As with other parts of Lower Township, it is served by Lower Township School District for primary grades and Lower Cape May Regional School District for secondary grades.
David C. Douglass Memorial Elementary School is in Villas CDP. The other three elementary schools are in Cold Spring: Carl T. Mitnick (grades 1-2), Maud Abrams (grades 3-4), and Sandman Consolidated (grades 5-6). The LCMR schools (Richard Teitelman Middle and Lower Cape May Regional High School) are in the Erma area.
Students are also eligible to attend Cape May County Technical High School in Cape May Court House, which serves students from the entire county in its comprehensive and vocational programs, which are offered without charge to students who are county residents. Special needs students may be referred to Cape May County Special Services School District in the Cape May Court House area.


According to the Köppen climate classification system, Diamond Beach, New Jersey has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with hot, moderately humid summers, cool winters and year-around precipitation. Cfa climates are characterized by all months having an average mean temperature > 32.0 °F (> 0.0 °C), at least four months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (≥ 10.0 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 71.6 °F (≥ 22.0 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During the summer months in Diamond Beach, a cooling afternoon sea breeze is present on most days, but episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values ≥ 95 °F (≥ 35 °C). During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < 0 °F (< -18 °C). The plant hardiness zone at Diamond Beach is 7b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 6.8 °F (-14.0 °C). The average seasonal (Nov-Apr) snowfall total is between 12 and 18 inches (31 and 46 cm), and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity.


According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Diamond Beach, New Jersey would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Cordgrass (73) with a dominant vegetation form of Coastal Prairie (20).


Dian Al-Mahri Mosque, also known as Golden Dome Mosque (Masjid Kubah Emas), is a mosque built on the edge of Raya street, Depok City in West Java, Indonesia. In addition to being a place of worship for everyday Muslims, this mosque complex is also a tourist area for family and attracts many people because of its domes made of gold. Because of the vastness of area and accessibility to the public, this place is often a holiday destination for family or a place to take a rest.


The mosque was built by Hj. Dian Djuriah Maimun Al Rashid, a businesswoman from Banten, who has bought its land in 1996. The construction had begun in 2001 and finished around the end of 2006. The mosque was inaugurated to the public on December 31, 2006, coinciding with the second Eid al-Adha of the year. With an area of 50 hectares, the building occupies an area of 60 x 120 meters or about 8000 square meters. The mosque itself can accommodate around 20,000 worshipers. The area of the mosque with the size of 50,000 m² is often referred as one of the largest in Southeast Asia.


The mosque has three domes, one main dome and two small domes. The entire dome is coated with gold as thick as two to three millimeters and decorated with crystal mosaics, making it the most unique feature of the mosque. Shape of the main dome resembles the dome of Taj Mahal in India. The dome has a bottom diameter of 16 meters, a diameter of 20 meters, and a height of 25 meters. While other smaller domes have a diameter of under 6 meters, middle 7 meters, and height 8 meters.
As for the interior, there are chandeliers imported directly from Italy weighing 8 tons inside the mosque. In addition, the ornate relief above the imam's residence is made of 18 carat gold. The fence on the second floor as well as the ceiling of the mosque have decorative calligraphy. As for material of the crown pillars of the mosque, it amounts to 168 pieces of layered gold residue. The prayer hall is painted in monochrome color scheme with the main element of cream, in order to give its mood a quiet and warm feeling. The material is made of marble imported from Turkey and Italy.

In general, its architectural style follows the design from the Middle East with features like domes, minarets, Obelisk, and the use of decorative detail or decoration with geometric patterns, in order to reinforce the Islamic character of its architecture. Another feature is the entrance gateway portal and geometric decoration and obelisk as its ornament.

The inner courtyard measures 45 x 57 meters and is able to accommodate 8,000 worshipers. Six minarets are hexagonal, symbolizing the pillars of faith, towering as high as 40 meters. The six towers were clad in a gray granite stone imported from Italy with a circular ornament. At its peak is a 24 carat gold-plated mosaic dome. Shape of the domes on the minaret resembles Persian and Indian style. Five domes represent the Islamic pillars, all of which are wrapped in 24 karat gold-plated mosaics whose material is imported from Italy.


Between the 1930s and 1960s, the capital authorities carried out different beautification projects of the capital, Mexican that would involve the placement of various monuments and monumental fountains in the public space in tune with the mural movement and with the aesthetic influence of socialist realism.
The then president of Mexico Manuel Ávila Camacho, through the regent of the Federal District, Javier Rojo Gómez commissioned the duo formed by the architect Vicente Mendiola and the sculptor Juan Olaguíbel that would jointly carry out other similar projects as the source of the Plaza California in Colonia del Valle and the Oil Fountain the construction of a fountain for the roundabout that was located in Paseo de la Reforma
near the entrance to the Chapultepec Forest. The topic chosen by the commission agents was Diana's the Roman goddess of the hunt. Artemis in Greek mythology, but in this source, that goddess instead of hunting animals would now arrow the stars of the northern skies. The elaboration of The Arrow of the Northern Stars, which has an approximate weight of two tons. It happened between April and September 1942 a workshop of the World Workers Street.


The Dietrichstein tomb is a tomb of the Dietrichstein family, located in Mikulov, South Moravia. It is protected as a cultural monument of the Czech Republic. The structure was built as a copy of the Holy House of Loreto, and later the Church of St. Anne was added to the chapel.
The building contains a courtyard, grave chapel, two aisles with coffins and stairs in the south tower.


In 1623, under license from the Pope, construction began on the chapel for the nearby Capuchin Monastery, established by Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein in 1611. The sculpture of Black Madonna was placed into the chapel. Above the chapel a church consecrated to St. Anne was built by the Cardinal's successor Maximilian Dietrichstein, completed in 1656. The Dietrichsteins have been buried under the Loreto Church since the late 17th century.
The construction of the Loreto Church was carried out according to plans by Giovanni Giacomo Tencalla, the Italian architect who constructed the chateaus in Lednice and Valtice for the Liechtensteins. The stucco decoration in the former presbytery and in Náchod chapel is the work of his brother Giovanni Tencalla.
The stone facade dates from 1700. The original single-tower facade was reconstructed by Leopold Dietrichstein. It was designed by Viennese architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in a Roman monumental Baroque style.
The building next to St. Anne΄s, joined at a right angle, was built in 1652 as a sacristy for the church and the jewellery belonging to the Loreta’s Madonna. The treasury consisted of the Madonna’s wardrobe and gold jewels. Opposite the sacristy were three Canonical houses for the canons who looked after the church. The Náchod chapel belonged to the Moravian Baron Family from Náchod who owned the estate near Mikulov. The cupola of this chapel, also in the Roman Baroque style, is all that remains of its original appearance.
On 14 September 1784 a highly destructive fire broke out in the vicinity of the Loreto Church. The entire northern part of the square burnt down, together with the Loreto Church and the Capuchin Monastery. The monastery was never rebuilt, and the Loreta Church remained a ruin until 1745. The coffins, the sculpture of Black Madonna and the Loreta treasury were salvaged and removed to the Church of St. Wenceslas in Mikulov. Later the contents of the treasury were sold at auction.
The ruin of the Loreto Church was rebuilt by Franz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, in 1846 as the Dietrichstein tomb, according to plans by Austrian architect Heinrich Koch. The collapsed vault of the nave was not rebuilt, and its area became a courtyard. In the middle of the courtyard there is a sculpture of Franz Joseph by Emanuel Max, from 1859. The former presbytery became a funeral chapel with the Empire facade.
45 members of the Dietrichstein family are buried in the tomb.


The Distillery District is a commercial and residential district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, east of downtown, which contains numerous cafés, restaurants, and shops housed within heritage buildings of the former Gooderham and Worts Distillery. The 13 acres (5.3 ha) district comprises more than forty heritage buildings and ten streets, and is the largest collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America.
The district was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1988.


The Gooderham and Worts Distillery was founded in 1832. Once providing over 2 million US gallons (7,600,000 L) of whisky, mostly for export on the world market, the company was bought out in later years by rival Hiram Walker Co., another large Canadian distiller. Its location on the side of the Canadian National Railway mainline and its proximity to the mouth of the original route of the Don River outlet into Lake Ontario created a hard edge which separated the district from neighbouring communities. These did, however, allow for a facilitated transport connection to the rest of Canada and the world and acted as Toronto's domination as an industrial centre or transshipping hub.
With the deindustrialization of the surrounding area in the late 20th century, and the winding-down of the distillery operations, the district was left increasingly derelict. Surrounding industrial and commercial buildings and structures were often demolished, leaving the former distillery surrounded primarily by empty lots. Nonetheless, the closing of the remaining distillery operations in 1990 created redevelopment and investment opportunities for a district that contained the largest and best preserved collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America. The Distillery District was designated as a National Historic Site, and has been protected under the Ontario Heritage Act since 1976. It was listed by National Geographic magazine as a "top pick" in Canada for travellers.
The economic recession of the early 1990s, however, and the resulting crash in residential condominium prices and office lease rates in downtown Toronto, delayed efforts to revitalize the district. Nonetheless, two residential condominium buildings were constructed on the periphery of the district during the late 1990s.
While the site awaited redevelopment and reinvestment, the district's ambiance began to attract numerous film shoots. Since 1990, the site has served as a location for over 800 film and television productions.


In 2001, the site was purchased by Cityscape Holdings Inc., which transformed the district into a pedestrian-orientated area.  Work was completed and the district reopened to the public by 2003. The new owners refused to lease any of the retail and restaurant space to chains or franchises, and accordingly, the majority of the buildings are occupied with boutiques, art galleries, restaurants, jewellery stores, cafés, and coffeehouses, including a well-known microbrewery, the Mill Street Brewery. The upper floors of a number of buildings have been leased to artists as studio spaces and to office tenants with a "creative focus". A new theatre, the Young Centre for the Performing Arts, has opened on the site and serves as the home of the Soulpepper Theatre Company and the George Brown Theatre School. There are plans to develop residential condominiums, offices, and more retail space on the vacant lands that surround the district.
New condominium developments will be located at the south-east corner of the neighbourhood, bordering on Cherry Street and Tank House Lane.
The Pan American Games' Athletes' Village was built in the area in 2015, in conjunction with an extension to the streetcar network constructed along Cherry Street. After the games, the athletes village was converted to townhouses, condos, affordable housing, and retail space.


