The museum is situated in the Museumpark of Rotterdam next to the Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam, and in the vicinity of the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen. Entrance to the Kunsthal is from the Westzeedijk. The building was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas together with project architect Fuminori Hoshino  of the architectural firm OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture). Wim van Krimpen was its first director.
The Kunsthal has no permanent collection, but organises a wide range of temporary exhibits. The large space available 3,300 m² (36,000 sq ft) allows various exhibits in parallel. It houses seven exhibition spaces, a characteristic auditorium, and a café. The range of exhibitions presented at the Kunsthal ranges from 20th century masters to current contemporary art movements. The entrance on top of the Westzeedijk and gateway to the Museumpark is also a traffic intersection and meeting place for various public flows.
Lately the museum had exhibitions featuring artists such as Chuck Close, Andy Warhol and Arne Quinze. And recently the exhibition Drawn: Rotterdam! One-And-A-Half-Metre-Society  about the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic.


On October 16, 2012, seven paintings were stolen from the museum. The paintings were Monet's  Waterloo Bridge and Charing Cross Bridge, London, Picasso's Tete d'Arlequin, Gauguin's Femme devant une fenêtre ouverte, Matisse's La Liseuse en Blanc et Jaune, De Haan's Autoportrait, and Lucian Freud's Woman with Eyes Closed. At the time the museum was showing avant-garde art work by more than 150 artists from the Triton Foundation as part of their 20th anniversary celebrations. The theft took place that morning at around 3:00 AM. Even though the alarms had gone off the thieves had left the premises by the time police arrived. According to Rotterdam police,  "The alarm system in the Kunsthal is supposed to be state of the art. We've got no reason to believe that it's not but somehow the people responsible for this found a way in and a way out." Director of Art Loss Register suspects that the most valuable paintings were targeted and that they could be worth "hundreds of millions of euros" if legally sold at an auction. However, the paintings had been registered as stolen in their database.
The alleged thieves were arrested in Romania in July 2013. They reportedly met on Tinder. It is unclear what happened to the paintings: Olga Dogaru, whose son, Radu, has confessed to his involvement in the theft, initially claimed that she had burned them all in an effort to protect him; however, she subsequently denied this in a court hearing.  However, investigators found pigments and nails of the correct age for the stolen paintings in her fireplace. Authorities believed that Olga burned the stolen paintings to protect her son and the other thieves.


Kunstnernes Hus (Norwegian for "Artists' House") is an art gallery in Oslo, Norway. It is Norway's largest gallery under the direction of artists, and has served as a major center for exhibits of Norwegian and international contemporary art. It is also a prominent example of Functionalist architecture situated in Wergelandsveien 17, across the Royal palace park.
After having raised funds and interest for several years, Bildende Kunstneres Styre (now Norwegian Visual Artists Association) acquired the site for its headquarters in 1927 and opened an architectural contest in 1928. Several important specifications were imposed on entries, among them natural light from the ceiling, limited building height, and a façade that blended with the surrounding architecture. Its architecture is noted as an important milestone in the transition from the legacy of 19th century Neoclassical architecture to 20th century Functionalism.
Over 60 proposals were submitted, and the winning proposal, named Felix, by Gudolf Blakstad and Herman Munthe-Kaas, was simplified before construction began in 1929. The building opened on 1 October 1930 as an independent foundation with public support. In 1931 it won the Houen Prize for excellent architecture.
It was renovated in 2000/2001 at a cost of about NOK 20 million to improve the galleries, the general structural and aesthetic integrity, and bring safety infrastructure to modern standards.
Kunstnernes Hus is governed by a five-member board, four elected by the Norwegian Visual Artists Association, and one from the Ministry of Culture.
In addition to numerous shows throughout the year, it is one of two sites for the annual art show Høstutstillingen and also the annual fellowship application exhibit. Several pieces are on permanent display, including the bronze lion sculptures at the entrance by Ørnulf Bast, a relief by Niels Larsen Stevns, and pieces by Per Krogh and Lars Backer.
There are galleries on two floors. There is also an eating establishment on the ground floor.


Kursumli An (Macedonian: Куршумли ан, Albanian: hani i Kurshumlis, Turkish: Kurşunlu han) is an Ottoman caravanserai located in the Old Town of Skopje. It is in the area of Museum of Macedonia. It has served as an inn and as a prison.
Kursumli An was built in the 15th or 16th century. There were stables for 100 horses.
The walls form a square but roof consists of pyramid-shaped domes. The domes were originally covered in lead, and this is why the serai is called "Lead Bazaar." Ground floor rooms were used for storage, upper floor for sleeping quarters. The building also featured rooms for livestock.


Kutlug Timur minaret is a minaret in Konye-Urgench in north Turkmenistan, Central Asia. It was built in 1011 during the Khwarazmian dynasty. The height of the minaret is 60 meters with a diameter of 12 metres at the base and 2 metres at the top. In 2005, the ruins of Old Urgench where the minaret is located were inscribed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites.
The Kutlug Timur minaret belongs to a group of around 60 minarets and towers built between the 11th and the 13th centuries in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan including the Minaret of Jam, Afghanistan.
On the basis of its decorative brickwork, including Kufic inscriptions, the minaret is thought to be an earlier construction but restored by Kutlug-Timur around 1330.


Kvernes Stave Church (Norwegian: Kvernes stavkyrkje) is a former parish church of the Church of Norway in Averøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The old church sits along the Kvernesfjorden in the village of Kvernes, just to the north of the Kvernes Church, the present church for the parish. The white, wooden church was built in a rectangular stave church style sometime during the first half of the 14th century. The church seats about 200 people.


The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1400, but the stave church was probably built during the early-14th century. The church is a single-nave church of the "Møre"-type, characterized by central posts in the external wall and crossbeams. The small nave measures only 16 by 7.5 metres (52 by 25 ft) and the choir is only 7 by 7.5 metres (23 by 25 ft), making it one of the smallest stave churches in existence. The church was rebuilt in 1633 and during this renovation the front door was moved from the nave's west side to the south side. Also during this renovation, the old choir was torn down and rebuilt in a timber-framed construction rather than the historic stave construction. In 1648, the tower on the roof was repaired. From 1661 to 1663, a church porch was constructed. A sacristy was built around 1689 as well. In 1776, the church was renovated again. In 1810, the tower on the roof was again repaired.
In 1814, this church served as an election church (Norwegian: valgkirke). Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the Constitution of Norway. This was Norway's first national elections. Each church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet in Eidsvoll later that year.
In 1893, the parish built a new Kvernes Church about 50 metres (160 ft) south of the old stave church. The stave church was closed after the new church was consecrated in 1893. In 1894, the old building was purchased by a group of individuals who donated it as a gift to Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments. The society has refurbished the building and it is now a museum.


Kviteseid Old Church (Norwegian: Kviteseid gamle kirke) is a Romanesque church located at Kviteseid in Vestfold og Telemark, Norway.
It was built around 1260 and is situated near the lake Kviteseidvatnet. The edifice is in stone and has approximately 200 seats. The old stone church was built in the Romanesque style and was dedicated to St. Olav. This is among the better preserved stone churches in Telemark. The church has a ceiling with 20 fields decorated with flowers and vines which were painted by Thomas Blix in 1714. The altarpiece is from 1732. The church was restored in 1929 and 1969.
Kviteseid Old Church was the main church of the parish of Kviteseid for almost 700 years until a new church, now called Kviteseid Church, was built in the 20th century. As the parish priest of Kviteseid was also often the provost of Upper Telemark, the church was also the main church of that large region for long periods of time. The church is one of two surviving churches which have served as main churches of Upper Telemark, alongside Seljord Church.
Historically prominent individuals were often buried inside the church under the church floor. Several former parish priests of Kviteseid (and provosts of Upper Telemark) are buried under the church floor, among them Peder Povelsson Paus.


Kyoto Gyoen National Garden is a national garden of Japan. It is situated around the Kyoto Imperial Palace.


Lärbro Church (Swedish: Lärbro kyrka) is a medieval church in Lärbro on the Swedish island of Gotland. The church is located at a former strategically important spot, as testified by the adjacent fortified tower. The presently visible Gothic church replaced an earlier Romanesque church during the 13th and 14th century. The cemetery of the church contains several graves of victims from Nazi concentration camps who were taken to a field hospital in Lärbro during and after World War II.
The octagonal church tower is one of the most unusual on the island; incomparable to other church towers outside Visby. It may have been built to house a chapel dedicated to Saint Olaf. The rest of the church is constructed in a more traditional style, similar to other churches on Gotland. It contains medieval murals and an altarpiece from around 1400, among other furnishings. The church is in the Diocese of Visby of the Church of Sweden, and classified as an ecclesiastical monument by the Swedish National Heritage Board.


Lärbro Church is located in Lärbro, just west of a small valley. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of two ancient causeways connecting the two sides of the swampy valley. The location of a kastal (defensive tower) adjacent to the church can be explained by its former strategic location. The tower dates from the 11th or 12th century. It is a well-preserved, five storey tall stone tower built for defensive purposes. The ground floor and the top floor have ceilings supported by barrel vaults. On the third floor there are traces of an original dansker. The original entrance was on the ground floor. Communication between the floors was possible with a ladder, which could be pulled up from the upper floors. More recently, an external wooden staircase has been constructed which provides access to the tower through an entrance on the first floor. As of 2017, the tower is used for temporary exhibitions. Two medieval lychgates in the cemetery wall were demolished in 1885.
During World War II, a field hospital was built in Lärbro. At the time of its completion in 1942 it was one of the most modern of its kind in Sweden. Since Sweden never entered the war, the field hospital never had to be used by the Swedish Armed Forces. Instead, it was used to treat sick and wounded refugees and victims of the war from the rest of Europe. Among those treated in the field hospital were refugees fleeing the occupation of the Baltic states, German soldiers and around 500 victims from the Nazi concentration camps Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. Some of those treated in the field hospital did not survive, and were buried in the cemetery of Lärbro Church. There are 45 graves from this time at the cemetery, including nine of Jewish victims. There is a memorial stone erected by the Jewish community in Stockholm at the cemetery, and a stone commemorating the Polish citizens who were treated at the hospital and are buried in the cemetery was inaugurated by the Polish ambassador to Sweden in 2010.


