium area on the 60th postoperative day .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes was expressed as percentage of the total number of cardiomyocytes in histological tissue sections .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In this clinical randomized study , the effects of four anaesthesia techniques during one-lung ventilation [ total intravenous anesthesia ( TIVA ) with or without thoracic epidural anaesthesia ( TEA ) ( G-TIVA-TEA and G-TIVA ) , isoflurane anaesthesia with or without TEA ( G-ISO-TEA and G-ISO ) ] on pulmonary venous admixture ( Qs/Qt ) and oxygenation ( OLV ) were investigated .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: EMLA is considered a breakthrough in cutaneous analgesia , capable of reducing pain in many cutaneous procedures .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A total of 128 healthy parturients in active labour received a patient-controlled epidural analgesia solution of 0.0625 % levobupivacaine and sufentanil 0.25 microg ml ( -1 ) with or without clonidine 2 microg ml ( -1 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) has been proposed as a treatment option for severe Tourette 's syndrome on the basis of findings from open-label series and small double-blind trials .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The factors related to a higher rate of deep infection in a multivariate analysis were male sex and an operating time of > 125 minutes .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The results of this study suggest that emedastine and ketotifen are not significantly different with respect to anti-itching efficacy in the CAC model of acute allergic conjunctivitis .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The median reported baseline pain in the bupivacaine group was 80 mm ( IQR 66 mm - 93 mm ) and 78.5 mm ( IQR 64 mm to 91.75 mm ) in the normal saline solution group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The ORIGIN trial provides an opportunity to further assess this relationship .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There were no significant between-group differences in age ( p = 0.152 ) , sex ( p = 0.363 ) , or American Society of Anaesthesiologists ( ASA ) score ( p = 0.579 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The mean percentage of retinol absorption was apparently similar for the three types of milk , regardless of the amount of fat ingested with each type of milk and the vitamin A provided .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Immediately prior to the induction of anesthesia , patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.2 mg kg-1 of landiolol ( landiolol group ; N = 30 ) , 1 mg kg-1 of esmolol ( esmolol group ; N = 30 ) , or 0.1 mL kg-1 of saline ( control group ; N = 30 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: SCTGE and SCTGN groups exhibited significant root coverage at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Most external defibrillation paddles are rectangular in shape and can , therefore , be placed in a transverse or longitudinal orientation .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The effect of 17OHPC administration in women with a short ( 25th percentile ) and long ( 75th percentile ) cervix was evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The efficacy was evaluated by comparing the activated coagulation time ( ACT ) , the procedural success rate ( residual stenosis < 20 % in target lesions without any coronary artery related adverse events within 24 hours after PCI ) , and the survival rate without major adverse cardiac events at 30 days after PCI between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Follow-up angiography , combined with vasomotor analysis of endothelial function by rapid atrial pacing , will be done at 12 months after the index procedure on both stents .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Thanks for letting me know. I'll keep track of this.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>Please study these classification instances and their labels:\n\nSample: Technology employed in this study is comparable to that currently available .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The improvements were only significant at first follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This is a prospective randomized and controlled study , approved by the local ethical committee of Saarland ( Germany ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To add antioxidant nutrients can improve the submarine men 's antioxidant capacity .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Pairs of study arms were compared in terms of the ratio of the mean epoetin alfa area under the curve ( AUC ) and the ratio of the mean hemoglobin area under the effect curve ( AUEC ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In a 4-week , randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , placebo-controlled parallel-group study , 105 adult patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned to receive FP ANS 200 microg once daily , FP ANS 400 microg twice daily , oral prednisone 7.5 mg once daily , oral prednisone 15 mg once daily , or placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Subjectively , pruritus improved in 13 of 24 on flumecinol and 10 of 26 on placebo ( chi 2 = 1.24 , P = 0.27 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: On the days when nateglinide was administered , subjects received a 120 mg dose at the start of the study day and a second 120 mg dose 4 h after the first .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: After the baseline period , patients were randomly assigned to rufinamide or placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Sixty three were withdrawn due to failure to meet the entry criteria ( 18 ) or the criteria for asthma symptom severity ( 15 ) or reversibility ( 9 ) , because they developed uncontrolled asthma ( 2 ) , because they took disallowed treatment ( 2 ) , or for other non-trial related reasons ( 17 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The intervention group completed the DT&PL , rating distress and discussing sources of distress with a trained radiographer/nurse .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Study 1 : 15 lean subjects received placebo or physiologic replacement-dose recombinant human leptin ( metreleptin ) following short term complete caloric deprivation to induce severe hypoleptinemia ; Study 2 : 7 women with relative leptin deficiency due to strenuous exercise or low weight received 3 months of metreleptin ; Study 3 : 17 women with relative leptin deficiency were randomized to receive metreleptin or placebo over 9 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , the effects of Gln-enriched total parenteral nutrition ( TPN ) on recovery from acute intra-abdominal infection have not been thoroughly investigated .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group ( 503 vs 592 mL , P = 0.003 and 74 vs 114 mL , P = 0.045 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomized , prospective trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Zidovudine plasma and intracellular mono - , di - and triphosphate concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Weight loss should be considered as an adjunct to medical treatments to prevent or delay progression of CKD in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This non-pharmacological strategy can be suggested because of its effect on reducing changes in heart rate during painful procedure .