Because the relative legal status of the new steamboat and railroad technologies was unclear, as was the jurisdiction of the United States federal courts over bridges and navigable waters, the litigation concerning the first bridge to cross a major river west of the Appalachian Mountains had great effect. During the previous years, the United States Supreme Court had divided concerning the scope of the federal power in the Commerce Clause, as well as extent of concurrent state powers. In 1847, in U.S. v. New Bedford Bridge Company Justice Levi Woodbury on circuit duty had determined that no federal law defined obstruction of navigable waterways and upheld a drawbridge near the port, and Justice Samuel Nelson had done similarly while a justice of the New York Supreme Court.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (through its attorney general Cornelius Darragh) and Pittsburgh interests represented by Edwin M. Stanton and Robert J. Walker sought an injunction against the bridge from the U.S. Supreme Court justice supervising the geographical area, Robert C. Grier, who had been a Pennsylvania state judge in Pittsburgh and surrounding Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Justice Grier was surprised at this use of equity, especially because it was first brought in the Supreme Court and not before a U.S. district judge. It was also begun on July 28, 1849 during the Supreme Court's summer 1849 recess. Pennsylvania's attorneys argued that the new bridge was a nuisance that obstructed the Ohio River (although anchored on one bank 100 feet above the ground). The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company's charter from Virginia required that it not obstruct navigation on the river, and Article IV of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 labeled the navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Rivers "common highways" and required they be "forever free". The Pittsburgh and Cincinnati steamboat line operated new vessels with very high smokestacks which would be damaged by collisions with the bridge, and stopping in Wheeling to transship passengers and freight would be expensive for the company. Pennsylvania also argued harm to its "Main Line" toll revenues. While Virginia never finished its proposed canal and railroad system, the Pennsylvania system never was profitable. It became less so after the Wheeling route became easier, and would become even less used were the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to construct a track on the bridge or its own bridge nearby. During the litigation voters wanted to sell it, but no deal was finalized.
The Wheeling Bridge Company, represented by Charles W. Russell and U.S. Attorney general Reverdy Johnson (supposedly in a private capacity, but who had denied Pennsylvania's request for his federal office's assistance) argued the bridge helped the U.S. mails (delayed during icy as well as high and low water periods) and also connected military posts. They also argued the public's right to cross the river, as well as Pennsylvania's failure to prove irremediable injury because it had not brought suit during the two years the bridge was under construction and technology also existed to lower steamboat smokestacks (as was done on a canal near Louisville, Kentucky crossed by much lower bridges). Meanwhile, Virginia attorney Alexander H. H. Stuart also tried to convince Pennsylvania's governor William F. Johnston that his state's arguments in this case (if ratified by the U.S. Supreme Court) could jeopardize Pennsylvania's bridges across the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. Other attorneys and engineers (including Ellett) approached the U.S. Congress and Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Virginia state legislatures. Finally, the Hempfield Railroad was chartered to connect Wheeling and Pittsburgh.
Justice Grier held a hearing in Philadelphia on August 16, 1849, and on August 30 refused the requested injunction to remove the bridge. Instead, he referred the matter to the full court.  That heard argument on February 25, 1850, as well as reviewed extensive depositions (361 printed pages). Rather than an opinion, on May 29, 1850, Justice Nelson (over a dissent by Justice Peter V. Daniel who would have refused jurisdiction, in which Chief Justice Taney joined) issued a one-page order appointing Reuben Hyde Walworth (whom President John Tyler had nominated to the Court but the Senate never considered confirming, and who was an expert in equity) as commissioner.
Walworth received considerable scientific and commercial evidence, including a report from U.S. Army engineer William Jarvis McAlpine. However, both parties were dissatisfied with Walworth's 770-page report, issued in December 1851. Pittsburgh was disappointed that Walworth refused to order the bridge removed. Virginia and Ohio interests complained because he found the waterway obstructed and recommended raising the bridge an additional 20 feet—which would cause enormous technical difficulties and additional cost. However, after reviewing both parties' exceptions, receiving another report from McAlpine and hearing more argument on February 23 and 24, the U.S. Supreme Court also refused to order the bridge removed, but instead amended the new required height to 111 feet.  The court accepted the bridge company's proposal to study a removable portion as an alternative. Thus, Edwin Stanton won a nearly pyrrhic victory on Pennsylvania's behalf but the bridge remained standing.


On May 17, 1854 a strong windstorm destroyed the deck of the bridge through torsional movement and vertical undulations that rose almost as high as the towers. Its rebuilding prompted the 1856 litigation.  Walworth's report undergirded the Court's decisions in both 1852 and 1856.
Justice Grier issued an injunction against the bridge's rebuilding during the court's normal summer break. The rebuilding continued anyway. Ellet's workmen made temporary repairs in eight weeks (although further improvements by William McComas would take another year). Meanwhile, the bridge company asked Congress to investigate whether the judge had been bribed (an investigation that was quietly dropped when the case resolved), and complained that the injunction violated both Congress's sovereignty and that of Virginia (which had authorized the bridge). Plus, the Ohio legislature petitioned Congress to save the bridge, which the Virginia and Indiana legislatures (and some dissident Pennsylvanians) joined. Through the efforts of Wheeling Congressman George W. Thompson and others, Congress passed a law that designated the bridge a post road before the Supreme Court's 1852 decision could go into effect, and that designation proved the key to the 1856 decision. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court heard a second set of legal arguments concerning the Wheeling Bridge. Justice Nelson then delivered the next opinion of the court, in December, this time upheld the bridge as an exercise of Congressional power over military and postal roads, despite Justice McLean's objection.


In 1859 Ellett's partner William McComas made further improvements. Completion of the B&O Railroad to Wheeling in 1853, and competition from a new steamboat line connecting Wheeling with Louisville proved fatal to both steamboat companies, who soon dismantled their ships or sold them downriver for the Mississippi trade. Furthermore, additional bridges across the Ohio River were proposed for Parkersburg, Bellaire and Steubenville.
A truss pivot drawbridge across the Mississippi River between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois was completed in 1856, over the opposition of steamboat and other interests in St. Louis. They also brought suit, but in a lower court. That initial legal action (defended by lawyer Abraham Lincoln) did not reach the U.S. Supreme Court. However, a case concerning the collision of the disabled steamer Effie Afton and that Illinois/Iowa bridge would do so decades later, and be resolved in 1872


During the American Civil War, Union forces generally controlled Wheeling, and the Wheeling Suspension Bridge was never blown up despite its strategic importance. Still, Confederate raids often targeted the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, because of its strategic importance to Union forces, and many smaller Virginia bridges were blown up and rebuilt. Loyal to the Union, Ellet and his son volunteered their services to the U.S. Navy, which used their engineering expertise in designing ironclad vessels, especially rams. Colonel Ellet, who reported directly to Secretary of War Stanton, led the United States Ram Fleet on the Mississippi River during the Battle of Memphis on June 6, 1862. Ellet died of his injuries on June 21, becoming the only Union casualty in what soon proved a crucial Union victory—Memphis surrendering by day's end, the eight-ram Confederate "Cottonclad River Defense Fleet" destroyed (with an estimated 180 Confederate casualties), and the Ellet rams continuing in service under his brother Alfred W. Ellet (who by war's end had become a Brigadier General).
The Restored Government of Virginia was created after the Wheeling Convention (heavily attended by representatives of counties served by the B&O railroad), and ultimately the state of West Virginia was recognized in 1863. Additional Supreme Court litigation concerning West Virginia's constitution would continue until 1871, and Supreme Court litigation concerning apportionment of the debt Virginia had incurred in subsidizing bridge and railroad improvements would not be resolved until 1915.


In 1874 William Hildenbrand oversaw additional improvements on the Wheeling Bridge. A 1953 report concerning the suspension cables found them either original or from the 1860 reconstruction. The deck stiffening truss is believed to be from the same period. Auxiliary stay cables were added in 1871–72 to a design by Washington Roebling and Hildebrand.
The bridge company sold the bridge to the city of Wheeling in 1927. Additional repairs were made in 1930.
In 1956, the deck was completely rebuilt, when the road was widened from 16.25 feet (4.95 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) and the sidewalks correspondingly narrowed. The road and sidewalk were reconstructed with an open steel grating that reduces wind resistance, and rests on lightened steel floor beams.


The bridge spans a distance of 1,010 feet (308 m) across the Ohio River and allows barges to pass underneath. It remains the oldest vehicular suspension bridge in the United States still in use and is listed as both a National Historic Landmark and Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
In the early 1980s, the West Virginia Division of Highways restored the bridge. The bridge remains in active service, but with weight and height restrictions since it was designed before automobiles and trucks were invented. At the time of construction, a horse and buggy was the heaviest live load that would be expected. Currently, the bridge has a (per vehicle) weight limit of 4,000 lb (1,800 kg), making it unsuitable for trucks, buses, or other heavy vehicles.
On February 17, 2011, a vehicle driving at high speed lost control and crashed into the sidewalk panels on the bridge. The bridge was closed for four to five days, first for inspection, then to repair the panels, as well as other minor repairs. On March 2, 2013, a non-load bearing cable snapped, causing the bridge to be closed until the cable was repaired and detailed inspections were completed.
On March 23, 2016, the bridge was closed to all vehicle and pedestrian traffic after a Greyhound bus attempted to cross the bridge and damaged it. It was reopened to all traffic (within the height and weight limits) after WVDOH inspected the bridge. High vehicles could be subject to crosswinds on the bridge.
In May 2016, the Wheeling police department vowed to begin enforcing the two ton weight and vehicle separations limits on the bridge more strictly. Traffic is advised to keep at least 50 feet (15 m) between vehicles. Additionally, traffic lights at both ends only allow a certain number of cars onto the bridge at one time.
On September 24, 2019, the West Virginia Department of Transportation indefinitely closed the bridge to vehicular traffic after continued public disregard of weight limit and safety signs. Earlier in the year, the bridge was closed for six weeks after a tour bus - which far exceeded the posted two-ton weight limit - attempted to cross the bridge, only to get stuck under a barrier.  The bridge was deemed safe and reopened to traffic in August after officials from the Division of Highways installed a height barrier with hard restraints to attempt to eliminate such overweight crossings.  In the time since, operators of additional vehicles over the weight limited continued to ignore the restrictions and have repeatedly driven on the bridge.  The West Virginia Division of Highways is currently working on a long-term rehabilitation plan to sustain the bridge far into the future, in the meantime, the bridge remains open to pedestrians and bicyclists.
Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott requested that the bridge be reopened, but the Division of Highways denied his request, thus sealing its fate of remaining closed until a permanent solution can be developed against drivers who choose to ignore the limits on the bridge. Even if vehicular traffic is not restored, the bridge will be maintained and preserved. According to the WVDOH, several proposed methods of keeping careless drivers at bay, such as weigh scales and enforcement cameras, are not possible.