The current church was preceded by an earlier, Romanesque stone church which consisted of a nave and a chancel with an apse, and a tower which may have been added later. It was probably built at the end of the 12th century. Some parts of this earlier church have been incorporated in the present church. This includes the present portal to the sacristy and its decorated tympanum, which was originally the chancel portal of the earlier church. A few elements of the nave, chancel and the base of the tower also remain from this first church in Lärbro.
At the end of the 13th century, a complete rebuilding of the church was initiated, resulting in the present Gothic building. The chancel and sacristy was replaced first, during the third quarter of the 13th century. The new nave was built at the end the same century. The octagonal tower was built in the 1340s. It was about 6 metres (20 ft) higher at the time of construction; the top part of the tower was severely damaged in a storm in 1522, and had to be demolished. No major alterations have been made since then. A renovation was carried out between 1953 and 1955 under the leadership of architect Olle Karth. A number of redundant buttresses supporting the tower were then removed.


The most unusual feature of Lärbro Church is the octagonal tower, which is also one of the most singular medieval buildings on Gotland. The only other churches on Gotland with octagonal features are the church ruin of Helgeand in Visby (from the 13th century) and the side towers of Visby Cathedral (contemporary with the tower in Lärbro). The tower appears to be the work of a workshop which was active at several churches on Gotland during the 14th century and known by the notname Egypticus. Apart from the octagonal shape, the pinnacles and gargoyles adorning the tower also appear to have Visby Cathedral as their model.
The corners of the tower are decorated with lesenes of limestone. Approximately half-way up, the tower is somewhat indented, the lower part thus being broader than the upper part. The lesenes here end in pinnacles which stand out between the gables. Under each pinnacle is a gargoyle, functioning as a water spout. All around the tower, there are pairs of pointed arch windows leading to a gallery just below the gables. The original upper part of the tower was probably similarly decorated. The wooden roof was rebuilt but probably follows the original shape. The tower has an additional two Gothic windows decorated with tracery, one in the south wall and a smaller in the west wall above the portal. The portal itself is decorated with reliefs on the outermost posts, depicting saints Peter, Paul, Olaf and a fourth unknown saint.
The capitals are decorated with sculptures depicting scenes from the life of Christ. On stylistic grounds, it has been suggested that the sculptor who made them also made the capitals at the chancel portals of Lummelunda and Hablingbo churches. The ground floor of the tower is covered by an eight-celled vault and lit by the large windows, creating a light and relatively lavish room, in contrast to most other churches on Gotland. It gives less the impression of being an anteroom and could be described as the focal point of the whole church. In one of the upper floors of the tower, the same eight-celled vault appears again. Unusually, the original wooden scaffolding used by the medieval builders has also been preserved there.
It is not known why the tower was built in this way. The most prevalent theory is that it was used as a chapel dedicated to Saint Olaf. A local legend connects the saint with the area around Lärbro, and as noted a sculpture of the saint also features on the tower portal. The shape of the tower could then possibly be a reference to the octagonal chapel in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim, Norway, where the relics of the saint are kept.


In contrast to the tower, the nave and chancel are typical for medieval churches on Gotland. They appear to have been conceived in a single plan, even though they were built at slightly different times. The chancel is also stylistically closely related to the tower at Stenkyrka Church. It has a straight eastern wall and a group of three lancet windows, a common feature among the churches on Gotland. The nave receives light from two Gothic windows in the south wall and one in the north wall. Its portal is decorated with floral ornamentation and a single figure, again possibly depicting Saint Olaf. It is made of alternating grey and reddish limestone. The chancel portal is also decorated with purely ornamental elements. Inside, the nave is divided by two central pillars, constructed of alternating red and grey limestone, and six corbels into six bays.


Lärbro Church is decorated with a set of medieval murals, dating from the construction period of the church. They decorate the nave and chancel, where some of them have incorporated architectural details in the composition, an uncommon feature among church murals in Sweden. As an example, a corbel has been used to form the head of a painted dragon. Other murals are purely ornamental, and some also depict more traditional religious subjects such as the Crucifixion and saints.
The altarpiece of the church is from the late 14th century or c. 1400, depicting Mary and the Twelve Apostles. It was altered in 1746 when many of the wooden statuettes were mixed up and marked with incorrect labels. The 124 centimetres (49 in) tall and 186 centimetres (73 in) wide altarpiece is similar to the one in Gammelgarn Church and probably made in Sweden. The church also possesses a chair made of lathed wooden elements, dating from the 13th century. There are also a number of medieval tombstones in the floor of the church. The baptismal font of the church, decorated with festoons, is made of sandstone and dates from the end of the 17th century. The pulpit is from 1718, and the pews are probably from the same period. The church organ is from 1955; the tower room also has an organ from 1819.


Lärbro Church belongs to Forsa parish within Nordertredingens kontrakt, itself part of the Diocese of Visby within the Church of Sweden. Lärbro Church is an ecclesiastical monument, number 21300000002813 (sub-number:  21400000444059) in the buildings database of the Swedish National Heritage Board. In 2019, Lärbro Church was one of the first 56 cultural heritage monuments on Gotland and in Sweden to be explicitly marked with the blue and white shield of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.


Låtefossen or Låtefoss is a waterfall located in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland County, Norway. The 165-metre (541 ft) tall waterfall is unique and thus it is a well-known tourist attraction in the area.  It is special in that it consists of two separate streams flowing down from the lake Lotevatnet, and as they fall, they join in the middle of the waterfall, just before going under the Norwegian National Road 13 built in 1867–69, making for a spectacular (and wet) view as one drives over the old, stone, six-arched bridge.


Lögberg ([ˈlœɣˌpɛrk]), or Law Rock, was a rocky outcrop in south west Iceland, at the location for the assembly of the country's Althing parliament. The original Althing was gathered at Þingvellir, an area of dramatic landscapes which was easily accessible from the populated areas of the south west.
The exact location of the Lögberg is unknown, because of the changing geography of the rift valley over 1000 years. Two possible locations have been identified in Þingvellir, one a flat ledge at the top of a slope named Hallurinn (currently marked by a flagpole), the other in the Almannagjá fault against a rock wall. A site in the Hestagjá ravine has been put forward as ideal.
The Lögberg was the place on which the Lawspeaker (lögsögumaður [ˈlœɣˌsœːɣʏˌmaːðʏr̥]) took his seat as the presiding official of the assembly of the Althing. Speeches and announcements were made from the spot. Anyone attending could make their argument from the Lögberg. The gatherings were also convened and dissolved from it.
The Lögberg performed its purpose from the formation of the parliament in 930. It ceased to be used in 1262, when Iceland took allegiance to Norway.


Lüne Abbey (German: Kloster Lüne) is a former Benedictine nunnery in the Lower Saxon town of Lüneburg. Today it is a Protestant Lutheran convent and is managed by the Klosterkammer Hannover (Hanover Monastic Chamber). The current abbess is Reinhild Freifrau von der Goltz.
Founded in 1172, the convent soon established itself as a wealthy and autonomous local power in the Lüneburg Heath region. It recruited its nuns mostly from the influential patrician families of Lüneburg and accommodated up to 60 women over most of its existence. These women would be thoroughly educated in Latin, Liberal Arts and in Christian doctrine and liturgy. Over the course of the 15th and 16th centuries, the convent structure changed first through the monastic reform (1481), then through the Protestant Reformation but was never resolved.


Lüne Abbey was founded in 1172 by a small community of no more than 10 noblewomen from Nordborstel. The group, led by Hildeswidis von Marcboldestorpe, was allowed to move into a vacant chapel that had been built as a hermitage for a monk from Lüneburg in 1140. The foundation charter was signed by Hugo, bishop of Verden, Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and Berthold II., abbott of the monastery St Michael in Lüneburg. The convent was dedicated to St Bartholomew and kept a part of the apostle's robe as the convent’s main relic. Although initially the convent did not follow any specific monastic rule, it adopted the Rule of Saint Benedict during the course of the 13th century. The original convent buildings burned down two times (in 1240 and in 1372) and were subsequently rebuilt closer to the city of Lüneburg.
Over the course of the 13th century, the convent grew steadily to a number of up to 60 nuns. They were mainly recruited from surrounding noble families and from the patrician families of Lüneburg. To cover the general living expenses, the convent relied first and foremost on the yearly income from the local saltworks that it held as a Pfandherr (pledge lord) since 1229. In 1367, the community had grown so influential and wealthy that it openly refused to accept its papally appointed provost Giles of Tusculum, a powerful cardinal bishop, and instead elected their own candidate, the lesser known Conrad of Soltau. In the end, both parties agreed on a third candidate, Johannes Weigergang, and Pope Urban V granted the nuns the privilege to elect their own provost. As premodern female convents had to rely on a male provost to represent the community’s political and economical interests to the outside world, this privilege of free election implied the highest degree of autonomy the convent could obtain. In 1395, the Lüne provost was granted the full sacramental care of the nuns, so that the convent was now de facto autonomous, both politically and spiritually.


The 15th century brought with it a widespread desire for ecclesiastical reform, and the monastic orders were no exception. The reform movement (not to be confused with the Protestant Reformation) firmly established itself in Northern Germany in the early second half of the century. The emerging reform theologians viewed the rich and influential convents of the north as having diverted from the original, rightful teachings of Christianity, first and foremost the ideal of poverty, but also their interference in the temporal sphere and a decline in Latin education were criticised. For a long time, historians have adopted the latter claim unaudited, but whether or not and to what extends it was actually accurate has to be evaluated individually for each convent. In most examined cases, however, the production of Latin writing within the women’s convents shows no sign of the alleged decline in education. Lüne Abbey agreed nonetheless to undergo reformative measures, and took in the provost and seven nuns from the nearby Ebstorf Abbey which had already undergone reforms, in 1481. The provost, Matthias von dem Knesebeck, deposed the prioress Bertha Hoyer and her subprioress, and installed his own candidate, the former Ebstorf nun Sophia von Bodenteich.
The reform included an enhanced curriculum in matters of Catholic doctrine, a changed liturgy in conformity with the reform, and a centralized and communal intake of daily meals to strengthen the convent’s isolation from the outside world and to better control the required abstinence from meat on Fridays and during Lent. The latter arguably provided the greatest logistical difficulty, as both the kitchen and the refectory had to be rebuilt. Subsequently, the convent was incorporated into a dense network of reformed Northern German female convents and their male provosts, most of them committed reformers, which became a regional power within ecclesiastical politics.