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The HIV-infected subjects were stratified by CD4 cell count , with 45 subjects having CD4 cell counts of > or = 300 cells/mm3 and 45 subjects having CD4 cell counts of < 300 cells/mm3 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This article describes a challenging data monitoring experience that occurred in a major international randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients with heart failure , in which the accumulating interim data showed an excess of deaths on the active treatment .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Second line tests , such as colour Doppler flow , should be considered in order to reduce the false positive rate .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Subtyping alcoholics may help to resolve conflicting findings in the literature on serotonergic treatment of alcohol dependence .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Future studies controlling for nonpharmacological effects as well as activities on other receptors will be necessary to confirm this suggestion .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Quadriceps CSA was also significantly increased after the intervention ( 4.57 % , P = 0.01 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Two pediatric radiologists independently conducted a blinded retrospective study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: One in 2 MP29-02 patients achieved a 50 % rTNSS reduction and 1 in 6 achieved complete/near-to-complete response .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Most of the favorable effects provided by rosiglitazone were still present in participants with concurrent hormone therapy .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The objective of the present analysis was to explore the use of stochastic differential equations ( SDEs ) in population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ( PK/PD ) modeling .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: All patients underwent rehabilitation sessions .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A fulvestrant loading-dose ( LD ) regimen was used : 500 mg intramuscularly on day 0 , 250 mg on days 14 , 28 , and 250 mg every 28 days thereafter .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: When stratified by plaque composition , AVC was associated most with calcified plaque ( OR 5.2 , P = .004 ) , then mixed plaque ( OR 3.2 , P = .02 ) , but not with noncalcified plaque ( P = .96 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) may occur in patients after exposure to a life-threatening illness .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: These results suggest that regression towards the mean is a significant effect in this data set .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Frequent within-subject variability in QFT-GIT responses , not associated with LTBI treatment , makes it difficult for clinicians to interpret QFT-GIT conversions and reversions .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The results suggest if a survey budget is limited and a timeline is not critical , a $ 2 incentive provides an affordable means of increasing participation .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We re-examined data from a randomised controlled intervention study in which residents ' interviews with simulated patients were analysed with the Maastricht History and Advice Checklist ( MAAS-R ) and the Roter Interaction Analysis System ( RIAS ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The purposes of this pilot study were to determine if a combined dietary and exercise intervention would result in significant weight loss in older obese adults with knee osteoarthritis , and to compare the effects of exercise plus dietary therapy with exercise alone on gait , strength , knee pain , biomarkers of cartilage degradation , and physical function .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In all three experiments , attractiveness ratings were comparable for the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A total of 28 diabetic neuropathic patients without peripheral vascular disease were randomized to active treatment with 6 injections of 0.2 ml liquid silicone in the plantar surface of the foot or to treatment with an equal volume of saline ( placebo ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The best approach for most patients may be to begin oral atenolol once stable .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Practices should consider a telephone option for their asthma review service .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The adjunctive regimen provided significantly greater corneal staining reductions versus monotherapy , mean reduction in staining of 1.74 + / - 0.9 , versus 1.27 + / - 0.56 ( P = 0.044 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary outcome was the mean change in visual acuity at 1 year , with a noninferiority limit of 5 letters on the eye chart .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A longer , larger study is needed to replicate results and evaluate the durability of child behavior outcomes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , more frequent sampling of viral load during the first month of treatment shows a bi-phasic viral decline .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>Study these classification examples and pay attention to the categories:\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide administration on REE in patients with COPD .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: There were no clinically meaningful or statistically significant between group differences for outcomes at 12 or 24 months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The response rate of subcutaneous IL-2 ( 10 % , partial response and complete response ) was similar to that of LD IV IL-2 , differing from HD IV ( P = .033 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was also no statistically significant difference in the operative time between the B and UC groups ( 187.6 vs. 184.2 min , P = 0.48 ) or in postoperative complication rates .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomised age and sex stratified survey .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum creatinine increased from 0.86 + / - 0.17 to 1.02 + / - 0.20 mg/dL while serum sodium decreased from 139.7 + / - 2.3 to 136.4 + / - 4.0 mEq/L immediately after surgery in patients of group A ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Bacteria could penetrate into dentine even at a distance from the perforation filling .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Little is known about intercountry differences in outcomes of patients with HF in Canada and the United States .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Transtympanic tympanoplasty is a simple technique with comparable success rate to the tympanomeatal flap technique in tympanic membrane closure and hearing results .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: One patient died , and 4 others experienced recurrent fracture .