White Dome Geyser is a geyser located in the Lower Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
White Dome is a conspicuous cone-type geyser located on the western side of Firehole Lake Drive.  It is easily seen by people waiting for eruptions of nearby Great Fountain Geyser.  Its 12-foot-high geyserite cone is one of the largest in the park.  Eruptions are unpredictable, but generally occur with intervals (= eruption start to eruption start) ranging from 15 minutes to 3 hours.  The shortest reported intervals have been 8 to 11 minutes.  Intervals between 20 and 35 minutes are most common.  Eruptions last about 2 minutes and reach heights of about 30 feet (9.1 m), the maximum height being attained early in the eruption.  As usual for cone-type geysers, the play is continuous for most of the eruption's duration.  Eruptions usually start without warning, although minor spitting may occur a little or immediately beforehand.  Eruptions conclude with steam mixed with liquid spray.  Between eruptions, minor spitting lasting 1 to 2 seconds may occur.  Rarely, a minor eruption may occur involving about 10 to 15 seconds of hesitating, moderately low spouting and splashing.
Although it is overshadowed in eruptive height and power by Great Fountain Geyser, White Dome Geyser is a significant feature that was used as an emblem by the old Yellowstone Library and Museum Association, now the Yellowstone Association.  The thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, important because it produces an enzyme used in polymerase chain reaction laboratory procedures central to modern molecular biology, was first isolated from Mushroom Pool, a non-erupting hot spring a few hundred feet from White Dome Geyser.
White Dome is the largest member of the White Dome Group, a cluster of features bisected by Firehole Lake Drive.  The group includes at least five other geysers as well as non-erupting springs. Gemini Geyser, Crack Geyser, Pebble Geyser, Rejuvenated Geyser, and an unnamed geyser (UNNG-WDG-2) are across Firehole Lake Drive from White Dome, and can be observed from the parking area. These members of the White Dome Group vary in their activity.  Gemini's last active phase was in 2014-2015.  Crack, Pebble, and WDG-2 eruptions are rare.  Rejuvenated Geyser entered an active phase from 2015 to the present.


The architects Dmitry Chechulin and Pavel Shteller designed the White House – originally called The House of Soviets. The overall design follows Chechulin's 1934 draft of the Aeroflot building. Construction started in 1965 and ended in 1981.
Following the completion of the building in 1981, the Supreme Soviet of Russia, which had until then held its sessions in the Grand Kremlin Palace, used the White House. The Supreme Soviet of Russia remained in the building until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, as well as during the first years of the Russian Federation. In 1991 the Soviet Union issued a 50-kopeck stamp depicting the White House and honoring resistance to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.


After the end of the Soviet Union, the White House continued to serve as the seat of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation.


By sunrise on 4 October 1993, the Russian Army encircled the parliament building, and a few hours later army tanks began to shell the White House. The White House stood damaged for some time after the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and the black burns from tank shelling became famous, so much so that it became traditional to photograph newly-weds in front of its damaged façade.
The reformed parliament, known thereafter by its Imperial-era title of the State Duma, was elected in December 1993 and moved to another building on Moscow's Okhotny Ryad (street). As of 2016 the renovated White House houses the Russian government. An inscription at the base of the tower reads, "House of the Government of the Russian Federation".


During the construction of the White House, Dmitry Chechulin used elements of his unrealized 1934 design for the headquarters of state airline Aeroflot. The original idea was developed in honor of the rescue, by Soviet pilots, of the passengers of the sunken steamship SS Chelyuskin. The construction was supposed to have simplified forms. The stylobate of the building was similar in size to the ship, it was supplemented with numerous sculptural compositions. The main entrance emphasized the portico, which resembled a triumphal arch. It was assumed that the building would form a new look of the Belorussky railway station square. But the structure did not correspond to the site in size and configuration, so it was never built.


The Wignacourt Arch known as the Fleur-De-Lys Gate (Maltese: L-Arkata ta' Wignacourt magħrufa bħala l-Bieb ta' Fleur-De-Lys) is an ornamental arch located on the boundary between Fleur-de-Lys (a suburb of Birkirkara) and Santa Venera, Malta. The arch was originally built in 1615 as part of the Wignacourt Aqueduct, but it was destroyed between 1943 and 1944. A replica of the arch was constructed in 2015 and inaugurated on 28 April 2016.


The Wignacourt Aqueduct was constructed between 1610 and 1615 to carry water from springs in Dingli and Rabat to the Maltese capital Valletta. It was named after Alof de Wignacourt, the Grand Master of the Order of St. John, who partially financed its construction.
The aqueduct was carried through underground pipes or over a series of stone arches where there were depressions in the ground level. To commemorate the construction of the aqueduct, the Wignacourt Arch was constructed at an area where the aqueduct crossed the road leading from Valletta to Mdina. The Baroque archway had a large arch in the centre, and a smaller arch on either side. It was decorated with three fleurs-de-lis, a relief of Wignacourt's coat of arms, and two marble plaques with Latin inscriptions. The plaque on the side facing Santa Venera read:
The plaque on the side facing Birkirkara read:
The area around the arch remained rural until the early 20th century. A tram used to pass near the arch between 1905 and 1929. After World War II, the suburb of Fleur-de-Lys developed in the area, and it got its name from the heraldic symbols on the arch.


On 18 April 1943, a Royal Air Force breakdown lorry heading to the airfield at Ta' Qali at night with no street light hit the arch and severely damaged its Santa Venera-facing façade. The central arch was dismantled by military personnel under the supervision of the Public Works Department about two months later. The arch was completely destroyed on 12 February 1944, when a Royal Army Service Corps truck hit the remaining parts of the structure. The stone remains were supposedly stored by the British but, similar to several other historic relics, they were never retrieved by the Maltese and the whereabouts are unknown. However, the arch's two marble plaques were repossessed.
A roundabout with a fountain was later built on the site of the arch. Some arches of the aqueduct were demolished in order to widen the road and make way for this roundabout.


The surviving arches of the Wignacourt Aqueduct were restored between 2004 and 2005. The chairman of the Bank of Valletta, whose headquarters is located close to the arch, promised to build a replica of the arch but initially nothing materialized.
In 2012, the Fleur-de-Lys Administrative Committee and the Birkirkara Local Council announced that they were planning to rebuild the arch to the same dimensions of the original. The police force had initially objected to the project, believing it could become a traffic hazard, but of similar risk comparisons to other monumental arches and gates in Malta, such as the Portes de Bombes. The plans were eventually approved by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority in October of the same year, but they were placed on hold since a tender appeal had to be sorted out. In April 2013, the tender was awarded to Vaults Ltd instead of V&C Contractors who had originally won the tender. The replica arch cost €280,000 to build, and €100,000 of these were donated by the Bank of Valletta. €40,000 were taken from the Good Causes Fund, while the remaining €140,000 were paid by the Birkirkara Local Council.
While preparations were being made for rebuilding the arch, a dispute arose between the Birkirkara and Santa Venera Local Councils on what to call the arch. The former said that it should be called Fleur-de-Lys Gate, while the latter insisted on using the name Wignacourt Arch. In September 2013, the Santa Venera council took the Birkirkara council to court and accused it of causing "historical damage" by calling the arch with an incorrect name. The councils agreed on using the name The Wignacourt Arch known as the Fleur-de-Lys Gate in August 2014.
Reconstruction of the arch began on 1 August 2014, but work stopped soon afterwards after part of the original arch's foundations was found. Reconstruction continued in January 2015, and it was complete by the end of November 2015. Some finishing touches were made in February 2016, including the installation of two marble plaques. The arch was inaugurated on 28 April 2016 by Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and mayor of Birkirkara Joanne Debono Grech.
A plaque with the coat of arms of Birkirkara and the following inscription was installed to commemorate the reconstruction:


In 2015, the Central Bank of Malta minted a €10 silver coin, and MaltaPost issued a set of two stamps to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the Wignacourt Aqueduct. The Wignacourt Arch is depicted on the coin and one of the stamps.


The Wildkogel is a 2,224-metre (7,297 ft) high grass mountain in the Kitzbühel Alps in Oberpinzgau in Salzburg. It lies north of the Salzach river valley and the nearby towns of Neukirchen and Bramberg.
At 2,005 metres (6,578 ft) high, the Wildkogelhaus (built in 1898) can host up to 100 guests (with restaurants, sauna and disco). Here begins a 14-kilometre (8.7 mi) long toboggan run.
During the winter, there is a large ski area with 55 kilometres (34 mi) of groomed ski trails, 45% blue, 40% red and 15% black. The highest lift takes passengers to 2,150 metres (7,050 ft). There is a 6-seater cable car with a stopover, a six-chairlift, two four-chair lifts, one double chairlift, five lift-e and four T-bar lifts. Descents are possible into the towns of Neukirchen (1,300 m or 4,300 ft, length 5 km or 3.1 mi) and Bramberg (length 14 km or 8.7 mi).
On the mountain, at 200 kilometres (120 mi) is the longest trail ("Pinzga") to be found in the Salzburg state.
In the summer season, there are many hiking possibilities (altitude hiking). The Wildkogel offers cycling for mountain bikes ( "Bike-Arena"), and also the participants of the yearly held Transalp have to cross. The mountain is also a popular starting point for cross-country flights with the paraglider, as the Pinzgau is thermally very reliable.


The Willa Cather Birthplace, also known as the Rachel E. Boak House, is the site near Gore, Virginia, where the Pulitzer Prize-winning author Willa Cather was born in 1873.  The log home was built in the early 19th century by her great-grandfather and has been enlarged twice.  The building was previously the home of Rachel E. Boak, Cather's grandmother.  Cather and her parents lived in the house only about a year before they moved to another home in Frederick County.  The farmhouse was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) in 1976 and the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1978.


