Question: Besides humans, what else can be poisoned by this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

It grows 1–3 ft (0.30–0.91 m) high and produces flowers in the summer.
This plant was eaten as food historically. However, it contains a poison dangerous to humans and livestock, so caution must be used if ingesting this plant.

Answer: livestock


Question: Besides humans, what else can be poisoned by this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

It grows 1–3 ft (0.30–0.91 m) high and produces flowers in the summer.
This plant was eaten as food historically. However, it contains a poison dangerous to humans and livestock, so caution must be used if ingesting this plant.

Answer: livestock


Question: Besides humans, what else can be poisoned by this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

It grows 1–3 ft (0.30–0.91 m) high and produces flowers in the summer.
This plant was eaten as food historically. However, it contains a poison dangerous to humans and livestock, so caution must be used if ingesting this plant.

Answer: livestock


Question: How many sepals does this plant have?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Growing to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height, short branches support leaves ranging from 2–12.5 centimeters (1–5 inches) in length. Blooming from May to September, the umbel is 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) wide, with individual flowers up to 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) across; each has five petals and five sepals. The fruit pod is smooth and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long; the seeds inside have long hairs.

Answer: five


Question: How many sepals does this plant have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Growing to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height, short branches support leaves ranging from 2–12.5 centimeters (1–5 inches) in length. Blooming from May to September, the umbel is 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) wide, with individual flowers up to 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) across; each has five petals and five sepals. The fruit pod is smooth and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long; the seeds inside have long hairs.

Answer: five


Question: How many sepals does this plant have?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Growing to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height, short branches support leaves ranging from 2–12.5 centimeters (1–5 inches) in length. Blooming from May to September, the umbel is 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) wide, with individual flowers up to 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) across; each has five petals and five sepals. The fruit pod is smooth and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long; the seeds inside have long hairs.

Answer: five


Question: How many sepals does this plant have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Growing to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height, short branches support leaves ranging from 2–12.5 centimeters (1–5 inches) in length. Blooming from May to September, the umbel is 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) wide, with individual flowers up to 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) across; each has five petals and five sepals. The fruit pod is smooth and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long; the seeds inside have long hairs.

Answer: five


Question: How many sepals does this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Growing to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height, short branches support leaves ranging from 2–12.5 centimeters (1–5 inches) in length. Blooming from May to September, the umbel is 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) wide, with individual flowers up to 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) across; each has five petals and five sepals. The fruit pod is smooth and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long; the seeds inside have long hairs.

Answer: five


Question: What type of polystichum has a similar mode of reproduction as this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.

Answer: australiense


Question: What type of polystichum has a similar mode of reproduction as this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.

Answer: australiense


Question: What type of polystichum has a similar mode of reproduction as this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.

Answer: australiense


Question: What type of polystichum has a similar mode of reproduction as this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.

Answer: australiense


Question: What type of polystichum has a similar mode of reproduction as this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.

Answer: australiense


Question: Astrantia major is a species of what plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: Astrantia major is a species of what plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: Astrantia major is a species of what plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: Astrantia major is a species of what plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: Astrantia major is a species of what plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Astrantia major, the great masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to central and eastern Europe. Growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) broad, it is an herbaceous perennial, much used in gardens.

Answer: flowering plant


Question: What do the this ant do with the fungus they eat?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO₂ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.

Answer: farm


Question: What do the this ant do with the fungus they eat?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO₂ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.

Answer: farm


Question: What do the this ant do with the fungus they eat?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO₂ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.

Answer: farm


Question: What do the this ant do with the fungus they eat?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO₂ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.

Answer: farm


Question: What do the this ant do with the fungus they eat?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The species is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Bolivia, with disjunct populations in Amazonas and north-eastern Brazil.
Across the rainforest floor they typically occupy an area of approximately 20 square feet. They live in nests that can be as deep as 7 metres that they have carefully positioned so that a breeze can rid the nest of the dangerous levels of CO₂ given off by the fungus they farm and eat.

