Question: Are the flowers of this plant male or female?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: hermaphroditic


Question: Along with green, what is a color of this plant's flower?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: yellow


Question: What kind of annular calyx are the flowers of this plant composed of?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: entire


Question: How developed are the sepals of this plant?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: almost fully developed


Question: Are the sepals of this plant fully developed?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: almost


Question: How long are the petals of this plant?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: 2.5 mm


Question: this plant has a double perianth radial what?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: symmetry


Question: What color is this plant flowers range from yellow to?

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Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: green


Question: What is the double perianth radial of this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: symmetry


Question: In what dimension are the flowers of this plant 7-10 mm?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Appearing from midsummer to early autumn, the flowers are produced in a 20 cm panicle of small umbels, each umbel 7–10 mm in diameter with 5–10 flowers. The flowers are hermaphroditic, having a colour ranging from yellow to green and a double perianth radial symmetry. They are composed of an entire annular calyx, five almost fully developed sepals, a corolla with five petals 2.5 mm long, with five stamens and five or six carpels that enclose the ovary. The style is not recognizable and the stigma is established.

Answer: diameter


Question: What do the fruits of this plant do from late summer to early winter?

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The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: ripen


Question: When do the fruits of this plant begin to ripen?

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The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: late summer


Question: At what stage do the fruits of this plant turn red-violet?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: maturity


Question: When do the fruits of this plant stop ripening?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: early winter


Question: What does the endocarp of this plant contain five of?

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The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: seeds


Question: How many seeds does this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The fruits have an almost spherical oval drupe, with a diameter of about 5 mm. The endocarp contains five seeds. The fruits ripen from late summer to early winter.  They begin as orange glandular points.  At maturity, they become red-violet. The fruits are inedible to humans.

Answer: five


Question: Which direction has this plant spread in queensland?

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This species is indigenous to the northern tropical regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Java. It has spread into areas of Queensland south of its natural range, and has been recorded to outcompete native species in this area.

Answer: south


Question: What has this plant done to areas of queensland south of its natural range?

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This species is indigenous to the northern tropical regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Java. It has spread into areas of Queensland south of its natural range, and has been recorded to outcompete native species in this area.

Answer: spread


Question: Besides papua new guinea and java, what other country is this plant native to?

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This species is indigenous to the northern tropical regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Java. It has spread into areas of Queensland south of its natural range, and has been recorded to outcompete native species in this area.

Answer: australia


Question: What has this plant been recorded to do?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

This species is indigenous to the northern tropical regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Java. It has spread into areas of Queensland south of its natural range, and has been recorded to outcompete native species in this area.

Answer: outcompete native species


Question: What type of range has this plant expanded south of?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

This species is indigenous to the northern tropical regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Java. It has spread into areas of Queensland south of its natural range, and has been recorded to outcompete native species in this area.

Answer: natural


Question: What does this plant tolerate along with poor growing conditions?

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Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: neglect


Question: Along with poor growing conditions, what does this plant tolerate?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: neglect


Question: Why have numerous cultivars of this plant been selected?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: variations in leaf colour and pattern


Question: What else besides neglect does this plant tolerate well?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: poor growing conditions


Question: What is one of the reasons this plant is popular as a houseplant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: tolerance of neglect


Question: In what type of climate is this plant grown as a garden plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: milder


Question: What color white can this plant's leaves be?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: creamy


Question: What must be mild for this plant to be a good landscape plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: climates


Question: Other than the edges, what part of the leaves of this plant are often yellow?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: centres


Question: What part of the leaf is often creamy-white or yellow in this plant cultivars?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: edges or centres


Question: What part of this plant has been bred for different colors and patterns?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera arboricola is commonly grown as a houseplant, popular for its tolerance of neglect and poor growing conditions. It is also grown as a landscape (garden) plant in milder climates where frosts are not severe. Numerous cultivars have been selected for variations in leaf colour and pattern, often variegated with creamy-white to yellow edges or centres, and dwarf forms. The cultivar 'Gold Capella' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Answer: leaf


Question: What shape are the calcium oxalate crystals in this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: sharp


Question: Who should be kept away from consuming this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: children and household pets


Question: What kind of oxalate crystals does this plant contain?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: calcium


Question: What should children and household pets be kept away from doing to this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: consuming


Question: Along with household pets, who should avoid consuming this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: children


Question: Along with vomiting, difficulty swallowing and oral irritation, what is a sign of poisoning from this plant in pets?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: excessive drooling