The Toronto Christmas Market has been an annual outdoor tradition run within the Distillery District since 2010. The market includes "Santa's house", an Indigo pop-up shop, pet photos with Santa, a Ferris wheel and themed entertainment each day. There are food vendors and dining locations that are popular tourist attractions.
The 2020 edition of the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto. The event returned for its 2021 edition from November 19 to December 31 2021 under the new moniker "The Distillery Winter Village".


The Distillery District's traditional brick-paved streets and lanes are restricted to pedestrians and cyclists, with general motor vehicle traffic restricted to streets and parking areas outside of the district's historic centre. Several large sculptures installed along the lanes enliven its streetscapes, three being on Distillery Lane and the final one at the parking area at the end of Trinity Street. Another primary landmark is the chimney stack atop the Boiler House complex. There are informal public spaces on the pedestrianized streets with chairs and tables for general use, as well as formal patios for some of its coffee houses and restaurants.
Trinity Street is the widest street in the district and often functions as a public square for events such as market days. The main thoroughfares within the district are Distillery Lane from Parliament Street running southeast to Trinity Street, Trinity Street from Mill Street at its north end to the motor vehicle parking area at its south end, and Tank House Lane from Trinity Street east to Cherry Street. The four borders of the Distillery District are Parliament Street to the west, Mill Street to the north, Cherry Street to the east, and the parking area to the south with the condominiums along Distillery Lane forming hard edges to pedestrians.
The Distillery District can be reached via the Toronto Transit Commission's 121 Fort York-Esplanade bus route, and since June 2016 the 514 Cherry streetcar line has its eastern terminus at the Distillery Loop to the east of the historic district, providing service along King Street through the downtown core as far west as Dufferin Gate Loop in Liberty Village.
The surrounding lands are animated with a mix of uses: residential areas at Parliament and Distillery and at the eastern end of Mill Street up to Cherry, restaurants along Trinity Street, Tank House Lane, Brewery Lane, and Case Goods Lane, and education uses at the eastern end of Tank House Lane.


Toronto's Official Plan designates the Distillery District as a mixed-use land parcel, which is an area that includes a combination of land uses such as commercial, residential, entertainment facilities and art galleries. In order to provide additional details regarding the breakdown of the types of mixed uses in the area, the King-Parliament Secondary Plan is used to determine the locations of the commercial, residential, and other land uses.
In addition, the plan also outlines design guidelines and places emphasis on enhancing the existing historical buildings. The plan divides the 13-acre area into three different mixed-use designations. This includes the incorporation of a bike lane and private roadway where the current southern park lot is located. The remaining existing structures within the District all comply with the outlined land uses within the Secondary Plan.
In addition, the Ontario Heritage Act, 1990 is a governing document for the historical buildings that have been redeveloped on the site. Any amendments to this act must be proposed to the Conservation Review Board for approval. In particular, the Secondary Plan reinforces these notions by stating that any additions to existing buildings within mixed-use areas 2 and 3 "may be permitted only if it has been demonstrated that they respect the three-dimensional integrity of the heritage building and the quality and the character of both the historic building being added to and its relationship to adjacent historical buildings within the area". The Secondary Plan is important for guiding how development occurs within the area. It provides the course of action for what the future image of the Distillery should look like and ensures that development at a small scale (such as the 13-acre area of the Distillery) is compliant with plans outlined in the City's master plan (official plan) and is reflective of the province's Planning Act (1990), which sets out the ground rules for land use planning.
Various buildings on the site are protected under part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act since 1976. The property at 70 Mill Street is protected under a heritage easement since April 3, 1996.


The 2006 Census revealed that the population of the Distillery is largely composed of young adult to middle aged persons aged twenty to fifty-nine. Most households contain one to two persons and the area has a lack of single detached housing. The immigrant population of the area is largely made up of persons of European descent with the overwhelming majority of the population not being visible minorities. The occupation data for the neighbourhood shows that almost a fifth of the residents work in social science/education/government service/religion. Those with jobs in sales and service, business, and arts/ culture/ recreation and sports make up a total of 48% of the occupation categories with an even split of 16% to each job category.


Djurö is an island, a surrounding archipelago of some 30 islands, and a national park situated in Sweden's biggest lake, Vänern. Established in 1991, the national park has an area of 24 km² (9.3 sq mi), and includes all the islands of the archipelago.
The islands are presently uninhabited, but there is a hunting lodge and an unmanned lighthouse. Wildlife includes fallow deer and a great variety of birds including ospreys, hobby, oystercatchers and great black-backed gulls. The horizon of Djurö consists only of water, except in southern direction where Kinnekulle is visible.


The Dolgoch Falls (also known as the Dol-goch falls, or the Dol-gôch falls (English: Red Meadow falls)) are a series of three waterfalls near Tywyn in Gwynedd, North Wales. The falls are part of the Nant Dol-gôch stream, which flows into the Afon Fathew, and form a popular walk from the nearby Dolgoch station on the Talyllyn Railway.


The Dolly Sods Wilderness — originally simply Dolly Sods — is a U.S. Wilderness Area in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia, US, and is part of the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Dolly Sods is a rocky, high-altitude plateau with sweeping vistas and lifeforms normally found much farther north in Canada. To the north, the distinctive landscape of "the Sods" is characterized by stunted ("flagged") trees, wind-carved boulders, heath barrens, grassy meadows created in the last century by logging and fires, and sphagnum bogs that are much older. To the south, a dense cove forest occupies the branched canyon excavated by the North Fork of Red Creek.
The name derives from an 18th-century German homesteading family — the Dahles — and a local term for an open mountaintop meadow — a "sods".


Dolly Sods is the highest plateau east of the Mississippi River with altitudes ranging from 2,644 ft. (806 m) at the outlet of Red Creek to 4,123 ft. (1,257 m) at the top of the eastern edge mountain ridge on the Allegheny Front.  Much of the high plateau section lies at nearly 4,000 ft.(1,220 m) elevation. Prominent summits within the Wilderness are Coal Knob (3,766 ft (1,148 m)), Breathed Mountain (3,848 ft (1,173 m)), and Blackbird Knob (3,960 ft (1,210 m)). The highest point in the immediate area (just outside the Dolly Sods Wilderness area in the Roaring Plains West Wilderness) is Mount Porte Crayon (4,770 ft (1,450 m)).  The summit area around Mount Porte Crayon is the largest flat-topped plateau in Eastern North America containing 5.5 square miles (14.2 square kilometers) above 4,500 ft. (1,372 m) elevation.


Dolly Sods is on a ridge crest that forms part of the Eastern Continental Divide. Most of its area is drained by the North Fork of Red Creek, which is a tributary of the Dry Fork River. Via the Dry Fork, Black Fork, Cheat, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. South of Forest Service Route 19 is the adjoining Red Creek/Flatrock/Roaring Plains area, which is drained by the South Fork of Red Creek. Drainage on the east side of the ridge crest flows into the headwaters of the South Branch of the Potomac River, which is part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed.


The original Dolly Sods was a mountaintop meadow of about 650 acres (3 km²) at the southern end of Rohrbaugh Plains,  near the present Dolly Sods Picnic Area. The present-day Dolly Sods Wilderness (DSW) encompasses some 17,371 acres (70 km²) of U.S. Forest Service land and is itself only part of a larger 32,000-acre (129 km²) area now known as "Dolly Sods". The DSW is bordered by Forest Service Routes 75 and 19 on the east and south sides, respectively. (Since the early 1970s it has been common practice to include the Red Creek Plains, Flatrock Plains and Roaring Plains areas to the south as part of the greater Dolly Sods area. Formerly, the area encompassed by these three mountaintop flats — all south of FS Rt 19 — was known locally and collectively as Huckleberry Plain.)
To the northeast, DSW is bordered by the Bear Rocks Nature Preserve, owned by The Nature Conservancy. The surrounding area was recently added to the Wilderness and is known as Dolly Sods North (the High Sods). North of Dolly Sods North (and just outside the present DSW) is an area known as Dobbins Slashings — a sub-arctic bog forming the headwaters of Red Creek on Cabin Mountain. Dobbins Slashings has also been proposed for wilderness preservation. In the Canaan Valley to the west, the Wilderness is adjoined by the 16,000-acre (65 km²) Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge.
Almost all of DSW is in the southeast corner of Tucker County with only very small sections extending into Randolph and Grant Counties.


There are some 47 miles (76 km) of hiking trails within the DSW (see below), many situated along the courses of abandoned railroad grades and old logging roads. The premier viewpoint within the Wilderness, affording a vista of the entire Red Creek drainage, is at a set of rocky crags known as Lion's Head Rock. It is reached by an almost three-mile climb from the nearest road. The last quarter mile is an eight-foot-wide bench (an old railroad grade) in the side of an otherwise steep slope. Like the cliffs constituting the eastern edge of the Sods at Rohrbaugh Plains, Lion's Head Rock consists of a mixture of sandstone and conglomerate. The Northland Loop Trail is a 0.3 mile interpretive trail just south of Red Creek Campground on FS Rt 75 which accesses Alder Run Bog a typical, and much studied, northern bog or southern muskeg.