Answer: farm


Question: What kind of larvae do these birds eat?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

All pochards have similar diets that include both plant and animal materials.  Redheads undergo a niche switch when breeding and when wintering.  During the breeding season, redheads will eat as much animal matter as possible, including gastropods, mollusks and insect larvae.  They will eat the occasional grass and other emergent vegetation.  However, once they fly south, redheads will change their diet to include mostly plant material, including pondweeds, wild rice, wild celery, wigeon grass, bulrushes, muskgrass and shoal grass.
Gastropods known as food of Aythya americana include: Acteocina canaliculata, Acteon punctostriatus, Anachis avara, Anachis obesa, Caecum nitidum, Calliostoma sp., Cerithidea pliculosa, Cerithium lutosum, Crepidula convexa, Diastoma varium, Melanella sp., Mitrella lunata, Nassarius acutus, Nassarius vibex, Natica sp., Neritina virginea, Odostomia trifida, Olivella minuta, Olivella watermani, Polinices sp., Pyramidellidae, Pyrgocythara plicosa, Rissoina catesbyana, Sayella livida, Turbonilla sp., Turbonilla interrupta and Vitrinella sp.

Answer: insect


Question: What kind of larvae do these birds eat?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

All pochards have similar diets that include both plant and animal materials.  Redheads undergo a niche switch when breeding and when wintering.  During the breeding season, redheads will eat as much animal matter as possible, including gastropods, mollusks and insect larvae.  They will eat the occasional grass and other emergent vegetation.  However, once they fly south, redheads will change their diet to include mostly plant material, including pondweeds, wild rice, wild celery, wigeon grass, bulrushes, muskgrass and shoal grass.
Gastropods known as food of Aythya americana include: Acteocina canaliculata, Acteon punctostriatus, Anachis avara, Anachis obesa, Caecum nitidum, Calliostoma sp., Cerithidea pliculosa, Cerithium lutosum, Crepidula convexa, Diastoma varium, Melanella sp., Mitrella lunata, Nassarius acutus, Nassarius vibex, Natica sp., Neritina virginea, Odostomia trifida, Olivella minuta, Olivella watermani, Polinices sp., Pyramidellidae, Pyrgocythara plicosa, Rissoina catesbyana, Sayella livida, Turbonilla sp., Turbonilla interrupta and Vitrinella sp.

Answer: insect


Question: What kind of larvae do these birds eat?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

All pochards have similar diets that include both plant and animal materials.  Redheads undergo a niche switch when breeding and when wintering.  During the breeding season, redheads will eat as much animal matter as possible, including gastropods, mollusks and insect larvae.  They will eat the occasional grass and other emergent vegetation.  However, once they fly south, redheads will change their diet to include mostly plant material, including pondweeds, wild rice, wild celery, wigeon grass, bulrushes, muskgrass and shoal grass.
Gastropods known as food of Aythya americana include: Acteocina canaliculata, Acteon punctostriatus, Anachis avara, Anachis obesa, Caecum nitidum, Calliostoma sp., Cerithidea pliculosa, Cerithium lutosum, Crepidula convexa, Diastoma varium, Melanella sp., Mitrella lunata, Nassarius acutus, Nassarius vibex, Natica sp., Neritina virginea, Odostomia trifida, Olivella minuta, Olivella watermani, Polinices sp., Pyramidellidae, Pyrgocythara plicosa, Rissoina catesbyana, Sayella livida, Turbonilla sp., Turbonilla interrupta and Vitrinella sp.