The house was originally owned by Cather's great-grandfather, Jacob Seibert.  The original portion of the home was probably built in the 1810s.  A two-story frame extension on the western end of the house was added around twenty years later while an ell was probably added sometime after the Civil War.  In 1869, the home and 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) of land was conveyed to Seibert's daughter, Rachel E. Boak.  Virginia Boak, her daughter, and Charles Cather were married at the house in December 1872.  The following year on December 7, the couple's first child, Willa Cather, was born in the house.  In 1874, Willa and her parents moved to a nearby home, Willow Shade, also listed on the NRHP.  Cather's relatives began moving to Nebraska in the 1870s and her family followed in 1883, settling in Red Cloud.  The house where she was born was conveyed from Cather's grandmother to a woman named S.S. Gore.  Ownership of the home changed hands four more times until being purchased by Charles T. Brill in 1950.  At the time of the home's historical survey taken in 1976, Brill used the building as an office and retreat.
The Willa Cather Birthplace was added to the VLR on September 21, 1976, and the NRHP on November 16, 1978.  A historical marker in front of the home was installed by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.  The marker reads:
Here Willa Sibert Cather, the novelist, was born December 7, 1873. This community was her home until 1883 when her family moved to Nebraska. Nearby on Back Creek stands the old mill described in her novel Sapphira and the Slave Girl.


The vernacular building is a simple two-story log house.  The rear portion of the home features a two-story frame ell extending from the center.  The facade has three windows on the first floor and five windows on the second.  All of the facade windows feature louvered blinds.  Doors are located on the western and eastern ends of the home's facade with a simple porch attached to the western entrance.  The original portion of the home includes the three bays on the eastern end.  A chimney was attached to the western end of the original portion before the later extension.  The chimney was incorporated into the building and the smokestack is now only visible above the roof ridge.  The gable roof is covered with standing seam sheet metal with box cornices at the eaves.  Most of the exterior walls are covered with weatherboards with the remaining sections covered with asbestos shingles.  The underpinning of the home is made of fieldstone. Sadly, as of December 2019, the home is in a severely dilapidated condition. Before long it will be beyond saving.
Each floor of the home's main section contains two large rooms while the rear ell has one large room on each floor.  The ell's first floor room contains the kitchen.  Many of the original details are still intact in the main section of the house such as the flooring, stairwell, and batten doors.  The staircase features square balusters and a square newel.  A dilapidated two-story kitchen and servants' house, possibly built in the 1930s or 1940s, is located behind the home.


The William H. Towles House is a historic house at 2050 McGregor Boulevard in Fort Myers, Florida. On May 29, 2008, it was added to the US National Register of Historic Places.


One of the most colorful characters in Fort Myers history was William H. "Bill" Towles(September 28, 1852 – June 25, 1921). It was he who gave Fort Myers its present courthouse, standing guard with a shotgun to ward off opponents while workmen labored all night to tear down the old courthouse before a court order could be obtained to stop the move. Bill Towles was a cattle operator on a large scale who made a fortune shipping beef to Cuba.
Born in 1852 at Perry, Florida, he got into the cattle business while a young man, moved his cattle to Fort Myers ranges in 1884 and went into business with James E. Hendry Sr. Towles led the fight in establishing Lee County, Florida and for many years served as county commissioner, and it was as chairman of the board that he forced the building of the new courthouse. He also served for several years as a member of the town council.
Towles died in 1921 and was survived by three children, Mrs. Corrine T. Summerlin, Wallace and Mildred.


The William Pitt Union, built in 1898 as the Hotel Schenley, is the student union building of the University of Pittsburgh main campus, and is a Pennsylvania and Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark. Designed by Pittsburgh-based architects Rutan & Russell in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture, the Schenley Hotel catered to local and visiting well-to-do people. The University of Pittsburgh acquired the property in 1956.


The building, originally known as the Hotel Schenley and designed by architects Rutan & Russell, opened in 1898, became the keystone of entrepreneur Franklin Nicola’s dream of Oakland as a center for culture, art and education. Nicola had been instrumental in the formation of the Bellefield Company with the help of Andrew W. Mellon, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew Carnegie, George Westinghouse and H.J. Heinz, who were among the first stockholders to share Nicola’s vision for Oakland. They erected the beaux-arts structure on land once owned by fellow stockholder Mary Croghan Schenley.  The Schenley Hotel was Pittsburgh's first large, steel-framed "skyscraper hotel" it was described as "Pittsburgh's class hotel of the early 20th century".


Full of marble, chandeliers, and Louis XV architecture, the Schenley quickly became the Pittsburgh home to the great and the near-great. Presidents Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the register at the Schenley, as did Eleanor Roosevelt.
Singer-actress Lillian Russell lived in suite 437 and married Pittsburgh publisher Alexander Moore in the French Room (now a dining room on the first floor). Dramatic tenor Enrico Caruso and his entourage occupied seven suites during their stay. Sarah Bernhardt, Nelson Eddy, Jeanette MacDonald, Henry Fonda, Katharine Hepburn, and Spencer Tracy stayed at the Schenley. Italian tragedian Eleonora Duse succumbed to pneumonia in suite 524.
The Schenley was not just the place to stay in Pittsburgh as the 20th century began: it was where the young ladies of society "came out," where couples married, and where one could dine on the "haute cuisine" of the day. It was also the place where Pittsburgh power brokers met and many of the discussions leading to the birth of the U.S. Steel Corporation were held at the Schenley. Its formation was celebrated at the "Meal of Millionaires" in 1901. Later in 1914, the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) was organized at the Schenley Hotel. The state of Pennsylvania dedicated a historical marker outside of union in 1967 to commemorate the event. Many famous industrialists and businessmen, including Andrew Carnegie and Diamond Jim Brady, had eaten at various times at the hotel.
1909 was a year that changed the Hotel Schenley forever. That summer, Forbes Field opened just down the street and the University of Pittsburgh moved from its Northside location to Oakland. From that time on, the "Waldorf of Pittsburgh" gradually became the home of the National League baseball players in town to play the Pittsburgh Pirates, and students and faculty took their place among the Pittsburgh elite. Now added to the register were names such as Babe Ruth, Casey Stengel, Ty Cobb, and Rogers Hornsby. The deals struck over dinner at the Schenley now included baseball trades.
For the next 40-plus years the Schenley continued to operate albeit on a less grand scale. Pittsburgh's Renaissance I brought modern hotels to downtown Pittsburgh and, ironically, Frank Nicola's dream of an Oakland civic center turned out to be a nightmare for the Schenley. The turn-of-the-century marvel had been built in rural Pittsburgh. The 1950s Schenley was surrounded by hospitals, educational facilities, concert halls, and private clubs with no parking to serve the hotel's mobile guests.


In 1956, the then Schenley Park Hotel was sold to the University of Pittsburgh. The hotel underwent a $1 million ($9.52 million in 2020 dollars) renovation to convert it to university use. The top four floors first served as a men's dormitory called Schenley House while the rest of the building was purposed as a  student union, which was named Schenley Hall.
Shortly after this, during the height of the cold war in September 1959, the Schenley Hall ballroom in the Union was the site of a luncheon for Nikita Khrushchev, chairman of the Soviet Union, and various Soviet and U.S. officials, including Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. that was hosted by the University of Pittsburgh and Pitt Chancellor Edward Litchfield. Pittsburgh and the University was the last stop in his eleven-day transcontinental tour prior to a three-day conference with President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  The New York Times  proclaimed "Pittsburgh Stop Warmest of Tour".
As the student population of the Pittsburgh campus blossomed to 30,000-plus and their activities diversified and grew, it became clear that the grand structure needed an overhaul.
In 1980, the University announced a $13.9 million ($43.7 million in 2020 dollars) renovation and restoration for the Union, made possible by bonds sold through the Allegheny County Higher Education Building Authority.
During the 18-month project and restoration led by Williams Trebilcock Whitehead, seven upper floors were gutted to make way for modern offices for students and the student affairs administration. A 10th floor, which had been added several years after the hotel was first built, was removed to relieve stress on the building. However, the turn-of-the-century character of the main floor was restored through careful restoration of the Louis XV mirrored ballroom, the lower lounge that had enclosed the original Bigelow Boulevard-side porch 13 years after the hotel was originally built, and the marbled-wall former hotel lobby, now called the Tansky Family Lounge, which includes the "stairway to nowhere", a remnant of a previous renovation. In addition, the rarely used basement was transformed into a functional lower level with a new Forbes Avenue Entrance and plaza. The original wooden hotel room doors salvage from the upstairs renovation were used for the walls of the lower level student recreation room, now called "Nordy's Place".  Further, a third west entrance facing the university's Schenley Quadrangle and Litchfield Towers dormitories was added and included a new multi-level glass roofed atrium just inside the new entrance. The renovations were completed in 1983 and the building was renamed the William Pitt Union.


A ghostly legend passed down among students begins with the story of a visit by the Russian National Ballet where it took up accommodations in the historic Schenley Hotel prior to opening its tour of the United States in Pittsburgh. The prima ballerina, tired from travel, decided to rest before the premiere performance, drifted off, and slept through her curtain call and the whole of the performance. The company's director, either so incensed by her missing the premiere, or so impressed by the stage presence of her understudy, decided to replace the prima ballerina with the young upstart for the remainder of the tour. The ballerina was so distraught that she took her own life that night, ashamed and humiliated that she would be replaced by the young understudy. It is now said if one were to ever take a nap or fall asleep for whatever reason in the Tansky Family Lounge, also known as the Red Room, they will always wake up just in time for whatever exam, class, meeting, appointment, etc. they may have missed. The Prima Ballerina haunts the room to make sure they never succumb to her same fate.
Another tale tells of a ghost haunting the Lillian Russell Room, room 437 within the offices of The Pitt News, in the area of Lillian Russell's former residence when the union served as the Schenley Hotel.
A notable infamous incident at the Schenley Hotel occurred on July 12, 1950, when a hotel night guard went on a shooting spree that resulted in the deaths of two men and the wounding of another.