The Dolly Sods area was first encountered by Europeans when Peter Jefferson, Thomas Lewis and others surveyed in 1746 to find the limits of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron's land grant from the British Crown. The famous Fairfax Line grazes the northern margin of the Wilderness near Bear Rocks. This area was generally avoided as too impenetrable to easily traverse until the late 19th century. David Hunter Strother wrote an early and somewhat breathless travelogue of the area, published in Harper's Monthly magazine in 1852:
In Randolph County, Virginia, is a tract of country containing from seven to nine hundred square miles, entirely uninhabited, and so savage and inaccessible that it has rarely been penetrated even by the most adventurous. The settlers on its borders speak of it with a sort of dread, and regard it as an ill-omened region, filled with bears, panthers, impassable laurel-brakes, and dangerous precipices. Stories are told of hunters having ventured too far, becoming entangled, and perishing in its intricate labyrinths. The desire of daring the unknown dangers of this mysterious region, stimulated a party of gentlemen . . . to undertake it in June, 1851. They did actually penetrate the country as far as the Falls of the Blackwater, and returned with marvelous accounts of its savage grandeur, and the quantities of game and fish to be found there.
The extensive high areas in Dolly Sods and Flatrock-Roaring Plains were once mostly covered by dense, ancient red spruce and eastern hemlock forest. The trees were 60 to 90 ft (18 to 27 m) tall and some measured at least 12 ft (3.7 m) in diameter. The greatest stand of red spruce in the world, in terms of size and quality, could be found along the upper Red Creek. The largest recorded tree ever cut in West Virginia was a white oak, harvested in this region. Nearly as large as a Giant Sequoia, it was probably well over 1,000 years old and measured 13 feet (4 m) in diameter at a height of 16 feet (5 m), and 10 feet (3 m) in diameter 31 feet (9.4 m) above the base. We will probably never know how large the biggest trees in West Virginia were because most cuttings were not documented. Centuries of accumulated needles from these trees created a blanket of humus (soil) seven to nine feet deep.
The name Dolly Sods derives from the family name of Johann Dahle (1749–1847), a German immigrant who settled nearby. Such early settlers utilized the natural open fields on mountainsides known as "sods". Logged out and burned over areas produced additional good grass cover for grazing sheep and cattle. (Repeated burning, however, killed the grass and left only bracken fern, which was useless as fodder.) Locals changed the spelling of Dahle to "Dolly" and thus one such area became known as Dolly Sods. The Dahle family eventually moved on, leaving behind only the Americanized version of their name.
Local historian Hu Maxwell described the Dolly Sods area in the Wheeling Intelligencer in 1886: "The top of the mountain is flat, except here and there rugged ridges and huge promontories of rocks rising above the level of the plains, and giving the scene an appearance of distance and mystery that must be witnessed before it can be understood".


The area surrounding Dolly Sods was formerly described as the best spruce-hemlock-black cherry forest in the world, with some enormous trees up to 12 feet in diameter. The huge spruce and hemlock became accessible in 1884 when the West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh Railroad, a predecessor of the Western Maryland Railway, first arrived at nearby Davis, from a junction with the B&O Railroad at Piedmont. In 1899, the Parsons Pulp and Lumber Company (PPLC) established a sawmill at Dobbin on the North Branch Potomac River in Grant County. In 1902, the PPLC installed a new band saw mill on the main stem of Red Creek. The lumber boom town of Laneville soon sprang up around it with a population that peaked at over 300 people.Shay locomotives climbed the temporary railroads into the mountains and backcountry logging camps sprang up throughout the Sods, clearing away the virgin forest to feed the hungry mills. Teams of draft horses dragged all the commercial timber to the nearest tracks. When the timber was exhausted in the sector around one camp, the rails were taken up and reused elsewhere. It was into the mill at Laneville that most of the timber of the southern two thirds of the Sods disappeared.
Unfortunately, however, the humus covering the ground dried up when the protective tree cover was removed. Sparks from the locomotives, saw mills and logger's warming fires easily ignited this humus layer and the extensive slash  — wood too small to be marketable, such as branches and tree crowns — left behind by loggers. Fires repeatedly ravaged the area in the 1910s, scorching everything right down to the underlying rocks. All insects, worms, salamanders, mice and other burrowing forms of life perished and the area became a desert. The destruction was extraordinary. The complete clearcut of this ecologically fragile area, followed by extensive wildfires and overgrazing, exacerbated by the ecological stresses of the elevation, have prevented quick regeneration of the forest which has taken decades to recover. The Monongahela National Forest was created in 1915, largely motivated by a desire to mitigate the sort of wholesale destruction that had swept over the Sods. In 1916 most of Dolly Sods was purchased by the federal government for the MNF from the Bridges Estate. Mineral rights remained in private ownership.
The Laneville mill closed in 1920 after almost all the timber had been cut and the local population dwindled. The last timber was felled in the Dolly Sods area in 1924. A particularly ferocious fire raged in late July 1930 in the northernmost Red Creek and southernmost Stony River watersheds (along the Grant/Tucker County line). This conflagration — known as the Dobbin Slashings Fire — consumed 24,800 acres (100 km²) and killed many trees left alone as non-commercial by the loggers. An eerie landscape persisted here for years, with the stumps of these trees perched high upon jumbles of boulders.
In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps made some modest attempts to remediate the damage to Dolly Sods by re-planting stands of red spruce there.


In 1943 and '44, as part of the West Virginia Maneuver Area, the U.S. Army used the area as a practice artillery and mortar range and maneuver area before troops were sent to Europe to fight in World War II; with Cabin Mountain and Blackbird Knob serving as designated targets.
In 1997, a work crew extensively surveyed trail locations and known campsites for shells. Workers made 32,594 excavations along the trails and discovered and detonated 14 live mortar shells, most along the Fisher Spring Run Trail. All were exploded on site. Two others were inert. They also found numerous railroad spikes, iron tools and horseshoes left over from logging days. Off-trail searches proved to be impossible, so some of the artillery and mortar shells (60 mm and 81 mm rounds) shot into the area likely still remain there. (See this link for a photo of two shells found in July 2006.)


Dolly Sods became popular with recreationalists and conservationists in the mid-1960s at which time political agitation began to set it aside as a preserve. Local farmers also ceased allowing their livestock to graze here at this time.
Nevertheless, the area was threatened by at least four potential developments:
sub-divisions for summer homes on Cabin Mountain,
as a route for a proposed federal expressway (Corridor H) linking Washington, DC with the highlands,
strip-mining of as many as six coal seams, which was already occurring within 3.5 miles of the Sods in the north and
flooding by a huge reservoir as part of the proposed Davis Power Project just to the west.
An ad hoc committee of stakeholders was convened by the MNF in Spring 1969. It advised that a scenic or botanical area should be set aside in the North Fork Red Creek area. In October 1970, the Forest superintendent announced the creation of 10,200-acre (41 km²) "Dolly Sods Scenic Area".
The Nature Conservancy played a major role in preserving the area. By 1972, it had purchased the coal rights under the future federal wilderness (15,558 acres (63 km²) of the Sods and Roaring Plains, itself now a designated Wilderness) for $15 million. Dolly Sods finally became a federally designated wilderness area in 1975 which resulted in greatly increased numbers of visitors. The area had only an estimated 500 visitors in 1965; by 1997 there were 7,499 registered (and many more unregistered) users annually.
In the 1970s and '80s, it was not possible to propose Dolly Sods North for wilderness classification as it was all privately owned — by the Western Maryland Railway Company and the Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO) — and was largely outside the Proclamation Boundary of the MNF. Public acquisition could not go forward as the companies long refused to consider selling. In 1993, however, the Nature Conservancy paid another $6 million to acquire 6,168 acres (25 km²) in Dolly Sods North (of the total of 7,215 acres (29 km²)) from the then-owner, the Texas-based Quintana Corporation. This land was then donated to the Forest Service. Most recently, the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 added 7,156 acres (29 km²) of Dolly Sods North to the original 10,215 acres (41 km²) of the Wilderness to make the present total of 17,371 acres (70 km²).


The climate of Dolly Sods is classified as humid continental, similar to portions of Canada.  Daily weather can vary greatly with large extremes in temperature occurring dangerously fast.  Fog can form/roll in extremely quickly, dropping visibility to dangerous, disorienting near-zero conditions.  Access roads can quickly become blocked by dense fog, downed trees from high wind, and snow/snow drifts.
Summers are cool and wet. At 4,000 feet (1,220 m), the average afternoon maximum is around 70 °F (21 °C) and the average morning minimum is in the 50s (10-15 °C).  Thunderstorms are frequent during the warmer months.  Frosts and freezes can occur any month of the year.  Winters are typically cold, windy, and snowy.  Minimum temperatures can drop to -30 °F (-34 °C).  The average seasonal snowfall is estimated to be around 150 inches (381 cm).  In exceptionally snowy winters, large drifts of up to 20 ft (7 m) can form, lasting in sheltered locations into May. Due to high elevation, frequently located at cloud level, spectacular rime ice is frequently seen totally coating the forest in pure white.
Despite the overall vigorous winter, the relative southern location (39th North parallel) allows for occasional intrusions of warmer, well above freezing air from the Gulf of Mexico.  Thus, rain can occur during even the coldest winter months. During one of the snowiest winters in history (2009–10), about 275 inches (700 cm) of snow is estimated to have fallen above 4,000 feet (1,220 m).
This section of the Allegheny Front is one of the windiest spots east of the Mississippi.  The effect of these winds can be seen in the flag-form red spruce trees; their branches grow mostly on one side (east), away from the prevailing west winds. Because of the drying influence of the winds, stunted branches are produced on the west side of the tree above the protective shrub layer. Stunted branches on the east side give the trees a twisted appearance. Where spruce are protected by a shrub layer, luxuriant webs of branches extend for a radius of a dozen feet, giving a mat-like look to vegetation.


Dolly Sods is well known for its open expanses of sphagnum bog, heath shrubs and scattered and stunted red spruce — all creating impressions of areas much farther north. Many plant communities are indeed similar to those of sea-level eastern Canada. But the ecosystems within the Sods are remarkably varied. In recent decades, the many stages of ecologic succession throughout the Sods have made the region one of enduring interest to botanists.


The extensive views across the tundra-like windswept open meadows in the northern section of Dolly Sods are reminiscent of Alaskan landscapes. "Heath barrens" is a botanical term, but the traditional local name for these unusual expanses was "huckleberry plains". These upper reaches have been extensively colonized by various Ericaceae (heaths): blueberry and cranberry (Vaccinium), huckleberry (Gaylussacia), rose azalea (Rhododendron prinophyllum) and rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), teaberry (or wintergreen, Gaultheria), and Allegheny menziesia (Menziesia pilosa). Members of Rosaceae (the rose family) also abound: chokeberry, mountain ash, serviceberry, and pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica). Boulder fields left by the denuding topsoil fires of 80 years ago are extensive here.


