["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>Here are some examples with classification labels to remember:\n\nSample: The maximal values of SBP , HR and RPP during the observation ( from the beginning of intravenous anesthetic induction to 5 minutes after intubation ) were significantly higher than their preinduction values ( P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with HAE experience intermittent attacks of edema affecting the oropharynx , abdomen , gastrointestinal tract , and limbs .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Patients with MCNS were randomly assigned to two groups , the risedronate ( 2.5 mg/day ) + alfacalcidol ( 0.25 g/day ) group ( n = 20 ) and the alfacalcidol ( 0.25 g/day ) - alone group ( n = 20 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The total expected cost per patient not using amlodipine was $ 6,519.37 ( US$ 4,405 ) in Canada and kr 64,292.17 ( US$ 7,337 ) in Norway .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Primary efficacy variable was corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response ( ACPR ) rate on day 28 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study reports that aside from prophylaxis , which more than 85 % of the patients had received , about one-third of the patients overall received preventive services consisting of either sealants or some type of fluoride treatment in private dental practices in the Northwest PRECEDENT network .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A total of 39 patients ( 19 intervention , 20 control ) were recruited over 18 months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Five professionals and five laypersons evaluated each subject 's residual cleft-related facial deformity using clinical assessment , two-dimensional color transparencies , and three-dimensional images .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To compare outcome following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer ( IVF-ET ) using controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH ) regimens using either the gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH ) agonist leuprolide acetate vs the GnRH antagonist ganirelix .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: There is current interest in the maternal-fetal effects of antenatal vitamin D supplementation , yet little data regarding vitamin D 's role in neonatal calcium homeostasis .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: In a double-blind manner , group I patients ( n = 20 ) received intravenous edrophonium 1 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg for reversal when T1 was at 10 % recovery whereas patients in Group II ( n = 20 ) received placebo in the same manner .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary analyses examined changes in LV end-systolic volume index and ejection fraction as well as markers of collagen turnover .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Everolimus did not improve overall survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma whose disease progressed during or after receiving sorafenib or who were intolerant of sorafenib .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Assessments included the difference in cumulated overall symptom load of any GI complaint during treatment ( primary endpoint ) , proportion of days without GI symptoms , and influence of risk factors such as gender , age , alcohol consumption , smoking , Helicobacter pylori status , and GNB3 genotype SNP rs5443 ( 825C > T ) on symptom load .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In addition to routine pancreatic diagnostic work-up , a multidimensional psychometric quality-of-life questionnaire and and a pain score were used .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The patients were randomly divided into two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This prospective , randomized , double-blind clinical trial included 99 patients ( 120 median nerves ) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of CTS .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Percent body fat was 1.9 % lower while using the treadmill desk ( p = 0.02 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were stratified to age < or = 50 or > 50 , and KPS > or = 90 or < or = 80 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The women will be randomised between a single ( vaginal or abdominal ) and a double cerclage .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study demonstrates the potential reach of a carefully implemented intervention in a high-risk , non-treatment-seeking population group .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: GH replacement in abdominally obese men improves body composition , including liver fat , mitochondrial function , and markers of CV risk .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Two-sided CIs and one-sided P values for planned comparisons were calculated .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) level and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 ) were measured and body mass index ( BMI ) was calculated before and 1 , 2 and 3 months after treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Daily number of bowel movements changed from a median of 7 ( interquartile range [ IQR ] , 5-10 ) the day prior to FMT to 2 ( IQR , 1-2 ) after the infusion .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The Marcus Gunn test was able to identify the affected eye in only 8 of 14 patients , whereas the alternating light test correctly identified the affected eye in 13 of 14 patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The most frequently reported adverse events during the study were increased eosinophil count ( 8 patients ) , nausea ( 7 ) , somnolence ( 6 ) , dyskinesia ( 5 ) , yawning ( 5 ) , and decreased blood pressure ( 3 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: As knowledge of these short-term and long-term consequences of critical illness has come to light , interventions to prevent and rehabilitate these devastating consequences have been sought .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The mean recurrent endometrioma diameter at first observation was significantly lower in cyclic ( 2.17 + / - 0.45 cm ) and continuous users ( 1.71 + / - 0.19 cm ) compared with nonusers ( 2.73 + / - 0.56 cm ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Peak plasma drug concentrations for rizatriptan and its n-monodesmethyl metabolite increased 1.4-fold ( 90 % CI , 1.11-1 .80 ) and 2.6-fold ( 90 % CI , 2.23-3 .14 ) , respectively , and half-lives of both were prolonged .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: From 28 , randomly recruited , 8-year-old boys , first 14 were assigned to the milk group and next 14 to the meat group .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: They were randomly assigned to receive : Self-Administered Mailed Questionnaire [ SAMQ ; N = 202 ] , Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview [ CATI ; N = 200 ] , or Computer-Assisted Self-Interview [ CASI ; N = 197 ] .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the TPN group , 3 patients developed respiratory failure and 3 developed non-respiratory single organ failure .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients who achieved a partial response or had stable disease through week 48 were eligible for re-treatment using the same protocol and dose as their initial treatment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Efficacy end points included trough ( 24 h postdose ) FEV ( 1 ) at 52 weeks , exacerbations , and health status ( St. George Respiratory Questionnaire [ SGRQ ] ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Ninety-six patients with myopia between -0.75 and -5.00 D were randomized to either radial keratotomy ( n = 46 ) or photorefractive keratectomy ( n = 50 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At the EOT visit , for cefdinir and amoxicillin/clavulanate , respectively , intent-to-treat ( ITT ) clinical cure rates were 82 % ( 129/158 ) and 85 % ( 134/158 ) ( p = 0.547 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] -11.7 to 5.4 ) and per-protocol cure rates were 82 % ( 123/150 ) and 90 % ( 129/143 ) ( p = 0.045 ; 95 % CI -16.4 to 0.0 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Systemic vascular resistance index and respiratory index and intubation time were significantly lower in the tepid group than in the hypothermic group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial ( n = 149 ) of a decision aid in women attending their primary care practitioners with menorrhagia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The clinical relevance of an apparent decrease in MUAC associated with zinc supplementation is yet to be ascertained .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: SLT is safe in TT .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>Please learn from these labeled classification instances:\n\nSample: A new instrument to measure breathing movements , Respiratory Movement Measuring Instrument ( RMMI ) , has been developed .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: After successful coronary stenting during elective or emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty , 700 patients with 899 lesions were randomly assigned to receive a 4-week course of either 500 mg ticlopidine ( n = 345 ) or 75 mg clopidogrel ( n = 355 ) , in addition to 100 mg aspirin .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To assess whether upper arm ischaemia influences exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia and platelet activation in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Acid suppression is the mainstay of therapy in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Blinded randomisation was performed by the pharmacy ; all participants , researchers performing the measurements and those assessing study outcomes were blinded .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Classic cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors were the strongest predictors of MI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with STEMI ( n = 395 ) treated with primary angioplasty or thrombolysis in the setting of a randomised clinical trial were enrolled in the study .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Although there was no difference in the bioavailability between NG ( AUC infinity : 38.0 [ range 20.1 to 48.5 ] microg x h/mL ) and intravenous ( AUC infinity : 39.5 [ range 24.1 to 63.1 ] microg x h/mL , p = .60 ) gatifloxacin ( bioavailability : 98.5 % [ range 61.1 % to 119.7 % ] ) , a wide variability was observed in three of eight patients ( > 30 % reduction in bioavailability ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary study outcome was the percentage of patients exiting randomized treatment due to adverse events .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Racial disparities in cessation are wider at older ages .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Three-month , randomized , parallel group , evaluator-masked , multicenter study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Timed blood samples were taken on days 1 , 7 , and 20 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: If administered by means of gel , the same amount of lidocaine gives significantly higher intracameral levels of lidocaine , better analgesia , better patient cooperation , and less need for intraoperative supplemental anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: During the 24-week extension , all patients ( n = 309 ) received open-label omalizumab in addition to other asthma medications .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To describe the psychometric properties and identify the minimally important difference ( MID ) of the hepatitis C virus patient-reported outcomes ( HCV-PRO ) instrument .