Prominent persons that were born or lived in this region include the poets Srečko Kosovel, Igo Gruden, Ciril Zlobec, and Branka Jurca, social activist Danilo Dolci, architect Max Fabiani, painters Avgust Černigoj and Lojze Spacal, writers Alojz Rebula, Igor Torkar, and Bogomir Magajna, theologian Anton Mahnič, politicians Drago Marušič, Josip Ferfolja, and Majda Širca, economist Milko Brezigar, and actress Ita Rina. The picturesque Karst landscape inspired numerous artists who were not from this region, including the poets Rainer Maria Rilke, Alojz Gradnik, and Edvard Kocbek, essayists Scipio Slataper and Marjan Rožanc, writers Italo Svevo, Fulvio Tomizza, and Susanna Tamaro, and film director Jan Cvitkovič. Many artists and authors settled in the area, including Josip Osti and Taras Kermauner.


Kashmere Gate or Kashmiri Gate is a gate located in Old Delhi in UT of Delhi, India. it is the northern gate to the historic walled city of Old Delhi. Built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, the gate is so named because it was at the start of a road that led to Kashmir.
Now it is also the name of the surrounding locality in North Delhi, in the Old Delhi area, and an important road junction as the Red Fort, ISBT and Delhi Junction railway station lie in its vicinity.


The exact origins of the castle are not clear, with various theories being advanced, but they appear to be Byzantine. During excavations in the two towers adjacent to the main gate as well as in a third tower to the north side of the main gate, bronze coins from the reigns  of Byzantine emperors Maurice (582–602 AD) and Basil II (976–1025) were discovered.
In addition ceramic ostraca dating from the early Byzantine period, the 4th–7th centuries AD, were also unearthed. This leads to the conclusion that a Byzantine castle may have been built in the area by the 6th century AD, a date which is several centuries earlier than the currently estimated date of the present castle's construction.


The district of Katesgrove corresponds closely to the Katesgrove electoral ward of the Borough of Reading. In addition to the traditional definition of Katesgrove (as given above), this includes a strip of land between the A33 and the River Kennet, including the flats on the site of the Reading Central goods depot and the commercial buildings to the south, that would more normally be regarded as part of the district of Coley. The ward is bordered by Abbey, Redlands, Church, Whitley and Coley wards and forms part of the Reading East parliamentary constituency.
Katesgrove elects three councillors to the unitary Reading Borough Council, with each elected in separate years for a four-year term. Traditionally an area of strength for the Labour Party, one of Katesgrove's councillors was Labour's David Sutton, who was leader of the council for thirteen years before his defeat by a Liberal Democrat, Warren Swaine, in 2008. The 2000s witnessed a surge in votes for the Liberal Democrats, resulting in 2007 with the election of Gareth Epps, the constituency's 2010 candidate who achieved second place in that election - culminating in 2010 with all Katesgrove councillors being Liberal Democrats. However, the 2011 council election saw Labour candidate Matt Rodda, who is now MP for Reading East, elected, and over the following years Labour regained the remaining seats.
In the 2022 election, at which all councillors faced re-election because of boundary changes, a swing from the Labour Party to the Green Party led to the latter gaining two of the three seats. As a result, the councillors are Liam Challenger of the Labour Party, and Doug Cresswell and Louise Keane, both of the Green Party.


The Katharinenkirche (St. Catherine's church) in Oppenheim, Germany, is regarded as an important Gothic church building on the Rhine, along with the cathedrals of Cologne and Strasbourg. Construction began probably in 1225, when Oppenheim was granted Town privileges. Since the merger of the Lutheran and Reformed congregation in 1822, it is a United Protestant church and its congregation forms part of the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau. The church is a venue of church music too. Church musicians are the organists Ralf and Katrin Bibiella.


According to the scripts carved on one of the walls of Katoghike Church, the surviving structure dates back to 1264.
After the 1679 Yerevan earthquake, a large basilica named after the Holy Mother of God was built between 1693 and 1695, in the ancient Shahar district of Yerevan, occupying the western edge of the Katoghike Church. The new church was built of typical Armenian tuff stones and did not have dome. It belonged to the three-nave basilica type of the Armenian church architecture. The church With its prayer hall measuring 14.0 x 19.3 meters, and an outside perimeter of 16.4 x 28.4 meters, was considered one of the most capacious churches of old Yerevan. The church had entrances on the southern and western sides.
In 1936, the basilica of the Holy Mother of God was demolished under the Soviet rule to make way for residential buildings and a linguistic institute at the Sayat-Nova Avenue. During the demolition, the 13th-century church of Katoghike was discovered encased within the structure of the large basilica. After protests from archaeologists, the church was preserved. Many old khachkars (cross-stones) were found in the walls of the demolished church dating back to the 15th and 17th centuries.
However, the demolished basilica itself had been built on the foundations of an old church known as the Holy Mother of God. The hypothesis that this old church had existed was completely confirmed during the demolition of the Katoghike Church, when the southern and northern walls to which the two vestries were annexed were opened. The oldest inscriptions found on these walls date back to 1264. There are inscriptions engraved on the western façade dating back to the years 1284, 1229 and to the sixteenth century, whereas on the northern walls the inscriptions refer to the year 1609. Consequently, a chapel has probably been built early in the 17th century at the western side of the Holy Mother of God Church at whose site the building of the Katoghike Church was erected toward the end of the same century. This finding was significant in that it confirms the conclusion that the St. Holy Mother of God Church was the only one of the churches of Yerevan that survived and stood firm after the earthquake.
The current Holy Mother of God Church, which continues to bear the name of Katoghike, is relatively of small size (5.4 x 7.5 m). Due to the very limited space it can offer for the required church rituals, it serves only as a prayer house.


Katra Masjid is located at 24.184722°N 88.288056°E.
Hazarduari Palace and its associated sites in the Kila Nizamat area (forming the central area in the map alongside) is the centre of attraction in Murshidabad. Just a little away are Katra Masjid, Fauti Mosque, Jama Masjid and the Motijhil area. There is a group of attractions in the northern part of the town (as can be seen in the map alongside). Some attractions such as Khushbagh, Rosnaiganj, Baranagar, Kiriteswari Temple, Karnasuvarna and others are on the other side of the river and there are attractions in the neighbouring Berhampore area also (not shown in the map).
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in Murshidabad city. Most of the places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. A few, without pages yet, remain unmarked. The map has a scale. It will help viewers to find out the distances.


The KattenKabinet ("Cat Cabinet") is an art museum in Amsterdam devoted to works depicting cats. The museum collection includes paintings, drawings, sculptures and other works of art by Pablo Picasso, Rembrandt, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Corneille, Sal Meijer, Théophile Steinlen, and Jože Ciuha, among others.
The museum is housed in a canalside building at Herengracht 497, in the grand Gouden Bocht ("Golden Bend") of this canal. The owner lives on the second floor of the building with his family. There are some cats in the museum as well.


The reserve features 700 species of plants, 51 mammals, 140 of birds, three types of reptiles and eight fish species. Endangered species include the fawn lily (Erythronium sibericum), peony (Paeonia hybrida), spleenwort (Asplenium exiguum), and, rarely, the snow leopard (Uncia uncia).


Initially, after the exhumation of 1943, the Germans had permitted the Polish Red Cross to build a cemetery on the spot. However, following the Soviet re-taking of the area it was destroyed and most evidence removed. The area was again forested and civilians were banned from entering the area. As the knowledge of the massacre was suppressed in Communist countries, in 1976 the Polish Government in Exile awarded the Katyn Memorial in London with the cross of Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military award.
Following Soviet admittance of the crime in 1990, the exhumation and archaeological works were resumed. In 1994 a bi-lateral treaty on war cemeteries and war memorials was concluded between Poland and Russia. This paved the way for a construction of a proper war cemetery in Katyn. After several years of construction it was opened to the public on July 28, 2000. That year also similar cemeteries were opened at other mass murder sites of Piatikhatki (near Kharkiv), Smolensk, and Mednoye. The Virtuti Militari awarded to the monument in London was then transferred to Katyn, which became one of the very few places in the world among its recipients.
During the opening ceremony the spot was visited by the highest Polish and Russian authorities. Among them were the Prime Ministers Jerzy Buzek and Viktor Khristenko, as well as Marshals of Sejm (Maciej Płażyński) and Senate (Alicja Grześkowiak). The ceremony was opened by the Polish Chief of General Staff, General Henryk Szumski, and concluded with a Catholic mass celebrated by the primate of Poland Józef Glemp, while the Orthodox ceremony was conducted by Metropolitan bishop of Smolensk Cyril Gundyaev. There were also prayers of other denominations held, as there were also Protestant, Muslim and Jewish victims of the NKVD buried there.
On April 10, 2010, the Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife and another 94 people including many of his top staff members, more than a dozen members of the Parliament and leaders of the military died when the presidential plane went down about a half mile from the runway in the Russian city of Smolensk. The Polish delegation was on its way to take part in a ceremony there to commemorate the Soviet massacre of more than 20,000 members of Poland’s elite 70 years ago.


Motion pictures filmed there include the musicals Hair and The Wiz, and the films Goodfellas and Carlito's Way. In 1984, The Jacksons' music video "Torture" was filmed there as well. The 1986 movie The Money Pit starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long. Many sequences, especially the 'visitation' sequence in 2002 TV mini series Angels in America, were also shot there. A 2009 remake, The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3, also used the studios. In 2011, the remake of Arthur filmed a few scenes there.
Television shows filmed at the studio include Sesame Street, Orange Is The New Black, Onion News Network, Johnny and the Sprites,
Between  the Lions, The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss, Oobi, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego, and its successor Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego? Other projects recorded at the studios have included Judge Judy, Power of 10, The Cosby Show, Cosby, The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd, Swans Crossing, Law & Order, Million Dollar Password, the 2009 pilot of The $1,000,000 Pyramid, Video Power, Spin City, and Mariah Carey's MTV Unplugged. WFAN, a local sports radio station owned by Audacy, was formerly based at the studio before moving to lower Manhattan in the fall of 2009.


The walls of the studio are lined with signed images of the performers who have worked in the studios, including Milton Berle, Frank Sinatra, The Marx Brothers, Ginger Rogers, George Burns, Lena Horne,  Ethel Merman, Paul Robeson, Lillian Gish, Claudette Colbert, Gloria Swanson, Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald, Diana Ross, and Jerry Orbach.


