In addition to churches within Kilwinning, the abbey had revenues from thirteen other parish churches in Cunninghame, giving sixteen in all. The abbey also held lands at Monkcastle and Monkredding. Monkcastle served as the country residence of the abbots. In the reign of Robert III, Sir William Cunninghame of Kilmaurs gave the lands of Grange in Kilmarnock to the monks. John de Menteth, Lord of Annan and Knapdale gave the monks the right of patronage to the churches of Saint Mary and Saint Bridget on Arran in 1337. The chapel of Saint Bridget also covered the lands at Portencross and West Kilbride, which was established as a separate Parish in 1567.
The monks held Granges, such as the one at Beith, given to the abbey by Sir William de Cunninghame and those of Craignaught. This ownership involved the monks in extensive agricultural activities. Details of the rents from farms show a considerable annual production of cheese in particular, 268 in one year alone. The monks may also have been involved in the mining of coal, especially for the production of sea salt from saltpans at places such as Saltcoats.
The Barony of Beith had been given to the Kilwinning monks by Richard de Morville's wife towards the end of the 12th century. The monks court hill as ecclesiastical barons, is still in existence and the abbey's farm or Grange was at Grangehill. Local legend has it that Kerelaw Castle was a palace of the abbots of Kilwinning.
Such a wealthy establishment was a great attraction to the aristocracy and it is recorded that the Earls of Glencairn and Angus joined forces as early as 1512, entered the abbey precincts, and tried to physically force Abbot William Bunche (Bunsh) to resign in favour of the preceptor of Glasgow, John Forman.
The revenues of the abbey were calculated in the 1860s as being then equivalent to £20,000, or well over 2 million in modern terms (2008), being derived a variety of sources, including the Parishes and churches of Irvine, Kilmarnock, Loudoun Kirk, Dalry, Ardrossan, Kilbirnie, West Kilbride, Dunlop, Stevenston, Beith, Dreghorn, Dumbarton, South and North Knapdale, Kilmory and Kilbride. In the 1540s the abbey had seventeen monks. In the case of Loudoun Kirk, James, son of Lambinus, established the church before 1189. James, a member of a Flemish family, at or soon after its foundation, gave the revenues of Loudoun Kirk, to support the monks of the then newly founded Kilwinning Abbey, and in return a priest (curate) was provided to attend to the spiritual needs of the parishioners.
The practice at one time of assigning the revenues of parishes to middlemen, who paid a fixed sum to the abbot, was the cause of much disagreement and dissatisfaction. These middle or tacksmen were free to obtain what monies they could for their own benefit.
The abbots held a town house in Irvine known as Lople on the High Street and another adjacent property.
In 1566 the last Roman Catholic vicar of Dunlop, John Houston, with the permission of Gavin Hamilton, commendator of Kilwinning Abbey, granted the church lands of Dunlop to William Cunninghame of Aiket. He kept an acre of land at the manse for his use and for the use of his successors.


In 1873, King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway visited the chapel, and to commemorate this visit, he bestowed this chapel with a marble slab with the bilingual inscriptions: Kong Oscar II hørte Guds ord her den 4de Juli 1873 (Norwegian language) and Gonagas Oscar II gulai Ibmel sane dobe dam 4 ad Juli 1873 (Northern Sami language) which means "King Oscar II heard the words of God here on the 4th of July 1873". At the same time, he expressed a desire to name the chapel after himself, and so the members of the congregation made a name plate for him that still hangs over the door.


Kingston Bridge is a road bridge at Kingston upon Thames in south west London, England, carrying the A308 across the River Thames. It joins the town centre of Kingston in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to Hampton Court Park, Bushy Park, and the village of Hampton Wick in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 2005 it was carrying approximately 50,000 vehicles per day with up to 2,000 vehicles per hour in each direction during peak times.
Kingston Bridge is on the reach above Teddington Lock and close to and downstream of the mouth of the Hogsmill River, a minor tributary of the Thames. The Thames Path crosses the river here and the bridge is the end point for the Thames Down Link long-distance footpath from Box Hill & Westhumble station.


Until Putney Bridge was opened in 1729, Kingston Bridge was the only crossing of the river between London Bridge and Staines Bridge.
According to 16th-century antiquarian John Leland, the bridge existed in the centuries when Anglo-Saxon England existed (after Roman Britain and before 1066). He wrote "And yn the old tyme the commune saying ys that the bridge where the commun passage was over the Tamise was lower on the ryver then it is now. And when men began the new town in the Saxons tymes they toke from the very clive of Comeparke [cliff of Coombe Park] side to build on the Tamise side; and sette a new bridge hard by the same."  However, it is also claimed that the first Kingston Bridge was constructed in the 1190s.
Leland refers to a contemporary bridge and to an older wooden bridge that had existed at Kingston since the 13th century. This was about 100 feet downstream of the present bridge: Old Bridge Street at Hampton Wick used to be matched by an Old Bridge Street on the Kingston side. In 1318 the bridge was described as being in a dangerous condition. The successive bridges contributed greatly to Kingston's success as a medieval market town.
Destroying or defending the few bridges of the Thames gave power – having no nearby bridges would particularly hinder mounted armies.  The mediaeval timber bridge fell victim to destructions during the Wars of the Roses and Wyatt's rebellion. There are records of tolls being granted for various spells to pay for repairs to the bridge, but in 1567, Robert Hamond gave a sum to make it a free bridge 'forever'. However, in spite of his endowments, for some years in the 18th century certain tolls were reimposed under the authority of the mayor and aldermen of the borough. The bridge was described in 1710 "The great Wooden Bridge hath 20 interstices: two in the middle wide enough for barges...it had 22 pierres [piers] of Wood and had in the middle two fair Seates for Passengers to avoid Carts and to sit and enjoy the delightfull Prospect".
The bridge's state of repair became increasingly problematic by the early 19th century. It had become increasingly dilapidated and its narrowness made passage difficult both for river and road traffic. Pressure mounted for it to be rebuilt but no agreement could be reached on who would be responsible or who would pay for it. The courts became involved in 1813 but were overtaken by events in January 1814, when part of the bridge collapsed due to a severe frost. The court ordered Kingston to repair the bridge from its own resources but a complete replacement was by that time clearly necessary.


In 1825 Kingston Corporation notified the City of London Corporation Navigation Committee that it intended to build a new bridge. An Act of Parliament was passed in the same year to authorise construction. The corporation planned to erect a cast-iron bridge, and an architectural competition was held with a prize of 100 guineas. The winner was John Burges Watson, with a design for a bridge of three equal arches. However, concerns over the rising cost of iron led to the abandonment of the scheme, and it was decided instead to build a stone bridge in the classical style to a design by Edward Lapidge, the county surveyor. The first stone was laid by the Earl of Liverpool at a ceremony on 7 November 1825 and the bridge was opened by the Duchess of Clarence (the future Queen Adelaide) on 17 July 1828. The approach road to the south was named Clarence Street in her honour.
The new bridge, about 100 feet (30 m) upstream from its predecessor, was built of Portland stone: comprising five elliptical arches.  The centre arch enclosed a 60 foot (18 m) span, 19 feet (5.8 m) in height, and the side arches 56 feet (17 m) then 52 feet (16 m) in span progressively from the centre. The abutments were terminated by towers or bastions, and the whole surmounted by a cornice and balustrade, with galleries projecting over the pier; which gave a bold relief to the general elevation. The length of the bridge was 382 feet (116 m) by 27 feet (8.2 m) in width.  The building contract was undertaken by Herbert for £26,800 (equivalent to £2,249,038 in 2020), and extra work did not exceed £100, a rare occurrence in major public or private undertakings of that description at the time.
Following a lengthy campaign which came to a conclusion in 1869, the bridge became free from tolls on 12 March 1870, and celebrations including a fireworks show were followed a few days later with the burning of the toll gates on Hampton Green. In March 1906, London United Tramways installed tramlines on Kingston Bridge, connecting the Surrey and Middlesex routes. The increase in traffic and the narrowness of the road became a problem and in 1911 the engineering firm Mott & Hay was contracted to widen the bridge on the downstream side. The work was undertaken between 1912 and 1914 with the carriageway increased from 25 feet (7.6 m) to 55 feet (17 m). A new façade of Portland stone was designed to replicate the features of the original. The bridge was reopened in October 1914. In 1931, the trams were replaced by trolleybuses - before these were replaced by diesel buses in 1962. Following construction of the Kingston Relief Road in the late 1980s, the bridge was widened again in 2000 to include two cycle lanes, larger pavements and a bus lane, from 55 feet (17 m) to 79 feet (24 m).
The bridge was given protection as a Grade II* listed structure in 1951.


Kingston New Bridge, in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction Volume XII., No. 324, 26 July 1828
Kingston Bridge at Structurae


The remaining northern part of the subway is sometimes used in films, for example as itself in the Stephen Poliakoff film Hidden City, the secret entrance to the base in the film version of The Avengers and a railway tunnel in the film Bhowani Junction. It also appeared in The Escapist.
In an episode of The Goon Show, Neddie Seagoon discovers that a long-lost tram has been hijacked by its driver Henry Crun and is hidden in the Kingsway tunnel.


The design of the building, which used postmodern architecture, was led by Peleg Architects. The building is mostly made of concrete, however its facade consists of such materials as granite, glass and aluminium, which were colored in dark green. The exterior walls of floors above 31 are fully glazed from floor to ceiling.


The Kiseki No Hoshi Greenhouse (奇跡の星の植物館, Kiseki no Hoshi no Shokubutsukan, 6,700 m²), also known as the Miracle Planet Museum of Plants, is a botanical garden within a greenhouse located at Yumebutai 4 Banchi, Higashiura-cho, Tsuna, Awaji, Hyōgo, Japan. It is open most days; an admission fee is charged.
The greenhouse opened in 2000, and contains a fern room, an atrium with small gardens, and five additional rooms as follows:
Plants Gallery - succulent plants with art objects
Tropical Garden
New Lifestyle with Plants - various styles of Japanese gardens
Healing Garden - nature and art
Flower Show Space - space for floral exhibits (1,000 m²)


The Kissimmee Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on January 4, 1994) located in Kissimmee, Florida. The district is bounded by Aultman Street, Monument Avenue, Penfield Street and Randolph Avenue. It contains 189 historic buildings.


Kleifarvatn ([ˈkʰleiːvarˌvahtn̥]) is the largest lake on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland, situated in the southern part of the peninsula. It is located on the fissure zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.  The lake has no visible water coming in or going out as most of its water comes and leaves underground. The lake can be reached via a track, and there are two areas with high temperature that can be found not far from it: Seltún/Krýsuvík and another to the east. The lake's greatest depth is 97 m. After the 2000 Iceland earthquakes, the lake began to diminish, and 20% of its surface has since disappeared.

The novel Kleifarvatn by Icelandic writer Arnaldur Indriðason was named after the lake.


