Question: Are the two subspecies of this insect recognized or unrecognized?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Lygaeus kalmii was first formally named in 1874 by Swedish entomologist Carl Stål in his Enumeratio Hemipterorum.
There are two recognized subspecies:
Lygaeus kalmii angustomarginatus Parshley, 1919 – eastern small milkweed bug
Lygaeus kalmii kalmii Stal, 1874 – western small milkweed bug

Answer: recognized


Question: Are the two subspecies of this insect recognized or unrecognized?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Lygaeus kalmii was first formally named in 1874 by Swedish entomologist Carl Stål in his Enumeratio Hemipterorum.
There are two recognized subspecies:
Lygaeus kalmii angustomarginatus Parshley, 1919 – eastern small milkweed bug
Lygaeus kalmii kalmii Stal, 1874 – western small milkweed bug

Answer: recognized


Question: What type of insect is this moth?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The black arches or nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

Answer: moth


Question: What type of insect is this moth?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The black arches or nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

Answer: moth


Question: What type of insect is this moth?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The black arches or nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

Answer: moth


Question: What type of insect is this moth?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The black arches or nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

Answer: moth


Question: What type of insect is this moth?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The black arches or nun moth (Lymantria monacha) is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.

Answer: moth


Question: What is the wingspan of this moth, in millimeters?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The gold-striped leaftier moth (Machimia tentoriferella) is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Mississippi and Iowa, north to Ontario.
The binomial name tentoriferella refers to Latin tentorium (meaning "a tent"), this probably is a reference to the rolled or tied leaf enclosure made by the larva.
The wingspan is 20–26 mm. Adults fly from September to October depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus nigra. Other recorded food plants include birch, elm, maple, oak, basswood, butternut, cherry, beech, hickory, balsam poplar, chestnut, hazel, apple, lilac and dogwood.

Answer: 20–26


Question: What is the wingspan of this moth, in millimeters?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The gold-striped leaftier moth (Machimia tentoriferella) is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Mississippi and Iowa, north to Ontario.
The binomial name tentoriferella refers to Latin tentorium (meaning "a tent"), this probably is a reference to the rolled or tied leaf enclosure made by the larva.
The wingspan is 20–26 mm. Adults fly from September to October depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus nigra. Other recorded food plants include birch, elm, maple, oak, basswood, butternut, cherry, beech, hickory, balsam poplar, chestnut, hazel, apple, lilac and dogwood.

Answer: 20–26


Question: What is the wingspan of this moth, in millimeters?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The gold-striped leaftier moth (Machimia tentoriferella) is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Mississippi and Iowa, north to Ontario.
The binomial name tentoriferella refers to Latin tentorium (meaning "a tent"), this probably is a reference to the rolled or tied leaf enclosure made by the larva.
The wingspan is 20–26 mm. Adults fly from September to October depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus nigra. Other recorded food plants include birch, elm, maple, oak, basswood, butternut, cherry, beech, hickory, balsam poplar, chestnut, hazel, apple, lilac and dogwood.

Answer: 20–26


Question: What is the wingspan of this moth, in millimeters?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The gold-striped leaftier moth (Machimia tentoriferella) is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Mississippi and Iowa, north to Ontario.
The binomial name tentoriferella refers to Latin tentorium (meaning "a tent"), this probably is a reference to the rolled or tied leaf enclosure made by the larva.
The wingspan is 20–26 mm. Adults fly from September to October depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus nigra. Other recorded food plants include birch, elm, maple, oak, basswood, butternut, cherry, beech, hickory, balsam poplar, chestnut, hazel, apple, lilac and dogwood.

Answer: 20–26


Question: What is the wingspan of this moth, in millimeters?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The gold-striped leaftier moth (Machimia tentoriferella) is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Mississippi and Iowa, north to Ontario.
The binomial name tentoriferella refers to Latin tentorium (meaning "a tent"), this probably is a reference to the rolled or tied leaf enclosure made by the larva.
The wingspan is 20–26 mm. Adults fly from September to October depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus nigra. Other recorded food plants include birch, elm, maple, oak, basswood, butternut, cherry, beech, hickory, balsam poplar, chestnut, hazel, apple, lilac and dogwood.

Answer: 20–26


Question: What does this plant form?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.

Answer: dense patches


Question: What does this plant form?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.

Answer: dense patches


Question: What does this plant form?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.

Answer: dense patches


Question: What does this plant form?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.

Answer: dense patches


Question: What does this plant form?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Maianthemum stellatum is a herbaceous perennial plant It grows from extensively branching rhizomes, often forming dense patches. Plants are 2-6 dm tall with 8-11 leaves.

Answer: dense patches


Question: What color are the tepals of this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long. Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.

Answer: white


Question: What color are the tepals of this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long. Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.

Answer: white


Question: What color are the tepals of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long. Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.

Answer: white


Question: What color are the tepals of this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long. Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.

Answer: white


Question: What color are the tepals of this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Tepals are white and 3–5 mm long. Green berries have distinctive dark stripes, eventually ripening to black.

Answer: white


Question: How many petals does this plant have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Malva assurgentiflora is a sprawling perennial herb or bushy shrub generally exceeding a meter tall and approaching four meters in maximum height. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and wide and are divided into 5 to 7 toothed lobes.
The showy flowers have five dark-veined deep pink petals which are somewhat rectangular in shape and 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters long. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into 6 or 8 segments each containing a seed.

Answer: five


Question: How many petals does this plant have?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Malva assurgentiflora is a sprawling perennial herb or bushy shrub generally exceeding a meter tall and approaching four meters in maximum height. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and wide and are divided into 5 to 7 toothed lobes.
The showy flowers have five dark-veined deep pink petals which are somewhat rectangular in shape and 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters long. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into 6 or 8 segments each containing a seed.

Answer: five


Question: How many petals does this plant have?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Malva assurgentiflora is a sprawling perennial herb or bushy shrub generally exceeding a meter tall and approaching four meters in maximum height. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and wide and are divided into 5 to 7 toothed lobes.
The showy flowers have five dark-veined deep pink petals which are somewhat rectangular in shape and 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters long. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into 6 or 8 segments each containing a seed.

Answer: five


Question: How many petals does this plant have?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Malva assurgentiflora is a sprawling perennial herb or bushy shrub generally exceeding a meter tall and approaching four meters in maximum height. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and wide and are divided into 5 to 7 toothed lobes.
The showy flowers have five dark-veined deep pink petals which are somewhat rectangular in shape and 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters long. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into 6 or 8 segments each containing a seed.