The William Pitt Union now serves as the student union and hub of the University of Pittsburgh and contains a variety of lounges, ballrooms, reception, performance, and meeting spaces. One of the most notable facilities is the Louis XV style William Pitt Union Ballroom on the main floor which features vaulted ceiling, mirrored walls, two grand crystal chandeliers, and detailed moldings and artwork that are faithful restored to the condition of the Hotel Schenley. Other formal rooms include the Kurtzman Room and lower atrium of the Tansky Family lounge on the main floor, as well as two dining rooms on the first floor. The Tansky Lounge itself is the restored grand lobby of the hotel. In addition, the William Pitt Union Assembly Room, the largest room on the main floor at 6,200 square feet (580 m²), contains a stage with theatrical lighting and serves as the facility's primary multi-purpose event space. The William Pitt Union is also the home to the International Academy of Jazz Hall of Fame (dedicated in 1984), C. M. Kimbo Art Gallery, a dance studio, meeting and conference rooms, university offices, and, on the lower level, a food court. The upper floors of the union serve as the primary location for the offices for over 300 student organizations, including the student newspaper, The Pitt News, the student radio station, WPTS, and the student government. The fourth floor also contains Lillian Russell Room of The Pitt News office which is the location of her former residence during the union's days as the Schenley Hotel. The Russell Room contains a portrait or Russell, a fireplace, stained glass fanlight, decorative moldings, and other elements. In 2007, the recreation room on the ground floor of the union was renovated and by resolution of the Pitt Student Government Board in December 2007, was named "Nordy's Place" in honor of Chancellor Mark Nordenberg who the board resolved was a student favorite and worthy of the honor. Gigs Game Center, outfitted with videogame hardware and software, is also located on the lower level. In 2009, renovations to the second floor improved the accommodations of the student careers center and renovations to the fifth floor were completed to provide six new meeting spaces for student organizations, four of which with hard-surface flooring enabling groups to practice dance routines and other activities. In addition, a formal area was created where student organizations can host special events such as workshops and award presentations. In 2010, a $2 million project was undertaken to renovate 9,200 square feet (850 m²) of space on the ninth floor. The renovation, completed in 2011, created a new student study and lounge area, a 20-person conference room, a kitchen/coffee area, file/storage areas, and new offices for Residence Life, and Pitt Arts, and Student Volunteer Outreach. A $1.93 million renovation of the Assembly Room, which included uncovering three large windows to allow in natural light, as well as a stage extension and technology upgrades, was completed in 2013. In addition, a $390,000 renovation of  first floor restrooms and $1.85 million renovation of the lower levels of the union, including its food court and dining spaces, was completed in 2013.


Willis S. Blatchley House is a national historic site located at 232 Lee Street, Dunedin, Florida in Pinellas County. It was the house on the American entomologist, malacologist and geologist Willis Blatchley.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 23, 2009.


Willow River State Park is a 2,891-acre (1,170 ha) Wisconsin state park located five miles (8 km) north of Hudson.  The centerpiece of the park is Willow Falls, a powerful cascade in a 200-foot (61 m) deep gorge.  Another popular feature is Little Falls Lake, a shallow reservoir on the Willow River. Because of its proximity to Minneapolis-St. Paul it is one of the most visited state parks in Wisconsin. Trilobite fossils found in the lower layers of the gorge indicate the rock is around 600 million years old.


Santee Sioux and Ojibwe tribes lived in the region and clashed over rights to wild rice lakes.  European explorers witnessed one of their battles in 1795 at the mouth of the Willow River.
Settlers moved in, and by 1830 logging and wheat farming were common in the Willow River Valley.  The river was invaluable for the former, as logs were floated downstream to the St. Croix.  A German immigrant, Christian Burkhardt, realized the river could also be harnessed for the latter industry, and built a grist mill here in 1868.  Burkhardt became a wealthy landowner and followed developments in water-powered industry.  He traveled home to Germany to examine hydroelectric power plants and returned in 1891 to build his own on the Willow River.  Burkhardt eventually built four power plants and dams on the river, which provided electricity to Hudson.  Northern States Power purchased Burkhardt's power company in 1945 and operated its sites until 1963, when damage to one of the plants from a lightning strike prompted the company to liquidate their Willow River holdings.
In 1967 Northern States Power sold the land to the Wisconsin Conservation Commission for a state park, and stabilized the dams at a financial loss.  The state park opened in 1971.  Some of the dams were removed in the 1990s to improve the scenery and trout fishery, and now only one remains. The land is still being restored from damming and farming.


The park includes the following recreational activities:
Boating: A boat ramp provides access to Little Falls Lake for non-motorized watercraft.
Camping: There is a shaded campground with 72 sites (19 with electrical hookups). The park also has 50 new camp sites in a natural prairie area, 28 of which are electric and 6 of which are pull through sites for large RVs.
Fishing: Stocked and naturally reproducing trout are found throughout the Willow River.
Rock climbing: There are several bolted sport climbs on the gorge walls, ranging from 5.9 to 5.14c in difficulty. The majority of the routes are 5.12 and up. This area contains a high concentration of steep overhanging routes. The rock is a mixture of limestone and dolomite. Some restrictions on climbing, which are enforced year-around, include no climbing allowed on Saturday or after noon on Friday or Sunday. In addition, leaving fixed gear is prohibited, and rappelling from the top of the gorge is not allowed. Climbers need to be aware of possible loose rock and ensure no one is located in a potential rock fall area.
Swimming: A beach along the southern shore of Little Falls Lake has picnic tables, a beach house, and extensive parking.
Trails
Hidden Ponds Nature Trail (hiking, accessible): Guides are available at the head of this paved loop around a wetland (0.6 miles (3,200 ft; 970 m)).
Little Falls Trail (hiking, biking, rollerblading): Follows the developed shoreline from the campground to the dam (0.9 miles (4,800 ft; 1,400 m)).
Willow Falls Trail (hiking): Follows the shoreline from the campground to Willow Falls (0.9 miles (4,800 ft; 1,400 m)).
Willow Falls Hill Trail (hiking): A steep shortcut to the falls from a separate parking lot (0.3 miles (1,600 ft; 480 m)).
Trout Brook Trail (hiking): A level out-and-back route along the river below the dam (1.1 miles (5,800 ft; 1,800 m)).
Oak Ridge Trail (hiking): A forested path between the lake parking and the campground (0.9 miles (4,800 ft; 1,400 m)).
White Tail Trail (hiking): A loop off the Oak Ridge Trail through forest meadows popular with white tail deer (1.6 miles (8,400 ft; 2,600 m)).
Knapweed Trail (hiking): Passes through fields being restored into prairie and forest (0.9 miles (4,800 ft; 1,400 m)).
Pioneer Trail (hiking): Leads past the gravesite of early European settlers to an overlook of Willow Falls (0.9 miles (4,800 ft; 1,400 m)).
Burkhardt Trail (hiking): A network of trails above the falls with several overlooks (3.0 miles (15,800 ft; 4,800 m)).
Mound Trail (hiking): Follows the Willow River in the undeveloped northeastern part of the park, past a glacial mound (1.1 miles (5,800 ft; 1,800 m)).


The Willow River Nature Center is located near the main picnic area, and features natural history exhibits.  Naturalists offer public programs throughout the year.


The Willy-Brandt-Haus in Lübeck is a museum and a memorial to the late politician  Federal Chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Willy Brandt, of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
The Berlin based branch of the federal Chancellor Willy Brandt Foundation also houses the Office of Monumental Protection of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, in Schleswig-Holstein. It is the third establishment in the city to honor a Nobel Prize laureate from Lübeck.
The director of the Willy-Brandt-Haus is the historian, Jürgen Lillteicher.
Willy Brandt was not born in this building, but in different house in the Lübeck district of St. Lorenz.


The Willy-Brandt House opened on 18 December 2007, on what would have been Willy Brandt's 94th birthday, in his home town of Lübeck. The establishment of a memorial in Willy Brandt's hometown was suggested by Günter Grass, Nobel Prize laureate for literature, who had maintained political ties to him since the 1960s.
The city of Lübeck provided a patrician house in need of restoration on Königstraße 21 for the museum. It was an assembly house of the Zirkelgesellschaft, a fraternity of  long-distance merchants, before it became the seat of the Supreme Court of the Four Free Cities (Bremen, Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main and Lübeck) in the 19th century. It was later used as the State Archive of the Hanseatic city as well as a public library. After years of vacancy, the cost of renovating, converting and furnishing the building came to a sum of 3.8 million euros. The federal republic contributed 2.8 million euros and the German Foundation for Monument Protection contributed one million euros.
In addition to politicians and Günter Grass, Willy Brandt's daughter, Ninja Brandt, his son Peter Brandt, and his widow Brigitte Seebacher attended the inauguration of the museum.


The exhibition on the ground floor, divided into six sections arranged chronologically and spatially, tells the story of the life of Willy Brandt.
One room presents Brandt's childhood and youth in Lübeck, followed by his experiences in the resistance movement, escape to Norway by boat and exile. As a reporter, he attended the Nuremberg Trials, after which he recognized the difficulties Germany faced after the war.
His time as the governing mayor of Berlin saw events such as the Berlin ultimatum, the building of the Berlin wall, Kennedy's visit and the step-by-step policy. As a foreign minister and afterwards Chancellor, Brandt followed Ostpolitik, a policy of building relationships with Eastern bloc countries, and called for European unification. A smaller exhibition room shows election campaign posters from 1972, the so-called Willy-Wahl which Brandt won by a landslide victory.
In the final, largest room of the exhibition, international themes are presented: Willy Brandt's "global commitment" for the resolution of North-South disparities, the promotion of peace and freedom, and the assertion of human rights.
In the foyer, a sculpture of Willy Brandt can be found in a niche next to the staircase. The original, larger than life sculpture can be seen in the SPD party headquarters, at the Willy-Brandt-Haus in Berlin. The work of the sculptor Rainer Fetting is a loan from a Lübeck art dealer and his wife. A part of the Berlin Wall can be found in the inner courtyard of the building, which is connected to a small room containing photos from Willy Brandt's private life.
Through the back of the building, one can access the Günter Grass House on Glockengießerstraße. A passage to Bürgergärten in the inner courtyard of Heiligen-Geist-Hospital is under discussion.
In addition to its function as a museum and a memorial, the Willy-Brandt-Haus in Lübeck is a place for political education for all school grades and a venue for seminars by contemporary witnesses and panel discussions. Guided tours for children are also available. Since 2012, pupils have been trained to become young museum guides as part of the project "Youth in the Museum" sponsored by Lübeck-based Michael Haukohl Foundation .


Winchester House is a Grade II listed building in Putney in the London Borough of Wandsworth, it is home to the Winchester House Club.


The house is at number 10 on the north side of Lower Richmond road.


The club reports that the house was built in the early 17th Century and a mulberry tree in the garden was planted by Oliver Cromwell, at the time of the Putney Debates in 1647.  Other sources suggest the building dates back to circa 1730, being built or rebuilt by the Huguenot refugee Jacques Badouin from Nîmes, France. A west wing was added in 1760.
An image from 1915 shows landscaped gardens and there is memorial in the building to those lost in World War I.  The building was Grade II listed in 1955. In 2016 it was refurbished and reopened as a venue, it is approved for wedding ceremonies.


