Question: How many feet deep could a house built on this bridge be?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

After the murder of his former friend and later opponent Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, the penitent King Henry II commissioned a new stone bridge in place of the old, with a chapel at its centre dedicated to Becket as martyr. The archbishop had been a native Londoner and a popular figure. The Chapel of St Thomas on the Bridge became the official start of pilgrimage to his Canterbury shrine; it was grander than some town parish churches, and had an additional river-level entrance for fishermen and ferrymen. Building work began in 1176, supervised by Peter of Colechurch. The costs would have been enormous; Henry's attempt to meet them with taxes on wool and sheepskins probably gave rise to a later legend that London Bridge was built on wool packs. In 1202, before Colechurch's death, Isembert, a French monk who was renowned as a bridge builder, was appointed by King John to complete the project. Construction was not finished until 1209. There were houses on the bridge from the start; this was a normal way of paying for the maintenance of a bridge, though in this case it had to be supplemented by other rents and by tolls. From 1282 two bridge wardens were responsible for maintaining the bridge, heading the organization known as the Bridge House. The only two collapses occurred when maintenance had been neglected, in 1281 (five arches) and 1437 (two arches). In 1212, perhaps the greatest of the early fires of London broke out, spreading as far as the chapel and trapping many people.
The bridge was about 926 feet (282 metres) long, and had nineteen piers linked by nineteen arches and a wooden drawbridge. There were 'starlings' around the piers to protect them (they had deeper piles than the piers themselves). The bridge, including the part occupied by houses, was from 20 to 24 feet wide (6.1–7.3 metres). The roadway was mostly around 15 feet wide (4.6 metres), varying from about 14 feet to 16 feet, except that it was narrower at defensive features (the stone gate, the drawbridge and the drawbridge tower) and wider south of the stone gate. The houses occupied only a few feet on each side of the bridge. They received their main support either from the piers, which extended well beyond the bridge itself from west to east, or from 'hammer beams' laid from pier to pier parallel to the bridge. It was the length of the piers which made it possible to build quite large houses, up to 34 feet deep (10.4 metres).
The numerous starlings restricted the river's tidal ebb and flow. The difference in water levels on the two sides of the bridge could be as much as 6 feet (1.8 m), producing ferocious rapids between the piers resembling a weir. Only the brave or foolhardy attempted to "shoot the bridge" – steer a boat between the starlings when in flood – and some were drowned in the attempt. The bridge was "for wise men to pass over, and for fools to pass under."  The restricted flow also meant that in hard winters the river upstream was more susceptible to freezing.
The number of houses on the bridge reached its maximum in the late fourteenth century, when there were 140. Subsequently many of the houses, originally only 10 to 11 feet wide, were merged, so that by 1605 there were 91. Originally they are likely to have had only two storeys, but they were gradually enlarged. In the seventeenth century, when there are detailed descriptions of them, almost all had four or five storeys (counting the garrets as a storey); three houses had six storeys. Two-thirds of the houses were rebuilt from 1477 to 1548. In the seventeenth century, the usual plan was a shop on the ground floor, a hall and often a chamber on the first floor, a kitchen and usually a chamber and a waterhouse (for hauling up water in buckets) on the second floor, and chambers and garrets above. Approximately every other house shared in a 'cross building' above the roadway, linking the houses either side and extending from the first floor upwards.
All the houses were shops, and the bridge was one of the City of London's four or five main shopping streets. There seems to have been a deliberate attempt to attract the more prestigious trades. In the late fourteenth century more than four-fifths of the shopkeepers were haberdashers, glovers, cutlers, bowyers and fletchers or from related trades. By 1600 all of these had dwindled except the haberdashers, and the spaces were filled by additional haberdashers, by traders selling textiles and by grocers. From the late seventeenth century there was a greater variety of trades, including metalworkers such as pinmakers and needle makers, sellers of durable goods such as trunks and brushes, booksellers and stationers.
The three major buildings on the bridge were the chapel, the drawbridge tower and the stone gate, all of which seem to have been present soon after the bridge's construction. The chapel was last rebuilt in 1387–1396, by Henry Yevele, master mason to the king. Following the Reformation, it was converted into a house in 1553. The drawbridge tower was where the severed heads of traitors were exhibited. The drawbridge ceased to be opened in the 1470s and in 1577–1579 the tower was replaced by Nonsuch House—despite the name, a pair of magnificent houses. Its architect was Lewis Stockett, Surveyor of the Queen’s Works, who gave it the second classical facade in London (after Somerset House in the Strand). The stone gate was last rebuilt in the 1470s, and later took over the function of displaying the heads of traitors. The heads were dipped in tar and boiled to preserve them against the elements, and were impaled on pikes. The head of William Wallace was the first recorded as appearing, in 1305, starting a long tradition. Other famous heads on pikes included those of Jack Cade in 1450, Thomas More in 1535, Bishop John Fisher in the same year, and Thomas Cromwell in 1540. In 1598, a German visitor to London, Paul Hentzner, counted over 30 heads on the bridge:
On the south is a bridge of stone eight hundred feet in length, of wonderful work; it is supported upon twenty piers of square stone, sixty feet high and thirty broad, joined by arches of about twenty feet diameter. The whole is covered on each side with houses so disposed as to have the appearance of a continued street, not at all of a bridge. Upon this is built a tower, on whose top the heads of such as have been executed for high treason are placed on iron spikes: we counted above thirty.
The last head was installed in 1661; subsequently heads were placed on Temple Bar instead, until the practice ceased.
There were two multi-seated public latrines, but they seem to have been at the two ends of the bridge, possibly on the riverbank. The one at the north end had two entrances in 1306. in 1481, one of the latrines fell into the Thames and five men were drowned. Neither of the latrines is recorded after 1591.
In 1578–1582 a Dutchman, Peter Morris, created a waterworks at the north end of the bridge. Water wheels under the two northernmost arches drove pumps that raised water to the top of a tower, from which wooden pipes conveyed it into the city. In 1591 water wheels were installed at the south end of the bridge to grind corn.
In 1633 fire destroyed the houses on the northern part of the bridge. The gap was only partly filled by new houses, with the result that there was a firebreak that prevented the Great Fire of London (1666) spreading to the rest of the bridge and to Southwark. The Great Fire destroyed the bridge's waterwheels, preventing them from pumping water to fight the fire.
For nearly twenty years only sheds replaced the burnt buildings. They were replaced In the 1680s, when almost all the houses on the bridge were rebuilt. The roadway was widened to 20 feet (6.1 metres) by setting the houses further back and was increased in height from one storey to two. The new houses extended further back over the river, which was to cause trouble later. In 1695 the bridge had 551 inhabitants. From 1670 attempts were made to keep traffic in each direction to one side, at first through a keep-right policy and from 1722 through a keep-left policy. This has been suggested as one possible origin for the practice of traffic in Britain driving on the left.
A fire in September 1725 destroyed all the houses south of the stone gate; they were rebuilt. The last houses to be built on the bridge were designed by George Dance the Elder in 1745, but  these  buildings had begun to subside within a decade. In 1756, the London Bridge Act gave the City Corporation the power to purchase all the properties on the bridge so that they could be demolished and the bridge improved. While this work was underway, a temporary wooden bridge was constructed to the west of London Bridge. It opened in October 1757 but caught fire and collapsed in the following April. The old bridge was reopened until a new wooden construction could be completed a year later. To help improve navigation under the bridge, its two centre arches were replaced by a single wider span, the Great Arch, in 1759.
Demolition of the houses was completed in 1761 and the last tenant departed after some 550 years of housing on the bridge. Under the supervision of Dance the Elder, the roadway was widened to 46 feet (14 m) and a balustrade was added "in the Gothic taste" together with fourteen stone alcoves for pedestrians to shelter in. However, the creation of the Great Arch had weakened the rest of the structure and constant expensive repairs were required in the following decades; this, combined with congestion both on and under bridge, often leading to fatal accidents, resulted in public pressure for a modern replacement.