Answer: five


Question: How many petals does this plant have?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Malva assurgentiflora is a sprawling perennial herb or bushy shrub generally exceeding a meter tall and approaching four meters in maximum height. The leaves are up to 15 centimeters long and wide and are divided into 5 to 7 toothed lobes.
The showy flowers have five dark-veined deep pink petals which are somewhat rectangular in shape and 2.5 to 4.5 centimeters long. The disc-shaped fruit is divided into 6 or 8 segments each containing a seed.

Answer: five


Question: What becomes visible in the l7 stage of this insect?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The intervals of oviposition after copulating depend on the food intake and the overall physical fitness of the female. On average, 11 days are needed for the female to form and deposit an ootheca, which contains around 100 to 200 eggs. Copulation usually takes place in September or October, but the eggs overwinter and the larva do not hatch until the following spring. Hatching is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature (at least 17 °C) and humidity. Females prefer to deposit their eggs on solid substrates at warm and sunny sites. Most eggs from one ootheca hatch at the same time along the entire convex site, as worm-like prelarvae (L1). The hatchings always occur in the morning.
The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.
The L2–L6 stages generally last about 14 days each. During this time, a growth around 6 mm per stadium can be observed. Each stadium is completed with a moult. The L7 develops a more compact shape. Wing pads become visible. L7 and L8 show the same growth rate and duration as the previous stadia. After the next moult, the adult animal emerges. It now has wings and is fully developed. While more than eight moults have never been observed in M. religiosa, females usually need one more moult than males under similar circumstances.
Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than M. religiosa and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Answer: wing pads


Question: What becomes visible in the l7 stage of this insect?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The intervals of oviposition after copulating depend on the food intake and the overall physical fitness of the female. On average, 11 days are needed for the female to form and deposit an ootheca, which contains around 100 to 200 eggs. Copulation usually takes place in September or October, but the eggs overwinter and the larva do not hatch until the following spring. Hatching is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature (at least 17 °C) and humidity. Females prefer to deposit their eggs on solid substrates at warm and sunny sites. Most eggs from one ootheca hatch at the same time along the entire convex site, as worm-like prelarvae (L1). The hatchings always occur in the morning.
The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.
The L2–L6 stages generally last about 14 days each. During this time, a growth around 6 mm per stadium can be observed. Each stadium is completed with a moult. The L7 develops a more compact shape. Wing pads become visible. L7 and L8 show the same growth rate and duration as the previous stadia. After the next moult, the adult animal emerges. It now has wings and is fully developed. While more than eight moults have never been observed in M. religiosa, females usually need one more moult than males under similar circumstances.
Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than M. religiosa and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Answer: wing pads


Question: What becomes visible in the l7 stage of this insect?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The intervals of oviposition after copulating depend on the food intake and the overall physical fitness of the female. On average, 11 days are needed for the female to form and deposit an ootheca, which contains around 100 to 200 eggs. Copulation usually takes place in September or October, but the eggs overwinter and the larva do not hatch until the following spring. Hatching is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature (at least 17 °C) and humidity. Females prefer to deposit their eggs on solid substrates at warm and sunny sites. Most eggs from one ootheca hatch at the same time along the entire convex site, as worm-like prelarvae (L1). The hatchings always occur in the morning.
The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.
The L2–L6 stages generally last about 14 days each. During this time, a growth around 6 mm per stadium can be observed. Each stadium is completed with a moult. The L7 develops a more compact shape. Wing pads become visible. L7 and L8 show the same growth rate and duration as the previous stadia. After the next moult, the adult animal emerges. It now has wings and is fully developed. While more than eight moults have never been observed in M. religiosa, females usually need one more moult than males under similar circumstances.
Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than M. religiosa and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Answer: wing pads


Question: What becomes visible in the l7 stage of this insect?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The intervals of oviposition after copulating depend on the food intake and the overall physical fitness of the female. On average, 11 days are needed for the female to form and deposit an ootheca, which contains around 100 to 200 eggs. Copulation usually takes place in September or October, but the eggs overwinter and the larva do not hatch until the following spring. Hatching is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature (at least 17 °C) and humidity. Females prefer to deposit their eggs on solid substrates at warm and sunny sites. Most eggs from one ootheca hatch at the same time along the entire convex site, as worm-like prelarvae (L1). The hatchings always occur in the morning.
The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.
The L2–L6 stages generally last about 14 days each. During this time, a growth around 6 mm per stadium can be observed. Each stadium is completed with a moult. The L7 develops a more compact shape. Wing pads become visible. L7 and L8 show the same growth rate and duration as the previous stadia. After the next moult, the adult animal emerges. It now has wings and is fully developed. While more than eight moults have never been observed in M. religiosa, females usually need one more moult than males under similar circumstances.
Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than M. religiosa and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Answer: wing pads


Question: What becomes visible in the l7 stage of this insect?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The intervals of oviposition after copulating depend on the food intake and the overall physical fitness of the female. On average, 11 days are needed for the female to form and deposit an ootheca, which contains around 100 to 200 eggs. Copulation usually takes place in September or October, but the eggs overwinter and the larva do not hatch until the following spring. Hatching is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature (at least 17 °C) and humidity. Females prefer to deposit their eggs on solid substrates at warm and sunny sites. Most eggs from one ootheca hatch at the same time along the entire convex site, as worm-like prelarvae (L1). The hatchings always occur in the morning.
The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.
The L2–L6 stages generally last about 14 days each. During this time, a growth around 6 mm per stadium can be observed. Each stadium is completed with a moult. The L7 develops a more compact shape. Wing pads become visible. L7 and L8 show the same growth rate and duration as the previous stadia. After the next moult, the adult animal emerges. It now has wings and is fully developed. While more than eight moults have never been observed in M. religiosa, females usually need one more moult than males under similar circumstances.
Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than M. religiosa and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Answer: wing pads


Question: What is the maximum elevation that this plant grows to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The California manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but is also successful in dry chaparral, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It ranges through most of California except the far northwest and the Mojave Desert. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. In mild areas where year-round moisture is available, vines can be perennial. In the Mediterranean climate areas of California, manroot emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.

Answer: 1600 metres


Question: What is the maximum elevation that this plant grows to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The California manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but is also successful in dry chaparral, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It ranges through most of California except the far northwest and the Mojave Desert. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. In mild areas where year-round moisture is available, vines can be perennial. In the Mediterranean climate areas of California, manroot emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.

Answer: 1600 metres


Question: What is the maximum elevation that this plant grows to?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The California manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but is also successful in dry chaparral, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It ranges through most of California except the far northwest and the Mojave Desert. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. In mild areas where year-round moisture is available, vines can be perennial. In the Mediterranean climate areas of California, manroot emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.

Answer: 1600 metres


Question: What is the maximum elevation that this plant grows to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The California manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but is also successful in dry chaparral, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It ranges through most of California except the far northwest and the Mojave Desert. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. In mild areas where year-round moisture is available, vines can be perennial. In the Mediterranean climate areas of California, manroot emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.