In 1892 the 'Putney Constitutional Club Company Limited' was incorporated as a club, in 1997 the club changed its name to 'The Winchester House Club Limited'. The club is described as 'a traditional and thriving private members club offering a range of facilities within a serene setting'.


The Windgfällweiher is a reservoir between the Titisee and the Schluchsee in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located within the High Black Forest and lies in a hollow formed by ice age glaciation between the villages of Altglashütten, Falkau and Aha on the territory of the municipality of Lenzkirch.
The lake lies in a trough that runs from the Seebach valley in the northwest to the Schluchsee in the southeast and thus crosses the generally northeastward-running streams in the area. This remnant of a former valley is followed by the Three Lakes Railway that was built between 1920 and 1926 and by the transfer channel (Überleitungskanal), built in 1932 and belonging to the Schluchseewerk, which takes water from the Seebach valley via the Haslach valley to the Schluchsee Basin.
North of the low-lying watershed in this trough, between the Haslach in the north and the Ahabach in the south, now drowned by the impounded Schluchsee, the glacier of the last ice age carved out a basin, in which a small bog lake formed, the natural precursor to today's reservoir. This was enlarged in 1895 by the former Falkau Screw Works (Schraubenfabrik Falkau) with a dam in the north and the water surface raised by about 6 metres. At the same time the lake, which had only hitherto been fed from the east by the Kähnerbächle, was given another inflow in the form of a small leat (Hangkanal) from the southwest. Since 1932 the Windgfällweiher has been incorporated into the transfer of water from the Seebach to the Schluchsee (covered leat) and drained since then in the opposite direction i.e. to the south. The water is led via a ditch over the low watershed, initially as the Windgefällbach and later, the Schwarzach, into the Schluchsee.
Since 1950 the lake has been protected. In 2002 an angling and fish consumption ban was announced, because PCB had been discovered in the sediment depositions on the bottom of the lake.
On the wooded eastern shore of the Windgfällweiher, a lake barely touched by the streams of visitors to the area, lies a rather less picturesque bathing beach with a listed building.
The Windgfällweiher, together with the Schluchsee and Titisee, contributed to the name of the Three Lakes Railway.


Windmill Hill Mill is a grade II* listed post mill at Herstmonceux, Sussex, England which has been restored and now operates as a working mill. The mill is open to the public on most Sundays from Easter until October.


Windmill Hill Mill was built c. 1814 by William Medhurst, the Lewes millwright. It was working by wind until 1893, when it was stopped owing to a weak weatherbeam. It is the largest post mill in Sussex, and is unique in that it is fitted with Hammond's Patent Sweep Governor, a feature previously fitted to Jack Mill, Clayton.
After work by wind had ceased, milling was continued by means of a steam-powered mill set up in the roundhouse. Neve, the Warbleton millwright was responsible for the fitting-out of the roundhouse as a power mill. The mill stood derelict for many years with major structural faults, including both side girts being broken.


In 1994, a supporting steel framework was placed around the mill, and the remaining iron sheeting that clad the breast and sides of the mill removed. The tail of the mill was clad in plywood to keep the weather out. A trust was set up in 1995, aiming to prevent further deterioration in the condition of the mill, and to assess options for restoration. The Heritage Lottery Fund agreed in principle to support the restoration work. English Heritage funded the study to produce an application for lottery funds to restore the mill.  A detailed study of the mill was made in the summer of 2000. IJP Millwrights of Binfield Heath were contracted to restore the mill. A grant of £570,000 towards a total restoration cost of £770,000 was made in December 2001, this being the biggest single Lottery grant to an individual windmill. The mill was dismantled during November and December 2003, and taken in sections to IJP's workshops. Modern millwrighting techniques, including CAD were used in the assessment of the structure of the mill in preparation for the rebuild. It was found that one of the quarterbars in the trestle would need to be replaced due to damage done by Death Watch Beetles.
The rebuilt frame of the mill was lifted  back onto the main post on 7 September 2004. The sails were fitted to the mill between 24 November and 3 December 2005.
On 19 November 2014 the Heritage Lottery Fund announced the grant of £80,800 for restoration of machinery and sweeps to grind flour. On 5 November 2015, the full patent sweeps turned again for the first time in 120 years.


Windmill Hill Mill is a post mill on a two-storey roundhouse. She has four patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft and was winded by a tailpole. Winding is now computer-controlled, with an automatic turning device installed that receives information about the wind direction from sensors mounted on the mill. The wooden brake-wheel is of clasp-arm construction, with oak arms and an elm rim. It has 104 cogs and drives a stone nut with twelve cogs. The tail wheel is of cast iron, with 130 cogs. The mill drove two pairs of millstones, arranged head and tail. The headstones are Peak stones and the tailstones are French Burrs. The body of the mill is 21 feet 3 inches (6.48 m) long and 12 feet 3 inches (3.73 m) wide, the largest surviving post mill by floor plan in the United Kingdom. It is 50 feet 10 inches (15.49 m) high to the roof, the second tallest post mill in England. The roundhouse is 22 feet 6 inches (6.86 m) in diameter and has a single-storey lean-to extension of part of its circumference. When originally built, the mill had a single-storey roundhouse which was raised in the 1850s. The Hammond's Sweep Governor was fitted in the 1870s.


Beeney 1845 - 1877
Charles Edwin Hammond 1878 - 1887
Henry Harmer 1887 - 1913
References for above:-


The Wine Museum (Musée du Vin), located in Ehnen on the Luxembourg side of the Moselle, illustrates the art of wine-making with exhibits of traditional vintner's tools and bottling equipment together with old documents and photographs. The property was acquired by the state in 1974 and opened as a museum in 1978. It occupies the home of a former vintner with winemaking antiques and furnishings.


Standing close to the banks of the river, the 18th-century house belonged to the prosperous Wellenstein family. The premises also house a cooperage showing how barrels were made, a large wine press, a smithy and the former Ehnen office of weights and measures. The museum exhibits demonstrate the process of wine-making from growing the grapes to bottling the wine. Many of the items in the museum have been donated by local vintners. There is also a small vinyard with all the local grape varieties. As these grapes are grown on government land, the wine made from them is served at official functions such as embassy dinners.
The museum is open from April through October, and is one of the main sites of the annual Riesling Open wine festival.


The Ópera de Arame, in Portuguese, or the Wire Opera House, in English, is a theatre house located in the city of Curitiba, the capital of the state of Paraná, in southern Brazil. It is one of the major tourist attractions of the city. The opera house has a capacity of 2,400 spectators.
Situated in the middle of an urban green park, Parque das Pedreiras, the Wire Opera House theatre is built out of steel tubes. It is built on the site of a former rock quarry close to "Pedreira de Paulo Leminski." The structure is found in the middle of an artificial lake and accessed by a walkway. Designed by Domingos Bongestabs, the metallic structure weighs a total of 360T of steel. The structure was built in 75 days and opened on March 18, 1992. It underwent many changes until 2006. The idea was to present outdoor shows with a new and innovative perspective.


The Wisconsin State Capitol, located in Madison, Wisconsin, houses both chambers of the Wisconsin legislature along with the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor. Completed in 1917, the building is the fifth to serve as the Wisconsin capitol since the first territorial legislature convened in 1836 and the third building since Wisconsin was granted statehood in 1848. The Wisconsin State Capitol is the tallest building in Madison, a distinction that has been preserved by legislation that prohibits buildings taller than the columns surrounding the dome (187 feet). The Capitol is located at the southwestern end of the Madison Isthmus. The streets surrounding the building form the Capitol Square, which is home to many restaurants and shops.


The first capitol was a prefabricated wood-frame council house without heat or water that had been sent hastily to Belmont. Legislators met there for 42 days after Belmont was designated the capital of Wisconsin Territory. The session chose Madison as the site of the capitol, and Burlington, Iowa as the site of further legislative sessions until Madison could be ready. The council house and an associated lodging house still stand and are operated by the Wisconsin Historical Society as the First Capitol Historic Site.


The second capitol was constructed during 1837 in Madison of stone cut from Maple Bluff and oak cut locally. Located on the site of the present capitol, it was a small but typical frontier capitol that cost $60,000 to build.


Growing government needs forced the state to construct a new capitol, also on the site of the present capitol. This structure, with a similar U.S. Capitol-inspired dome, was built between 1857 and 1869. During 1882, it was expanded at a cost of $900,000, with two wings to the north and south. During 1903, however, a commission began researching replacement of the structure.


On the night of February 26, 1904, a gas jet ignited a newly varnished ceiling in the third capitol building. Although the building had an advanced fire-fighting system, the nearby University of Wisconsin–Madison's reservoir, which supplied the capitol, was empty, allowing the fire to spread substantially before the switch to alternate city water supplies could be made. Madison firefighters could not handle the blaze on their own, so additional men and equipment had to be brought from Milwaukee. The effectiveness of the reinforcements was initially hampered by very cold temperatures; by the time they reached Madison, their equipment had frozen and needed to be thawed. As a result, the entire structure, except the north wing, burned to the ground. Numerous records, books, and historical artifacts were lost, including the mount of Old Abe, a Civil War mascot. However, through the efforts of university students, much of the state law library was saved. The fire occurred just after the state legislature had voted to cancel the capitol's fire insurance policy.


Construction of the present capitol, the third in Madison, began in late 1906 and was completed in 1917 at a cost of $7.25 million. The architect was George B. Post & Sons from New York. Because of financial limitations and the need for immediate office space to house state government employees, the construction of the new building was extended over several years and emphasized building one wing at a time.
The Capitol is 284 feet, 5 inches tall from the ground floor to the top of the Wisconsin statue on the dome.
The Wisconsin statue on the dome was sculpted during 1920 by Daniel Chester French of New York. Its left hand holds a globe surmounted by an eagle and her right arm is outstretched to symbolize the state motto, "Forward". It wears a helmet with the state animal, the badger, on top. It is made of hollow bronze covered with gold leaf. Wisconsin is 15 feet, 5 inches tall and weighs three tons. The statue is commonly misidentified as Lady Forward or Miss Forward, which is the name of another statue on the capitol grounds.
The capitol ceiling, visible from the center of the building, features Resources of Wisconsin, a mural by Edwin Howland Blashfield. Due to the domed shape of the ceiling, the mural was painted in pieces and was assembled similarly to a jigsaw puzzle. It features a woman sitting on a throne of clouds, representing Wisconsin. Wisconsin is surrounded by other women, wrapped in a large American Flag, who are reaching for goods such as tobacco, lead, and fruits.
The capitol was constructed of 43 types of stone from six countries and eight states. The exterior stone is Bethel white granite from Vermont, making the exterior dome the largest granite dome in the world. The corridor floors, walls and columns are of marble from the states of Tennessee, Missouri, Vermont, Georgia, New York, and Maryland; granite from the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota; and limestone from the states of Minnesota and Illinois. Marble from the countries of France, Italy, Greece, Algeria and Germany, and syenite from Norway are also represented. Other Wisconsin granites are located throughout the public hallways on the ground, first, and second floors.
The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2001. A 1990 state law prevents any building within one mile of the capitol from being taller than the base of the columns surrounding and supporting its dome.