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomization was equally distributed to both arms of the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Subcutaneous fibrosis ( SF ) , telangectasia ( T ) , skin pigmentation ( SP ) , and breast atrophy ( BA ) were significantly increased in Arm B. No statistical difference was observed between the 2 arms of the study concerning Grade 2 or higher pain , breast edema , or lymphedema .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Helsinki University Eye Hospital , Helsinki , Finland .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was no significant difference demonstrated in mean nightly ventilator usage between the high-intensity and high-pressure groups ( difference of 4 minutes ; 95 % confidence interval -45 to 53 ; P = 0.9 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The study used EBQI methods for CCM redesign , tested the effectiveness of the locally adapted model as implemented , and assessed the contextual factors shaping intervention effectiveness .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Among women at low risk for PPH , there were few factors associated with further risk .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Population pharmacokinetics ( popPK ) analyses were conducted using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Human cadaveric biomechanical study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Results from this randomized clinical trial showed that adding CM to a CBT is effective , and is feasible as an intervention approach with treatment-seeking patients in a community setting .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A PCT-pyuria-based algorithm reduced antibiotic exposure by 30 % when compared to current guidelines without apparent negative effects on clinical outcomes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In this prospective randomized double-blind , short-term trial measurements ( KSS , WOMAC , PDI , VAS , ability to perform ) were obtained at day 1 , day 3 , 1 week , 6 weeks , and 3 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A decreased blood hemoglobin concentration may-perhaps by an impaired tissue oxygenation-reduce the radiosensitivity of normal tissue such as skin and mucosa .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There was no difference between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In contrast , clinical characteristics , such as initial score on the Glasgow Coma Scale , age , and pupillary abnormalities failed to predict recovery .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The simulated patients completed assessment forms following each visit .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Small but significant changes in enjoyment of PA and teachers ' support for PA in both genders and in friends ' support for PA and perceived environmental opportunities for PA in females in a direction unfavourable to PA were detected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant difference in method continuation at 6 weeks [ observed start 108/114 ( 94.7 % ) , Sunday start 101/111 ( 91.0 % , p = .27 ] .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess the cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy ( CBT ) plus usual care for primary care patients with treatment-resistant depression compared with usual care alone .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Physiological measures and assessments of pain , sedation and mechanical nociceptive threshold ( MNT ) were made before and after premedication , intraoperatively , and for up to 24 hours after premedication .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The group that required catecholamines to achieve a DO2 of > or = 600 mL/min/m2 had a lower mortality rate , with no increase in the frequency of myocardial infarction .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: If the randomized trial demonstrates that the intervention is effective , it will fill a gap in evidence-based programs to address ethnic disparities in quality of life among Spanish-speaking Latinas with breast cancer .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Management decisions in 49 patients randomized to PET ( 12 who had PTCA , 14 CABG and 23 drug therapy ) were comparable with 54 patients randomized to SPECT ( 15 who had PTCA , 13 CABG and 26 drug therapy ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with AVC ( n = 37 , 10 % ) were more likely than those without AVC ( n = 320 , 90 % ) to have coexisting presence of any coronary plaque ( 89 % vs 46 % , P < .001 ) and had a greater extent of coronary plaque burden ( 6.4 vs 1.8 segments , P < .001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: All 6213 individuals with type 2 diabetes without macroalbuminuria from the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial ( ONTARGET ) were included in this observational study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Race ( African American ) , obesity ( body mass index z score > 2 ) , and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire ( PSQ ) total score were associated with higher levels of AHI and ODI ( P = .05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Prospective randomly allocated study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Compared with Pl , E ( 2 ) did not alter ghrelin concentrations but reduced IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and elevated IGFBP-1 concentrations .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Ketorolac in reducing postoperative pain and morphine requirements following primary multilevel lumbar decompression surgery .\n\nLabels: 3\n<Assistant>I understand. I'll keep this in mind.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>I want you to learn from these classified examples:\n\nSample: For both types of lift , increasing width produced a greater mean illusory drop ( expressed as a percentage decrease with 95 % confidence intervals ) in perceived heaviness ( 24 + / - 7 % during individual lifting and 41 + / - 8 % during team lifting ) than increasing height ( 15 + / - 7 % during individual lifting and 18 + / - 8 % during team lifting ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A further 12 patients , six with spinal trauma lesion and six healthy , received i.t. bupivacaine and 150 micro g of i.m. clonidine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: MI delivered by providers and RDs ( group 3 ) resulted in statistically significant reductions in BMI percentile .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Smokers who initially preferred the spray or inhaler were heavier smokers than those who preferred the gum or patch .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Prophylactic cranial irradiation ( PCI ) was administered to patients with a complete response .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Recurrence rate was similar at 5 years .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Fluvoxamine was significantly more likely to reduce pain intensity ( p = .01 ) and normalize urinary flow rates ( p = .03 ) with a clinically significant number needed to treat value of 1.5 ( confidence interval = 1.12 to 5.50 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Azithromycin concentrations are similar in GCF from gingivitis sites and healthy sites , suggesting that the processes that regulate GCF azithromycin concentration can compensate for local inflammatory changes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Intensity-modulated RT resulted in greater conformity to the PTV ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Extravascular retention of infused fluid was taken as the difference between the model-predicted elimination and the urinary excretion .