Answer: 1600 metres


Question: What is the maximum elevation that this plant grows to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The California manroot grows most vigorously by streams or in washes but is also successful in dry chaparral, at elevations up to 1600 metres. It ranges through most of California except the far northwest and the Mojave Desert. It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. In mild areas where year-round moisture is available, vines can be perennial. In the Mediterranean climate areas of California, manroot emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.

Answer: 1600 metres


Question: What genus is this bird in?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a North American woodpecker. Its preferred habitat is mesquite, riparian woodlands, and tropical rainforest. It is distributed from Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cooke listed this species as an abundant resident of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in 1884.

Answer: melanerpes


Question: What genus is this bird in?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a North American woodpecker. Its preferred habitat is mesquite, riparian woodlands, and tropical rainforest. It is distributed from Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cooke listed this species as an abundant resident of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in 1884.

Answer: melanerpes


Question: What genus is this bird in?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a North American woodpecker. Its preferred habitat is mesquite, riparian woodlands, and tropical rainforest. It is distributed from Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cooke listed this species as an abundant resident of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in 1884.

Answer: melanerpes


Question: What genus is this bird in?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a North American woodpecker. Its preferred habitat is mesquite, riparian woodlands, and tropical rainforest. It is distributed from Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cooke listed this species as an abundant resident of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in 1884.

Answer: melanerpes


Question: What genus is this bird in?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a North American woodpecker. Its preferred habitat is mesquite, riparian woodlands, and tropical rainforest. It is distributed from Texas and Oklahoma in the United States through Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and northern Nicaragua. Cooke listed this species as an abundant resident of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, in 1884.

Answer: melanerpes


Question: What color are the eggs of this bird?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Nests are typically found in low branches or shrubs about 0.5 to 4 m (1.6 to 13.1 ft) above ground. The nest is a bulky cup made of twigs, stems, grasses, and hair, and is constructed by female towhees.
The female incubates the nest of 2 to 4 eggs alone for 11-14 days. Eggs are laid from March through September with shells that are slightly glossy and pale bluish white with some brownish flecks concentrated mostly on the larger end. At the time of hatching, the young have sparse down feathers. Young leave the nest after 6-11 days.
The California Towhee breeding season lasts from early April to early August, peaking in late May or early June. Towhees may raise 2-3 broods each year.

Answer: pale bluish white


Question: What color are the eggs of this bird?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Nests are typically found in low branches or shrubs about 0.5 to 4 m (1.6 to 13.1 ft) above ground. The nest is a bulky cup made of twigs, stems, grasses, and hair, and is constructed by female towhees.
The female incubates the nest of 2 to 4 eggs alone for 11-14 days. Eggs are laid from March through September with shells that are slightly glossy and pale bluish white with some brownish flecks concentrated mostly on the larger end. At the time of hatching, the young have sparse down feathers. Young leave the nest after 6-11 days.
The California Towhee breeding season lasts from early April to early August, peaking in late May or early June. Towhees may raise 2-3 broods each year.

Answer: pale bluish white


Question: What color are the eggs of this bird?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Nests are typically found in low branches or shrubs about 0.5 to 4 m (1.6 to 13.1 ft) above ground. The nest is a bulky cup made of twigs, stems, grasses, and hair, and is constructed by female towhees.
The female incubates the nest of 2 to 4 eggs alone for 11-14 days. Eggs are laid from March through September with shells that are slightly glossy and pale bluish white with some brownish flecks concentrated mostly on the larger end. At the time of hatching, the young have sparse down feathers. Young leave the nest after 6-11 days.
The California Towhee breeding season lasts from early April to early August, peaking in late May or early June. Towhees may raise 2-3 broods each year.

Answer: pale bluish white


Question: What color are the eggs of this bird?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Nests are typically found in low branches or shrubs about 0.5 to 4 m (1.6 to 13.1 ft) above ground. The nest is a bulky cup made of twigs, stems, grasses, and hair, and is constructed by female towhees.
The female incubates the nest of 2 to 4 eggs alone for 11-14 days. Eggs are laid from March through September with shells that are slightly glossy and pale bluish white with some brownish flecks concentrated mostly on the larger end. At the time of hatching, the young have sparse down feathers. Young leave the nest after 6-11 days.
The California Towhee breeding season lasts from early April to early August, peaking in late May or early June. Towhees may raise 2-3 broods each year.

Answer: pale bluish white


Question: What color are the eggs of this bird?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Nests are typically found in low branches or shrubs about 0.5 to 4 m (1.6 to 13.1 ft) above ground. The nest is a bulky cup made of twigs, stems, grasses, and hair, and is constructed by female towhees.
The female incubates the nest of 2 to 4 eggs alone for 11-14 days. Eggs are laid from March through September with shells that are slightly glossy and pale bluish white with some brownish flecks concentrated mostly on the larger end. At the time of hatching, the young have sparse down feathers. Young leave the nest after 6-11 days.
The California Towhee breeding season lasts from early April to early August, peaking in late May or early June. Towhees may raise 2-3 broods each year.

Answer: pale bluish white


Question: At what latitude is this tree common on stewart island?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It prefers cooler regions with high rainfall and is particularly common along the west coast of the South Island where its nectar is the main source of a locally produced rata honey. Southern rata is the most widespread of the New Zealand tree rata species. It is locally present in the North Island from latitude 36° southwards, is more common in western parts of the South Island but absent from much of the east, and is common on Stewart Island (47°S) and in the Auckland Islands, where it reaches its southern limit at just over 50°S.

Answer: 47°s


Question: At what latitude is this tree common on stewart island?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It prefers cooler regions with high rainfall and is particularly common along the west coast of the South Island where its nectar is the main source of a locally produced rata honey. Southern rata is the most widespread of the New Zealand tree rata species. It is locally present in the North Island from latitude 36° southwards, is more common in western parts of the South Island but absent from much of the east, and is common on Stewart Island (47°S) and in the Auckland Islands, where it reaches its southern limit at just over 50°S.

Answer: 47°s


Question: At what latitude is this tree common on stewart island?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

It prefers cooler regions with high rainfall and is particularly common along the west coast of the South Island where its nectar is the main source of a locally produced rata honey. Southern rata is the most widespread of the New Zealand tree rata species. It is locally present in the North Island from latitude 36° southwards, is more common in western parts of the South Island but absent from much of the east, and is common on Stewart Island (47°S) and in the Auckland Islands, where it reaches its southern limit at just over 50°S.