These spruce-edged sphagnum bogs are found in the upper sections of Red Creek and its tributaries, often in association with thickets of speckled alder. There are similar areas throughout the High Alleghenies, most famously the Cranberry Glades. The largest one at Dolly Sods is about a mile long and half a mile wide. The thick carpet of sphagnum moss and the polytrichum moss hummocks also sustain cotton grass, round leaf sundew and the lichen known as reindeer moss. In addition to the spruce, the bog margins are frequented by ferns, sedges and the occasional balsam fir. The three-toothed cinquefoil (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata) is often abundant and orchids — for example the pink lady's slipper — are sometimes seen.


The more southerly section of the Dolly Sods Wilderness includes maturing spruce copses, rhododendron thickets, northern hardwoods on the ridges and cove hardwoods in the deep tributaries of Red Creek. All of the original old-growth forest was removed a century ago, followed by fires that burned, then smoldered, for months. Much of the deep topsoil was lost forever. Today, there are patches of recovering native red spruce forest plus twisted yellow birch, sugar and red maple, eastern hemlock, and black cherry. American beech, pine and hickory can also be found. The wild onion known as the ramp (Allium tricoccum) is also present in the deeper forests.


The larger megafauna which once inhabited the High Alleghenies — elk, bison, mountain lion — were all exterminated during the 19th century. They survived longer in this area, however, than in other parts of the eastern United States. Because of the high altitude the climate is cool and some animals are more similar to ones found about 1,600 miles (2,600 km) farther north in Canada. Many species found here are near their southernmost range. For example, the snowshoe hare found in Dolly Sods is usually found in Canada and Alaska and is adapted to snow conditions, with its large, hairy feet which allow it to run on the snow surface.
Beaver — which were restored to the state after a period of extirpation — continually create and refurbish their beaver ponds in these high elevation watersheds. Other animals that may be encountered include red and gray foxes, bobcats, black bears, groundhog, timber rattlers, wild turkey, and grouse. White-tailed deer, also once eliminated from the region, were reintroduced in the 1930s and are now abundant. Currently, the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources is considering an elk restoration program in Dolly Sods and other areas.
The Cheat Mountain salamander, listed since 1989 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as threatened, is also present.


Camping is allowed in Dolly Sods, but visitors are cautioned to "leave no trace". All off-road motorized vehicles and any cutting of live vegetation or camping near roads (aside from Red Creek Campground) are forbidden. Hunting and fishing within state law are permitted. Dolly Sods is particularly popular during mid-summer with people who go there to pick blueberries and huckleberries. From May through late June, extensive and spectacular displays of mountain laurel in flower may be viewed.  Due to severe winter weather, FS Rt 75, flanking the eastern side of Dolly Sods, is typically closed to vehicles from January 1 to April 15.
There is an extensive network of hiking trails in the Wilderness totalling 47 miles. Some follow old logging railroad grades, and occasionally you see some remnants of railroad ties and metal equipment. Because USGS and USFS maps of the trails have been inaccurate, a 2004 mapping site provides good maps based on GPS data. Trails include:
Dolly Sods
Wildlife Trail
Rohrbaugh Plains Trail
Red Creek Trail
Fisher Spring Run Trail
Big Stonecoal Trail
Little Stonecoal Trail
Dunkebarger Trail
Rocky Ridge Trail
Breathed Mountain Trail
Dolly Sods North
Beaver View Trail
Blackbird Knob Trail
Bear Rocks Trail
Raven Ridge Trail
Dobbin Grade Trail
Upper Red Creek Trail
Flatrock-Roaring Plains
South Prong Trail
Boars Nest Trail
Roaring Plains Trail
Flatrock Run Trail
The Spruce Knob-Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area is adjacent to Dolly Sods-Flatrock-Roaring Plains on the east and the south.


Brooks, Maurice, "Remarkable Dolly Sods" (1969–70), Outdoor West Virginia [Title changed to Wonderful West Virginia, 1970]; Nov 1969, pp 10–13; Jan 1970, pp 10–13; Feb 1970, pp 10–13.
Hall, George A. (1985), "The Birds of the Dolly Sods Area Sortie, 1984", The Redstart, Wheeling, West Virginia, October issue.
Hutton, Eugene E. (1988), "Periglacial Features of Dolly Sods,", The Redstart, Wheeling, West Virginia, July issue.
Hutton, Eugene E. (1985), "Plant Description of Dolly Sods,", The Redstart, Wheeling, West Virginia, October issue.
Keating, Steve (2010), A Dolly Sods North - Blackwater Companion: A Guide to Hiking Through the History, Geology and Ecology of the Region; Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing.
O'Neil, L. Peat (1998), "Wonder in the Tundra. W. Va.'s Dolly Sods is a wilderness worth a look",  The Washington Post, September 16, p D-9.
Pyle, Ann H. (1985), "Ferns and Fern Allies at Dolly Sods,", The Redstart, Wheeling, West Virginia, October issue.
Venable, Norma Jean (1996), Dolly Sods, West Virginia Renewable Resources Unique Areas Series 813, West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, West Virginia.
U.S. Forest Service (1988), Dolly Sods Wilderness and Surrounding Area, pamphlet.


The Dome Cinema, Worthing, West Sussex, England, is a grade II* listed building owned by PDJ Cinemas Ltd. The Dome Cinema, which has three screens and a Projectionist's Bar is run by PDJ Cinemas, while Alfresco Services run two function rooms and the cafe at the front of the building. It has closed for refurbishment several times, most recently between December 2005 and July 2007. The name derives from the distinctive dome on top of a three-storey tower over the entrance.
The Dome is an Edwardian building and one of the oldest working cinemas in England, and was opened in 1911 (Brighton's Duke of York's Picture House was opened in 1910). It was opened by Swiss impresario Carl Adolf Seebold. It was originally named The Kursaal — a German word translating as "cure hall". The Kursaal was used as a health centre and entertainment complex by visitors to the seaside town. At the time it contained the Coronation Hall, which was used for roller skating, exhibitions, concerts and events, and the Electric Theatre, the first cinema run for paying audiences in West Sussex.
Following the outbreak of World War I leading residents of the town objected to the German name and after a competition with a prize of £1, the Cinema was renamed "The Dome".


Carl Adolf Seebold moved to Worthing in 1904, from Southend where his family had lived for several years. Seebold acquired the site of the future Dome in 1906.
Seebold began construction of the Kursaal in 1910, after he hired Theophilus Arthur Allen as architect for the sum of £4000. Similar businesses enterprises that functioned as both health spas and entertainment complexes existed on the Continent that were also named Kursaal and Seebold, originally Swiss, was presumably aware of these and used them as a road map for his enterprise.
Seebold's Kursaal opened in 1911. At this time the site retained the extensive gardens of the previous site. Seebold's additions were the Coronation Hall, a skating rink and the Electric Theatre, which displayed short, silent cartoons. The following year Seebold added an awning to cover the garden for all weather use.
The films Seebold showed in the Electric Theatre were sufficiently profitable that he converted the Coronation Hall so that it could serve as a second cinema screen in 1913.


World War I broke out on 28 July 1914 and after casualties began to mount the residents became increasingly anti-German. To save his successful business, Seebold held a competition in 1915 for a new name. The grand prize was £1.00. In a retrospective published by The Argus (Brighton) on 4 September 2003 it is stated:
The £1 prize was divided among the first four people to write in: Miss Mary Summers, of Church Walk; Mr W Tedder, of Lyndhurst Road; Miss F C Philpott, of York Road, and Thomas Chandler, of London Street.
— The Argus


It was not until long after World War I had drawn to a close in 1918 that the Dome was converted into a proper, full-time cinema. Seebold had arranged for a raked floor to be added to the Coronation Hall as a temporary measure in 1914 but it was not until 1921 that the change was made permanent when the Dome was re-modelled by architect R. Kirksby  for a sum of £8000. This area was to remain in continuous use as a cinema until the Dome was closed for refurbishment on 5 January 1999.
During the remodelling carried out by Mr Kirksby a plaster ceiling was added to the main theatre, along with a large, wood-panelled foyer and a polygonal ticket booth that remained in the building as of 2004. It was also at this time that the Electric Theatre was converted into a ballroom.
For some years the Dome had been the centre of a controversy in that Seebold showed films on Sunday, which was considered a violation of the Sabbath. Local clergymen and town councillors had been attempting to stop this practice for some time, but Magistrates upheld Seebold's application to carry on.


It was during the 1920s that the Dome saw competition in the form of the Picturedrome, which is today known as the Connaught Theatre, Worthing. Seebold retaliated to his rival by opening the Rivoli cinema in 1924. By 1926 he owned the Picturedrome.
Seebold continued to enjoy a monopoly in the area until more cinemas opened in the 1930s. The Plaza opened in 1933 and the Odeon in 1934. In the days before television, cinema was extremely popular and the town could sustain five theatres.


The Dome carried on, albeit in reduced circumstances, with essentially few changes until fear of German invasion in World War II caused it to briefly close. It reopened under a strict curfew and continued business, though not without incident.
A resident of Worthing recalled the following case of enemy action for a BBC history project.
I was 14 and allowed to start work. I started working as a projectionist in the cinema, as a rewind boy, like an apprentice projectionist. I was working in the Dome Cinema, right on the sea front at Worthing. On the sea front there were anti aircraft guns manned by male soldiers. Also there were ATS women that worked the telescope. It was a long horizontal one. You looked into the middle of it and could see any aircraft that was coming in. If the gunners couldn't see the planes then the ATS used to direct them.
Also I used to fire watch. I wasn't on watch every night, about every 3rd night. I was on watch one night and a bomb was dropped but it didn't explode. It went underground and partly under the cinema. Everywhere was quickly evacuated. The bomb disposal people had a job getting down to it because Worthing beach is all shingles and every time they dug down it just filled back in. They had a hell of a job shoring it up, it took them a good 2 weeks to get to the bomb and at any time it may have gone off! I didn't get 2 weeks off work though. The owner had another cinema up in the town and I went to work there.
This story was submitted to the People's War site by Jacci Phillips of the CSV Action Desk at BBC Hereford and Worcester on behalf of Fred Stamp and has been added to the site with his permission. The author fully understands the site's terms and conditions.
— BBC history project


After the end of World War II the Dome went into a steady decline due to heavy competition. In 1949 Seebold restructured his company and remarried. He continued to run the new business, The Rivoli and Dome Ltd, until his death in 1951.
By 1955 the Dome was badly out of date and required a refit. The new owners hired architects Goldsmith and Pennells to install a new cinemascope screen. Although the rise of television and sharing the area with four other cinemas must have added financial pressure, the Dome survived to see its sister cinema, The Rivoli, burn down in 1960. One of the Dome's competitors, The Plaza, closed down in 1968.
At some point the Picturedrome had changed its name to the Connaught and served chiefly as a theatre for live performances, a role it continues today, so the Dome and the Odeon were the only full-time cinemas in Worthing by this point.
The Odeon was a multi-screen cinema and was considerably larger and more modern than either the Dome or the Connaught. It seemed inevitable that the Dome would fade into history.