Question: What kind of drooling can be a sign of poisoning from this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: excessive


Question: Along with the mouth and tongue, what part of a pet's mouth can be affected by poisoning from this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: lips


Question: Along with exposed tissues, what part of an animal's body can be damaged by ingesting this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: digestive tract


Question: What type of tract can be damaged by ingesting this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: digestive


Question: How bad is the burning in a pet's mouth from ingesting this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: intense


Question: What kind of burning sensation can a pet get from eating this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: intense


Question: In what part of the body might a pet show signs of poisoning from this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: mouth


Question: What kind of tissues can be damaged by consuming this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: exposed


Question: What happens to damaged tissues in animals that ingest this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Schefflera poisoning is due to the species containing "sharp" calcium oxalate crystals that are insoluble and damage the cells and tissues of the animals ingesting them. For their own safety, children and household pets should be kept away from consuming this plant.  In animals, the resulting damage (swelling) of exposed tissues and digestive tract may be fatal to the animal. Signs of poisoning in pets can include: oral irritation, intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing.

Answer: swelling


Question: What type of plant is this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: tropical


Question: What can this plant adapt to a wide variety of?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: light levels


Question: What does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: higher light


Question: When should you let the soil of your this plant dry out?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: between waterings


Question: Does this plant prefer or avoid higher light?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: prefers


Question: What should you avoid letting this plant sit in?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: water


Question: When should you let the soil dry out on your this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: between waterings


Question: Along with moisture, what does this plant like?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: humidity


Question: Where should you not let this plant sit after you water it?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: in water


Question: What light levels can this plant adapt to?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant prefers higher light if possible, but can adapt to a wide variety of light levels. As a tropical plant it likes moisture (and humidity), but avoid letting the plant sit in water after you water it.  It likes to be moist but not wet so just let the soil dry out between waterings.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: What do the aerial roots of this plant convert to when they reach the ground?

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Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: fully functional roots


Question: What does this plant produce?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: aerial roots


Question: Where do aerial roots of this plant convert to fully functional roots?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: the ground


Question: What does this plant produce under the right conditions?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: aerial roots


Question: Do the aerial roots of this plant give or take away from the plant's appearance?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: give


Question: What kind of appearance do the aerial roots of this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: unusual and interesting


Question: Where do aerial roots of this plant convert to roots?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: the ground


Question: What kind of appearance do the aerial roots of this plant give the plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Under the right conditions, this plant will produce aerial roots that, when they reach the ground, will convert to fully functional roots. They give the plant an unusual and interesting appearance. Three conditions must be maintained for the plant to produce them: a high growth rate, insufficient trunk roots (the plant is root bound or these roots are pruned) and constant, very high humidity.

Answer: unusual and interesting


Question: How many longitudinal veins do the leaves of this plant have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Scoliopus bigelovii is a species of flowering plant in the lily family known by several common names, including California fetid adderstongue, Bigelow's adderstongue, slinkpod, and brownies. It is native to California, where it is known from the Santa Cruz Mountains, parts of the San Francisco Bay Area and North Coast Ranges. It has also been collected just over the border in Oregon. It occurs in old-growth forest in the understory of redwoods. It grows in mossy, moist places, often in shade.
This herbaceous perennial, one of two species of Scoliopus, grows from a rhizome and a small section of underground stem. The above-ground parts include two large leaves each up to 24 cm × 10 cm (9.4 in × 3.9 in). There are sometimes 3 or 4 leaves. They have several longitudinal veins and are green with darker green or purplish mottling. The inflorescence is actually an umbel of flowers, but the peduncle is mostly underground with 3 to 12 flower-bearing pedicels rising above the surface, appearing separate. The flower has three flat, spreading, pointed oval or lance-shaped sepals and three narrower, linear or fingerlike petals. The sepals are pale or greenish and striped or streaked with dark purple. The flower has a disagreeable scent. The three short stamens are located at the bases of the sepals. The style has three long, often curving branches. The fruit is a capsule. As it matures, the pedicel that bears it twists or droops down to bring it in contact with the substrate.
The flower is pollinated by fungus gnats of the genera Mycetophilla, Sciara, and Corynoptera. Seeds are dispersed by ants, including Formica fusca, Formica rufibaris, and Aphaenogaster subterranea.

Answer: several


Question: In what temperate regions of the world is this plant found?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Sedum album, the white stonecrop, is a flowering plant of the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae. It is found in the northern temperate regions of the world, often growing in crevices or free-draining rocky soil. As a long-day plant it grows vegetatively for most of the year and flowers in summer.