Answer: 34


Question: Who is often seen crossing this bridge in films, news and documentaries?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The current London Bridge was designed by architect Lord Holford and engineers Mott, Hay and Anderson. It was constructed by contractors John Mowlem and Co from 1967 to 1972, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 March 1973. It comprises three spans of prestressed-concrete box girders, a total of 833 feet (254 m) long. The cost of £4 million (£60.1 million in 2021), was met entirely by the Bridge House Estates charity. The current bridge was built in the same location as Rennie's bridge, with the previous bridge remaining in use while the first two girders were constructed upstream and downstream. Traffic was then transferred onto the two new girders, and the previous bridge demolished to allow the final two central girders to be added.
In 1984, the British warship HMS Jupiter collided with London Bridge, causing significant damage to both the ship and the bridge.
On Remembrance Day 2004, several bridges in London were furnished with red lighting as part of a night-time flight along the river by wartime aircraft. London Bridge was the one bridge not subsequently stripped of the illuminations, which are regularly switched on at night.
The current London Bridge is often shown in films, news and documentaries showing the throng of commuters journeying to work into the City from London Bridge Station (south to north). An example of this is actor Hugh Grant crossing the bridge north to south during the morning rush hour, in the 2002 film About a Boy.
On 11 July 2009, as part of the annual Lord Mayor's charity appeal and to mark the 800th anniversary of Old London Bridge's completion in the reign of King John, the Lord Mayor and Freemen of the City drove a flock of sheep across the bridge, supposedly by ancient right.
In a terrorist attack on 3 June 2017, three pedestrians on the bridge were driven into with a van and killed. Altogether, eight people died and 48 were injured in the attack. Security barriers were installed on the bridge to help isolate the pedestrian pavement from the road.

Answer: commuters


Question: Who is often seen crossing this bridge in films, news and documentaries?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The current London Bridge was designed by architect Lord Holford and engineers Mott, Hay and Anderson. It was constructed by contractors John Mowlem and Co from 1967 to 1972, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 March 1973. It comprises three spans of prestressed-concrete box girders, a total of 833 feet (254 m) long. The cost of £4 million (£60.1 million in 2021), was met entirely by the Bridge House Estates charity. The current bridge was built in the same location as Rennie's bridge, with the previous bridge remaining in use while the first two girders were constructed upstream and downstream. Traffic was then transferred onto the two new girders, and the previous bridge demolished to allow the final two central girders to be added.
In 1984, the British warship HMS Jupiter collided with London Bridge, causing significant damage to both the ship and the bridge.
On Remembrance Day 2004, several bridges in London were furnished with red lighting as part of a night-time flight along the river by wartime aircraft. London Bridge was the one bridge not subsequently stripped of the illuminations, which are regularly switched on at night.
The current London Bridge is often shown in films, news and documentaries showing the throng of commuters journeying to work into the City from London Bridge Station (south to north). An example of this is actor Hugh Grant crossing the bridge north to south during the morning rush hour, in the 2002 film About a Boy.
On 11 July 2009, as part of the annual Lord Mayor's charity appeal and to mark the 800th anniversary of Old London Bridge's completion in the reign of King John, the Lord Mayor and Freemen of the City drove a flock of sheep across the bridge, supposedly by ancient right.
In a terrorist attack on 3 June 2017, three pedestrians on the bridge were driven into with a van and killed. Altogether, eight people died and 48 were injured in the attack. Security barriers were installed on the bridge to help isolate the pedestrian pavement from the road.

Answer: commuters


Question: Who is often seen crossing this bridge in films, news and documentaries?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The current London Bridge was designed by architect Lord Holford and engineers Mott, Hay and Anderson. It was constructed by contractors John Mowlem and Co from 1967 to 1972, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 March 1973. It comprises three spans of prestressed-concrete box girders, a total of 833 feet (254 m) long. The cost of £4 million (£60.1 million in 2021), was met entirely by the Bridge House Estates charity. The current bridge was built in the same location as Rennie's bridge, with the previous bridge remaining in use while the first two girders were constructed upstream and downstream. Traffic was then transferred onto the two new girders, and the previous bridge demolished to allow the final two central girders to be added.
In 1984, the British warship HMS Jupiter collided with London Bridge, causing significant damage to both the ship and the bridge.
On Remembrance Day 2004, several bridges in London were furnished with red lighting as part of a night-time flight along the river by wartime aircraft. London Bridge was the one bridge not subsequently stripped of the illuminations, which are regularly switched on at night.
The current London Bridge is often shown in films, news and documentaries showing the throng of commuters journeying to work into the City from London Bridge Station (south to north). An example of this is actor Hugh Grant crossing the bridge north to south during the morning rush hour, in the 2002 film About a Boy.
On 11 July 2009, as part of the annual Lord Mayor's charity appeal and to mark the 800th anniversary of Old London Bridge's completion in the reign of King John, the Lord Mayor and Freemen of the City drove a flock of sheep across the bridge, supposedly by ancient right.
In a terrorist attack on 3 June 2017, three pedestrians on the bridge were driven into with a van and killed. Altogether, eight people died and 48 were injured in the attack. Security barriers were installed on the bridge to help isolate the pedestrian pavement from the road.