From 1988 to 2002, the capitol underwent a renovation and restoration project costing $158.8 million. The project was performed wing by wing, the same as the original construction of the capitol. The purpose of the project was to convert the capitol into a modern working building, while restoring and preserving its original 1917 appearance. Remodeling projects of the 1960s and 70s had introduced features out of character with the architecture of the building, such as dropped ceilings, movable partitions and fluorescent light fixtures, and many original decorative stencils were painted over. The restoration project returned public spaces to their original appearance. Original decorative stencils were repaired. Stairs, which had been sealed during the 1970s, were uncovered. The exterior granite was cleaned and repaired by workers who rappelled down from the dome. The renovation plan also included integrating modern technology into the original architecture. Electrical, mechanical (such as plumbing and heating), and communications systems were upgraded; asbestos was removed, and air conditioning was added. The capitol basement floor was lowered two feet to provide additional usable office space. Legislative offices were rebuilt as two-room suites (originally legislators did not have offices in the capitol, only their desks in the Senate and Assembly chambers). Modern office furniture was designed to look like the original oak furniture.


Architect Post planned an elaborate sculpture program for the building. Initially the commission for the statue of Wisconsin on the top of the dome was promised to Helen Farnsworth Mears but when Daniel Chester French agreed to produce the finial figure, the commission was switched to him. This work, often referred to as the "Golden Lady", consists of an allegorical figure reminiscent of Athena, dressed in Greek garb, and wearing a helmet topped by a badger, the Wisconsin state totem. In the left hand it holds a globe with an eagle perched on top. Across its chest is a large W, for Wisconsin.
Post's original concept for the building required four small domes to be placed at the base of the large one, but the plans were changed and the domes were replaced by four sculptural groups by Karl Bitter. These groups (again, in Greek clothing) symbolized Faith, Strength, Prosperity and Abundance and Knowledge.
Each of the four wings of the building is fronted by a pediment whose figures relate to the principal activities that were to occur within. Thus the east wing, housing the Supreme Court, features a pediment by Bitter entitled Law; the south has Adolph Alexander Weinman's Virtues and Traits of Character, for the wing containing the State Senate. Bitter's other pediment, the west, is Agriculture, while Attilio Piccirilli's Wisdom and Learning of the World adorns the north pediment. The carving of all these sculptures is attributed to the Piccirilli Brothers.


Naturally occurring fossils are found throughout the capitol:
Starfish: North wing, left grand stairs, 1st to 2nd floor, fourth step from bottom
Coral: West wing, second floor, railing overlooking central corridor, outside of Assembly chamber
Nautiloid: North wing, second floor, left of north hearing room entrance
Gastropod: West wing, left grand stairs; 1st to 2nd floor railing, above 9th step from top
Ammonoid: North wing, second floor, north hearing room
Bryozoan: South wing, second floor, left grand stairs, top step
Burrows: Northwest, second floor, wall to right room 225 NW
Brachiopods: East wing, ground floor, pillars near entrance


The Wisenberg (1,002 m) is a wooded mountain of the Jura Mountains, located between Häfelfingen and Wisen in northern Switzerland. The summit lies within the canton of Basel-Landschaft, near the border with the canton of Solothurn. The Wisenberg is both the northernmost and easternmost summit above 1,000 metres in the Jura Mountains.
On the summit is an observation tower.


Wollman Rink is a public ice rink in the southern part of Central Park, Manhattan, New York City.  It is named after the Wollman family who donated the funds for its original construction.  The rink is open for ice skating from late October to early April.
Wollman Rink opened in 1950, having been proposed four years earlier.  The rink was closed for renovations in late 1980 and reopened in November 1986. Following the renovation, The Trump Organization operated the rink under contract with the New York City government until 1995 and again from 2001 until 2021. From 2003 until 2019, Central Amusement International, LLC, operator of the Luna Park amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, operated Victorian Gardens, a seasonal amusement park for children, on the site from late May to September.


The rink is located at the southeast corner of Central Park. It was formerly part of the Pond, located directly east of Wollman Rink. The Pond's western section was drained and backfilled during the mid-20th century.
Wollman Rink at Central Park is distinct from the Kate Wollman Memorial Rink at Prospect Park in Brooklyn which was built with money donated by the William J. Wollman Foundation after Kate Wollman's death.  It was operational from 1961 until its demolition in 2010.


Wollman Rink opened in 1950. The rink was closed for renovations in the winter of 1980 and reopened in November 1986. In 2003, the Victorian Gardens amusement park with rides "specifically geared to ages 2–12 years old" opened its gates to the general public during the summer months for the first time.


A skating rink in the southeastern corner of Central Park was first proposed in 1945. In 1949, philanthropist Kate Wollman (1869–1955) donated $600,000 for the rink's construction to commemorate her family. She is the great-aunt of Henry and Richard Bloch, co-founders of H&R Block. One of her brothers was William J. Wollman, who operated the W.J. Wollman & Co. stock exchange firm, originally in Kansas City and later in New York. After he died in 1937, she helped administer his estate.


Until 1980, the rink was the venue for a series of outdoor summer rock, pop, country, and jazz concerts.  Initially the "Wollman Theater" or "Wollman Skating Rink Theater" had 4,400 seats; bleachers were added in 1972 to increase the capacity to 8,000.  In the summer of 1957, WOR radio personality Jean Shepherd hosted a series of "Jazz under the stars" concerts on 15 consecutive nights, featuring Billie Holiday, Bud Powell, Lionel Hampton, Dave Brubeck, Dizzy Gillespie, Buddy Rich, Dinah Washington, Stan Getz, and others. From 1966 to 1980, summer music festivals consisting of 30 to 50 concerts each summer took place at the rink. The festivals were named after their main sponsors, Rheingold Breweries in 1966 and 1967, F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company from 1968 to 1976 when the festival was called the Schaefer Music Festival, and Dr Pepper from 1977 to 1980 when it was called the Dr Pepper Central Park Music Festival.Todd Rundgren's Utopia, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Beach Boys, and the Patti Smith Group were some of the biggest rock groups who played at the rink; country, blues, rhythm & blues, and jazz artists included Earl Scruggs, John Lee Hooker, The Supremes, and Buddy Rich.


In 1974, the New York City Parks and Recreation Department started planning a renovation of the rink, including switching the refrigeration system from brinewater to liquid Freon to lower the operation costs at a time of rising fuel costs. In January 1975, a $4 million plan to renovate Wollman Rink at the park's southeastern corner was announced. By late 1975, the Central Park Task Force, an agency of NYC Parks, released a revised plan to dredge the Pond and redesign the landscaping in the park's southeastern corner for $2.5 million. All plans were deferred due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis.
The rink had to be closed in the winter of 1980 when its concrete floor buckled; at that time, the renovation was estimated to cost up to $4.9 million and take two years. Due to the necessity of soliciting bids for three separate contracts and a series of planning errors, construction mishaps, and flooding caused by heavy rains, the renovations had not been completed by May 1986 when the city decided to use brinewater in plastic pipes.  By that time, $12.9 million had been spent, with an additional $2 to $3 million estimated to complete the work by the winter of 1987.
Donald Trump then offered mayor Ed Koch to rebuild Wollman Rink at his expense within six months, in return for the leases to operate the rink and an adjacent restaurant to recoup his costs.  The final agreement was that the city would reimburse Trump for the costs up to the agreed limit and that he would donate the profits of rink and restaurant to charity and public works.  Trump asked his contractors, among them HRH Construction, to also do the work without making a profit, promising them publicity but not mentioning their contributions to the press afterwards. The work was completed two months ahead of schedule and $750,000 under the estimated costs. As part of the agreement to keep operating Wollman Rink, Trump agreed to also take a concession for the Lasker Rink as well, and the Trump Organization won concessions for the rinks in 1987.


When the rink reopened in November 1986, ticket prices were raised from $2.50 to $4.50, and attendance was up from 130,000 in 1980 to 250,000 in 1987.  As part of its agreement with the city, the Trump Organization donated most of the profit to public works, including $50,000 for the rink's electricity costs, and to charity, among them United Cerebral Palsy, Partnership for the Homeless, and Gay Men's Health Crisis.
The Trump Organization held the concession until 1995, when M&T Pretzel Inc. outbid Trump for a six-year contract to operate Wollman and Lasker skating rinks. A Trump-owned subsidiary, Wollman Rink Operations LLC, won another concession in 2001 to operate the rinks until April 30, 2021. Wollman Rink Operations LLC is owned by DJT Holdings LLC which was owned by the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust for the duration of Trump's presidency.
In 2019, the Trump Organization removed the Trump name from most signs and logos at both Wollman and Lasker Rinks without giving a reason. During its last season of operation, the Trump Organization charged admission fees of $12 for adults from Monday to Thursday, $19 on Friday to Sunday and holidays, and $6 all week  for youths 11 and under.


On January 13, 2021, New York City mayor Bill de Blasio announced that the city government would be severing all contracts with the Trump Organization, saying Trump had been involved in the previous week's storming of the United States Capitol. The cancellation of the Trump Organization's contracts to operate Wollman Rink, Lasker Rink, and the Central Park Carousel was supposed to go into effect on February 26. The city later allowed the rinks to stay open until the scheduled end of the skating season. The Trump concession expired in April 2021.


In February 2021, the Parks Department announced their request for competitive bids on 5-year contracts for the operation and maintenance of Wollman Rink to be submitted by March 19, 2021. Separately, the non-profit Central Park Conservancy had proposed operating the rink for 20 years and investing $50 million towards renovations. Wollman Park Partners LLC, a joint venture between Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment, The Related Companies, Equinox Group, and numerous community organizations, was selected to receive a five-year contract to operate the rink in July 2021.
The rink, with a new clubhouse, reopened in November 2021.