Answer: 47°s


Question: At what latitude is this tree common on stewart island?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It prefers cooler regions with high rainfall and is particularly common along the west coast of the South Island where its nectar is the main source of a locally produced rata honey. Southern rata is the most widespread of the New Zealand tree rata species. It is locally present in the North Island from latitude 36° southwards, is more common in western parts of the South Island but absent from much of the east, and is common on Stewart Island (47°S) and in the Auckland Islands, where it reaches its southern limit at just over 50°S.

Answer: 47°s


Question: At what latitude is this tree common on stewart island?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

It prefers cooler regions with high rainfall and is particularly common along the west coast of the South Island where its nectar is the main source of a locally produced rata honey. Southern rata is the most widespread of the New Zealand tree rata species. It is locally present in the North Island from latitude 36° southwards, is more common in western parts of the South Island but absent from much of the east, and is common on Stewart Island (47°S) and in the Auckland Islands, where it reaches its southern limit at just over 50°S.

Answer: 47°s


Question: What is it about the flowers of this plant that attracts bumblebees?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Bumblebees (such as the Bombus pensylvanicus) are attracted to the nectar of the flowers and are the primary pollinators.  Leaves of the plant are eaten by the caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia.   Butterflies and birds are also visitors to the sharp wing monkey-flower but there has been very little data collected for its floral-faunal relationships.

Answer: nectar


Question: What is it about the flowers of this plant that attracts bumblebees?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Bumblebees (such as the Bombus pensylvanicus) are attracted to the nectar of the flowers and are the primary pollinators.  Leaves of the plant are eaten by the caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia.   Butterflies and birds are also visitors to the sharp wing monkey-flower but there has been very little data collected for its floral-faunal relationships.

Answer: nectar


Question: What is it about the flowers of this plant that attracts bumblebees?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bumblebees (such as the Bombus pensylvanicus) are attracted to the nectar of the flowers and are the primary pollinators.  Leaves of the plant are eaten by the caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia.   Butterflies and birds are also visitors to the sharp wing monkey-flower but there has been very little data collected for its floral-faunal relationships.

Answer: nectar


Question: What is it about the flowers of this plant that attracts bumblebees?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Bumblebees (such as the Bombus pensylvanicus) are attracted to the nectar of the flowers and are the primary pollinators.  Leaves of the plant are eaten by the caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia.   Butterflies and birds are also visitors to the sharp wing monkey-flower but there has been very little data collected for its floral-faunal relationships.

Answer: nectar


Question: What is it about the flowers of this plant that attracts bumblebees?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Bumblebees (such as the Bombus pensylvanicus) are attracted to the nectar of the flowers and are the primary pollinators.  Leaves of the plant are eaten by the caterpillars of the moth Elaphria chalcedonia.   Butterflies and birds are also visitors to the sharp wing monkey-flower but there has been very little data collected for its floral-faunal relationships.

Answer: nectar


Question: Which subspecies of this bird is found in central and eastern bolivia?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.

Answer: m. s. frater


Question: Which subspecies of this bird is found in central and eastern bolivia?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.

Answer: m. s. frater


Question: Which subspecies of this bird is found in central and eastern bolivia?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.

Answer: m. s. frater


Question: Which subspecies of this bird is found in central and eastern bolivia?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.

Answer: m. s. frater


Question: Which subspecies of this bird is found in central and eastern bolivia?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The nominate subspecies of chalk-browed mockingbird is found in southern Suriname and adjoining Pará state in Brazil. M. s. arenaceus is found in eastern Brazil from Paraíba state south to eastern Bahia state. M. s. frater is found in central and eastern Bolivia and much of central Brazil. M. s. modulator is found from southeastern Bolivia and Paraguay into central Argentina and extreme southeastern Brazil.
The chalk-browed mockingbird inhabits open areas such as savanna, forest edge, open woodland, pastures with scattered trees, and urban and suburban gardens. It is generally a bird of the lowlands but reaches as high as about 2,500 m (8,200 ft) in northern Argentina.

Answer: m. s. frater


Question: How long ago was this plant redefined as a species?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Mirabilis laevis, the desert wishbone-bush, is a recently redefined species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family. Distribution is in the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.

Answer: recently


Question: How long ago was this plant redefined as a species?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Mirabilis laevis, the desert wishbone-bush, is a recently redefined species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family. Distribution is in the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.

Answer: recently


Question: How long ago was this plant redefined as a species?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Mirabilis laevis, the desert wishbone-bush, is a recently redefined species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family. Distribution is in the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.

Answer: recently


Question: How long ago was this plant redefined as a species?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Mirabilis laevis, the desert wishbone-bush, is a recently redefined species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family. Distribution is in the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.

Answer: recently


Question: How long ago was this plant redefined as a species?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Mirabilis laevis, the desert wishbone-bush, is a recently redefined species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family. Distribution is in the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico.

Answer: recently


Question: Eulalia japonica trin. and saccharum japonicum thunb. are what to this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Eulalia japonica Trin.
Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Answer: synonyms


Question: Eulalia japonica trin. and saccharum japonicum thunb. are what to this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Eulalia japonica Trin.
Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Answer: synonyms


Question: Eulalia japonica trin. and saccharum japonicum thunb. are what to this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Eulalia japonica Trin.
Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Answer: synonyms


Question: Eulalia japonica trin. and saccharum japonicum thunb. are what to this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Eulalia japonica Trin.
Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Answer: synonyms


Question: Eulalia japonica trin. and saccharum japonicum thunb. are what to this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Eulalia japonica Trin.
Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Answer: synonyms


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

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Moehringia macrophylla, commonly known as the largeleaf sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to parts of eastern and western North America, where it can be found in moist, shady habitat types, such as mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to about 18 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and oppositely arranged about the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of 2 to 5 flowers, each with 5 pointed green sepals and 5 rounded white petals. The fruit is a toothed black capsule.

Answer: lance


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Moehringia macrophylla, commonly known as the largeleaf sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to parts of eastern and western North America, where it can be found in moist, shady habitat types, such as mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to about 18 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and oppositely arranged about the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of 2 to 5 flowers, each with 5 pointed green sepals and 5 rounded white petals. The fruit is a toothed black capsule.

Answer: lance


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Moehringia macrophylla, commonly known as the largeleaf sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to parts of eastern and western North America, where it can be found in moist, shady habitat types, such as mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to about 18 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and oppositely arranged about the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of 2 to 5 flowers, each with 5 pointed green sepals and 5 rounded white petals. The fruit is a toothed black capsule.

Answer: lance


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Moehringia macrophylla, commonly known as the largeleaf sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to parts of eastern and western North America, where it can be found in moist, shady habitat types, such as mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to about 18 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and oppositely arranged about the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of 2 to 5 flowers, each with 5 pointed green sepals and 5 rounded white petals. The fruit is a toothed black capsule.