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Furthermore , osteoporosis is associated with decreased strength and deficits of gait and balance , all together resulting in an increased risk of falls and a subsequent aggravation of fracture risk .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: There is increasing interest in the use of a weekly administration of docetaxel as a way of reducing its hematologic toxicity .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Counseling sessions included a 20-minute , interactive , computer-based intervention using a touchscreen format .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Adverse events , mainly local injection site reactions , occurred in both groups with equal frequency .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Using a generalised estimation equation to control several confounding variables , the changes in mean PSQI were found to be significantly lower in the intervention group ( = -2.24 , standard error = 0.38 , p < 0.001 ) than in the control group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Need for oxytocin augmentation of labor occurred more commonly in the dinoprostone group ( 72.6 % ) than in the misoprostol group ( 45.7 % ) ( p < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In this model , we identified the induction of parasite-specific pluripotent effector memory T cells producing interferon-gamma , tumor necrosis factor alpha , and interleukin-2 as a promising immunologic marker of protection .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Ibuprofen arginate is a salt formulation of ibuprofen designed to reach target concentrations rapidly .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The cavities were restored with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose and Z100 and were finished immediately before being stored for 3 months in thymol solution at 37 degrees C. Following thermocycling between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C for 240 cycles and a further 12 hrs storage , the teeth were immersed in a 2 % aqueous solution of methylene blue for 24 hrs .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Biochemical parameters ( hemoglobin , serum albumin , iron stores , etc. ) and serum IL-6 , IL-10 , TNF - , and hs-CRP levels were measured at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12 of the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Median age was 67 ( range 45-81 ) , there were 32 male and 41 female , histology subtype : squamous/adenocarcinoma/mixed / NOS = 42 % / 49 % / 4 % / 5 % .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Similar decreases in mandibular mobility occurred with wire and rigid fixation of a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy after surgery .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Additional samples were obtained 30 min after the start of surgery ( T ( 1 ) ) , and 60 min after the end of surgery ( T ( 2 ) ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Change in haemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , fructosamine , insulin , C-peptide , albumin , and lipids were measured , and safety was evaluated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study was a school-based prospective cohort study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A randomized , controlled , prospective clinical trial was designed to find out these effects after local infiltration of different concentrations and/or different dosages of adrenaline during FESS under general anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Salbutamol up-regulated MMP-9 and down-regulated TIMP-1 / -2 secretion in vitro by distal lung epithelial cells .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01254981 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To investigate the effect of ventilation with 100 % oxygen on lung injury associated with surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: t Test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney test or Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data were performed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Uterine tachysystole or hypertonus occurred more frequently in the PGE2 arm ( 9.7 % vs 0 % , P = .0007 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A safe and effective immunosuppressive agent that does not predispose to viral infection is needed in transplantation .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Treatment efficacy was assessed after 1 and 3 months of combination therapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: MRI-measured SM and DXA-measured lean body mass were significantly correlated , but as expected the absolute values were different at baseline [ = -28.4 kg ( 95 % CI : -35.4 to -21.3 kg , P < 0.05 ) ] .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Statistical analysis in 2 x 2 two-way analysis of variance models with two treatments ( placebo and unoprostone isopropyl ) and two assessments ( baseline and after 1 week of treatment ) as within-subject factors disclosed a lack of difference between eyes , between the treatment ( placebo/unoprostone isopropyl ) periods , and between baseline and after 1 week of treatment in corneal temperature , choroidal blood flow , and optic nerve blood flow .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The uninsured had the lowest current testing rate .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant change of serum total , HDL - and LDL-cholesterol after the three-month treatment of gemfibrozil .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Written informed consent was obtained after ethics committee approval .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , increased ( gastrointestinal ) bleeding was observed at the doses previously tested for this combination in heart valve prostheses .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In contrast , the structured group increased its hard increased ( P < 0.01 ) for both groups by 0.25 kcal.kg-1 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In postmenopausal women with hormonally sensitive ABC , anastrozole should be considered as the new standard first-line treatment .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The study population had a mean age of 61 + / - 11 years , with 22 ( 73 % ) being men .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Time-dependent Cox regression analysis also revealed no statistical predictive value for microalbuminuria ( hazard ratio 1.29 , 95 % CI 0.37-4 .39 , p = 0.68 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Two randomised groups of 150 volunteers were followed up for two years after harvesting the semitendinosus only ( 25 ) or the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons ( 25 ) in ACL reconstruction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: CM lag times and the area under the curve ( AUC ) of CD were determined under oxidative stress .