The territorial fragmentation of political sovereignty in Germany on the outset of the 16th century pushed the individual territorial lords (‘’Landesherren’’) into the position of the official decision-maker regarding the acceptance or rejection of the new Reformation process. The monastic convents had to fear for their survival, as the new movement set out to secularize and expropriate what they saw as an expression of the decadence and detachment from the faithful in the outside world. Lüne Abbey fell into the jurisdiction of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg which had been the main site of the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud in 1519. The convent suffered greatly under the joint raids of the princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Calenberg, at some point even having to evacuate the convent building and move into the city of Lüneburg itself. The feud saw Brunswick-Lüneburg fall into major debt and its convents become weakened as a result. In 1525, as many German territories had to face peasant uprisings, Duke Ernest I tried to quickly consolidate his budget by sending a demand over 28,000 guilders to all convents in Brunswick-Lüneburg which he threatened to enforce by a military show of force, if necessary. It did not take long after that, however, for the duke to publicly declare his allegiance to the cause of the Reformation and thus target the Roman Catholic convents directly. The female convents of Brunswick-Lüneburg, tightly knit together since the monastic reform of 1481, staunchly opposed the duke’s demands, and the situation effectively went into a standstill for the next four years. In 1529, Duke Ernest and his court decided to break up the monastic network by first targeting its male provosts. He hoped to replace them one by one with a Protestant preacher loyal only to the duke himself, as those provosts had once themselves deposed the old leadership of the convents without much opposition. Indeed, in late 1529, the Lüne provost Johannes Lorber resigned from his post and made way for a ducal administrator, Johannes Haselhorst, and a Protestant preacher, Hieronymous Enkhusen. In the following year, these measures were followed up by the inception of a new monastic policy which changed the liturgy within the convents drastically and nullified all monastic vows. The female communities were explicitly stated to be the new religious enemies. In 1531, one of the ducal tax collectors even went so far as to destroy one of the chapels of Lüne Abbey, consecrated to Saint Gangulphus of Burgundy.
As prioress Mechthild von Wilde died in 1535, the nuns’ opposition against the Reformation faltered altogether. Although the convent was able to independently elect a new prioress, Elisabeth Schneverding, they accepted their incorporation into the Protestant Landeshoheit of the duke. Duke Ernest, on the other hand, surprisingly accepted that the convent remained a secular foundation for unmarried Protestant women (Damenstift), and did not dissolve the institution as a whole. It took, however, until 1562, for the convent to elect its first decidedly Protestant head.


Over the course of the following two centuries, the community had a somewhat ambiguous status. Outwardly, it was treated as a purely secular retirement institution, but inwardly, the community still led a highly devoted spiritual life in Benedictine tradition. In 1711, this tension was resolved in an agreement between the convent and Duke George-Louis (later George I of Great Britain) in favour of the secular role that came to dominate also within the convent walls. Lüne Abbey would find itself as part of a war zone two more times. In 1793, a French army marched through nearby territory during the First Coalition War in which the Electorate of Hanover took part on the side of the anti-French coalition. The abbess, Artemisia von Bock, anticipated an upcoming occupation of the convent and quickly sold a large stock of artworks, manuscripts and books from the library, some into private hands, some into the care of larger archives and depositories nearby. During World War II many of those archives fell victim to Allied bombing raids, and many more artworks and manuscripts vanished within the turmoils near the end of the war when German administrative structures collapsed and effectively ceased to exist.


As new women entered the convent, they did not break off contact to their biological families. In that sense, the nuns lived in a double family, as they were indissolubly linked both to their biological family and their newfound sisters in the convent. Their regular and unbroken contact to relatives in the outside world is documented in a number of letters, especially from the 15th and 16th centuries. The familial connections between the nuns and the Lüneburg patrician families are widely reconstructed and show a deep link between the convent and the city politics. Further connections could arise between the convent and other estates that a new provost held beside Lüne Abbey.


The extant amounts of manuscripts originating within the convent walls suggest a thorough education of the nuns in the Latin, Liberal Arts and theology. The educational standard was not limited to the convent leaders, but extended to every novice entering the abbey, provided by the convent’s own monastic school. For the nuns, the central purpose of education was the rightful execution of the liturgy which had to be sung in Latin. In their letters, they styled themselves as Brides of Christ, dedicating their life to serve God as spouses in the vineyard of the convent. Their personal and business correspondence only recently has been brought back to the attention.
Letters between the convent and their secular contacts, such as the city of Lüneburg or their estates, were written in Middle Low German which was the economic lingua franca within Northern Germany and around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea as the main operating areas of the Hanseatic League. Codeswitching between Latin and Middle Low German was used, mainly in the correspondence between the convents.


In 1380 the convent was rebuilt in the Brick Gothic style after a major fire. The cloisters, the single-nave church of 1412 and the Nonnenchor (nuns' choir) are well preserved, the same is true of the former Dormitorium (dormitory).


Unsurprisingly, most of the historiographic literature on Lüne Abbey is written in German. Only the most recent edition project, a cooperation between the universities of Oxford and Düsseldorf on the convent's letter collections, has opened up the opportunity of a more widespread reception of the Lower German women's convents within the Anglosphere. Nonetheless, the amount of English literature currently available remains all but non-existent.


Website of the convent
Digital edition of the letter collections of Lüne Abbey, a cooperation between the University of Oxford, the University of Düsseldorf and the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel
Conference paper on the letter collection of Lüne Abbey by Professor Henrike Lähnemann, Dr Edmund Wareham and Konstantin Winters, in English (see the link to Youtube on that page)
Inscriptions and pictures of Lüne Abbey, in German (Wehking, Inschriften (2009))


Lüner Lake (German Lünersee) is a large lake near the town of Bludenz in Vorarlberg, Austria.
The lake's depth was raised by 72 metres by the construction of a hydroelectric dam in 1958. The dam supplies water to four local power plants, Lünersee, Rodund I, Rodund II and Walgau. The lake is linked to the village of Brand by a cable car system, the Lünerseebahn.


LPGA International is a golf club located in Daytona Beach, Volusia County, Florida, United States, and the main golf facility used by the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). The golf facilities are owned by the City of Daytona Beach and operated under agreement with the LPGA. The golf club offers two 18-hole courses, Champions and Legends. In 2013, these were renamed to the Jones and Hills courses, reflecting the architects who designed them.


In addition to the two Bermuda grass golf courses, the facility offers a driving range, practice putting green, and full-service restaurant. The complex is owned and operated by Fore Golf Partners.


When the Ladies Professional Golf Association was looking for a new headquarters in the late 1980s, the City of Daytona Beach made an effort to attract them to this city. Daytona Beach renamed Eleventh Street to LPGA Boulevard and offered to build a new golf course for the LPGA on undeveloped land near the western border of the city. Consolidated Tomoka Land Company agreed to donate 650 acres of land to the City, and the result was LPGA International.
The venue has hosted the Mercury Titleholders Championship from 1995 to 2000, Arch Wireless Championship in 2000, several editions of the Symetra Tour Championship, the LPGA Tour Final Qualifying Tournament, and the 2001 and 2007 NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships.


Arthur Hills designed the Hills Course, which opened in 1998 and offers a design of 6,984 yards. The course features natural wetlands, narrow pine corridors, small greens and strategically placed water hazards. The Hills course is considered to be the more challenging of the two.
The Hills course has been rated as four and a half stars (out of five) on average by Golf Digest magazine readers. GolfLink.com users have rated the Legends course at three stars (out of five) overall.


WikiWeb_LUMO Community Wildlife Sanctuary_0

LUMO Community Wildlife Sanctuary is a community owned wildlife sanctuary in Kenya. It is located near Mwatate in Taita-Taveta County in the former Coast Province, approximately 220km from Mombasa.  It covers an area of 48,000 acres. The sanctuary is formed by the  Lualenyi, Mramba Communal Grazing Area, and Oza Group Ranch, hence the acronym "LUMO".
LUMO Community Wildlife Sanctuary is adjacent to Tsavo West National Park and the Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary.It hosts cape buffalo, elephant, leopard, masai lion, masai giraffe, zebra, hartebeest, impala, waterbuck, Thomson's gazelle, lesser kudu, dik-dik, and other smaller animals, including a great diversity of birdlife.
The sanctuary has one community-owned tourist lodge, the Lion's Bluff Lodge.


The La Cloche Mountains, also called the La Cloche Range, are a range of mountains in Northern Ontario, Canada, along the northern shore of Lake Huron near Manitoulin Island. The mountains are located in the Canadian Shield, and are composed primarily of white quartzite.
They extend roughly from La Cloche Provincial Park, south of Massey, to Killarney Provincial Park, southwest of Sudbury. The communities of West River, Willisville and Whitefish Falls are located directly within the range; the town of Espanola and the municipality of Killarney are located nearby, however they can be seen (from some vantage points) as far away as Manitoulin Island.
Ontario Highway 6 is the principal transportation route through the range.
Killarney Provincial Park is located in the range and is very popular among tourists.  Another feature includes the "Heaven's Gate Trail" which traverses the length of the range from Willisville in the east to Massey in the west.  Thought to be an old aboriginal trade route, it traverses the plateau of the range with the North Channel of Lake Huron visible to the south.  The trail is particularly grueling and is rarely traversed mostly due to its length and remoteness from major cities.


With an estimated age of 1.88 billion years, the La Cloche Mountains consist of metamorphosed quartz sandstone, which accumulated and was deposited in the Georgian Bay region of Ontario 2.5 billion years ago. The mountains themselves were formed during the Penokean Orogeny, a mountain-building stage in the Canadian Shield's geological history. During this time, the sandstone that had accumulated was compressed and heated to form the white Quartzite which dominates the landscape today. The hills comprising the La Cloche Mountains are believed to have once been higher than today's Rocky Mountains, and were eroded down to their current altitude of 539 meters at its peak. They remain among the highest altitudes in Ontario.
A southern extension of the La Cloche Mountains, the South La Cloche Mountains, extends to the south and juts into Georgian Bay along Badgeley Point, north of Killarney and Secondary Highway 637.


According to legend, the hills were warning bells, or tocsins, used by local First Nations for signaling. These "Bell Rocks" could be heard for a considerable distance when struck, and accordingly when voyageurs explored the area they named it with the French word for "bell" — La Cloche.