Answer: commuters


Question: Who is often seen crossing this bridge in films, news and documentaries?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The current London Bridge was designed by architect Lord Holford and engineers Mott, Hay and Anderson. It was constructed by contractors John Mowlem and Co from 1967 to 1972, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 March 1973. It comprises three spans of prestressed-concrete box girders, a total of 833 feet (254 m) long. The cost of £4 million (£60.1 million in 2021), was met entirely by the Bridge House Estates charity. The current bridge was built in the same location as Rennie's bridge, with the previous bridge remaining in use while the first two girders were constructed upstream and downstream. Traffic was then transferred onto the two new girders, and the previous bridge demolished to allow the final two central girders to be added.
In 1984, the British warship HMS Jupiter collided with London Bridge, causing significant damage to both the ship and the bridge.
On Remembrance Day 2004, several bridges in London were furnished with red lighting as part of a night-time flight along the river by wartime aircraft. London Bridge was the one bridge not subsequently stripped of the illuminations, which are regularly switched on at night.
The current London Bridge is often shown in films, news and documentaries showing the throng of commuters journeying to work into the City from London Bridge Station (south to north). An example of this is actor Hugh Grant crossing the bridge north to south during the morning rush hour, in the 2002 film About a Boy.
On 11 July 2009, as part of the annual Lord Mayor's charity appeal and to mark the 800th anniversary of Old London Bridge's completion in the reign of King John, the Lord Mayor and Freemen of the City drove a flock of sheep across the bridge, supposedly by ancient right.
In a terrorist attack on 3 June 2017, three pedestrians on the bridge were driven into with a van and killed. Altogether, eight people died and 48 were injured in the attack. Security barriers were installed on the bridge to help isolate the pedestrian pavement from the road.

Answer: commuters


Question: Who is often seen crossing this bridge in films, news and documentaries?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The current London Bridge was designed by architect Lord Holford and engineers Mott, Hay and Anderson. It was constructed by contractors John Mowlem and Co from 1967 to 1972, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 March 1973. It comprises three spans of prestressed-concrete box girders, a total of 833 feet (254 m) long. The cost of £4 million (£60.1 million in 2021), was met entirely by the Bridge House Estates charity. The current bridge was built in the same location as Rennie's bridge, with the previous bridge remaining in use while the first two girders were constructed upstream and downstream. Traffic was then transferred onto the two new girders, and the previous bridge demolished to allow the final two central girders to be added.
In 1984, the British warship HMS Jupiter collided with London Bridge, causing significant damage to both the ship and the bridge.
On Remembrance Day 2004, several bridges in London were furnished with red lighting as part of a night-time flight along the river by wartime aircraft. London Bridge was the one bridge not subsequently stripped of the illuminations, which are regularly switched on at night.
The current London Bridge is often shown in films, news and documentaries showing the throng of commuters journeying to work into the City from London Bridge Station (south to north). An example of this is actor Hugh Grant crossing the bridge north to south during the morning rush hour, in the 2002 film About a Boy.
On 11 July 2009, as part of the annual Lord Mayor's charity appeal and to mark the 800th anniversary of Old London Bridge's completion in the reign of King John, the Lord Mayor and Freemen of the City drove a flock of sheep across the bridge, supposedly by ancient right.
In a terrorist attack on 3 June 2017, three pedestrians on the bridge were driven into with a van and killed. Altogether, eight people died and 48 were injured in the attack. Security barriers were installed on the bridge to help isolate the pedestrian pavement from the road.

Answer: commuters


Question: What does this church do to the northern approach to London Bridge?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" has been speculatively connected to several of the bridge's historic collapses.
Rennie's New London Bridge is a prominent landmark in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, wherein he compares the shuffling commuters across London Bridge to the hell-bound souls of Dante's Inferno. Also in that poem is a reference to the "inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold" of the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, designed by Sir Christoper Wren, which marks the northern approach to the bridge, and the poem also ends with the lines "I sat upon the shore/fishing, with the arid plain behind me./Shall I at least set my lands in order?/London bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down".
In Charles Dickens' Sketches by Boz, in the story entitled Scotland-yard there is much discussion by coal-heavers on the replacement of London Bridge in 1832, including a portent that the event will dry up the Thames.
Gary P. Nunn's song "London Homesick Blues" includes the lyrics, "Even London Bridge has fallen down, and moved to Arizona, now I know why."
English composer Eric Coates wrote a march about London Bridge in 1934.
London Bridge is named in the World War II song "The King is Still in London" by Roma Campbell-Hunter & Hugh Charles.
Fergie released a song titled "London Bridge" in 2006 as the lead single of her first solo album, The Dutchess. The music video for the track features the singer on a boat near London's Tower Bridge, which is not London Bridge, but this error didn't stop the song from reaching number one on Billboard's Hot 100.