The creek is notorious for its history of severe floods and mudflows. On October 2 and 3, 1947, heavy rains triggered a jökulhaup (glacial lake outburst flood) from the Kautz Glacier- the largest flood after the establishment of the park. The flood (similar to a volcanic lahar) moved 40,000,000 cubic metres (1.4×10⁹ cu ft) of earth and boulders of up to 13 feet (4.0 m) in diameter for 6 miles (9.7 km). It buried the Nisqually-Longmire Road under 30 feet (9.1 m) of debris, and carved a canyon 300 feet (91 m) deep. Other large debris flows have occurred in the Kautz Creek watershed in 1961, 1985, and 1986, with small debris flows occurring more frequently. The creek also jumped its banks in November 2006, destroying parts of the Kautz Creek Trail.


The Kavanagh Building is considered a leading example of International Style architecture, a current known locally as rationalism or modern movement. The building is sometimes classified as Art Deco due to the similarity of both styles. La Nación's Fabio Grementieri called it a "masterful synthesis of rationalism and Art Deco, of renewal and tradition, of Paris and New York." Rationalism was introduced in Buenos Aires by intellectual Victoria Ocampo with the modernist house she commissioned to architect Alejandro Bustillo, built in Barrio Parque in 1929 and characterized by "simple cubic shapes, white walls and neat proportions". Its contrast with the Belle Époque-style houses of the rest of the neighborhood, popular among the city's upper classes, earned the building negative reviews. Nevertheless, Ocampo's house proved to be very influential as the rationalist style gained popularity during the 1930s. It was used in hospitals, movie theaters and a triad of high-rise buildings: the Kavanagh, Comega and Safico buildings. These early skyscrapers are characterized by the ziggurat-like approach of their design, mandated as per a municipal regulation analogous to New York City's 1916 Zoning Resolution, which had been adopted to stop tall buildings from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below. The Kavanagh Building showcases the growing influence of American architecture in the region at the time, caused by the political confrontation in Europe and technological transformations.


The Kawaiaha'o mission was started in 1820. The stone building of Kawaiahaʻo Church was commissioned by the regency of Kaʻahumanu, during the reigns of Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III.  Designed by Rev. Hiram Bingham in the New England style of the Hawaiian missionaries, it was constructed between 1836 and 1842 of some 14,000 thousand-pound slabs of coral rock quarried from an offshore reef on the southern coast of Oʻahu.  Hawaiian divers dove three to six metres below sea-level to chisel out each coral block with hand tools, and the blocks then were transported from the reef onto the shore.
The church house rivaled the concurrent construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace by the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands.  Construction began on that churchhouse in 1840 and was substantially completed in 1843, one year after the completion of Kawaiahaʻo Church.
The name Kawaiahaʻo was not applied to the site until 1853.
Kawaiahaʻo Church was frequented by the chiefs of the Hawaiian Islands as well as the members of the reigning Kamehameha Dynasty and Kalākaua Dynasty. Kamehameha III, Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V and Kalakaua took their oaths of office to their constitutions at Kawaiahaʻo Church. State burials were also held at the church as well the baptisms of aliʻi including aliʻi members who would eventually convert to other denominations or faiths.
Today, the upper gallery of the sanctuary is adorned with 20 portraits of Hawaiian royalty (Aliʻi).  The body of King Lunalilo, who preferred burial in a church cemetery to burial in the Royal Mausoleum, is buried in a crypt along with his father near the front courtyard.
But Kawaiahaʻo Church was not the only site of royal worship in the Islands. Kamehameha IV and his wife Emma were devout members of the Church of England and established the Anglican Church of Hawaiʻi, which evolved into the present-day Episcopal Diocese of Hawaiʻi after the islands were annexed by the United States and later gained statehood.  The royal couple commissioned the construction of the Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, which replaced Kawaiahaʻo Church as the principal centre of royal worship. Kamehameha V, Kalākaua, and Liliʻuokalani (after the rebellion which overthrew the kingdom) preferred to use the cathedral – even though, before her reign, then Princess Liliʻuokalani had directed the choir of Kawaiahaʻo Church.  When Liliʻuokalani died in 1917, she lay in state in the church for a week before her funeral at Iolani Palace.
Other well-known persons associated with the church include:
Kīnaʻu, kuhina nui of the Hawaiian Kingdom;
Timoteo Richard Haʻalilio, the Hawaiian envoy that helped to secure Hawaiian independence;
John (Ioane) Iʻi, an advisor to Kamehameha III and teacher at the Chiefʻs Children School;
Emma Kaʻili Metcalf Beckley Nakuina, historian and the first record female judge in Hawaiʻi;
Levi Haʻalelea, an advisor to Kamehameha III;
John Thomas Gulick, a missionary to Micronesia and head of the Hawaiian board of Foreign Missions to Oceania and the Philippines;
Daniel Opunui, one of the first Protestant missionaries in Micronesia was member of Kawaiahaʻo Church before Kaumakapili Church was built;
David Kinimaka, adopted brother of King Kalakaua and officer in the Hawaiian Royal Guards;
Henry Berger, band master of the Royal Hawaiian Band and is buried at Kawaiahaʻo Church.
Miss Agnes Baldwin Alexander, born in Honolulu in 1875 to William DeWitt Alexander and Abigail Charlotte Alexander, née Baldwin. Miss Alexander was a scion of two of Hawaii’s most illustrious Christian missionary families — the Alexanders and the Baldwins. In 1900 Agnes discovered the Baháʼí Faith while in Rome on a tour of Europe, which she had undertaken after a severe illness. In 1901 she returned to Hawaii as its first Baháʼí.
Abraham Akaka, late pastor of the Kawaiahaʻo Church and most remembered for his role in the US Civil Rights Movement.


For the next few years, Kamehameha was engaged in his war campaigns, and then spent his last years at Kamakahonu to the north. By this time other harbors such as Lahaina and Honolulu became popular with visiting ships. By 1804, the heiau was falling into disuse. In 1814, a British ship HMS Forester arrived in the midsts of a mutiny. Otto von Kotzebue arrived in 1816 on a mission from the Russian Empire.
When Kamehameha I died in 1819, his oldest son Liholiho officially inherited the kingdom, calling himself Kamehameha II. His nephew Keaoua Kekuaokalani inherited the important military and religious post of guardian of Kūkaʻilimoku. However, true power was held by Kamehameha's widow Queen Kaʻahumanu. She had been convinced by Vancouver and other visitors that the European customs should be adopted. In the ʻAi Noa she declared an end to the old Kapu system.
Kekuaokalani was outraged by this threat to the old traditions, which still were respected by most common people. He gathered religious supporters at Kaʻawaloa, threatening to take the kingdom by force, as happened 37 years earlier. After a failed attempt to negotiate peace, he marched his army north to meet Kalanimoku's troops who were gathered at Kamakahonu. They met in the Battle of Kuamoʻo. Both sides had muskets, but Kalanimoku had cannon mounted on double-hulled canoes. He devastated the fighters for the old religion, who still lie buried in the lava rock.
The wood Kiʻi carvings were burned, and the temples fell into disrepair. A small Christian church was built in 1824 in Kaʻawaloa by the Hawaiian missionaries, and the narrow trail widened to a donkey cart road in the late 1820s, but the population declined due largely to introduced diseases and people shifted to other areas.
In 1825, Admiral Lord Byron (cousin of the famous poet) on the ship HMS Blonde erected a monument to Cook and took away many of the old, sacred artifacts.
The last royalty known to live here was high chief Naihe, known as the "national orator," and his wife Chiefess Kapiʻolani, early converts to Christianity.
In 1829, she was saddened to see that the destruction of the temples included desecrating the bones of her ancestors at the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau.
She removed the remains of the old chiefs and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs before ordering this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858, under direction of King Kamehameha IV.
In 1839 a massive stone church was built just south of the bay. It fell into ruin, and a smaller building called Kahikolu Church was built in 1852. This also fell into ruin, but has been rebuilt.
In 1894 a wharf was constructed at the village at the south of the bay, now called Napoʻopoʻo. A steamer landed in the early 20th century when Kona coffee became a popular crop in the upland areas.
A large white stone monument was built on the north shore of the bay in 1874 on the order of Archibald Cleghorn and was deeded to the United Kingdom in 1877. The chain around the monument is supported by four cannon from the ship HMS Fantome; they were placed with their breaches embedded in the rock in 1876. It marks the approximate location of Cook's death. It is located at coordinates 19°28′52.7″N 155°56′0.4″W.
The Cook monument is unreachable by road; this remote location is accessible only by water or an hour-long hike along a moderately steep trail.  Many visitors have rented kayaks and paddled across the bay, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from its southern end. State conservation regulations prohibit kayaks, stand-up paddleboards, surfboards, and bodyboards from entering the bay unless part of a tour with a licensed local operator. The pier at Napoʻopoʻo can be accessed down a narrow road off the Hawaii Belt Road.
The beach sand was mostly removed by Hurricane Iniki in 1992. Boat tours are also available, leaving from Honokōhau harbor, Keauhou Bay, and the Kailua pier.
A short single-day eruption of Mauna Loa volcano took place underwater within Kealakekua Bay in 1877, and within a mile of the shoreline; curious onlookers approaching the area in boats reported unusually turbulent water and occasional floating blocks of hardened lava.
Hawaiian spinner dolphins frequent Kealakekua Bay, especially in the morning. The bay serves as a place for them to rest and feed, and as a nursery for mothers and their calves. Due to the calm water conditions, extensive coral reef, and thriving underwater life, Kealakekua Bay offers some of the best snorkeling and diving in Hawaii, especially in the shallow waters adjacent to the monument. The bay is a protected marine environment so visitors can snorkel but no fishing is allowed in this area.
About 180 acres (0.73 km²) around the bay was designated a State Historic Park in 1967, and it was added as a Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as site 73000651. The 315 acres (1.27 km²) of the bay itself were declared a Marine Life Conservation District in 1969.
A narrow one-lane road to the south leads to Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, which contains more historic sites.