La Jolla Shores, with its northern part Scripps Beach, is a beach and vacation/residential community of the same name in La Jolla, San Diego, California. The La Jolla Shores business district is a mixed-use village encircling Laureate Park on Avenida de la Playa in the village of La Jolla Shores.
The beach is approximately one mile (1.6 km) long and stretches from the sea cliffs just north of La Jolla Cove to Black's Beach south of Torrey Pines State Park. Shores meets the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus and Kellogg Park, encompasses the Scripps Pier and borders the San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park Ecological Reserve to the south. The beach is a popular launch point for kayakers as it is the only beach boat launch in the San Diego city limits. The beach is also popular among stand up paddlers, swimmers and snorkelers. The southern end of the beach is especially rich with wildlife. During certain times of year, leopard sharks, diamond stingrays, round stingrays, and species of guitarfish are common. Green sea turtles and broadnose sevengill sharks are elusive but can be found farther offshore.
Described by the Orange County Register as "the best beach in the area", La Jolla Shores regularly features in the TruTV show, Beach Patrol: San Diego and Lifeguard on The Weather Channel.


La Perseverancia is a neighborhood of the UPZ of La Macarena, situated in the Santa Fe locality of the capital of Colombia, Bogotá. It is located in the eastern edge of the city. It was founded in the beginning of the 20th century as a working neighborhood situated on the outskirts of the urban perimeter. Its growth accompanied the development of the Bavaria brewery, in the nearby San Diego neighborhood.


Its development is related to establishment the Bavaria brewery. Many residents of the Egipto and Belén neighborhoods moved to the areas above San Diego with the support of Leo Kopp, who founded the brewing company in 1889.
The first buildings were made mostly of adobe and raised in the early 1910s on 4.30×8-meter plots. It was inaugurated on 1 May 1914 and was called the Plaza de Trabajo. In its center is situated the Monumento al Trabajo.
The consolidation of the neighborhood was slowed because some of the homes were built by the residents at different and on different schedules while some lots were allocated to the raising of corn, potatoes and vegetables during times when there were resources for the construction. Afterwards there was difficulty with installation of public services which were already common in the rest of the city.
During this period, la Perseverancia received water from the Chorro de Padilla or Rio Arzobispo. This situation resulted in the construction of water reservoirs in Carrera Séptima at Calle Treinta Y Uno, and another where a church is currently found. Because of the lack of electricity, illumination included wax candles and coal or wood-burning stoves. The boys of the neighborhood often had to collect firewood from the Eastern mountain range.
During the second half of the 1940s the neighborhood was an area of support for the politician,  Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, where a march by torchlight known as the Marcha de las Antorchas was held on his behalf.


On the north, it is bounded by the Colegio San Bartolomé La Merced school along Calle Treinta y tres.  Its southern edge separates it of the La Macarena neighborhood along Calle Treinta y Uno. Along the western side, it is separated from the San Martín and La Merced neighborhoods by Carrera Quinta (Fifth Avenue), and its eastern boundary marks the urban perimeter along Carrera Primera, which is located a few blocks further up from the Avenida Circunvalar.


Many of the neighborhood homes used to sell homemade alcoholic beverages which are now symbolic of the annual Festival de la Chicha, la Vida y la Dicha held every October. La Perseverancia is also known for its tradition of manufacturing artisanal fireworks.


Along the eastern and western limits, the neighborhood counts on two avenues which connect it to the rest of the city. The Carrera Quinta goes to the downtown and eastern parts of the city through its connection to Avenida El Dorado while the Avenida Circunvalar provides access to the north.


La Petite Décharge is the name of one of the two emissaries of lac Saint-Jean, the other being the La Grande Décharge. This river flows south of Alma Island, on the northwest shore of St. Lawrence River, in the town of Alma, in the Lac-Saint-Jean-Est Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the Province of Quebec, in Canada.
La Petite Décharge marks the southern limit of Alma Island. To the east of this island, the two emissaries meet and form the Saguenay River at their confluence.
The main economic activities are urban (ie the city of Alma), industrial and recreational tourism.
La Petite Décharge is served on the north side by Mélançon-Ouest and Maurice boulevards.
Paradis, as well as by the streets built on Alma Island; on the south side by Chemin du Golf, Scott Street West, Boulevard des Cascades, Rue Sacré-Coeur East and Boulevard Auger East.
The surface of La Petite Décharge is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.


With a length of 16.2 kilometers, the Petite Décharge is dotted with rapids all along its route.
The main watersheds neighboring the Petite Décharge are:
North side: La Grande Décharge, Rivière aux Chicots, Rivière aux Harts, Mistouk River;
East side: Saguenay River;
South side: Bédard River;
West side: lac Saint-Jean.
La Petite Décharge is the second emissary of lac Saint-Jean whose mouth is located in the town of Alma, at:
11.0 km (6.8 mi) West of the mouth of La Petite Décharge;
8.8 km (5.5 mi) West of downtown Alma · .
From its source, the Little Landfill flows over 16.2 km (10.1 mi) in a forest, then an urban area, according to the following segments:
3.2 km (2.0 mi) towards the East, then the North in a widening of the river, up to a bend of the river corresponding to the outlet of Lake Sophie (coming from the North);
3.2 km (2.0 mi) towards the South-East, until the confluence of the Bédard River (Saguenay River) (coming from the South);
7.6 km (4.7 mi) towards the east passing in the town of Alma passing under a first road bridge, under the railway bridge, a second road bridge, up to at the bridge at route 169;
2.2 km (1.4 mi) to the east, crossing the Alma Hydrobase area to the mouth of the river.
La Petite Décharge spills out at the eastern tip of Alma Island, coinciding with the confluence of La Grande Décharge (coming from the North-West). The latter is crossed to the east by the Saguenay River. This mouth is located at:
2.1 km (1.3 mi) east of downtown Alma;
4.4 km (2.7 mi) South-East of the Maligne Island hydroelectric plant;
35.3 km (21.9 mi) West of downtown Saguenay (city);
63.0 km (39.1 mi) West of the mouth of the Saguenay River.


This toponym is pointed out by the surveyor Edmond Duberger in a report of April 29, 1861 in Quebec, probably dates from the 18th century · .
The toponym of "La Petite Décharge" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.


"Atlas of Canada from the Department of Natural Resources Canada - Characteristics extracted from the geographic map, the database and the instrumentation of the site". 12 September 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
JDMGÉO.COM - Province of Quebec - Maps of Quebec at scale 1: 250,000
Book: Goudreau, Serge. "The Aboriginal presence in the land of Charlevoix", Revue d'histoire de Charlevoix, June 2012, p. 5.
Tremblay, Victor. Alma au Lac Saint-Jean: son histoire, Chicoutimi, Centennial Edition, 1967, pages 9, 10.
Commission de toponymie du Québec - Bank of Place Names - Toponym "La Grande Décharge".


La Sarraz Castle is a castle in the municipality of La Sarraz of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.


Lac du Bourget (French: [lak dy buʁʒɛ]; English Lake Bourget), also locally known as Lac Gris ([lak gʁi]; English: Grey Lake) or Lac d'Aix ([lak d‿ɛ]), is a lake at the southernmost end of the Jura Mountains in the department of Savoie, France. It is the deepest lake located entirely within France, and either the largest or second largest after Lac de Grand-Lieu depending on season.
The largest town on its shore is Aix-les-Bains. Chambéry, the capital of Savoie, lies about 10 km south of the lake. The lake is mainly fed by the river Leysse (and other small rivers), and it drains towards the river Rhône through the Canal de Savières, an artificial channel. It is a Ramsar site. The extinct bezoule was found only in this lake.
The lake was formed during the last period of global glaciation in the Alps (Würm glaciation) during the Pleistocene epoch. It has a surface area of 44.5 square kilometres (4,450 hectares). The long and narrow north-south axis of the lake extends 18 km in length, and ranges between 1.6 km and 3.5 km in width. The lake's average depth is 85 m, and its maximum depth in 145 m.  The lake is meromictic. Unlike ordinary lakes, its deep water does not mix annually with water closer to the surface.
The lake is bordered by the steep summits of the Mont du Chat and the Chaîne de l'Épine on the west, and Bauges Mountains on the east, which form its shores.
Lac du Bourget was made famous by several romantic poems of Alphonse de Lamartine, including Le Lac, as well as by descriptions by Xavier de Maistre, Honoré de Balzac, and Alexandre Dumas.


Named Lacus de Burgeto in 1313, its name "Le Bourget" comes from the eponymous castle, which became the main residence of the Counts of Savoy from the middle of the 13th century until the following century. Formerly, it was called "Lac de Châtillon" (Ripa laci de Castellione in the 13th century), in reference to the castle and the eponymous seigneury. It is mentioned in particular in the donation made by the Count of Savoy Amédée III in 1125, for the foundation of the abbey of Hautecombe, "on the shore of the lake of Châtillon" (supra ripam loci de Castellione).


Lake Bourget features an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), like most places in Western Europe.
In spite of this, it is highly influenced by its interior position within France near several mountain ranges, resulting in quite hot summers and cool to cold winters with frequent temperatures below freezing, especially at night.
The surrounding mountains such as mont du Chat or mont Revard have a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).
Convective rainfall is frequent for much of the year, rendering high precipitation/day quotas. The nearest weather station is located at Chambéry Airport, less than a mile south of the lake.


Lago Bianco (literally "White Lake") is a reservoir at the Bernina pass in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.


Lago del Turano (Latin Tolenus) is a lake in the Province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy. At an elevation of 536 m, its surface area is 5.6 km².


In 1959, a hydroelectric power plant was built below the lake by the Municipal Authority of Electricity. It was used to produce electricity for residents of La Bresse.


Lake Chillisquaque is dammed by an earth-fill dam known as the Lake Chillisquaque Dam. Located on the southern side of the lake, the dam is 2,000 feet (610 m) long and 54 feet (16 m) high. The dam is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide at its highest point and the top of the dam forms an access road. The inner part of the dam is a silty clay material, while the outside is made of weathered shale.
According to the Montour County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, a major failure in the Lake Chillisquaque Dam could cause damage to several nearby communities, such as Strawberry Ridge and Washingtonville. It could also result in a decrease in the output of the Montour Power Plant, causing a brownout in the area. A severe failure of the dam is considered by the Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan to be the most dangerous threat to Montour County.


