["[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-01 00:00]\n<User>I have some interesting updates for you:\nThe base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. Every year the stupa attracts many Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims who perform full body prostrations in the inner lower enclosure, walk around the stupa with prayer wheels, chant, and pray. Thousands of prayer flags are hoisted up from the top of the stupa downwards and dot the perimeter of the complex. The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath.\n\nSwayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.\n\nKathmandu valley is described as \"an enormous treasure house of art and sculptures\", which are made of wood, stone, metal, and terracotta, and found in profusion in temples, shrines, stupas, gompas, chaityasm and palaces. The art objects are also seen in street corners, lanes, private courtyards and in open ground. Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses. Kathmandu valley has had this art treasure for a very long time, but received worldwide recognition only after the country opened to the outside world in 1950.\n\nThe religious art of Nepal and Kathmandu in particular consists of an iconic symbolism of the Mother Goddesses such as: Bhavani, Durga, Gaja-Lakshmi, Hariti-Sitala, Mahsishamardini, Saptamatrika (seven mother goddesses), and Sri-Lakshmi(wealth-goddess). From the 3rd century BC, apart from the Hindu gods and goddesses, Buddhist monuments from the Ashokan period (it is said that Ashoka visited Nepal in 250 BC) have embellished Nepal in general and the valley in particular. These art and architectural edifices encompass three major periods of evolution: the Licchavi or classical period (500 to 900 AD), the post-classical period (1000 to 1400 AD), with strong influence of the Palla art form; the Malla period (1400 onwards) that exhibited explicitly tantric influences coupled with the art of Tibetan Demonology.\n<Assistant>Appreciated. I'll retain these important details.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-02 00:00]\n<User>I have some fresh insights to share:\nKathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal. Nepal's art and architecture is an amalgamation of two ancient religions, Hinduism and Buddhhism. These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This amalgamation is also reflected in the planning and exhibitions in museums and art galleries throughout Kathmandu and its sister cities of Patan and Bhaktapur. The museums display unique artifacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation.\n\nThe National Museum is located in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building. This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance. The museum was established in 1928 as a collection house of war trophies and weapons, and the initial name of this museum was Chhauni Silkhana, meaning \"the stone house of arms and ammunition\". Given its focus, the museum contains many weapons, including locally made firearms used in wars, leather cannons from the 18th\u201319th century, and medieval and modern works in wood, bronze, stone and paintings.\n\nThe Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906\u20131955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to king Mahendra of Nepal (1920\u20131972). Like the Tribhuvan Museum, it includes his personal belongings such as decorations, stamps, coins and personal notes and manuscripts, but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber. The Hanumandhoka Palace, a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar, contains three separate museums of historic importance. These museums include the Birendra museum, which contains items related to the second-last monarch, Birendra of Nepal.\n\nThe enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. \"Narayanhity\" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning \"water spout\" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct). Narayanhity was a new palace, in front of the old palace built in 1915, and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah, then heir apparent to the throne. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads. The palace area covers (30 hectares (74 acres)) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. After the fall of the monarchy, it was converted to a museum.\n\nThe Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.\n\nKathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu.\n\nThe Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.\n\nThe National Library of Nepal is located in Patan. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books. English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa books are found here. The library is in possession of rare scholarly books in Sanskrit and English dating from the 17th century AD. Kathmandu also contains the Kaiser Library, located in the Kaiser Mahal on the ground floor of the Ministry of Education building. This collection of around 45,000 books is derived from a personal collection of Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. It covers a wide range of subjects including history, law, art, religion, and philosophy, as well as a Sanskrit manual of Tantra, which is believed to be over 1,000 years old. The 2015 earthquake caused severe damage to the Ministry of Education building, and the contents of the Kaiser Library have been temporarily relocated.\n\nKathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu International Theater Festival, attracting artists from all over the world. A mini theater is also located at the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, established by the Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee.\n\nMost of the cuisines found in Kathmandu are non-vegetarian. However, the practice of vegetarianism is not uncommon, and vegetarian cuisines can be found throughout the city. Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes. A fringe population of devout Hindus and Muslims consider it taboo. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The chief breakfast for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein.\n<Assistant>Got it. I will remember them.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-03 00:00]\n<User>I'd like to share some important information:\nKathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins\n\nKathmandu has a larger proportion of tea drinkers than coffee drinkers. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar and spices. Alcohol is widely drunk, and there are numerous local variants of alcoholic beverages. Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy. Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers.\n\nMost of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are celebrated in Kathmandu. With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Social regulation in the codes enacted incorporate Hindu traditions and ethics. These were followed by the Shah kings and previous kings, as devout Hindus and protectors of Buddhist religion.\n\nThe Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually.\n\nLegendary Princess Bhrikuti (7th-century) and artist Araniko (1245 - 1306 AD) from that tradition of Kathmandu valley played a significant role in spreading Buddhism in Tibet and China. There are over 108 traditional monasteries (Bahals and Bahis) in Kathmandu based on Newar Buddhism. Since the 1960s, the permanent Tibetan Buddhist population of Kathmandu has risen significantly so that there are now over fifty Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in the area. Also, with the modernization of Newar Buddhism, various Theravada Bihars have been established.\n\nKirant Mundhum is one of the indigenous animistic practices of Nepal. It is practiced by Kirat people. Some animistic aspects of Kirant beliefs, such as ancestor worship (worship of Ajima) are also found in Newars of Kirant origin. Ancient religious sites believed to be worshipped by ancient Kirats, such as Pashupatinath, Wanga Akash Bhairabh (Yalambar) and Ajima are now worshipped by people of all Dharmic religions in Kathmandu. Kirats who have migrated from other parts of Nepal to Kathmandu practice Mundhum in the city.\n\nSikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.\n\nInstitute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978. A number of medical colleges including Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also located in or around Kathmandu.\n\nFootball and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in Nepal and there are several stadiums in the city. The sport is governed by the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) from its headquarters in Kathmandu. The only international football stadium in the city is the Dasarath Rangasala Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium used mostly for football matches and cultural events, located in the neighborhood of Tripureshwor. It is the largest stadium in Nepal with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, built in 1956. Martyr's Memorial League is also held in this ground every year. The stadium was renovated with Chinese help before the 8th South Asian Games were held in Kathmandu and had floodlights installed. Kathmandu is home to the oldest football clubs of Nepal such as RCT, Sankata and NRT. Other prominent clubs include MMC, Machhindra FC, Tribhuwan Army Club (TAC) and MPC.\n\nThe total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be (17,182 km (10,676 mi)), as of 2003\u201304. This fairly large network has helped the economic development of the country, particularly in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, vegetable farming, industry and also tourism. In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air. Kathmandu is connected by the Tribhuvan Highway to the south, Prithvi Highway to the west and Araniko Highway to the north. The BP Highway, connecting Kathmandu to the eastern part of Nepal is under construction.\n<Assistant>Excellent. I've documented all of this information.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-04 00:00]\n<User>Here are some facts I recently discovered:\nThe main international airport serving Kathmandu and thus Nepal is the Tribhuvan International Airport, located about six kilometers (6 km (3.7 mi)) from the city centre. Operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal it has two terminals, one domestic and one international. At present, about 22 international airlines connect Nepal to other destinations in Europe, Asia and the Middle East, to cities such as Istanbul, Delhi, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Islamabad, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, and Guangzhou. A recent extension to the international terminal has made the distance to the airplanes shorter and in October 2009 it became possible to fly directly to Kathmandu from Amsterdam with Arkefly. Since 2013, Turkish Airlines connects Istanbul to Kathmandu. Regionally, several Nepali airlines operate from the city, including Agni Air, Buddha Air, Cosmic Air, Nepal Airlines and Yeti Airlines, to other major towns across Nepal.\n<Assistant>Wonderful. I'll remember these key points.", "[Dialogue between User and Assistant on 2024-01-05 00:00]\n<User>Let me provide you with some new details:\nKathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relationships with 8 other cities: Motsumoto City of Japan, Rochester of the USA, Yangon (formerly Rangoon) of Myanmar, Xi'an of the People's Republic of China, Minsk of Belarus, and Pyongyang of the Democratic Republic of Korea. KMC's constant endeavor is to enhance its interaction with SAARC countries, other International agencies and many other major cities of the world to achieve better urban management and developmental programs for Kathmandu.\n<Assistant>I've successfully recorded all of this data."]