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: To retrospectively analyze the effects of different ventilation modes on pulmonary function during minor operation of general anesthesia with streamlined liner of the pharynx airway ( SLIPA ) laryngeal mask and assess its safety of spontaneous respiration during general anesthesia .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Improvements in depression and trauma symptoms , externalizing behaviors ( GAIN ) , and vigor ( POMS ) were found for the treatment group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This could facilitate earlier therapeutic exercise after injury , potentially allowing for a quicker return to activity .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Systemic and social quality of life improved with naltrexone treatment ( P = 0.035 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No statistically significant differences were observed for any outcome .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare a transdermal nicotine patch designed for 24-hour wear with one designed for 16-hour wear for relief of craving and withdrawal , particularly in the morning hours .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: On the LA diet , saturated fat was reduced , and PUFA from walnuts and walnut oil provided 16.4 % of energy ( 12.6 % LA , 3.6 % ALA ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Early monitoring of patients on atypical antipsychotics can possibly play an important role in early detection and hence prevention of the metabolic syndrome .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Posttreatment quit status after treatment , defined as a participant report of 7 or more days of continuous abstinence and an exhaled carbon monoxide level of 3 ppm or less .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A cost-effectiveness analysis showed both the heparins to be similar .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary outcome measure was total hip bone mineral density ( BMD ) ; secondary measures were BMD at other sites and biochemical markers of bone remodeling .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The SF-36 and the SPEQ questionnaires .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Ten-hertz square waves of 1-ms pulse duration were used .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Treatment has been unified in the middle of 1980 in the Czech Republic .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Both groups presented improvements after therapies ( p < 0.05 ) ; however , no inter-group differences could be seen in any single parameter ( p > 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Hormone therapy ( HT ) is one the best options for climacteric symptom control ; however when women are switched to raloxifene , after several years of HT , they restart with symptoms .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The present study was designed to evaluate if US guidance for 3-in-1 blocks reduces the amount of local anesthetic compared to NS guidance .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Possible predictors of monitoring weekly in the first month after receiving a monitor : age , gender , ethnicity , cognition , anxiety , disability , ability to monitor blood pressure unaided and smoking .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Because of the progressive shortage in general practitioners , further growth is expected in the number of patients visiting the ED without consulting a general practitioner first .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The five groups were treated with seven courses .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There were also a significant decrease in the mean number of capillary blood glucose tests performed in the study group compared to the control group ( 10.03 + / - 5.04 vs 12.34 + / - 5.96 ; p = 0.048 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: MPH differentially affected two forms of impulsivity in children with ADHD and failed to ameliorate their poor decision-making on the information sampling test .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: This study shows that ketotifen increases the threshold for discomfort in patients with IBS with visceral hypersensitivity , reduces IBS symptoms and improves health-related quality of life .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The mean weight change was -1.44 ( SD 0.4 ) kg in the app group and -0.128 ( SD 0.36 ) kg in the control group ( P = .03 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The elderly esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy are increasing now .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The 90 % confidence interval of the ratio between them was in all cases within the 0.8 , 1.25 range .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: LY2189265 , given to overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes for 16 weeks in combination with OAMs , was relatively well tolerated and significantly reduced A1c , blood glucose and body weight .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Ten men and 4 women living in the community were recruited from locations throughout the United Kingdom .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: At day 56 , serum 25OHD increased ( mean SEM ) by 25.3 1.8 vs 5.2 2.5 nmol/L in FY ( n = 29 ) and CY ( n = 27 ) , respectively ( P < .0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Further work should be done to develop more effective interventions .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>I have some labeled classification examples for you to study:\n\nSample: There were no statistically significant differences between the risk ratio for tubular adenomas and that for other types of polyps .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This paper aims to describe the characteristics of physicians and interventions of a large , multicenter randomized trial of acupuncture for migraine ( ART Migraine ) in order to enable acupuncturists to assess the study interventions .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: There was no statistical difference in implementation of therapeutic lifestyle changes ( smoking cessation , cardiac rehabilitation , or exercise ) between groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Treatment failures leading to catheter removal occurred in 9 of 33 in the experimental group and 9 of 30 in the control population ( no significant difference ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Participants in Vancouver , with higher aerobic fitness , more advanced disease stage , and lower depression , achieved better adherence .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The novel teaching tool evaluated in this study is simple , easily reproducible , and low-cost .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Mild arthralgia was the most common persistent symptom .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The control group received only routine treatments in the hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Further research should assess the infective and other impacts of prolonged usage .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: It minimizes patients ' complaints and helps in achieving better cooperation during cataract surgery .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Nicotine increased heart rate and subjective ratings indicative of aversive effects , and decreased reaction times .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: High-risk patients received endoscopic hemostasis .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The mean reductions in the social phobia subscale of the Marks Fear Questionnaire and in the total score on the Brief Social Phobia Scale were 32.6 % and 34.3 % in the sertraline group and 10.8 % and 18.6 % in the placebo group , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Routine endodontic therapy was performed in 48 patients with necrotic , single-rooted , single-canal teeth .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This acute attention response may come at a psychological cost , given that it correlates with post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) symptoms .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In Phase 1 , all pts were submitted to a diet with 2 g of salt during 7 days , followed by randomization in 2 subgroups ( Phase 2 ) : one to receive 6 g of salt ( subgroup 1 ) and the other , 2 g of salt/day for 7 days ( subgroup II ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A randomized trial was conducted in which patients with back and neck pain , visiting a general practitioner , were allocated to chiropractic or physiotherapy .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Pragmatic trials within a busy working environment are possible and informative .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Altering negative attitudes associated with ageism may be possible by giving people accurate information about older people in conjunction with reinforcement for change .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A preemptive femoral nerve blockade , although safe , does not provide significant clinical benefit in this patient population to justify its routine use .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , there was no difference for accelerated patients ( P > 0.05 ) , which may demonstrate a faster return to knee loading patterns typically observed in unaffected subjects .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients were randomized to receive intravenous morphine sulfate or a fascia iliaca compartment nerve block using ropivacaine ( Naropin ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Only 4.5 % of patients in the SAM group and 3.9 % in the LR group discontinued prematurely for possible adverse reactions related to estradiol .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Similarly , significant results in favour of SFC for oscillometry measurements of resistance and reactance were observed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Median PASI scores at the end of 10 weeks were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone treatment groups as compared to the placebo-treated group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We measured changes in weight from baseline to 6 and 48 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The elderly are at an increased risk of poor nutritional status which is mutually interacting with functional status .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen and respiratory system compliance were higher ( P < .001 for both ) , whereas extravascular lung water index to predicted body weight and oxygenation index were lower ( P = .021 and .029 , respectively ) in HFO-TGI compared with conventional mechanical ventilation .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The authors studied the efficacy of valproate plus lithium and of triple therapy with lithium , carbamazepine , and valproate in refractory bipolar illness .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The objective of our study was to investigate the association of adverse clinical musculoskeletal and neurological events in healthy postpartum women with live attenuated ( RA27/3 strain ) rubella-virus vaccine , and to assess the frequency of acute and recurrent arthralgia and arthritis and associations with acute and recurrent muscle pain ( myalgia ) and neurological manifestations ( paraesthesias ) .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Complications were one in each group and both were managed with clinical treatment until the 21 ( th ) postoperative day .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This additional endpoint significantly improved patient outcomes after PVI .