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The family caregivers of 623 SCID-diagnosed patients enrolled in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness ( CATIE ) randomly assigned to a first-generation antipsychotic ( perphenazine ) or one of four second-generation drugs ( olanzapine , quetiapine , risperidone or ziprasidone ) were interviewed about resources provided and stresses experienced at baseline and followed for 18 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Three subjects withdrew prior to retrieval and one subject did not have a transfer from vitrified oocytes .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for sharing. I've committed this to memory.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>Please study these classification instances and their labels:\n\nSample: Median PFS was 3.5 months for patients in the amrubicin arm and 2.2 months for patients in the topotecan arm .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was no significant difference in development of PEP among patients in the early NKS group ( 20.5 % ) vs standard cannulation ( 17.6 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: A series of neck dissections ( ND ) performed for SCCA of the head and neck was retrospectively reviewed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In a large multinational randomized trial ( OPERA ) , perioperative fish oil supplementation did not reduce the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation ( PoAF ) in cardiac surgery patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The small mean benefit was lower than the MCID .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Avoiding surgical factors associated with postoperative neurological deterioration and directing investigative efforts at developing improved neuroprotection for use in aneurysm surgery may significantly improve long-term neurological outcomes in patients with SAH .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Compared with bare metal stents , drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis in noncomplex lesions .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The results of the present study indicate that cumulus cell removal 4 h post-insemination may increase the percentage of tripronuclear zygotes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Captopril-assigned patients were also less likely to require cardiac revascularization procedures ( P = .010 ) , but hospitalization for unstable angina was unaltered .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean time to 7-mm pupil size was no statistically significant difference between the two methods ( Method A 46.47 min , Method B 46.58 min ; p = 0.894 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There was a significant difference in knee stability between the two groups ( in favor of Non-ir-Allo ) , but no differences in functional scores should be pointed out clearly .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: No association was found between SCD and total caffeine intake ( mg/d ) or cups of caffeinated coffee , decaffeinated coffee , and caffeinated tea .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The difference in eradication rates between the three groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.419 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: When all treatment-related resource use in clinical practice for 88 patients was included the costs were estimated at [ symbol : see text ] 1924 and [ symbol : see text ] 3264 for PLFT and TURP , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Low-income women have high rates of smoking during pregnancy , but little is known about the costs , benefits , and cost-effectiveness of motivational interviewing ( MI ) , focused on the medical and psychosocial needs of this population , as an intervention for smoking cessation and relapse prevention .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: After a 24-hour continuous infusion of uniformly labeled carbon 13 glucose ( U - ( 13 ) C ( 6 ) ) glucose , we measured ( 13 ) C enrichment in surfactant phosphatidylcholine ( PC ) in tracheal aspirate samples using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Over 23 % of students did not know that mature red blood cells do not have cell nuclei and a similar number of them answered that humans have 500,000 erythrocytes in 1 mm3 of blood .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: None of the tested protocols significantly altered the lipidic profile of this group of patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients ( n = 89 ) were prescribed a low-fat low-calorie diet and were randomly allocated to receive orlistat 120 mg three times daily ( O group ) , micronized fenofibrate 200mg/day ( F group ) or both ( OF group ) for 6 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serum creatinine , haematocrit , race , and kidney pathology data emerged as independent predictors of renal insufficiency .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients who had presented with ischemic chest pain within the previous 24 hours and who had either electrocardiographic changes indicative of ischemia ( but not persistent ST-segment elevation ) or high serum concentrations of creatine kinase MB isoenzymes were enrolled in the study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Eighteen healthy subjects of both sexes aged 18 to 55 were randomized to administration of either : [ a ] a single capsule of Carbolithium Once-A-Day ( 600 mg ) , or [ b ] standard Carbolithium 300 mg b.i.d. Subjects were crossed over following a 15-day washout period .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Cotrimoxazole should be discontinued as drug of choice because of high failure rates .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: NTx concentrations changed over time ( time and time squared ; P < 0.01 for both ) and were greater in the protein group than in the carbohydrate group ( P = 0.04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Plasma cholinesterase activity was measured before induction and 30 min after metoclopramide or saline injection .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Changes in heart rate ( HR ) , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) were measured before and 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , and 10 min after tracheal extubation or LMA removal when the patients were awake .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The reductions were similar in the drug-cognitive therapy group and in subjects who received the drug alone .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Forty patients with chronic intermediate , posterior , or panuveitis associated cystoid macular edema were randomized into a masked , cross-over trial comparing acetazolamide versus placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtherid and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic when combined with either MRC-5 - or Vero cell-derived inactivated poliovirus vaccine .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Both techniques used in the current study proved to be effective in reducing the recurrence rate after excision of primary nasal pterygium with minimal postoperative complications .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Salt loading or calcium intake had no significant effect on urinary magnesium excretion .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring glucose control in indigent women with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) over the Internet .