Chota Char Dham
Yamunotri
Gangotri
Kedarnath
Badrinath
Kedarnath Temple (Sanskrit: केदारनाथ मंदिर, IAST: Kēdāranātha Mandira, lit. 'temple of the God of the field') is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva. The temple is located on the Garhwal Himalayan range near the Mandakini river, in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Due to extreme weather conditions, the temple is open to the general public only between the months of April (Akshaya Tritiya) and November (Kartik Purnima, the autumn full moon). During the winters, the vigraha (deity) of the temple is carried down to Ukhimath to be worshipped for the next six months. Kedarnath is seen as a homogenous form of Shiva, the 'Lord of Kedarkhand', the historical name of the region.
The temple is not directly accessible by road and has to be reached by a 22 kilometres (14 mi) uphill trek from Gaurikund. Pony, mule and manchan service is available to reach the temple. According to Hindu legends, the temple was initially built by the Pandavas, and is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas, the holiest Hindu shrines of Shiva. The Pandavas were supposed to have pleased Shiva by doing penance in Kedarnath. The temple is one of the four major sites in India's Chota Char Dham pilgrimage of Northern Himalayas and is the first of the Panch Kedar pilgrimage sites. This temple is the highest among the 12 Jyotirlingas. It is one of the 275 paadal petra sthalams expounded in the Tevaram, a sacred Tamil Shaivite text written during the 6th and 7th centuries by 63 saints called Nayanars. This temple is sung of by Thirugnanasambandar, Appar, Sundarar and Sekkizhar in their Tevaram texts.
Kedarnath was the worst affected area during the 2013 flash floods in North India. The temple complex, surrounding areas, and Kedarnath town suffered extensive damage, but the temple structure did not suffer any major damage, apart from a few cracks on one side of the four walls which was caused by the flowing debris from the higher mountains. A large rock among the debris acted as a barrier, protecting the temple from the flood. The surrounding premises and other buildings in the market area were heavily damaged.


Christoph von Zelking, lord of nearby Schloss Weinberg and adviser to Emperor Frederick III, commissioned the building of a new church for Kefermarkt between 1470 and 1476. In his last will and testament from 1490 he provided the money to pay, in installments, for an altarpiece dedicated to Saint Wolfgang also after his death. When the will was written, the altarpiece must already have been commissioned, and work on it may already have been started. In the following year, Christoph von Zelking died, and was buried in the choir of the church. While the altarpiece in Kefermarkt does not carry any inscriptions or other hints as to its origins, several circumstances indicate that it remains the altarpiece commissioned by Christoph von Zelking. A receipt from 1497 (later lost) documented the final payment for the altarpiece, indicating that the altarpiece may have been installed in the church that year. A rood cross from the church in Kefermarkt also bears the date 1497, indicating that the church would have been finished by then and the furnishings installed.
The altarpiece was made by a main sculptor, who is often referred to by a notname as the Master of the Kefermarkt Altarpiece. It has been assumed that he was the head of a workshop, which together with its main sculptor made two of the figures in the central section (Saint Wolfgang and Saint Peter), the reliefs on the wings, and most of the smaller statuary. The architectural elements and the superstructure may have been made by a cabinet maker's workshop. The identity of the main sculptor and the location of the workshop has been discussed for a long time. Because of its unusual quality, it has unconvincingly been proposed that the altarpiece was made by Tilman Riemenschneider, Veit Stoss, Michael Pacher and Albrecht Dürer. Most scholars have concluded that the workshop which produced the altarpiece was active in Passau, but since few comparable works of art from Passau have been preserved, no definitive conclusions have been drawn. Similarly, it has been proposed that one Martin Kriechbaum would be the Master of the Kefermarkt Altarpiece. He is mentioned in archival records as "painter", but this doesn't necessarily mean that he was not also skilled in woodcarving, and it is known that he had commissions in both Upper and Lower Austria.


The Kefermarkt altarpiece has been called "one of the greatest achievements in late-medieval sculpture in the German-speaking area." The altarpiece is 13.8 metres (45 ft) high from the floor to the top of the superstructure and 6.17 metres (20.2 ft) wide. It is made of linden wood (with a few details made of larch added in the 19th century)  and consists of four distinct parts: a predella at the base, a rectangular central section in the form of a shallow cabinet, two wings, and an intricate superstructure. Not integrated into the structure itself but part of the altarpiece ensemble are also two figures depicting Saint George and Saint Florian, today placed on consoles on either side of the altarpiece.


Kelmscott Manor was the country home of the writer, designer and socialist William Morris from 1871 until his death in 1896. Today it is owned by the Society of Antiquaries of London, and is open to the public on Thursday, Friday and Saturdays during the summer.
Morris drew great inspiration from the unspoilt authenticity of the house's architecture and craftsmanship, and its organic relationship with its setting, especially its garden. The Manor is featured in Morris' work News from Nowhere. It also appears in the background of Water Willow, a portrait of his wife, Jane Morris, painted by Dante Gabriel Rossetti in 1871.
After William Morris's death in 1896, the Manor continued to be occupied by his widow, Jane Morris (who purchased it in 1913) and later, his daughters. May Morris died in 1938 and bequeathed the house to Oxford University, on the basis the contents were preserved and the public were granted access. The University were unwilling to preserve the house as 'a museum piece' and passed the house and land to the Society of Antiquaries in 1962.


The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology is a museum of archaeology located on the University of Michigan central campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States. The museum is a unit of the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. It has a collection of more than 100,000 ancient and medieval artifacts from the civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Near East. In addition to displaying its permanent and special exhibitions, the museum sponsors research and fieldwork and conducts educational programs for the public and for schoolchildren. The museum also houses the University of Michigan Interdepartmental Program in Classical Art and Archaeology.


WikiWeb_Kelvinside Hillhead Parish Church, Glasgow_0

Kelvinside Hillhead Parish Church, originally Hillhead Parish Church, is a parish church of the Church of Scotland, serving the Hillhead and Kelvinside areas of Glasgow, Scotland. It is within the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Glasgow.


Among the notable guests of the hotel were
David L Perdue, developer champion fox hunter
Herbert Alsen, opera singer and conductor, director of Vienna Opera (from the 1960s until 1990)
Lex Barker, actor
Pierre Brice, film actor (presumably at the end of the 1960s)
Josip Broz, President of Yugoslavia (1953, 1968) - the Presidential Suite or Tito Suite (No. 112) has been named after him
Yul Brynner, film actor
Božidar Jakac, painter and photographer (from the end of the 1970s to the end of the 1980s)
Marcello Mastroianni, film actor (1956, 1985)
Ivo Pogorelić, piano player
Jože Privšek, jazz pianist, composer, and conductor (in the beginning of the 1970s)
Mikis Theodorakis, composer
Leon Cave, Drummer from English rock band Status Quo
Orson Welles, film actor and director (presumably at the end of the 1960s or in the beginning of the 1970s)
Adriano Celentano, Mina, Patty Pravo (1968), Rita Pavone (1963), Bobby Solo, and Ornella Vanoni, popular Italian singers


Kenilworth remained a ruin during the 18th and 19th centuries, still used as a farm but increasingly also popular as a tourist attraction. The first guidebook to the castle, A Concise history and description of Kenilworth Castle, was printed in 1777 with many later editions following in the coming decades.
The castle's cultural prominence increased after Sir Walter Scott wrote Kenilworth in 1821 describing the royal visit of Queen Elizabeth. Very loosely based on the events of 1575, Scott's story reinvented aspects of the castle and its history to tell the story of "the pathetic, beautiful, undisciplined heroine Amy Robsart and the steely Elizabeth I". Although considered today as a less successful literary novel than some of his other historical works, it popularised Kenilworth Castle in the Victorian imagination as a romantic Elizabethan location. Kenilworth spawned "numerous stage adaptations and burlesques, at least eleven operas, popular redactions, and even a scene in a set of dioramas for home display", including Sir Arthur Sullivan's 1865 cantata The Masque at Kenilworth. J. M. W. Turner painted several watercolours of the castle.
The number of visitors increased, including Queen Victoria and Charles Dickens. Work was undertaken during the 19th century to protect the stonework from further decline, with particular efforts to remove ivy from the castle in the 1860s.


WikiWeb_Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex_3

In 2010, the center announced a US$100 million plan to house a retired Space Shuttle orbiter in a 10-story 64,000 sq ft (5,900 m²) facility. On April 12, 2011, the 30th anniversary of the launch of STS-1, NASA announced that Space Shuttle Atlantis would be provided to the visitors center for display after its last flight on STS-135 and subsequent decommissioning. The exhibit officially opened on June 29, 2013, offering a nearly 360° view of the shuttle. Atlantis is positioned at a 43.21° angle with the payload bay doors open; a view only previously seen in space.
The exhibit also includes a life sized replica of the Hubble Space Telescope, the Shuttle program's astrovan, Dr. Maxime Faget's Shuttle prototype from 1969, a large-scale slide mimicking the 22° slope of a Space Shuttle when landing, numerous astronaut training and Shuttle simulators, and other displays about life in space. On the ground level is the "Forever Remembered" exhibit, commemorating the 14 astronauts lost in both Space Shuttle Challenger and Space Shuttle Columbia disasters. "Forever Remembered" includes personal artifacts from the astronauts, two recovered pieces of the Shuttles, footage of the physical and emotional recovery, and the return to flight.
This exhibit replaced the Space Shuttle Explorer which was a full-scale, high-fidelity replica of the Space Shuttle which visitors were able to board. Explorer was removed from the KSC Visitor Center on December 11, 2011, and relocated to the Vehicle Assembly Building's turn basin dock adjacent to the Launch Complex 39 Press Site. The vehicle remained at the turn basin until 2012, when it was moved to the Space Center Houston.


Kensington High Street is served by bus routes 9, 23, 27, 28, 49, 52, 70, 328, 452, C1, night routes N9, N27, N28, N31 and Greenline routes 701 and 702. It is also served by High Street Kensington Underground station, on the Circle and District lines.


In 1685, Thomas Young, a woodcarver, acquired land in Kensington which he sought to develop, and as he later described it in 1701, "did sett out and appoint a considerable part thereof to be built into a large Square of large and substantial Houses fit for ye Habitacion of persons of good Worth and Quality, with Courts and Yards before and Gardens lying backwards".
In London, St. James's Square, Soho Square and Golden Square are a few years older, but in contrast with these Kensington Square still retains its residential character.


Since 1979, Kentwell Hall has presented Tudor period re-enactment events, portraying scenes of domestic Tudor life. The re-enactments involve up to 350 fully costumed volunteers on any given day and, at their peak in the mid 1990s, spanned a four-week period in June and July each year, with smaller events during the rest of the year. Events in 2020 were scaled back significantly because of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Re-enactors use Tudor speech patterns to converse with visitors to Kentwell Hall, which include large parties of schoolchildren. This involves first-person interpretation designed to create the impression that the visitor has stepped back in time to the 16th century. Each year is themed around a specific year in the Tudor period, with costumes and events designed accordingly.  Particularly significant Tudor years have been portrayed several times, such as 1520 (Field of the Cloth of Gold), 1535 (Dissolution of the Monasteries), 1553 (Lady Jane Grey) 1578 (visit of Queen Elizabeth I to Suffolk) and 1588 (the Spanish Armada).
Over the years, it is estimated that more than half a million schoolchildren from as far afield as Japan have visited Kentwell Hall to experience the Tudor recreations.