The Kluže Fortress is a fort near the town of Bovec in northwestern Slovenia.
The original fortress was built in 1472 near Bovec on the road between Cave del Predil and Carinthia. Its likely original purpose was defence of Friuli against the Turks. In the course of the 16th century Bovec came under Austrian authority as a result of the wars between Venice and the Habsburgs. However, for the time being it remained as an ecclesiastical dependence of Cividale and Aquileia. At the end of the 18th century it was entirely under Austria's administration, and remained so until 1918.
In 1796 and 1797 fighting took place around the fort, as Napoleon's army pushed through the Koritnica gorge. Napoleon's forces took the fort in 1797 by placing artillery at a higher elevation (where Fort Hermann now stands). The fortress was then destroyed. The current fort was built upon the site by the Austrians in the late 19th century. Fort Hermann, covering the higher elevation, was built at the same time. The two are linked by a trail and a tunnel. Fort Hermann was heavily damaged and rendered unusable by Italian artillery bombardment in 1915.
In 1903 part of Bovec was destroyed by a fire. What remained standing was ravaged in World War I, when the Italian-Austrian front (Battles of the Isonzo) crossed through the valley as the battle cut from north to south.


Knocknarea (/nɒknəˈreɪ/; Irish: Cnoc na Riabh) is a large prominent hill west of Sligo town in County Sligo, Ireland, with a height of 327 metres (1,073 ft). Knocknarea is visually striking as it has steep limestone cliffs and stands on the Cúil Irra peninsula overlooking the Atlantic coast. At the summit is one of Ireland's largest cairns, known as Queen Maeve's Cairn, which is believed to contain a Neolithic passage tomb. In recent years there has been concern that the ancient cairn, a protected National Monument, is being damaged by climbers. There are also remains of several smaller tombs on the summit. Knocknarea overlooks the Carrowmore tombs and is thought to have been part of an ancient ritual landscape.


Knocknarea is an anglicization of an Irish name. "Knock" means hill, but the etymology of the rest of the name is disputed. The Placenames Database of Ireland gives the Irish name as Cnoc na Riabh (meaning "hill of the stripes"). However, P.W. Joyce preferred the interpretation Cnoc na Riaghadh ("hill of the executions"). Cnoc na Riogha ("hill of the kings") has also been suggested, as has Cnoc na Ré ("hill of the moon").


On the summit of Knocknarea is a large cairn about 55 metres (180 ft) wide and 10 metres (33 ft) high, making it the largest cairn in Ireland outside the Brú na Bóinne complex in Meath. Although it has not been excavated by archaeologists, it has many of the features of a classic passage tomb. The cairn is flat-topped and several kerbstones can be seen on the northern side. It is believed to date to around 3000 BCE. Archaeologist Stefan Bergh, in his book Landscape of the Monuments (1995), suggests that a large hollow some way to the west of the cairn was the quarry from which the stones were taken. It is known in Irish as Meascán Méabha or Miosgán Meadhbha meaning Méabh's lump or heap. In English it is known as Maeve's Cairn or Maeve's Tomb. Méabh is a queen of Connacht in Irish mythology, who is believed to have originally been a goddess.
The cairn is a protected National Monument. In recent years, archaeologists have warned that the ancient cairn is being eroded by hikers climbing on it and moving or removing stones. The large number of climbers is leaving scars on the cairn and may be destabilizing the tomb inside. Irish folklore holds that it is bad luck to damage or disrespect such tombs and that doing so could bring a curse.


There are remains of several other ancient monuments on the summit of Knocknarea. Most appear to have been small passage tombs and burial mounds. The largest is a partially-ruined cruciform passage grave about 50m north of Maeve's Cairn. In general, the tombs are lined up North–South, and they may have been built to face the Carrowmore passage tombs to the east of Knocknarea. Some were severely damaged by the excavations of antiquarians in the 19th century.
Knocknarea seems to have been a major place of ritual and meeting in the Neolithic era. The entire hilltop on the eastern side is circumscribed by a 1-kilometre (0.6 mi)-long embankment, 2 metres (2 yd) wide and 0.8 metres (3 ft) tall. Hut sites have been found inside this enclosure. A large amount of debris from making stone tools has been collected.
The area around Sligo Bay is rich in pre-historic remains, and shares similar monuments and natural shapes. From Knocknarea can be seen other sites such as Croaghaun Mountain, Carrowkeel Megalithic Cemetery, and Cairns Hill. Carrowmore passage tomb cemetery is at the eastern foot of Knocknarea.


Kobuleti Managed Reserve (Georgian: ქობულეთი) is a protected area in Kobuleti Municipality, Adjara region of Georgia along the Black Sea coast in the northern part of the resort town Kobuleti.
Kobuleti Protected Areas  were  established in 1998 to preserve  unique wetland ecosystems recognized by the Ramsar Convention.
Kobuleti Protected Areas include Kobuleti Managed Reserve and Kobuleti Strict Nature Reserve located on left and right banks of Shavi Ghele (black creek) river respectively.


Reserve has flat surface with minor erosion by the rivers of Shavi Ghele  and Togoni and by a few water drains. It is apeat bog, consisting mainly of peat moss with hardly noticeable surface elevations which are called locally peat domes. These minor elevations rise 1–3 m above it surroundings. The bog in this area is composed of a single peat layer with thickness from 5 m up to 9 m.


Kobuleti Managed Reserve arranged trails, so that visitors can carry out educational tours. It is possible to rent skis and walk along sphagnum bog.


The Kohala Bridge across the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus River, forms part of one of the land routes from the Azad Kashmir to Punjab, Pakistan.
The bridge is located at the town of Kohala, 38 kilometres (24 mi) north of Murree and 35 km south of Muzaffarabad. A bridge was constructed in 1877 and vanished in an 1890 flood.  A new transportable steel bridge was constructed in 1899, and in 1990 it too vanished in a flood.  A third bridge was constructed on the north edge of Union Council Birote Kalan, Abbottabad District, in 1993.


In the beginning of the 17th century, the eastern city gate, Østerport, was located at the eastern ramparts of Copenhagen, Østervold, which ran along the western edge of the area later to become Kongens Nytorv with the eastern city gate located at the end of the street Østergade. Outside the gate, an undulating terrain extended towards the sea. As part of Christian IV's ambitious plans to strengthen Copenhagen as a regional centre, he wanted to double the area of the fortified city, he acquired 200 hectares of land outside Østerport in 1606. To protect the new city district, called New Copenhagen (Danish: Ny København) or Saint Anne's Town (Danish: Sankt Annæ By), he started construction of a redoubt, Saint Anne's Post (Danish: Sankt Annæ Skanse), at the site later to become Kastellet. In 1627 a customs house was added at the site. In the beginning of the 1640s  the old Østervold was abandoned altogether in favour of the new ramparts further north, and the location of the King's new square, Kongens Nytorv, was decided in 1647 with the construction of the street Godtersgade in 1647. According to a masterplan from created by the fortification engineer Axel Urups, Kongens Nytorv was to be connected to the sea by a canal.


At this time, under the reign of Frederik III, the site was a chaotic area, dominated by remains of the old ramparts and piles of garbage, almost made unpassable when wet weather transformed it into a muddy morass. Due to the topography and obstructed character of the premises, the site was popularly known as Hallandsåsen, a reference to the horst by the same name which had to be traversed when traveling from Scania and Halland.
Shortly after Christian V was crowned in 1670, he decided to level and cobble the square. This decision was taken mainly for military reasons, its strategic location with almost the same distance to all points along the ramparts of the city making it well suited as a central alarm square. At the same time, the square was to serve as a place royale with inspiration from France.


Krinsen is an old form of the Danish word Krans, meaning circle or wreath. It is an elliptical parterre surrounding the statue of Christian V. The ellipse was a favoured geometrical shape at the time, an obvious example bing the elliptical pattern in the paving around the Marcus Aurelius statue at Piazza del Campidoglio. Around the parterre, two rows of trees were planted. In 1711, the garden complex was remodelled, before it was given up in 1747 the garden was removed to make room for military drills, with some of the trees being dug altogether up, leaving only the equestrian statue. Some of the trees were dug up and reused for the establishment of the avenue Østre Allé. New rows of elm trees were planted around the statue in 1855-56, but by 1998 they were dying from Dutch elm disease and removed. In 2001, 80 lime trees were planted as part of a major refurbishment of the square.


On the square stands an old kiosk and telephone stand from 1913. It is built in Baroque Revival style with a copper-clad roof and hand-carved ornamentation. It also used to offer the first public telephonic connection in Copenhagen from where it was possible to call every day except Sunday from 10 am to 8 pm. Today it houses a small café with outdoor service.


Built 1672-1683, Charlottenborg Palace is the oldest building on the square. It is now home to the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts as well as the exhibition space Kunsthal Charlottenborg.
The Harsdorff House (No. 3-5,) was built in 1780 to design by Caspar Frederik Harsdorff.  The building's facade was to serve as a model for the many master builders of the time who had little or no academic training.
The Royal Danish Theatre's current building (No. 1) is from 1872–74 and was designed by Wilhelm Dahlerup. Its Art Nouveau-style 1931 extension Stærekassen, which spans the street Tordenskjoldsgade, was built both as an extension of the theatre and a new home for Danmarks Radio.


No. 26 was built for the Great Northern Telegraph Company in 1898. The company was headquartered in the building until 2008. The building is from 1767. Hotel D'Angleterre (No. 34) is one of the oldest and most prestigious hotels in Copenhagen. The current building is from 1874)
Magasin du Nord (No. 13), a leading department, opened in 1893-94. Hviids Vinstue (No. 19( is the oldest tavern in Copenhagen.


The square is frequently used as an open-air exhibition venue, especially for photo exhibitions.


In winter a 2,200 m² (23,681 sq ft) circular ice skating rink is constructed around Krinsen. Skating is free of charge and ice skate rental is available.


As an old tradition, graduating high school students from the Copenhagen area, when they graduate in June, come to Kongens Nytorv in buses, trucks or horse wagons to dance and run around Krinsen, throwing their graduation caps into the air, celebrating their graduation.


Kongsvinger Fortress (Norwegian: Kongsvinger festning) is located in the city and municipality of Kongsvinger in the county of Hedmark, Norway. It is situated on a hill west and north of the Glomma river, standing astride the ancient Vinger Royal Road, which connected Norway and Värmland, Sweden as well as on the north-south Norwegian route along the Glomma. As Kongsvinger formed a key junction point for these routes, fortifications were constructed there to protect against invasion from the east.


In the spring of 1643 the Swedish Privy Council determined that their military strength made territorial gains at the expense of Denmark/Norway likely. The Count drew up the plan for war and directed a surprise multiple-front attack on Denmark and Norway in May. Norway, which was then governed by Christian's son-in-law, Statholder (royal governor) Hannibal Sehested, was a reluctant participant. Some Finnish people in the Finnskogen, who had migrated from Sweden and whose loyalties were often with Sweden, were caught spying on Norwegian troops at Vinger.  A rather desultory war between Sweden and Norway, often called the Hannibal War, resulted from 1643 to 1645. Vinger was the staging area for several minor Norwegian invasions into Sweden as this final episode of the Thirty Years' War was completed. The most important consequence of this war was that the royal governor identified the need for fortifications at Vinger and elsewhere along the border and initiated a tax for the purpose. Since there was great discontent, this tax burden was lifted in 1646 by Christian IV of Denmark and Norway; as a result no fortification construction was begun at that time.
In 1673, Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve wrote that construction was underway on a defensive structure on top of a hill. Once completed, it would dominate the river and the existing sconce by the ferry crossing. This structure was called Vinger Sconce or Gyldenborg and was a precursor to Kongsvinger Fortress. It was never attacked during the Scanian War, which broke out in 1675, but it did fire its cannons against a Swedish reconnaissance unit. An attack was launched from Vinger in February 1679, but it was unable to penetrate deep into Sweden due to insufficient artillery.
Following the war, fortifications were improved along the border toward Sweden. Plans were made for a star-shaped fortress and construction began in 1682 on the site of the old Vinger Sconce. The new fortress was named Königs Winger, which has since become Kongsvinger, both meaning King's Vinger. Today, Øvrebyen, the old Kongsvinger uptown area around the fortress is dominated by wooden buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries, laid out in the typical right angle square plan - by architect Major General Johan Caspar von Cicignon - popular in this period.
In 1709, during the Great Northern War, Norway was mobilized and by the end of October 1709, 1,500 men were stationed at Kongsvinger. When in 1716 it became apparent that the Charles XII of Sweden intended to invade, three fortresses along the Swedish border were again extensively manned: Kongsvinger Fortress, Basmo Fortress and  Fredriksten Fortress. The attack fell on Basmo and Kongsvinger was bypassed.