In 1969 Worthing Borough Council purchased the Dome as part of a much larger redevelopment scheme. Their intention was to rebuild most of the east half of Worthing town centre, starting with the north. The redevelopment scheme itself dated back to the 1940s and 1950s.
Worthing's original town hall and the Georgian Royal Theatre were amongst the buildings torn down in the first phase of this project, which cleared the way for the construction of the Guildbourne Centre.
Unfortunately for the council's plans, the Guildbourne Centre was poorly received and its design heavily criticised. The redevelopment scheme apparently stalled shortly thereafter, leaving the Dome cinema in the hands of the borough council that had declared the intention to demolish it.
The cinema remained open during this time, however, with the original building split into three parts and leased to three separate business people on a short-term basis.
Garrick House Ltd, a company based in Crewe which ran two other cinemas and one theatre elsewhere in Sussex, leased the Dome cinema itself and continued operating it. Unfortunately the terms of the lease permitted by the council made any long-term investment in the cinema unappealing. With no-one protecting the Dome's long term interests, the cinema went into decline.
Unexpectedly, the Dome's larger, more modern rival shut down first. In 1987 the Odeon was forced to close. 25 years previously, when cinema was going through hard times, Odeon had sold a number of their cinemas on a "lease back" deal. Ironically, although the Worthing Odeon was now financially viable, the freehold owners could make more money in redeveloping the site. A fierce campaign ensued, which resulted in the Odeon being listed. However, the council managed to get the listing removed, so that the demolition for redevelopment could go ahead. During this time, a sewerage leak into the main auditorium didn't help the cause. At the time, the Connaught Theatre had been closed by the council, and Odeon looked into purchasing this as an alternative, but decided the venue was not big enough. In the end, the council themselves refurbished and reopened the Connaught, after a vigorous campaign to save the venue. The Dome was suddenly the only purpose build cinema in town again, just as it had been when it started.
The Dome also received some welcome publicity in 1987 when Director David Leland decided to use the cinema as a location in his film Wish You Were Here, starring Emily Lloyd and Tom Bell.
In 1988 a structural survey commissioned by the council estimated that the Dome required £1,900,000 worth of repairs and the borough council's long dormant redevelopment scheme seemed to be underway again. However, the situation had greatly changed since the council's redevelopment plans had been redrawn at the end of the 1970s. When redevelopment had first been suggested after World War II the Dome was forty years old. By the time of the survey it was seventy-seven years old and, in the eyes of local people, the concept of redeveloping the town centre had been discredited by the unpopular Guildbourne Centre project. Additionally the fact that the Connaught was primarily a theatre meant that pulling down the Dome would have left Worthing, a seaside resort with approximately 100,000 residents, without a cinema. These factors lead to a grass-roots campaign to save the Dome that ran through the rest of 1988 and much of 1989.
On 27 April 1989 the borough council approved the plans of Burton Property Trust to redevelop the town centre. The Dome was one of many old buildings to be torn down, including some Grade II listed buildings. There was a public outcry at the developer's plans.
In spite of the widespread local opposition to the redevelopment, the council proceeded with their plans. In response, campaigners sent an application to the Department of the Environment to have the Dome registered as a listed building. This application was successful and the Dome became a grade II listed building on 31 May 1989.
The campaign against redevelopment continued, with stories appearing in the national press and at least one European newspaper, until Burton Property Trust announced it was withdrawing from the scheme in September 1989.


With the departure of Burton Property Trust from the situation, the question of what would happen to the Dome was again open. Several proposals were put forward but ran into planning difficulties, including some that were intended to help improve the cinema by overhauling the front and interior of the building.
Between 1989 and 1991 there were a series of planning battles between the council and conservationists, which ended when a government inspector overturned a council decision that applications to develop the area around the Dome on a piece by piece basis were premature.
On 10 March 1991 the Dome played host to the AGM of the Cinema Theatre Association. Then, in May of that year, local council elections were held resulting in the election of Ian Stuart, a former joint chairman of the Save the Dome Campaign. That month a council planning officer stated that there was no longer any intention of demolishing the Dome. Later in 1991 the Dome Preservation Trust was established to look after the long term interests of the building.
The following year trouble struck. Garrick House Ltd, the operator of the cinema, was subjected to a winding up order by the High Court on 29 January 1992. Neville Russell, a Brighton based firm of chartered accountants, were appointed liquidators.
In February, the council put forward £110,000 towards building work that would keep the Dome watertight for the next five years. The Dome Preservation Trust was expected raise an equal amount so that the work could go ahead. At the same time, the liquidators installed Robins Cinemas as temporary managers of the Dome. Robins Cinemas operated a small chain of nine cinemas at the time and continued to run the cinema while a legal battle between the council and the liquidator over the rights to the leasehold of the Dome ran on until December 1992.
Control of the Dome was returned to the Borough Council on 25 March 1992. The council immediately closed the cinema over safety concerns, to the shock of local residents. Council officers estimated £100,000 would be needed to make safe the electrical wiring in the Dome, though Seeboard eventually carried out the work for £26,500, completing the work in May 1993.
Even though Robins Cinemas had been appointed to run the cinema by the liquidator, the borough council re-let the Dome to the cinema chain on a short-term lease. On 13 July 1993 the Dome held a charity showing of Jurassic Park to raise funds for the Dome Preservation Trust.
In 1994 urgent repairs were carried out the Dome tower itself at an eventual cost of £300,000 to the council. Some of the more ornate architectural features of the Dome had been removed in the 1950s and the Dome Preservation Trust ran a campaign to raise funds so that these features could be replaced. The campaign included the creation of a new group called "Friends of the Dome", of which Professor Anthony Field CBE was the president. The campaign eventually raised over £10,000.
Even after this extensive restoration, it was estimated that work costing a further £600,000 was needed and in 1995 Worthing Borough Council decided it was time to put the freehold of the cinema on the market. The Chapman Group put in a bid with the intention of turning the Dome into a nightclub, which the council approved. In February 1996 there was a public demonstration in front of the town hall and on 4 March 1996 The Times newspaper  carried a page three article under the headline "Last Reel for Britain's longest running cinema" with the byline of Marcus Binney. The magazine Private Eye also carried an article about the Dome's situation.
The publicity seemed to attract other bidders for the Dome, amongst them Eugene Chaplin (the son of Charlie Chaplin) and an unnamed consortium. In spite of the competition Chapman's bid was successful. Then it was discovered that the then Department of National Heritage had upgraded the Dome's status from grade II listed to grade II*, a status only four other cinemas in Britain shared. The Electric Cinema in Portobello Road, the Scala Cinema in Ilkeston (now the Scala (club)), the Torbay Picture House in Paignton, and the Elite Cinema in Nottingham. The addition of the star to the grade II listing meant that any future application for building work had to be considered by the Secretary of State for National Heritage.
This may have been a factor in Chapman Group's decision to announce that it was pulling out of the redevelopment of the Dome in October 1996.
In November 1997 the borough council decided to put the Dome Cinema up for sale again. The Dome Preservation Trust renamed itself the Worthing Dome and Regeneration Trust at this time and began work on a bid to buy the Dome from the council. At this time the cost of renovating the Dome was estimated at £1,000,000.
In October 1998 with the Dome still on the market, a developer proposed building a nine screen multiplex cinema in Worthing on the site of the Teville Gate shopping centre. The trust continued with its own plans to buy the Dome and renovate it. Before the end of the year the bingo hall and the café that operated in the other two parts of the original Dome complex vacated the premises, allowing them to be reunited with the Dome itself.
By January 1999 there were four bids for the Dome Cinema. On 5 March 1999 the borough council accepted the bid from the Worthing Dome and Regeneration Trust on the condition that their applications for funding from English Heritage and the National Lottery were successful, but on 5 April 1999 the council closed the Dome for reasons of health and safety. After eighty-eight years the Dome was the longest continuously running cinema in United Kingdom and the only full-time cinema in Worthing.


The Heritage Lottery Fund approved the Worthing Dome and Regeneration Trust's application in early October. The story was carried in the local press and allowed the purchase of the freehold from the borough council to go ahead. On 9 November 1999 the trust paid the council a nominal fee of £10 and took possession of the cinema.
A grant of £20,000 was made to carry out preliminary work on the building, much of which was done by unpaid volunteers. This allowed the Dome Cinema to reopen on 17 December 1999 with a special showing of the 1957 film The Smallest Show on Earth, appropriately a comedy about the owner of a troubled small cinema. The reopening was covered by the local press.
The Heritage Lottery Fund was willing to put up £1,750,000 for the complete restoration of the Dome but only on the condition that the trust raised £500,000 itself first to demonstrate sufficient local interest to make the project worthwhile. The trust launched an appeal to raise the money. The appeal continued to run while the Dome Cinema was open for business but in September 2001 the local press reported that the completion date for the £2.5 million pound renovation had been put back by two years from 31 December 2003 to 31 December 2005. By February 2002 it was reported that the Worthing Dome and Regeneration Trust only needed to raise £250,000 to unlock the £2.5 million available from the Heritage Lottery Fund. However, on 27 November 2002 it was reported that the trust in fact needed £300,000 but had only managed to raise £75,000. The deadline for raising it had been extended from 31 December 2002 to 31 December 2004.
On 20 November 2002 the trust opened a second theatre in the area that had housed the original cinema screen when the Carl Seebold originally opened the Kursaal in 1911. In honour of the original Electric Theatre, the new theatre retains its name.
The Heritage Lottery Fund eventually released the money to the Worthing Dome and Regeneration Trust in October 2003.
The cinema continued to remain open while restoration work was carried out for as long as possible, continuing to show films throughout 2004. On 23 January 2005 Griffin, an independent film by a local director, premiered at the Dome in a gala night that was covered by the local press.
The cinema continued normal business until December 2005 when the major work of restoration began and the Dome was closed again. It reopened on 6 July 2007 after extensive building work.