Keoladeo National Park is 2 km (1.2 mi) south-east of Bharatpur and 55 km (34 mi) west of Agra. It is spread over approx 29 km² (11 sq mi). One third of the Keoladeo National Park is wetland with mounds, dykes, and open water with or without submerged or emergent plants. The uplands have grasslands with tall grass species together with scattered trees and shrubs present in varying density.
A similar habitat with short grasses, such as Cynodon dactylon and Dichanthium annulatum also exists. Woodlands with thickets of huge Kadam trees (Neolamarckia cadamba) are distributed in scattered pockets. The park’s flora consists of 379 species of flowering plants of which 96 are wetland species. The wetland is a part of the Indo-Gangetic Great Plains.
Water remains only in some depressions. This alternate wetting and drying helps to maintain the ecology of the freshwater swamp, ideal for water-fowl and resident water birds. Arrangement to pump water from deep tube wells to fill small depressions to save seeds, spores and other aquatic life also exist. They are also helpful in extreme years of drought.


The Bombay Natural History Society(BNHS) has done considerable work in the area, including the ringing of birds for the last 40 years. The society has recently intensified its operations and has established a hydro-biological station to monitor the ecology of the wetland. Particular attention will be given to any in dramatic change in the vegetation following the ban on grazing. Limnological studies have been carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. The park authorities are monitoring the bird populations. A documentary film 'Indian birds of the monsoon' was produced by S. and B. Breeden in 1979–1980. The park has considerable potential for education, more so than other wetland sites in India, in view of it being relatively near to the cities of Agra, Delhi and Jaipur.
Between December 1992 and January 1995, a collaborative project between the Governments of India and Russia, International Crane Foundation and Wild Bird Society of Japan was set up to save the Siberian crane. The project focused on releasing captivity bred cranes into the wild, tracking migratory routes of common cranes, and building up the resident crane population in the park. Although the project did not yield the desired results, the successful survival of introduced cranes in the park has given sufficient hope to develop a viable resident population in the future.


Keselo (Georgian: კესელო) is a small medieval fortress just above the village of Omalo in Tusheti (historic geographic area in eastern Georgia). The site is surrounded by the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is bordered in the north by Republic of Chechnya and Dagestan, in the east by the Georgian historic provinces Kakheti and Pshav-Khevsureti to the south. The population of the area is mainly ethnic Georgians called Tush or Tushetians (Georgian: tushebi), However, there are some villages nearby which are populated by Daghestanis.


WikiWeb_Kesher Israel (Washington, D.C.)_1

In 1910, six local Jewish merchants organized the Georgetown Hebrew Benevolent Society, which began to conduct religious services above a storefront on M Street, NW. A year later, this kernel, now numbering 50 families, founded Kesher Israel Congregation, which thus became the seventh synagogue organized in the nation's capital. In 1915, the congregation acquired, renovated, and began to meet in a premises at 2801 N Street, NW. The current synagogue building, which was constructed in 1931 on that site with a construction budget of $28,000, is a contributing property to the Georgetown Historic District, a National Historic Landmark, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The synagogue also administers two congregational cemeteries, one in Anacostia and the other in Capitol Heights, Maryland.
Kesher Israel is the last of the city's original pre-war Orthodox synagogues located in walking distance of downtown Washington. Beginning in the 1950s, as the local Jewish community grew exponentially, all the others relocated uptown or to suburban Montgomery County, Maryland. This demographic trend, coupled with the passing of the founding generation, reduced Kesher Israel's membership in the 1960s to the point where it was difficult to ensure daily minyanim. The synagogue, however, experienced a renaissance beginning in the late 1970s, spurred by young urban professionals who were moving to Georgetown and nearby neighborhoods, including the West End, Foggy Bottom, Dupont Circle,  Burleith, and even those further afield like Adams-Morgan, Kalorama and Rosslyn, across Key Bridge in Arlington County, Virginia. Its current membership now stands at approximately 250 families and singles. Kesher Israel also attracts many students enrolled at nearby Georgetown University and George Washington University.
Following the signing of the Camp David Accords in September 1978, members of the Israeli delegation to the subsequent Blair House negotiations, including Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan and Defense Minister Ezer Weizman, attended Kol Nidre services at the synagogue.
Kesher Israel attracted national media attention during the 2000 U.S. presidential election when a member, Senator Joseph Lieberman, was selected as the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States.  When the Senate scheduled important votes on Shabbat, Lieberman walked nearly 3 miles (5 km) from the synagogue to the United States Capitol, a trek he made over 25 times during his Senate career.
Author Herman Wouk, who joined Kesher Israel upon relocating to Washington when he began to research his novels of World War II, called it "the best little shul in America" and "a haven of true Yiddishkeit at the center of the finest neighborhood in Washington." It was due to his long association with the community that Kesher Israel was commonly known in Washington as "Herman Wouk's synagogue." Wouk recalled Kesher Israel one last time in his final book and memoir, Sailor and Fiddler: Reflections of a 100-Year-Old Author (2015), stating that “The little old synagogue at one end of N Street was our kind of shul.”


Kew Bridge  is a wide-span bridge over the Tideway (upper estuary of the Thames) linking the London Boroughs of Richmond upon Thames and Hounslow. The present bridge, which was opened in 1903 as King Edward VII Bridge by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, was designed by John Wolfe-Barry and Cuthbert A Brereton. Historic England listed it at Grade II in 1983.


KeyBank Center hosted several professional wrestling events from both WCW and WWE. This included TV tapings of Monday Nitro, Raw is War, SmackDown, ECW, Superstars, Main Event, & NXT. In addition the venue hosted several pay-per-view events, including:
Fully Loaded (1999)
Fall Brawl (2000)
The Great American Bash (2005)
Armageddon (2008)
Night of Champions (2011)
Battleground (2013)


The stadium had many uses in the 1930s. In addition to track and field competitions, Kezar Stadium hosted motorcycle racing, auto racing, rugby, lacrosse, soccer, baseball, boxing, cricket, and football. In September 1932, the Australian Cricket Team played a North California all-star team in the Australians' 56-game tour of the U.S. and Canada. The stadium was also home to several colleges (Santa Clara, USF, St. Mary's), Lowell High School, and the now-defunct San Francisco Polytechnic High School. In 1926, the stadium also became the home of the East–West Shrine Game.


In 1967 it served as the home stadium for the San Francisco Golden Gate Gales of the United Soccer Association.
With the 2006 West Coast expansion of Major League Lacrosse, Kezar Stadium once again became a home to a professional team, the San Francisco Dragons. In October 2006, United Soccer Leagues (USL) and Spanish football club Deportivo Alavés announced that the new pro soccer team, named California Victory, would play their 2007 home games at Kezar. The Victory played in the USL's First Division, one level below Major League Soccer. However, Alaves later withdrew their support and the team folded.
Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory, a nearby Catholic high school uses the field for their home football games. Mission High School also uses the field for home games. Kezar has also been the host of several Northern California Semi-pro football championship games.
In 2010, 2011, and 2012, Stanford University held its spring football game at Kezar.  For the 2012 and 2016 San Francisco Olympic bids, Kezar was designated to host field hockey had San Francisco been chosen in either year.
From 2001 to present, Kezar has been the home field for San Francisco City FC, a supporter-owned club playing in USL Two.
In 2017, Kezar became the home field for the San Francisco Deltas, a professional soccer team playing in the North American Soccer League (NASL). The Deltas have contributed over $1-million in renovations to the stadium. However, Deltas announced that they would be concluding operations and the team folded.
In February 2018, San Francisco City FC announced they would return to Kezar Stadium for the 2018 PDL season.