Answer: marks


Question: What does this church do to the northern approach to London Bridge?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" has been speculatively connected to several of the bridge's historic collapses.
Rennie's New London Bridge is a prominent landmark in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, wherein he compares the shuffling commuters across London Bridge to the hell-bound souls of Dante's Inferno. Also in that poem is a reference to the "inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold" of the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, designed by Sir Christoper Wren, which marks the northern approach to the bridge, and the poem also ends with the lines "I sat upon the shore/fishing, with the arid plain behind me./Shall I at least set my lands in order?/London bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down".
In Charles Dickens' Sketches by Boz, in the story entitled Scotland-yard there is much discussion by coal-heavers on the replacement of London Bridge in 1832, including a portent that the event will dry up the Thames.
Gary P. Nunn's song "London Homesick Blues" includes the lyrics, "Even London Bridge has fallen down, and moved to Arizona, now I know why."
English composer Eric Coates wrote a march about London Bridge in 1934.
London Bridge is named in the World War II song "The King is Still in London" by Roma Campbell-Hunter & Hugh Charles.
Fergie released a song titled "London Bridge" in 2006 as the lead single of her first solo album, The Dutchess. The music video for the track features the singer on a boat near London's Tower Bridge, which is not London Bridge, but this error didn't stop the song from reaching number one on Billboard's Hot 100.

Answer: marks


Question: What does this church do to the northern approach to London Bridge?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" has been speculatively connected to several of the bridge's historic collapses.
Rennie's New London Bridge is a prominent landmark in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, wherein he compares the shuffling commuters across London Bridge to the hell-bound souls of Dante's Inferno. Also in that poem is a reference to the "inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold" of the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, designed by Sir Christoper Wren, which marks the northern approach to the bridge, and the poem also ends with the lines "I sat upon the shore/fishing, with the arid plain behind me./Shall I at least set my lands in order?/London bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down".
In Charles Dickens' Sketches by Boz, in the story entitled Scotland-yard there is much discussion by coal-heavers on the replacement of London Bridge in 1832, including a portent that the event will dry up the Thames.
Gary P. Nunn's song "London Homesick Blues" includes the lyrics, "Even London Bridge has fallen down, and moved to Arizona, now I know why."
English composer Eric Coates wrote a march about London Bridge in 1934.
London Bridge is named in the World War II song "The King is Still in London" by Roma Campbell-Hunter & Hugh Charles.
Fergie released a song titled "London Bridge" in 2006 as the lead single of her first solo album, The Dutchess. The music video for the track features the singer on a boat near London's Tower Bridge, which is not London Bridge, but this error didn't stop the song from reaching number one on Billboard's Hot 100.

Answer: marks


Question: What does this church do to the northern approach to London Bridge?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" has been speculatively connected to several of the bridge's historic collapses.
Rennie's New London Bridge is a prominent landmark in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, wherein he compares the shuffling commuters across London Bridge to the hell-bound souls of Dante's Inferno. Also in that poem is a reference to the "inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold" of the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, designed by Sir Christoper Wren, which marks the northern approach to the bridge, and the poem also ends with the lines "I sat upon the shore/fishing, with the arid plain behind me./Shall I at least set my lands in order?/London bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down".
In Charles Dickens' Sketches by Boz, in the story entitled Scotland-yard there is much discussion by coal-heavers on the replacement of London Bridge in 1832, including a portent that the event will dry up the Thames.
Gary P. Nunn's song "London Homesick Blues" includes the lyrics, "Even London Bridge has fallen down, and moved to Arizona, now I know why."
English composer Eric Coates wrote a march about London Bridge in 1934.
London Bridge is named in the World War II song "The King is Still in London" by Roma Campbell-Hunter & Hugh Charles.
Fergie released a song titled "London Bridge" in 2006 as the lead single of her first solo album, The Dutchess. The music video for the track features the singer on a boat near London's Tower Bridge, which is not London Bridge, but this error didn't stop the song from reaching number one on Billboard's Hot 100.

Answer: marks


Question: What does this church do to the northern approach to London Bridge?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The nursery rhyme "London Bridge Is Falling Down" has been speculatively connected to several of the bridge's historic collapses.
Rennie's New London Bridge is a prominent landmark in T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land, wherein he compares the shuffling commuters across London Bridge to the hell-bound souls of Dante's Inferno. Also in that poem is a reference to the "inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold" of the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, designed by Sir Christoper Wren, which marks the northern approach to the bridge, and the poem also ends with the lines "I sat upon the shore/fishing, with the arid plain behind me./Shall I at least set my lands in order?/London bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down".
In Charles Dickens' Sketches by Boz, in the story entitled Scotland-yard there is much discussion by coal-heavers on the replacement of London Bridge in 1832, including a portent that the event will dry up the Thames.
Gary P. Nunn's song "London Homesick Blues" includes the lyrics, "Even London Bridge has fallen down, and moved to Arizona, now I know why."
English composer Eric Coates wrote a march about London Bridge in 1934.
London Bridge is named in the World War II song "The King is Still in London" by Roma Campbell-Hunter & Hugh Charles.
Fergie released a song titled "London Bridge" in 2006 as the lead single of her first solo album, The Dutchess. The music video for the track features the singer on a boat near London's Tower Bridge, which is not London Bridge, but this error didn't stop the song from reaching number one on Billboard's Hot 100.

Answer: marks


Question: When was this book originally published?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

"Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1117 – The GLA Roads Designation Order 2000". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
"About us". TeamLondonBridge. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
Merrifield, Ralph, London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 1–4. The terraces were formed by glacial sediment towards the end of the last Ice Age.
D. Riley, in Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M., Building Response to Tunnelling: Case Studies from Construction of the Jubilee line Extension, London, Volume 1, Thomas Telford, 2001, pp. 103 – 104.
The site of the new bridge determined the location of London itself. The alignment of Watling Street with the ford at Westminster (crossed via Thorney Island) is the basis for a mooted earlier Roman "London", sited in the vicinity of Park Lane. See Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46 – 47.
Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46–48.
Jones, B., and Mattingly, D., An Atlas of Roman Britain, Blackwell, 1990, pp. 168–172.
Merrifield, Ralph,  London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, p. 31.
Jeremy Haslam, 'The Development of London of London by King Alfred: A Reassessment'; Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 61 (2010), 109–44. Retrieved 2 August 2014
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. There is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
See Battle of Brentford (1016)
Thornbury, Walter, Old and New London, 1872, vol.2, p.10
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 4, 11–12, 16.
Pierce, p.45 and Jackson, p.77
Rev. John Ray, "Book of Proverbs", 1670, cited in Jackson, p.77
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 13, 19–21, 36, 45–46.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 60–75.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 26–32.
Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 23.
"Vision of Britain – Paul Hentzner – Arrival and London". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
Home (1932). "Old London Bridge". Nature. 129 (3244): 232. Bibcode:1932Natur.129S..16.. doi:10.1038/129016c0. S2CID 4112097.
Timbs, John. Curiosities of London. p.705, 1885. Available: books.google.com. Accessed: 29 September 2013
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 32-3; Sabine, Ernest L., "Latrines and Cesspools of Mediaeval London," Speculum, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Jul. 1934), pp. 305–306, 315. Earliest evidence for the multi-seated public latrine is from a court case of 1306.
Jackson. London Bridge. pp. 30–31.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 57, 82–90.
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, M. G. Lay & James E. Vance, Rutgers University Press 1992, p. 199.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. p. 93.
Pierce 2001, pp. 235–236
Pierce 2001, p. 252
Pierce 2001, p. 252–256
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 100–101.
Pierce 2001, p. 260
Pierce 2001, pp. 261–263
Pierce 2001, p. 278–279
"Article on Iron Bridges". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1857.
Smiles, Samuel (October 2001). The Life of Thomas Telford. ISBN 1404314857.
A fragment from the old bridge is set into the tower arch inside St Katharine's Church, Merstham.
UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
A dozen granite corbels prepared for this widening went unused, and still lie near Swelltor Quarry on the disused railway track a couple of miles south of Princetown on Dartmoor.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States". Watford Observer. 27 March 2002. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States (From This Is Local London)". 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012.
"London Bridge is still here! – 21/12/1995 – Contract Journal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
"Merrivale Quarry, Whitchurch, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK". www.mindat.org.
Elborough, Travis (2013). London Bridge in America: The tall story of a transatlantic crossing. Random House. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1448181674. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Wildfang, Frederic B. (2005). Lake Havasu City. Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0738530123. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
"Carillion accepts award for London Bridge project". Building talk. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
"Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Yee, plate 65 and others
Morris, Rupert (14 June 1984). "Frigate hits London Bridge". The Times. No. 61857. London. col E-G, p. 1.
"The Lord Mayor's Appeal | A Better City for All | The Lord Mayor's Appeal 2019/2020". www.thelordmayorsappeal.org.
"'Van hits pedestrians' on London Bridge in 'major incident'". BBC. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
"London Homesick Blues". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Huntley, Bill. "The King is Still in London". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Vineyard, Jennifer. "Black Eyed Peas' Fergie Gets Rough And Regal In First Video From Solo LP". MTV News. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Fergie - London Bridge (Oh Snap) (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 August 2021
"Fergie". Billboard. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Answer: 16 january 2012


Question: When was this book originally published?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

"Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1117 – The GLA Roads Designation Order 2000". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
"About us". TeamLondonBridge. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
Merrifield, Ralph, London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 1–4. The terraces were formed by glacial sediment towards the end of the last Ice Age.
D. Riley, in Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M., Building Response to Tunnelling: Case Studies from Construction of the Jubilee line Extension, London, Volume 1, Thomas Telford, 2001, pp. 103 – 104.
The site of the new bridge determined the location of London itself. The alignment of Watling Street with the ford at Westminster (crossed via Thorney Island) is the basis for a mooted earlier Roman "London", sited in the vicinity of Park Lane. See Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46 – 47.
Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46–48.
Jones, B., and Mattingly, D., An Atlas of Roman Britain, Blackwell, 1990, pp. 168–172.
Merrifield, Ralph,  London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, p. 31.
Jeremy Haslam, 'The Development of London of London by King Alfred: A Reassessment'; Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 61 (2010), 109–44. Retrieved 2 August 2014
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. There is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
See Battle of Brentford (1016)
Thornbury, Walter, Old and New London, 1872, vol.2, p.10
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 4, 11–12, 16.
Pierce, p.45 and Jackson, p.77
Rev. John Ray, "Book of Proverbs", 1670, cited in Jackson, p.77
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 13, 19–21, 36, 45–46.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 60–75.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 26–32.
Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 23.
"Vision of Britain – Paul Hentzner – Arrival and London". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
Home (1932). "Old London Bridge". Nature. 129 (3244): 232. Bibcode:1932Natur.129S..16.. doi:10.1038/129016c0. S2CID 4112097.
Timbs, John. Curiosities of London. p.705, 1885. Available: books.google.com. Accessed: 29 September 2013
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 32-3; Sabine, Ernest L., "Latrines and Cesspools of Mediaeval London," Speculum, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Jul. 1934), pp. 305–306, 315. Earliest evidence for the multi-seated public latrine is from a court case of 1306.
Jackson. London Bridge. pp. 30–31.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 57, 82–90.
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, M. G. Lay & James E. Vance, Rutgers University Press 1992, p. 199.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. p. 93.
Pierce 2001, pp. 235–236
Pierce 2001, p. 252
Pierce 2001, p. 252–256
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 100–101.
Pierce 2001, p. 260
Pierce 2001, pp. 261–263
Pierce 2001, p. 278–279
"Article on Iron Bridges". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1857.
Smiles, Samuel (October 2001). The Life of Thomas Telford. ISBN 1404314857.
A fragment from the old bridge is set into the tower arch inside St Katharine's Church, Merstham.
UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
A dozen granite corbels prepared for this widening went unused, and still lie near Swelltor Quarry on the disused railway track a couple of miles south of Princetown on Dartmoor.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States". Watford Observer. 27 March 2002. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States (From This Is Local London)". 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012.
"London Bridge is still here! – 21/12/1995 – Contract Journal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
"Merrivale Quarry, Whitchurch, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK". www.mindat.org.
Elborough, Travis (2013). London Bridge in America: The tall story of a transatlantic crossing. Random House. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1448181674. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Wildfang, Frederic B. (2005). Lake Havasu City. Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0738530123. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
"Carillion accepts award for London Bridge project". Building talk. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
"Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Yee, plate 65 and others
Morris, Rupert (14 June 1984). "Frigate hits London Bridge". The Times. No. 61857. London. col E-G, p. 1.
"The Lord Mayor's Appeal | A Better City for All | The Lord Mayor's Appeal 2019/2020". www.thelordmayorsappeal.org.
"'Van hits pedestrians' on London Bridge in 'major incident'". BBC. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
"London Homesick Blues". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Huntley, Bill. "The King is Still in London". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Vineyard, Jennifer. "Black Eyed Peas' Fergie Gets Rough And Regal In First Video From Solo LP". MTV News. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Fergie - London Bridge (Oh Snap) (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 August 2021
"Fergie". Billboard. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Answer: 16 january 2012