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: To compare the impact of three patient counselling strategies for lifestyle changes and to assess the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe on top of statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic high risk patients .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: This was a randomized , open-label , parallel-group , multicenter study conducted in subjects undergoing IVF .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study results encourage the implementation of patient participation in primary care of depression .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Sixty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were prospectively randomized into 2 groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The subjects received a supragingival prophylaxis to remove all plaque , calculus and extrinsic stain .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We randomly allocated 72 patients to receive either the laryngeal tube or an LMA , and compared adequacy of controlled ventilation during anaesthesia ( good : clear airway without complications ; fair ; clear airway with complications or suboptimal airway ; or failed ) , leak pressure and the incidence of postoperative complications .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: VAS pain , SF-36 pain and patient global VAS are valid outcome measures in patients with chronic gout .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The pilot investigation of a cluster of gastroschisis demonstrated success in recruiting participants and in collecting data and specimens for eventual inclusion in a pooled analysis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Cervicogenic headache , which is believed to be attributable to injury of the ligaments , muscles , or joints of the cervical spine , is centered in the occipital region with pain referred to the frontotemporal region .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Intention-to-treat mixed-effects analyses revealed significant treatment effects for the composite executive function measure ( P = .008 ) and theFrontal Systems Behavior Scale ( P = .049 ) and Problem Solving Inventory ( P = .016 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The iodine intake in the group of children who consumed school lunches regularly was 136 + / - 70.5 microg and in the group of children who did n't consume lunches in school - 102 + / - 59 microg ( p < 0.0001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Semen characteristics , sexual behavior , testicular volume , and sperm production efficiency were evaluated before treatment started and at 30-day intervals until 60 days after treatment ended .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was no statistically significant difference in terms of operation time between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) was used to assess and optimize stent deployment .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patient charts were reviewed for clinical and epidemiological data , including birth weight , gestational age , gender , age at start of lipid therapy , duration of parenteral nutrition , and type of intravenous access .\n\nLabels: 2\n<Assistant>I've successfully recorded all of this data.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>These are labeled examples for classification tasks:\n\nSample: Prospective , randomized , controlled study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: On completion of the high dairy intake phase , each participant was interviewed about their experience in the trial and responses were used to evaluate the key issues for study participants .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We recorded serum leptin or adiponectin in 845 men and 1110 women in 15 centres and also anthropometric measures of fatness including body mass index and waist/hip ratio , current asthma , and specific skin prick and IgE sensitisation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Spinal implant contamination .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To assess the effect of add-back therapy with continuous combined estrogen-progestin on the GnRH agonist-induced hypoestrogenic state and its effectiveness in healing of endometriotic lesions .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Our study included 90 male patients aged 18-60 years in American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status groups I or II who were scheduled for lower extremity surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: To date , there is limited psychometric evidence on the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ12 + ) among populations that include adolescents and adults .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Verapamil was more effective in both groups , with mean falls of 8.8 mm Hg ( 2.4 to 15.0 ) and 8.1 mm Hg ( 5.0 to 11.2 ) in black patients and 19.1 mm Hg ( 5.4 to 32.9 ) and 11.4 mm Hg ( 0.9 to 22.0 ) in white patients .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Randomized controlled pilot trial with 6 weeks ' follow-up .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Its easier application and more stable anticoagulation may make it the preferred drug for initiation of anticoagulation in this setting .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Brinzolamide twice daily plus timolol was also as efficacious as a combination of dorzolamide and timolol twice a day .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The lidocaine group had significantly less bleeding score than bupivacaine and prilocaine groups ( p < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We performed a single-center , prospective , randomized trial to evaluate 100 consecutive hand infections .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All patients took atorvastatin for 12 weeks .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: NAC treatment has renoprotective effect in patients with mild chronic renal failure undergoing coronary angiography that may be mediated in part by an increase in nitric oxide production .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Short-term change in kidney function as a surrogate outcome for `` hard '' clinical outcomes of mortality , morbidity , and length of hospitalization .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: 323 women with HIV infection and CD4 + cell counts of 300 cells/mm3 or less .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We conducted a multicentre , prospective , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase 3 study comparing the pollen extract ( Cernilton ) to placebo in men with CP/CPPS ( NIH IIIA ) attending urologic centres .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Ratings of perceived muscle soreness were also obtained 24 h after exercise .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: No significant differences were noted in DDD of the hands and SF-36 scores .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After consumption of the HS reference diet , the geometric mean ( SD ) PWV was 7.67 1.62 m/s , and mean percentages of changes ( 95 % CIs ) were -1.0 ( -6.2 , 4.3 ) with the HS diet , 2.7 ( -1.4 , 6.9 ) with the HM diet , and -1.0 ( -5.5 , 3.4 ) with the HC diet .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Total fat content and Vo ( 2peak ) improved in the LoMFT group only .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Radiostereometric analysis is a highly accurate , effective tool for investigating new implant designs .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Recent evidence has indicated that dietary polyphenols may modulate mitochondrial function , substrate metabolism and energy expenditure in humans .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Thus , we showed for the first time that a high level general-practice study of fatigue is feasible using specific tools .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A1C and prandial glucose area under the curve ( AUC ) ( 0-2 h ) were reduced similarly in both groups , whereas prandial insulin AUC ( 0-2 h ) increased to a greater extent by glimepiride .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We aim to increase the symbol rate of electroencephalography ( EEG ) based brain-computer interface ( BCI ) typing systems by utilizing context information .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Prospective , randomized , crossover , open-label , single-dose pharmacokinetic study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: FMD significantly improved with exercise training ( 7.35 % + / - 0.99 % , P < .05 ) in the obese group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There is a need to implement effective self-management programs among the growing number of adults with OA .\n\nLabels: 0\n<Assistant>I've successfully recorded all of this data.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>Please learn from these labeled classification instances:\n\nSample: Of these , 21 participants ( 42.0 % ) in the fluoxetine group relapsed , compared with 36 ( 69.2 % ) in the placebo group , a significant difference .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Single-centre , randomized , prospective , double-blinded comparison of bosentan and placebo .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was a significantly longer preparation time for the 2 % lidocaine/epinephrine/fentanyl mixture than for levobupivacaine ( median 145 s [ 120 , 200 ] vs. 60 s [ 44 , 60 ] P < 0.0009 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The pre - and post-treatment NIH-CPSI scores were ( 23.9 + / - 3.8 ) and ( 5.2 + / - 3.1 ) ( P < 0.01 ) in the treatment goup and ( 24.5 + / - 4.3 ) and ( 11.6 + / - 3.4 ) ( P < 0.01 ) in the control ; the pre - and post-treatment scores on NIH-CPSI pain symptoms were ( 16.5 + / - 1.9 ) and ( 3.1 + / - 2.2 ) ( P < 0.01 ) in the former and ( 15.9 + / - 1.7 ) and ( 8.2 + / - 2.0 ) ( P < 0.01 ) in the latter .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We also studied the side effects associated with the 2nd ATD after cessation of the 1st ATD .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Time to first post-operative analgesia , and pain levels at 1 h , at discharge , and at time of first analgesia .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Five patients had quadriplegia and remaining had paraplegia .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Brief motivational enhancement intervention delivered in an obstetrical outpatient setting did not conclusively decrease alcohol use during the postpartum period .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: After accounting for individual characteristics , we found clustering of 3.8 % while accounting for neighborhood characteristics resulted in 6.0 % clustering of BMI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Significant crusting and swelling were only reported with the 532 nm wavelength .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Initial failure of the suture device occurred in 5 patients , with 1 requiring surgery for an entrapped device .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the same way , it was observed that analgesic solicitation for the first time had a delay of 191 minutes in GI in comparison to GII .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ACTRN12606000174583 ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: After reversal of neuromuscular blockade and extubation , train-of-four ratio was measured every 5 min until the train-of-four ratio of 0.9 or greater was attained .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Only the GWL+SWA group achieved significant weight loss at month 9 compared to the Standard Care group ( P = 0.04 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Injectable penicillin and oral amoxicillin are equivalent for severe pneumonia treatment in controlled settings .