Various types of cyanobacteria inhabit Lake Chillisquaque. The specific genera that inhabit the lake vary at different times of the year and also at different depths within the lake. Due to the presence of light attenuation in the lake, light plays a role in determining which species of cyanobacteria inhabit it.
In September 2009, the most common type of microbe on the surface of Lake Chillisquaque was Oscillatoria, which made up approximately 75 percent of the total. Raphidiopsis was the second most common type, making up approximately 15 percent of the total. In May 2010, approximately 40 percent of the microbes were Navicula and 35 percent were Oscillatoria. Slightly less than 10 percent of the microbes are Anabaena. In July 2010, Oscillatoria and Synechococcus each made up approximately 25 percent of the microbes and between 10 and 15 percent were Anabaena.
Slightly less than 60 percent of the microbes 15 feet (4.6 m) under the surface of Lake Chillisquaque were of the genus Oscillatoria in September 2009. Slightly more than 10 percent each of the microbes were of the genera Xylophilus and Verrucomicrobium. In May 2010, slightly less than 40 percent of the microbes in the depths of the lake were of the genus Dolichospermum. The genera Synechococcus, Navicula, and Xylophilus each made up approximately 20 percent of the microbes. In July 2010, nearly 85 percent of the microbes were of the genus Xylophilus and less than 10 percent were of the genus Oscillatoria.


Lake Clearwater is in the Ashburton District of the South Island of New Zealand. The outlet feeds into the south branch of the Ashburton River / Hakatere. Located in the upper reaches of the Rangitata River a small village of holiday homes, also called Lake Clearwater, is located between Lake Clearwater and the smaller neighbour Lake Camp.
The lake borders, and is proposed to be included in, the Hakatere Conservation Park which covers nearly 60,000 hectares of rugged mountain country, tussocklands, beech forest and sparkling clear rivers and lakes between the Rakaia and Rangitata Rivers. The lake has a submerged plant indicator rating of 48 (moderate). It is subjected to the strong prevailing northwesterly winds.
Road access to Lake Clearwater is approximately 38 km past Mount Somers and the last half is an unsealed gravel road. No dogs or motor powered craft are permitted on the lake as it is a wildlife reserve, however strong and consistent winds funnelled off the bounding mountains make it an ideal lake for windsurfing and kitesurfing. The adjacent, and smaller, Lake Camp is used by motor powered water craft.
The lake is a breeding site for the Great crested grebe.


Lake Crescent Lodge, originally called Singer's Lake Crescent Tavern, is a historic resort situated on the shores of Lake Crescent west of Port Angeles, Washington.  Located on the Olympic Peninsula within Olympic National Park, the Lodge is owned by the National Park Service and operated by Aramark.  The Lodge resort is open seasonally from early May until the end of January with select cabins available during the winter months.  Hiking and boating are popular activities for guests, and several peaks, including Mount Storm King and Pyramid Mountain, are easily accessible from the resort.  Other hiking opportunities include Marymere Falls, Spruce Railroad, and Barnes Creek Trails.


In 1914 Avery and Julia Singer built a small hotel and cottages at Barnes Point on the shore of Lake Crescent, opening Singer's Tavern in 1915. At the time of its opening, the Tavern consisted of seven Lodge rooms, five of which are still in use today, and a series of cottages, spending nearly $50,000 on the construction and furnishing of the hotel. The two-story main building was built of locally milled timber, its bungalow-like design influenced by Arts and Crafts design principles, and complemented by Roycroft-inspired furnishings. The main living room featured a large stone fireplace, giving on to a porch overlooking the lake. Guest rooms were located upstairs. Lodge guests were offered modern conveniences, a restaurant, and many recreational and evening activities. Additional accommodations were available in the cottages and tent cabins. Julia Singer planted an ornamental garden, which has matured and which contributes to the hotel's ambiance, together with a small golf course, a vegetable garden and fruit trees.
For the first six years of operation, guests of Singer's Tavern arrived by ferry, which continued to be popular throughout the 1920s.  However, when the Olympic Highway was completed in 1922, automobiles quickly became the most popular form of transportation to the Lodge.  A railroad was also constructed on the opposite side of the lake but was never used for passengers.  Completed in 1919, the line was engineered to ship logs for airplane manufacturing during World War I but opened only weeks before the war ended.  Since then, the Spruce Railroad Trail has become a popular hiking location, accessible by East Beach Road, and remnants of the original railroad can still be seen.
The Singers sold the property in 1927 to the Seattle Trust Company and from there it passed to Walter and Bessie Bovee.  The events of the 1930s greatly impacted the Lodge and the entire region around the lake.  In the latter half of that decade, members of Congress proposed the establishment of a large national park encompassing the central, mountainous region of the Olympic Peninsula, and, as a result, the Lodge received its most notable guest, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who visited the peninsula in the fall of 1937.  Roosevelt arrived at the lodge the evening of September 30, where he spent the night in one of the now-demolished cabins, continuing on to the Lake Quinault Lodge the next day. While he was at Singer's Tavern, Roosevelt discussed the proposed Olympic National Park with Park Service and Forest Service advisors, and with Washington senators Monrad Wallgren and Homer T. Bone. Following his tour of the Peninsula, the President signed authorization for the creation of Olympic National Park in 1938, which encompassed the Lake Crescent property. Cottages built in the following decade were consequently named the Roosevelt Cabins.
Walter and Bessie Bovee took ownership and brought the Lodge back to life in the 1940s.  They expanded the Lodge and offered many recreational activities, including renting out boats and canoes.  A shoreline area called Bovee's Meadow, accessible by a short trail from the Lodge, is a popular recreational area. The lodge remained an inholding through the 1940s, when several new lodges and addition to the main lodge were built. In 1951 the National Park Service bought the lodge and its property for $95,000. The Mission 66 initiative proposed the lodge's demolition and replacement with modern facilities. A number of accessory buildings were removed, but the main lodge was spared, though motel-style units were constructed nearby. Several cabins were replaced with newer units of similar character.
Lake Crescent Lodge is operated by Aramark and opened seasonally from early May through January with select cabins open through winter.


Lake Crescent Lodge is located at Barnes Point on the south shore of the lake adjacent to Barnes Creek, named after the first homestead built there in the 1890s.  This shore is also home to the Olympic Park Institute.  Both are situated at the foot of Mount Storm King and encircled with the Olympic Mountain Chain.  The Lodge is situated amidst an old-growth forest with rainforest ferns, cedars and fir trees. The irregularly shaped lodge is about 57 feet (17 m) by 36 feet (11 m) with an enclosed porch on the north side and an open porch on the east side. The main lodge is 2-1/2 stories, with a one-story dining room. The wood-frame lodge is covered with wood shingle siding and a wood-shingled roof. The porch windows feature a complex and finely subdivided mullion pattern in three stages, with smaller panes in each higher stage.
The historic district comprises 11 buildings on the lakeshore. The lodge, pier foundations and three cabins are original structures, while seven cabins were rebuilt to complement the earlier buildings.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.


Lake Cunningham is an artificial lake in Lake Cunningham Park, in East San Jose, California, near the Eastridge Mall and Eastridge Transit Center. It is not a geological feature recognized in the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). It is located on Capitol Expressway and stands next to Reid–Hillview Airport. The Lake Cunningham Skate Park and Raging Waters theme park are also in Lake Cunningham Park.
The Lake Cunningham–Eastridge Mall area was one of Santa Clara Valley's three permanent wetland complexes called "lagunas".  The area was called Laguna Socayre (or Secayre) during the initial Euro-American settlement (1769–1850), and was part of the Rancho Yerba Buena or Rancho Socayre land grant of 1833. Laguna Socayre covered a much larger area than Lake Cunningham Park does now.
Due to intense urbanization in the surrounding hill areas, the storm water that historically exited the canyons and percolated through the gravel below ground was channeled into pipes below the streets to Thompson Creek and Lake Cunningham.  This has led to an increase in runoff during the winter storms.
The lake and park are named after James Farnham Cunningham who owned the land before the city acquired it for flood control.


Lake Karum (also known as Lake Assale or Asale) is a salt lake in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. One of two salt lakes in the northern end of the Danakil Depression (the other one being Lake Afrera), it lies at −120 m (−394 ft) relative to sea level. The volcano Erta Ale rises southeast of this lake.
Werner Munzinger, who travelled through the Afar Depression in 1867, recorded that this lake was fed by four streams: the Didic, the Ala, the Rira Guddy, and the Ragali or Awra, which is the only permanent stream flowing into Lake Karum.
North of Lake Karum is the former mining settlement of Dallol. The lake is extremely salty and is surrounded by a salt pan, which is still mined. The salt is transported by caravan to the rest of the country.


Lake Mácha (Czech: Máchovo jezero) is a pond in the municipal territory of Doksy in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. With an area of 2.84 km² (1.10 sq mi) it is the largest pond in the region and therefore is called a lake, despite its artificial origin.


During the Cenozoic Era, a large lake existed at this site (as a remnant of an older sea). During the last ice age, the lake drained away, leaving only a peat bog.
In 1367 Charles IV ordered a large pond to be established here.
Its older name was Velký rybník ('Big Pond', or in German Großteich) or Hirschberský rybník ('Big Hirschberg Pond', or in German Hirschberger Großteich). Its current name was established after 1945 and officially since 1961. The name refers to the romantic poet Karel Hynek Mácha.


The lake is an alluvial set lake. The tributaries are rivulets with irregular flowrates. During the rainy seasons, the level increases beyond a certain level and the water is fed to the nearby Lake Eymir about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to north east. According to a report cited by M. Bülent Varlık (ODTÜ’lüler Bülteni N.130 Belleten of Middle East Technical University), during the flood in 1910, Lake Mogan temporarily merged with Lake Eymir.


Lake Nakatsuna (中綱湖, Nakatsuna-ko) is a lake in Ōmachi Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the "Nishina Three Lakes" (Lake Aoki, Lake Nakatsuna and Lake Kizaki). Its sediments have been studied in an effort to better understand climate change in Japan, finding evidence of the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age.