Although a significant part of the Norwegian border fortification during several wars with Sweden, Kongsvinger never saw attack. The closest offensive occurred in 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars, when a Swedish column advanced against the fortress of Kongsvinger. They reached the Glomma River after a victory at Lier on 18 April, but did not cross the river and invest the fortress. On 10 March 1809 an interim armistice was signed at Kongsvinger.
Later, in 1814, the most bloody battle between Swedish invaders and defending Norwegian forces during the Napoleonic Wars took place at Matrand, a short distance from Kongsvinger on the Eidskog road. The Swedish lost 337 men, compared with 139 killed and wounded on the Norwegian side.
Aasmund Olavsson Vinje (1818–1870) was a famous Norwegian poet and journalist who wrote in his Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860, "One of the finest views in the country is to stand at Kongsvinger Fortress and gaze down the Glomma."


In 1905, when the union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved, a neutral zone was established in which all fortifications were to be demolished. Kongsvinger lay just outside this zone and the fortification survived.
Nazi Germany invaded Norway on 9 April 1940. Although not invested, Norwegian fortresses fell under German control. In August 1942 a school providing four-week course in national socialist ideology opened for the Germanske SS Norge at Kongsvinger Fortress.  Several classes graduated there.


1682 Lieutenant Colonel Georg Reichwein 21.10.1682 -17.02.1689
1689 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Braun 18.02.1689 - 17.07.1689
1689 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Nicolai Mollerup 18.07.1689 - 09.02.1700
           Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Ole Brun 10.02.1700 - 30.04.1700
1700 Colonel Markvard Otto Mangelsen 01.05.1700 - 11.03.1703
           Acting: Unknown 12.03.1703 - 26.03.1703
1703 Major Johan Otto Sesterfleth 27.03.1703 - 03.02.1713
           Acting: Major Giert Chr. von Hirch 01.01.17.13 - 21.05.1713
1713 Major Jacob Matheson 22.05.1713 - 26.07.1724
           Acting:Claus Emhausen 27.07.1724 - 01.11.1724
1724 Lieutenant Colonel Johan Junge 02.11.1724 - 06.12.1745
          Acting: Unknown 07.12.1745 -10.01.1746
1746 Lieutenant Colonel Hans Olai Fremmen 11.01.1746 - 13.10.1746
          Acting: Captain Christen Bille 14.10.1746 - 10.01.1747
1747 Colonel baron Mogens Holck 11.01.1747 - 18.11.1764
          Acting: Unknown 19.11.1764 - 30.11.1764
          Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Valentin Huitfeldt 01.12.1764 - 31.08.1765
          Acting: Captain David Loeseke 01.09.1765 - 31.01.1766
1766 Lieutenant General Johan Ludvig Maximilian Biellart 01.02.1766 - 07.10.1798
          Acting: Unknown 08.10.1798 - 22.10.1798
1798 Colonel Niels Harbou 23.10.1798 - 23.11.1802
1802 Colonel Bernhard Ditlev von Staffeldt 24.11.1802 - 24.10.1807
          Acting: Major Andreas Samuel Krebs 01.07.1807 - 24.10.1807
1807 Colonel Werner Nicolai de Saue 25.10.1807 - 28.03.1808
1808 Colonel Gottfried Carl Gotlob von Blucher 29.03.1808 - 04.09.1808
1808 Colonel Johan Andreas Cornelis Ohme 05.09.1808 - 19.10.1808
1808 Major Friedrich Johan Wilhelm Haffner 20.10.1808 - 28.09.1808
1809 Major Johan Wilhelm Bruenech Stabell 29.09.1808 - 21.02.1810
1810 Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Samuel Krebs 22.02.1810 - 07.07.1814
1814 Lieutenant Colonel Benoni d'Aubert 08.02.1814 - 18.09.1817
           Acting: Colonel Andreas Samuel Krebs 01.06.1815 - 18.09.1817
1817 Lieutenant Colonel Nicolai Reichswein Huitfeldt 19.09.1817 - 16.10.1835
           Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Magnus Chr. Fritzner 17.10.1835 - 21.06.1836
           Acting: Captain Lars Bierkebæk 22.06.1836 - 21.03.1837
1837 Colonel Wilhelm Sissener 22.03.1837 - 29.12.1846
           Acting: Captain Hans Jacob Fisher 30.12.1846 - 09.07.1847
1847 Colonel Peder Bernhard Anker 10.07.1847 - 13.06.1849
           Acting: Captain Frederik D. Werenskiold 14.06.1849 -05.09.1849
1849  Major General Erik Theodor Anker 06.09.1849 -24.08.1858
           Acting: Captain Frederik D. Werenskiold 1.10.1849 - 30.03.1850
           Acting: Riding Master Carsten Anker 25.08.1858 -04.03.1859
1859 Captain Frederik Daniel Werenskiold 05.03.1859 - 13.04.1878
1878 Lieutenant Colonel Jonas Severin Dessen 14.04.1878 - 31.10.1882
1882 Lieutenant Colonel Christopher Frederik Lowsow 01.11.1882 - 19.01.1883
           Acting: Captain Hans Christian Schjorn 20.01.1893 - 31.05.1893
1893 Captain Hans Christian Schjorn 01.06.1893 - 17.07.1897
           Acting: Captain W.Gran 14.07.1897 - 31.10.1897
1897 Captain Theodor Emil Lefevre Grimsgaard 01.11.1897 - 30.09.1902
1902 Captain Theodor Flindt Ellerhausen 01.10.1902 - 13.11.1897
           Acting: Captain Theodor L. Grimsgaard. 01.10.1902 - 31.01.1903¨
           Acting: Captain Georg Prahl Harbitz 14.05.1909 - 12.07.1909
1912 Captain Georg Marenius Gottlieb Erdmann 14.11.1912 - 30.09.1930
           Acting: Captain Kristian Emil Gloersen 01.07.1929 - 14.08.1929
           Acting: Captain Trygve Larsen 15.08.1929 - 31.12.1930
1931 Major Kristian Emil Gloersen 01.01.1931 - 11.11.1935
1935 Major Einar Hoch-Nielsen 12.11.1935 - 16-04.1940
           Acting: Major K.E. Gloersen 12.11.1935 - 01.01.1936
1940       Acting: The Ortskommandant 17.04.1940 -07.05.1945
1945
   Acting: The Home Forces Rolf Syversen 08.05.1945 - 31.07.1945
           Acting: The Home forces Helge Andersen 01.08.1945 - 31.12.1945
1946 Lieutenant Colonel Einar Haganæs 01.01.1946 - 26.03.1946
           Acting: Captain H.Lien 27.03.1946 - 31.07.1946
1946 Major Gunnar Gundersen 01.08.1946 - 26.03.1946
           Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1949 - 14.05.1950
1950 Major Hans Kvernsjoli 15.05.1950 - 01.04.1953
           Acting:Captain Endre Einum 15.05.1950 - 02.06.1950
           Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1951 - 30.06.1951
           Acting: Captain Endre Einum 01.01.1953 - 13.07.1953
1953 Major Arne Sekkelsten 14.07.1953 - 31.03.1955
           Acting: Captain Thomas Julsrud 01.04.1955 - 14.12.1955
1955 Major Johannes Orderud 15.12.1955 - 30.08.1958
           Acting: Captain Thomas Julsrud 01.09.1958 - 31.07.1959
1959 Colonel Asle T. Hauglie 01.08.1959 - 04.10.1959
1959 Lieutenant Colonel Bertel Bøhnsmoen 05.10.1959 - 29.11.1974
1974 Lieutenant Colonel Jostein Skaslien 30.11.1974 - 03.08.1978
1978 Lieutenant Colonel Erling Strom 04.08.1978 - 30.11.1979
           Acting: Captain Sverre Holth 01.12.1979 - 21.02.1980
1980 Lieutenant Colonel Helge Skaar 22.02.1980- 30.11.1987
           Acting: Major Kjell Joramo 12.09.1984 - 06.01.1986
           Acting: Major Kjell Joramo 18.08.1986 -31.12.1986
1987 Lieutenant Colonel Odd Ivar Ruud 01.12.1987 - 31.07.1991
1991 Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Søland 01.08.1991 - 31.07.1998
           Acting: Reidar Halvorsen 14.12.1995 - 07.02.1997
1998 Lieutenant Colonel Helge Thomassen 01.08.1998 - 31.07.2005
2005 Major Grethe Bergersen 01.08.2005 - 31.07.2010
           Acting: Lieutenant Colonel Helge Thomassen 01.08.2005 - 31.01.2007
2010 Lieutenant Colonel John Petter Bachke 01.08.2010 - 31.07.2015
2016 Lieutenant Colonel Johnny Sørloth 01.08.2016 - 31.12.2018
           Acting: Major Arnstein Hestnes 01.01.2019 - 12.08.2019
2019 Lieutenant Colonel Arnstein Hestnes 13.08.2019 -


Konopiště Castle ([ˈkonopɪʃcɛ]; German: Schloss Konopischt) is a four-winged, three-storey castle located in Konopiště, now a part of the town of Benešov in Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It has become famous as the last residence of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, whose assassination in Sarajevo triggered World War I. The bullet that killed him, fired by Gavrilo Princip, is now an exhibit at the castle's remote museum.