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The DM-UMI was composed of four strategies ( intervention variables ) : improving diabetes knowledge , patient-provider communication , problem-solving and cognitive reframing , which were expected to reduce diabetes-related uncertainty ( outcome variable ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The authors genotyped 10 ABCB1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 683 patients with major depressive disorder treated for at least 2 weeks , of whom 576 completed 8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram , sertraline , or extended-release venlafaxine ( all substrates for P-glycoprotein ) in a large randomized , prospective , pragmatic trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Furthermore , a statistically significant increase in BAFF levels was noted in patients receiving etanercept , but not in those receiving placebo ( P = 0.01 and P = 0.56 , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for sharing. I've committed this to memory.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-06 00:00]\n<User>Please memorize these classification examples and their labels:\n\nSample: Replicas of the teeth were made before bonding ( T0 ) , after bracket removal ( T1 ) , and after cleanup ( T2 ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This was a planned secondary analysis of the PROMOTE-Pregnant Women and Infants Study , an open-label , randomized controlled trial comparing the risk of placental malaria among HIV-infected , ART-naive pregnant Ugandan women assigned to initiate LPV/r - or EFV-based ART at 12-28 weeks gestation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Direct measurement assessed BMI , skinfold thickness and waist-to-height-ratio .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The goal was to evaluate the degree to which a smoking prevention and cessation intervention was delivered by providers to adolescents in the pediatric office setting .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Further analysis showed significant improvement in motor proficiency in both the core stability ( mean change ( SD ) = 6.3 ( 5.4 ) ; p = 0.008 ) and task-oriented training groups ( mean change ( SD ) = 5.1 ( 4.0 ) ; P = 0.007 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Trial registration number NCT00160602 .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In 66 patients , sedation was performed without use of the bispectral index , while the index was used in the other 60 patients .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Ten healthy female volunteers aged 30-48 y with normal body mass indices participated in this study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Three hundred and seventy patients were randomly assigned in a phase III trial and allocated ( 2:1 ) to vinflunine ( 320 or 280 mg/m ( 2 ) ) plus BSC or BSC alone .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: In the CRT group , improvement of cardiac indices and BNP concentration were evident at medium term ( over 6 months ) follow-up , and these changes persisted on a longer term ( 12 months ) ( all P < 0.05 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: At the end of the 1st , 3rd , and 6th month of these maintenance treatments 24-h gastric pH-metry was repeated to assess the antisecretory effect of each regimen over time .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency ( CVID ) develops granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease ( GLILD ) , a restrictive lung disease associated with early mortality .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: A cross-sectional study was carried out between July and August 2007 among 209 pregnant women selected by systematic random sampling from antenatal care attendees at primary health care in a rural Local Government Area of Ekiti State , Nigeria .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Twelve children with asthma were studied in a double-blind , double-dummy , randomized , crossover , placebo-controlled design to compare the protective effect of salbutamol and a new pre-combined salbutamol/nedocromil formulation against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: During HCO-HD , albumin clearance was 1.9 ml/min at the start and decreased significantly to 0.8 ml/min at the end ; P = 0.008 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The outcomes included biochemically validated smoking cessation at 12 months ( primary outcome ) and changes in cardiovascular risk factor levels and Framingham risk score .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ( Coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive treatment of chronic heart failure : a randomised , double-blind , multicentre trial with focus on SYMptoms , BIomarker status [ Brain-Natriuretic Peptide ( BNP ) ] , and long-term Outcome [ hospitalisations/mortality ] ; ISRCTN94506234 ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: h-1 0.125 % bupivacaine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The mortality rate was 16 % in the HC group versus 40 % in the control group ( difference not significant ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no significant differences in the reproductive outcome in the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No case of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis happened in this study , while occult incidence of deep venous thrombosis happened in both groups , but no significant difference between the groups was confirmed .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the TDM group , voriconazole dosage was adjusted ( target range , 1.0-5 .5 mg/L ) according to the serum trough level measured on the fourth day after initiation of voriconazole .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patients were randomized to receive G-CSF 5 micro g/kg/day ( n = 38 , group A ) or 10 micro g/kg/day ( n = 39 , group B ) from day +1 to day +30 .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: All of the patients subsequently received sustained oral morphine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Histology-by-treatment interaction was tested with an unstratified multivariate Cox regression model .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Paroxetine , an FDA-approved medication to treat social anxiety disorder , reduces anxiety in individuals with co-occurring alcohol problems .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Not applicable .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary outcomes are patient-rated cosmesis and hernia-specific quality of life .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: No adverse events were reported .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patch treatment consisted of application of 3 consecutive 7-day patches followed by 1 patch-free week .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: From 1995 until 1998 , 2650 patients were included with 101 nonfatal major bleedings .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an improvement in iodine status on mental and psychomotor performance of schoolchildren ( 7-11 y ) who were moderately to severely iodine deficient .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: HD MVA was safe and well-tolerated .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: They perceived that their health had improved , but a subgroup was still acid-suppression dependent .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Other cancers were not associated with acrylamide intake .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Changes over 12 months in functional status and self rated health were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However , patients with mirtazapine exhibited earlier improvement in HARS scores at weeks 1 and 2 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: We conducted focus groups with clinicians who practice family medicine in a safety net clinic .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: For people choosing to start pharmacological prophylaxis , reduction in both LDL cholesterol and hsCRP are indicators of successful treatment with rosuvastatin .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The parameters recorded were pain , functional capacity , global satisfaction score , and adverse effects .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We analyzed data from a 3-week , randomized , placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine for acute mania in DSM-IV bipolar I patients , followed by open continuation treatment with olanzapine up to a year .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This method would provide a novel , reversible method of contraception for men , whose current choices are limited to condoms and vasectomy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Risk of developing cholesteatoma or perforation was higher with Millard cheiloplasty ( odds ratio = 5.1 , 95 % confidence interval = 1.44 to 18.11 , p = .012 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>Thanks for the information. I've saved it.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-07 00:00]\n<User>I'm sharing some classification data with labels for you to learn:\n\nSample: The primary outcome measure was a methamphetamine non-use week , which required all the week 's qualitative urine drug screens to be negative for methamphetamine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: During the first postoperative year , a difference regarding the control of reflux symptoms was observed in favor of the posterior fundoplication .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: ED ( 90 ) ( the AAI with a 90 % probability of acceptable intubation conditions ) was calculated as 8.5 ( CI 0-17 .5 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No significant intake-dependence was observed between 766 and 1791 mg .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In phase 1 , a platelet count that was within the targeted range ( 50,000 to 450,000 per cubic millimeter ) and at least twice the baseline count was achieved in 4 of 12 patients given 3 , 6 , or 10 mug of AMG 531 per kilogram .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Post hoc analyses suggested a possible association between higher baseline C-reactive protein levels or MRI sacroiliac joint inflammation scores and higher rates of ASAS40 response to etanercept .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This information suggests that while joint counts are the most specific measure to assess RA , their sensitivity to detect treatment effects in patients with RA is generally no greater , and usually less , than other measures .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Untreated patients with BCVA worse than 20/40 with intermediate - to late-stage preangiogenic AMD , soft drusen , and elevated blood factors were at risk for substantial visual loss .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The Cmax values observed following ivpb ( 11.2 + / - 1.5 mg/L ) and slow CRIS ( 10.9 + / - 0.9 mg/L ) administration were not significantly different from each other , but both were significantly lower than that of fast CRIS ( 13.4 + / - 1.5 mg/L ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: 32-month , single-blind , matched-pair , cluster-randomized controlled trial of Guided Care , conducted in eight community-based primary care practices .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A randomized clinical trial included patients with gastric cancer who underwent subtotal gastrectomy with either stapled ( 99 patients ) or handsewn gastroduodenostomy ( 98 patients ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: E-mail between patients and physicians may raise awareness about CRCS and allow physicians to answer questions about test options .