Answer: insect


Question: What kind of larvae do these birds eat?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

All pochards have similar diets that include both plant and animal materials.  Redheads undergo a niche switch when breeding and when wintering.  During the breeding season, redheads will eat as much animal matter as possible, including gastropods, mollusks and insect larvae.  They will eat the occasional grass and other emergent vegetation.  However, once they fly south, redheads will change their diet to include mostly plant material, including pondweeds, wild rice, wild celery, wigeon grass, bulrushes, muskgrass and shoal grass.
Gastropods known as food of Aythya americana include: Acteocina canaliculata, Acteon punctostriatus, Anachis avara, Anachis obesa, Caecum nitidum, Calliostoma sp., Cerithidea pliculosa, Cerithium lutosum, Crepidula convexa, Diastoma varium, Melanella sp., Mitrella lunata, Nassarius acutus, Nassarius vibex, Natica sp., Neritina virginea, Odostomia trifida, Olivella minuta, Olivella watermani, Polinices sp., Pyramidellidae, Pyrgocythara plicosa, Rissoina catesbyana, Sayella livida, Turbonilla sp., Turbonilla interrupta and Vitrinella sp.

Answer: insect


Question: What kind of larvae do these birds eat?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

All pochards have similar diets that include both plant and animal materials.  Redheads undergo a niche switch when breeding and when wintering.  During the breeding season, redheads will eat as much animal matter as possible, including gastropods, mollusks and insect larvae.  They will eat the occasional grass and other emergent vegetation.  However, once they fly south, redheads will change their diet to include mostly plant material, including pondweeds, wild rice, wild celery, wigeon grass, bulrushes, muskgrass and shoal grass.
Gastropods known as food of Aythya americana include: Acteocina canaliculata, Acteon punctostriatus, Anachis avara, Anachis obesa, Caecum nitidum, Calliostoma sp., Cerithidea pliculosa, Cerithium lutosum, Crepidula convexa, Diastoma varium, Melanella sp., Mitrella lunata, Nassarius acutus, Nassarius vibex, Natica sp., Neritina virginea, Odostomia trifida, Olivella minuta, Olivella watermani, Polinices sp., Pyramidellidae, Pyrgocythara plicosa, Rissoina catesbyana, Sayella livida, Turbonilla sp., Turbonilla interrupta and Vitrinella sp.

Answer: insect


Question: How are the leaflets of this plant shaped?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Bauera rubioides is a scrambling, tangled shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and has wiry, extensively-branched stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets narrowly elliptic, mostly 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, 1.5–5.0 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide and usually have four to ten teeth on each edge. The flowers are borne on pedicels more than 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have six to eight toothed sepals 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, six to eight usually pink sometimes white, petals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and usually fifty to sixty cream-coloured stamens. Flowering mostly occurs in spring and summer.

Answer: narrowly elliptic


Question: How are the leaflets of this plant shaped?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bauera rubioides is a scrambling, tangled shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and has wiry, extensively-branched stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets narrowly elliptic, mostly 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, 1.5–5.0 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide and usually have four to ten teeth on each edge. The flowers are borne on pedicels more than 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have six to eight toothed sepals 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, six to eight usually pink sometimes white, petals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and usually fifty to sixty cream-coloured stamens. Flowering mostly occurs in spring and summer.

Answer: narrowly elliptic


Question: How are the leaflets of this plant shaped?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Bauera rubioides is a scrambling, tangled shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and has wiry, extensively-branched stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets narrowly elliptic, mostly 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, 1.5–5.0 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide and usually have four to ten teeth on each edge. The flowers are borne on pedicels more than 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have six to eight toothed sepals 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, six to eight usually pink sometimes white, petals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and usually fifty to sixty cream-coloured stamens. Flowering mostly occurs in spring and summer.

Answer: narrowly elliptic


Question: How are the leaflets of this plant shaped?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Bauera rubioides is a scrambling, tangled shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and has wiry, extensively-branched stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets narrowly elliptic, mostly 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, 1.5–5.0 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide and usually have four to ten teeth on each edge. The flowers are borne on pedicels more than 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have six to eight toothed sepals 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, six to eight usually pink sometimes white, petals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and usually fifty to sixty cream-coloured stamens. Flowering mostly occurs in spring and summer.