The castle was apparently established around 1294 by Prague Bishop Tobiáš of Benešov as a Gothic fortification in the style of a French castle with a rectangular plan and round towers protruding from the corners, making the most effective defence possible. Accounts show that the Benešovic family from nearby Benešov were the owners in 1318, and that in 1327 the castle passed into the hands of the Šternberks. In 1468, it was conquered by the troops of George of Poděbrady after a siege that lasted almost two years.
In 1603, the estate was purchased by Dorota Hodějovská of Hodějov, who made Renaissance alterations to the old gothic fortification. The Hodějovský family fortified their property because of their active participation in the anti-Habsburg rebellion in 1620. Albrecht von Waldstein acquired the castle, and after him it was passed to Adam Michna of Vacínov. Michna gained notoriety through his repression of the serfs, who revolted against him and conquered Konopiště in 1657.
The Swedes occupied and plundered Konopiště in 1648, and the Vrtba family then purchased the dilapidated structure. After 1725, they had it transformed into a Baroque style château. The drawbridge was replaced by a stone bridge, and near the east tower a new entrance was inserted in the wall. The gate which embellished it was designed by František Maxmilián Kaňka and featured statues from the workshop of Matthias Bernard Braun. In 1746, the upper levels of four of the towers were destroyed and one tower was completely demolished. During repair of the interiors, mythological and allegorical frescoes were painted on the ceilings of the great hall, and marble fireplaces with carved decorations by Lazar Wildmann were created.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria bought Konopiště in 1887 with his inheritance from the last reigning Duke of Modena. He had it repaired between 1889 and 1894 by the architect Josef Mocker into a luxurious residence, suitable for a future Emperor, which he preferred to his official residence in Vienna. The extensive 225 ha (550-acre) English landscape garden with terraces, a rose garden and statues, was established at the same time.
He invited Wilhelm II, German Kaiser to see his roses early in June 1914. Insofar as they discussed politics, they discussed Romania, but undocumented conspiracy theories about their planning an attack on Serbia or a division of the Austro-Hungarian Empire arose at the time.
Since 1921, the castle has been the property of the Czechoslovak and later Czech state, one of 90 such properties in state ownership. The Ministry of Culture was said to spend more than US$800,000 per year to maintain the castle, and it recovers about as much from entrance ticket sales and rental fees for occasional functions.
In 2000, Princess Sophie von Hohenberg, great-granddaughter of Franz Ferdinand and his morganatic wife Sophie von Hohenberg, filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of the castle to the Hohenberg family, which however was never recognized as part of the House of Habsburg. The lawsuit, filed in Benešov, sought restitution of the castle, 6,070 hectares (15,000 acres) of woodland and a brewery.


Konopiště has been open to the public since 1971. Visitors can observe the residential rooms of Franz Ferdinand, who was also an enthusiastic hunter, a large collection of antlers, the "Obizzi-Este collection" (the third largest European collection of armoury and medieval weapons from Castello del Catajo, Padua, Italy), a shooting hall with moving targets, and a garden with Italian Renaissance statues and greenhouses.


Part of the film The Illusionist was filmed in Konopiště, the prince's castle in the movie.


Marie died on 2 August 1906 and when Margaretha de Wet died on 18 October 1911, the event was anticipated by a group of people interested in the preservation of cultural objects, calling themselves the National Society. Ons Land, a Dutch-language newspaper, had begun the campaign for the preservation of the Koopmans-de Wet House as a historical monument. On 28 October, the National Society weighed in, adding that its content was a treasury of antiques and should be preserved intact. The Municipal Council passed a similar motion on 7 November. Architect Herbert Baker wrote in support from Johannesburg, as did his partner, Frank Masey, from Salisbury.
The wills of the De Wet sisters were ruled legally impossible to execute and the house (27 Strand Street, now no. 35), with all its content, was to be put up for auction. At the beginning of 1913 influential cultural figures Dora Fairbridge, Edward Roworth, William Frederick Purcell, Major William Jardine, Franklin Kaye Kendall, and Fred Glennie were driving the campaign for government purchase of the Koopmans-de Wet Collection. Florence and her husband, the Randlord Lionel Phillips, threw their considerable influence behind the movement from Johannesburg.
Under the patronage of Aletta Johanna, Lady de Villiers, wife of Chief Justice John Henry de Villiers, a meeting was held in the Cape Town City Hall Library on 27 January 1913. Chaired by Annie Botha, wife of Louis Botha, the meeting was attended by powerful personalities: Harry Hands (the Mayor), J. R. Finch (the Town Clerk), Sir James Rose-Innes, Sir William Thorne, Sir Ernest Kilpin, Olive Schreiner, Dr. F.V. Engelenburg, L. Péringuey (Director of the South African Museum), Louis Mansergh, Anna Purcell, Mrs. Marloth (wife of botanist Rudolph Marloth), Dora Fairbridge, Sir Meiring Beck and Mrs. Beaumont Rawbone.
Lionel Philipps moved that the house and contents be preserved for the nation and that General and Executive Committees be formed to engage in fundraising and other necessary activities. He went so far as to propose the members, with Annie Botha and Dora Fairbridge to chair the committees. Florence Phillips was to serve on both. The Rev. A. I. Steytler seconded the motion in Dutch and the proposal was accepted unanimously.
To drum up publicity, Olga Racster began contributing a series of articles on the house and its contents to the Cape Times. Mayor Harry Hands sent letters appealing for donations to all municipalities throughout the Union. Most notably, Johannesburg refused.
On the night of 27 February 1913, Florence Phillips accompanied by Mrs. Grace Douglas Pennant, Mrs. Marloth, and Dr. Purcell, went with Lionel in a deputation to appeal to the Cape Town City Council itself. Lionel and Senator Sir Meiring Beck  addressed the Council with the result of £1000 being voted (later reduced to £500 by a meeting of ratepayers). Amid bitter political division, the House of Assembly united briefly behind a national issue and allocated £3000 for the purchase of furniture.
Dr. Purcell, Mr. J. R. Finch, Mr. A. E. F. Gore and Florence Phillips were selected to choose the furniture and objects which were to be retained for the Collection. The painter Edward Roworth, who was in 1941 to be made Director of the South African National Gallery, assisted in the selection of the pictures. After inspecting 2089 lots, it was agreed to purchase 356. The General Committee designated Dr. Purcell to bid.
The sale, conducted by J. J. Hofmeyer & Son, started on 17 March 1913 and was to last ten days. The first eight days took place at the Good Hope Hall, Cape Town; the last two at the house in Strand Street. Viewing only started on 15 March, and viewers were not allowed to touch any of the pieces. A sparse catalogue and less than ideal viewing conditions put the Committee, which had been able to inspect at their leisure, at a considerable advantage.
The sale was controversial. William R. Morrison, an Africana dealer and collector, wrote ten highly critical reports in the Cape Times, and on the evening of the first day the Government allocation of public funds came under heavy attack in the House and had to be defended by Lionel Philips and Abraham Fischer.
Overvaluations abounded: a brass flower-bowl sold for £8 5s, prompting Morrison to quip that brass is counted among the precious metals in Cape Town. Another brass bowl sold for £9 10s. Bargains included a Louis XVI ormolu box, with mother of pearl lid, and inlaid enamel, by Vervain, sold for 26 shillings. A Louis XV silver cruet, with cut glass bottles and castors sold for £30.
Dr. Purcell was able to make his allotted purchases. He secured 374 lots, which he estimated to be 21% of the total. There were 69 pieces of furniture, 39 works of copper and brass, 28 pieces of Sheffield plate, 41 silver items, 110 pieces of glass and 196 ceramic articles. The Sheffield plate included the Breda service consisting of 3 branched candelabra, 5 entrée dishes, 4 covered dishes and 2 sauce-tureens. It was bought in London in the 1834 for Michiel van Breda of Oranjezicht, with slave emancipation money. It set the Committee back £500 10s.
The most important silver items were Dutch, of which an engraved konvoor and kettle were notable. Among the glass was a tumbler, engraved with a portrait of Louis XVI, presented by him to a member of the de Lettre family.
A total of £4032 was realised.
The Koopmans-de Wet House would be auctioned on 8 April 1913. Lionel Phillips and his committee met in the night of 7 April, to formally resolve to buy the house and then hand it over to the South African Museum. The next day the public Committee bought the house for £2800 and formally donated it, along with Dr. Purcell's purchases, to the State.


Dr. Purcell was not the only successful bidder in 1913. William R. Morrison was asked by the Kimberley Library to purchase a number of rare South African books. The Kimberley Public Library Annual Report, submitted at the Annual General Meeting held on 4 March 1914 records that he was "successful in securing at very modest prices a considerable number of excessively rare books for our African collection". Morrison had spent £19 6/6 in total.
Amongst the rarities acquired were the 21 volumes of Historische Beschryving der Reizen of nieuwe en volkoome Verzameling van de aller waardigste en zeldsaamste zee- en landtogten printed in 1747 by Pieter de Hondt in The Hague. Sebastian Franck's Dat wereltboek, spiegel ende Beeltnisse des gheleelen Aertbodems, in vier boecken (te wetenim Asiam, Africam, Europam ende Americam) gealtelt ende afgedeylt, written in 1531 and published in 1562 and 1563, was sold bound with his Chronica, zytboeck en geschiet bibel van aenbegin tot MDXXXIII, written in 1534.
Another rarity from the Koopmans-de Wet House library was Abraham Josias Sluysken's handwritten report on the capitulation of the Cape to the British forces under Admiral Sir George Elphinstone on 10 June 1795. This manuscript was later purchased by the Kimberley Public Library (through Morrison) with the aid of a donation by De Beers.


Woodward believes Marie Koopmans-de Wet amassed the first important ceramics collection in South Africa. Lady Charlotte Guest, herself a knowledgeable collector of ceramics, visited Marie and Margaretha at home on 10 December 1883 and wrote in her journal of "a great deal of good china".
The sale of 1913 included 147 pieces of Chinese porcelain, 20 of Japanese porcelain and 29 of Delft and other earthenware. Purcell noted 142 pieces of blue-and-white Chinese porcelain of a type exported in quantity from China.
Nankin porcelain came to the Cape in large quantities and Marie Koopmans-de Wet was a collector. She owned an intact Nankin service, still on display at Koopmans-de Wet House. The sale of 1913 contained 43 lots of Nankin, fetching over £88. Purcell acquired so many that Morrison was to decry the purchases as Kitchen Nankin on the 7th day of sale. For whatever reason, Purcell chose to purchase ceramics typical of the prosperous town house of the early nineteenth century Cape, and not necessarily of the original collection.
One ceramic piece of major importance was bought in 1913 for £53. It is a bottle shaped vase, enamelled in famille rose with sprays of fruiting peach, bearing the Ch'ien Lung seal mark and of the period.


The façade of the building speaks of strong Neoclassical influence, with four pilasters, the inner ones topped by a pediment. It dates from slightly before 1793 and has been attributed to the French architect Louis Michel Thibault, although this attribution is unfounded. Linscheid argues that Koopmans-de Wet House has the only façade known to carry the proportions of the golden ratio through to every detail.
Early Cape floors and beams were of Podocarpus wood, but by the time Thunberg visited the Cape (1772–1775) supplies were dwindling and inland stores such as Olifantsbosch and Grootvadersbosch were near exhaustion. Later additions to Cape houses typically have wood imported from Europe or the East Indies, Koopmans-de Wet House having many examples. The portal has a teak and plaster architrave, a shaped teak transom and projecting lantern. Banisters are of teak with stinkwood returns. The ceilings are of teak throughout.


The late 18th century drawing room is furnished with examples of Cape furniture. A bureau cabinet of stinkwood and chestnut (height 252 cm, width 133 cm, depth 70 cm) was made in the Cape of Good Hope (1750–1760) with Cape silver keyplates dating from circa 1800.
There are miniatures above the fireplace depicting unknown persons, but also known Cape personalities: Petrus Borchardus Borcherds, who lived at what was no. 7 Strand Street until 1845, Susanna van der Poel (1743–1840) and Anna Geertruida Wykerd.
The room includes a convex mirror with gilded frame (1810–1820) in the French Empire style, a sofa from the Cape Orphan Chamber, and a pair of Sheffield plate candelabra in the neoclassical style. The gabled display cabinet of stinkwood contains a service made c.1800 for Rudolph Cloete of Constantia. The Koopmans-de Wet collection has about 50 pieces of this service, of which the rest is at the Alphen Hotel.