[{"question": "What is Ajima the deity of?", "answer": "smallpox"}, {"question": "Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa?", "answer": "Tibetan Buddhist"}, {"question": "In what part of Kathmandu is Swayambhu located?", "answer": "northwestern"}, {"question": "In Swayambhu, what is present in the small area above the tiers?", "answer": "gajur"}, {"question": "What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?", "answer": "icons"}, {"question": "In what year could Nepal be said to have been discovered by the outside world?", "answer": "1950"}, {"question": "What types of deities are Bhavani and Durga?", "answer": "Mother Goddesses"}, {"question": "When did the Licchavi period end?", "answer": "900"}, {"question": "What is another name for the Licchavi period?", "answer": "classical"}, {"question": "What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?", "answer": "Monument Zones"}, {"question": "In what area of Kathmandu is the National Museum?", "answer": "western"}, {"question": "When was the National Museum founded?", "answer": "1928"}, {"question": "How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace?", "answer": "three"}, {"question": "During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?", "answer": "medieval"}, {"question": "Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?", "answer": "north-central"}, {"question": "In what year was Narayanhity constructed?", "answer": "1970"}, {"question": "How many acres is the Narayanhity Palace?", "answer": "74"}, {"question": "Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum?", "answer": "Carl Pruscha"}, {"question": "In what year was the Taragaon Museum built?", "answer": "1971"}, {"question": "What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum?", "answer": "Boudhnath"}, {"question": "What was the Taragaon Museum prior to being a museum?", "answer": "hostel"}, {"question": "How many types are Nepali works of art typically divided into?", "answer": "two"}, {"question": "What do the Tibetans call traditional idealistic paintings?", "answer": "Thangkas"}, {"question": "What do the Nepalese call Thangkas?", "answer": "Paubhas"}, {"question": "The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?", "answer": "medieval"}, {"question": "What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?", "answer": "J"}, {"question": "Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?", "answer": "Babar Mahal"}, {"question": "How many volumes are contained in Nepal's National Library?", "answer": "70,000"}, {"question": "Along with Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali and English, the National Library contains books in what language?", "answer": "Nepal Bhasa"}, {"question": "What government department is located in the same building as the Kaiser Library?", "answer": "Ministry of Education"}, {"question": "How many volumes does the Kaiser Library contain?", "answer": "45,000"}, {"question": "Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?", "answer": "Kanti Path"}, {"question": "What year saw the beginning of the Aarohan Theater Group?", "answer": "1982"}, {"question": "What animal does buff come from?", "answer": "water buffalo"}, {"question": "What people are particularly known for eating buff?", "answer": "Newars"}, {"question": "What cuisine notably makes use of pork?", "answer": "Kirat"}, {"question": "How many restaurants in the western style were present in Kathmandu circa 1955?", "answer": "one"}, {"question": "How is the egg in American chop suey prepared?", "answer": "fried"}, {"question": "How might a western traveler find the tea served in Kathmandu?", "answer": "extremely weak"}, {"question": "What is used to make thwon?", "answer": "rice"}, {"question": "What are bhattis?", "answer": "alcohol serving eateries"}, {"question": "What goes through a fermentation process to create tongba?", "answer": "millet or barley"}, {"question": "To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?", "answer": "Malla"}, {"question": "Before the modern era, who mostly celebrated Kathmandu festivals?", "answer": "Newars"}, {"question": "What are done with the bodies of Kirants after death?", "answer": "buried"}, {"question": "In a Hindu funeral, who is typically the main mourner?", "answer": "first son"}, {"question": "How many Newar Buddhist monasteries are present in Kathmandu?", "answer": "108"}, {"question": "Approximately how many monasteries in the Kathmandu area are run by Tibetan Buddhists?", "answer": "fifty"}, {"question": "Who worshipped at Wanga Akash Bhairabh in ancient times?", "answer": "Kirats"}, {"question": "Where can a temple of the Jain faith be found?", "answer": "Gyaneshwar"}, {"question": "Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?", "answer": "300"}, {"question": "About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?", "answer": "4.2"}, {"question": "About how many Christian houses of worship exist in Kathmandu?", "answer": "170"}, {"question": "Of what university is the Institute of Medicine a constituent college?", "answer": "Tribhuwan"}, {"question": "When did the Institute of Medicine begin to offer education in medicine?", "answer": "1978"}, {"question": "Along with cricket, what sport is highly popular among Nepali youth?", "answer": "Football"}, {"question": "What body oversees soccer in Nepal?", "answer": "All Nepal Football Association"}, {"question": "In what part of Kathmandu is Dasarath Rangasala Stadium located?", "answer": "Tripureshwor"}, {"question": "Who assisted Nepal in renovating Dasarath Rangasala Stadium?", "answer": "Chinese"}, {"question": "As of 2004, how many kilometers of road existed in Nepal?", "answer": "17,182"}, {"question": "Why is travel in Kathmandu mainly via automobile or aircraft?", "answer": "hilly terrain"}, {"question": "What highway connecting Kathmandu to elsewhere in Nepal is currently being built?", "answer": "BP"}, {"question": "In what direction out of Kathmandu does the Prithvi Highway travel?", "answer": "west"}, {"question": "If one wished to travel north out of Kathmandu, what highway would be used?", "answer": "Araniko"}, {"question": "How many airlines use Tribhuvan International for international flights?", "answer": "22"}, {"question": "From what city does Arkefly offer nonstop flights to Kathmandu?", "answer": "Amsterdam"}, {"question": "Who operates flights between Kathmandu and Istanbul?", "answer": "Turkish Airlines"}, {"question": "In what US state did Kathmandu first establish an international relationship?", "answer": "Oregon"}, {"question": "In what year did Kathmandu create its initial international relationship?", "answer": "1975"}, {"question": "What is KMC an initialism of?", "answer": "Kathmandu Metropolitan City"}]