Answer: narrowly elliptic


Question: How are the leaflets of this plant shaped?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bauera rubioides is a scrambling, tangled shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and has wiry, extensively-branched stems. The leaves are trifoliate, the leaflets narrowly elliptic, mostly 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) long, 1.5–5.0 mm (0.059–0.197 in) wide and usually have four to ten teeth on each edge. The flowers are borne on pedicels more than 5 mm (0.20 in) long and have six to eight toothed sepals 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, six to eight usually pink sometimes white, petals 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long, and usually fifty to sixty cream-coloured stamens. Flowering mostly occurs in spring and summer.

Answer: narrowly elliptic


Question: What kind of name is this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Answer: common


Question: What kind of name is this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Answer: common


Question: What kind of name is this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Answer: common


Question: What kind of name is this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Answer: common


Question: What kind of name is this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Parentucellia viscosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names yellow bartsia and yellow glandweed. It is native to Europe, but it can be found on other continents, including Australia and North America, as an introduced species.

Answer: common


Question: What is one state in the us where this plant has become naturalized?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia. It is also cultivated in many countries.

Answer: colorado


Question: What is one state in the us where this plant has become naturalized?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia. It is also cultivated in many countries.

Answer: colorado


Question: What is one state in the us where this plant has become naturalized?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia. It is also cultivated in many countries.

Answer: colorado


Question: What is one state in the us where this plant has become naturalized?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia. It is also cultivated in many countries.

Answer: colorado


Question: What is one state in the us where this plant has become naturalized?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, including the British Isles and Scandinavia, and North America. In the United States and Canada, it has become established in the wild over an area from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, with additional populations in Colorado, Idaho, Washington state, Montana, and British Columbia. It is also cultivated in many countries.

Answer: colorado


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: eurasia


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: eurasia


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: eurasia


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: eurasia


Question: Where is this plant native to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: eurasia


Question: What part of europe has this plant been introduced?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: western


Question: What part of europe has this plant been introduced?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: western


Question: What part of europe has this plant been introduced?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: western


Question: What part of europe has this plant been introduced?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: western


Question: What part of europe has this plant been introduced?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa, and hoary alison. It is a biennial herb native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America. It is  listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of United States and Canada

Answer: western


Question: What color are this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: grayish


Question: What color are this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: grayish


Question: What color are this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: grayish


Question: What color are this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: grayish


Question: What color are this plant's leaves?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: grayish


Question: Are the leaves of this plant short or long?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: long


Question: Are the leaves of this plant short or long?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: long


Question: Are the leaves of this plant short or long?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: long


Question: Are the leaves of this plant short or long?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: long


Question: Are the leaves of this plant short or long?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: long


Question: What is the typical life span of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: biennial


Question: What is the typical life span of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: biennial


Question: What is the typical life span of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: biennial


Question: What is the typical life span of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: biennial


Question: What is the typical life span of this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Berteroa incana is typically a biennial herbaceous flowering plant, but it also grows as an annual to short-lived perennial. It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long. The leaves are hairy and grayish. The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.

Answer: biennial


Question: What type of ground is this plant used to cover?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: waste


Question: What type of ground is this plant used to cover?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: waste


Question: What type of ground is this plant used to cover?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: waste


Question: What type of ground is this plant used to cover?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: waste


Question: What type of ground is this plant used to cover?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: waste


Question: What is this plant used for?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping purposes


Question: What is this plant used for?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping purposes


Question: What is this plant used for?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping purposes


Question: What is this plant used for?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping purposes


Question: What is this plant used for?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping purposes


Question: What is a use for this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping


Question: What is a use for this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping


Question: What is a use for this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping


Question: What is a use for this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping


Question: What is a use for this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.

Answer: landscaping


Question: What does this plant possibly reduce?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: pollinators


Question: What does this plant possibly reduce?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: pollinators


Question: What does this plant possibly reduce?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: pollinators


Question: What does this plant possibly reduce?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: pollinators


Question: What does this plant possibly reduce?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: pollinators


Question: Does this plant like cold winters or does it just tolerate them?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: tolerates


Question: Does this plant like cold winters or does it just tolerate them?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: tolerates


Question: Does this plant like cold winters or does it just tolerate them?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: tolerates


Question: Does this plant like cold winters or does it just tolerate them?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: tolerates


Question: Does this plant like cold winters or does it just tolerate them?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

B. incana is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns In the United States. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.