A sedan chair which belonged to Maria Margaretha Horak, Marie Koopmans-de Wet's maternal grandmother, is kept here. The brass chandelier bears the name of Martinus Lourens Smith and dates from c.1780. It is one of a pair made for the Lutheran Church. The other chandelier hangs at Kersefontein.


A Cape 18th century day-bed and a box of amboyna and ebony, said to have been the shrough box, in which Maria Margaretha Horak kept her burial clothes, can be seen in this room.


The music room with its square piano from around 1830 is notable for its painted friezes and a medallion painted above the fireplace. In one corner stands a stinkwood Cape gabled corner cupboard with silver escutcheon plates. Japanese Imari porcelain garniture is set on top of the cornice.
Important ceramics in this room include a covered baluster jar which dates from the 17th century, which is one of the earliest pieces in the house. Armorial porcelain, part of a service made between 1740 and 1755, can be viewed in the flat pedimented display cabinet. There are two plates bearing the arms of John White, an Englishman who came to the Cape in 1700. He married into a Dutch family and Batavianized his name to Jan de Wit. He became a prominent Cape citizen and held the position of Burgher Councillor on several occasions. De Wit died in 1755, at the age of 77. The plates might be the earliest examples of armorial porcelain in South Africa.
The Louis XV settee of Andaman Padauk (Pterocarpus dalbergioides), possibly of Eastern origin was once used in the Wale Street office of the civil commissioner of the Cape, prior to that in the office of the Council of Policy at the Castle, and presented by Sir Frederic de Waal.


A Batavian-styled ebony and cane armchair (height 88.5 cm, seat height 39 cm, width 57 cm, depth 46 cm) was probably made in the Cape between 1680 and 1700. There is a 19th-century Frisian tail clock or Staartklok from the 19th century.
A transitional Tulbagh armchair (height 103 cm, seat height 41 cm, width 62 cm, depth 50 cm), with its combination of old and new styles was of Cape origin (1690–1740) is an example of the style that would be typical of the Cape chair in the early 18th century.


The house contains several armoires, of which Dorothea Fairbridge, believes the finest is a rococo cabinet (height 270 cm, width 220 cm, depth 72 cm) of stinkwood with amboyna. It is gable-topped with flat spaces on which would have been placed blue Nankin or Delftware garnitures. It rests on claw feet and retains its original silver escutcheons and handles by Daniel Heinrich Schmidt, a Cape silversmith. The handles date the cabinet to between 1780 and 1790. This cabinet might be one of three that belonged to Hendrik de Wet at the time of his death in 1802, but it was certainly in its present upstairs bedroom location when Margaretha de Wet died. The armoire, listed in the 1913 sale catalogue as lot 2308, was purchased for £100.
A pair of rare corner chairs, along with the only known illustration of a square corner chair, in the family portrait of merchant Joachim Wernich, his wife Anna Margaretha van Reenen and their daughter (67 x 90 cm; dated 1754), by Peter Willem Regnault, further distinguishes this room. The chairs are of stinkwood and cane with panel-and frame construction, chamfered edges, twist-turned legs and stretchers.


The cheval mirror (1810–1820), in the French Empire style, was reputedly part of the cargo intended for Napoleon Bonaparte's friend, Henri Gatien Bertrand, who stayed with him when he was banished to St. Helena. The islanders prevented the cargo from being off-loaded and sent it on to the Cape, where it was auctioned on the quay and the mirror bought by Marie Koopmans-de Wet's maternal grandfather, Jan Andries Horak.


The original fortification was built by Karelians but the castle seen today is from medieval times. It was first mentioned in a Novgorodian chronicle of 1143 as Korela, and archaeological digs have revealed a layer belonging to the 12th century. Swedish chronicles first reported of the settlement of Keksholm in 1294. Until the 16th century, the fortress belonged to the Novgorod Republic, followed by Muscovy. Novgorodians built the current stone bastions and towers in 1364 after a fire had destroyed the original wooden fortress in 1360.
During a Swedish-Novgorodian war in 1314, a small Karelian force re-captured their fortress from the representatives of Novgorod. They invited Swedes to keep it against Novgorod; however, the Novgorodians reconquered the fortress. The fortress was confirmed as belonging to Novgorod in the treaty of Nöteborg of 1323.


Soon after their seizure of Korela in 1580, the Swedes rebuilt the fortress following a Western European pattern of bastion fortifications. In the Treaty of Teusina of 1595 Sweden undertook to return Korela to Russia. This was effected in 1597. During the subsequent Ingrian War starting 1610, Gustavus Adolphus restored Swedish control of the castle and the whole area. During the Time of Troubles, Korela was a prize promised by Vasily IV of Russia to Jacob De la Gardie as part of the Swedish De la Gardie Campaign to assist Russia against the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth.  They were incorporated with Sweden as Kexholms län in the peace of Stolbovo in 1617. The fortress and the region remained with Sweden until Peter the Great captured the fortress and parts of Kexholms län during the Great Northern War.


In October 1996, the opening scene of the film Brother was filmed outside the walls of the fortress. In the scene, the protagonist, Danila Bagrov, walks onto a filming set for a Nautilus Pompilius music video.


Korsvägen (literary ”the cross road”) is a public square and transport hub in the events district of Gothenburg, Sweden. Many important event venues and visitor attractions are located on or near Korsvägen, including the Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre and Gothia Towers hotel, the Universeum science centre, the Museum of World Culture, Scandinavium and the amusement park Liseberg.
Major infrastructure work was carried out during the 1990s. Korsvägen is the hub of popular culture and events in Gothenburg in the same way as Götaplatsen is the cultural hub.


Kostel Castle (Slovene: Grad Kostel) is a castle above the settlement of Kostel in southeastern Slovenia. It is located on a steep hill above the Kolpa River, not far from the Croatian border.


The site was originally occupied by a smaller fortification, which was expanded into a castle between 1247 and 1325 by the Counts of Ortenburg, vassals of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. First mentioned in 1336 as castrum Grafenwarth, its current name is first recorded in 1449 as Costel, a corruption of the Latin castrum 'fortress'. After the extinction of the Counts Ortenburg on 28 April 1418, the Counts of Celje inherited their area holdings, expanding the castle into a formidable fortress and renaming it Schloss Grauenwarth, although the surrounding settlement retained the Slavicised Latin name Kostel.
The castle and settlement were both surrounded by a high, two meter thick wall featuring five defence towers, built by order of Frederik II of Celje. The castle's purpose was the defence of the house's landholdings in Carniola; it also housed a local judiciary, and had its own dedicated execution site about 1 km away.
After the death of prince Ulrich II of Celje in 1456 and the extinction of the house, the castle was taken over by the Habsburgs, who eventually granted the settlement market rights, giving rise to a new colloquial name, Trg 'market town'.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the castle was an important strategic fortification against Ottoman invasions. With many of the countries of southeastern Europe occupied by or paying tribute to the Ottoman Empire, Slovenia became exposed to further Ottoman inroads into Europe. The castle, standing along one of the Ottomans' common incursion routes into Slovenia, came under attack several times. Only in 1578 did the castle fall, when the garrison accepted supposed refugees from the Ottomans, but who opened the door that night to the Ottoman forces, who killed and captured the inhabitants of the castle and its village and the surrounding region. The depopulated area was then settled by numerous Uskoks.


The Koza Han (Turkish: Koza Hanı, lit. 'inn of the silk cocoon') is a historic caravanserai (han) in Bursa, Turkey. It is located in the heart of the city's historic market district.


Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, was also its center of silk production and trade. Particularly in the 14th to 16th centuries, a large number of commercial structures such as hans (caravanserais), bazaars (covered markets), and a bedesten were built in the city center, forming a major zone of economic activity. (At least 13 of these structures have survived today despite numerous earthquakes.) It is here, next to the old Orhan Gazi Mosque, that Sultan Bayezid II ordered the construction of the Koza Han in February or March of 1490. The architect was a man named Abdul Ula Bin Pulad Shah, and the building opened in September 1491. Through the waqf system, the revenues of the han were earmarked to finance the upkeep of Bayezid's mosque complex in Istanbul.
As a caravanserai, the han provided lodging for foreign merchants, storage for their animals and goods, housing for the workshops of craftsmen, and/or offices for conducting business. The Koza Han was one of the largest and most important examples in Bursa. In the early 16th century the commercial agent of the Medicis of Florence had his office in this building. It continued to be a center of silk trade throughout its history, with expensive silk shops still present in the building today, although the industry is no longer as prominent as it once was. In addition to silk textiles, its trade also included the production and sale of silk cocoons themselves (hence its name). The han has also undergone numerous restorations and repairs, including in 1630, 1671 and 1784. The small mosque at its center was most recently restored in 1946 and in 2007. Queen Elizabeth II visited the han in the company of Turkish President Abdullah Gül in 2008. Today the han also contains cafés and tea gardens.


The han is built in alternating layers of brick and stone, which forms part of the decorative visual effect of its exterior. Like most typical caravanserais, it has a rectangular floor plan with a large central courtyard measuring 45.9 by 37.5 metres. Around the courtyard runs a two-story gallery that gives access to small vaulted rooms that ring the complex. The ground floor contains 50 rooms and the upper floor has 54 rooms. At the center of the courtyard is a small octagonal stone mosque or prayer room (mescit) which is raised above the ground on 8 pillars and reached by a marble staircase. The reason for this elevation was to make sure the mosque was not soiled by pack animals which were kept by merchants on the ground floor. Under the mosque, at ground level, is a fountain and washing area for ritual ablutions. The han is entered via a monumental stone and brick portal that projects from the rest of the building's façade. The portal is decorated with a spiral moulding along its edges, as well as with geometric patterns made of inset coloured tile on the spandrels above the archway.


Kråkenes Lighthouse (Norwegian: Kråkenes fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Kinn Municipality in Vestland, Norway.  It is located on a rocky, knife-like promontory jutting out of the northwestern tip of the island of Vågsøy.


It was first lit in 1906 and automated in 1986.    The original lighthouse was destroyed by fire following an Allied air raid in 1945.  The current lighthouse now houses a restaurant and has rooms available for overnight accommodations.
The 10-metre (33 ft) tall lighthouse is attached to the seaward side of a 2+1⁄2-story wood keeper's house built into the rocky shoreline.  The building is white and the lighthouse portion has a red roof.  The light sits at an elevation of 42.5 metres (139 ft) above sea level and it emits a white, red or green light, depending on direction, occulting once every 6 seconds.  The light can be seen for up to 12.8 nautical miles (23.7 km; 14.7 mi).


The Kraków Barbican (Polish: Barbakan Krakowski) is a barbican – a fortified outpost once connected to the city walls. It is a historic gateway leading into the Old Town of Kraków, Poland. The barbican is one of the few remaining relics of the complex network of fortifications and defensive barriers that once encircled the royal city of Kraków in the south of Poland. It currently serves as a tourist attraction and venue for a variety of exhibitions.
Today the Barbican is under the jurisdiction of The Historical Museum of the City of Kraków. Tourists may tour its interior with its displays outlining the historical development of fortifications in Kraków.