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Patients were contacted by postal questionnaire at a minimum of 3 years postoperatively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Survival status and cause of death were obtained from the National Death Index .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: On average the peak plasma concentration of quinidine increased to 1.6-fold ( p < 0.05 ) , and the area under the concentration-time curve of quinidine increased to 2.4-fold ( p < 0.01 ) by itraconazole .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The serum epoetin delta concentration peaked after 10.9 hours with subcutaneous administration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Over a mean follow-up period of 256.6 days , there was a significant difference in AVNRT recurrence between cryoablation and RF patients ( 15 versus 3.4 % , p = 0.03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Postoperatively , maximum dopamine dose ( 3.35 + / -2.27 microg/kg/min versus 5.49 + / -2.30 microg/kg/min , p < 0.05 ) and peak plasma creatine kinase-myocardial band ( CK-MB ) ( 21.7 + / -7.2 IU/L versus 28.8 + / -8.4 IU/L , p < 0.05 ) were lower in Group M. Early postoperative echocardiography revealed a lower incidence of paradoxical ventricular septal motion ( M versus C ; 3 versus 10 , p < 0.05 ) and greater left ventricular ejection fraction ( M versus C ; 70.7 + / -4.0 % versus 67.0 + / -5.3 % , p < 0.05 ) in Group M.\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with compromised ventricular function , insufficient surgical repair , arrhythmia or an ECG unable to detect myocardial ischemia were excluded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the diet-only group , TNFalpha diminished at 6 months , P = 0.046 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to calculate the correlations between parameters .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>Thanks for the update. I've recorded these facts."]
[{"question": "Sentence: Annual and total mortality , distribution by sex , loss in life expectancy , mean age at death , and cumulative probability of survival were analyzed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: This randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , prospective clinical study received institutional review board approval .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Compliance with the moxibustion protocol was acceptable with no reported side effects .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To determine the efficacy of divalproex ( extended release ) in the treatment of acute nonrefractory bipolar depression .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , aquatic exercise has significantly less adverse effects compared with a land-based programme .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients with severe endoscopic/radiological disease were significantly more likely to be or become symptomatic than those with minimal disease ( 23 of 32 vs. 8 of 19 , respectively ; P = 0.0437 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: After completion of the adhesive application , a nanofilled sealant , Grandio Seal , was applied and light-cured .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: From March 2004 to December 2005 , 24 patients from our consecutive liver resection series were enrolled in the present study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients experiencing an adverse event during follow-up had a comparable change in PHS but a significantly smaller change in MHS , compared with those without an adverse event .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: We conducted a multicenter , cluster-randomized , nonblinded crossover trial to evaluate the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths on the acquisition of MDROs and the incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The ratio of n-6 and n-3 maybe do not acutely influence the postprandial metabolism , inflammatory response and endothelial function , but the low n-3 meal can strengthen the difference between HTG and HC group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Our qualitative analysis focused on elucidating the narrative context in which inquiries are made , how physicians construct their inquiries , and how they respond to a patient 's denial of suicidality .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: CGMS can provide information on trends in glucose control , and guidance on the need for blood glucose assessment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Laser therapy represents an effective treatment in the therapeutic arsenal of microcrystalline arthropathies .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Evidence-based approaches are needed to improve the delivery of specialized palliative care .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: One recommended treatment is a strengthening exercise of the quadriceps muscle , which may be performed in closed or open kinetic chains .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We evaluated subcutaneous golimumab induction therapy in TNF - antagonist-nave patients with moderate-to-severe UC despite conventional treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study was designed to determine if administration of clonidine in hernia patients enhances analgesia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 180 female office workers , aged 25 to 53 yr , with chronic neck pain and disability were randomized into a strength-training , an endurance-training , and a control group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Each tutorial was made up of between 33 and 85 screens of information that include text , graphics , animations , and questions .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The safety/tolerability profiles of the treatments were similar across the strata .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Similarly , catheter survival was not significantly different between the groups ( p > 0.6 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Fallopian sperm perfusion does not improve the chances of pregnancy in patients with infertility other than those with unexplained infertility .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The treatment group received 2 weekly 45-minute cognitive behavioral interventions via Internet over a 5-week period ( 10 sessions in total ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: All 62 patients in group A received 1 g of ceftriaxone intravenously 1-2 h before surgery with the anaesthetic premedication , the 65 in group B receiving none .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: 8-hydroxy-2 ' - deoxyguanosine staining was significantly reduced in the low-dose group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In this prospective , controlled study , all patients with aSAH classified as WFNS grade III who underwent coil placement at our institution were divided randomly into 2 groups : the EVD group and the LD group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The mean improvement in dysphagia score was -2.10 points for the fluoroscopic group versus -1.50 points for the blinded group ( p = 0.057 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Significant increases in the duration of weaning of ventilatory support were observed in patients who received pancuronium ( median , 180 min ; range , 50-780 min ) compared with the rocuronium group ( median , 110 min ; range , 45-250 min ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Reanalysis of data following the removal of possible outlier values from 1 horse resulted in a significant difference in Tmax between horses with and without prolonged nasogastric tube placement .