Answer: northern


Question: What genus is this plant in?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: senecio


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: asteraceae


Question: What is one common name for this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: texas ragwort


Question: Where is this plant native?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: texas


Question: What is the scientific name of this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: senecio ampullaceus


Question: Along with texas ragwort, texas squaw-weed and texas butterweed, what is another common name for this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: texas groundsel


Question: What is this plant recommended for in its native texas?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: landscape use


Question: What shape is the flower head of this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: flask


Question: What kind of use is this plant recommended for?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: landscape


Question: What is the recommended use for this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Senecio ampullaceus,  also known as Texas ragwort, Texas squaw-weed, Texas groundsel,
and Texas butterweed,
is a species of Senecio in the family Asteraceae, receiving its Latin name ampullaceus from its flask shaped flower-head.
It is recommended for landscape use in its native Texas.

Answer: landscape


Question: When does this plant flower?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: early–mid spring


Question: What color are the seedlings of this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: purplish


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: ovate


Question: What part of the leaves of this plant are tapered?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: bases


Question: How does this plant compare to s. quaylei?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: similar


Question: During what season do the seedlings of this plant have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: winter


Question: How many flower heads does this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: 10 to 30


Question: What color are the bracts of this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: green to grayish


Question: How many stems does this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: single


Question: How many seeds are in the fruits of this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: one


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: ovate


Question: What part of this plant is thin and branching?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: roots


Question: What shape are the tips of the this plant leaves?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: pointed


Question: What shape are the bases of this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: tapered


Question: Do the seedlings of this plant have a purple color especially or generally along their midrib?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: especially


Question: Are the stems and leaves of this plant covered or bare of hairs?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: covered


Question: How are the leaf stalks of this plant winged?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: broadly


Question: What is the maximum height of this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The seedlings of S. ampullaceus often have a purplish color on the undersides of their leaves in the winter, especially along their midrib.  Flowering in early–mid spring, Texas ragwort is a tall annual,
growing to from 20 centimeters (7.9 in) to 80 centimeters (31 in) tall and similar to S. quaylei.
Stems and leaves:
The leaves with broadly winged leaf stalks, grow from single stems; the nodes between leaves getting shorter and shorter higher on the stem.  Ovate leaves with pointed tips 3 centimeters (1.2 in) to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long by 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) to 4 centimeters (1.6 in) wide with tapered bases.  Leaves at the lower portion of the plant have more teeth on their edges than the leaves at the upper portion of the mature plant.
Stems and leaves are covered loosely and unevenly with a mat of fine hairs, occasionally having no hairs.
Flowers:
Flowering stalks have 10 to 30 flower heads which as a group make a flat top to the whole plant.  Each flower head is surrounded by 2 to 8 bractlets or mini-leaves, each 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to more than 2 millimeters (0.079 in).  Approximately 13 green to grayish bracts, 7 millimeters (0.28 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) long surrounding 8 ray florets and an 8 millimeters (0.31 in) to 10 millimeters (0.39 in) corolla.
Fruits:
One seeded fruits with rigid pappus.
Roots:
Roots relatively thin and branching.

Answer: 80 centimeters


Question: What type of soil does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: sandy


Question: Along with sandy areas, where does this plant prefer to live?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: disturbed sites


Question: In what country is this plant native?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: united states


Question: Is this plant native or non-native?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: native


Question: Up to how many meters does this plant prefer to be?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: 800


Question: Which southeastern us state does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: arkansas


Question: How many feet does this plant prefer in altitude?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: 2,600


Question: Is this plant a native or non-native species?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

S. ampullaceus prefers altitudes of 100 meters (330 ft) to 800 meters (2,600 ft) in open sandy or disturbed sites.
Native:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas
or
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South central United States: Texas
Current:
Nearctic:
North-central United States: Missouri, Oklahoma
Southeastern United States: Arkansas
South-central United States: Texas

Answer: native


Question: Where does this plant grow up to an altitude of 1,200 meters?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Senna alata is native to most of the Neotropics (from Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay), and can be found in diverse habitats. In the tropics, it grows up to an altitude of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). It is an invasive species in Austronesia distributed in ranges from India to America. These plants have a greater ornamental and medicinal value in the southeast Asia, North Australia and African ranges.