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Between-group differences in changes in nutrient intake were assessed using an analysis of covariance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We randomly assigned 380 patients with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis to receive either 12 or 24 weeks of treatment with ABT-450 / r-ombitasvir ( at a once-daily dose of 150 mg of ABT-450 , 100 mg of ritonavir , and 25 mg of ombitasvir ) , dasabuvir ( 250 mg twice daily ) , and ribavirin administered according to body weight .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The patients were randomly divided into two groups by envelope method .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The comparison group received only the first three components .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Combining pretreatment and on-treatment measurements of vascularity can improve the performance of DCE-US to predict which patients will progress earlier versus later when on antiangiogenic therapy for mRCC .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: For overall QoL , there was a significant improvement from baseline for the xylometazoline and xylitol groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Stavudine is a promising antiretroviral agent , but its clinical efficacy has not been determined .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Available case analyses revealed a significant reduction in depression severity ( BDI ) , Cohen 's d = .64 ( CI 95 % = 0.33 - 0.94 ) , and significant improvement in social functioning ( WSA ) , Cohen 's d = .64 , 95 % ( CI 95 % = 0.33 - 0.95 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In the intervention group , 673 ( 97.7 % ) segments were grade 0 , and 16 ( 2.3 % ) were grade 1 .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The 2 groups were similar with respect to all studied variables except duration of spinal analgesia ( longer in group N , P < 0.001 ) ; VAS after 5 minutes ( lower in group N , P < 0.010 ) ; latency ( shorter in group N , P < 0.001 ) ; lateralization ( less in group N , P = 0.034 ) , and maternal satisfaction ( greater in group N , P = 0.037 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Both groups showed significant ACTH and cortisol responses to caffeine plus tasks , with the high risk group showing more persistent elevations .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The radiological success rate gradually decreased over the year in all pulpotomy medicament groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The combination of pulse oximetry and capnometry offers the possibility to detect potentially life-threatening problems in ventilated patients during transport .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The maximum follow-up is 24 years , with a median follow-up of 21.5 years .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The present study investigated the effect of inhaled CO on retinal and choroidal blood flow .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Patients expected to live less than two months were interviewed at two week intervals ; otherwise patients were interviewed monthly .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Six-week completion rates were 77.5 % ( 124/160 ) with paliperidone extended-release , 66.7 % ( 106/159 ) quetiapine , and 63.8 % ( 51/80 ) placebo .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Sepsis sequelae include critical illness polyneuropathy , myopathy , wasting , neurocognitive deficits , post-traumatic stress disorder , depression and chronic pain .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The ability to recruit patients in this pilot randomized controlled trial was below expectations .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Level II , prospective comparative study .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Serious adverse events were reported in 2 and 3 patients in each group , respectively .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Results of secondary outcome measures ( static and kinetic perimetry ) provided further evidence of rtACS efficacy .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Information on onset of action of these drugs is incomplete .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: After oral dosing ( 25 - 150 mg ) , peak plasma concentrations were attained after ~ 4 h. Mean half-life was around 40 h for both routes of administration .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Elevated serum phosphorus and FGF23 are independent cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Eleven patients with endografts are available for follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After successful cannulation of the vein , 1 L of crystalloid was infused by gravity .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Antiemetic efficacy of the combination of ramosetron 0.3 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg for PONV was most superior , with 93 % of the patients showing complete response at 12-24 h after surgery followed by ramosetron alone and dexamethasone alone .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At age 2 years , the difference ( intervention minus control ) in BMI ( calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared ) was -0.41 ( 95 % CI , -0.71 to -0.10 ; P = .009 ) , but by age 5 years it was 0.03 ( 95 % CI , -0.30 to 0.37 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-08 00:00]\n<User>Here are categorized examples with their respective labels:\n\nSample: There was no difference between two groups in stone free rate ( P = .53 ) , and changes in hemoglobin ( P = .61 ) and serum creatinine ( P = .63 ) level .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Measurements were taken of the knee adduction moment , ground reaction force , moment arm , walking speed , and toe-out angle .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The 1-year disease-free survival rate was 53.6 % ( 95 % CI , 38.7-68 .5 % ) , and the 1-year survival rate was 86.0 % ( 95 % CI , 75.7-96 .4 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Patients with fistulizing Crohn 's disease who have a response to induction therapy with infliximab have an increased likelihood of a sustained response over a 54-week period if infliximab treatment is continued every 8 weeks .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Intervention did not affect cardiovascular symptoms .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: A > or = 10-point increase in I-QOL was attained by 65 % of patients and was associated with a 0.05 ( -0.02 , 0.12 ) SF-6D increase .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Each question was scored , and enrolled students were randomly divided into two groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of subjects requiring admission or salvage therapy , such as nebulized adrenaline , during index presentation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: We compared step-up and step-down treatment strategies for initial management of patients with new onset dyspepsia in primary care .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The TEC intervention is based on social-cognitive theory and consists of 6 components ( assess , correct , teach , prepare , rehearse , portray ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Residents were randomized to receive either ( 1 ) robotic virtual reality simulation training plus standard robotic orientation or ( 2 ) standard robotic orientation alone .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Study limitations on design and conduction of this study restrict its generalization .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We found a 34 % rate of ME per drug prescribed , which is in concordance with international reports .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Postoperative cardiac complications were more common among patients who had a history of congestive heart failure ( p = 0.02 ; odds ratio , 3.75 ; confidence interval , 1.3 to 11 ) or reperfusion defects on adenosine thallium scintigraphy ( p = 0.01 ; odds ratio , 3.4 ; confidence interval , 1.2 to 9.4 ) , regardless of group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Immunizations and other cost-effective preventive services remain underused by many children , especially those living in poverty .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Osteoporosis is a common problem whose management is controversial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The study was a double-blind , randomized , multi-centre , prospective , controlled clinical trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The actuarial probability of death at 18 months was 20.6 % in group I and 6.2 % in group II ( P = 0.1 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The endpoints after 4.5 years of follow-up were the incidence of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas both in terms of people treated for newly diagnosed disease and in terms of the numbers of tumours that occurred .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , pilot trial at a university-affiliated community hospital .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Perioe Cavity Care and Colgate Total remineralised initial carious lesions .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Eighty chemotherapy-naive patients with newly diagnosed neoplasms undergoing cisplatin combination chemotherapy were randomized to receive one of two combination antiemetic regimens : lorazepam , dexamethasone , intermittent intravenous ondansetron ; or lorazepam , dexamethasone , continuous-infusion metoclopramide , and diphenhydramine .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Feeding a forage-only diet with a high CP intake increases glycogen and leucine concentrations in muscle of horses in training .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: At 1-year follow-up , 17 ( 11 % ) treatment failures were detected .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In contrast , pravastatin had no such effect .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: In acute herpes zoster , treatment with acyclovir for 21 days or the addition of prednisolone to acyclovir therapy confers only slight benefits over standard 7-day treatment with acyclovir .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The RCT design combined with access to clinical records at all provincial abortion clinics , and to information in provincial single-payer linked administrative health databases , birth registry and hospital records , offers a unique opportunity to evaluate such an approach by determining pregnancy rate at one through five years among enrolled women .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In this prospective , placebo-controlled trial 120 patients were randomized into four groups to receive rocuronium 0.03 mg kg ( -1 ) ( 40 female and 40 male patients ) or saline ( 20 female and 20 male patients ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: A total of 116 patients with kidney transplantation were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group ( n = 58 in each group ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Adjusted mean SE changes from baseline in HbA1c were -0.50 0.05 % ( -5.5 0.5 mmol/mol ) for placebo versus -0.94 0.05 % ( -10.3 0.5 mmol/mol ) and -1.02 0.05 % ( -11.1 0.5 mmol/mol ) for empagliflozin 10 mg and empagliflozin 25 mg , respectively , at week 18 ( both P < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: African American women ( N = 984 ) from San Diego , California , participated in a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of breast cancer education sessions offered in beauty salons .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The mean decentration and tilt showed no marked changes during the follow-up in eyes with either IOL implanted , and no marked differences were noted in either study throughout the follow-up .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Within 3 years of hospital discharge , 14 of 64 patients ( 21.9 % ) in the SC group had an arrest for DUI compared with only 7 of 62 patients ( 11.3 % ) who received the BI .