The birth of Khadakwasla lake took place due to the severe droughts during the 19th century in East Pune that paralysed crop growth and prompted engineers to take up major irrigation works. Captain Fife RE of the British Army recommended a high level reservoir at Khadakwasla in 1863 and subsequently carried out detailed surveys and investigations. This man-made lake was therefore  named after him, Lake Fife. It was renamed Khadakwasla Lake shortly after independence. The work on one of the oldest masonry dams of India began in 1869 and was completed in 1879 at the cost of Rs. 65 lakhs (INR 6.5 million, then the equivalent of US$2 million and GB£600,000).Panshet Dam was nearing completion in July"12 July 1961 – Panshet: A day that changed Pune". 10 July 2011.</ref> designed essentially to regulate the supply of water to Khadakwasla Lake, in such a manner that the huge reservoir would have more than adequate water for the people of Poona (Pune). The reservoir is the source of water for the two canals referred to above that start at Khadakwasla. The right bank canal is 112 km (70 mi) long and irrigates about 45,000 hectares (170 sq mi) of land in Pune district and the villages around Haveli, Daund, Indapur and Baramati, while the left bank canal supplies drinking water to Pune, Kirkee and surrounds.
Panshet Dam was zoned at a height of 51 m (167 ft) with impervious central core outlet gates located in a trench of the left abutment; hoists were not fully installed when floods occurred at the site of construction. The reservoir had a capacity of 2.70 million cubic meters. Between 18 June – 12 July 1961, the recorded rainfall was 180.3 cm (71 in), stressing Panshet dam to its limits. The average rainfall for that period is 125–130 cm (49.2–51.2 in).
Khadakwasla Lake was already 90% full, with water flowing in freely from Varasgaon, besides the abundant rainfall. The people of Pune had no inkling of their fate. The rain caused such a rapid rise of the reservoir water level at Panshet that the new embankment could not adjust to the dangerous loading condition. Water rose at the rate of 9 m (30 ft) per day initially, and 24 m (79 ft) in 12 days. Due to incomplete rough outlet surface, the flow through was unsteady which caused pressure surges. Cracks were formed along the edges of the right angles to the axis of the dam causing a subsidence 9 m (30 ft) wide, leaving the crest of the dam 0.6 m (2.0 ft) above the reservoir level on 11 July. The failure was attributed to inadequate provision of the outlet facility during emergency. This caused the fateful collapse of the structure above the outlets.
Panshet Dam had been cleared for construction under the aegis of the Bombay State Irrigation Department. When the State split into Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960, Panshet Dam came under the supervision of Maharashtra State Irrigation Department. Mr. SM Bhalerao was the executive engineer in charge of Panshet dam, and Mr. MR Panse (both deceased), the plant engineer. They were running out of time, since this project was their first major assignment and the area of work hostile. Former secretary of the state irrigation department, Madhukar Deshmukh, who had worked as a deputy engineer at Panshet dam till late 1959, explained what actually went wrong. According to him, the dam was planned as a fully earthen one with a height of 61 m (200 ft). Given the nature of the dam, an outlet to the downstream Khadakwasla reservoir was created at its base. Deshmukh said, "Ideally, the arch of the conduit should have been made from RCC. However, in those days, steel was in short supply and we were forced to use concrete blocks instead." The force of the water was so great that it managed to dislodge the concrete blocks, which resulted in the earthen portion of the dam giving way. They had made a desperate appeal for help and manpower augmentation, and the Area Commander, Southern Command, Lieutenant-General Chaudhari reacted swiftly, keeping Commandant NDA, Rear Admiral BA Samson in the loop. Assistance was provided using a semi-prepared road from Peacock Bay, NDA to Panshet along the Mutha river/backwaters of Khadakwasla Lake and also via Mulshi Lake. Engineering officers from BEG, College Of Military Engineering (CME) and close to 3,000 personnel moved out just after sunset.
3,000 soldiers from the Bombay Engineer Group and Centre (BEG), the College of Military Engineering (CME) and other units were dispatched by HQ Southern Command, Pune, to help. They formed a human chain at Panshet Dam, as Army and commandeered civil trucks brought sandbags by the tens of thousands to shore up Panshet Dam. The engineers were certain the dam would collapse; they were praying that the Armed Forces personnel's aid would delay the inevitable to dawn, so that the people of Pune could be warned in time and those living on the banks of the rivers Mutha and Mula could be evacuated. Despite their best efforts, Panshet Dam caved in at 0330 hrs on 12 July 1961. Khadakwasla Dam was the last barrier. The dam stood firm till well past dawn, contributing to the safety of residents living downstream in the vicinity of the path of least resistance to the surging freestream water.
It took another four hours for Khadakwasla Dam to breach, causing devastating floods in Pune. A 120 m (390 ft) central section of the dam gave way. Word had been passed around the few people living on the swampy land next to the two canals early in the morning. The authorities started moving out the residents living near the riverside. Many residents fled to higher grounds, some all the way to the Parvati Hill. Apparently, All India Radio did not broadcast any warnings, and was playing a regular scheduled music program when the floods struck. The low-lying areas of the old city were almost completely submerged. Except for the rail bridge of the Sangam Bridges, two adjacent bridges built separately for rail and road traffic and Bund Garden Bridge, all other bridges were under water as well. Water rushed into the old ‘Peths’ and along Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana areas. For many hours, the high water levels persisted. Roughly speaking, Panshet water reservoir stores enough water for all of Pune's city needs today (today's needs are probably 8-10 times more than the requirements of the 1960s).
After the water receded fully, some three days later, the stench of the aftermath of flooding stayed on for nearly three months. A large number of people sold their land and houses at rock-bottom prices and moved away. Pune's development plans were put on hold till normalcy was achieved. Bhalerao and Panse were blamed for oversight and lack of common sense in not constructing a wide reinforced archway in the centre of the mudwork dam for water to flow through. The old riverside city landscape changed forever. New localities (such as Lokmanya Nagar, Gokhale Nagar, etc.) were set up to resettle some of the flood affected citizens. Most of the bridges were damaged and needed fixing and in some cases complete rebuilding.
The dam was later rebuilt over four years. In this period, residents of Pune and its suburbs had to face water rationing. While Pune city, Camp and Cantonment area were not too severely affected, people in Khadki (Kirkee), Dapodi, Bopodi, Phugewadi, Hadapsar, Shivajinagar and Deccan Gymkhana had limited water supply. At the National Defence Academy (NDA), Peacock Bay, the Naval cadets training section and the lakeside guest rooms were submerged. The view from the NDA Commandant's house, which overlooks the entire lake and dam, was distressing.


The Khaju Bridge (Persian: پل خواجو, Pol-e Xāju) is one of the historical bridges on the Zayanderud, the largest river of the Iranian Plateau, in Isfahan, Iran. Serving as both a bridge and a weir, it links the Khaju quarter on the north bank with the Zoroastrian quarter across the Zayanderud. It is located at the end of Kamal Ismail Street in Isfahan.
The bridge served a primary function as a building and a place for public meetings in the past. It has been described as the city's finest bridge.
Persian art historians and revivalists, Arthur Upham Pope and Phyllis Ackerman are interred in a mausoleum nearby.