Answer: tolerates


Question: What is this plant toxic to?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: horses


Question: What is this plant toxic to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: horses


Question: What is this plant toxic to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: horses


Question: What is this plant toxic to?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: horses


Question: What is this plant toxic to?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: horses


Question: What is not known about this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: the toxic compound


Question: What is not known about this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: the toxic compound


Question: What is not known about this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: the toxic compound


Question: What is not known about this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: the toxic compound


Question: What is not known about this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: the toxic compound


Question: What type of hemolysis can be caused by this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: intravascular


Question: What type of hemolysis can be caused by this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: intravascular


Question: What type of hemolysis can be caused by this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: intravascular


Question: What type of hemolysis can be caused by this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: intravascular


Question: What type of hemolysis can be caused by this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: intravascular


Question: What is a symptom of being poisoned by this plant that affects the stomach?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: gut ulceration


Question: What is a symptom of being poisoned by this plant that affects the stomach?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: gut ulceration


Question: What is a symptom of being poisoned by this plant that affects the stomach?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: gut ulceration


Question: What is a symptom of being poisoned by this plant that affects the stomach?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: gut ulceration


Question: What is a symptom of being poisoned by this plant that affects the stomach?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.

Answer: gut ulceration


Question: What measurement does the trunk of this tree range from 50 to 150 centimeters in?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Betula nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 25–30 meters (80–100 ft) with a trunk 50 to 150 centimeters (20 to 60 in) in diameter. The base of the tree is often divided into multiple slender trunks.
Bark
Bark characteristics of the river birch differ during its youth stage, maturation, and old growth. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. These scales are slightly separated from the trunk and can shift outward to the side. Once the river birch ages past maturity, the scales become thicker towards the base of the trunk and are divided in deep furrows.
Leaves and fruit
The twigs are glabrous or thinly hairy. There is an absence of terminal buds, and lateral buds often have a hook at the tip of the bud, which differs from other species in the family Betulaceae.  The leaves are alternate, ovate, 4–8 centimeters (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄4 in) long and 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside can be described as having a light yellow-green color. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

Answer: diameter


Question: What measurement does the trunk of this tree range from 50 to 150 centimeters in?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Betula nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 25–30 meters (80–100 ft) with a trunk 50 to 150 centimeters (20 to 60 in) in diameter. The base of the tree is often divided into multiple slender trunks.
Bark
Bark characteristics of the river birch differ during its youth stage, maturation, and old growth. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. These scales are slightly separated from the trunk and can shift outward to the side. Once the river birch ages past maturity, the scales become thicker towards the base of the trunk and are divided in deep furrows.
Leaves and fruit
The twigs are glabrous or thinly hairy. There is an absence of terminal buds, and lateral buds often have a hook at the tip of the bud, which differs from other species in the family Betulaceae.  The leaves are alternate, ovate, 4–8 centimeters (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄4 in) long and 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside can be described as having a light yellow-green color. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

Answer: diameter


Question: What measurement does the trunk of this tree range from 50 to 150 centimeters in?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Betula nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 25–30 meters (80–100 ft) with a trunk 50 to 150 centimeters (20 to 60 in) in diameter. The base of the tree is often divided into multiple slender trunks.
Bark
Bark characteristics of the river birch differ during its youth stage, maturation, and old growth. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. These scales are slightly separated from the trunk and can shift outward to the side. Once the river birch ages past maturity, the scales become thicker towards the base of the trunk and are divided in deep furrows.
Leaves and fruit
The twigs are glabrous or thinly hairy. There is an absence of terminal buds, and lateral buds often have a hook at the tip of the bud, which differs from other species in the family Betulaceae.  The leaves are alternate, ovate, 4–8 centimeters (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄4 in) long and 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside can be described as having a light yellow-green color. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