The Gothic-style barbican, built around 1498, is one of only three such fortified outposts still surviving in Europe, and the best preserved. It is a moated cylindrical brick structure with an inner courtyard 24.4 meters in diameter, and seven turrets. Its 3-meter-thick walls hold 130 embrasures. The barbican was originally linked to the city walls by a covered passageway that led through St. Florian's Gate and served as a checkpoint for all who entered the city.
The Poles built the barbican fearing an attack by the Ottoman Empire after the defeat of King John I Albert at the Battle of the Cosmin Forest.
The Barbican participated in the defense of Kraków in 1587 against the Siege of Kraków (1587) by Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, in the Siege of Kraków (1655) and the Siege of Kraków (1657), and Russian troops during the Polish–Russian War of 1792.
The building was threatened with demolition early in the 19th Century. However, in 1817 two senators of the Free City of Kraków, Feliks Radwanski and Jan Librowski, convinced the Senate to preserve the Barbican and other parts of the old fortifications.


Considered a masterpiece of medieval military engineering, the circular fortress of the Kraków's Barbakan was added to the city's fortifications along the coronation route in the late 15th century, based on Arabic rather than European defensive strategy. On its eastern wall, a tablet commemorates the feat of a Kraków burgher, Marcin Oracewicz, who, during the Bar Confederation, defended the town against the Russians and shot their Colonel Panin, according to a legend, using a czamara button instead of a bullet.


In 1999, Six Flags Great Adventure spent $42 million on new attractions including a prototype Floorless Coaster by Bolliger & Mabillard, Medusa (later Bizarro). The immediate popularity of the ride led SeaWorld Orlando and three other amusement parks to announce plans to install Floorless Coasters in 2000; aside from the announcement of Kraken on May 6, 1999, Six Flags Discovery Kingdom announced Medusa, Geauga Lake announced Dominator, and Six Flags Fiesta Texas announced Superman: Krypton Coaster. Kraken was announced as costing approximately $18–20 million. Kraken's announcement more than one year out from its opening was an attempt by the park to drive international attendance.
Construction for the ride was well underway in January 2000. During construction, Superior Rigging & Erection was responsible for erecting the supports and track of the roller coaster.
On June 1, 2000, Kraken officially opened to the public. At the time of opening Kraken held the record for the tallest and longest roller coaster in the state of Florida. It held this record until 2006 when Disney's Animal Kingdom opened the 4,424-foot-long (1,348 m) Expedition Everest.


On September 27, 2016, the park announced that the ride would undergo extensive refurbishment and reopen in 2017 with virtual reality headsets. It reopened as Kraken Unleashed on June 16, 2017. This update also featured an original orchestral score by Rick McKee for the VR film, as well as original area music. In early 2018, the virtual reality headsets were removed from the attraction’s ride vehicles and the ride went back to being Kraken due to technical difficulties. They returned to the ride in June 2018. Later that summer, the virtual reality was permanently removed due to slow dispatches and excessive wait times.
In 2022, Kraken was repainted with seafoam green track and dark teal supports.


The 4,177-foot-long (1,273 m) Kraken stands 153 feet (47 m) tall. With a top speed of 65 miles per hour (105 km/h), the ride was the fastest roller coaster at SeaWorld Orlando until the opening of Mako in summer 2016. The ride features seven inversions including two vertical loops, a dive loop, a spiraling camelback (zero-g roll), a cobra roll and a flat spin (corkscrew).


Kraken operates with three floorless trains. Each train seats 32 riders in eight rows of four. This gives the ride a theoretical hourly capacity of 1500 riders per hour. The open-air trains feature seats which leave riders' legs dangling above the track. Riders are restrained with over-the-shoulder restraints. As the trains are floorless, the station has a retractable floor for safe boarding.


Kraken is themed after the mythological sea monster of the same name, kept caged by Poseidon. Much of the ride is located above water, with three sections featuring subterranean dives. The ride's station and surrounding area are themed as Kraken's lair. Eels are said to be Kraken's young and therefore feature throughout the ride's queue. A SeaWorld Orlando spokesman stated "although it's a roller coaster, the theme of the ride brings it back to the sea, and to our (SeaWorld Orlando's) core".


After riders have boarded, the station floor is retracted and the front gates open. Kraken departs with a right U-turn out of the station. This leads directly to the 153-foot-tall (47 m) chain lift hill. At the top, the train crests the lift hill and follows a fairly level turn to the right before dropping 144 feet (44 m) towards the ground. The ride then enters the first 128-foot-tall (39m) vertical loop followed by a diving loop, passing by Mako's lift hill. A spiraling camelback (zero-g roll), where riders experience a feeling of weightlessness, is followed by a cobra roll. A banked turn to the left leads into the mid-course brake run. The exit from the mid-course brake run drops down directly into the second vertical loop. A subterranean dive into Kraken's lair is followed by a corkscrew. The ride concludes with a final brake run and a short path back to the station.


The Orlando Sentinel commended the ride for "perfect timing and keeping folks guessing", giving the ride ratings of 4 out of 5 for both thrill and theming. Sentinel reporter Dewayne Bevil ranks the ride at number 7 in his Top 50 Orlando Theme Park Attractions list. Although it was reported that the ride would be more exciting than The Incredible Hulk at the nearby Islands of Adventure theme park, Mike Thomas of the Sentinel concluded that "Hulk clobbers the competition", with Kraken taking the number two spot. In an interview for the Los Angeles Times, Jerry Dane of the Florida Coaster Club described the floorless experience like "you are hung out there open and free". Dane also commended the ride's ability to provide different, yet equally good experiences in a variety of seats. In 2012, Kraken was featured on the Travel Channel TV series Insane Coaster Wars, and received first place in the public-voted "Wrong Way Up" category. Theme Park Review's Robb Alvey shared the view that Kraken was better than the competition which included Dollywood's Wild Eagle and Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom's Hydra the Revenge.
In Amusement Today's annual Golden Ticket Awards, Kraken was ranked in the top 50 steel roller coasters numerous times since its opening. It debuted on the poll at position 48 in 2003, peaked at position 23 in 2004, before it off the poll in 2009.
Early reception to Kraken Unleashed was mixed, with theme park enthusiasts noting long dispatch times as the main detractor. Overall VR experience seemed to be positive, however.


Only Remaining Covered Bridge in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, the historic Kreidersville Covered Bridge was built in 1839.
In 1959, inspired citizens of Northampton County rallied for its preservation after it became known that the State Highway Department had plans to build a new concrete bridge in its place. Kreidersville Covered Bridge became one of the first covered bridges to be recognized for preservation by a committee of enthusiasts. In 1959, they formed a State organization called "The Theodore Burr Covered Bridge Society of Pennsylvania". The society was named for the arched truss patented by Theodore Burr and used in the construction of the bridge.
In 1960, The Burr Covered Bridge Society, together with The Harmony Grange and local citizens, influenced the Northampton County Commissioners to accept ownership after the Pennsylvania State Highway Department restored the bridge. Kreidersville Covered Bridge crosses the Hokendauqua Creek. Its length is 116 feet. On September 30, 1961, State, County and local representatives took part in the re-dedication of the bridge, then known as Solt's Bridge. Kreidersville Covered Bridge in olden days was known in the community as "Hummel's - Koch's - Solt's Bridge." They were names of families who lived near the bridge in years gone by.
The Kreidersville Covered Bridge is a Burr truss wooden covered bridge that crosses the Hokendauqua Creek in Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Its length is 116 feet. The bridge is now owned by the township and is the only covered bridge remaining in Northampton County. It is the last stop on the Lehigh Valley Covered Bridge tour through Northampton and Lehigh county. There are seven covered bridges to visit and it is approximately 50 miles on the tour.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.


The Kremlin Clock (Russian: Кремлёвские часы; Kremlyovskiye chasy) or Kremlin Chimes (Russian: Кремлёвские куранты; Kremlyovskiye kuranty), also known colloquially in the West as Moscow Clock Tower, is a historic clock on the Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin. The clock dial is above the main gates to Red Square. For decades, the chimes have rung on the quarter-hour, with bells tolling for each full hour.


According to various historical accounts from a corresponding article on Russian Wikipedia, the clock on the Spasskaya Tower was built between 1491 and 1585.
In 1585, clocks were in use at three of the Kremlin's gates, Spasskaya, Taynitskaya and Troitskaya Towers, exemplifying the use of clocks as early as the 16th century. There are mentions from 1613–1614 of a clock at the Nikolskaya Tower as well. In 1614 the clock at the Frolovskaya Tower was maintained by Nikiforka Nikitin. In September 1624 some old wartime clocks were sold to the Yaroslavl' Jesus Transfiguration Monastery. In 1625, under the leadership of Scottish engineer and clockmaker Christopher Galloway, the Russian clockmakers Zhdan, his son Shumilo Zhdanov, and his grandson Alexey Shumilov completed the new clock. The thirteen bells for the clock mechanism were cast by the blacksmith Cyril Samoilov. The clocks were burned down in the fire of 1626, but they were later restored by Galloway. In 1668 the clocks underwent a refit to "play music" on the hour, at sunrise, and at sunset, using special mechanisms. The 24-hour dial was numbered using Cyrillic numerals. The characters were about 71 centimetres (28 in) tall (one arshin), cast in brass and covered with gold leaf. The clock featured an image of the sun in the middle of the dial, with its hour-hand in the form of an elongated beam of light. The solar image was suspended from the upper portion of the clock face, which was divided into 17 equal parts, corresponding to the 17 hours of daylight in Moscow on the longest day of the year, the summer solstice.