Answer: lance


Question: What shape are the leaves of this plant?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Moehringia macrophylla, commonly known as the largeleaf sandwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to parts of eastern and western North America, where it can be found in moist, shady habitat types, such as mountain forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing erect to about 18 centimeters in maximum height. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 5 centimeters long and oppositely arranged about the stem. The inflorescence is a cyme of 2 to 5 flowers, each with 5 pointed green sepals and 5 rounded white petals. The fruit is a toothed black capsule.

Answer: lance


Question: Where are this bird nestlings sometimes expelled?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown-headed cowbirds, meaning few survive to fledge.Accepting a cowbird egg and rearing a cowbird chick can be costly to a host species. In the American redstart, nests parasitized by cowbirds were found to have a higher rate of predation, likely due in part to the loud begging calls by the cowbird nestling, but also partly explained by the fact that nests likely to be parasitized are also more likely to be preyed upon.
Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Host species sometimes notice the cowbird egg, with different hosts reacting to the egg in different ways. Some, like the blue-grey gnatcatcher, abandon their nest, losing their own eggs as well. Others, like the American yellow warbler, bury the foreign egg under nest material, where it perishes. The brown thrasher physically ejects the egg from the nest. Experiments with grey catbirds, a known cowbird host, have shown that this species rejects cowbird eggs more than 95% of the time. For this species, the cost of accepting cowbird eggs (i.e. the loss of their own eggs or nestlings through starvation or the actions of the nestling cowbird) was far higher than the cost of rejecting those eggs (i.e. where the host might conceivably eject its own egg accidentally). Brown-headed cowbird nestlings are also sometimes expelled from the nest.  Nestlings of host species can also alter their behavior in response to the presence of a cowbird nestling.

Answer: from the nest


Question: Where are this bird nestlings sometimes expelled?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown-headed cowbirds, meaning few survive to fledge.Accepting a cowbird egg and rearing a cowbird chick can be costly to a host species. In the American redstart, nests parasitized by cowbirds were found to have a higher rate of predation, likely due in part to the loud begging calls by the cowbird nestling, but also partly explained by the fact that nests likely to be parasitized are also more likely to be preyed upon.
Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Host species sometimes notice the cowbird egg, with different hosts reacting to the egg in different ways. Some, like the blue-grey gnatcatcher, abandon their nest, losing their own eggs as well. Others, like the American yellow warbler, bury the foreign egg under nest material, where it perishes. The brown thrasher physically ejects the egg from the nest. Experiments with grey catbirds, a known cowbird host, have shown that this species rejects cowbird eggs more than 95% of the time. For this species, the cost of accepting cowbird eggs (i.e. the loss of their own eggs or nestlings through starvation or the actions of the nestling cowbird) was far higher than the cost of rejecting those eggs (i.e. where the host might conceivably eject its own egg accidentally). Brown-headed cowbird nestlings are also sometimes expelled from the nest.  Nestlings of host species can also alter their behavior in response to the presence of a cowbird nestling.

Answer: from the nest


Question: Where are this bird nestlings sometimes expelled?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown-headed cowbirds, meaning few survive to fledge.Accepting a cowbird egg and rearing a cowbird chick can be costly to a host species. In the American redstart, nests parasitized by cowbirds were found to have a higher rate of predation, likely due in part to the loud begging calls by the cowbird nestling, but also partly explained by the fact that nests likely to be parasitized are also more likely to be preyed upon.
Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Host species sometimes notice the cowbird egg, with different hosts reacting to the egg in different ways. Some, like the blue-grey gnatcatcher, abandon their nest, losing their own eggs as well. Others, like the American yellow warbler, bury the foreign egg under nest material, where it perishes. The brown thrasher physically ejects the egg from the nest. Experiments with grey catbirds, a known cowbird host, have shown that this species rejects cowbird eggs more than 95% of the time. For this species, the cost of accepting cowbird eggs (i.e. the loss of their own eggs or nestlings through starvation or the actions of the nestling cowbird) was far higher than the cost of rejecting those eggs (i.e. where the host might conceivably eject its own egg accidentally). Brown-headed cowbird nestlings are also sometimes expelled from the nest.  Nestlings of host species can also alter their behavior in response to the presence of a cowbird nestling.

Answer: from the nest


Question: Where are this bird nestlings sometimes expelled?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown-headed cowbirds, meaning few survive to fledge.Accepting a cowbird egg and rearing a cowbird chick can be costly to a host species. In the American redstart, nests parasitized by cowbirds were found to have a higher rate of predation, likely due in part to the loud begging calls by the cowbird nestling, but also partly explained by the fact that nests likely to be parasitized are also more likely to be preyed upon.
Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Host species sometimes notice the cowbird egg, with different hosts reacting to the egg in different ways. Some, like the blue-grey gnatcatcher, abandon their nest, losing their own eggs as well. Others, like the American yellow warbler, bury the foreign egg under nest material, where it perishes. The brown thrasher physically ejects the egg from the nest. Experiments with grey catbirds, a known cowbird host, have shown that this species rejects cowbird eggs more than 95% of the time. For this species, the cost of accepting cowbird eggs (i.e. the loss of their own eggs or nestlings through starvation or the actions of the nestling cowbird) was far higher than the cost of rejecting those eggs (i.e. where the host might conceivably eject its own egg accidentally). Brown-headed cowbird nestlings are also sometimes expelled from the nest.  Nestlings of host species can also alter their behavior in response to the presence of a cowbird nestling.

Answer: from the nest


Question: Where are this bird nestlings sometimes expelled?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Some host species, such as the house finch, feed their young a vegetarian diet. This is unsuitable for young brown-headed cowbirds, meaning few survive to fledge.Accepting a cowbird egg and rearing a cowbird chick can be costly to a host species. In the American redstart, nests parasitized by cowbirds were found to have a higher rate of predation, likely due in part to the loud begging calls by the cowbird nestling, but also partly explained by the fact that nests likely to be parasitized are also more likely to be preyed upon.
Unlike the common cuckoo, the brown-headed cowbird is not divided into gentes whose eggs imitate those of a particular host. Host species sometimes notice the cowbird egg, with different hosts reacting to the egg in different ways. Some, like the blue-grey gnatcatcher, abandon their nest, losing their own eggs as well. Others, like the American yellow warbler, bury the foreign egg under nest material, where it perishes. The brown thrasher physically ejects the egg from the nest. Experiments with grey catbirds, a known cowbird host, have shown that this species rejects cowbird eggs more than 95% of the time. For this species, the cost of accepting cowbird eggs (i.e. the loss of their own eggs or nestlings through starvation or the actions of the nestling cowbird) was far higher than the cost of rejecting those eggs (i.e. where the host might conceivably eject its own egg accidentally). Brown-headed cowbird nestlings are also sometimes expelled from the nest.  Nestlings of host species can also alter their behavior in response to the presence of a cowbird nestling.