Answer: diameter


Question: What measurement does the trunk of this tree range from 50 to 150 centimeters in?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Betula nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 25–30 meters (80–100 ft) with a trunk 50 to 150 centimeters (20 to 60 in) in diameter. The base of the tree is often divided into multiple slender trunks.
Bark
Bark characteristics of the river birch differ during its youth stage, maturation, and old growth. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. These scales are slightly separated from the trunk and can shift outward to the side. Once the river birch ages past maturity, the scales become thicker towards the base of the trunk and are divided in deep furrows.
Leaves and fruit
The twigs are glabrous or thinly hairy. There is an absence of terminal buds, and lateral buds often have a hook at the tip of the bud, which differs from other species in the family Betulaceae.  The leaves are alternate, ovate, 4–8 centimeters (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄4 in) long and 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside can be described as having a light yellow-green color. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

Answer: diameter


Question: What measurement does the trunk of this tree range from 50 to 150 centimeters in?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Betula nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 25–30 meters (80–100 ft) with a trunk 50 to 150 centimeters (20 to 60 in) in diameter. The base of the tree is often divided into multiple slender trunks.
Bark
Bark characteristics of the river birch differ during its youth stage, maturation, and old growth. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. These scales are slightly separated from the trunk and can shift outward to the side. Once the river birch ages past maturity, the scales become thicker towards the base of the trunk and are divided in deep furrows.
Leaves and fruit
The twigs are glabrous or thinly hairy. There is an absence of terminal buds, and lateral buds often have a hook at the tip of the bud, which differs from other species in the family Betulaceae.  The leaves are alternate, ovate, 4–8 centimeters (1+1⁄2–3+1⁄4 in) long and 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside can be described as having a light yellow-green color. The leaves turn yellow in Autumn. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins 3–6 centimeters (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) long, the male catkins pendulous, the female catkins erect. The fruit is unusual among birches in maturing in late spring; it is composed of numerous tiny winged seeds packed between the catkin bracts.

Answer: diameter


Question: What do cobblers call this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands.

Answer: pegs


Question: What do cobblers call this plant?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands.

Answer: pegs


Question: What do cobblers call this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands.

Answer: pegs


Question: What do cobblers call this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands.

Answer: pegs


Question: What do cobblers call this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands.