In 1706, a new clock was installed. It was purchased by Peter the Great, in Holland, transported from Amsterdam to Moscow in 30 wagons, and installed by watchmaker Ekim Garnov. It had a 12-hour dial on the clock face. The new clock served, with some interruptions, until the middle of 19th century. It was damaged by fire in 1737 and was not restored until 1767. From 1770, it played the German melody "Oh, you dear Augustin". During the Moscow fire of 1812 the clock was again damaged.
The modern Kremlin Clock was remodeled in 1851, by the Butenop brothers in Moscow. For more melodious ringing tones, 24 bells were removed from the Trinity and Borovitskaya Towers and moved to the Spasskaya Tower. Most of the restoration work on the tower itself was done at the same time under the direction of the architect Gerasimov. The metal floors, stairs, and clock pedestal were made according to drawings by Russian architect Konstantin Thon, the designer of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. From then on, the chimes played the "March of the Preobrazhensky regiment" at 12 and 6 o'clock, while at 3 and 9 o'clock it played the anthem "How Glorious is Our Lord in Zion" by Dmitry Bortniansky. Initially, the national anthem "God Save The Tsar!" was proposed, but Tsar Nicholas I forbade it, stating that "the chimes can play any song except for the anthem". In 1913, for the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, a new restoration of the clock was carried out.
On 2 November 1917, during the storming of the Kremlin by the Bolsheviks, the clock was hit by a shell and stopped. One of the hands was broken and the mechanism controlling the rotation of the hands was damaged. The clock stopped for nearly a year. In August–September 1918, at the direction of Lenin, the clock was repaired by watchmaker N. Behrens. With great difficulty, a new 32 kilograms (71 lb) pendulum was made of gold-plated lead. At the direction of the new government, artist and musician Mikhail Cheremnykh was commissioned to compose new revolutionary music for the clock to play. It played the Internationale at noon and "You Fell A Victim" at midnight.
In 1932 the Kremlin Clock was again restored. A new face was installed, an exact copy of the original. The rim, numbers and hands were covered with gold (28 kg of gold in all). The use of the Internationale was the only thing left unchanged. However, from 1938 the chimes were silent and played no tunes. The clock simply struck the hours and quarter-hours, as a Special Commission recognized that the sound of the musical chimes had become unsatisfactory, because the chime mechanism was worn and seasonal frosts had severely distorted the sound.
In 1941, specifically for a performance of the Internationale, a special electromechanical drive was installed and later dismantled. In 1944, at the direction of Joseph Stalin, unsuccessful attempts were made to reset the clock to play the new National Anthem of the Soviet Union.
Major restoration of the chimes and the entire clock mechanism was carried out in 1974. The mechanism was stopped for 100 days, completely disassembled, and restored, replacing some old parts. However, the mechanism of the musical bells remained unrestored.
In 1991 the Plenum of the Central Committee decided to resume work on the Kremlin chimes, but it turned out that they were three bells short of what was needed for the Soviet national anthem. This problem arose again in 1995. "Patriotic Song" by Mikhail Glinka was adopted as the new national anthem. In 1996, during the inauguration of Boris Yeltsin, the Kremlin clock played a tune once more, after 58 years of silence. In the absence of a few bells needed to perform the national anthem, metal beats were installed in addition to the bells. At noon and midnight, the chimes played "Patriotic Song", while at every three hours, they played the melody of the chorus "Glory, Glory to you, holy Rus'!" from the opera A Life for the Tsar (also by Glinka). The last major restoration was carried out in 1999 after six months' planning. The hands and numbers were re-gilded. Instead of "Patriotic Song", the chimes played the new National Anthem of Russia that had been approved in 2000.


The Kremlin clock faces have a diameter of 6.12 metres (20.1 ft) and are placed on all four sides of the Spasskaya tower. The Roman numerals are 0.72 m (2.4 ft) tall. The length of the hour hand is 2.97 m (9.7 ft), and of the minute hand 3.27 m (10.7 ft). The total weight of clock and bells is 25 tons. The mechanism is powered by 3 weights, weighing between 160 and 224 kilograms (353 and 494 lb). Accuracy is achieved by a pendulum weighing 32 kg (71 lb).
Transfer from winter to summer time was done manually. The chimes consist of bells located at the top of the tower, right above the clock.


The melody heard before the striking is played alone once on the first quarter-hour, twice on the half-hour, and three times on the third quarter-hour. The phrase is played four times on the full hour, followed by the strikes.
Usually, an additional tune is played after the main melody and the strikes, normally every three hours. The melody is believed to be known as "Malinovsky chimes".
At noon, midnight, 6 am and 6 pm the chimes play a short excerpt from the national anthem after the hour strikes, while at 3 am, 9 am, 3 pm and 9 pm it plays the melody of the "Glory" chorus from Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar. The clock is set twice a day. The original clock was wound by hand, but from 1937, it was done using three electric motors.
Prior to the adoption of State Anthem of the Russian Federation in 2000, the chimes played an excerpt of Patrioticheskaya Pesnya throughout the 1990s.


The cathedral, featuring a single nave on a Latin cross plan, is 38 meters long, 8.5 meters wide at the nave, while the cross measures 15.5 meters. The cathedral is 15 meters high, while the bell tower has a height of 46 meters. The middle part of the nave has a depression of 15 centimeters, and is separated from the bottom part by an iron fence with four lamps. The vault of the cathedral is painted with stars on a blue background, while the floor is decorated with ceramic tiles. The lobby is decorated with two paintings by Josip Bauer: at left, Peter's Preaching and the baptism of the first Christians at Pentecost; at right,  The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise; it is separated from the central nave with double doors and a  single door on each side. The red trail leads to the middle of the central hall where the marble ambon is placed. Above the latter is a large chandelier, work of master locksmith Đuro Hammel, decorated with paintings of the twelve apostles and the four evangelists made by Josip and Marija Bauer. In front of the ambon is a sacred painting which is kissed by the believers on their arrival at the cathedral. Above the lower part of the nave is the choir. The cathedral has no musical instruments, and songs are sung in the Old Church Slavonic language. On the left side of the nave is the pulpit decorated with paintings of St. John Chrysostom, St. Athanasius of Alexandria and St. Paul the Apostle, all works of Josip Bauer. The wall above the pulpit houses a painting of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount.
The Cathedral contains a crypt, which was used as burial place of numerous priests: they include bishop Silvestar Bubanović, archdeacon Gabre Latković, bishop Konstantin Stanić, provost Marko Badinovac, dean Petar Stić, bishop Gabrijel Smičiklas, provost Janko Goleš, clergyman Konstantin Bukvić, bishop Julije Drohobecki and bishop Janko Šimrak.
The cathedral is also home to a collection of icons with paintings made by painters such as Bela Čikoš Sesija, Ivan Tišov, Ferdo Kovačević, and Celestin Medović. Most responsible for the Cathedral's rich art collection is bishop Julije Drohobeczky. The Cathedral is dedicated to the Holy Trinity.


Kristine Church is the parish church of Falu Kristine in the Diocese of Västerås of the Church of Sweden in Falun.


Construction of the Kristine Church started in 1642 and it was ready for use in 1655 under the name of The New Church of Falun. One of the instigators of building the church, County Governor Johan Berndes, had chosen the name Kristine Church  as an hommage to Queen Christina in 1651 but the name had to be altered after the queen abdicated and converted to Catholicism in 1654. The name Kristine Church was reintroduced during the late 1700s. The tower was built during the years 1658 - 1660. The bricks of which the church was built were handmade in Rankhyttan, 25 kilometers from Falun. Limestone for the pillars of the church was taken from Rättvik.


The interior was considerably altered by the restoration in 1905: A new organ and organ balcony were built. The enclosed pews were exchanged for open ones. The doors of the old pews as well as the endpieces were used as panelling around the walls. The interior woodwork, which to begin with was unpainted and then later was painted white, received at this time its blue and gold colours. The old copper portals were exchanged for new ones. The latest restoration took place in 1965.
The Kristine Church is an expression of the City of Falun's esteem and importance during the 1600 and is also an eminent representative of the later part of The Younger Wasa Period.
The altarpiece and the pulpit were made in 1669 by the German sculptor Ewerdt Friis.
The two chandeliers toward the front of the nave were donated to the church in 1844 and the one in the rear was purchased by the parish in 1950.
The wooden sculptures in the southwest corner were originally part of the old organ balcony and were made in 1687.
The sepulchral tablets are from the latter part of the 1600 and the 1700. The windows in the sanctuary were made in Munich in 1905.


Prominent among the church's textiles are a chasuble and a cope, both from 1666.


Outstanding among the church's silver pieces are a chalice with paten from around 1550, a wine decanter made around 1600 and a christening bowl from 1659.


There are three church bells, originally cast in 1658, but all of them have since been recast.


The balcony organ was built 1905 - 1906 by E A Setterquist and son, Örebro. It was restored 1979 - 80 by A Magnusson's organ works in Mölndal and is entire in its original form. The organ in the lower sanctuary was built by Magnusson's organ works and was inaugurated in 1982. In tone and outer design it is built similar to a baroque organ and thus harmonizes with the rest of the church. The nearest prototype is the organ built by the famous Johan Niclas Cahman in the Kristine Church 1724. Out of the new organ's 1.905 pipes almost 300 come from the organ from 1724.


Gerda Boëthius: Sveriges kyrkor – Konsthistoriskt inventarium, Dalarna - band 2, häfte 1. Falun (1941), pp 84-130
http://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/artikel/18092 Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art by G. Jacobson.)
K G Hildebrand, Falu stads historia till år 1687
https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/default.aspx?di=930658 Kulturhistorisk karaktäristik Kristine kyrka (2006)


The Krka Monastery (Serbian Cyrillic: Манастир Крка, Serbian: Manastir Krka; Croatian: Samostan Krka) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Archangel Michael, located near the river Krka, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of Kistanje, in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It is the best known monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Croatia and it is officially protected as part of the Krka National Park.


The oldest extant mention of the monastery was in 1350, when it is listed as an endowment of Serbian princess Jelena Nemanjić Šubić, half-sister of the Serbian emperor Dušan and wife of Mladen III Šubić Bribirski, Croatian duke of Skradin and Bribir. The monastery was built on top of a Roman site, and Roman burial catacombs exist beneath a part of the church.
The church was erected in 1422 on the location of an earlier Gothic structure. Ottoman Turks devastated the church around 1530 but it was restored on several occasions.
The Orthodox monastery was restored in 1577. Other monastery buildings (18th–19th century), the church, and the belfry are situated around a rectangular cloister with arcades.
In mid-17th century monks were forced to flee from the Ottomans and found shelter in Zadar, where pope Innocent X in 1655 gave them two churches, that had previously been in possession of Franciscans of the Third Order, named "Glagolitians" (глагољаши, glagoljaši) . In a subsequent agreement with the Franciscans, the monks declared that they "live in the service of the eastern church, the old illyrian language."
After Operation Storm in 1995 the monastery was looted, but not significantly, as it was protected by the Croatian authorities, abandoned, and the seminary shut down and relocated to Divčibare and, later, Foča. The monks returned in 1998, however, and the seminary reopened in 2001.


The belltower of this monastery was built in the Romanesque style. The complex also includes a chapel of Saint Sava built in the 19th century, under the tutelage of the Serbian Orthodox Bishop of Dalmatia Stefan Knežević, as well as a new building of the seminary and an additional dormitory building. The monastery has its archives and a library with a variety of ancient books and valuable items from the 16th to the 20th century, a collection of wooden icons (St. John the Baptist from the 14th or 15th century, work by the so-called Master of the Tkon Crucifix), silverware and embroideries.


Krzywy Domek ([ˈkʂɨvɨ ˈd̪ɔmɛk], Polish for "crooked house") is an unusually shaped building in Sopot, Poland.
Krzywy Domek was built in 2004.  It is about 4,000 square meters (43,000 sq ft) in size and is part of the Rezydent shopping center.
It was designed by Szotyńscy & Zaleski, who were inspired by the fairytale illustrations and drawings of Jan Marcin Szancer and Per Dahlberg. It can be entered from either Monte Cassino or Morska Streets.


Kuala Lumpur Tower, also known as KL Tower is a 15-story, 421-meter-tall telecommunication tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the world's 7th tallest tower, also, Malaysia and Southeast Asia's tallest tower. Its construction was completed on 1 March 1995. It features an antenna that increases its height to 421 metres (1,381 feet). The roof of the pod is at 335 metres (1,099 feet). The rest of the tower below has a stairwell and an elevator to reach the upper area, which also contains a revolving restaurant, providing diners with a panoramic view of the city.
Races are held annually, where participants race up the stairs to the top. The tower also acts as the Islamic falak observatory to observe the crescent moon which marks the beginning of Muslim month of Ramadhan, Syawal, and Zulhijjah, to celebrate fasting month of Ramadhan, Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Aidiladha. The tower is the highest viewpoint in Kuala Lumpur that is open to the public.