WikiWeb_Kharkiv Korolenko State Scientific Library_1

Established in 1886 as Kharkiv Public Library. The founders of the library were: A. Ruhr, Professor A. Kirpichnikov, M.F. Sumtsov and others. Library kept on donations and charge readers for using books.
In the first year of operation of the library in the three wing of Nicholas Square (now Square. Constitution) readers served by five employees, the fund totaled 1 700 copies of publications. It published "The first public library catalog Kharkiv (H., 1886.-89s.). These directories published in 1913.
1889 – A format-serial arrangement of fund, which is used now.
1890 – on the outskirts of the city created the branch libraries for the workers.
1896 – In the tenth year of existence, the library fund totaled 41.6 thousand copies. Basis dokumentozabezpechennya were donations. "During the first ten years of 2 000 individuals and institutions received 39 806 volumes ... The average postupalo 4 000 volumes per year (Bagaley DI, Miller DP history of Kharkiv on 250 years of its existence (1655–1905) . V.2 .- H., 1993. – S.754).. Daruvalysya separate edition and library goals. Particularly well-known Russian writer GP Danilevskim (over 3 thousand copies.), A prominent lawyer KN Annenkov (1.7 thousand copies.) Doctor VI Pora-Kosice (1.8 thousand copies.). The bulk of the collections from their own libraries gave also known philologist-slovist OO Potebnya, Professor V. Dobrotvorskyy, PI Sokal, writer I. Aksakov, and many other important personalities.
1898 – started a general alphabetical directory for the Prussian system of book description.
1901 – Moving to a new building (now Lane. Korolenko, 18). The building made by architect Alexei Beketov. His father was a member of the board of the library and son got for his development of the honorary title of academician of architecture. Started issuing readers free subscribers (teachers in primary schools and colleges, students, exchange students and others. Category).
1903 – became the first public library opens knyhozbiren country music department (for example the Paris Library), Department of Manuscripts and autographs (at the initiative of chairman DI Bahaliya), Department Yudaica, which focuses on Jewish literature. Bezpretsendentnym phenomenon was the discovery of library (on the initiative of Ljubow Chawkina). Formed a unique content of document library fund. Becomes more active work to identify, study and promotion of best library experience, including foreign, expand international relations. HHB foreign partners are renowned library institutions and organizations of the United States (Library of Congress, the New York Public Library, the library of New York at Albany, the Public Library in Manchester Public Library. Krera in Chicago), Great Britain (British Library, library offices in London, Klerkenvilska Library), France (National Library in Paris), the International Bibliographic Institute in Bryuselli and libraries in Germany, Austria, Japan and other countries.
1904 – The third from the entrance of Russian workers with technical and vocational education (St. Petersburg, January) spivpratsivnytsya library LB Havkina advance library education project.
1905 – The Library took part in the World Exhibition in Liège (Belgium) and was awarded an honorary diploma. Displayed at the exhibition book LB Havkinoyi the Library their organization and Technology (St. Petersburg, 1904) won a gold medal.
1906 – At the initiative of the Library Board GM DI Abramov and Bahaliya opens the Ukrainian team. He had no analogs in the whole country. Among the main activities of the Ukrainian commission, which guided his work have been to provide funds for acquisition of publications about the history, economy, and culture of Ukraine, works of Ukrainian writers, regional instruments bibliohrafuvannya these materials and so on. In different years within the Ukrainian commission were M. Mikhnovskyy, first chairman, passionate warriors for the national idea, the author of a popular political treatise "Independent Ukraine", D. Bagaley, H. Alchevsk, S. Dremtsov, O. Gabel known writer Mr. Hotkevich, who was chairman of the commission in 1914, and other famous figures of Ukrainian culture.
1910 – Thanks to the efforts and anxieties of the Commission and Member of Ukrainian-Ukrainian, Kharkiv City Council before 50th anniversary of the death of TG Shevchenko decided: "donate Kharkiv Public Library 300 rubles once – and 50 rubles annually – to the Ukrainian division, so that it was dedicated to the memory of the great Ukrainian poet. Since this unit was called the "Ukrainian Department of Taras Shevchenko (it existed until 1916).
1911 – 25 years of HHB. The number of fund, which amounted to 142 thousand copies., The library is in third place among the "provincial" public libraries of the Russian Empire in terms of books issued to readers – last place after the Imperial Public Library. Library participated in the 1st All-Russian Congress of librarians.
1912 – ongoing print "catalog of books in Ukrainian Kharkiv public library" (H., 1912.-98s.) Prepared by Paul Makrousom. It was the first Ukrainian language bibliographic guide devoted to the Ukrainian book in the library.
1916 – Opens a children's department. It serves children from 4 years to 14 years and subsequently transformed into one of the leading libraries of the country.
1917 – After the revolution of the Public library gets new content. Subordinated to the new demands, it fully supports the educational movement, becoming one of the branches of ideological activity.
1918 – organized "Friends of books (children's department at the library)
1920 – The library becomes a public institution of culture (according to the decree on the nationalization of Kharkiv hubvykonkomu libraries) and is subject Holovpolitprosviti Commissariat (from December). Established consulting division, headed by Borys Borovych, outstanding bibliotekoznavets, knyhoznavets, teacher. Department quickly gaining popularity as a cultural, informational and scientific-methodical center.
1921- Acquired designation of state library and became a national depository
1922 – The library was named after Ukrainian Russian-speaking writer Vladimir Korolenko. Stav receive free copy of that issued in RFSR.
1923 – Borys Borovych participates in first meeting of the All-Ukrainian Workers book. Arrange peresuvok network in the business of Kharkiv and in the suburbs.
1924 – Established a reading room newspapers and magazines. BA Borovichi I participate in the All-Russian Conferences (Moscow).
1925 – With the change of zoning in the country, the Library becomes the circle, the center of technical support for the library network of the Kharkiv region. It creates new units: department of literature in foreign languages and literature department of languages of the USSR. Restored after a long break ties with the libraries of America, Germany, Austria and other countries. Developing an international book exchange. Library employees are invited to the International Congress of librarians and friends of the book (Prague, June) and a conference on the 50 th anniversary of the American Library Association (Philadelphia, October). At the invitation Ukrholovnauky BA Borovichi speaking a presentation at the first Conference of Research Library of Ukraine (Kyiv, December).
1926 – Construction of the First All-Ukrainian Congress of library workers (Kharkiv, June). He was at the library. Borys Borovych invited to the Second All-Russian Conferences (Leningrad, October).
1928 – A division Ukrainika, which continued the tradition of Ukrainian liquidated. Olga is headed his Bagaley.
1929 – After entering the USSR unified national system of mandatory copy. Library-Union began to receive a copy (of the eight Republican Book Chamber) and the local binding instance (from the printing company in Kharkiv).
1930 – The high level of activity and contribution to the development of library science, education, culture, Commissariat Ukraine determines its status as a state research. Since it is called Kharkiv State Scientific Library. Korolenko. Begins a new stage of scientific "biography" institution.
1932 – On the basis disbanded advisory department, headed by BA Borovichi (for "socially harmful", he was arrested and died in Stalin HUTABI), established scientific-methodical department. The library was required to receive the Republican printed copy.
1933 – Organized the new units: sectors of the media and Interlibrary subscriber (MBA).
1934 – HDNB given functions of the regional library.
1936 – Children's Department receives a separate room and reorganized in a branch for children and youth.
1937 – Library logged vnutrishnosoyuznoho book exchange. Exchange Fund totaled 6 000 copies.
1940 – Organized research and bibliography section, based on scientific methodology, and department of rare books and manuscripts.
1941–1943 – During the German Nazi occupation of Kharkiv was destroyed and plundered more than 600 thousand of valuable publications, among them the rarest ancient Ukrainian 17th–18th century; Lifetime editions of classic works of world literature, a collection of geographical maps XYIII-XX (over 10 thousand copies.) Scientific and technical publications; a unique collection of books for children and young people (about 95 thousand . ca.), which included publication of the 19th century works of Jewish scholars and writers. Removed unique systematic catalog (he totaled more than 1.2 million cards). Through efforts by MI Rumnytskoyi, director, LV Anokhin, L. Wolf, O. Gavrilova, EV Dolinskyi, GD Klyavynoyi, T. Malets, EA Martin, A. N. Omelchenko, EP Panchenko, NI Radchenko, N. Rozalon, AF Samarin, SN Stavrovsky and other library employees and residents city, most of the fund managed to survive. Information loss HDNB during occupation regime are among the materials indictment at Nuremberg Trial 1945–1946 biennium
1944 – Library began to receive free compulsory destination printed copy, which was intended to restore the book fund.
1949 – Under the new order of acquisition of the leading libraries of the country required a specimen approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR, HDNB began to receive two copies of paid mandatory: All-Union (with the central reservoir of scientific libraries) and republican (with the Kiev regional collector).
1951 – Updated receipts of Union obov'zkovoho free printed copy of the All-Union Book Chamber (which ceased in 1960)
1956 – Open Patent office (converted in 1969 at the Department of Technical Literature).
1964 – According to Decree of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine (from the 7/11/1964 City) Library was to serve as Republican methodical center (on promotion of technical literature) and zonal (providing technical assistance in various areas of libraries, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Luhansk, Sumy and Kharkiv regions). Organized and conducted a workshop on the Republican staff and Interlibrary Distance subscription regional libraries of the USSR. A meeting of directors of the regional libraries of the East of Ukraine, which dealt with technical activities, etc.
1965 – Organized the Republican seminar reading rooms, meeting heads of regional and central city libraries.
1969 – On the basis of sector interlibrary loans department established MBA.
1971 – Library is a regional center for interlibrary loans to libraries, Poltava, Sumy and Kharkiv regions.
1975 – creates the department of research. Research (Union, national, regional and local) is one of the main directions of scientific activity. The library was to serve as a universal inter-depository account (for libraries, Poltava, Sumy and Kharkiv regions).
1977 – On the basis of scientific and bibliographic department formed two independent business units: information and bibliographic and bibliographic research, which was coordinating and methodological center of the republic up of bibliographic aids for technical and economic issues.
1979 – Organized department of local history. Activity begins, "the club of local lore."
1986 – On the occasion of 100 anniversary of the library, in Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre a solemn assembly. It first published research supporting bibliographic index of the library books and literature on its activities "Kharkiv научная the State Library of them. Korolenko. 1886–1986.
1988 – disbanded fund literature special storage. Viewers have access to 45 thousand banned earlier editions – the works of famous scientists, writers, public figures and others.
1990 – Violent socio-economic and economic changes inherent in the development of the Ukrainian state, led to a comprehensive analysis of experience of work and actively seeking optimal ways for further development. Team motto is: "Tradition + Innovation. Search job direct link to the new intellectual achievements in scientific, cultural, educational, informational activities. Expanding international cultural relations. Dispose of innovation in organizational structure.
1990 – A division of library automation and bibliographic processes. Started a development program of automated information and bibliographic library system.
1992 – The library held Republican Interdepartmental Scientific Conference "scientific libraries: Status and Prospects", which was attended by about 300 delegates (from libraries of different regions of the country and abroad, cultural institutions, public library associations and other institutions) .
1993 – The restored activity of the Ukrainian Division. Based on the work of local history, the department launched Ukrainika multifaceted scientific, cultural, educational and outreach activities in the direction of Ukrainian and regional studies, with the revival of national culture, etc.. Began to be issued Series "Returned Names". Since then print out the bibliographic manuals devoted to Ivan Padaltsi, Vasil Chechvyanskomu, Khvylovy, Gnat Hotkevich, Kulish, Olesya Dosvitnii and other public figures, writers, artists and art. Department Ukrainika was the winner of the Republican Prize. D. Yavornitskogo for his significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian regional studies. A regional interagency scientific conference "History of libraries in Ukraine." On the eve of 90 anniversary of establishment of library arranged library reading room (with scientific methodology section). Begins focused and mediated formation of document and information resources of this subsection, various documents on the history, theory and practice of librarianship.
1995 – In this year Valentyna Rakytianska became the director of the library. As part of a bilateral agreement with the Association "Canadian Friends of Ukraine in the Library opened Ukrainian-Canadian library. Employees attended the 61st session of the IFLA in Istanbul, the international conference "Libraries and Associations in a changing world: new technologies and new forms of cooperation" (Evpatoria, Crimea), the inaugural conference of Ukrainian libraries Association (Kyiv), the international seminar "Restovratsiya and book conservation funds" (Kyiv). There were employees training in libraries in Austria, Germany and the United States. Open primary cell Ukrainian Library Association (UCA). The library became a member of the nationwide survey "Ukrainian book in the library collections and museums in Ukraine (1574–1923 biennium), which prepared the consolidated printed catalog of Ukrainian books. According to the results of this study has produced 5 issues. bibliographic index "Books Ukrainian language in the funds HDNB them. Korolenko, which reflected a total of over 4 thousand Ukrainian language publications that came out in print worldwide. Head. Department Ukrainika Valentina Yaroshik awarded the honorary title of Honored Worker of Ukraine for a significant contribution to local history matter.
1996 – On the occasion of 110th anniversary, the Library held a scientific conference and it began publishing collections of scientific papers. By arrangement with the Institute of Eastern and South-East Slavs (Austria) opened the Austrian library. By bilateral agreement with the Goethe Institute (Munich, Germany), established German reading room.
1997 – The library joined the few institutions in the country (there are eight) who were receiving scientific publications according to Decree of the Presidium of HAC of Ukraine "On approval of lists of institutions, which must be sent scientific publications (and monographs), which can show the main results of dissertations. Within the project of the American Foundation IREX made connecting libraries to the Internet.
1998 – Due to a bilateral agreement with the Council of Europe in HDNB Open Document Library Council of Europe human rights. A first regional interagency scientific conference "Korolenkovski reading, which was summarized scientific development of Kharkiv in librarianship.
2022 – The building is damaged by Russian shelling during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Each year the library receives 250 thousand units (up to 1917 received 5 thousand). The library saved 25 thousand rare books: lifetime editions of works of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, ages 15–18 books in foreign languages and the languages of the USSR, among them: "The Apostle", printed by Ivan Fedorov in 1574, "Anfolohion" print. Kyiv Cave. Lavrov, 1619; Shevchenko T. "Haydamaky, SPB, 1841, AS Pushkin and Taras Shevchenko," New Poems ", Leyytsih, 1859. The library is a Republican and educational kult. n.-d. institution in the field of library science and bibliography. In addition to 30 thousand regular readers, the library serves a large number of reader correspondence and mizhbibl. subscribe. Library conducts n.-d. work, methodological issues and bibliographic materials.


After the true Capernaum synagogue was discovered in 1904, de:Andreas Evaristus Mader (1881-1949), an archaeologist and Salvatorian patre, conducted exploratory excavations at the ruin and its environments on behalf of the Görres Society in 1911-4 and again in 1931. Identifying a large square structure with outer walls and corner towers, he thought it to be a Roman fort or castrum.
This was corrected by further work by Alfons Maria Schneider and Oswin Puttrich-Reignard in 1932-9. The outbreak of World War II terminated German archaeological work in Palestine. At that point, Schneider and Puttrich-Reignard had excavated about half of the palace and published some of their findings. By 1937, they had uncovered the mosque and it had become obvious that the building was an early Islamic palace. The findings were evenly distributed between the Museum für Islamische Kunst at Berlin and the Palestine Archaeological Museum in Jerusalem (today the Rockefeller Museum). Whilst most of the findings left in Palestine have today been lost, the Berlin pieces remain in the care of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, and some of them are exhibited in the museum's permanent exhibition. The notes and drawings from the excavations are likewise kept in Berlin and have been the subject of recent studies by archaeologists from the universities of Berlin and Bamberg.


The building is constructed of finely dressed limestone blocks laid in regular courses with a lower course of black basalt stones. The mosque had a simple decoration, but the domed gateway chamber and the southern rooms were richly decorated. The top of the walls were decorated with large stepped merlons and the interior was decorated with a variety of glass and stone mosaics. Marble panels covered the dadoes of the walls and stone mosaics combined with glass cubes were set in geometric carpet-like patterns on the floors of the five southern rooms. A well-preserved floor mosaic has been discovered in the western part of the palace. Based on the foundations of the gate house, parts of the palace were at least 15 metres high.


Khirbet Qeiyafa (Arabic: خربة قيافة), also known as Elah Fortress and in Hebrew as Horbat Qayafa (Hebrew: חורבת קייאפה), is the site of an ancient fortress city overlooking the Elah Valley and dated to the first half of the 10th century BCE. The ruins of the fortress were uncovered in 2007, near the Israeli city of Beit Shemesh, 30 km (20 mi) from  Jerusalem. It covers nearly 2.5 ha (6 acres) and is encircled by a 700-meter-long (2,300 ft) city wall constructed of stones weighing up to eight tons each. Excavations at site continued in subsequent years. A number of archaeologists, mainly the two excavators, Yosef Garfinkel and Saar Ganor, have claimed that it might be one of two biblical cities, either Sha'arayim, whose name they interpret as "Two Gates", because of the two gates discovered on the site, or Neta'im; and that the large structure at the center is an administrative building dating to the reign of King David, where he might have lodged at some point. This is based on their conclusions that the site dates to the early Iron IIA, ca. 1025–975 BCE, a range which includes the biblical date for the biblical Kingdom of David. Others suggest it might represent either a North Israelite, Philistine, or Canaanite fortress, a claim rejected by the archaeological team that excavated the site. The team's conclusion that Khirbet Qeiyafa was a fortress of King David has been criticised by some scholars.