Answer: the tropics


Question: What kind of plant is this?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Serruria fasciflora or common pin spiderhead is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. It is a sprawling to upright shrublet of 40 cm to 1 m (11⁄3–31⁄3 ft) high and about 1⁄2 m (12⁄3 ft) wide. It has finely divided, upward curving leaves with thread-thin segments and clusters of sweetly scented heads, each consisting of five to seven silvery pink flowers, that may be found year-round, but mostly from May to December. It is a rather widespread and common species, that is restricted to the south of the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: What is the earliest month that this plant blooms in the us?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Flowers appear in late spring and persist until the autumn. In the United States, this species blooms between June and September,  in South Africa between November and January.
When the carpellous structures dry out, the seeds drop close to the base of the plant.  The seed coats are impermeable, which means they can be dispersed by water. This impermeability is caused by callose. Hence, they are often found near rivers and brooks. This species is also commonly found near roadsides, maybe the seeds were  imported with the soil used for construction. This species is shade-tolerant. Seedlings  can produce flowers and seeds after three month, although flowering most commonly occurs at two years of age. The plant can survive frost, but not for prolonged periods of time .

Answer: june


Question: Where has this plant been declared a noxious weed?

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These plants are used as ornamentals due to their graceful shape and beautiful red flowers. It can easily be grown from seeds, which require scarification in order to germinate.
The species has been classified as invasive in many of the southern United States such as Virginia, California, Texas, and Florida.  This shrub can often form dense thickets. It is replacing native species of plants in riparian areas, taking food resources away from the local wildlife. In addition, this species contributes to riverbank erosion and flooding. It has been declared a noxious weed and/or seed in the United States in the aquatic, terrestrial, and seed forms.
This plant has no known economic or medicinal uses. Its close relative S. virgata  has been used to control soil erosion, rehabilitate disturbed areas, and revitalize riparian habitats. Juice made from the leaves of this plant reduces the response to painful stimulation and inflammatory edema in mice.

Answer: united states


Question: What color is the breast of this bird?

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Bay-breasted warblers breed in the boreal spruce-fir forests of eastern and central Canada, as well as the extreme northern United States. The species winters in the wet lowland forests of northeastern South America, the Caribbean, and southern Central America, and may be seen during spring and fall migration across the eastern half of the United States in a variety of vegetative communities. Many individuals cross the Gulf of Mexico on their long-distance migration, although some travel north and south along the Mexican shore.

Answer: bay


Question: What does this bird glean?

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The cerulean warbler forages throughout the forest canopy, predominantly at middle to top layers. It hops from branch to branch, gleaning small soft-bodied insects from leaves and twigs. In the non-breeding season, it may also glean insects from flowers. Its preferred prey consists of butterfly and moth (lepidopteran larvae), though it supplements its diet with winged insects. In its non-breeding range, it preferentially forages on trees of the genus Inga.
Foraging is vertically segregated; males tend to forage at somewhat higher elevations in the canopy than females. The difference in height average is about 2 m (6.6 ft). They stay with mixed-species flocks as they forage, sharing spaces with species such as the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Blackburnian warbler, and Tennessee warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina). The other species forage at different heights and substrates, preventing competition. At the high elevations and relatively sparser vegetation that the cerulean warbler prefers, the gleaning technique it uses is more effective than aerial maneouvreing. Foraging locations tend to be lower than nest placements.

Answer: insects from leaves and twigs


Question: In what part of north america does this bird breed?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The yellow-rumped warbler breeds from eastern North America west to the Pacific, and southward from there into Western Mexico. "Goldman's" yellow-rumped warbler is a non-migratory endemic within the highlands of Guatemala and the black-fronted warbler is also a non-migratory Mexican endemic. The myrtle and Audubon's forms are migratory, traveling to the southern U.S., Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean for winters.
The breeding area of the myrtle warbler group ranges from eastern Alaska all the way across Canada towards Newfoundland, and to the south, from Alberta in Canada towards the New England region of the U.S., also including the northern Great Lakes region. As a migratory form of the yellow-rumped warbler, the myrtle warbler group spent the winter in a wide variety of places outside its aforementioned breeding area. On the U.S. West Coast, in winter, the myrtle group ranges from the state of Washington all the way to California; it can also be found in the state of New Mexico, as well as the region extending from southern Nebraska towards the Gulf of Mexico. On the U.S. East Coast, the myrtle group most commonly winters along the Atlantic Coast north to Massachusetts, but can also be found in other places such as Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, etc., though the exact population tend to vary on an annual basis. Part of the myrtle group may also choose to spend the winter further to the south of the U.S., in many areas of Mexico and Central America, including the Bahamas, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
The Audubon's warbler group's breeding area concurs with many mountain terrains, which ranges from British Columbia and Alberta in Canada towards Baja California in Mexico, as well as certain parts of many states in the U.S., including Arizona, Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Texas, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, etc.; some other isolated subspecies belonging to this group can be found in northwest Mexico and in Central America, Guatemala in particular. Among warblers, the Audubon's is by far the most widespread in North America in winter, and in the northern and central parts of the continent, it is among the last to leave in the fall and among the first to return and is an occasional vagrant to the British Isles and Iceland. Similar to the myrtle group, the Audubon's is a migratory group as well. Studies have shown that its northern subspecies spends the winter in the area along the Pacific Coast of the North American continent, ranging from British Columbia and Vancouver Island in Canada to several southwest states of the U.S., including California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and New Mexico, etc. Some parts of the Audubon's group may also spend their winter further to the south of the U.S., too, in Mexico and several other Caribbean states, including Guatemala and Honduras.