Lake Pamvotida or  Pamvotis (Greek: Λίμνη Παμβώτιδα/Παμβώτις), commonly also Lake of Ioannina (Greek: Λίμνη των Ιωαννίνων, Limni ton Ioanninon) is the largest lake of Epirus, located in the central part of the Ioannina regional unit in northern Greece. The regional capital Ioannina to the west and the town of Perama to the north are urban settlements fringing the lake while the remaining of its periphery is composed of farmland. The lake features small fishing ports and a boating port. There is a regular boat service to the Ioannina Island. The Greek National Road 6 surrounds the northern half of the lake.


Lake Pamvotida is situated at 470 m elevation, south of the Mitsikeli mountains. It is fed by several small rivers. It has no surface outflow, but it is drained through karstic sinkholes towards the rivers Arachthos, Louros and Kalamas. In 1960 a tunnel and ditch were constructed that drain from the northern end of the lake to the river Kalamas. The small inhabited Ioannina Island, where Ali Pasha was hiding during the last days of his reign, is situated near the northern shore.


Urbanisation and pollution are threatening the lake ecosystem, home to small mammals, waterbirds and a rich fish and crustacean fauna. Eutrophication results in algal blooms in summer. Lake Pamvotida is home to Tsima (Τσίμα), a species of fish endemic to the lake. Two bryozoan species have recently been reported from the lake.


The State General Laboratory and the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina Region notified the results of analysis of samples from lake Pamvotis in order to ascertain the reasons that led to the death of a host of fish. As revealed by the results, the lake is impaired by pollutants from sewage, which significantly exceed permissible limits. According to what was said by the Head of State General Laboratory Department of Ioannina Anastasios Tsongas, the effluent is the same quality as those that led to biological treatment, with the difference being that these were channeled directly to the lake.


Franz X. Bogner & Georg Pilidis: Lake of Ioannina - Limni Pamvotis. Ioannina, 2010, ISBN 978-960-233-199-6 (bilingual book).


The Lake Placid Tower in Lake Placid, Florida, formerly named Placid Tower, Tower of Peace or Happiness Tower, is a closed observation tower 240 feet (73.2 m) tall according to early sources (before 1982) or 270 feet (82.3 m) tall according to late sources (after 1986). However, no physical modification of the tower occurred in the interim that would explain a 30-foot increase in height.


It rests on ground 142 feet (43 m) above sea level (NAVD 88). As a warning to aircraft, the top of the tower, including antennae, is stated to be 392 feet (119.5 m) above sea level by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Thus, the height of the tower above ground, including antennae, is 250 feet (76.2 m) (392–142=250), which excludes a 270-foot architectural height, allowing only a 240-foot architectural height. Counting the tower's 8-inch (20.3 cm) courses yields a height above ground of 235–236 feet (71.6–71.9 m), so the lowest few feet of the 240-foot height, those resting on the foundation, are underground, providing space for an elevator pit. According to early sources, it has three observation levels, at 192 feet (58.5 m) behind windows, at 200 feet (61.0 m) on an open air balcony, and at 225 feet (68.6 m) in the open air crow's nest, Eagle's Nest, or Birds eye vantage point on top of the elevator shaft but below roof tracery. The apex of the tower is a flashing red aircraft warning light. The tower is 360 feet (110 m) above sea level according to two late sources, the latter stating that that elevation applies to the eagle's nest, which is consistent with the crow's nest elevation of early sources (142+225=367≈360). The tower offered a 40-mile (65 km) panoramic view.
Earnest Oakley Hunt dreamed of building an observation tower when he moved to Orlando in 1938, then moved to Sebring in 1947 and found the perfect location in nearby Lake Placid. He and Robert Gray formed Air View Corporation to build the tower. The tower was designed by architect A. Wynn Howell of Lakeland, built by Ridge Builders of Sebring in 1960 for $350,000 (equivalent to $2,400,000 in 2020), and opened January 1, 1961. Most sources state that it was the tallest concrete block structure in the world when it opened, with 90,000 concrete blocks, but the magazine Florida Architect states that it was built of reinforced concrete. One source states that the tower included 100,000 limestone blocks from Ocala while another states that it was faced with ceramic tile, implying that the tower has a facade of limestone tile. The tower below the balcony is 25 feet 4 inches (7.72 m) square, with its four vertical corners replaced by grooves (each 8 inches (20 cm) per side). The section above the balcony is 21 feet (6.40 m) square, also with corner grooves. Each wall is divided into vertical thirds. The outer thirds are composed of reinforced concrete blocks with a facade of limestone tile. The middle thirds are composed of decorative breeze or fence concrete blocks, which can only support themselves. The tower has a foundation made from 520 cubic yards (400 m³) of concrete reinforced with 80,000 pounds (36,000 kg) of steel. The tracery atop the tower is made of gold anodized aluminum.
Because of low ticket sales, the tower closed in 1982 when the owner would not pay their Internal Revenue Service taxes, but it was re-opened in 1986. The small group of owners still faced sluggish sales, and the tower and its restaurant continued to struggle, despite features such as a petting zoo in its plaza, and a pay phone at the top billed as the "highest pay phone in Florida." The last owner who operated the tower as a tourist attraction was Lake Placid Tower Group owned by Mark Cambell since 1992. He sold it to CHL Tower Group on November 6, 2003 which operated it as a cell phone tower until 2019. Even though the tower closed about 2003, it still has two red "OPEN" signs at its top, facing north and south. Originally, the tower above the balcony had the same basic design scheme as that below it. But after the tower closed, the portion of the tower from the balcony up was redesigned with a white and cyan (blue-green) color scheme. The limestone tile of the outer thirds of the walls was covered with white stucco, and the middle thirds were covered with thin cyan-colored panels which blocked the bird's eye view. These panels covered the two opposing triangular openings (top and bottom) in the middle third of each wall and the breeze or fence blocks between them. The roof tracery above and the balcony below them were also painted cyan. The Tower View restaurant at the base of the tower closed in 2015. The tower has been abandoned since 2020. The tower is among 35 designated Lake Placid historic structures. It is one of three towers in Central Florida, including the Citrus Tower, built in 1956, 100 miles (160 km) to the north in Clermont, and Bok Tower, built in 1929, 50 miles (80 km) to the north in Lake Wales.
As of June 2022, the tower is home to T-Mobile 5G cellular service and amateur radio communications by the Highlands County Amateur Radio Club W4HCA.


Lake Prokljan (Croatian: Prokljansko jezero) is a lake in the Croatian region of Dalmatia, located near the cities of Skradin and Šibenik.


The lake is situated in the lower reaches of the river Krka, and it covers an area of 11.1 square kilometres (4.3 sq mi). It is not entirely closed, but is connected to the sea by a narrow channel which leads to Šibenik harbor. Its elevation above sea level is 0.5 metres (1.6 ft) while its maximum depth is 25 metres (82 ft).
Despite its connection to the sea, it does not have high salinity: in the lower layers its water is salty, and near the surface it is freshwater. The northern part of the lake is quite shallow, with an average depth of about 4 meters, while the southern part is deeper, with some 20 to 25 meters.
The lake's major tributary is the Krka River, which has its source near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, flows through Knin and enters Prokljansko jezero near the city of Skradin.


In the northern part of the lake, there is a small islet called Stipanac, a site with ruins dating from antiquity to medieval times.


The lake is one of the local tourist attractions, especially owing to its rich offer of local specialties, such as eel and fish (čokalica and golac) in the nearby villages of Raslina, Prokljan, Zaton and Bilice. Another very popular tourist destination is Krka National Park, situated some fifteen kilometers from Skradin, which attracts about 700,000 visitors every year.


Lake Robertville is an artificial lake located in Wallonia near the city of Malmedy in Belgium. The water volume is 8,000,000 m³ and the area is 0,62 km². The lake is located in the High Fens park. The dam on the river Warche was built in 1928.
Lake Robertville is situated in the municipality of Waimes. It is named after the village of Robertville.


Lake Tahoe Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Truckee River, at the outlet of Lake Tahoe in Placer County, California.
Tahoe Dam regulates the top six feet of Lake Tahoe, and distributes the water into Tahoe's primary outflow, the Truckee River. The dam is located in Tahoe City and serves as the main storage facility for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Newlands Project that also includes the Lahontan Dam and two diversion dams, providing irrigation water for 55,000 acres (22,000 ha) of cropland mainly in the Lahontan Valley of western Nevada. The present Lake Tahoe dam replaced an older, privately owned dam built in 1870 at roughly the same location.
The dam was built between 1909 and 1913 and stands 18.2 ft (5.5 m) high and 109 ft (33 m) long, raising Lake Tahoe by up to 10.1 ft (3.1 m). Outflows from the dam are regulated by a gated spillway with 17 bays, with a maximum release capacity of 2,100 cubic feet per second (59 m³/s). It is situated 400 feet downstream from the lake's natural shore. This is meant to help hydraulic control during a dry season with low water levels. The reservoir receives water from a catchment of 505 sq mi (1,310 km²) and has a maximum storage capacity of 732,000 acre⋅ft (0.903 km³).


In the early 1860s, Russian born and San Francisco based engineer Alexis Waldemar Von Schmidt bought a large amount of land in the Tahoe-Truckee area with the hope of sending water westward to San Francisco via an aqueduct. He created the Lake Tahoe and San Francisco Water Works Company in 1865 in order to see his plan come to life, however Von Schmidt was shut down by California Legislature in 1870. Instead of allowing an aqueduct to be built from Tahoe to San Francisco, the California Legislature granted the Donner Lumber and Boom Company, which was then owned by Mark Hopkins and Leland Stanford, the right to build a dam on Tahoe's outlet. A small dam was then built from lumber and rocks. However, this did not discourage Von Schmidt, who, in the following year, continued to push for the ability to divert water to San Francisco. He eventually proposed his idea to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, which was to channel the water from the Truckee River to Squaw Valley, which would lead to the North Fork of the American River, and then finally through an aqueduct towards San Francisco. This project, in total would have cost $10 million at the time (today roughly $200 million) and had been approved by the San Francisco city supervisors, but was ultimately shut down by the mayor of San Francisco, who was wary of the possible lawsuits over water rights which could come his way.