Discoveries at Khirbet Qeiyafa are significant to the debate on archaeological evidence and historicity of the biblical account of the United Monarchy at the beginning of Iron Age II. Nadav Na’aman and Ido Koch held that the ruins were Canaanite, based on strong similarities with the nearby Canaanite excavations at Beit Shemesh. Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin, maintained that the site shows affiliations with a North Israelite entity aaying that "There is no evidence for arguing that Jerusalem, Hebron and Khirbet Qeiyafa were the main centres of 10th century Judah... Between the two possibilities for the
territorial afiliation of Khirbet Qeiyafa with a highlands polity — Judah or an early north Israelite entity — the latter seems to us the more attractive one. . In 2015 Finkelstein and Piasetsky specifically criticised the previous statistical treatment of radio-carbon dating at Khirbet Qeiyafa and also whether it was prudent to ignore results from neighboring sites.
Archeologists, Yosef Garfinkel, Mitka R. Golub, Haggai Misgav, and Saar Ganor rejected in 2019 the possibility that Khirbet Qeiyafa could be associated with the Philistines. They wrote: "The idea that in this chronological phase the knowledge of writing should be associated with the Philistine city state of Gath can now be rejected. While the various sites in Judah present an impressive assemblage of inscriptions, all we have from the intensive twenty-year excavations at Tell es-Safi (Gath) is one poorly executed inscription of seven letters. Indeed, the city state of Gath, like all other Philistine city states (Ashkelon, Ashdod, Eqron) and all the Canaanite Late Bronze Age city states, managed their administration without the use of writing. On the other hand, the rise of a nation state required the intensification of social, administrative and economic networks and increased the need for communication".


The site consists of a lower city of about 10 hectares and an upper city of about 3 hectares (7.4 acres) surrounded by a massive defensive wall ranging from 2–4 metres (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) tall. The walls are built in the same manner as the walls of Hazor and Gezer, formed by a casemate (a pair of walls with a chamber in between).
At the center of the upper city is a large rectangular enclosure with spacious rooms on the south, equivalent to similar enclosures found at royal cities such as Samaria, Lachish, and Ramat Rachel.
On the southern slope, outside the city, there are Iron Age rock-cut tombs.
The site, according to Garfinkel, has "a town plan characteristic of the Kingdom of Judah that is also known from other sites, e.g., Beit Shemesh, Tell en-Nasbeh, Tell Beit Mirsim and Beersheba. A casemate wall was built at all of these sites and the city’s houses next to it incorporated the casemates as one of the dwelling's rooms. This model is not known from any Canaanite, Philistine or Kingdom of Israel site."
The site is massively fortified, "including the use of stones that weigh up to eight tons apiece."


"In the Valley of David and Goliath."  A special exhibition at the Bible Lands Museum in 2016 - 2017.


Khan-i-Jahan Junaan Telangani and Feroz Shah Tughlaq were intensely committed towards building architectural monuments. Together, they planned and built several tombs, forts and mosques. Telangani in particular, was credited with building seven monuments of unique designs.
Constructed in the Jahapanah city, it is a novel cross–axial mosque in Tughluqian architectural style. There are no specific inscriptions on the Mosque on its construction date, though the name of the builder is inscribed on the eastern gate of the Mosque as 'Khan-e-Jahan Junaan Shah'. Therefore, in the absence of "epigraphic and literary" evidence (though one recent web reference mentions 1375 and another 1380) for its provenance, a research study has been provided by Welch and Howard in their paper titled "The Tughluqs: Master Builders of the Delhi Sultanate". The study has conjectured the year of building by comparing with many other large monuments of this period. It is dated between 1351 and 1354 when Feroz Shah Tughlaq, during his stay in Jahapanah, ordered this mosque to be built as "his pious inaugural contribution to the Capital". It is approached from the Khirki village in South Delhi and close to the Satpula or the seven arched bridge on the edge of southern wall of Jahapanah (the fourth city of Medieval Delhi), was mosque built by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah, the Prime Minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.[1] The word 'Khirki' prefixed to mosque is an Urdu word that means "window" and hence is also called "The Mosque of Windows".


The Khooni Darwaza (Bloody Gate) is first found by name in literature after three princes of the Mughal dynasty - Bahadur Shah Zafar's sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sultan and grandson Mirza Abu Bakht, were shot by a British officer, Major William Hodson, on 22 September 1857 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the Indian Mutiny of 1857 or the First war of independence. Hodson obtained the surrender of the Emperor, and the next day asked for an unconditional surrender from the three princes at Humayun's Tomb. Hodson arrested about 16 members of the Emperor's family and was transporting them from Humayun's Tomb in a bullock cart accompanied by a detachment of 100 "sowars" (Indian cavalrymen in the British service). On reaching this gate, he was stopped and surrounded by thousands of Muslims, with white cloth tied on their foreheads (a symbol for the shroud) Jehadis or Ghazis. Hodson later recalled, "I was surrounded on all sides by Ghazis as far as my eyes could see." It is said that Hodson ordered the three to get down at the spot, stripped them naked and shot them dead at point blank range. The bodies were then taken away and put up for public display for three days in front of a Kotwali near Chandni Chowk.
The Khooni Darwaza was an archway at the time of the revolt of 1857 and not a gate in the traditional sense. It is often mistaken for the original Kabuli Gate of Old Delhi.


The reserve's geology is rugged and has a typical mountain range, encompassing a dense network of main and branch ridges, high plateaus and deep canyons towered by volcanic shield massifs and peaks. There are traces of past tectonic activity of various faults and fractures. The rocks, volcanic deposits and igneous intrusions dates back to the Cretaceous and pre-Oligocene periods. The dominating rocks are Quaternary fragmental debris and effusive. Due to the hot weather and impact of water, there is an intense eolian process that has shaped the numerous natural geological figures and most slopes are steep, with declivity exceeding 30°. Middle elevations of the belt are 1500–2300m above sea level covers about half of the territory of the reserve representing highly rough terrain composed of fold and detrital ridges. A low elevation of the belt below 1500 m is marked by vast areas of badlands.


The climate of the reserve is quite diverse mainly due to ranging altitudes above sea level.
Dry continental climate covers the areas that are in the Ararat concavity foothill zone and are 900–1300 m high above sea level. Average annual precipitation here is 350–450 mm.
Winters are relatively mild (without stable snow cover every year). The average temperature in January is −4-5 °C. The lowest temperature reaches −25 °C.
Spring is short, relatively wet. Since the second decade of May the air temperature strongly increases above 15 °C and dry and hot summer begins.
Summer is long and often accompanied by drought conditions. Maximum temperatures are in July and August and reach up to 38 °C.Winds are typical for the second half of the day in summer months blowing from Geghama mountains.
Moderately warm, dry and temperate climate zone covers the territories the altitudes of which are ranging from 1400m to 200m above sea level. Annual average rainfall/precipitations is 500-600mm, the numbers of non freezing days is about 200 days.
Stable snow cover is specific for winter months. The snow cover usually appears from mid November and disappears in mid March. The average temperature of January is −5-7 °C. According to long term researches the absolute minimum decreases till −30 °C.
Spring is long and full of precipitation. There is frequent night freezing.
Summer is relatively hot and dry, and is distinguished with prevailing sunny days. The maximum temperature is in July and August and reaches up to 34 °C,
Autumn is relatively warm. There is often rainfall during first decade of October, while during the first decade of November there is often snowfall.
Moderately cold climatic zone covers the territories the altitudes of which are from 2000m to 2500m above sea level. Annual average precipitation is up to 800mm and the number of non freezing days is about 90–120 days.


The landscape variety of Khosrov Forest State Reserve are due to the difficult mountainous relief, steep zoning and peculiarities of soil-climate conditions. They from landscape types from semi-desert to mountainous and alpine meadows.
True and sparse forests occupy 16 per cent of the reserve, open grasslands 20 per cent of the reserve and rock-dwelling xerophilous. communities cover 64 per cent of the reserve.
Semi-desert types of landscapes are spread at 900to 1250m above sea level at the foot of the mountain ranges. Dry steppes occupy the middle sections of mountainous zone (at 1250 to 2500 m above sea level), where one can meet/find eastern oak forest from 1600m, and juniper sparse forest at 1500to 2100 m above the sea level.
One can also meet Euonymus europaeus, Sorbus aucuparia and Lonicera caucasica in separate islets or with mixed symbioses.
Mountain-steppe and mountain-meadow landscapes are spread at 2500 m above sea level in the reserve area; they are transferred into sub-alpian and alpian meadows in the high mountain zone.