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: With 95.6 % angiographic follow-up , primary stenting resulted in a 44 % reduction in failed patency ( 10.9 % versus 19.5 % , P = 0.024 ) and a 45 % reduction in clinically driven target-vessel revascularization at 6 months ( 15.4 % versus 8.4 % , P = 0.03 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the study group , 10-20 ml of autologous venous blood was drawn by the anesthesist and transferred to the operation team .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The appearance rate of predictive saccades ( with the latency of saccade < 80 ms ) in the PD group was 21 % , significantly lower than that in the control group ( 31 % , P = 0.003 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Thirty-six inpatients and outpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV ) and a score > or = 18 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAM-D-17 ) were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of treatment with mirtazapine ( 30 mg/day ) or fluoxetine ( 20 mg/day ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Plasma antioxidant capacity increased significantly after high dose of red wine ( 27.5 + / -14.7 % , p < 0.001 ) , but not after de-alcoholized red wine ( 0.5 + / -10.5 % , p = NS ) despite similar amounts of phenolic substances .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In contrast , for the Feedback group , combining active training and driving-specific feedbacks increased the frequency of blind spot inspection by 100 % ( 32.3 to 64.9 % of verification before changing lanes ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Comparison of mean differences ( pretest score-posttest score ) showed significant differences in heart rate , respiratory rate , systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as well as the Chinese version of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale , but not in SaO ( 2 ) among the three groups ( ranging from p < 0.001 to p = 0.007 ) , of which greater mean differences were found in music listening group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Glucose was monitored every 1 to 2 hours , and the protocol treatments continued for up to 72 hours .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Preservation of the azygos vein maintains the normal venous drainage of mediastinum and hence decreases the postoperative chest congestion and pneumonitis in the postoperative period in cases of congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula , so it should be preserved whenever possible .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Further studies using a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the results of the present study .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Permanent optic capture was achieved in 14 eyes , and 26 eyes had no optic capture .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: These findings may facilitate the use of clinically derived human dental pulp and odontoblasts for endodontic research .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Fourteen subjects had benign diagnoses on biopsy specimens .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Sphincterotomy does not seem to be necessary for placement of 10F-PS in patients with malignant common bile duct obstruction .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , the passiflora plus clonidine group showed a significant superiority over clonidine alone in the management of mental symptoms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Pre-surgical planning was aided by cone-beam computed tomography .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In elderly persons frailty and malnutrition are very common and can lead to serious health hazards such as increased mortality , morbidity , dependency , institutionalization and a reduced quality of life .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Measurements were performed at baseline and after 4 weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for determination of the factors related to delayed bleeding .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The evidence supports the conclusion that the WW intervention added benefit to traditional care for depression .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Usual care participants had a 30-minute rest on 3 consecutive days .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: We evaluated the effectiveness of these tools compared with the standard approach of a hypertension information leaflet on BP-related knowledge , attitudes and behaviours of hypertensive family practice patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The Lysholm scores were compared between the two groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the PCV group at RU2 , it was 402.4 + / - 105 and 389.6 + / - 114 , respectively , and there were no significant differences between the groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Perioperative data and short-term outcome have been reported previously .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The analysis of data demonstrates poor inter - ( K = -0.19 ) and intraexaminer reliability ( K = -0.14 ( - ) +0.29 ) the test for independence for valid muscle testing was strong for both examiners ( p = .462 , p = 1.00 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A larger proportion of women than men , 110 ( 63 % ) versus 79 ( 41 % ) , found the procedure very or moderately uncomfortable ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Supplemented groups had higher Bayley mental and psychomotor development scores at 118 weeks PMA than did the control group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The primary end points were Rankin grade , neurological score , and mobility at 12 months .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: That continuous infusion of the incisional wound with 0.5 % bupivacaine did not confer additional analgesia over PCA morphine after abdominal hysterectomy\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: It is concluded that GA combined with TEA-M ( 2 mg/kg ) do not affect arterial oxygenation during OLV in thoracic surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Physical Component Summary ( PCS ) scores at Week 12 for both groups improved from baseline and were significantly lower than US population scores ( 43.5 combination , 39.4 MTX , 49.4 US norm ; p < 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Mechanisms of mitral valve regurgitation after atrioventricular septal defect repair are unclear .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Any side effects during the procedure and recovery were also noted .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Eyes treated with CAIs as a part of the ocular hypotensive therapy yielded a significantly greater IOP ( P = 0.0035 ) than those without CAIs in the therapeutic schema .