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Embedded correlative studies included molecular subtyping on archival tissue .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The VAS pain scores showed that the anaesthetic gel 5 % was statistically more effective than the placebo in reducing pain during periodontal debridement .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The time course and area under the effect curve ratio of haematological characteristics were used as surrogate parameters for efficacy evaluation .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Lung function , exhaled nitric oxide , sputum , and systemic biomarkers were assessed 1-5 hr after the O ( 3 ) challenge .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Frequency of use was estimated from pharmacy data assessing the timing and amount of SABA fills .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: One man withdrew from the study because of deteriorating health , and two died from metastatic disease within the first 6 months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: However there is clinical equipoise around this intervention because the benefit has not yet been demonstrated in a robust prospective clinical trial , and several observational studies have suggested sodium lowering interventions may be deleterious in some dialysis patients .\n\nLabels: 0\n<Assistant>I've captured all of this valuable information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-09 00:00]\n<User>These are labeled examples for classification tasks:\n\nSample: SjvO2 in High group increased significantly during CPB .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: It is a pragmatic , cluster randomised controlled trial based in the Agincourt subdistrict of northeast South Africa , and it is underpinned by long-term health and demographic surveillance .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Honey plus coffee was found to be the most effective treatment modality for PPC .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This is the first placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of postnatal vitamin A supplementation to investigate the key bioactive compounds in breast milk , important for infant immunity , in relation to dose and time point of postpartum supplementation and whether such maternal supplementation improves infant immune status during the critical period of early infancy .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The clinical tumor response rate was 76.2 % ( 32 of 42 patients ; 95 % CI , 60.5-87 .9 % ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Outcome measures were the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery ( CANTAB ) , the Attention Network Test ( ANT ) , the Cognitive Assessment System ( CAS ) and the short form of the Connor 's Parent Rating Scale ( CPRS : S ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Two studies were carried out to investigate whether the effect of specific oral care feed-back devices would result in better plaque removal ( Study 1 ) and lead to changes in attitudes and views relating to oral health ( Study 2 ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Depression was assessed using a 20-item RCES-D screening scale .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: ( ISRCTN65617839 ) .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The other indices , MAPE and RMSE , showed similar results .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: There were no severe adverse effects .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Interview modes were compared for questions from each category .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Variables were compared in patients stratified according to syndecan-1 median .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: This study examined the effectiveness of a neoprene wrist/hand splint in reducing pain and increasing handwriting speed and endurance for students with joint hypermobility syndrome .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Treatment compliance in the induction phase was good , but the relative dose intensity for concurrent cisplatin was significantly lower in the GCP arm .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: To compare two NMESintra-vaginal protocols for the treatment of SUI in women .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: In total , vitamin D supplementation was effective in achieving serum 25 ( OH ) D concentrations of > or = 50 nmol/L in 21 ( 30 % ) of 71 women at endpoint .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Qualitative studies on the subject are lacking .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: Two thousand nine hundred seventy-seven participants with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: AT1-receptor blockers are a good choice in obese hypertensives , given the profoundly increased diabetes risk in this population .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The clinical function of these induced CD4 cells is under study .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: After refractive correction , 29 % had visual impairment .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Participants who were abstinent throughout week 7 of open-label treatment were randomly assigned to receive bupropion , 300 mg/d , or placebo for 45 weeks and were subsequently followed for an additional year after the conclusion of the medication phase .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Tadalafil was effective up to 36 h after dosing for all age groups .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: In a randomized , crossover placebo-controlled study , oral pharmacokinetics of talinolol ( 50 mg ) after concomitant administration of single doses of R-verapamil ( 120 mg ) or placebo were investigated in 9 healthy volunteers .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Replicate enrollment serum aliquots from 388 unvaccinated women in the control arm of the Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial were measured for HPV16 seropositivity using three serological assays : a VLP-based direct ELISA ; a VLP-based competitive Luminex immunoassay ( cLIA ) ; and a secreted alkaline phosphatase protein neutralization assay ( SEAP-NA ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: During treatment period , either 20 g/d of PEG without electrolyte addition or placebo was given to each subject .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Exploratory analyses using an uncorrected P value indicated higher FA values of the bilateral cingulum hippocampal tract in the glutamine group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The evaluations were done acutely , at 1 and 4 months .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Future research should focus on the evaluation of an eHPF adequate for preterm infants in improving clinical symptoms of GER .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: There is concern that opioid-based analgesia will worsen sleep-related respiratory insufficiency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) , resulting in serious morbidity or mortality .\n\nLabels: 0\n<Assistant>Understood. I'll keep these facts for future reference.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-10 00:00]\n<User>Here are some examples with classification labels to remember:\n\nSample: The video-based injury awareness program showed no effect on injury rate .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: We also measured platelet count before and after surgery .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The authors hypothesized that , compared with normothermia , hypothermic CPB would result in superior neurologic and neurocognitive function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: An assessment of costs and a process evaluation will also be conducted which will explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention as well as potential barriers to effectiveness .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Orchiopexy at age 9 months resulted in an increase in testicular volume at subsequent measurements at ages 2 , 3 and 4 years compared to the volume at 6 months ( p < 0.001 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: It may also decrease VLDL particle secretion .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , a different rectal flora was detected in these patients .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: The delta of the area under the OGTT curve for insulin and predicted first and second phase insulin secretion indices increased significantly only in group B.\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: One patient developed mild hypomania and 3 became agitated .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean HDRS scores after six weeks were significantly lower ( P < 0.01 ) in the lithium group after excluding those who had not achieved significant exposure to lithium ( arbitrarily defined as two or more lithium levels > or = 0.4 mmol/l ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The trial addresses the general question of whether community resource centers run by a non-government organization improve the health of women and children in slums .\n\nLabels: 0\n\nSample: The percentages of complications in groups with and without subcutaneous suturing were statistically compared using Yates ' corrected chi ( 2 ) two-tailed test .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Patient and control groups ( each containing 12 patients ) were followed for up to 1 year and were evaluated for eradication and frequency of lower urinary tract infections ( UTI ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: AT was often not used in these patients at discharge , and lack of discharge AT was associated with an increased risk of 6-month ischemic events .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: However , there was no significant difference in the rate and extent of regression between the groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Mean follow-up was 48.25.4 ( 35-64 ) months .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Under treatment with levodopa SR , 1 patient presented severe vomiting , leading to study discontinuation .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: This was a prospective , randomized controlled trial .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Changes of pulmonary function , diaphragm muscle mobility ( DMM ) , 6 min walk distance ( 6MWD ) , morning arterial blood gas , nocturnal lowest oxygen saturation ( LSaO2 ) , mean blood oxygen saturation ( MSaO2 ) , the percentage of saturation lower than 90 % time account for total sleeping time ( SLT90 % ) and ultrasonocardiogram before and after treatment were observed .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: There was no significant difference in lung function , health-related quality of life scores or patient satisfaction scores between the two groups .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Weight loss after 3 months was 6.7 , 4.6 , and 2.2 kg in the groups completing therapy , all treatment cases using intention to treat ( ITT ) analysis and controls .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: While the intervention-related reductions in substance use were larger among women than men , men also reduced their use .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: No changes in either serum chemistry or plasma AVP ( arginine vasopressin ) and renin levels were observed despite the observed aquaresis .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: After a 14-day screening period , patients were randomized to treatment with salmeterol 50 microg combined with fluticasone 100 microg ( combination product ) , salmeterol 50 microg , fluticasone 100 microg , or placebo administered in the Diskus dry powder inhaler ( GlaxoWellcome , UK ) twice daily .