Question: When was this book originally published?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

"Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1117 – The GLA Roads Designation Order 2000". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
"About us". TeamLondonBridge. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
Merrifield, Ralph, London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 1–4. The terraces were formed by glacial sediment towards the end of the last Ice Age.
D. Riley, in Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M., Building Response to Tunnelling: Case Studies from Construction of the Jubilee line Extension, London, Volume 1, Thomas Telford, 2001, pp. 103 – 104.
The site of the new bridge determined the location of London itself. The alignment of Watling Street with the ford at Westminster (crossed via Thorney Island) is the basis for a mooted earlier Roman "London", sited in the vicinity of Park Lane. See Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46 – 47.
Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46–48.
Jones, B., and Mattingly, D., An Atlas of Roman Britain, Blackwell, 1990, pp. 168–172.
Merrifield, Ralph,  London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, p. 31.
Jeremy Haslam, 'The Development of London of London by King Alfred: A Reassessment'; Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 61 (2010), 109–44. Retrieved 2 August 2014
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. There is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
See Battle of Brentford (1016)
Thornbury, Walter, Old and New London, 1872, vol.2, p.10
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 4, 11–12, 16.
Pierce, p.45 and Jackson, p.77
Rev. John Ray, "Book of Proverbs", 1670, cited in Jackson, p.77
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 13, 19–21, 36, 45–46.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 60–75.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 26–32.
Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 23.
"Vision of Britain – Paul Hentzner – Arrival and London". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
Home (1932). "Old London Bridge". Nature. 129 (3244): 232. Bibcode:1932Natur.129S..16.. doi:10.1038/129016c0. S2CID 4112097.
Timbs, John. Curiosities of London. p.705, 1885. Available: books.google.com. Accessed: 29 September 2013
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 32-3; Sabine, Ernest L., "Latrines and Cesspools of Mediaeval London," Speculum, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Jul. 1934), pp. 305–306, 315. Earliest evidence for the multi-seated public latrine is from a court case of 1306.
Jackson. London Bridge. pp. 30–31.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 57, 82–90.
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, M. G. Lay & James E. Vance, Rutgers University Press 1992, p. 199.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. p. 93.
Pierce 2001, pp. 235–236
Pierce 2001, p. 252
Pierce 2001, p. 252–256
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 100–101.
Pierce 2001, p. 260
Pierce 2001, pp. 261–263
Pierce 2001, p. 278–279
"Article on Iron Bridges". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1857.
Smiles, Samuel (October 2001). The Life of Thomas Telford. ISBN 1404314857.
A fragment from the old bridge is set into the tower arch inside St Katharine's Church, Merstham.
UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
A dozen granite corbels prepared for this widening went unused, and still lie near Swelltor Quarry on the disused railway track a couple of miles south of Princetown on Dartmoor.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States". Watford Observer. 27 March 2002. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States (From This Is Local London)". 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012.
"London Bridge is still here! – 21/12/1995 – Contract Journal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
"Merrivale Quarry, Whitchurch, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK". www.mindat.org.
Elborough, Travis (2013). London Bridge in America: The tall story of a transatlantic crossing. Random House. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1448181674. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Wildfang, Frederic B. (2005). Lake Havasu City. Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0738530123. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
"Carillion accepts award for London Bridge project". Building talk. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
"Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Yee, plate 65 and others
Morris, Rupert (14 June 1984). "Frigate hits London Bridge". The Times. No. 61857. London. col E-G, p. 1.
"The Lord Mayor's Appeal | A Better City for All | The Lord Mayor's Appeal 2019/2020". www.thelordmayorsappeal.org.
"'Van hits pedestrians' on London Bridge in 'major incident'". BBC. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
"London Homesick Blues". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Huntley, Bill. "The King is Still in London". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Vineyard, Jennifer. "Black Eyed Peas' Fergie Gets Rough And Regal In First Video From Solo LP". MTV News. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Fergie - London Bridge (Oh Snap) (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 August 2021
"Fergie". Billboard. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Answer: 16 january 2012


Question: When was this book originally published?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

"Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1117 – The GLA Roads Designation Order 2000". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
"About us". TeamLondonBridge. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
Merrifield, Ralph, London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 1–4. The terraces were formed by glacial sediment towards the end of the last Ice Age.
D. Riley, in Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M., Building Response to Tunnelling: Case Studies from Construction of the Jubilee line Extension, London, Volume 1, Thomas Telford, 2001, pp. 103 – 104.
The site of the new bridge determined the location of London itself. The alignment of Watling Street with the ford at Westminster (crossed via Thorney Island) is the basis for a mooted earlier Roman "London", sited in the vicinity of Park Lane. See Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46 – 47.
Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46–48.
Jones, B., and Mattingly, D., An Atlas of Roman Britain, Blackwell, 1990, pp. 168–172.
Merrifield, Ralph,  London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, p. 31.
Jeremy Haslam, 'The Development of London of London by King Alfred: A Reassessment'; Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 61 (2010), 109–44. Retrieved 2 August 2014
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. There is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
See Battle of Brentford (1016)
Thornbury, Walter, Old and New London, 1872, vol.2, p.10
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 4, 11–12, 16.
Pierce, p.45 and Jackson, p.77
Rev. John Ray, "Book of Proverbs", 1670, cited in Jackson, p.77
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 13, 19–21, 36, 45–46.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 60–75.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 26–32.
Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 23.
"Vision of Britain – Paul Hentzner – Arrival and London". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
Home (1932). "Old London Bridge". Nature. 129 (3244): 232. Bibcode:1932Natur.129S..16.. doi:10.1038/129016c0. S2CID 4112097.
Timbs, John. Curiosities of London. p.705, 1885. Available: books.google.com. Accessed: 29 September 2013
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 32-3; Sabine, Ernest L., "Latrines and Cesspools of Mediaeval London," Speculum, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Jul. 1934), pp. 305–306, 315. Earliest evidence for the multi-seated public latrine is from a court case of 1306.
Jackson. London Bridge. pp. 30–31.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 57, 82–90.
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, M. G. Lay & James E. Vance, Rutgers University Press 1992, p. 199.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. p. 93.
Pierce 2001, pp. 235–236
Pierce 2001, p. 252
Pierce 2001, p. 252–256
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 100–101.
Pierce 2001, p. 260
Pierce 2001, pp. 261–263
Pierce 2001, p. 278–279
"Article on Iron Bridges". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1857.
Smiles, Samuel (October 2001). The Life of Thomas Telford. ISBN 1404314857.
A fragment from the old bridge is set into the tower arch inside St Katharine's Church, Merstham.
UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
A dozen granite corbels prepared for this widening went unused, and still lie near Swelltor Quarry on the disused railway track a couple of miles south of Princetown on Dartmoor.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States". Watford Observer. 27 March 2002. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States (From This Is Local London)". 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012.
"London Bridge is still here! – 21/12/1995 – Contract Journal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
"Merrivale Quarry, Whitchurch, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK". www.mindat.org.
Elborough, Travis (2013). London Bridge in America: The tall story of a transatlantic crossing. Random House. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1448181674. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Wildfang, Frederic B. (2005). Lake Havasu City. Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0738530123. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
"Carillion accepts award for London Bridge project". Building talk. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
"Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Yee, plate 65 and others
Morris, Rupert (14 June 1984). "Frigate hits London Bridge". The Times. No. 61857. London. col E-G, p. 1.
"The Lord Mayor's Appeal | A Better City for All | The Lord Mayor's Appeal 2019/2020". www.thelordmayorsappeal.org.
"'Van hits pedestrians' on London Bridge in 'major incident'". BBC. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
"London Homesick Blues". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Huntley, Bill. "The King is Still in London". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Vineyard, Jennifer. "Black Eyed Peas' Fergie Gets Rough And Regal In First Video From Solo LP". MTV News. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Fergie - London Bridge (Oh Snap) (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 August 2021
"Fergie". Billboard. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Answer: 16 january 2012


Question: When was this book originally published?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

"Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1117 – The GLA Roads Designation Order 2000". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
"About us". TeamLondonBridge. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
Merrifield, Ralph, London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, pp. 1–4. The terraces were formed by glacial sediment towards the end of the last Ice Age.
D. Riley, in Burland, J.B., Standing, J.R., Jardine, F.M., Building Response to Tunnelling: Case Studies from Construction of the Jubilee line Extension, London, Volume 1, Thomas Telford, 2001, pp. 103 – 104.
The site of the new bridge determined the location of London itself. The alignment of Watling Street with the ford at Westminster (crossed via Thorney Island) is the basis for a mooted earlier Roman "London", sited in the vicinity of Park Lane. See Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46 – 47.
Margary, Ivan D., Roman Roads in Britain, Vol. 1, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, Phoenix House Lts, London, 1955, pp. 46–48.
Jones, B., and Mattingly, D., An Atlas of Roman Britain, Blackwell, 1990, pp. 168–172.
Merrifield, Ralph,  London, City of the Romans, University of California Press, 1983, p. 31.
Jeremy Haslam, 'The Development of London of London by King Alfred: A Reassessment'; Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 61 (2010), 109–44. Retrieved 2 August 2014
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230), Heimskringla. There is no reference to this event in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See: Hagland, Jan Ragnar; Watson, Bruce (Spring 2005). "Fact or folklore: the Viking attack on London Bridge" (PDF). London Archaeologist. 12: 328–33.
See Battle of Brentford (1016)
Thornbury, Walter, Old and New London, 1872, vol.2, p.10
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 4, 11–12, 16.
Pierce, p.45 and Jackson, p.77
Rev. John Ray, "Book of Proverbs", 1670, cited in Jackson, p.77
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 13, 19–21, 36, 45–46.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 60–75.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 26–32.
Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 23.
"Vision of Britain – Paul Hentzner – Arrival and London". www.visionofbritain.org.uk.
Home (1932). "Old London Bridge". Nature. 129 (3244): 232. Bibcode:1932Natur.129S..16.. doi:10.1038/129016c0. S2CID 4112097.
Timbs, John. Curiosities of London. p.705, 1885. Available: books.google.com. Accessed: 29 September 2013
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 32-3; Sabine, Ernest L., "Latrines and Cesspools of Mediaeval London," Speculum, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Jul. 1934), pp. 305–306, 315. Earliest evidence for the multi-seated public latrine is from a court case of 1306.
Jackson. London Bridge. pp. 30–31.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. pp. 57, 82–90.
Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles That Used Them, M. G. Lay & James E. Vance, Rutgers University Press 1992, p. 199.
Gerhold. London Bridge and its Houses. p. 93.
Pierce 2001, pp. 235–236
Pierce 2001, p. 252
Pierce 2001, p. 252–256
Gerhold, London Bridge and its Houses, pp. 100–101.
Pierce 2001, p. 260
Pierce 2001, pp. 261–263
Pierce 2001, p. 278–279
"Article on Iron Bridges". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1857.
Smiles, Samuel (October 2001). The Life of Thomas Telford. ISBN 1404314857.
A fragment from the old bridge is set into the tower arch inside St Katharine's Church, Merstham.
UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
A dozen granite corbels prepared for this widening went unused, and still lie near Swelltor Quarry on the disused railway track a couple of miles south of Princetown on Dartmoor.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States". Watford Observer. 27 March 2002. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
"How London Bridge was sold to the States (From This Is Local London)". 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012.
"London Bridge is still here! – 21/12/1995 – Contract Journal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2008.
"Merrivale Quarry, Whitchurch, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK". www.mindat.org.
Elborough, Travis (2013). London Bridge in America: The tall story of a transatlantic crossing. Random House. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1448181674. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Wildfang, Frederic B. (2005). Lake Havasu City. Chicago, IL: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–122. ISBN 978-0738530123. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
"Carillion accepts award for London Bridge project". Building talk. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
"Where Thames Smooth Waters Glide". Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
Yee, plate 65 and others
Morris, Rupert (14 June 1984). "Frigate hits London Bridge". The Times. No. 61857. London. col E-G, p. 1.
"The Lord Mayor's Appeal | A Better City for All | The Lord Mayor's Appeal 2019/2020". www.thelordmayorsappeal.org.
"'Van hits pedestrians' on London Bridge in 'major incident'". BBC. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
"London Homesick Blues". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Huntley, Bill. "The King is Still in London". International Lyrics Playground. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
Vineyard, Jennifer. "Black Eyed Peas' Fergie Gets Rough And Regal In First Video From Solo LP". MTV News. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Fergie - London Bridge (Oh Snap) (Official Music Video), retrieved 9 August 2021
"Fergie". Billboard. Retrieved 9 August 2021.

