The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism, and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who argues that it helps in developing intuition for quantum processes. He also suggests that it avoids the philosophical problems with the Copenhagen interpretation and the role of the observer, and also resolves various quantum paradoxes.
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism, and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who argues that it helps in developing intuition for quantum processes. He also suggests that it avoids the philosophical problems with the Copenhagen interpretation and the role of the observer, and also resolves various quantum paradoxes.
user
## Overview

In the TIQM, the wave function of a quantum system is interpreted as a retarded wave, and its complex conjugate as an advanced wave. The retarded wave is a wave that travels forward in time, while the advanced wave travels backward in time. The two waves form a quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the quantum system and its environment.

The TIQM is based on the idea that the wave function of a quantum system is not a physical entity, but rather a mathematical description of the system's state. The wave function is a complex-valued function of the system's coordinates and momenta, and it is used to calculate the probability of a certain outcome of a measurement.

In the TIQM, the wave function is interpreted as a retarded wave, which is a wave that travels forward in time. The retarded wave is generated by the system, and it is transmitted to the environment. The environment responds to the retarded wave by generating an advanced wave, which is a wave that travels backward in time. The advanced wave is transmitted back to the system, and it is used to update the system's wave function.

The interaction between the system and the environment is described by the quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the two. The quantum interaction is a non-local process, which means that it can occur between two objects that are separated by a large distance. The quantum interaction is also a probabilistic process, which means that it is not certain that the interaction will occur.

The TIQM is a deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics, which means that it does not require the presence of an observer to collapse the wave function. The wave function is interpreted as a retarded wave, which is generated by the system, and it is transmitted to the environment. The environment responds to the retarded wave by generating an advanced wave, which is transmitted back to the system. The interaction between the system and the environment is described by the quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the two.

## History

The TIQM was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who was a professor of physics at the University of Washington. Cramer was interested in developing a new interpretation of quantum mechanics that would help in developing intuition for quantum processes, and
assistant
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism, and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who argues that it helps in developing intuition for quantum processes. He also suggests that it avoids the philosophical problems with the Copenhagen interpretation and the role of the observer, and also resolves various quantum paradoxes.
user
## Overview

The TIQM is a non-relativistic theory that is based on the standard quantum formalism. It is a deterministic theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer. It is also a local theory, in that it does not require the wave function to be collapsed by an observer
assistant
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism, and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who argues that it helps in developing intuition for quantum processes. He also suggests that it avoids the philosophical problems with the Copenhagen interpretation and the role of the observer, and also resolves various quantum paradoxes.
user
## Overview

In the TIQM, the wave function of a quantum system is interpreted as a retarded wave, and its complex conjugate as an advanced wave. The retarded wave is a wave that travels forward in time, while the advanced wave travels backward in time. The two waves form a quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the quantum system and its environment.

The TIQM is based on the idea that the wave function of a quantum system is not a physical entity, but rather a mathematical description of the system's state. The wave function is a complex-valued function of the system's coordinates and momenta, and it is used to calculate the probability of a certain outcome of a measurement.

In the TIQM, the wave function is interpreted as a retarded wave, which is a wave that travels forward in time. The retarded wave is generated by the system, and it is transmitted to the environment. The environment responds to the retarded wave by generating an advanced wave, which is a wave that travels backward in time. The advanced wave is transmitted back to the system, and it is used to update the system's wave function.

The interaction between the system and the environment is described by the quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the two. The quantum interaction is a non-local process, which means that it can occur between two objects that are separated by a large distance. The quantum interaction is also a probabilistic process, which means that it is not certain that the interaction will occur.

The TIQM is a deterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics, which means that it does not require the presence of an observer to collapse the wave function. The wave function is interpreted as a retarded wave, which is generated by the system, and it is transmitted to the environment. The environment responds to the retarded wave by generating an advanced wave, which is transmitted back to the system. The interaction between the system and the environment is described by the quantum interaction, which is a handshake or transaction between the two.

## History

The TIQM was first proposed in 1986 by John G. Cramer, who was a professor of physics at the University of Washington. Cramer was interested in developing a new interpretation of quantum mechanics that would help in developing intuition for quantum processes, and
assistant