As the USBR stated intent to repair the Tahoe Dam in 1987 in order to enhance its seismic resistance, the Paiute Tribe took advantage of this occasion to file a lawsuit against the federal government. In what became the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians v. Secretary of the Interior Hodel, the Paiute Tribe fought against how specific operations of the dam negatively impacted Pyramid Lake's endangered cui-iu fish species. The main problem which the Paiute Tribe had identified was that part of the Truckee River naturally flows into Pyramid Lake within the Paiute Reservation. However, with irrigation interference from the U.S. Government, Pyramid Lake received less water than it needed for its ecosystem to thrive. It was found that the endangerment of the cui-ui was directly related to the amount of water within Pyramid Lake. The court decided on August 9, 1989 that water would be stored in the Stampede Reservoir for the purpose of releasing it into Pyramid Lake as needed to partially make up for what water was being lost within the irrigation systems created and sustained by the Newlands Project.


After having been built in the early 1900s, Tahoe Dam has become a local landmark for Tahoe City and the greater Tahoe-Truckee area. It was recognized on a national level and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 25, 1981.
Another landmark associated with Tahoe Dam would be the famed Fanny Bridge, a small two-lane bridge connecting North Shore and West Shore of Lake Tahoe, located in Tahoe City and directly across from Tahoe Dam.


Lake Union is a freshwater lake located entirely within the city limits of Seattle, Washington, United States. It is a major part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, which carries fresh water from the much larger Lake Washington on the east to Puget Sound on the west. The easternmost point of the lake is the Ship Canal Bridge, which carries Interstate 5 over the eastern arm of the lake and separates Lake Union from Portage Bay. Lake Union is the namesake of the neighborhoods located on its east and west shores: Eastlake and Westlake respectively. The northern shore of the lake is home to Gas Works Park. Notable features of the southern area of the lake—collectively known as the South Lake Union district—include Lake Union Park, Museum of History & Industry (MOHAI), and the Center for Wooden Boats.
The Aurora Bridge (officially the George Washington Memorial Bridge) carries State Route 99 over the western arm of Lake Union. The Aurora Bridge is so named because it carries Aurora Ave N down the western side of the lake. Lake Union's westernmost point can be considered the Fremont Cut, which is located just west of the Aurora Bridge and is spanned by the Fremont Bridge. The Fremont Bridge carries Fremont Ave N between the neighborhoods of Fremont and Queen Anne and separates Lake Union from the rest of the Lake Washington Ship Canal to the west.


A glacial lake, its basin was dug 12,000 years ago by the Vashon glacier, which also created Lake Washington and Seattle's Green, Bitter, and Haller Lakes.


Lake Union received its present name from Thomas Mercer, who in 1854 correctly predicted that canals would someday join Lake Washington to Puget Sound in a "union of waters." The Duwamish called it – comparing it with what is now known as Lake Washington – "Small Lake" or "Little Lake" (Lushootseed: XáXu7cHoo or Ha-AH-Chu, literally "small great-amount-of-water," the diminutive form of the word used for Lake Washington). In Chinook, an intertribal trading language, it was called Tenas Chuck ("small water").


Several Seattle neighborhoods take their name from the lake: Eastlake, Westlake, Northlake, and South Lake Union; and three major streets are named in relation to it: Westlake Avenue, which runs along its western shore from Downtown to the Fremont Bridge; Eastlake Avenue, which runs along its eastern shore from Cascade to the University District, and Northlake Way, which runs along its northern shore from the University District past Gas Works Park to the edge of Fremont.


Boeing began production on Lake Union in 1916, there had a hanger assembled the company's first product B & W Seaplane. Shipyards, wharfs, and sawmills have also dotted the shore.


Lake Union's proximity to and scenic views of Seattle make it a popular recreational spot. Seaplanes operated by Kenmore Air and Seattle Seaplanes land and take off from the lake throughout the day. Pleasure boats from Lake Washington pass through on their way to Puget Sound. The Center for Wooden Boats holds a yearly wooden boat festival.  The world-famous Duck Dodge sailboat races are run on Lake Union each Tuesday during the summer. Rowers in sweep and sculling boats use the lake year-round. Paddle boarding and kayaking are also popular on this lake.


Gas Works Park is the largest park on Lake Union and the most popular for Seattleites and visitors. It is the venue for summer concerts and Seattle's major Fourth of July fireworks show. Other parks ring the lake, clockwise around the compass from Gas Works which is nearly due north: North Passage Point Park, South Passage Point Park, Fairview Park, Terry Pettus Park, and South Lake Union Park.


Floating homes line the east and west sides of Lake Union. In Sleepless in Seattle, the character played by Tom Hanks lived on one of these homes.


Part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal system, water flows into the lake from Lake Washington through the Montlake Cut, and out via the Fremont Cut on its way to Puget Sound. Before construction of the canal, Lake Union emptied into Salmon Bay via a creek which followed roughly the same course as the Fremont Cut does today.


Because of the connection via the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks to the salt water of Puget Sound, the water is brackish to a certain extent, which increases in the summer as the inflow rate from Lake Washington decreases and the locks open more frequently for pleasure craft.


Lake Union is home to several rowing centers and teams, including Holy Names Academy Crew, Lake Union Crew, Lake Washington Rowing Club and Pocock Rowing Center, all members of USRowing. Also rowing out of bodies of water attached to Lake Union are the Seattle Rowing Center and the Conibear Shellhouse, serving the Washington Huskies.


Lake Union is home to two seaplane bases: Kenmore Air Harbor Seaplane Base (IATA: LKE, FAA LID: W55), and Seattle Seaplanes (IATA: LKE, FAA LID: 0W0),  located one nautical mile (1.85 km) north of the central business district of Seattle.


This lake became famous as the rowing location for the Barcelona Olympics 1992 and the World Rowing Championships in 2004. It is also a popular training location for many foreign rowers, particularly English rowers. It was also the site for the 1991 Junior World Rowing Championships.


Lalita Ghat (Hindi: ललिता घाट) is one of the main ghats on the Ganges River in Varanasi. The ghat is named after Hindu Goddess Lalita and was built in early 19th century by King of Nepal, Rana Bahadur Shah. The ghat houses the famous Nepali Mandir and Lalita Gauri Mandir.


King of Nepal, Rana Bahadur Shah took exile in Varanasi from 1800 to 1804 and titled himself as "Swami Nirgunanda". During his exile, he decided to build a replica of Pashupatinath Temple in Varanasi. Construction of the temple commenced during his exile / stay in Varanasi. During the construction, Shah moved back to Nepal. On 25 April 1806, Rana Bahadur Shah was stabbed to death by his stepbrother, Sher Bahadur Shah. His son Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva undertook the construction of the temple (now called Nepali Mandir), a dharamshala and Lalita Ghat. The construction got over 20 years after the deadline.


The ghat is named after Hindu Goddess Lalita. Goddess Lalita is one of the group of ten goddesses of Hindu belief, collectively called Mahavidyas or Dasha-Mahavidyas. She is the foremost and the most important in Dasha-Mahavidyas. All other Mahavidyas concludes in her vidya i.e. Sri Vidya. Her consort is Maha Kameswara. She is the highest aspect of Goddess Adi Shakti. Parvati is the complete incarnation of Lalita Maha Tripura Sundari.
Affiliated to this site are the well known Lingam of Ganga Keshava; shrines of Gangatitya, Kashi Devi, Lalita Devi and Bhagirath Tirtha. It is a popular belief that a glimpse of Lalita Devi brings the same blessings as circumambulating the entire world. It is also believed that blessings of the Goddess Lalita eliminates problems and brings prosperity.


Lalita Ghat is situated on the bank of Ganges. It is 3.8 kilometers South-East of Varanasi Junction railway station and 100 meters South-West of Manikarnika Ghat.


A. H. Francke states that, "according to popular tradition," it was originally the foremost Bon monastery in Ladakh; its name means sauwastika and is a popular symbol in Bon for "eternity". Yungdrung is the name of the most popular school of Bon. It is currently affiliated with the Drikung Kagyu school of Buddhism.
The Drikung history states that the Indian scholar Naropa (956-1041 CE) allegedly caused a lake which filled the valley to dry up and founded Lamayuru Monastery. The oldest surviving building at Lamayuru is a temple called Seng-ge-sgang, at the southern end of the Lamayuru rock, which is attributed to the famous builder-monk Rinchen Zangpo (958-1055 CE). Rinchen Zangpo was charged by the king of Ladakh to build 108 gompas, and certainly many gompas in Ladakh, Spiti Valley and the surrounding regions, date from his time.
The oldest gompas, those dating from Rinchen-zang-po's time — Alchi and Lamayuru, and the less accessible Wanla, Mang-gyu and Sumda — belonged at the time of their foundation to none of these Tibetan schools, whose establishment they antedate. They were at some stage taken over by the Ka-dam-pa, and when it fell into decline they were taken over again, this time mostly by the Ge-lugs-pa. The exception was Lamayuru, which was for some reason claimed by the Dri-gung-pa"
The gompa consisted originally of five buildings, and some remains of the four corner buildings can still be seen.
Lamayuru is one of the largest and oldest gompas in Ladakh, with a population of around 150 permanent monks resident. It has, in the past, housed up to 400 monks, many of which are now based in gompas in surrounding villages.
Lamayuru is host to two annual masked dance festivals in the second and fifth months of the Tibetan lunar calendar, when all the monks from these surrounding gonpas gather together to pray.
Nearby is Wanla Monastery.


Within the palace precincts is Lambeth Palace Library, the official library of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the principal repository of records of the Church of England. It describes itself as "the largest religious collection outside of the Vatican".
The library was founded as a public library by Archbishop Richard Bancroft in 1610, and was historically located within the main Palace complex. A new purpose-built library and repository opened in 2021. This is located at the far end of the Palace gardens, with its entrance on Lambeth Palace Road, and was designed by Wright & Wright. In addition to the existing library collections, it houses the archival collections of various Church of England institutions formerly held at the Church of England Record Centre (opened 1989) in Bermondsey.
The library contains an extensive collection of material relating to ecclesiastical history, including the archives of the archbishops dating back to the 12th century, and those of other church bodies and of various Anglican missionary and charitable societies. Manuscripts include items dating back to the 9th century. The library also holds over 120,000 printed books. In 1996, when Sion College Library closed, Lambeth Palace Library acquired its important holdings of manuscripts, pamphlets, and pre-1850 printed books.
Topics covered by the collections range from the history of art and architecture to colonial and Commonwealth history, and numerous aspects of English social, political and economic history. The library is also an important resource for local history and genealogy. For online catalogues, see External links below.