The official groundbreaking for the Kuala Lumpur Tower was overseen by the 4th Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad on 1 October 1991. Construction of the tower was a three-phase process.
The first phase was the widening of Jalan Bukit Nanas and the excavation of soil from the construction site. This phase was completed on 1 August 1992.
On 1 July 1992, the second phase began with the construction of the foundation and basement of the tower. Approximately 50,000 cubic metres of concrete were continuously poured for 31 hours, thus setting a record in the Malaysian construction industry. The foundation work, requiring no piling, was completed on 1 April 1993.
The third phase was the construction of the 'superstructure' which began in May 1994. The construction of the tower started with the erection of the tower shaft, then the tower head. As the finishing touches to the tower head were applied, the construction of the touristic building began.
The main lobby of the upper ground floor is decorated with exquisite glass-clad domes that sparkle like giant diamonds. These domes were designed and arranged in the form of the Muqarnas by Iranian craftsmen from Isfahan.
On 13 September 1994, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad performed the 'topping-up ceremony' where the antenna mast was installed, thus marking the final height of the tower, 421 metres above the ground. After installation of facilities and amenities, Menara Kuala Lumpur was opened to public on 23 July 1996, and it was the tallest structure in Malaysia at the time of its completion, and 3 years later, it was surpassed by Petronas Twin Towers as the tallest structure in the country.
Menara Kuala Lumpur was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad on 1 October 1996 at 20:30 MST. Among the distinguished guests were the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Raja Permaisuri Agong Tuanku Najihah, the wives of the Sultan of Brunei, Queen Saleha and Princess Hajah Mariam Binti Abdul Aziz.


Kuala Lumpur Tower, a member of the World Federation of Great Towers, is utilised by several organisations for various broadcasting purposes. Originally intended only for television broadcasting, radio antennas were included during the construction. The tower now broadcasts free-to-air terrestrial television stations that use the tower's antenna include:
Television:
Radio Televisyen Malaysia
TV1 (VHF Channel 5)
TV2 (VHF Channel 8)
Media Prima Berhad
NTV7 (UHF Channel 35)
Alhijrah Media Corporation
TV Alhijrah (UHF Channel 55)
Radio:
Radio Televisyen Malaysia
Radio Klasik FM (87.7 MHz)
Nasional FM (88.5 MHz)
Ai FM (89.3 MHz)
TraXX FM (90.3 MHz)
Asyik FM (91.1 MHz)
Minnal FM (92.3 MHz)
KL FM (97.2 MHz)
Media telecommunications and broadcasting mast. Television stations which are transmitted from the tower includes private (commercial) station, NTV7 a subsidiary of Media Prima Berhad broadcasting through UHF obtained from an antenna by 200 metres.
Malaysia currently employs both analogue broadcasting and all television broadcasting is to be analogue. Kuala Lumpur Tower is not a reliable broadcasting antenna for completely digital broadcasting because the tower is not tall enough to transmit the higher frequency waves needed to areas surrounded by forests or high-rise buildings. As an alternative, a new 421-metre-tall (1,381-foot). To make Kuala Lumpur Tower more appealing to one free-to-air terrestrial commercial broadcasting on Media Prima Berhad who plan to move their transmitting stations to the new tower have drafted a plan to extend its digital broadcasting antenna by 401 to 421 metres. To increase the height of the tower's antenna by 421 metres, the structure itself will have to be lengthened by 200 metres, which would cost approximately RM4 billion. In addition to covering this cost, the company would put RM3.5 billion into refurbishing the transmitting station, offering four times more area to each broadcaster. Current Kuala Lumpur aviation restrictions limit Kuala Lumpur Tower's height, but has stated that the company plans to discuss the matter with related ministries and agencies. If these plans are not realised, however, Kuala Lumpur Tower is expected to stop transmitting television waves with the exception of Media Prima Berhad, who will continue to broadcast through the tower. also pointed out the possibility of the tower depending on what the television broadcasters want or need.


FM 87.7 MHz – Radio Klasik FM (1 kW)
FM 88.5 MHz – Nasional FM (1 kW).
FM 89.3 MHz – Ai FM (1 kW)
FM 90.3 MHz – TraXX FM (1 kW)
FM 91.1 MHz – Asyik FM (1 kW)
FM 92.3 MHz – Minnal FM (1 kW)
FM 97.2 MHz – KL FM (1 kW)
All services radio broadcast at 7 kW relay of Kuala Lumpur Tower based in Greater Kuala Lumpur (surrounding based in Kuala Lumpur)


VHF 5 – TV1 (10 kW/100kWe)
VHF 8 – TV2 (10 kW/100kWe)
UHF 35 – NTV7
UHF 55 – TV Alhijrah
All services television broadcast at 20 kW relay of Kuala Lumpur Tower based in Greater Kuala Lumpur (surrounding based in Kuala Lumpur)


The Kudrinskaya Square Building is a building in Moscow, one of seven Stalinist skyscrapers, designed by Mikhail Posokhin and Ashot Mndoyants.


The building was richly decorated but lacked a unified stylistic direction. The parapets are in the ancient Roman style. The lobbies decorated with marble columns, stained-glass windows, and lamps in the form of candelabra are a reminiscence of Gothic interiors. The pointed turrets around the spire resemble the domes of an Eastern Orthodox church. On the roof of the stylobate, there are sculptural portraits of Soviet workers and soldiers.
One of the stylistic features of the building were the stained glass windows, which are located in the halls above the lifts and the windows of the deli. Motifs from Russian folk culture were used in the design. The floors in the living rooms and corridors of the flats were laid with oak parquet, the bathrooms were tiled with metal tiles, and the kitchens with linoleum.

All the flats had refrigerators and built-in furniture in the kitchens. In addition to the ventilation system, the building had centralised air conditioning. The building was equipped with a centralized dust extraction system, which consisted of brushes and hoses located in each flat, piping running along with the building, and vacuuming stations installed in the basement. The collected dust was filtered and discharged into the sewage system, and the purified air was discharged into the street. Boilers were installed in the basement to provide heating for the whole building.


The skyscraper was laid down in 1950 and completed in 1954. It was the last of the Seven Sisters to be completed.
Its apartments were originally intended for cultural leaders of the former USSR; they are currently inhabited by wealthy Russians.


Media related to Kudrinskaya Square Building at Wikimedia Commons


The Berlin Kulturbrauerei (literally "Culture Brewery") is a 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft) building complex in Berlin, Germany. Originally built and operated as a brewery, its courtyards and unique architecture have been protected as a monument since 1974 and it is one of the few well-preserved examples of industrial architecture in Berlin dating from the end of the 19th century.
It is supported by the Treuhandliegenschaftsgesellschaft (TLG) and operated commercially as a cultural centre in the Kollwitz neighborhood of the Prenzlauer Berg district (Borough of Pankow). It provides cinemas, theatres, clubs and function rooms. It is situated close to the Eberswalder Straße U-Bahn station.


Today, regular events, concerts and festivals take place at Kulturbrauerei. Some organisations that settled on the site of the former brewery complex are:
Kino in der Kulturbrauerei, cinema with eight screens, one of Berlin's first run theatres
Theater RambaZamba
P.A.N.D.A. Nicht nur Russisches Theater, event location for Russian concerts, reading etc.
Literaturwerkstatt Berlin/lyrikline.org
office and studio of the band 17 Hippies
Restaurant frannz and frannz Klub (formerly known as Franz-Club)
Kesselhaus in der Kulturbrauerei|Kesselhaus, event location
Alte Kantine, event location
Soda Club, dance club
Club 23, dance club
Palais, event location
Schule für Bildende Kunst und Gestaltung, art school
Museum in the Kulturbrauerei, museum on everyday life in the GDR, Haus der Geschichte foundation
Ch. Links Verlag, publishing house
be.bra verlag, publishing house
New York University, Berlin branch
Berlin on Bike, organizer of bicycle tours
TIC Tourist Information Center
Quandoo, restaurant reservation platform


Kumla Church (Swedish: Kumla kyrka) is located in Kumla kyrkby in Sala Municipality in Västmanland, Sweden.


The church was built of fieldstone around 1300 and included a longhouse and a small bell tower. At the end of the 15th century the wood roof was replaced by a brick star vault with church wall paintings signed by Albertus Pictor. In the 18th century the windows were made larger and the current bell tower was built.


The pulpit with six-sided basket was added in 1665. The baptismal font, made of Scottish sandstone by sculptor Erik Sand, was completed in 1951.


Kunming Lake (Chinese: 昆明湖, p Kūnmíng Hú) is the central lake on the grounds of the Summer Palace in Beijing, China. Together with the Longevity Hill, Kunming Lake forms the key landscape features of the Summer Palace gardens.
With an area of 2.2 km² (0.8 sq mi), Kunming Lake covers approximately three-quarters of the Summer Palace grounds. It is quite shallow, with an average depth of only 1.5 meters (5 ft).


Kunming Lake is a manmade lake whose predecessors were called Wengshan (Jar Hill) Pond and Xihu Lake. They were reservoirs which had been used as sources of water both for the city and irrigation of fields over a period of 3,500 years. Guo Shoujing, a famous astronomer and engineer in his time, developed it into a reservoir for the capital of the Yuan Dynasty in 1291. The conversion of the area into an imperial garden was commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor with the work being carried out between 1750 and 1764. In the course of creating the gardens, the lake area was extended by a workforce of almost 10,000 laborers.
In the year 1990 and 1991, the Beijing Municipal Government undertook the first dredging of the lake in 240 years. A total of 652,600 m³ (853,600 cu yd) of sludge were removed in the work. 205 Japanese bombs dropped during the Sino-Japanese War were also found.


Kunming Lake is designed to represent the traditional Chinese gardening practice of "one pond, three hills" (一池三山). Like the islands in Hangzhou's West Lake and the Forbidden City's Taiye Lake, they were intended to represent three islands of the immortals mentioned in the Classic of Mountains and Seas: Penglai, Yingzhou, and Fangzhang. Kunming's three are named "South Lake Island" (t 南湖島, s 南湖岛, Nánhúdǎo), "Round Fort Island" (t 團城島, s 团城岛, Tuánchéngdǎo), and "Algæ-view Hall Island" (t 藻鑒堂島, s 藻鉴堂岛, Zǎojiàntángdǎo)
Many features of Kunming Lake are inspired by natural scenery from the region south of the Yangtze River. In particular, the West Dike is a recreation of the famous Sudi Dike on West Lake in Hangzhou. It cuts diagonally through the southern part of the lake. Like the Sudi Dike, the West Dike is connected through six bridges, each with its own distinctive style: Jiehu, Binfeng, Yudai, Jing, Lian, and Liu.
The largest bridge on Kunming Lake is the 17-Arch Bridge that connects the eastern shore with South Lake Island, representing Penglai. Close to the bridge on the eastern shore stands a bronze ox sculpture. According to Chinese legend, Yu the Great used an iron ox to prevent flooding. Since the bronze ox is located on the eastern dike of Kunming Lake in the direction of the Forbidden City, it was probably erected in order to protect the Forbidden City from flooding.


The Kunsthal (['kɵnstɦɑl] English: Art Hall) is an art museum in Rotterdam. It opened in 1992.