Answer: 16 january 2012


Question: How long is the trail around this reservoir?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 900-metre


Question: How long is the trail around this reservoir?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 900-metre


Question: How long is the trail around this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 900-metre


Question: How long is the trail around this reservoir?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 900-metre


Question: What is the surface area of this reservoir?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6 hectares


Question: What is the surface area of this reservoir?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6 hectares


Question: What is the surface area of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6 hectares


Question: What is the surface area of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6 hectares


Question: In what country is this reservoir located?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: singapore


Question: In what country is this reservoir located?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: singapore


Question: In what country is this reservoir located?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: singapore


Question: In what country is this reservoir located?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: singapore


Question: How many hectares in size is this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6


Question: How many hectares in size is this reservoir?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6


Question: How many hectares in size is this reservoir?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6


Question: How many hectares in size is this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: 6


Question: Along with the upper peirce reservoir, what reservoir is near this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: macritchie reservoir


Question: Along with the upper peirce reservoir, what reservoir is near this reservoir?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: macritchie reservoir


Question: Along with the upper peirce reservoir, what reservoir is near this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: macritchie reservoir


Question: Along with the upper peirce reservoir, what reservoir is near this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: macritchie reservoir


Question: Besides kallang river reservoir, what was the previous name of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: peirce reservoir


Question: Besides kallang river reservoir, what was the previous name of this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: peirce reservoir


Question: Besides kallang river reservoir, what was the previous name of this reservoir?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: peirce reservoir


Question: Besides kallang river reservoir, what was the previous name of this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: peirce reservoir


Question: Which reservoir caused this reservoir to be renamed?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: upper peirce reservoir


Question: Which reservoir caused this reservoir to be renamed?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: upper peirce reservoir


Question: Which reservoir caused this reservoir to be renamed?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: upper peirce reservoir


Question: Which reservoir caused this reservoir to be renamed?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: upper peirce reservoir


Question: What is one of the previous names of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: kallang river reservoir


Question: What is one of the previous names of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: kallang river reservoir


Question: What is one of the previous names of this reservoir?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: kallang river reservoir


Question: What is one of the previous names of this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: kallang river reservoir


Question: In what language is takungan air this reservoir?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is takungan air this reservoir?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is takungan air this reservoir?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is takungan air this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is this reservoir known as takungan air lower peirce?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is this reservoir known as takungan air lower peirce?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is this reservoir known as takungan air lower peirce?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: In what language is this reservoir known as takungan air lower peirce?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The Lower Peirce Reservoir (Chinese: 贝雅士蓄水池下段 Malay: Takungan Air Lower Peirce) is one of the oldest reservoirs in Singapore.  It is located near MacRitchie Reservoir and Upper Peirce Reservoir. Previously known as Kallang River Reservoir or Peirce Reservoir, it was renamed Lower Peirce Reservoir after the creation of Upper Peirce Reservoir.  It has a surface area of 6 hectares and the surrounding forest contains many trees that are over 100 years old.
There is a Lower Peirce Trail, which is a 900-metre boardwalk that takes visitors through a mature secondary forest. The reservoir is the source of the Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore. There is also a park, Lower Peirce Reservoir Park, which overlooks the reservoir.

Answer: malay


Question: What was built at the upper reaches of the peirce reservoir to form the upper and this reservoir?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Originally known as the Kallang River Reservoir, Singapore's second reservoir was impounded across the lower reaches of the Kallang River in 1910. In 1922, it was renamed Peirce Reservoir in commendation of the services of Robert Peirce, who was the municipal engineer of Singapore from 1901 to 1916.
In 1975, a major water supply project to develop new water resources was undertaken to support Singapore's rapid housing and industrialisation programmes. A dam was constructed at the upper reaches of the Peirce Reservoir, forming the Upper and Lower Peirce Reservoirs.
Upper Peirce Reservoir was officially opened by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 27 February 1977.
In 1923, the Municipal Engineer Col Pearson made allegations about defective work on the 'Kallang Reservoir Dam'. He went so far as to raise the question as to whether the Municipal engineering staff (Peirce and his deputy Williams) may have colluded with the contractor to use sub-standard clay which resulted in leakage in the dam. There was extensive newspaper coverage over 3 days in April 1923 and discussion in the Municipal Commission. From his retirement, Peirce wrote a lengthy letter to defend the work.

Answer: dam


Question: What was built at the upper reaches of the peirce reservoir to form the upper and this reservoir?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Originally known as the Kallang River Reservoir, Singapore's second reservoir was impounded across the lower reaches of the Kallang River in 1910. In 1922, it was renamed Peirce Reservoir in commendation of the services of Robert Peirce, who was the municipal engineer of Singapore from 1901 to 1916.
In 1975, a major water supply project to develop new water resources was undertaken to support Singapore's rapid housing and industrialisation programmes. A dam was constructed at the upper reaches of the Peirce Reservoir, forming the Upper and Lower Peirce Reservoirs.
Upper Peirce Reservoir was officially opened by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 27 February 1977.
In 1923, the Municipal Engineer Col Pearson made allegations about defective work on the 'Kallang Reservoir Dam'. He went so far as to raise the question as to whether the Municipal engineering staff (Peirce and his deputy Williams) may have colluded with the contractor to use sub-standard clay which resulted in leakage in the dam. There was extensive newspaper coverage over 3 days in April 1923 and discussion in the Municipal Commission. From his retirement, Peirce wrote a lengthy letter to defend the work.

Answer: dam