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Aerobic exercise did not increase total plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) in the pre - or post-lunch periods ( all p > 0.1 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Non-compliance with positive airway pressure ( PAP ) limits the efficacy of the PAP therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The main outcome measures were the Global Clinical Judgments ( Consensus ) Scale , Children 's Psychiatric Rating Scale , Conners Teacher Questionnaire , Parent-Teacher Questionnaire , and the POMS .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The 9-month composite end point rate was equivalent for the SMART stent and Wallstent ( 6.9 % vs 5.9 % ) , with low rates of restenosis ( 3.5 % vs 2.7 % ) , death ( 2.0 % vs 0.0 % ) , and revascularization ( 2.0 % vs 4.0 % ) in the two groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Cost-effectiveness calculated as the ratio of the cost of hydrotalcite to that of esomeprazole ( per person/day ) was 35.3 % in the on-demand therapy .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The patients instilled 1 drop of either drug b.i.d. for 2 weeks before the surgery and were examined each day of the first week and then at weeks 1 , 2 , 4 and months 3 , 6 , and 12 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the efficacy of all types of spacers commonly available to children in India .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A phase I/II randomized controlled trial PedVacc 002 was conducted to determine the safety and immunogenicity of a single , low dose of MVA.HIVA vaccine delivered intramuscularly to healthy 20-week-old infants born to HIV-1-positive mothers in Nairobi , Kenya .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In addition to demographic data , the following parameters were recorded : type of tooth ( incisor/canine versus molar/premolar ) , length of the post in relation to root length ( percentage ) , extent of coronal tooth destruction ( percentage ) , ferrule height ( in millimeters ) , type of restoration ( fixed or removable partial denture ) , and presence of antagonistic contacts ( yes/no ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Short-term LGH therapy improves insulin sensitivity without inducing basal lipolysis and had no effect on cortisol metabolism and ectopic fat accumulation in GH-deficient adults .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Obstetricians discussed medication with 29.4 % of smokers at the postpartum visit ; 14.3 % of postpartum smokers used medication .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Objective measures of tear film indicated a difference between the lenses evaluated for PL-NITBUT and tear prism height , but not for wearing time or bulbar conjunctival hyperaemia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Tertiary referral , neonatal intensive care nursery in a university teaching hospital .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To study the independent and combined associations of diet and cardiorespiratory fitness with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: After a 1-month run-in placebo period on a lipid-lowering diet the patients were treated , in a double-blind manner , with either placebo ( n = 25 ) or pravastatin ( n = 25 ) for 6 months .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The time to first bowel movement was 56.27 + / -22.14 h in the gum-chewing group and 63.00 + / -26.34 in the control group ( p = 0.444 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The concentric ratio increased statistically in both groups after the treatments .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: There were no sedative effects on neural response or behavioral performance after epinastine administration .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: We have previously described gene-expression signatures that predict growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: The authors conducted a randomized Phase III trial of three treatment regimens for patients with residual , nonmeasurable , intra-abdominal metastatic disease after undergoing resection for primary colorectal carcinoma .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Surgery-induced massive weight loss does not interfere with sperm quality , while it increased the quality of sexual function , TT , FT and FSH and reduced PRL .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: We conducted a pilot randomized trial of ambulatory women aged 40 years and older with stress , urgency , or mixed-type incontinence .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: A numeric rating scale was used to record the parameters of pain related to the stimuli at baseline and after the treatment at intervals of 24 hours and 30 , 90 , and 180 days .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The clinical syndrome resolved more rapidly among recipients of the antivenom than among recipients of placebo , with a resolution of symptoms in all eight antivenom recipients versus one of seven placebo recipients within 4 hours after treatment ( P = 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the first group , the median of EVA was 1.44 , 1.34 , 1.72 and 1.51 respectively at 30 minutes , 1 , 6 and 12 hours .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The MNSI was performed by trained personnel at each of the 28 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications clinical sites .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 440 men at 58 centers throughout the United States and Canada participated in this randomized , placebo controlled , double-blind trial with 3 phases , namely baseline ( 4-week untreated period ) , treatment ( 12 weeks ) and followup ( 7 days ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Hypertriglyceridemia ( RR = 4.33 , 95 % CI = 1.96 to 9.53 ) , thromboembolic events ( RR = 1.63 , 95 % CI = 1.02 to 2.62 ) , and cardiac arrhythmia or atrial fibrillation ( RR = 1.73 , 95 % CI = 1.01 to 2.98 ) were also more frequent in the tamoxifen group than in the placebo group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The study group had an amnioinfusion of 0.9 % normal saline at 15 ml/min under continuous cardiotocographic monitoring , until a volume of 11 was completed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: After 6 months first group underwent 24 cores prostatic re-biopsy + 2 cores for PCI while after 3 months second group underwent two-cores prostatic for PCI .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , the full spectrum of potentially antiatherogenic mechanisms of PPAR-gamma agonists have not been fully tested in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Although our data are encouraging , the in vivo efficacy of combined enoxaparin and AT prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous TE in children with ALL should be evaluated in a prospective randomized clinical trial .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: There were no differences in time to initiate feeding between the two groups ( P = 0.81 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: As compared with TPM-IR , USL255 provided equivalent plasma exposure with an extended absorption profile .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The reduction in 24 h blood pressure with 5 mg lercanidipine ( 6 + / -7 / 4 + / -5 mmHg ) was significantly greater compared with placebo for diastolic pressure only , and when hourly average blood pressure changes were considered , this reduction did not extend to the final hours of the dosing interval .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}]