Since the reopening in 2007, The Dome Cinema has continued to run as a successful, fully independent cinema (run entirely separately to the Worthing Borough Council owned Connaught Theatre). The projection ran on two 35mm Cinemeccanica projectors (a Victoria 8 in Screen 1 and a Victoria 5 in Screen 2) until October & November 2012, when both screens were converted to fully digital. Screen 1 now runs on a NEC 2000C, Screen 2 on a NEC 1200C and Screen 3 runs a Barco DP2K-6E. The last 35mm film played in Screen 1 was Looper, and the first digital film was Skyfall. The Victoria 8 Cinemeccanica projector from Screen 1 is now on display in their Projectionist's Bar.
In 2015, the video for the James Bond-themed song ‘Destiny’ recorded by Francon, featuring vocals by Keith Pemberton, was filmed using parts of the interior of the Dome Cinema, Worthing.
Before adding a third screen in 2018, the Dome was one of the busiest 2 screen cinemas in the country.
The cinema runs a range of different shows for the local area. Currently running are Weekend Morning Movies, Parent & Baby Screenings, Autistic Screenings, Disability Screenings, Midweek Matinees and subtitled screenings. They also run occasional live broadcasts.
The poem 'Seat M14' by Iain Cameron Williams published in his book The Empirical Observations of Algernon [vol. I], (June 2019), documents the writer's encounter with a ghostly (apparition) at the Dome Cinema, Worthing, in April 2018 while he was sitting in the seat next to seat M14 watching a movie.


The Domfelsen is a rock formation near Magdeburg Cathedral, part of which juts out into the River Elbe in Germany. The name means "Cathedral Rocks"


The Domfelsen consists mainly of sandstone with a small proportion of siltstone. The rock is part of the rotliegendes formation and thus dates to the Lower Permian period. This outcrop of bedrock may be viewed as a continuation of the Flechtingen Hills that, in the urban area of Magdeburg, is mostly covered by a thin layer of Quaternary depositions.


The rocks are of particular significance for river navigation on the Elbe and also for the river's ecosystem. The rocks, which are clearly visible on the west bank below the cathedral when water levels are low, affect local current conditions. Even during high water, ships can only pass down the river by sailing close to the eastern bank. Commercial shipping is not allowed to cross at this point; traffic is regulated remotely by a light system. The speed of the current in the Elbe is considerably higher at this point due to the narrowing of the river. Low-powered, motorised barges can therefore only make their way upstream here with the aid of a tug.
Historically the rocks were important because it was likely that a ford had been created here by the Elbe which could eventually have resulted in the settlement that led to the city of Magdeburg growing up on its present site.
The Domfelsen were chosen as the site of the cathedral because they made a firmer foundation than the surrounding land. Because the rocks in the river are only exposed at low water levels, which are associated with drought and poor harvest, they were also nicknamed the Hungerfelsen by the local population.
The Domfelsen is accessible on foot from the west bank at low water. A staircase built in summer 2007 improves access to the rocks considerably. On the landward side the remains of the Southern Railway Fortress Gate (Südliches Eisenbahnfestungstor) rise over the Domfelsen.


The authorities responsible for river navigation repeatedly put forward proposals to remove the rocks from the river in order to improve navigation for shipping. A citizens' initiative, Pro Elbe, is opposed to such attempts. Apart from fears of the impact on water levels in the floodplains, especially upriver, opponents criticize the removal of the rock which is seen as the first step of the ecologically controversial and unapproved expansion of the River Saale.
Fears that work on Domfelsen could affect the stability of the Magdeburg Cathedral, have not been confirmed by recent work.


WikiWeb_Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit_1

It is thought that a small (probably wooden) church stood here already in Gediminas' times. In ca. 1408 Vytautas built the church of the Holy Spirit that was later expanded. In 1501 Alexander Jagiellon gave it to the Dominican Monastery, the oldest in Lithuania. In  1679-88 it was expanded and reconstructed. The walls of the church survived from that period; the interior décor was created in 1749-70, the cupola was reconstructed in 1752-60. In 1844 tsarist authorities closed the monastery down and the church became parochial. Today it serves the Vilnius Polish community.
At the church, on Šv. Ignoto St., a Dominican monastery was established in 1501. Like many others, this monastery was converted into a prison by the tsarist authorities in 1807. It was a place for imprisonment for many Lithuanian patriots - the Philarets, participants in the 1831 and 1863 uprisings.


WikiWeb_Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit_2

The church stands sideways to the street and does not have a clearly designed main façade. Its height with the cupola is 51 m. The bottom part of the façade (with small twin towers) is covered over by monastery buildings. The exterior has features of high and late Baroque. Noted for playful rococo ornamentation, the interior of the church is one of the most valuable in Lithuania. It is heralded by the cartouches of the portal with coats of arms and fresco settings in the monastery-like corridor leading to the church. There are 16 altars in the church. The altars and the pulpit are lavishly decorated with round and relief sculptures and ornamentation. The church also has many Baroque frescoes; a multi-figural composition "Apotheosis of the Holy Spirit" (neo-Baroque, 19th century) in the cupola. 45 paintings in the church (an image of St. Barbara with a 17th- or 18th-century setting, a rococo "St. Catherine of Siena" by Szymon Czechowicz, a portrait of Alexander Jagiellon by an unknown artist of the second half of the 18th century) are considered monuments of art.


WikiWeb_Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit_3

An entry under the altar leads to the large vaults, which are labyrinthine, with many rooms and crypts. The dungeons house remains of hundreds of Vilnius residents, some of them naturally mummified, and are surrounded by urban legends. While the existence of the dungeons was known, the first efforts to explore and organize the abandoned dungeons were carried out by students of Vilnius University in the 1930s. The students, however, did not observe proper archaeological procedures and did a lot of damage. Their practices included sorting the bones, such as putting all skulls on shelves and removing grave goods. Since then, the remains were moved many times leaving them in a haphazard and disorganized state. Urban legends claim that these remains are of French soldiers from the 1812 French invasion of Russia or of victims of the Inquisition or plague. More romantic are claims that these dungeons were once part of a larger tunnel network that allowed legendary lovers Barbara Radziwiłł and Sigismund II Augustus to meet in secret.
In 2011, anthropologists from Vilnius University, led by Rimantas Jankauskas, began a study of the mummified bodies. They estimated that the vaults hold remains of about 600 people including many women and children from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century. The team selected the best preserved mummies and performed their tomography. The results show that several people were overweight and had bunions, which led to the conclusion that these were wealthier people.


Domus Galilaeae or House of Galilee (Hebrew: בית הגליל), located on the peak of Mount of Beatitudes, above and north of Capernaum and the Sea of Galilee, is a Christian meeting place used for seminars and conventions, run by the Neocatechumenal Way. On his pilgrimage to Israel in 2000, Pope John Paul II visited Domus Galilaeae and said he hoped it would become a place for interreligious dialogue.


Domus Galilaeae employs about 150 people full-time, including labourers, technicians, and volunteers. There are 37 Arab Christian workers, 32 Arab Muslims, 21 Jewish technicians, 20 Druzes, and 10 Maronites.
The building was constructed in a short period of time, with the first stone being laid in January 1999 and the opening of the site taking place in 2000. It was inaugurated by the Pope John Paul II in his Millennium visit to the Holy Land. In the centre of the  library is an ancient Torah. The architect used traditional Tuscan building stone, "pietra serena" limestone and "pietra forte colombino" sandstone, polished and processed with great attention to detail.
The centre is envisaged as a place where Christians will learn about the living tradition of Israel, following the footsteps of early Christian saints  "who returned to their Hebrew roots to understand the meaning of prayer, of feasts, and Hebrew liturgies".  John Paul II,  who exemplified a new era of affinity between Catholics and Jews, emphasised the need to appreciate Jewish roots in order to live-out authentic Christianity; he explicitly endorsed the continuing life and vitality of the Jewish faith and prayed for Jewish continuance.


Don State Public Library (Russian: Донская государственная публичная библиотека) is the main public library of Rostov Oblast, and is situated in the city of Rostov-on-Don. It was established in 1886 and is the oldest library in Southern Russia. In the Soviet period it was known as the Karl Marx Rostov-on-Don State Scientific Library (Russian: Ростовская государственная научная библиотека имени К. Маркса). It is an important cultural center of the city, hosting numerous art festivals and exhibitions.


Rostov-on-Don Public Library, the first major library in the city, was opened on 7 January 1886. The new library consisted of 3,000 books, purchased by the city administration from a private library for the sum of 5,000 rubles. Until 1894, the library was housed in various private houses on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. From 1921 to 1994 the library was located in Velikanova House on Serafimovich Street.
In 1974, the construction of a new library building on Pushkinskaya Street began. It was designed by architect Yan Zanis and engineer Boris Sidelkovsky. The construction was severely delayed over the next 20 years and was finished only in 1994. On 25 May 1994 the library moved into its new premises. Three months later, in September, the library invited Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn to visit and meet readers.
In May 2010, Don State Public Library hosted a conference of Russian Wikipedians.


Restored recently, it was originally built in 1380 and has colorful white arches along the outside of the wide building. It has a green and white dome and two tall minarets. The mosque saw renovations in the late 19th to early 20th century. Shortly after, the mosque suffered heavy damages caused by political conflict. However, it continued to undergo restorations throughout the rest of the 20th century.
Generals Ma Qi and Ma Bufang controlled the Great Dongguan Mosque when they were military governors of Qinghai.
In 2021, it was reported that the green dome and minarets of the mosque were removed in a remodel to make the structure look more "Chinese" in an attempt by the CCP at sinicization.