Answer: eastern


Question: Which edition of systema naturae contained the description of this bird?

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The American redstart was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Motacilla ruticilla.
The genus name Setophaga is from Ancient Greek ses, "moth", and phagos, "eating", and the specific  ruticilla is  New Latin  for "redstart" from Latin  rutilus, "red", and New Latin cilla, "tail". "Redstart" refers to the male's red tail, "start" being an old word for tail.

Answer: 10th


Question: Who formally described this bird?

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The western bluebird  was formally described by the English naturalist William John Swainson in 1832 and given the binomial name Sialia mexicana.
Six subspecies are recognised:
S. m. occidentalis Townsend, JK, 1837 – southwest Canada to north Baja California (northwest Mexico)
S. m. bairdi Ridgway, 1894 – interior west USA to Sonora and Chihuahua (northwest Mexico)
S. m. jacoti Phillips, AR, 1991 – south central USA and northeast Mexico
S. m. amabilis Moore, RT, 1939 – northcentral Mexico
S. m. nelsoni Phillips, AR, 1991 – central Mexico
S. m. mexicana Swainson, 1832 – south central Mexico

Answer: william john swainson


Question: What has this plant been used to do to desertification?

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Plantations of jojoba have been established in a number of desert and semi-desert areas, predominantly in Argentina, Australia, Israel, Mexico, Peru and the United States. It is currently the Sonoran Desert's second most economically valuable native plant (overshadowed only by Washingtonia filifera—California fan palms, used as ornamental trees).
Jojoba prefers light, coarsely textured soils. Good drainage and water penetration is necessary. It tolerates salinity and nutrient-poor soils. Soil pH should be between 5 and 8. High temperatures are tolerated by jojoba, but frost can damage or kill plants.   Requirements are minimal, so jojoba plants do not need intensive cultivation. Weed problems only occur during the first two years after planting and there is little damage by insects. Supplemental irrigation could maximize production where rainfall is less than 400 mm. There is no need for high fertilisation, but, especially in the first year, nitrogen increases growth. Jojoba is normally harvested by hand because seeds do not all mature in the same time. Yield is around 3.5 t/ha depending on the age of the plantation.
Selective breeding is developing plants that produce more beans with higher wax content, as well as other characteristics that will facilitate harvesting.
Its ability to withstand high salinity (up to 12 dS m⁻¹ at pH 9) and the high value of jojoba products make jojoba an interesting plant for the use of desertification control. It has been used to combat and prevent desertification in the Thar Desert in India.

Answer: combat and prevent


Question: What does this plant do with high salinity?

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Plantations of jojoba have been established in a number of desert and semi-desert areas, predominantly in Argentina, Australia, Israel, Mexico, Peru and the United States. It is currently the Sonoran Desert's second most economically valuable native plant (overshadowed only by Washingtonia filifera—California fan palms, used as ornamental trees).
Jojoba prefers light, coarsely textured soils. Good drainage and water penetration is necessary. It tolerates salinity and nutrient-poor soils. Soil pH should be between 5 and 8. High temperatures are tolerated by jojoba, but frost can damage or kill plants.   Requirements are minimal, so jojoba plants do not need intensive cultivation. Weed problems only occur during the first two years after planting and there is little damage by insects. Supplemental irrigation could maximize production where rainfall is less than 400 mm. There is no need for high fertilisation, but, especially in the first year, nitrogen increases growth. Jojoba is normally harvested by hand because seeds do not all mature in the same time. Yield is around 3.5 t/ha depending on the age of the plantation.
Selective breeding is developing plants that produce more beans with higher wax content, as well as other characteristics that will facilitate harvesting.
Its ability to withstand high salinity (up to 12 dS m⁻¹ at pH 9) and the high value of jojoba products make jojoba an interesting plant for the use of desertification control. It has been used to combat and prevent desertification in the Thar Desert in India.