Wollman Rink has been featured in several films, including Love Story (1970), Carnal Knowledge (1971), The Devil's Own (1997), Serendipity (2001), Night At The Museum (2006), Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011), and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).  It was also featured in the video game Mat Hoffman's Pro BMX, in the music video 2 Become 1, and on Impractical Jokers. Joni Mitchell sings about ice skaters on Wollman Rink in "Song for Sharon" on her 1976 album Hejira.


The Wurstelprater (Wurstel or Wurschtel being the Viennese name for Hanswurst) is an amusement park and section of the Wiener Prater (a park) in Leopoldstadt, Vienna, Austria.
This institution dates back to the time of the Austrian Empire, when Emperor Joseph II made the Prater (which had been serving as Imperial hunting ground until then) open to the public in 1766. Soon the first snack bars, stalls and bowling alleys opened up on the grounds and the Wurstelprater was born.
The best-known attraction is the Wiener Riesenrad, a Ferris wheel. The park also features various rides, bumper cars, carousels, roller coasters, shooting galleries, ghost trains, a Madame Tussauds wax works cabinet and much more. Apart from the rides, the park features various famous traditional Viennese restaurants (such as the Schweizerhaus and the Walfisch) and souvenir shops.
The mascot for the park is Calafati, a 9 m-tall sculpture of a Chinese man, which stands near the Wiener Riesenrad.
The park is open from 10:00 am to 1:00 am daily in its season, which runs from 15 March to 31 October. Some attractions, as well as the food stands and restaurants, are open throughout the year. There is no entrance fee to get into the park; instead, each attraction charges its own fee, the attractions being individual businesses mostly owned by local families.
During the advent season, a small Christmas Market can be found on Riesenradplatz, right beside the Wiener Riesenrad Ferris Wheel at the Wurstelprater entrance. This Wintermarkt is open from mid-November till beginning of January and features traditional Christmas gifts as well as seasonal food and beverages.
The Wurstelprater is located in the Wiener Prater and can be conveniently reached by public transport (U1/U2 Praterstern) as well as by car (parking facilities available).


The Taoist priest Wu Huacun of the Qing Dynasty built a house on the island after arriving in search of a place to create the "elixir of life".


Over 2,700 plant varieties occur on the island, including exotic flowers and trees such as Alsophila spinulosa and Dracaena draco, thought to be the oldest plant species in the world.
The waters surrounding the island contain numerous species such as sea cucumbers, urchins, and tropical fish.


In May 2011, a construction project began to create a marine ecology area. The "sea ranch" planned 18,000 cubic meters of artificial reefs over an area of approximately 66.6 hectares. This aquaculture project is funded by a private investment of about 3 million USD.
As of September 2020, there is now a National Marine Ranch Demonstration Zone and 6 of the planned marine ranches are under construction with additional funding in alignment with the overall plan for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port, more ranches will follow to promote tourism as well as the recovery of the marine ecology.
The following named ranches are under construction:
Haikou East Coast Marine Ranch
Lingaotou Yangwan Marine Ranch
Wenchang Fengjiawan Marine Ranch
Danzhou Eman Marine Ranch
Wanning Chauzi Island Marine Ranch
Sanya Yazhou Bay Ocean Ranch


The Wye Mill is the oldest continuously operated grist mill in the United States, located at Wye Mills, Queen Anne's County and Talbot County, Maryland, United States. It is the earliest industrial site on the Eastern Shore in continuous use; dating to the late 17th century. It is a wood-frame, water-powered grist mill, with a 19th-century 26 HP 10-foot-diameter (3.0 m) Fitz steel overshot wheel. The mill retains nearly all of its late-18th-century equipment. The Wye Mill was one of the first grist mills to be automated with the Oliver Evans process, which is still in use today.
The Wye Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.


The Xiangshan Visitor Center (traditional Chinese: 向山行政暨遊客中心; simplified Chinese: 向山行政暨游客中心; pinyin: Xiàngshān Xíngzhèngjì Yóukè Zhōngxīn) is a visitor center overlooking Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.


The center was designed by architect Dan Norihiko with a theme of promoting the harmonious integration between human habitation and the natural world. The structure consists of two curved wings with central canopies, the latter each measuring 34 m (112 ft) in length and 8 m (26 ft) in height.


The Yang Family Ancestral Hall (traditional Chinese: 楊氏宗祠; simplified Chinese: 杨氏宗祠; pinyin: Yáng Shì Zōngcí) is an ancestral shrine in Jiadong Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan.


The building was constructed with traditional Hakka architecture style in quadrangle shape. It features a heart-shaped Tai chi pond located in front of the hall. The courtyard was built with red bricks. There are moon-shaped openings on the wall located on both sides of the courtyard. It is registered as the 3rd category historical site by the government.


The shrine is accessible within walking north of Jiadong Station of Taiwan Railways.


Yanggakdo, or Yanggak Island is a small island in the Taedong River, located about two kilometers to the south-east of the centre of the North Korean capital city Pyongyang. It is connected to the northern and southern side of Pyongyang by the Yanggak Bridge, which spans the island and separates it into a northeastern and southwestern part. The name means "Rams horn island" and is said to be derived from its shape.
On its northeastern end the 170 metres (560 ft) tall Yanggakdo International Hotel is located, the second tallest building in North Korea.
Adjacent to the hotel's southern side, there was originally a 9,000 square metre nine-hole golf course which as of 2011 had been demolished to make space for a new Chinese-funded health complex to be built.
Also on the northeastern part of Yanggak Island, the Pyongyang International Cinema Hall can be found, which hosts the opening and closing ceremonies of the Pyongyang International Film Festival.
The island's southwestern part houses the Yanggakdo Stadium, which is a multi-purpose stadium that holds 30,000 people and was opened in 1989.


Yangon City Hall (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်မြို့တော်ခန်းမ; YCH) is the city hall of Yangon, the largest city of Myanmar, and the seat of the city's administrative body, Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). The building is considered a fine example of syncretic Burmese architecture, featuring traditional tiered roofs called pyatthat, and was designed by Burmese architect U Tin, who also designed Central Railway Station. Construction began in 1926 and ended in 1936. The city hall occupies the former site of the Ripon Hall.
The city hall has been the focal point of several major political demonstrations, including a 1964 People's Peace Committee rally supported by Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, which attracted 200,000 people and was subsequently clamped down by Ne Win's military junta. and the site of several bombings, including one in 2000, 2008, and 2009.
Centrally located in downtown Yangon, it is next to several important landmarks such as Sule Pagoda, Maha Bandula Park, High Court, and the Main Post Office.
The building is listed on the Yangon City Heritage List.


Yelcho Lake is a large fjord-shaped lake located in Chilean Patagonia, in southern Palena province of Los Lagos Region, Chile. The lake receives the waters of the Futaleufu River at its southern tip, near the tiny settlement of Puerto Ramirez. The river then flows northward through mountainous and glaciated terrain, until it outflows via the Yelcho River north-west and empties into Gulf of Corcovado, near Chaitén. The lake is a popular destination for fly fishing, and several lodges and hotels operate on its shores. Yelcho Lake is most frequently accessed via the town of Chaitén to the north. Two small commercial airlines operate daily flights from Puerto Montt. Another option is ferry service direct from Puerto Montt, the bimodal ferry service from the town of Hornopiren, or direct from the port of Quellón on the island of Chiloe on the other side of the Gulf of Corcovado. Traffic on the Carretera Austral along the western shore of Yelcho Lake was interrupted in December 2017 due to a mudslide in the settlement of Villa Santa Lucía, which killed 22 people. The road reopened in February 2018.


Ylläs, or Yllästunturi in Finnish, is a 718-metre (2,356 ft) high fell in the municipality of Kolari in Lapland Province of Finland. There are two villages near Ylläs: Äkäslompolo on the north side and Ylläsjärvi in the south. They are connected by an 11 km road, around the side of the fell. Both villages derive much of their income from tourism.
Ylläs is a popular cross country and downhill skiing centre. The area's marketing slogan is "Ylläs on ykkönen!" (Finnish for "Ylläs is number one!").
Ylläs is the second largest ski resort in Lapland, after Levi.
Many companies in the vicinity of Ylläs have taken the fell's name as part of their own, such as the Ylläksen Nousu sports club in Äkäslompolo.
Ylläs is the highest fell in Finland where you can find skiing lifts.
In the Ylläs area there are:
330 kilometres (210 mi) cross-country skiing tracks, 38 kilometres (24 mi) of which are lit
61 ski slopes
29 ski lifts
Other fells near Ylläs are Kukastunturi, Lainiotunturi, Kuertunturi, Kesänki, Pyhätunturi and Aakenustunturi.
The nearest railway station is at Kolari and the nearest airport is Kittilä Airport.
Ylläs was the host of the thirteenth 1995 Winter Deaflympics.
Ylläs is also a popular tourist destination during the summer months with activities such as hiking, biking, fishing and canoeing all available for visitors to enjoy. The gondola is open during the summer season making it easy to reach the top of the fell and enjoy the panoramic views.


Ynys Moelfre (or Moelfre Island) is a small island off the coast of Anglesey, Wales. At low tide it has a maximum length of 261 metres and a maximum width of 121 metres with a maximum area of 6.6 acres (27,000 m²). The nearest settlement to the island is the village of Moelfre, and the two are separated by a shallow channel called Y Swnt (The Strait or The Sound), which is never more than 194 metres wide and can at low tide only be waist-deep all the way across. At extreme low Spring tides, it is possible to walk across to the island on dry ground all the way. Due to its proximity to the mainland there are grasses found on the island and a few wild flowers. Species of birds that can be found on the island include gulls, terns, gannets, fulmars, and Great/Arctic skuas. A colony of seals live there and porpoises are occasionally seen also. There are, however, no man-made structures. It is referred to by some locals as Rat Island.


The Yokohama Bay Bridge (横浜ベイブリッジ, Yokohama Bei Buridji) is an 860 metres (2,820 ft) cable stayed bridge in Yokohama, Japan. Opened September 27, 1989, it crosses Tokyo Bay with a span of 460 metres (1,510 feet). The toll is ¥600. The bridge is part of the Bayshore Route of the Shuto Expressway.


"Yokohama Bay Bridge". Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT). Retrieved 2010-07-10.