The mosque covers an area of 11,940 square metres. In the Ming period, the mosque consisted of a single courtyard with a worship hall and two multi-storey minarets. The modern mosque is built in Chinese Islamic architectural style and contains elements of western architecture.


The Donjon de Niort or Château de Niort (the former is most often used today) is a medieval castle in the French town of Niort in the département of Deux-Sèvres. It consists of two square towers, linked by a 15th-century building and dominates the Sèvre Niortaise valley.
The two donjons are the only remaining part of the castle. The castle was started by Henry II Plantagenet and completed by Richard the Lionheart.  It was defended by a rectangular curtain wall and was damaged during the Wars of Religion. In the 18th century, the castle served as a prison.


Following Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the English Crown controlled most of western France. Needing a secure base from which to maintain links with England, Niort was strategically placed as a site where Henry could maintain a garrison and supplies of personnel and weapons.  He chose a site on the banks of the Sèvre on an earlier site. (Historians differ over the attribution; a recent hypothesis suggest that Henry's son Richard the Lionheart may have been responsible.)


The present keeps were the central point of a massive fortress.  The vast area covered by the castle extended between the River Sèvre to the markets and the modern Préfecture building to the rue Thiers, and was enclosed by an enceinte comprising approximately ten towers.
The southern keep is 28m (~95 ft) tall, reinforced with turrets and is 13.5m long on one side. The northern tower is slightly shorter at 23m and measures 14 x 15m. Both are flanked with circular turrets at the corners as well as semicircular buttresses. Each of the towers has a spiral staircase serving the upper floors. The Romanesque architecture is of a high quality with the dressed stones closely jointed. The interiors are rather spartan - there is no trace of chimneys, no large windows and no decorative sculpture. In the 15th century the area between the towers was roofed over using the 12th century walls, and turned into a lodging.
Other features of the defensive structure included a drawbridge and a dry moat 8m (~26 ft) deep.


At the start of the 13th century, the townspeople of Niort were besieged by Poitevin lords from the surrounding area, who blocked the entrances to the town and cut off provisions.  This blockade lasted several years and threatened starvation.  The castle, with its own sources of provisions, notably from the river, became the sole supplier for the town. In 1224 the castle returned to English hands.
During the Hundred Years War in progress, Niort was alternately under French and English domination.  Finally, in the 14th century, the town of Niort was securely placed under the French crown, thanks to Du Guesclin. From the end of the century, the duc de Berry, brother of Charles V, began restoring the castle including improvements to the residential parts of the keep.  Windows were built or enlarged to give more light; fireplaces were installed in the grand hall which was itself split into two floors; walls were painted or coated.  De Berry also built, on the right bank of the river, facing the fortress, a new port (le Port Neuf).
Following the Wars of Religion, a terrace was built at the keep to store small cannons that could be deployed as required.  Around this time, the importance of Niort declined and with it the castle, which began to fall into disrepair. In 1749, the north tower collapsed, weakening the rest of the building.  The castle governor suggested demolishing the whole castle and building a new fortress, more modern and more comfortable for the garrison and the munitions depot. However, it was finally restored by the engineer Artus, who underpinned the tower from 1751.  Three diamond-shaped vaults on the present ground floor date from this period.
After the Revolution the castle was sold by the town to the district, who later passed it to the Département.  The outer walls and its twelve towers, in a poor state since the 17th century, the houses in the courtyard and the drawbridge had all disappeared. (The remains of some towers were uncovered during the building of the modern market.)  In 1817, the fortified walls of the town were sold and demolished.
Classified as a monument historique in 1840, the castle housed the families of municipal employees or was used to store départemental archives.  In 1870, the Département gave the keep and its land to the town, but continued to occupy it until the start of the 20th century.
Following the first national congress of ethnology in France, held at Niort in 1896, the keep began to take on its present function as a museum, initially housing the collection of Poitevin costumes.


The castle houses the following museum collections:
- archaeological museum on the ground floor with Bronze Age, Gallo-Roman and Middle Ages exhibits
- museum of chamois leather and glove making on the first floor
- a reconstructed Poitevin interior from 1830 is found on the second floor, as well as a nationally important collection of costumes, headgear and jewelry.
From the roof, there is a beautiful view over the town and the Sèvre Niortaise.


The monastery is centered on the katholikon built between 1756 and 1761 by ataman Stepan Efremov to serve as his house church. Both the church and the monastery are dedicated to Our Lady of the Don. To the east of the church are the graves of Efremov's family.
The convent was inaugurated on September 12, 1837. Money for construction of the convent were donated by the widow of Colonel Daniil Efremov.
At the beginning of the 20th century in the monastery there were 16 salaried nuns, 2 supernumerary nuns, 96 frocked nuns, 135 lay sisters, and 250 people in total.
Relics of the monastery, as well as those of Resurrection Cathedral, were taken abroad during the times of Civil War. Before its reestablishment the monastery was administered by Starocherkassk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve.
The monastery was reestablished on October 5, 1994. Initially the monks settled in Starocherkassk in a rented private house and did restoration works of Don Church. They fertilized land around the temple put the graves in order and installed bells in the church.
The first prior of the revived monastery was Archimandrite Modest (Potapov) (1926 ― 2002), who took the veil from his confessor Metropolitan Zinovy (Mazhuga), who was canonized as a local saint.
In 2005, Macarius (Zelenkov) was appointed as a prior.


Feast Day ― August 19 (Julian calendar), the day of celebration of Our Lady of the Don icon.
In 1995, the Cossacks from Gnilovskaya village gave to the monastery a big-sized Our Lady of the Don icon. It was placed in Resurrection Cathedral for a while, until the monastery church had been restored. Subsequently, the icon was solemnly transferred to the Church of Our Lady of the Don. Now it is kept in antechamber of the temple.
On the left to the choir in the monastery church there is the icon of St. Dimitry of Rostov, the patron of Don. It has and integrated reliquary with the relics of the saint.


The Amazon campus, designed by Seattle architecture firm NBBJ, was approved by the Seattle Department of Planning and Development in late 2012 and excavation on Tower I began under the direction of Sellen Construction in June 2013. The tower was topped out in February 2015 and opened on December 14, 2015.


The 37-story building also has a five-story meeting room center, featuring an amphitheater and stage with stadium-style seating for 2,000, and six stories of underground parking with 1,064 spaces; there is also retail space at the ground level leased out to shops and restaurants, including a Starbucks, Skillet Street Food, Marination, Mamnoon, Anar, Potbelly Sandwich Shop, Cinque Terre Ristorante, and two restaurants from local chef Josh Henderson. The project, covering the entire three-block campus, is also on track to receive LEED Gold certification. The facade uses dichroic glass to reflect light in varying colors dependent on the time of the day.
The site was once proposed for a 31-story mixed-use high-rise, known as the Seventh at Westlake Tower. However, the plans were canceled in 2012 after being on hold for four years.


Dora II (Dora 2) is an unfinished German submarine base and submarine pen or bunker in Trondheim, Norway, which is next to Dora I (Dora 1). Construction of the bunker (designated by the Germans as DORA II) was undertaken during the Second World War, but the complex was never finished unlike Dora I. Trondheim was traditionally referred to as Drontheim in German, and the name DORA is the letter "D" in the German phonetic alphabet.


The German civil and military engineering group, Organisation Todt, started constructing the facility as a submarine base as they were finishing Dora I (completed in June 1943).
Construction of Dora II began in 1942 but was never completed. The second bunker was a little more than half complete by the time the war ended. If finished it would have been 168 feet (51 m) long by 102 feet (31 m) wide, with four pens capable of holding six U-boats. The completed walls are 3 m (9 ft 10 in) thick, and the roof is 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in) thick (only a quarter of the roof was completed).


In 1947 and 1948 the port authority conducted cleanup and blasting on Dora II. Part of the walls on the uncompleted sides were blasted away.
Dora II is used as a shipyard and as a warehouse and garage for boats and cars by companies such as Trondheim Verft AS and Skipsmaling AS.


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The Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul, more usually called Dorchester Abbey, is a Church of England parish church in Dorchester on Thames, Oxfordshire, about 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Oxford. It was formerly a Norman abbey church and was built on the site of a Saxon cathedral.


Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln founded Dorchester Abbey in 1140 for the Arrouaisian Order of Augustinian Canons Regular (who wore white instead of the black of most Augustinian canons). Dorchester had been a Roman town and was later adopted by the Mercians. It had been the seat of a bishopric from AD 634 when Pope Honorius I had sent Saint Birinus, its first bishop, to that district, until 1085 when the Mercian See (hitherto at Dorchester) was transferred to Lincoln.
The abbey, founded fifty-five years later, was dedicated in honour of Saints Peter and Paul and Birinus. It was richly endowed out of the lands and tithes of the former bishopric, and had twelve parishes subject to it, being included in the Peculiar of Dorchester, until the suppression of peculiars. The first abbot appears to have been Alured, whose name occurs in records from in 1146 and again in 1163. The last was John Mershe, who was elected in 1533, and in the following year subscribed to the king's supremacy, with five of his canons, and was given a pension of £22 a year (equivalent to £15,258 in 2020). The revenues of the abbey were valued at the time of its suppression at about £220 (equivalent to £152,582 in 2020). Henry VIII reserved the greater part of the property of the house for a college, erected by him in honour of the Holy Trinity, for a dean and prebendaries; but this was dissolved in the first year of his successor.
No register or cartulary of Dorchester Abbey is known to exist, and only a single charter, confirming the donation of a church by King John, is given by Dugdale. Edmund Ashefeld was the first impropriator of the abbey site and precincts, which afterwards passed through various hands.