Answer: pegs


Question: In what kind of habitats does this plant grow?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Boerhavia coccinea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is known by many common names, including scarlet spiderling, red boerhavia, and in Spanish, hierba del cancer and hierba de la hormiga.
This is a widespread plant, whose native range is not certain, but probably includes the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. It is present across the southeastern United States, where it may be naturalized. It is also present in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. It is present on many Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, where it is an invasive species and a noxious weed.
This plant grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed areas as a common roadside weed. It is a low-lying, sprawling perennial herb producing reaching stems which can exceed a meter in length. The stems are somewhat hairy and sticky with glands. The generally oval-shaped leaves are held on short petioles. They are wavy along the edges and may have reddish margins. The inflorescence is a small head of tiny frilly flowers, each just a few millimeters long. The flowers are often bright scarlet to red-violet in color but can be shades of pink, yellow, or white.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: In what kind of habitats does this plant grow?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Boerhavia coccinea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is known by many common names, including scarlet spiderling, red boerhavia, and in Spanish, hierba del cancer and hierba de la hormiga.
This is a widespread plant, whose native range is not certain, but probably includes the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. It is present across the southeastern United States, where it may be naturalized. It is also present in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. It is present on many Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, where it is an invasive species and a noxious weed.
This plant grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed areas as a common roadside weed. It is a low-lying, sprawling perennial herb producing reaching stems which can exceed a meter in length. The stems are somewhat hairy and sticky with glands. The generally oval-shaped leaves are held on short petioles. They are wavy along the edges and may have reddish margins. The inflorescence is a small head of tiny frilly flowers, each just a few millimeters long. The flowers are often bright scarlet to red-violet in color but can be shades of pink, yellow, or white.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: In what kind of habitats does this plant grow?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Boerhavia coccinea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is known by many common names, including scarlet spiderling, red boerhavia, and in Spanish, hierba del cancer and hierba de la hormiga.
This is a widespread plant, whose native range is not certain, but probably includes the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. It is present across the southeastern United States, where it may be naturalized. It is also present in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. It is present on many Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, where it is an invasive species and a noxious weed.
This plant grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed areas as a common roadside weed. It is a low-lying, sprawling perennial herb producing reaching stems which can exceed a meter in length. The stems are somewhat hairy and sticky with glands. The generally oval-shaped leaves are held on short petioles. They are wavy along the edges and may have reddish margins. The inflorescence is a small head of tiny frilly flowers, each just a few millimeters long. The flowers are often bright scarlet to red-violet in color but can be shades of pink, yellow, or white.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: In what kind of habitats does this plant grow?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Boerhavia coccinea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is known by many common names, including scarlet spiderling, red boerhavia, and in Spanish, hierba del cancer and hierba de la hormiga.
This is a widespread plant, whose native range is not certain, but probably includes the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. It is present across the southeastern United States, where it may be naturalized. It is also present in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. It is present on many Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, where it is an invasive species and a noxious weed.
This plant grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed areas as a common roadside weed. It is a low-lying, sprawling perennial herb producing reaching stems which can exceed a meter in length. The stems are somewhat hairy and sticky with glands. The generally oval-shaped leaves are held on short petioles. They are wavy along the edges and may have reddish margins. The inflorescence is a small head of tiny frilly flowers, each just a few millimeters long. The flowers are often bright scarlet to red-violet in color but can be shades of pink, yellow, or white.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: In what kind of habitats does this plant grow?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Boerhavia coccinea is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is known by many common names, including scarlet spiderling, red boerhavia, and in Spanish, hierba del cancer and hierba de la hormiga.
This is a widespread plant, whose native range is not certain, but probably includes the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. It is present across the southeastern United States, where it may be naturalized. It is also present in Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. It is present on many Pacific islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, where it is an invasive species and a noxious weed.
This plant grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed areas as a common roadside weed. It is a low-lying, sprawling perennial herb producing reaching stems which can exceed a meter in length. The stems are somewhat hairy and sticky with glands. The generally oval-shaped leaves are held on short petioles. They are wavy along the edges and may have reddish margins. The inflorescence is a small head of tiny frilly flowers, each just a few millimeters long. The flowers are often bright scarlet to red-violet in color but can be shades of pink, yellow, or white.

Answer: a wide variety


Question: What kind of behavioral traits does this bee have?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: complex


Question: What kind of behavioral traits does this bee have?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: complex


Question: What kind of behavioral traits does this bee have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: complex


Question: What kind of behavioral traits does this bee have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: complex


Question: What kind of behavioral traits does this bee have?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: complex


Question: What type of nest defense does this insect have?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: coordinated


Question: What type of nest defense does this insect have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: coordinated


Question: What type of nest defense does this insect have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: coordinated


Question: What type of nest defense does this insect have?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: coordinated


Question: What type of nest defense does this insect have?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Bombus fervidus, the golden northern bumble bee or yellow bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee native to North America. It has a yellow-colored abdomen and thorax. Its range includes the North American continent, excluding much of the southern United States, Alaska, and the northern parts of Canada. It is common in cities and farmland, with populations concentrated in the Northeastern part of the United States. It is similar in color and range to its sibling species, Bombus californicus, though sometimes also confused with the American bumblebee (Bombus pensylvanicus) or black and gold bumblebee (Bombus auricomus). It has complex behavioral traits, which includes a coordinated nest defense to ward off predators. B. fervidus is an important pollinator, so recent population decline is a particular concern.

Answer: coordinated