Answer: withstand


Question: What is this plant to some lepidoptera caterpillars?

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The flowers are pollinated by various bees like Andrena agilissima and flies (entomophily). Sinapis arvensis is the host plant of the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the small white, Pieris rapae. The seeds are toxic to most animals, except birds,  and can cause gastrointestinal problems, especially if consumed in large quantities.
It is a highly invasive species in states such as California.

Answer: host plant


Question: Who described this moth?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Smyrna blomfildia blomfildia Fabricius, 1793 (Brazil)
Smyrna blomfildia datis Fruhstorfer, 1908 (Mexico to Panama)

Answer: fruhstorfer


Question: How tall does this plant grow?

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Solanum americanum grows up to 1–1.5 metres (39–59 in) tall and is an annual or short-lived perennial. The leaves are alternate on the branch, and vary greatly in size, up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long and 7 centimetres (2.8 in) broad, with a 4-centimetre (1.6 in) petiole and a coarsely wavy or toothed margin. The flowers are about 1 cm diameter, white or occasionally light purple, with yellow stamens. The fruit is a shiny black berry 5–10 millimetres (0.20–0.39 in) diameter, containing numerous small seeds.

Answer: 1–1.5 metres


Question: How much salty wind can this plant tolerate?

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Grows in well-drained soils in full sun or partial shade. Tolerates moderately salty winds. Is very fast growing but short lived. Solanum laciniatum often colonises disturbed soil and tracks.

Answer: moderately


Question: What are the benefits of lycopene and beta-carotene in this tomato?

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The poor taste and lack of sugar in modern garden and commercial tomato varieties resulted from breeding tomatoes to ripen uniformly red. This change occurred after discovery of a mutant "u" phenotype in the mid 20th century that ripened "u"niformly. This was widely cross-bred to produce red fruit without the typical green ring around the stem on uncross-bred varieties. Prior to general introduction of this trait, most tomatoes produced more sugar during ripening, and were sweeter and more flavorful.
Evidence has been found that 10–20% of the total carbon fixed in the fruit can be produced by photosynthesis in the developing fruit of the normal U phenotype. The u genetic mutation encodes a factor that produces defective chloroplasts with lower density in developing fruit, resulting in a lighter green colour of unripe fruit, and repression of sugars accumulation in the resulting ripe fruit by 10–15%. Perhaps more important than their role in photosynthesis, the fruit chloroplasts are remodelled during ripening into chlorophyll-free chromoplasts that synthesize and accumulate the carotenoids lycopene, β-carotene, and other metabolites that are sensory and nutritional assets of the ripe fruit. The potent chloroplasts in the dark-green shoulders of the U phenotype are beneficial here, but have the disadvantage of leaving green shoulders near the stems of the ripe fruit, and even cracked yellow shoulders, apparently because of oxidative stress due to overload of the photosynthetic chain in direct sunlight at high temperatures. Hence genetic design of a commercial variety that combines the advantages of types u and U requires fine tuning, but may be feasible.
Furthermore, breeders of modern tomato cultivars typically strive to produce tomato plants exhibiting improved yield, shelf life, size, and tolerance/resistance to various environmental pressures, including disease. However, these breeding efforts have yielded unintended negative consequences on various tomato fruit attributes. For instance, linkage drag is a phenomenon that has been responsible for alterations in the metabolism of the tomato fruit. Linkage drag describes the introduction of an undesired trait or allele into a plant during backcrossing. This trait/allele is physically linked (or is very close) to the desired allele along the chromosome. In introducing the beneficial allele, there exists a high likelihood that the poor allele is also incorporated into the plant. Thus, breeding efforts attempting to enhance certain traits (for example: larger fruit size) have unintentionally altered production of chemicals associated with, for instance, nutritional value and flavor.
Breeders have turned to using wild tomato species as a source of alleles for the introduction of beneficial traits into modern tomato varieties. For example, wild tomato relatives may possess higher amounts of fruit solids (which are associated with greater sugar content) or resistance to diseases caused by microbes, such as resistance towards the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. However, this tactic has limitations, for the incorporation of certain traits, such as pathogen resistance, can negatively impact other favorable phenotypes, such as fruit production.

Answer: sensory and nutritional