Answer: from the nest


Question: Does this plant contain or lack glycosides?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant contains glycosides and may be toxic to humans.

Answer: contains


Question: Does this plant contain or lack glycosides?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The plant contains glycosides and may be toxic to humans.

Answer: contains


Question: Does this plant contain or lack glycosides?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The plant contains glycosides and may be toxic to humans.

Answer: contains


Question: Does this plant contain or lack glycosides?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant contains glycosides and may be toxic to humans.

Answer: contains


Question: Does this plant contain or lack glycosides?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The plant contains glycosides and may be toxic to humans.

Answer: contains


Question: How does this plant grow?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Paperwhite', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

Answer: from a bulb


Question: How does this plant grow?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Paperwhite', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

Answer: from a bulb


Question: How does this plant grow?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Paperwhite', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

Answer: from a bulb


Question: How does this plant grow?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Paperwhite', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

Answer: from a bulb


Question: How does this plant grow?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

Narcissus tazetta (paperwhite, bunch-flowered narcissus, bunch-flowered daffodil, Chinese sacred lily, cream narcissus, joss flower, polyanthus narcissus) is a perennial ornamental plant that grows from a bulb. Cultivars of N. tazetta include 'Paperwhite', 'Grand Soleil d'Or' and 'Ziva', which are popularly used for forcing indoors, as is the form of N. tazetta known as Chinese Sacred Lily.

Answer: from a bulb


Question: What are the adults of this moth doing from march to october?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Nemoria bistriaria, the red-fringed emerald or two-striped emerald,  is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas, north to Ontario.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are on wing from March to October in the south and from May to August in the north. There are at least two generations per year.
The species occurs in a seasonal brown form where the green colour of the wings is entirely replaced by a light coffee colour.
The larvae of ssp. siccifolia feed on white oak, while larvae of the nominate subspecies have been recorded on eastern black walnut, black birch and oak.

Answer: on wing


Question: What are the adults of this moth doing from march to october?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

Nemoria bistriaria, the red-fringed emerald or two-striped emerald,  is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas, north to Ontario.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are on wing from March to October in the south and from May to August in the north. There are at least two generations per year.
The species occurs in a seasonal brown form where the green colour of the wings is entirely replaced by a light coffee colour.
The larvae of ssp. siccifolia feed on white oak, while larvae of the nominate subspecies have been recorded on eastern black walnut, black birch and oak.

Answer: on wing


Question: What are the adults of this moth doing from march to october?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Nemoria bistriaria, the red-fringed emerald or two-striped emerald,  is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas, north to Ontario.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are on wing from March to October in the south and from May to August in the north. There are at least two generations per year.
The species occurs in a seasonal brown form where the green colour of the wings is entirely replaced by a light coffee colour.
The larvae of ssp. siccifolia feed on white oak, while larvae of the nominate subspecies have been recorded on eastern black walnut, black birch and oak.

Answer: on wing


Question: What are the adults of this moth doing from march to october?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Nemoria bistriaria, the red-fringed emerald or two-striped emerald,  is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas, north to Ontario.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are on wing from March to October in the south and from May to August in the north. There are at least two generations per year.
The species occurs in a seasonal brown form where the green colour of the wings is entirely replaced by a light coffee colour.
The larvae of ssp. siccifolia feed on white oak, while larvae of the nominate subspecies have been recorded on eastern black walnut, black birch and oak.

Answer: on wing


Question: What are the adults of this moth doing from march to october?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Nemoria bistriaria, the red-fringed emerald or two-striped emerald,  is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from New Brunswick to Florida, west to Texas, north to Ontario.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are on wing from March to October in the south and from May to August in the north. There are at least two generations per year.
The species occurs in a seasonal brown form where the green colour of the wings is entirely replaced by a light coffee colour.
The larvae of ssp. siccifolia feed on white oak, while larvae of the nominate subspecies have been recorded on eastern black walnut, black birch and oak.

Answer: on wing


Question: What language is this plant commonly known as?

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The plant is commonly known in English as tree tobacco, mustard tree, tobacco bush, tobacco plant, tobacco tree, and wild tobacco. It is also known as blaugrüner Tabak ("blue-green tobacco") in German.
In Spanish and throughout Latin America, it is known by many names including: tabaco moro ("Moorish tobacco"),  palancho, and palán palán.
Its botanical name, Nicotiana glauca, was given to it in 1828 by Robert Graham. The genus is named after Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600), a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds and powdered leaves from Lisbon to France.

Answer: english


Question: What language is this plant commonly known as?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant is commonly known in English as tree tobacco, mustard tree, tobacco bush, tobacco plant, tobacco tree, and wild tobacco. It is also known as blaugrüner Tabak ("blue-green tobacco") in German.
In Spanish and throughout Latin America, it is known by many names including: tabaco moro ("Moorish tobacco"),  palancho, and palán palán.
Its botanical name, Nicotiana glauca, was given to it in 1828 by Robert Graham. The genus is named after Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600), a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds and powdered leaves from Lisbon to France.

Answer: english


Question: What language is this plant commonly known as?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The plant is commonly known in English as tree tobacco, mustard tree, tobacco bush, tobacco plant, tobacco tree, and wild tobacco. It is also known as blaugrüner Tabak ("blue-green tobacco") in German.
In Spanish and throughout Latin America, it is known by many names including: tabaco moro ("Moorish tobacco"),  palancho, and palán palán.
Its botanical name, Nicotiana glauca, was given to it in 1828 by Robert Graham. The genus is named after Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600), a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds and powdered leaves from Lisbon to France.

Answer: english


Question: What language is this plant commonly known as?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The plant is commonly known in English as tree tobacco, mustard tree, tobacco bush, tobacco plant, tobacco tree, and wild tobacco. It is also known as blaugrüner Tabak ("blue-green tobacco") in German.
In Spanish and throughout Latin America, it is known by many names including: tabaco moro ("Moorish tobacco"),  palancho, and palán palán.
Its botanical name, Nicotiana glauca, was given to it in 1828 by Robert Graham. The genus is named after Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600), a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds and powdered leaves from Lisbon to France.

Answer: english


Question: What language is this plant commonly known as?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The plant is commonly known in English as tree tobacco, mustard tree, tobacco bush, tobacco plant, tobacco tree, and wild tobacco. It is also known as blaugrüner Tabak ("blue-green tobacco") in German.
In Spanish and throughout Latin America, it is known by many names including: tabaco moro ("Moorish tobacco"),  palancho, and palán palán.
Its botanical name, Nicotiana glauca, was given to it in 1828 by Robert Graham. The genus is named after Jean Nicot (c.1530-1600), a French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds and powdered leaves from Lisbon to France.