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: However , these studies were performed before the routine use of prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) measurement .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: The probability to remain free of re-infection was 0.55 [ 95 % CI : 0.46-0 .63 ] ( ASAQ ) and 0.66 [ 0.57-0 .73 ] ( AL ) ( p = 0.017 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Two hundred patients ( total lesion length 27 21 mm ) were randomized to infrapopliteal SES stenting or percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty ( PTA ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The considerably more rapid insulin absorption after administration by jet injector translated to a significant if modest decrease in postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Administration of secretin improves noninvasive imaging of the pancreatic duct with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP ) .\n\nLabels: 3\n\nSample: Male subjects with palpable varicocele were included in the study and randomized into four groups .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: The high dropout rate in the sibutramine group was due to adverse events in 3 cases , lack of efficacy ( as judged by patients ) in 7 , loss to follow-up in 2 , and an orthopedic device being worn in 1 ; in the placebo group the dropouts were ascribed to lack of efficacy ( as judged by patients ) in 17 cases and to loss to follow-up in 8 cases .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Immediately before GA , the Modified Child Smiley Faces Scales ( MCSFS ) and Modified Adult Smiley Faces Scales ( MASFS ) were completed by a trained observer for children and accompanying parents respectively , and again on recovery from anaesthesia and 15 minutes postoperatively .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Both samples were subsequently exposed to citric acid ( extraorally ) .\n\nLabels: 2\n\nSample: Marginal bone resection was reduced by 0.9-1 .6 mm in the FibReORS group .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: Students who attended traditional schools engaged in more vigorous PA in PE lessons .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The primary end point was not met , because the PCB group showed higher per cent diameter stenosis ( 43.6 % vs 24.3 % , p = 0.029 ) ; angiographic restenosis was higher as well ( 32.1 vs 10.3 % , p = 0.043 ) , whereas MACE were 35.7 % in the PCB group and 13.8 % in the DES group ( p = 0.054 ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The total VSS was significantly lower in the Scagel group compared to the placebo group after 4weeks ( p = 0.003 , 0.003 , and < 0.001 at 4 , 8 , and 12weeks , respectively ) .\n\nLabels: 4\n\nSample: The visual significance of pseudo-foveas suggests careful consideration of treatment zones for future gene therapy trials .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: Basal-bolus treatment with insulin detemir or NPH insulin and premeal insulin aspart in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus improved HbA ( 1c ) to a similar degree .\n\nLabels: 1\n\nSample: When subjects consumed SY we showed a decrease of their basal TG and VLDLTG .\n\nLabels: 1\n<Assistant>Great! I've added this to my knowledge base."]
[{"question": "Sentence: On the other hand , significantly more problems relating to impairment of job performance were encountered with subjects on oxazepam .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Twelve men with chronic stable angina , a positive exercise test result and significant coronary artery disease completed a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in which patches were worn either continuously or with overnight ( 8 h ) removal .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The aim of this study was to compare bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity and clinically relevant infections after open , laparoscopic , and transgastric NOTES procedures .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Management of chronic mechanical neck pain ( CMNP ) still represents a challenge .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Each pair of periodontal defects were randomly assigned into the experimental group G1 , marginal periosteal pedicle graft ( MPP ) guided tissue membrane or the control open flap debridement group , G2 .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: To determine the effect of naproxen in attenuating the symptoms ( muscle soreness level ) and signs ( plasma creatine kinase [ CK ] activity and muscular strength decrement ) of delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) induced by repeated bouts of eccentric exercise .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: 23 SAD patients were randomized to MBCT and 23 to the control condition .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The availability of early markers was associated with more hospital admissions as compared to the control group , as the number of patients discharged from the ED was decreased in the stat versus control groups ( 28.4 % vs. 31.5 % , p = 0.023 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: SF-36 and EQ-5D scores also favoured surgery , but were not statistically significant at five years .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Importantly , these data suggest that LTG concentrations would not be expected to increase until the concomitant inducer is almost completely removed .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Pharmacokinetic data suggests that the intravenous form of n-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) may be more effective than the oral formulation in preventing contrast induced nephropathy ( CIN ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Soon after fluid withdrawal by either method , the filling pressures of the two ventricles and body weight were reduced and plasma renin activity , norepinephrine , and aldosterone were augmented .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the absence of cangrelor , prasugrel reloading reduced PRI ( p < 0.001 for both doses ) , although a 60-mg reload had greater platelet inhibition compared with a 30-mg reload at 4 h ( p = 0.001 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Adverse events were predominantly neuropsychiatric or central and peripheral nervous system related .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The purpose of this study was to assess funnel type and pregnancy duration in women with previous spontaneous preterm birth and cervical length < 25 mm .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Visual acuity outcomes were similar in eyes with and without prior macular or panretinal photocoagulation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: After complete resection patients were randomized into 1 of 3 treatment arms : no further treatment , 1 instillation of mitomycin C at resection and 1 instillation at resection and at 3-month intervals for 1 year ( total 5 instillations ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Of 837 patients , 416 were randomly allocated to radiation therapy and 421 to no further treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the previously treated group , the response rate was 52 % , with a median survival duration of 13.5 months .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Incidence of CI-AKI was no different in the NaHCO ( 3 ) group compared to NS group , and NAC did not reduce CI-AKI in the two study arms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: In contrast , in daclizumab-treated patients evaluated several weeks after transplantation , sIL-2R alpha was merely detected in the high-molecular-weight fractions of serum .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Levonorgestrel ( 1.5 mg ) was administered on the day of LH surge either orally ( n = 14 ) or vaginally ( n = 13 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Perihematoma PS was not different between groups ( 4.92.4 mL/100 mL per minute for the < 150 group , 5.32.4 mL/100 mL per minute for the < 180 group ; P = 0.51 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Current guidelines for patients with moderate - or high-risk acute coronary syndromes recommend an early invasive approach with concomitant antithrombotic therapy , including aspirin , clopidogrel , unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin , and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: During recovery from anaesthesia , more complications occurred with the AMD .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: By 1 year postintervention , significant and equal improvements in QoL scores had occurred in both groups ( myomectomy n = 59 ; UAE n = 61 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Avoiding episiotomy at tears presumed to be imminent increases the rate of intact perinea and the rate of only minor perineal trauma , reduces postpartum perineal pain and does not have any adverse effects on maternal or fetal morbidity .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: However , CVCs are quite frequently required for vascular access in hemodialysis ( HD ) patients .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Theoretical knowledge and practical skills were assessed using a knowledge test and standardized assessment questionnaires which also focused on performance and patient safety .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Low doses of ER niacin ( 1000 or 1500 mg/d ) are a treatment option for dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Thus , the currently recognized standard dose of the isopropanolic aqueous C. racemosa extract should be preferred over the higher dose .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: LP in CS also saved time and medical resources .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Controls wore activity monitors but had free access to TV .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: 20 client-owned cats .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients were initially recruited by contacting a previously developed pool used for studies related to fall prevention in the elderly .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Postprandial triglyceride concentrations were decreased by rosiglitazone treatment ( -26 % , p < 0.01 ) despite unchanged fasting concentrations .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A randomized crossover study was conducted with treatments including saline ( 0.9 % NaCl ) solution ( 0.08 mL/kg ) and carprofen ( 4 mg/kg ) administered IV .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Primary statistical comparisons were made with paired t tests or signed-rank tests .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In part B , 77 patients received 1 IV dose of LY2439821 ( 0.2 , 0.6 , or 2.0 mg/kg ) or placebo every 2 weeks for a total of 5 doses , with a total evaluation period of 16 weeks .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The outcome measures were pain scores and side effects .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients in the antithrombin group received a dose of purified antithrombin to reach an antithrombin activity value of 120 % , whereas patients in the control group did not receive antithrombin .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients with asthma controlled on ICS respond heterogeneously to ICS tapering .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and minimum effective dose of laser acupuncture in knee osteoarthritis ( KOA ) , and to determine if it is superior to placebo treatment ( sham ) in the evaluation of clinical-functional outcome and quality of life .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: The overall 5-year disease-free rates for the whole cohort were : IBTR 97.4 % , LRR 95.6 % , DDFS 92.9 % , and breast cancer-specific death 96.3 % .