The church of Dorchester Abbey, as it stands today, was built entirely by the Augustinian Canons, although there are traces on the north side of Saxon masonry, probably part of the ancient cathedral. The whole length of the church is 230 feet (70 m), its width 70 feet (21 m) and its height 55 feet (17 m). The north transept and its doorway are Norman.
The north side of the nave and chancel arch are Early English Gothic. The choir, south side of nave, south aisle are Decorated Gothic. The south porch is late Perpendicular Gothic. The very rich sanctuary, with its highly decorated windows (including the famous east window one known as the Jesse Tree window) and ornately carved sedilia and piscina, dates from 1330.
Other fittings include one of the few surviving lead fonts in England, frescoes of 1340 and several monuments, especially the well-known "swaggering knight" effigy formerly believed to be Sir John Holcombe who died in 1270 but it is more likely that it is William de Valence the Younger (died 1282  at the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr), son of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
Over a period of some forty years from 1845, restoration was carried out on an intermittent basis successively under the direction of four architects: James Cranston, William Butterfield, Sir George Gilbert Scott and Joseph Maltby Bignell (from 1878 to 1883). Scott had earlier employed his pupil, Bignell, as clerk of works at Dorchester [from 1859].
In 1993 a Union Jack that had been draped over the coffins of prisoners of war at Batu Lintang camp, Sarawak, Borneo was placed in the abbey together with two wooden memorial plaques; they had formerly been housed at All Saints Church, Oxford.


Saint Birinus
Sir John Drayton (d.1417) of Nuneham Courtenay. The Abbey contains his funerary brass.
Wulfwig
John Stonor
Hugh Segrave


Besides being a parish church, the abbey church is a venue for concerts and cultural events of all kinds.
The alternative rock band Radiohead used the church to record orchestral sections for their albums Kid A (2000) and Amnesiac (2001).
Between 1998 and 2006 the Dorchester Abbey Campaign Committee raised £4,000,000 and this has enabled the Church Council and the Dorchester Abbey Preservation Trust to undertake significant works in the abbey. These include the Cloister Gallery managed by the Dorchester Museum Committee and restoration of medieval and Victorian wall paintings. Dorchester Abbey Museum was longlisted for the Gulbenkian Prize in 2006. The abbey has an improved heating system and a modern kitchen and servery in the Tower room.
The abbey is open every day from 8 a.m. until dusk.


Cunningham, CJK; Banks, JW (1972). "Excavations at Dorchester Abbey, Oxon" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. XXXVII: 158–164.
Doggett, Nicholas (1986). "The Anglo-Saxon See and Cathedral of Dorchester-on-Thames: the Evidence Reconsidered" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. LI: 49–61.
Keevill, Graham D (2003). "Archaeological Investigations in 2001 at the Abbey Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. LXVIII: 313–362.
Lankester, Philip J (1987). "A Military Effigy in Dorchester Abbey, Oxon" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society. LII: 145–172.
Lobel, Mary D, ed. (1962). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. Vol. 7: Thame and Dorchester Hundreds. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research. pp. 39–64.
Page, WH, ed. (1907). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. Vol. 2: Ecclesiastical History, etc. Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co. pp. 87–90.
Rodwell, Warwick (2009). Dorchester Abbey, Oxfordshire: The Archaeology and Architecture of a Cathedral, Monastery and Parish Church. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-388-6.
Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 576–586. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
Tiller, Kate, ed. (2005). Dorchester Abbey: Church and People 635–2005. Stonesfield Press. ISBN 0-9527126-4-4.
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


The Douaumont Ossuary (French: Ossuaire de Douaumont) is a memorial containing the skeletal remains of soldiers who died on the battlefield during the Battle of Verdun in World War I. It is located in Douaumont-Vaux, France, within the Verdun battlefield, and immediately next to the Fleury-devant-Douaumont National Necropolis. It was built on the initiative of Charles Ginisty, Bishop of Verdun.


The ossuary is a memorial containing the remains of both French and German soldiers who died on the Verdun battlefield. Through small outside windows, the skeletal remains of at least 130,000 unidentified combatants of both nations can be seen filling up alcoves at the lower edge of the building. On the inside of the ossuary building, the ceiling and walls are partly covered by plaques bearing names of French soldiers who died during the Battle of Verdun. A few of the names are from fighting that took place in the area during World War II, as well as for veterans of the Indochina and Algerian Wars. The families of the soldiers that are recognized here by name contributed for those individual plaques. In front of the monument, and sloping downhill, lies the largest single French military cemetery of the First World War with 16,142 graves. It was inaugurated in 1923 by Verdun veteran André Maginot, who would later approve work on the Maginot Line.
The ossuary was officially inaugurated on 7 August 1932 by French President Albert Lebrun.


The architects of the ossuary were Léon Azéma, Max Edrei, and Jacques Hardy. George Desvallières designed the stained glass windows. The tower is 46 meters (151 ft) high and has a panoramic view of the battlefields. The tower contains a bronze death-bell, weighing over 2 tonnes (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons), called Bourdon de la Victoire, which is sounded at official ceremonies. It was offered by an American benefactor, Anne Thornburn Van Buren, in 1927. At the top of the tower is a rotating red and white "lantern of the dead", which shines on the battlefields at night. The cloister is 137 meters (449 ft) long and contains 42 interior alcoves.


Douthat State Park is a state park located in the Allegheny Mountains in Virginia. It is in Bath County and Alleghany County. The park is 4,545 acres (18 km²) total with a 50-acre (20 ha) lake. It is one of the original Virginia state parks built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps.


Dovedale Baptist Church, (formerly Wavertree Baptist Church, sometimes referred to as Mossley Hill Baptist Church) is in Dovedale Road, Mossley Hill, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.  It was an active Baptist church until 2018, and the church building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.


The church was built in 1905–06, and designed by George and R. P. Baines. It became an independent church with its own membership roll in 1908. When Myrtle Street Baptist Church closed in 1939 (the site having been sold to make way for the building of the Liverpool Cancer Hospital) their congregation and minister (Revd K.C. Dykes) joined with the church at Wavertree. In September 2018 the church held its final service, and closed its doors as a Baptist church. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is now negotiating the sale of the building. In 2020 the building was bought by Cornerstone Church Liverpool and reopened on 4 April 2021. They meet there regularly (Sunday Mornings) where they have an hour/hour and a half service with song, sermons and prayer.


The church is faced with flint, an unusual building material in Liverpool, with dressings in red brick and terracotta.  The roof is in slate with a cresting of red tiles.  It has a T-shaped plan, consisting of a nave and transepts as wide as the nave, and a southwest tower.  The tracery in the windows is Perpendicular in style.  The entrance front is gabled, and contains a central doorway with a four-centred arch flanked by diagonal buttresses and two-light windows.  Above this is a seven-light window.  At the top of the gable are pinnacles and a traceried panel with gargoyles.  This section is flanked on the left by a porch with a pyramidal roof, and on the right by the tower.  The tower contains an entrance, above which is a three-light square-headed window, and over this are three-light square-headed bell openings. The tower had to be reduced in height in 1989 following concerns over structural stability; the current one is therefore truncated.  The transepts are also gabled, and contain two tiers of windows.  Attached to the rear of the church is a hall with gables containing five-light windows.


Inside the church is a crossing with a four-centred arch on each side carried on thin quatrefoil columns.  There is a central pulpit, in front of which is an immersion font and semicircular benches.  Behind the pulpit is an organ.  In the windows is coloured glass with Art Nouveau features.  The three-manual pipe organ was made in 1906 by Hill, Norman and Beard.


The church building is located on Dovedale Road, on the junction with Barndale Road on one side and Olivedale Road on the other. The main entrance to the church is on Dovedale Road with side entrances to the church hall on both Barndale Road and Olivedale Road.  The church was in membership with the Baptist Union of Great Britain, the Evangelical Alliance and Churches Together in Mossley Hill. until it closed in 2018. Its minister from 1994 to 2011 was Wayne Clarke, who was also a BBC religious broadcaster.
On Sundays the church organised Morning Worship and a Sunday Club.  During the week it arranged meetings for women, and for parents and toddlers. Brownies and Guides met in the church. Cornerstone Church Liverpool purchased the building in 2020 and meet there on Sunday mornings at 10:30am for an hour/hour and a half service with a sermon, songs and prayer.


Downside Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in England and the senior community of the English Benedictine Congregation. Until 2019, the community had close links with Downside School, for the education of children aged eleven to eighteen. Both the abbey and the school are at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, between Westfield and Shepton Mallet in Somerset, South West England. In 2020, the monastic community announced that it would move away from the present monastery and seek a new place to live. On 27 October 2021, the monastic community further announced that as part of their transition they would move in Spring of 2022 to the temporary accommodation of "Southgate House, in the grounds of Buckfast Abbey, Devon, where we will live as the Community of St Gregory the Great". As of 2020, the monastic community of Downside Abbey was home to fifteen monks.
The Abbey Church of St Gregory the Great, begun in 1873 and unfinished, is a Grade I listed building. Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described its Gothic style as "the most splendid demonstration of the renaissance of Roman Catholicism in England".


The community was founded in 1607 at Douai in Flanders, then part of the Spanish Netherlands, under the patronage of St Gregory the Great (who had sent the monk, St Augustine of Canterbury, as head of a mission to England in 597). The founder was the Welshman St John Roberts, who became the first prior and established the new community with other monks from England who had entered various monasteries within the Spanish Benedictine Congregation, notably the principal monastery at Valladolid. In 1611 Dom Philippe de Caverel, abbot of St. Vaast's Abbey at Arras, built and endowed a monastery for the community.
The Priory of St Gregory was therefore the first English Benedictine house to renew conventual life after the Reformation. For nearly 200 years the monastery trained monks for the English mission and six of these men were beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1929. Two of them, Saints John Roberts and Ambrose Barlow, were among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970.
French troops invaded Flanders during the French Revolution. The monastic community was expelled by them, after a period of imprisonment, and in March 1795 the community was permitted to proceed to England. They settled for some 20 years as guests of Sir Edward Smythe at Acton Burnell, Shropshire, before finally settling at Mount Pleasant, Downside, in Somerset, in 1814.
The monastery was completed in 1876. Downside was granted Abbey status in October 1899 (with Ampleforth and Douai) and Prior Edmund Ford was elected the first Abbot in 1900.


In 2018–2020, following an investigation of Downside School by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, financial strain on the abbey led to the sale of assets including Renaissance paintings.
Dom Nicholas Wetz of Belmont Abbey was appointed as Prior Administrator for a two-year period from September 2018, and in August 2020 he was elected the first Abbot of Downside Abbey in six years. In the same week, it was announced that the monks would begin the search for a new home due to "smaller numbers and changing circumstances" rendering the current building unsuitable for the future.