Answer: english


Question: What type of bird is this?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the ruru or Tasmanian spotted owl, is a small brown owl found throughout New Zealand and Tasmania. Described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it was for many years considered to be the same species as the Australian boobook of mainland Australia until 1999. Its name is derived from its two-tone call. Four subspecies of the morepork are recognized, one of which is extinct and another that exists only as a hybrid population. The bird has almost 20 alternative common names, including mopoke and boobook—many of these names are onomatopoeic, as they emulate the bird's distinctive two-pitched call.
It has dark brown plumage with prominent pale spots, and golden-yellow eyes. It is generally nocturnal, though sometimes active at dawn and dusk, retiring to roost in secluded spots in the foliage of trees. The morepork feeds on insects and small vertebrates, hunting by pouncing on them from tree perches. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the morepork as being of least concern on account of its large range and apparently stable population.

Answer: owl


Question: What type of bird is this?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the ruru or Tasmanian spotted owl, is a small brown owl found throughout New Zealand and Tasmania. Described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it was for many years considered to be the same species as the Australian boobook of mainland Australia until 1999. Its name is derived from its two-tone call. Four subspecies of the morepork are recognized, one of which is extinct and another that exists only as a hybrid population. The bird has almost 20 alternative common names, including mopoke and boobook—many of these names are onomatopoeic, as they emulate the bird's distinctive two-pitched call.
It has dark brown plumage with prominent pale spots, and golden-yellow eyes. It is generally nocturnal, though sometimes active at dawn and dusk, retiring to roost in secluded spots in the foliage of trees. The morepork feeds on insects and small vertebrates, hunting by pouncing on them from tree perches. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the morepork as being of least concern on account of its large range and apparently stable population.

Answer: owl


Question: What type of bird is this?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the ruru or Tasmanian spotted owl, is a small brown owl found throughout New Zealand and Tasmania. Described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it was for many years considered to be the same species as the Australian boobook of mainland Australia until 1999. Its name is derived from its two-tone call. Four subspecies of the morepork are recognized, one of which is extinct and another that exists only as a hybrid population. The bird has almost 20 alternative common names, including mopoke and boobook—many of these names are onomatopoeic, as they emulate the bird's distinctive two-pitched call.
It has dark brown plumage with prominent pale spots, and golden-yellow eyes. It is generally nocturnal, though sometimes active at dawn and dusk, retiring to roost in secluded spots in the foliage of trees. The morepork feeds on insects and small vertebrates, hunting by pouncing on them from tree perches. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the morepork as being of least concern on account of its large range and apparently stable population.

Answer: owl


Question: What type of bird is this?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the ruru or Tasmanian spotted owl, is a small brown owl found throughout New Zealand and Tasmania. Described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it was for many years considered to be the same species as the Australian boobook of mainland Australia until 1999. Its name is derived from its two-tone call. Four subspecies of the morepork are recognized, one of which is extinct and another that exists only as a hybrid population. The bird has almost 20 alternative common names, including mopoke and boobook—many of these names are onomatopoeic, as they emulate the bird's distinctive two-pitched call.
It has dark brown plumage with prominent pale spots, and golden-yellow eyes. It is generally nocturnal, though sometimes active at dawn and dusk, retiring to roost in secluded spots in the foliage of trees. The morepork feeds on insects and small vertebrates, hunting by pouncing on them from tree perches. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the morepork as being of least concern on account of its large range and apparently stable population.

Answer: owl


Question: What type of bird is this?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the ruru or Tasmanian spotted owl, is a small brown owl found throughout New Zealand and Tasmania. Described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it was for many years considered to be the same species as the Australian boobook of mainland Australia until 1999. Its name is derived from its two-tone call. Four subspecies of the morepork are recognized, one of which is extinct and another that exists only as a hybrid population. The bird has almost 20 alternative common names, including mopoke and boobook—many of these names are onomatopoeic, as they emulate the bird's distinctive two-pitched call.
It has dark brown plumage with prominent pale spots, and golden-yellow eyes. It is generally nocturnal, though sometimes active at dawn and dusk, retiring to roost in secluded spots in the foliage of trees. The morepork feeds on insects and small vertebrates, hunting by pouncing on them from tree perches. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the morepork as being of least concern on account of its large range and apparently stable population.

Answer: owl


Question: What does the common name stinknet reflect about this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Synonyms include Matricaria globifera because it was previously in the Matricaria genus, and Pentzia globifera, named for 18th century Swedish botanist Carolus Johannes Pentz.
The common name "stinknet" reflects the plant's strong odor.

Answer: the plant's strong odor


Question: What does the common name stinknet reflect about this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Synonyms include Matricaria globifera because it was previously in the Matricaria genus, and Pentzia globifera, named for 18th century Swedish botanist Carolus Johannes Pentz.
The common name "stinknet" reflects the plant's strong odor.

Answer: the plant's strong odor


Question: What does the common name stinknet reflect about this plant?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Synonyms include Matricaria globifera because it was previously in the Matricaria genus, and Pentzia globifera, named for 18th century Swedish botanist Carolus Johannes Pentz.
The common name "stinknet" reflects the plant's strong odor.

Answer: the plant's strong odor


Question: What does the common name stinknet reflect about this plant?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Synonyms include Matricaria globifera because it was previously in the Matricaria genus, and Pentzia globifera, named for 18th century Swedish botanist Carolus Johannes Pentz.
The common name "stinknet" reflects the plant's strong odor.

Answer: the plant's strong odor


Question: What does the common name stinknet reflect about this plant?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Synonyms include Matricaria globifera because it was previously in the Matricaria genus, and Pentzia globifera, named for 18th century Swedish botanist Carolus Johannes Pentz.
The common name "stinknet" reflects the plant's strong odor.

Answer: the plant's strong odor


Question: What type of cliffs do these birds nest on?

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The red-winged starling is territorial, aggressive and intolerant when nesting, and will attack other species, including domestic animals and humans. When not breeding, red-winged starlings are highly gregarious and will associate with other members of their species in large flocks.
This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The red-winged starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays two to four, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to fledge. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the great spotted cuckoo.

Answer: rocky


Question: What type of cliffs do these birds nest on?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The red-winged starling is territorial, aggressive and intolerant when nesting, and will attack other species, including domestic animals and humans. When not breeding, red-winged starlings are highly gregarious and will associate with other members of their species in large flocks.
This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The red-winged starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays two to four, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to fledge. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the great spotted cuckoo.