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Monotherapy of BoNTA at Dysport ( Ipsen , Brisbane , CA , USA ) doses of 500U or 750U seems to be effective and well tolerated in patients with NDO .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: To report a trial protocol that evaluates the effectiveness of postnatal psychoeducation programme in improving maternal parental self-efficacy and social support and in reducing postnatal depression among primiparas .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: A total of 384 consecutive patients with colorectal disease were randomized to laparoscopic resection ( n = 190 ) or open resection ( n = 194 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Subjects were adults ( 18 years ) hospitalized after OHCA with pulses sustained 60min .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the scope of a prospective randomized phase III-trial , tumor tissue of pre-therapeutically obtained mediastinal lymph node biopsies ( n = 105 ) and corresponding post-surgical resection specimens ( n = 44 ) was analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry ( DAKO-Hercep-Test ) and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Correlations between relevant variables and measured and calculated blood loss , number of transfused unit , and late ( 96 hours ) postoperative hemoglobin were tested by linear regressions .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Adverse events were generally mild and consistent with known pharmacological effects .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: This study suggests that patients should be offered an intracervical block before placement of the cervical tenaculum to decrease pain during the performance of a hysterosalpingogram .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Metal markers were placed in the tendon , and the separation between them was measured on serial radiographs during the first twelve weeks postoperatively .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The effects of fMRI-guided rTMS and left TP rTMS on the severity of AVH were comparable to those of sham treatment .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Participants received two treatments separated by at least 14 days .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The patients were randomly allocated into three groups\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Additionally , more patients received patient education ( 49.5 % vs. 20.1 % , p < 0.0001 ) , eye - ( 71.0 % vs. 51.2 % , p < 0.0001 ) , foot examinations ( 73.8 % vs. 45.1 % , p < 0.0001 ) , and regular HbA1c checks ( 44.1 % vs. 36.0 % , p < 0.01 ) in the intervention group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The overall procedure time in the RNS group was significantly longer than in the conventional group ( 79.2 + / - 30.6 vs. 58.4 + / - 17.7 minutes ; P = .04 ) but significantly decreased comparing the first 10 with the last 10 patients in the RNS group ( 105.3 + / - 34.8 vs. 60.6 + / - 6.3 minutes ; P = .003 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Two hundred eighteen patients ( 39 percent ) in the D-dimer group did not require ultrasound imaging .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The ORR statistical threshold for the first stage was reached in all arms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare Heidelberg retinal tomography ( HRT ) 3 and frequency-doubling technology ( FDT ) perimetry for diagnosis of glaucoma .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Nurse-assessed mood or anhedonia ( OASIS ) versus research assessments using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition Disorders ( SCID ) ; referrals for mental health evaluation ( agency records ) , and depression severity ( 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ; HDRS ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: A single-day loading dose of oral amiodarone ( 1200 mg ) does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation in a general population of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: Patients who were assigned randomly to the active treatment received a split-thickness autograft combined with harvested skin cell suspension .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The laryngeal tube was as effective as the classic LMA during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The decrease in the level of endogenous base oxidation in lymphocyte DNA seen in both the placebo - and rutin-supplemented subjects may reflect seasonal changes in other dietary antioxidants .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: A vibration stimulus was coadministered with BTX-A injections on one side , while the other side of each patient 's face received BTX-A injections alone .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Investigating mechanisms underlying acquired severe HDL deficiency in noncritically ill patients ( `` disappearing HDL syndrome '' ) could provide new insights into HDL metabolism .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Children in the intervention group improved their weeknight sleep duration at 1-mo follow-up by 30 min ( 11.0 0.9 h vs. 10.5 1.0 hours at baseline ) compared to controls ( 10.4 0.9 h versus 10.5 0.9 h at baseline ) ( P = 0.04 for difference between groups ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: For analysis of pharmacokinetic properties , including C ( maX ) , AUC ( 0-t ) , and AUC ( 0-infinity ) , blood samples were drawn at 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1 , 1.25 , 1.5 , 2 , 2.5 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 12 , 16 , and 22 hours after dosing .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The success of the manipulation was measured by the foot appearance , which was normally performed by physical examination .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: In the past few years , their implementation has attracted research interest in medicine .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Consumption of 20 and 35 g erythritol by healthy volunteers , in a liquid , is tolerated well , without any symptoms .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who experienced a decrease in train-of-four ratio following administration of magnesium or saline .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Fifty-two child patients were sequentially enrolled in the longitudinal clinical investigation , 26 boys and 26 girls .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The serum concentration achieved by 16 mg of tablet buprenorphine is higher than that of the 8 mg solution , although differences between physiologic , subjective and objective opioid effects were not noted .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: A statistically significant difference existed between hospital charges for one-step ( $ 58,145.30 , SD $ 17,963.09 ) and two-step ( $ 78,895.53 , SD $ 21,954.78 ) procedures ( p = 0.033 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Application site reactions were reported in four patients ( 14.8 % ) in the benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Anesthetically , epidural neural blockade is widely used in the fields of surgery and obstetrics as well as in diagnosis and management of acute and chronic pain .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "0"}, {"question": "Sentence: Satiety was elevated in the postprandial period following grain bar ingestion in comparison to peanut or water ingestion ( p = 0.001 , repeated-measures ANOVA ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The mean age of the patients was 76.7 years ( 60-88 , SD 7.4 ) in group A and 76 years ( 67-86 , SD 6.9 ) in group B. Twelve patients in each group had metastatic disease .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: To compare the hospital course and clinical outcome of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with surfactant and managed with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation ( HFOV ) or conventional mechanical ventilation ( CV ) as their primary mode of ventilator support .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Duration of hospital stay and readmission rates did not differ between study groups .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: This was a multi-national , double-blind , randomized and cross-over study in patients with primary dysmenorrhea .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The only parameter in the fetal cerebral circulation significantly modified by magnesium sulfate was the heart rate .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: The primary comparison was to a hypothesized placebo rate of 20 % as described by Paulus .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: The study was designed as a single-center , single-dose , randomized , double-blind , placebo and active-controlled , double-dummy , three-way , crossover study in healthy males .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Analysis of covariance and mixed model analysis of covariance were used to compare vision-related functioning between the DEX implant 0.70 and 0.35 mg groups and the sham group .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: No patient who received lactitol experienced any side effects ; however , six patients treated with lactulose complained of meteorism and flatulence , and four complained of nausea .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: In 5ml artificial saliva , Group K ( n = 20 ) received 0.4 ml ( 20mg ) ketamine and Group T ( n = 20 ) received 0.8 ml tramadol HCl solution .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Field staff collected baseline measures of sanitation conditions , behaviors , and child health ( May-July 2009 ) , and revisited households 21 months later ( February-April 2011 ) after the program was delivered .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Disease extent was measured using a clinical-risk score ( CRS ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors have demonstrated success in reducing AS disease activity in a limited number of clinical trials .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "3"}, {"question": "Sentence: Adrenomedullin dose dependently increased choroidal blood flow and flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: The serogroup B outer membrane protein vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC induces a demonstrable immune response in infants against both the serogroup B vaccine strain and against a serogroup C strain .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}, {"question": "Sentence: One hundred and forty infants were randomly assigned to one group bathed in a mild pH neutral soap and water or to another group bathed in water alone .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Surgical patients having general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to either 1200mg oral gabapentin ( n = 32 ) or an identical-looking placebo ( n = 32 ) 2 to 3h before anaesthesia .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "2"}, {"question": "Sentence: Approximately 17.7 US dollars million is expended annually to treat the estimated 59,000 new and recurrent episodes of HSV eye disease occurring among 29,000 individuals each year in the United States .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: A significant inverse correlation was found between CCK levels and LES pressure ( = -0.43 ; P = 0.04 ) .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "4"}, {"question": "Sentence: Among urban , low-income mothers , we found beneficial effects on breastfeeding decisions , a decrease in emergency department visits , and an initial impact on the doctor-patient relationship .\n\nWhat are the labels for the above medical abstract sentence?", "answer": "1"}]