On the territory of the reserve, making only 1% of the whole territory of Armenia the flora numbers 1849 species of high vascular plants from 588 genera and 107 families, which makes more than the half of the flora of Armenia (more than 3,800 species total) and about one-third of the wealth of the Caucasus flora (about 6,000 species total). The rich flora are a mixture of endemic, rare and endangered species.
More than 80 species occurring on the reserve territory are registered in the Red Data Book of Armenia such as Adianthum capillus-veneris L., Amberboa sosnovskyi Iljin, Centaurea erivanensis (Lipsky) Bordz., Scorzonera szovitzii Grossh, Steptorhamphus persicus (Boiss.) O. & B. Fedtsch, Gypsophila aretioides Boiss, Minuartia sclerantha (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Thell, Silene arenosa K. Koch, Silene meyeri Fenzl ex Boiss. & Buhse, Salsola tamamschjanae Iljin, Astragalus amblolepis Fisch. ex Hohen, Astragalus basianicus Boiss. & Hausskn, Astragalus grammocalyx Boiss & Hohen, Crataegus pontica K. Koch, as well as many species of pear. Out of 144 endemic species known from Armenia 24 occur in the reserve, including Aphanopleura trachysperma Boiss, Centaurea vavilovii Takht. & Gabrielian, Steptorhamphus czerepanovii Kirp, Tomanthea daralaghezica (Fomin) Takht, Crambe armena N.Busch, Astragalus holophyllus Boriss, Astragalus massalskyi Grossh, Pyrus theodorovi Mulk, Pyrus chosrovica and others.
On the foothills and low mountainous zone of Yeranos and Yerakh mountains adjacent to Ararat valley at the altitudes from 800 to 1200–1300 and sometimes up to 1400 m the semi-desert: wormwood (Artemisia fragrans), saltwort (Salsola ericoides, S. dendroides), Centaurea erivanensis, Krascheninnikovia, Salvia, buckthorn, Atraphaxis, caper, Trifolium, Cousinia, Mullein, poppy (Papaver) and other genera.
At the upper part of semi-desert zone there are rocky and stony slopes consisting of sedimentary limestone and chalky clay. These mountainous slopes, destroyed by wind erosion, are called "skeletal mountains". They are the habitat of dry Mediterranean type of vegetation, which is a gem of the reserve. The southern mountainous slopes covered by rocky massifs at the altitudes of 1400–1700 m are covered by Armenian Iranian phrygana (which means "dry" in Greek) with its many varieties.
This Mediterranean, more specifically typical Balkan type of vegetation is characterized as dry, short, deselly branched and often thorny bush association. In the reserve it consists of different species, such as Amygdalus fenzliana, cherry (Cerasus), buckthorn (Rhamnus pallasii), spiraea and pear (Pyrus). Together with the mentioned main species sometimes the species hackberry (Celtis glabrata), Pistacia atlantica (Pistacia mutica), rhus (Rhus coriaria), ephedra (Ephedraceae) and others occur. The bushes grow either alone or in groups, but never make homogeneous cover.
Mountain steppes, arid sparse forests and oak forests are represented in the middle mountain zone 1400–2200 m above sea level.
Tertiary relict juniper and oak forests are located in the forest zone, which are rather dense in Khosrov and Khachadzor districts of the reserve.
There are three species of juniper in the reserve: Juniper communis, Juniper polycarpous and Juniper oblonga.
Juniper sparse forest occupy not big areas where Juniper polycarpous dominate. Usually juniper is accompanied by Georgian maple (Acer ibericum), iguana hackberry (Celtis glabrata), Fenzl's almond (Amygdalus fenzliana), Rhamnus, Georgian honeysuckle (Lonicera iberica), wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), mastic tree (Pistaca mutica), pear (Pyrus), rowan (Sorbus). The southern steep sunny and dry slopes are covered by juniper sparse forests.
Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera) forests can be found at an altitude of 1600–2300 m above sea level, which are rather dense in Khosrov district of the reserve known as "Trchnaberd". Oak forests are accompanied by ash (Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus rotundifolia), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), pear (Pyrus), maple (Acer) and others. Bushes are abundant in the forests, represented by different species of wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), honeysuckle (Lonicera), rose (Rosa), hawthorn (Crataegus). The vegetation in the forests is rich in grass (family Poaceae L.).
Mountainous steppes are rather heterogenous with different formations named by the name of dominant plant species. Thus, in stipa steppe different species of stipa (Stipa pulcherima K. Koch, S. capillata L., S. tirsa Steven and others) are dominant and in fescue steppe – different species of fescue (Festuca L.). In grass-forb steppe grasses (Poaceae L.) including species of junegrass (Koeleria Pers), timothy (Phleum L.) and others dominate. In forb steppe other than Poaceae species, especially the species of catmint (Nepeta L.), alfalfa (Medicago L.), trifolium (Trifolium L.) and others dominate.
There are many polster plants in the reserve, which usually dominate in tragacanth steppes: milkvetch (Astragalus microcephalus, Astragalus lagurus), sainfoin (Onobrychis cornuta), prangos (Prangos ferulavea) and others.
Meadow vegetation covers the altitudes from 2100–2200 up to 2600–2800 m. In some places (upper streams of the rivers Mankuk and Khosrov) this vegetation is rather high and includes genera of different families with meadow species of family Poaceae such as timothy-grass (Phleum pratense L.), bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum L.) and others.
Tugai (desert, river valley) vegetation is distributed along the river banks where the following species grow: ash (Fraxinus), aspen (Populus), willow (Salix), Elaeagnus, tamarisk (Tamarix) and others.


Khotiv hillfort has the status of an archaeological monument since 1965, given by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1979, Kyiv City Council pronounced it one of archaeological reserves of Kyiv. In 2001, Government of Ukraine included the hillfort in the State registry of immovable monuments of Ukraine as an archaeological monument of national significance. In 2009, this status was confirmed by a new governmental resolution.
Boundaries of the Archaeological reserve "Khotiv hillfort in the borders of fortification of Scythian times" were specified by Kyiv City Council in 1979 and confirmed by Kyiv City State Administration in 2002. These boundaries embraced the plateau with the fortification and adjacent slopes with total area of 48 ha.
In 2007, Institute of monument protection research of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine made documentation for the archaeological monument where its area was restricted to 16.49 ha in central and western parts of the plateau. All the fortifications were excluded from the monument area. Approximately the same borders are stated in the development plan of Khotiv.
In 2008, Khotiv village council transferred part of the land excluded from the monument to the possession of 5 building cooperatives for free. They received northeastern part of the hillfort (including all the eastern rampart with the scarp) and adjacent slope with total area 13 ha. After several years of splitting and resale, the land passed into the ownership of businessmen Victor Polishchuk, Liliya Rizva and Yuri Kosiuk. Parts of the hillfort which are in the possession of the former two owners are still intact, while Kosiuk's land became the site of an active building works.
The building on the hillfort began in 2009. Initially its customer was unknown, and an information board on the building site announced construction of a new entrance to Feofaniya Park. Gradually, a luxurious palace surrounded by terraces appeared there. As of 2016, the northern part of the hillfort (one of the richest in remains of ancient buildings and enclosed with the highest rampart), including its fortification, and the landscape of adjacent areas was demolished. According to Yuri Kosiuk, "the building which is built is built in a chasm, and it has nothing to do with the hillfort".
Changes occurred in the other parts of the hillfort as well. As of 2015, all the eastern part of the plateau was marked as a land intended for building in the Public cadastre map of Ukraine. Many new privatized and leased land parcels appeared in the western and southeastern parts.
In 2010–2012, a road stretched over all the southern part of the plateau. In the development plan of Khotiv, southern side of this road (named Parkova Street) is also intended for building. Several big erosion zones in the southern part and a small ravine in the eastern end of the hillfort were buried with soil. This ravine, according to Ye. F. Pokrovska, head of the first archaeological exploration of the hillfort, could be an ancient entrance.
In 2013, Institute of monument protection research of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine made new documentation of Khotiv hillfort, approved by the Ministry same year. This document describes an archaeological reserve (with the same area as the archaeological monument on the 2007 scheme), an archaeological monument (approximately twice bigger, including all the plateau) and its protection zone (100–500 m wide). The palace was marked as a "dissonant building".
In 2016, Institute of Archaeology of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences prepared one more documentation of the hillfort, where protected area includes almost 20 ha. It comprises the 16.5 ha from 2007 scheme plus the western border of the plateau with the rampart and scarp. Additionally, part of a buried erosion zone is included. In the same year, new borders were approved by Khotiv village council and marked by red concrete pillars. Three stones with commemorative plaques and an information board were installed on the hillfort as well. Area of the archaeological monument stated on the board is 18.3 ha, and area of its protection zone (a strip along its western edge) is 1.04 ha. It excludes all the northern, southern and eastern parts of the hillfort (the latter still having a well-preserved rampart and scarp). The rest of the hillfort is planned for museumification.


The Pakistani side features the highest ATM in the world, administered by the National Bank of Pakistan and 1LINK.


Kiburi-ji (来振寺) is a Buddhist temple in Ōno, Gifu Prefecture belonging to the Chisan sect of Shingon Buddhism. The temple claims to have been founded as the Hossō sect temple of  Shinpuku-ji by the wandering priest Gyōki in 715 AD. It was burned down by Oda Nobunaga in 1560 and subsequently rebuilt with the support of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Toda clan of Ōgaki Domain during the Edo period.
The temple possess a Heian period set of five scroll painting depicting the five Myō-ō (Fudō Myō-ō, Gōzanze Myō-ō, Gundari Myō-ō, Daiitoku Myō-ō, and Ususama Myō-ō which is a National Treasure of Japan.


Kīlauea Point, a narrow, lava peninsula protruding from the northern shore of Kauaʻi, was purchased from the Kīlauea Sugar Plantation Company in 1909 for one US dollar.
Before construction could begin, a method for delivering supplies to the point had to be developed. Due to the lack of good roads from the Nawiliwili harbor, the decision was made to bring the materials in by sea.
The lighthouse tender Kukui would anchor offshore and then dispatch small boats with supplies to a cove near the point. Since there was no beach landing, the boats would anchor to cleats cemented into the lava rocks at the point. A boom derrick, constructed on a ledge above the water, would lift the supplies from the boats and place them on a loading platform 110 feet (34 m) above the water.
Finally, after almost four years of planning, construction began in July 1912 and the light was dedicated on May 1, 1913. The tower was built in a Classical Revival architecture style out of reinforced concrete. The tower is a slightly tapering cylinder about 52 feet (16 m) high.
The upper portion has a steel circular walkway with handrail.
The lens is one of only seven second-order Fresnel lenses remaining in a lighthouse in the US. Barbier, Bernard, and Turenne manufactured the lens in Paris, France. The 9,000-pound (4,100 kg) lens floated on mercury and compressed air. The lens was rotated by a system of pulleys powered by weights that needed to be reset by an operator every 3.5 hours.
An oil storage house was built 155 feet (47 m) southeast of the light, and a small engine house in a small cove below the point. About 1,000 feet (300 m) south is a residential area with three small stone houses. Each house and the lighthouse itself has a water storage tank.
The point is accessed from Route 56 (called Kuhio Highway), north of the town of  Kīlauea.
On June 29, 1927, the United States Army Air Corps pilots of the airplane Bird of Paradise, Lester J. Maitland and Albert F. Hegenberger, were attempting the first transpacific flight from California to Hawaii. An hour before dawn, aware that they were slightly north of their planned course and with their directional radio receiver not functioning, they spotted the Kīlauea Lighthouse as planned to verify their position.
A radio beacon was added in 1930, and with the added generator the light was changed to be powered by electricity. Originally 250,000 candle power, the light reached 2,500,000 candle power in 1958.
The station was manned until 1974 when it was automated. In February 1976 the light was moved to a nearby smaller tower and the tower was sealed. It was one of the last lights converted to automation by the United States Coast Guard in the Hawaiian Islands.
The radio beacon was replaced in 1956, and then in the 1980s converted to a visitor center.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii in 1979. The historic district included 31 acres (13 ha).
In 1985 the Kīlauea Point National Wildlife Refuge, starting with the original Coast Guard Station, and then expanding to preserve the surrounding habitat.
A new visitor center was built in 1988. The buildings were damaged by Hurricane Iniki in September 1992, but repaired.
The visitors center is operated by the Kīlauea Point Natural History Association. Starting in late 2008, the group raised funds for restoration of the lighthouse.