Answer: rocky


Question: What type of cliffs do these birds nest on?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The red-winged starling is territorial, aggressive and intolerant when nesting, and will attack other species, including domestic animals and humans. When not breeding, red-winged starlings are highly gregarious and will associate with other members of their species in large flocks.
This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The red-winged starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays two to four, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to fledge. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the great spotted cuckoo.

Answer: rocky


Question: What type of cliffs do these birds nest on?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The red-winged starling is territorial, aggressive and intolerant when nesting, and will attack other species, including domestic animals and humans. When not breeding, red-winged starlings are highly gregarious and will associate with other members of their species in large flocks.
This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The red-winged starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays two to four, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to fledge. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the great spotted cuckoo.

Answer: rocky


Question: What type of cliffs do these birds nest on?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The red-winged starling is territorial, aggressive and intolerant when nesting, and will attack other species, including domestic animals and humans. When not breeding, red-winged starlings are highly gregarious and will associate with other members of their species in large flocks.
This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The red-winged starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge. It lays two to four, usually three, blue eggs, spotted with red-brown. The female incubates the eggs for 13–14 days, with another 22–28 days to fledge. This starling is commonly double-brooded. It may be parasitised by the great spotted cuckoo.

Answer: rocky


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Answer: apiaceae


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Answer: apiaceae


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Answer: apiaceae


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Answer: apiaceae


Question: What family does this plant belong to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.

Answer: apiaceae


Question: What type of environment does this plant prefer?

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It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.

Answer: shady


Question: What type of environment does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.

Answer: shady


Question: What type of environment does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.

Answer: shady


Question: What type of environment does this plant prefer?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.

Answer: shady


Question: What type of environment does this plant prefer?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

It can be used as ground cover in shady places. Hardy in USDA zones 5–9.

Answer: shady


Question: Are the young shoots of this plant similar or different to those of other ferns?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.
According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees.  However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process.  In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve.  Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.
The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

Answer: similar


Question: Are the young shoots of this plant similar or different to those of other ferns?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.
According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees.  However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process.  In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve.  Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.
The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

Answer: similar


Question: Are the young shoots of this plant similar or different to those of other ferns?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.
According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees.  However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process.  In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve.  Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.
The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

Answer: similar


Question: Are the young shoots of this plant similar or different to those of other ferns?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.
According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees.  However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process.  In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve.  Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.
The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

Answer: similar


Question: Are the young shoots of this plant similar or different to those of other ferns?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The roots, along with those of other species of Osmunda, are used for the production of osmunda fibre, used as a growing medium for cultivated orchids and other epiphytic plants.
According to Slavic mythology, the sporangia, called "Perun's flowers", have assorted magical powers, such as giving their holders the ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of trees.  However, collecting the sporangia is a difficult and frightening process.  In earlier traditions, they must be collected on Kupala night; later, after the arrival of Christianity, the date is changed to Easter eve.  Either way, the person wanting to collect Perun's flowers must stand within a circle drawn around the plant and withstand the taunting or threats of demons.
The young shoots of the fern are, along with the similar shoots of many other fern species, known in some places as fiddleheads, and eaten as food, thought to have an asparagus-like taste.

Answer: similar


Question: What is one country in which this insect is a problem?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

The European corn borer is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. This moth plagues corn crops in France, Spain, Italy, and Poland. In North America, the European corn borer is found in eastern Canada and every U.S. state east of the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: france


Question: What is one country in which this insect is a problem?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The European corn borer is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. This moth plagues corn crops in France, Spain, Italy, and Poland. In North America, the European corn borer is found in eastern Canada and every U.S. state east of the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: france


Question: What is one country in which this insect is a problem?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The European corn borer is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. This moth plagues corn crops in France, Spain, Italy, and Poland. In North America, the European corn borer is found in eastern Canada and every U.S. state east of the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: france


Question: What is one country in which this insect is a problem?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

The European corn borer is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. This moth plagues corn crops in France, Spain, Italy, and Poland. In North America, the European corn borer is found in eastern Canada and every U.S. state east of the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: france


Question: What is one country in which this insect is a problem?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

The European corn borer is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the early 20th century. This moth plagues corn crops in France, Spain, Italy, and Poland. In North America, the European corn borer is found in eastern Canada and every U.S. state east of the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: france


Question: What is the average length of a fully grown this insect larva?

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The fully grown larva is 0.75 to 1 inch (1.9-2.5 cm) in length. Larva vary in color from light brown to pinkish gray and have conspicuous small, round, brown spots on each segment along the body. As they grow they reach between 2 and 20 mm. The larva feed on the corn whorl and burrow into the stalk and ear. They have high mortality directly after emergence, but as soon as a feeding site is established, they have better survival rates. Total development before pupation lasts 50 days on average.

Answer: 0.75 to 1 inch


Question: What is the average length of a fully grown this insect larva?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

The fully grown larva is 0.75 to 1 inch (1.9-2.5 cm) in length. Larva vary in color from light brown to pinkish gray and have conspicuous small, round, brown spots on each segment along the body. As they grow they reach between 2 and 20 mm. The larva feed on the corn whorl and burrow into the stalk and ear. They have high mortality directly after emergence, but as soon as a feeding site is established, they have better survival rates. Total development before pupation lasts 50 days on average.

Answer: 0.75 to 1 inch


Question: What is the average length of a fully grown this insect larva?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

The fully grown larva is 0.75 to 1 inch (1.9-2.5 cm) in length. Larva vary in color from light brown to pinkish gray and have conspicuous small, round, brown spots on each segment along the body. As they grow they reach between 2 and 20 mm. The larva feed on the corn whorl and burrow into the stalk and ear. They have high mortality directly after emergence, but as soon as a feeding site is established, they have better survival rates. Total development before pupation lasts 50 days on average.

Answer: 0.75 to 1 inch


Question: What is the average length of a fully grown this insect larva?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The fully grown larva is 0.75 to 1 inch (1.9-2.5 cm) in length. Larva vary in color from light brown to pinkish gray and have conspicuous small, round, brown spots on each segment along the body. As they grow they reach between 2 and 20 mm. The larva feed on the corn whorl and burrow into the stalk and ear. They have high mortality directly after emergence, but as soon as a feeding site is established, they have better survival rates. Total development before pupation lasts 50 days on average.

Answer: 0.75 to 1 inch


Question: What is the average length of a fully grown this insect larva?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

The fully grown larva is 0.75 to 1 inch (1.9-2.5 cm) in length. Larva vary in color from light brown to pinkish gray and have conspicuous small, round, brown spots on each segment along the body. As they grow they reach between 2 and 20 mm. The larva feed on the corn whorl and burrow into the stalk and ear. They have high mortality directly after emergence, but as soon as a feeding site is established, they have better survival rates. Total development before pupation lasts 50 days on average.

Answer: 0.75 to 1 inch