Lambeth Town Hall, also known as Brixton Town Hall, is a municipal building at the corner of Brixton Hill and Acre Lane, Brixton, London. The town hall, which is the headquarters of Lambeth London Borough Council, is a Grade II listed building.


The building was commissioned to replace the Old Town Hall in Kennington Road which had been completed in 1853. After the area became a metropolitan borough in 1900, civic leaders decided that the old building was inadequate for their needs and decided to procure a larger building: the site they selected had been occupied by some residential properties.
After a design competition that attracted 143 entries, Septimus Warwick and H. Austen Hall were selected to design the building in Edwardian Baroque style. The foundation stone was laid by the mayor, Frederick Powell, on the 21 July 1906. The building was built by John Greenwood Limited at a cost, excluding furnishings, of £40,000 and it was formally opened  by the Prince and Princess of Wales on 29 April 1908.
The building was extended westwards between 1935 and 1938 to sympathetic designs by Whinney, Son and Austen Hall with E.R. Silver, adding an extra floor and creating an assembly hall. In 1964 a plaque was unveiled at the town hall to commemorate the life of Violette Szabo GC, a member of the Special Operations Executive, who had been brought up in Brixton before serving in the Second World War.
In June 1998 the former mayor of Southwark, Sam King, led the 50th anniversary celebrations of the docking of the cruise ship HMT Empire Windrush at the Port of Tilbury; a plaque was erected in the town hall to commemorate the event.
The building continued to serve as the headquarters of the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth for much of the 20th century and continued to be the local seat of government after the formation of the London Borough of Lambeth in 1965.
As part of a wider regeneration scheme, which included the construction of new residential units and offices, the town hall was the subject of a programme of refurbishment works which were undertaken by Morgan Sindall at a cost of £25 million and completed in 2018.


The building occupies a triangular site, with its longest and principal facades at Brixton Hill and Acre Lane. The design involves a symmetrical rounded frontage at the junction of these two roads; it features a doorway flanked by Doric order pilasters and the borough coat of arms above; there are five tall windows with integrated oculi interspersed with Ionic order columns on the first floor. Above the entrance rises the 134 feet (41 m) high clock tower which is a local landmark. The clock chimes out every 15 minutes. Sculpted stone figures surround the four clock faces, at the corners of the tower, representing Justice, Science, Art and Literature. On the Brixton Road facade near the foundation stone is a stone war memorial with the names of Lambeth Borough Council staff who died in the First World War.
The main external materials are Portland stone, Norwegian granite and red brick. Both the exterior and interior feature many original decorative details such as sculptures, metalwork and stained glass. Interior spaces include the council chamber, meeting rooms, atrium and a community room.


Lancaster Cathedral, also known as The Cathedral Church of St Peter and Saint Peter's Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It was a Roman Catholic parish church until 1924, when it was elevated to the status of a cathedral. It started as a mission church in 1798, and the present church was built on a different site in 1857–59. It was designed by E. G. Paley in the Gothic Revival style and is a grade II* listed building. In 1901 a baptistry was added by Austin and Paley, and the east end was reordered in 1995 by Francis Roberts. The cathedral is in active use, arranging services, concerts and other events, and is open to visitors.


Until the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Act in 1791 Lancaster's Roman Catholics met in a makeshift chapel in St Leonardsgate. Building the first Catholic church in the town began with the laying of the foundation stone for the Lancaster Catholic Mission in Dalton Square on 13 March 1798. The chapel was consecrated during the following year. By the middle of the 19th century, there was a need for a larger church. Land for this was purchased on a different site near to the mission church, and the parish church dedicated to Saint Peter was built. It was designed by the local architect E. G. Paley. Before the church was built, Paley had already designed schools, a convent, and a presbytery which were built on this land. Tenders for the church were invited in March 1857, the foundation stone was laid on 29 April, and the new church was consecrated on 4 October 1859 by Dr Alexander Goss, the bishop of Liverpool. The church and its associated buildings cost a total of £15,000 (£1,360,000 in 2015), of which £2,000 was bequeathed by Thomas Coulston. During future years, additions and alterations were made to the church by Paley and his future partner in the practice, Hubert Austin, and by his own son Henry Paley. These included the addition of a font in 1860, an organ gallery in 1888, chancel stalls in 1899, and a new baptistry in 1901; the baptistry cost £4,000 (£390,000 in 2015).
The golden jubilee of the church was celebrated in 1909, and a number of alterations were made under the direction of Giles Gilbert Scott. These included a new altar, replacement of the tiles on the floor by black and white marble, re-flooring of the nave, painting the walls, and replacing the pine benches by oak pews. In 1924 the Diocese of Lancaster was created and the church was elevated to the status of a cathedral. The cathedra (bishop's throne) was placed in the chancel. When the centenary was celebrated in 1959, the pipe organ was refurbished, and the painted Stations of the Cross were replaced by a set of carvings. Since then, there have been further minor changes to the interior of the cathedral, and in 1995 the east end was reordered by Francis Roberts.


The cathedral is constructed in sandstone ashlar, with roofs of slate, other than the baptistry which is roofed in copper. The architectural style is Gothic Revival. Its plan consists of a five-bay nave with a clerestory, aisles and transepts, a two-bay chancel with aisles, side chapels, and a semi-octagonal apse. The steeple stands at the northeast corner, and the octagonal baptistry is attached to the north transept. The steeple consists of a tower with a spire rising to a height of 240 feet (73 m). The tower is in four stages that are separated by string courses, and it has a stair turret at the northwest corner. On the west side of the bottom stage of the tower is a gabled north porch, above which is a canopied niche containing a statue of St Peter, and a three-light window. On each side of the second stage is a row of six arches, the central two arches containing windows, and on each side of the third stage is a small window. The top stage contains paired bell openings, and at the corner of the parapet are pinnacles. The spire is recessed, and has three tiers of lucarnes. At the west end of the church is a doorway, above which is a five-light window containing Geometric tracery. Along the sides of the aisles are three-light windows with Decorated tracery. In the north transept is a four-light window with Geometric tracery, and the south transept contains a ten-light wheel window surrounded by ten circular windows. In the apse are three-light windows containing decorated tracery.


Inside the cathedral are six-bay north and south arcades, and a west gallery carried on marble piers. Along the sides are chapels and confessionals. The Lady Chapel is at the northeast of the cathedral. The former sanctuary has been converted into the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, which has paintings on its walls. To the west of the chapel, behind the high altar, is a large reredos designed by Scott; this consists of a triptych containing paintings and carvings. The baptistry contains a central marble font, an altar with a reredos, and stained glass windows by Shrigley and Hunt. There is more stained glass by the same firm elsewhere in the cathedral, and other windows are by Hardman. Also in the church are monuments, one dating from about 1860 by Richard Westmacott, junior. The original organ in St Peter's was moved from the mission church in Dalton Square. This was replaced in 1889 by a new, three-manual organ by Henry Ainscough of Preston. Alterations were made to it in 1976 by Pendlebury of Cleveleys. As of 2012 it is being restored by Henry Willis and Sons of Liverpool. There is a  ring of ten bells. Eight of these were cast in 1879 by John Warner and Sons, the other two in 1848 by Mears and Stainbank at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry.


St Peter's was designated as a Grade II* listed building on 10 November 1994. Grade II* buildings are defined as being "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; only 5.5% of the listed buildings are included in this grade. In the Buildings of England series, Hartwell and Pevsner express the opinion that the church is the "chef d'oeuvre" of Paley's works. They also describe the baptistry as being a "tour de force". In his book about the architectural practice of Sharpe, Paley and Austin, Brandwood expresses the opinion that the building is "Paley's masterwork as an independent church architect".


The building is in active use as a Roman Catholic cathedral, which arranges Masses and other regular services, and organises concerts and other events. The cathedral is open daily to visitors, and arranges group and educational visits.


The Landesmuseum Mainz,  or Mainz State Museum, is a museum of art and history in Mainz, Germany.  In March 2010 it reopened in full after an extensive renovation.
The museum has its roots in a painting collection donated by Napoleon and Chaptal to the city of Mainz in 1803.  It moved into its current location, in the former electoral stables, in 1937, by which time it had grown significantly.  It received its present name in 1986, and was renovated and modernised from 2004 to 2010.


(Partial list.)
Pre-Historic and Roman Departments
Antiquities from the Mainz area, including a Venus-like statue from 23,000 BC; stone axes from the Late Stone Age; Roman stone memorials; busts of bronze and marble; a 1st-century Roman Jupiter Column; a 3rd-century Roman arch.
Prince Johann Georg Collection
Near-Eastern finds assembled by Prince Johann Georg, including medieval icons, Byzantine art and Egyptian relics.
Medieval Department
A Byzantine spangenhelm; a Madonna made of ivory; a relief cycle of Prince Electors; a cycle of nine paintings of Mary by the Master of the Housebook.
Renaissance Department
Works by Lorenzo di Credi, Hans Baldung Grien (presumed), Peter Binoit (presumed), Philippe de Champaigne, Willem Claeszoon Heda, and Jean Bardin.
Baroque Collection
17th- and 18th-century paintings, sculptures, furniture and porcelain from Germany, France, the Netherlands and Italy; a set of equipment belonging to Maximilian von Welsch.
19th- and 20th-century Paintings
Works by Philipp Veit,  Wilhelm Lindenschmit the Elder, Max Liebermann, Lovis Corinth, Antoni Tàpies, and one painting by Pablo Picasso (Head of a Woman).  The large collection of Max Slevogt paintings is mostly displayed in Villa Ludwigshöhe.
Graphics Collection
Works by Edgar Degas, Paul Signac, Alfred Sisley, Picasso, William Turner (Mainz from the South, watercolour), Adolph von Menzel, and Paul Klee.
Judaica
Items from Mainz's Jewish history, including the gravestone of Gershom ben Judah (d. 1049); cultural and religious items from the 18th and 19th centuries; gold- and silverware.
The museums also hosts teaching events.


The Landis Valley Village & Farm Museum is a 100-acre living history museum located on the site of a former rural crossroads village in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Founded by brothers Henry K. Landis and George Landis in 1925 and incorporated in 1941, it is now operated by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Its staff and volunteers collect, conserve, exhibit, and interpret Pennsylvania German material, culture, history and heritage from 1740 through 1940.