The Young Mao Zedong statue  is located on Orange Isle in Changsha, Hunan. The monument stands 32 metres (105 ft) tall and depicts Mao Zedong's head. The Hunan People's Government began building it in 2007 and it was completed two years later, in 2009. It took more than 800 tons of granite mined from Fujian to complete.
It is 83 metres long, symbolising Mao's age at his death, 41m wide, symbolising the number of years he led the Chinese Communist Party from the Zunyi Conference to his death, and 32m high, representing Mao's age when he wrote his poem dedicated to Changsha city.


Yr Elen is a mountain in the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales. It is the ninth highest mountain in Snowdonia.  The average annual temperature of the peak is around 4 °C (39 °F). It lies on a short ridge running north-northwest off the main northeast-to-southwest ridge of the Carneddau, just over one kilometre from Carnedd Llewelyn.
It is usually climbed from the main ridge of the Carneddau, as it is only a short walk from Carnedd Llywelyn. It can also be climbed from Gerlan, near Bethesda, following Afon Llafar then heading up the slopes of Yr Elen, but this involves walking through wet valleys and a number of rivers that are difficult to cross. In drier times, ascent can be made via the crossing of Afon Caseg and then up the "front edge" of the peak. The views from this point north-west, over to Bangor and Anglesey, are stunning on a clear day, especially with a summer's sunset. This is well worth the arduous ascent.
The etymology of the name is unclear, with the personal name "Helen" or "Eleanor" being one possibility, perhaps after  Eleanor de Montfort (d. 1282), Princess of Wales and wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd.  Another is the leech (from soft mutation of Welsh gelen, leech), perhaps in reference to the way in which Yr Elen appears to be attached to the side of the remaining Carneddau.


Remains of a whaling station exist on the southern side of the island, possibly rivaling Smeerenburg in size. It was Europe's northernmost outpost ever established until the early 19th century; and the most northerly permanent settlement established of any size until the 1950s. The station had as many as nine tryworks, some having a single furnace, others having two. To the west of these structures were buildings used by the men working ashore. Further west is found one of the largest grave sites in Spitsbergen, where 165 graves have been found. The station probably belonged to the Zeeland partners of the Noordsche Compagnie, who were forced to settle on Ytre Norskøya sometime after 1619 because the whaling vessels belonging to Amsterdam would not allow them to establish themselves at Smeerenburg. A high look-out point on the island called Zeeusche Uytkyk (Zeeland Look-out) was used by the Dutch to search for the spouts of bowhead whales. The name appears on Henrik Doncker's 1655 map of Mauritius Bay (modern Smeerenburgfjorden), which, however, shows the bay as it was in the 1620s (when the Danes abandoned Smeerenburg). The station was abandoned in 1670.


The Yue Fei Temple or commonly known in Chinese as Yuewang Temple (Chinese: 岳王廟) is a temple built in honour of Yue Fei, a general of the Southern Song dynasty who fought against the Jurchen Jin dynasty during the Jin–Song Wars, after the capital of China moved south to Hangzhou.  The temple ground is located near the West Lake, in central Hangzhou.
The temple was first constructed during the Song dynasty in 1221 to commemorate Yue Fei. The site includes Yue Fei's Temple, Loyalty Temple and Yue Fei's Mausoleum inside.  The temple was reconstructed several times in later date.  The tombs and the tomb sculptures in the temple all date from the 12th century, and have been meticulously restored.


Yverdon-les-Bains Castle is a castle in the municipality of Yverdon-les-Bains of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.


The imposing main walls and their four towers follow the geometric characteristics used for lowland castles. It was planned out by the young mason and architect James of St. George as apprentice to his father Master John. He would later travel to England where he would become the master castle builder for King Edward I. James would be responsible for building a series of castles (known as the "Iron Ring") in North Wales following its conquest by the English Crown. As such the castle is the first known work of the architect later responsible for what historian Marc Morris called “the most magnificent chain of castles ever created.”
Yverdon's castle used to be the residence of the castellans of the Savoy dynasty, until 1536, followed by the bailiffs of Bern state. In 1798, the Département du Léman became the castle's owner. The Département had been set up by the short-lived Helvetic Republic (1798–1803), imposed by Napoleon I.
A few years later, Yverdon acquired the castle, to entrust it to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and his institute.  After 1838, the castle housed a public school. New classrooms were created, especially on the second floor: dividing walls were erected, additional windows changed the severe look of the castle's façade.
After 1950, these classrooms were gradually abandoned; the last classes left in 1974. The original medieval structure was then restored. The castle is today a multi-purpose cultural centre, housing a regional museum, a theatre, various conference rooms and the oldest public library of French-speaking Switzerland, founded already in 1763. The library is now part of the castle museum, existing since 1830.


The Zagreb Botanical Garden (Croatian: Botanički vrt u Zagrebu) is a botanical garden located in downtown Zagreb, Croatia. Founded in 1889 by Antun Heinz, Professor of the University of Zagreb, and opened to public in 1891, it is part of the Faculty of Science. Covering an area of 5 hectares, the garden is situated at an altitude of 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level. It is home to over 10,000 plant species from around the world, including 1,800 exotic ones. It has large ponds for aquatic plants. Some of Slava Raškaj's most notable works were painted by the garden ponds.


Zagreb Zoo (Croatian: Zoološki vrt Grada Zagreba) is a 7-hectare (17-acre) zoo located within Maksimir Park in Zagreb, Croatia and is across the street from Zagreb's Maksimir Stadium. It is one of three zoo parks in the country.
Zagreb Zoo is a member of both the European and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums and is a participant in the European Endangered Species Programme.


The zoo opened its doors on June 27, 1925. Reconstruction of the old zoo began in 1990. By October 2016, first part of the Zoo reconstruction and modernization was finished.


The zoo is home to 2,225 animals representing 275 species.


Leopard world
North China leopard
Amur leopard
Snow leopard
Madagascar
Ring tailed lemur
Black and white ruffed lemur
Australia enclouser
Red-necked Wallaby
Magpie-goose
Black swan
Sea Lion bay
California Sea Lion


Zaovine Lake is located on the southern slopes of the Tara Mountain, in the direction of the Zvijezda mountain, which marks the border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It spreads out between the villages of Zaovine to the south-west and Mitrovac, major tourist resort on Tara, to the north-east.


In the early April 2019 numerous media reported about the massive draining of the lake. A large amount of water was drained from the reservoir in the period of 15 days. The Jelisavčići bay, 20 m (66 ft) deep at the normal water level, drained to the point that it could be walked over on foot. The entire lake was reduced to the stream, as the water level plunged for 40 m (130 ft).
Complaints came from the local population, tourists, environmentalists, fishermen, excursionists and the representatives of the Tara National Park, who claimed that such fluctuation will damage wildlife, especially the fish population, as the lake is a spawning area. The empty lake became a national news, especially after the exposed, muddy banks triggered landslides down from the 300 m (980 ft) tall hills above the lake. Landslide area spread to 30 ha (74 acres), crumbling and tilting 21 houses and destroying roads, communal infrastructure, meadows and forests. The park authorities declared sections of the lake unsafe.
Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the state-owned electric utility power company Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) maintained that they are not emptying the lake and that situation is normal. After strong public and media reaction, the EPS began to pump water back into the lake. However, this happened after similar abrupt draining of other large reservoirs, like the Vlasina Lake in the summer of 2018, Lake Zavoj in 2018 or the Uvac Lake in November 2018. These lakes are also in the protected areas and the EPS claimed that everything was normal, while the local population accused them of forcing the electricity production and selling it on the black market. In the case of the Zaovine Lake, representative of the Tara National Park admitted that the "interest of the EPS differs from the interest of the park", while one of the local EPS managers stated that the "EPS commercial sector has to act according to the market".
The EPS also claimed that the mass wasting area already existed and was prone to landsliding anyway. The area was known for the mass wasting, but it was dormant since before 2000, as the water level was stable. National park departments estimated that the damage, both the material and environmental, especially for the fish life in the lake, is major.


The newly formed lake gained much publicity thanks to the Prophecy from Kremna. The book holds alleged prophecies of Miloš Tarabić (1809-54) and his nephew Mitar Tarabić (1829-99), villagers from Kremna, and one of the predictions said: "When Drina at Bajina Bašta gets bridged twice, and when it starts to flow up the Tara mountain, and the Good Friday and Đurđevdan fall on the same date, in those years some major trouble will occur". However, in his Non-Prophecy from Kremna: A Study of Deception, in which he debunked the prophecies, Voja Antonić proved that this prophecy wasn't in any of the original papers, nor it he first modern edition which came before the dam was finished and lake created in 1983. Second edition, from 1984, also made no mention of it, before the prophecy appeared in the third edition, in 1986.
Since then, the prediction of "Drina flowing up the Tara" became one of the most popularly accepted confirmation that the Tarabićs were truly clairvoyant. Even Antonić praised the "invention" of the editors for adding something recent into the book to "confirm" the prophecies, calling their intervention an "impressive hit".


Zasavica is located just several kilometers across the Sava River from the town of Sremska Mitrovica. The entire Zasavica system is located in the Mačva region and is administratively divided between the province of Vojvodina (northern part; municipality of Sremska Mitrovica) and Central Serbia (southern part; municipality of Bogatić. It roughly extends between the settlements of Crna Bara, Banovo Polje, Ravnje, Zasavica I, Zasavica II, Salaš Noćajski, Noćaj and Mačvanska Mitrovica.


The Zasavica bog is a marshy lowland in the floodplain of the Sava River. It is a typical elongated oxbow (in Serbian: mrtvaja, dead [water]). The fossilized, parallel bed of the Sava is so elongated that it actually stretches almost to the Drina river. In time, Zasavica river was formed from the subterranean waters from the Drina and from several streams, most notably, Duboka Jovača and Prekopac canal   (gravitationally, from the Cer mountain. The final section connecting Zasavica and Sava has been channeled (Bogaz canal). The river slowly meanders into and through the bog, widening from 50 metres (55 yd) meters to almost 300 metres (330 yd). The marsh, consisting of several connected bogs, covers an area of 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi). During normal water levels, the bog is 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) deep on average, but it can get up to 10 metres (33 ft) deep. The marshland's altitude varies from 76 to 82 meters (250 to 270 ft). The entire biotype includes also the Batar stream and several other canal-tributaries to Zasavica, and consists of an ecological row of water and marsh systems with fragments of flooded meadows and forests. Through the Sava and Danube rivers, the Zasavica biotype belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin.