title: Schlumbergera content: and take root, thus enabling plants to propagate vegetatively. "Schlumbergera truncata" was in cultivation in Europe by 1818, and "S. russelliana" was introduced in 1839. The two species were deliberately crossed in England by W. Buckley resulting in the hybrid now called "S." × "buckleyi", first recorded in 1852. By the 1860s, a substantial number of cultivars (cultivated varieties) were available in a range of colours and habits, and were used as ornamental plants in "stoves" (heated greenhouses) and in houses, where they were popular for their autumn and winter flowering. Many cultivars were selected seedlings of "S. truncata", but


title: Schlumbergera content: at least three "S." × "buckleyi" hybrids were available, of which one, now called "S." 'Buckleyi', is thought to be the original Christmas cactus. By the early part of the 20th century, the genus had become less popular, and many of the early cultivars were lost. From around the 1950s onwards, breeding resumed in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. New plants were produced by crossing among the species and existing cultivars of "S. truncata", "S. russelliana" and the hybrid "S." × "buckleyi". Treatments which induced mutations were also used. The result was a wide range of flower colours


title: Schlumbergera content: which had not been available before, including the first true yellow to be sold commercially, "S." 'Gold Charm' (which was a sterile triploid). Breeders aimed for plants which grew strongly, were upright at the point of sale rather than pendulous, had many flowers or buds, and were adapted to living as house plants. In the 1980s the species "S. orssichiana" was also used in crosses. The hybrid of "S. truncata" and "S. orssichiana" has been named "S." × "reginae" or "S." Reginae Group; one of the first cultivars was "S." 'Bristol Queen'. "S. opuntioides" crosses have also been made, but


title: Schlumbergera content: have not resulted in commercially available cultivars. McMillan and Horobin have listed hundreds of modern European, North American and Australian cultivars, which they put into a number of cultivar groups: Attempts have also been made to classify cultivars by colour. A difficulty is that the flowers of many cultivars exhibit different colours depending on the temperature during bud formation and growth. In particular, temperatures below produce pink tones in otherwise white and yellow cultivars, and deepen the colour in pink and red cultivars. The availability of iron to the plant has also been suggested to affect flower colour. In the


title: Schlumbergera content: United States, cultivars are propagated in large numbers for sale before Thanksgiving Day (the fourth Thursday in November). In Europe, plants are mainly sold later in the year, in the period before Christmas. A single Dutch grower (de Vries of Aalsmeer, the Netherlands) was reported in 1989 as producing 2,000,000 plants per year. Plants are offered for sale under a variety of common names. The earliest English common name was "Christmas cactus". In Europe, where plants are largely produced for sale in the period before Christmas, this remains the most widely used common name in many languages for cultivars of


title: Schlumbergera content: all groups (e.g. in German, in French, and in Spanish). This is also the name used in Canada. In the United States, where plants are produced for the Thanksgiving holiday in November, the name "Thanksgiving cactus" is used; "Christmas cactus" may then be restricted to cultivars of the Buckleyi Group, particularly the very old cultivars such as 'Buckleyi'. The name "crab cactus" (referring to the clawed ends of the stems) is also used for the Truncata Group. "Link cactus" is another common name, describing the way that the stems of the genus as a whole are made up of linked


title: Schlumbergera content: segments. The name "chain cactus" is common in New Zealand, and may also refer to "Hatiora" species. The Easter cactus or Whitsun cactus is now placed in the genus "Hatiora", but was at one time included in "Schlumbergera" (or one of its synonyms). The name "holiday cactus" has been used to include both "Schlumbergera" and "Hatiora" cultivars. When grown as house plants, "Schlumbergera" cultivars are said to be relatively easy to care for. McMillan and Horobin describe in detail their cultivation in both commercial and domestic conditions. Their specific recommendations include: In cultivation, these plants have been described as "remarkably


title: Schlumbergera content: free from pests and diseases". Two significant insect pests are aphids on young shoots, buds and flowers, and root mealybugs which attack below soil level. Stems and roots can be rotted by diseases caused by fungi and similar organisms; these include infections by species of "Fusarium" (a fungus), and "Phytophthora" and "Pythium" (both water moulds). Approved chemical treatments can be used in the case of insect attack or these diseases. Aphids, mealybugs and other invertebrate pests can spread viruses. Symptoms vary with the species, but a loss of vigour is usual. Cactus virus X has been isolated from "S. truncata".


title: Schlumbergera content: There is no treatment for virus diseases; it is recommended that infected plants be destroyed. Schlumbergera Schlumbergera is a small genus of cacti with 6-9 species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. Plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite different in appearance from their desert-dwelling cousins. Most species of "Schlumbergera" have stems which resemble leaf-like pads joined one to the other and flowers which appear from areoles at the joints and tips of the stems. Two species have cylindrical stems more similar to other cacti. Recent


title: "Joachim Johansson" content: Joachim Johansson Joachim Johansson (born 1 July 1982) is a former professional male tennis player from Sweden. He reached the semifinals of the 2004 US Open, won 3 singles titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 9 in February 2005. Johansson was born in Lund and currently lives in Södertälje, Sweden. His father, Leif Johansson, was also a tennis player and represented Sweden in the Davis Cup in the 1970s. He goes by the nickname "Pim Pim", which he has been called since he was a newborn. His elder brother pronounced Joachim as "Joapim" which later became


title: Guarantee content: suretyship by act of the parties, or in certain cases by the death of the surety, may also operate to discharge the surety. The death of a surety does not per se determine the guarantee, but, save where from its nature the guarantee is irrevocable by the surety himself, it can be revoked by express notice after his death, or by the creditor becoming receiving constructive notice of the death; except where, under the testator's will, the executor has the option of continuing the guarantee, in which case the executor should specifically withdraw the guarantee in order to terminate it.


title: "Beauty salon" content: treatment of the feet, incorporating the toenails and the softening or removal of calluses. Beauty salons have proven to be a recession-proof industry across United States. Although sales had declined from 2008 highs due to the Great Recession, they remain robust with long term positive forecast. Even though during recessions, consumers tend to be more price conscious, spending continues to go increase. With rising per capita incomes across the United States since 2015, beauty salons are booming with the industry generating $56.2 billion in the United States. Hair care is the largest segment with 86,000 locations. Skin care is expected


title: "Exclusionary rule" content: cases in the state of California. By 1960, 22 states had adopted the rule without substantial qualifications: California, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Washington, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. Michigan also had an exclusionary rule, but with limitations for some narcotics and firearms evidence. In Alabama, Maryland, and South Dakota, the exclusionary rule applied in some situations. It was not until "Mapp v. Ohio" in 1961 that the exclusionary rule was also held to be binding on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees due process. Up until


title: "Lying in state" content: leader Kim Jong-il was displayed in a glass coffin surrounded with red flowers at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in Pyongyang prior to his funeral, which began and ended at the palace. An honor guard armed with AK-47s was present. Jong-il's father Kim Il-sung, the founding president, is on display elsewhere in the palace. In Russia, during the time of the Soviet Union (1917–1991), the state funerals of the most senior political and military leaders, such as Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko all followed the same basic outline. They took place in Moscow, beginning with


title: Ikhwan content: Ikhwan The Ikhwan (, (The) Brethren), also Akhwan, was the first Saudi army made up of traditionally nomadic tribesmen which formed a significant military force of the ruler Ibn Saud and played an important role in establishing him as ruler of most of the Arabian Peninsula in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Ikhwan later became the Saudi Arabian National Guard. The Ikhwan first appeared around 1902. They were the product of clergy who aimed to break up the Bedouin tribes and settle them around the wells and oases of the sedentary Arab populations, mainly those of the Najd, on


title: "Maligne Lake" content: Maligne Lake Maligne Lake ( ) is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. It is famed for the colour of its water, the surrounding peaks, the three glaciers visible from the lake and Spirit Island, a frequently photographed islet. The lake is located south of Jasper town, and is accessible by motor vehicle, including shuttle buses from Jasper. Boat tours run to Spirit Island in the spring to autumn season. The 44 km Skyline Trail, Jasper's most popular, highest and above treeline, multi-day hike, begins at Maligne Lake and finishes near the town of Jasper. Other popular day


title: "Maligne Lake" content: hikes include the Opal Hills and Bald Hills loops. Winter activities include cross-country skiing. Maligne Lake is approximately long and is at its deepest point, in the south end of the lake. It averages in depth. It sits at approximately asl. Easily visible from the Maligne Lake Day Lodge are Leah and Samson Peaks and Mount Paul to the east, and Mounts Charlton, Unwin, Mary Vaux and Llysfran Peak to the south and west. The Charlton-Unwin, Maligne, and Coronet glaciers are visible from the lake, which boasts a self-sustaining population of introduced rainbow trout and brook trout. It is a


title: "Maligne Lake" content: popular spot for sport fishing, kayaking and canoeing. Parks Canada maintains three camping sites, accessible only by canoe, at Hidden Cove, Fisherman's Bay and Coronet Creek. Maligne Lake is fed and drained by the Maligne River, which enters the lake on its south side, near Mount Unwin and drains the lake to the north. Maligne Lake, as well as Maligne River, Maligne Mountain, and Maligne Pass, takes its name from the French word for malignant or wicked. The name was used by Father Pierre-Jean De Smet (1801–1873) to describe the turbulent river that flows from the lake (in the spring),


title: "Maligne Lake" content: and soon spread to the lake, canyon, pass, mountain and range. It is also possible that early French traders applied the name to the river for its treacherous confluence with the Athabasca River. The lake was well known to First Nations of the area, including Samson Beaver, who knew it as Chaba Imne (Beaver Lake). He drew the first map of the lake and the route to it for Mary Schäffer in 1907. Schäffer was an explorer and artist of the Rocky Mountains area who, being the first non-native to visit Chabna Imne, was accredited with the discovery; which she


title: "Maligne Lake" content: attached the name Maligne Lake. The first European to actually see the lake was Henry McLeod, scouting routes for the CPR in 1875. When he sighted it, he was high in the mountain range and did not actually go into the lake area or identify the route to the lake. June 8, 1908, with the help of Samson Beaver's map, Schäffer , her travelling companion Mary (Mollie) Adams and the guides Billy Warren and Sid Unwin, set out from Lake Louise to reach the lake. When they arrived at the lake, they explored it with the means of a raft,


title: "Maligne Lake" content: nicknamed HMS "Chaba". At the request of the Canadian government, Schäffer returned in 1911 to survey the lake in more detail. She also named several of the mountains and peaks. Mary Schaeffer's books of the area attracted tourists from all over the United States. Maligne Lake is the location of two Alberta registered historic buildings, the Maligne Lake Chalet and accompanying guest house, washhouse, and cache, all built in 1927 by Colonel Fred Brewster as a part of his "Rocky Mountain Camps". For a time, the Maligne Lake Chalet was the largest, most luxurious accommodation in Jasper National Park. The


title: "Maligne Lake" content: other historic building is the boathouse, built by Donald "Curly" Phillips in 1928 to accommodate his wilderness guiding and fishing business. In the same year, he finished construction of the first Maligne Lake tour boat, "Leah "(named for Leah Samson, wife of Samson Beaver). Philips resided in his boathouse until his death in an avalanche (1936, aged 52). The historic buildings are maintained by Maligne Lake Tours, a company that dates back to Brewster's and Philips' early entrepreneurial endeavours. Curly Philips is credited with stocking Maligne Lake with brook trout, packed overland in barrels. Then in the 1970 Parks Canada


title: "Maligne Lake" content: decided to introduce rainbow trout to make sport fishing in the lake more difficult. The largest rainbow trout in Alberta was subsequently caught in this lake () by means of sportfishing. The record fish was mounted and is currently owned by Currie's Guiding and Tackle, Jasper. Jasper National Park staff later introduced brook trout. The third largest brook trout in the world was also sportfished from this lake and is owned by David Robson of Hinton, Alberta. Wildlife is surprisingly abundant along this high altitude oligotrophic lake. Grizzly bear, black bear, mule deer, caribou, wolves, moose, and mountain sheep are


title: "Maligne Lake" content: some of the larger mammals that frequent the lake area during the summer season. Bald eagles, golden eagles and osprey also frequent the area and live off the fish populations. Maligne Lake is the largest lake in Jasper National Park. The valley in which the lake lies was carved and excavated by valley glaciers, and the lake has been dammed at its northern end by an end moraine deposited by the last glacier, which flowed down the valley towards the Athabasca River. The glacial deposits and landforms forming the end moraine are excellent examples of glacial deposition. The highest peak


title: "Maligne Lake" content: in the area is Mount Brazeau (), which stands southeast of Maligne Lake at the head of the Brazeau Icefield. It is barely visible behind the towering massif of Monkhead (). In general, the highest mountains are at the south end of the lake and are composed of strata that were deposited between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. Northward from the high peaks at the south end of the lake, the valley sides are different in form and composition. The east side of the valley is made of steeply dipping limestone beds of Devonian to Mississippian age that form the


title: "Maligne Lake" content: spectacular range of sawtooth mountains called the Colin Range, which is part of the Queen Elizabeth Ranges. On the west side of the valley, and in sharp contrast to the east side, is the Maligne Range composed of Cambrian and Precambrian quartzite and shales. These mountains owe their more subdued outline to the glaciers, which moved over them and rounded them to their present form. The Maligne River, arising at Maligne Pass (), flows into the northern part of Maligne Lake. At the northern end of the lake, the river flows out of the lake in a narrow channel to


title: "Maligne Lake" content: Medicine Lake. There is no visible northern outlet from Medicine Lake because the Maligne River flows underground (except during flood) for before reappearing in its remarkable canyon, which is about in depth. The water flowing in the riverbed between Medicine Lake and Maligne Canyon is derived from the adjacent mountainsides. Not only is the Maligne Valley a U-shaped valley, but it is also a hanging tributary valley as a result of deepening or widening of the Athabasca Valley by glacial erosion at a faster rate than the tributary Maligne Valley. This process leaves the tributary at its junction with the


title: "Maligne Lake" content: main valley hanging above the main valley. Maligne Lake Maligne Lake ( ) is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. It is famed for the colour of its water, the surrounding peaks, the three glaciers visible from the lake and Spirit Island, a frequently photographed islet. The lake is located south of Jasper town, and is accessible by motor vehicle, including shuttle buses from Jasper. Boat tours run to Spirit Island in the spring to autumn season. The 44 km Skyline Trail, Jasper's most popular, highest and above treeline, multi-day hike, begins at Maligne Lake and finishes near


title: "Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions" content: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Labor peace was the public purpose of the Philadelphia meeting. But Gompers and the meeting convenors planned to use the meeting to swing union support toward an entirely new labor federation. Gompers believed that the Knights were threatening the very existence of craft unionism, and their radical attitudes were likely to bring the wrath of governmental authority down on the labor movement in the wake of the Haymarket Riot. Twenty delegates representing more than 365,000 workers met in Philadelphia. The delegates proposed that the Knights 'agree that they would not initiate into the Order any trade union member


title: "McCord Museum" content: McCord Museum The McCord Museum (French: Musée McCord) is a public research and teaching museum dedicated to the preservation, study, diffusion, and appreciation of Canadian history. The museum, whose full name is McCord Museum of Canadian History, is located next to McGill University, in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. On October 13, 1921, the McCord National Museum, as it was then called, moved to the former McGill Union building, designed by Percy Erskine Nobbs in the Arts and Crafts tradition. The collection was based on the McCord family collection. Since 1878, David Ross McCord had been adding to the already considerable


title: "McCord Museum" content: collection assembled by his family since their arrival in Canada. Over the years, he developed the plan of founding a national history museum in Montreal, at that time Canada's metropolis. The building that now houses the museum was administered by McGill University for over sixty years, when it was the seat of the student government. After riots targeted at SSMU led to the building's storming and several executives being taken hostage, McGill University set out to build a more secure building, University Center, the current seat of SSMU. Leading members of the community lent their support to the museum over


title: "McCord Museum" content: the years. Today, the McCord Museum is supported by the governments of Canada, Quebec and Montreal, and by a large network of members, donors and sponsors. The museum was founded in 1921 by David Ross McCord, based on his own family collection of objects. Since then, the museum's holdings have increased substantially. This collection of 15,800 objects documents many aspects of the ways of life, arts, cultures and traditions of the Aboriginal people of Canada. It also includes a number of objects from communities living in Alaska and the northern United States. In this collection, there are more than 7,300


title: "McCord Museum" content: historical aboriginal objects, dating from the early 1800s to 1945 (clothing, accessories, headgear, domestic tools, baskets, hunting weaponry, etc.) and more than 8,500 archaeological objects dating from about 10,000 years ago to the 16th century (stone tools, potsherds). This collection of 18,845 objects consists of women’s dresses, parasols, hats, fans and footwear, many created by some of Montreal’s greatest 20th century designers. The menswear in the collection includes suits, coats and accessories. There is also an important selection of embroidered samplers, quilts and other textiles, including North America's oldest known patchwork quilt (1726). This collection includes 1,300,000 photographs and various


title: "McCord Museum" content: items of early photographic equipment and accessories. It provides a visual history of Montreal, Quebec and Canada from the 1840s to the present. The collection contains the William Notman & Son Photographic Studio fond constituting more than 600,000 photographic images (including 200,000 glass negatives) dating mostly from 1840 to 1935. The collection also includes approximately 700,000 images taken by other photographers. This collection of 69,000 iconographical pieces illustrates the personalities, places and events that made the history of Montreal, Quebec and Canada, from the 18th to the 21st centuries. It includes paintings (oils, acrylics and watercolours, mostly from the 19th


title: "McCord Museum" content: century), miniatures, silhouettes, prints (maps, plans, portraits, mostly from 1751 to 1900) and caricatures from the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries (John Collins, Serge Chapleau and Terry Mosher alias Aislin). The 38,900 objects included in this collection documents the material environment within which Montrealers, Quebeckers and Canadians lived in past centuries. This collection consists of furniture, glassware, ceramics, ironware, sculpture, hunting equipment, sports equipment, items of folk art and a major collection of 19th century toys. This collection, which total 262 running meters, includes manuscripts, correspondence, personal journals and other documents showing the history of Canada from the 18th century


title: "McCord Museum" content: to the present. The documents come from families (the Dessaulles, McCord, Armstrong-Deligny-Philips and Bacon families); from well-known individuals (Sir George-Étienne Cartier, Maurice-Régis Blondeau, Hélène Baillargeon Côté); from companies and associations (Women's Art Society of Montreal, Victoria Rifles of Canada, Gibb & Co.); and from collections (New France, British Empire, Concert and Theatre Programs, Valentines). The museum's exterior features the sculpture "Totem urbain / histoire en dentelle", an allegorical representation of Montreal history, by Pierre Granche. The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada. McCord Museum The McCord Museum (French: Musée McCord) is a public research and


title: "Jan Hooks" content: a female robot named Angleyne). She appeared in "Pee-wee's Big Adventure" as a know-it-all tour guide at the Alamo and made a cameo appearance in the 1992 movie "Batman Returns" as Jen, the Penguin's image consultant during his campaign to become Mayor of Gotham City. She made two appearances on "30 Rock" in 2010 playing Jenna Maroney's mother, Verna, which ultimately were the last live-action spots she ever did. She guest starred in a 2013 episode of "The Cleveland Show" called "Mr. and Mrs. Brown", which was her final acting job. Hooks died on October 9, 2014, at her home


title: "Great kiskadee" content: Great kiskadee The great kiskadee ("Pitangus sulphuratus") is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is the only member of the genus Pitangus. It breeds in open woodland with some tall trees, including cultivation and around human habitation, mainly found in Belize, and from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas and northern Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay, but also it occurs all over Venezuela and Brazil (especially the central and south-southeastern regions), Paraguay and central Argentina, the Guyana coastline, and on Trinidad. It was introduced to Bermuda in 1957, and to Tobago in about


title: "Great kiskadee" content: 1970. The great kiskadee was described and illustrated in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in the "Historia Naturalis Brasiliae". He used the name "Pitangua-guacu", the word for a large flycatcher in the Tupi language. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the species in his "Ornithologie" based on a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He used the French name "La Pie-Griesche jaune de Cayenne" and the Latin name "Lanius Cayanensis Luteus". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission


title: "Great kiskadee" content: on Zoological Nomenclature. When the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his "Systema Naturae" for the twelfth edition in 1766 he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson in his "Ornithologie". One of these was the great kiskadee. Linnaeus included a terse description, coined the binomial name "Lanius sulphuratus" and cited Brisson's work. The specific name "sulphuratus" is Latin for "sulphur". The word had been used by Brisson in describing the yellow colour of the underparts of the bird. The genus "Pitangus" was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827. The great kiskadee is now the


title: "Great kiskadee" content: only member of the genus. The lesser kiskadee was at one time also placed in "Pitangus" but in 1984 the American ornithologist Wesley Edwin Lanyon moved the lesser kiskadee to its own monotypic genus "Philohydor". This has been accepted by some ornithologists, but not all. There are 10 subspecies: The adult great kiskadee is one of the largest of the tyrant flycatchers. It is in length and weighs . The head is black with a strong white supercilium and a concealed yellow crown stripe. The upperparts are brown, and the wings and tail are brown with usually strong rufous fringes.


title: "Great kiskadee" content: The bill is short, thick, and black in color. The similar boat-billed flycatcher ("Megarynchus pitangua") has a more massive black bill, an olive-brown back and very little rufous in the tail and wings. A few other tyrant flycatchers — the social flycatcher ("Myiozetetes similis"), for example — share a similar color pattern, but these species are markedly smaller. The call is an exuberant "BEE-tee-WEE", and the bird has an onomatopoeic name in different languages and countries: In Brazil its popular name is "bem-te-vi" ("I saw you well") and in Spanish-speaking countries it is often "bien-te-veo" ("I see you well") and


title: "Great kiskadee" content: sometimes shortened to "benteveo". The great kiskadee occupies a wide range of habitats, from open grassland with scattered trees to urban areas. Its range extends from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas south through Central America to southern Argentina. It does not occur in Chile. The great kiskadee was introduced to Bermuda in 1957. Two hundred birds were imported from Trinidad in an attempt to control the number of lizards, especially the tree lizard ("Anolis grahami") which had itself been introduced. The birds bred successfully and by 1976 the population on the island had expanded to around 60,000.


title: "Great kiskadee" content: The great kiskadee is omnivorous and has failed to control the number of lizards. The great kiskadee is a common, noisy and conspicuous bird. It is almost omnivorous, and hunts like a shrike or flycatcher, waiting on an open perch high in a tree to sally out to catch insects in flight, or to pounce upon rodents and similar small vertebrates. It will also take prey and some fruit from vegetation by gleaning and jumping for it or ripping it off in mid-hover, and occasionally dives for fish or tadpoles in shallow water, making it one of the few fishing


title: "Great kiskadee" content: passerines. They like to hunt on their own or in pairs, and though they might be expected to make good use of prey flushed by but too large for the smaller birds of the understory, they do not seem to join mixed-species feeding flocks very often. When they do, they hunt in the familiar manner. Such opportunistic feeding behavior makes it one of the commonest birds in urban areas around Latin America; its flashy belly and its shrill call make it one of the most conspicuous. Great kiskadees are monogamous and defend a territory. Both sexes build the large domed


title: "Great kiskadee" content: nest that has a side entrance. It is chiefly composed of grasses and small twigs but can also incorporate lichen, string and plastic. The birds will steal material from other nests. The nest is placed in a wide range of sites, often in an exposed position high up in a tree or on man-made structures. Occasionally the nest is placed in a cavity. The clutch is 3 to 4 eggs. These are moderately glossy, light yellowish cream in colour with purplish black and purplish brown spots. The average size is . Only the female incubates the eggs; the male guards


title: "Great kiskadee" content: the nest while she leaves the nest to feed. The eggs hatch after 16–17 days. The chicks are fed by both parents and fledge after 17–18 days. This alert and aggressive bird has a strong and maneuverable flight, which it uses to good effect when it feels annoyed by raptors. Even much larger birds are attacked by the great kiskadee, usually by diving down or zooming straight at them while they are in mid-air. Harsh calls are also often given during these attacks, alerting all potential prey in the area of the predator's presence. If not very hungry, any raptor


title: "Great kiskadee" content: subject to a great kiskadee's mobbing behavior is likely to leave, as it is well-nigh impossible to make a good catch when subject to the tyrant flycatcher's unwelcome attention. In general, avian predators are liable to steer clear of an alert great kiskadee, lest their hunting success be spoiled, and will hunt the great kiskadee itself – though it is as meaty as a fat thrush – only opportunistically. To mammalian and squamate predators that can sneak up to nesting or sleeping birds, it is more vulnerable however. Even omnivorous mammals as small as the common marmoset ("Callithrix jacchus") will


title: "Great kiskadee" content: try to plunder great kiskadee nests – at least during the dry season when fruits are scarce – despite the birds' attempts to defend their offspring. One of two birds studied in the Parque Nacional de La Macarena of Colombia was parasitized by microfilariae. Not being appreciated as a songbird, the great kiskadee is not usually kept caged and therefore has escaped the depredations of poaching for the pet trade. Also, its feeding mostly on live prey makes it extremely difficult to keep in captivity. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN. Great kiskadee The great kiskadee ("Pitangus sulphuratus")


title: "Iron Rhine" content: its tracks are in regular use. of the route is double tracked and is electrified. However, the 16.5 kilometers (Roermond-Dalheim) are not operational and a further (Budel-Weert) are used only rarely. meters of track in Dalheim, on the German side is fully overgrown. On the German section Mönchengladbach-Dalheim RegionalBahn trains run alongside freight trains, long distance travel no longer takes place on the German section. On the Belgian and Dutch side of the track the route is used extensively by InterCity - Interregio -, local and freight trains. The Schwalm-Nette-Bahn (RB 34) traverses the line between Mönchengladbach Hbf and Dalheim,


title: "Dynamo Dresden" content: in 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, as well as finishing as vice-champions four times. The team also took the East German Cup (FDGB Pokal) in 1971 and 1977. As one of the leading clubs in East Germany, Dynamo Dresden provided 36 DDR internationals, including the country's second most-capped player, Hans-Jürgen Dörner, and its joint second top scorer, Hans-Jürgen Kreische. Twelve Dynamo players won Olympic medals, including six gold medallists in 1976. After German reunification a number of Dynamo players went on to represent the Germany national team, including Jens Jeremies, Ulf Kirsten, Olaf Marschall and Alexander Zickler. Five Dynamo Dresden


title: "Tony Vincent" content: true voice dynamic. Vincent ended up in the Sing-Off of the Last Chance Performances, singing Eurythmics' "Sweet Dreams", but was eliminated from the competition. Vincent met his wife, Aspen Miller, when they played co-lead roles in "We Will Rock You" (Las Vegas) in 2004. They married on January 5, 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Aspen gave birth to their first child, Sadie Day on April 3, 2012. Tony Vincent Tony Vincent (born Anthony Peter Strascina, July 25, 1973) is an American actor, producer singer and songwriter based out of New York City, New York. He took the stage name Tony


title: "Bull Island" content: the EU Birds Directive and a Special Area of Conservation under the EU Habitats Directive. It is also a National Special Amenity Area since 1995, one of 3 in the Republic of Ireland. This recognises both its outstanding beauty and nature conservation values. Bird species on the island include pale-bellied brent geese, Eurasian curlews, Eurasian oystercatchers, grey plovers, northern shovellers, little egrets, reed buntings and little terns. There are six terrestrial mammal species on the island: brown rats, red foxes, field mice, Irish hares, hedgehogs and European rabbits. The hare has been in decline for many years and is now


title: "J. Johnston Pettigrew" content: died three days later at Edgewood Manor plantation near Bunker Hill, West Virginia. His brigade, which lost an estimated 56% casualties, had been ruined as an effective combat organization. The loss of Pettigrew emotionally devastated his family and there was an official day of mourning held for him in North Carolina. His death also affected Lee who remarked, "The army has lost a brave soldier and the Confederacy an accomplished officer." General Pettigrew's body was returned to North Carolina and interred at his family estate, "Bonarva," which is now part of Pettigrew State Park in Washington and Tyrrell Counties. General


title: "The Cadillacs" content: he left shortly thereafter, creating a new group, Speedo and the Pearls, which recorded briefly in 1959. In 1959, the Cadillacs were also featured in the movie "Go Johnny, Go". The group split and re-formed in 1960, with Carroll, Martinez, Kirk Davis, and bass Ronnie Bright. Later the group was Carroll, Martinez, the returning Bobby Spencer, Milton Love, and Reggie Barnes. Martinez, Love and Barnes were all members of The Solitares at one time. In 1961, the group began to resemble The Coasters in their music. The lineup shifted again, now with Carroll, Martinez, Curtis Williams, Ray Brewster, and Irving


title: "Quest for Ratings" content: as head anchors, Butters is the entertainment and celebrity reporter, Stan is a field reporter, Token is the meteorologist, and Kyle does sports. However, after their news program airs, their teacher Mr. Meryl tells them that they did horribly in the ratings, trailing far behind Craig's home video show, "Animals Close-Up With a Wide-Angle Lens", which they consider pointless and banal. (The footage is accompanied by the tune "Yakety Sax".) The news team then pledges to make a program that will be a ratings booster and gain the attention of all students. They rename the show "Sexy Action School News"


title: "Premature convergence" content: Premature convergence In genetic algorithms, the term of premature convergence means that a population for an optimization problem converged too early, resulting in being suboptimal. In this context, the parental solutions, through the aid of genetic operators, are not able to generate offspring that are superior to, or outperform, their parents. Premature convergence is a common problem found in genetic algorithms, as it leads to a loss, or convergence of, a large number of alleles, subsequently making it very difficult to search for a specific gene in which the alleles were present. An allele is considered lost if in a


title: WOXY.com content: finality of the suspension of broadcasting, including the songs "Mourning Air" by Portishead, "Acquiesce" by Oasis, "Fight the Power", by Public Enemy, and the final track, MC5's song "Kick Out the Jams". On September 19, 2006, Silicon Valley entrepreneur Bill Nguyen expressed interest in purchasing the station and resuming online broadcasting. A fan of modern rock, Nguyen was contacted by a station listener through his music trading website Lala. In an unusual approach, Nguyen not only met with staff members and the station's current anonymous owners/investors, but also used the station's message boards to get feedback from listeners before formally


title: "Column inch" content: (inch height) ad," replacing the words in parentheses () with a single figure. This can be confusing because it refers to two distinct measurements as if they were measured with the same unit. Normally one would think a 3 by 6 advertisement would be 3 inches wide by 6 inches high — but in reality it's actually about 5.5 inches wide by 6 inches high. In writing, an "×" is usually used to separate the two figures. Whether written or spoken, most, if not all, newspaper professionals understand the first figure is the column width and the second figure is


title: Layap content: Thorthormi, a glacial lake prone to GLOF flooding. Flooding is a particularly serious threat to the Layap way of life, heavily dependent on livestock and sparse water resources. Until the 1980s, the Layap lived in near-complete isolation from the world, except for occasional visits to Thimphu or Punakha, which was a five-day walk. Since the new millennium, Laya has been visited by tourists from all over the world. One can see beautifully painted houses fitted with solar panels, and the construction of new schools for the impoverished children. Most villagers are now able to abandon the village in the winter


title: "Jonathan Davies (rugby, born 1962)" content: as a , Davies kicked 3 goals for Wales taking his total score for Wales to 21 points (10 goals, 1 field goal), all scored in the 1995 World Cup. After the birth of daughter Geena in 1995, Davies' wife Karen was diagnosed with cancer. In need of family support, and as rugby union had turned professional, Davies went back to South Wales and signed to play for Cardiff RFC. On a guest appearance on "A Question of Sport" in 1995 he was asked what the biggest change was after returning to rugby union. Davies replied: "It's the first time


title: "Military brat (U.S. subculture)" content: military culture on those bases, the absence of a parent due to deployments, the threat of parental loss in war, stresses associated with the psychological aftermath of war (living with war-affected returning veteran parents) and the militarization of the family unit (children being treated to some degree like soldiers and being subjected to military regimentation, inculcation into a warrior code of honor and service, frequent exposure to patriotic ideas and symbols, experience of free medical care, and military discipline). Military brats receives Tricare until they reach the age of 23 or age 25 (If Tricare Young Adult is purchased). While


title: "Rokkō Island" content: Hanshin Expressway Route 5 Wangan Route heads to Osaka. Limousine buses depart from the Kobe Bay Sheraton Hotel to Kansai Airport or to Universal Studios Japan. Ferry boats (Hankyu Ferry and Ferry Sunflower) leave the island every day for Kyushu and Shikoku. The major business on the island is related to the Kobe-Osaka International Port Corporation which operated both port container terminals, port liner berths and port ferry terminals. Several manufacturing companies also operate on the island including the chocolatier, Morozoff Ltd. The Asia One Center used to house the P&G Japan Head Office. Rokkō Island also features businesses catering


title: Betamethasone content: increased risk of infection, muscle weakness, severe allergic reactions, and psychosis. Long-term use may cause adrenal insufficiency. Stopping the medication suddenly following long-term use may be dangerous. The cream commonly results in increased hair growth and skin irritation. Betamethasone belongs to the glucocorticoid class of medication. Betamethasone was approved for medical use in the United States in 1961. The cream is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. In the United States the pills and injectable solution are expensive while


title: "Tel Arad" content: Tel Arad Tel Arad () is an archaeological tel, or mound, located west of the Dead Sea, about west of the modern Israeli city of Arad in an area surrounded by mountain ridges which is known as the Arad Plain. The site is divided into a lower city and an upper hill which holds the only ever discovered "House of Yahweh" in the land of Israel. Tel Arad was excavated during 18 seasons by Ruth Amiran and Yohanan Aharoni. The lower area was first settled during the Chalcolithic period, around 4000 BCE. Excavations at the site have unearthed an extensive


title: "Tel Arad" content: Bronze Age Canaanite settlement which was in place until approximately 2650 BCE. The site was then apparently deserted for over 1500 years until resettled during the Israelite period from the 11th century BCE onwards, initially as an unwalled piece of land cut off as an official or sacred domain was established on the upper hill, and then later as a garrison-town known as "The Citadel". The citadel and sanctuary were constructed at the time of King David and Solomon. Artifacts found within the sanctuary of the citadel mostly reflect offerings of oil, wine, wheat, etc. brought there by numerous people


title: "Tel Arad" content: throughout the reign of the kings of Judah until the kingdom's fall to the Babylonians. However, during the Persian, Maccabean, Roman, and early Muslim eras, locals continued to transport these items to the sacred precinct of the upper hill. Markers of these ancient Israelite rituals remain to this day, with broken pottery littering the entire site. Under the Judaean kings, the citadel was periodically refortified, remodeled and rebuilt, until ultimately it was destroyed between 597 BCE and 577 BCE whilst Jerusalem was under siege by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. Among the most significant artifacts unearthed at Tel Arad are 91


title: "Tel Arad" content: ostraca in paleo-Hebrew referring to the citadel as the House of Yahweh. They are mostly orders to the quartermaster, commands and lists of names. The Eliyashiv Ostraca, all found in the same room, are addressed to a person named Eliyashiv, ordering him to deliver a specific quantity of wine, flour, etc. It is believed that several citadels were built one upon the other and existed in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Herod even reconstructed the lower city for the purpose of making bread. The site lasted until the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and completely expelled the "circumcised" in 135 AD. Tel


title: "Tel Arad" content: Arad lay in ruins for 500 years until the Islamic period, when the former Roman citadel was rebuilt and remodeled by some prosperous clan in the area and functioned for 200 years until around 861 AD when there was a breakdown of central authority and a period of widespread rebellion and unrest. The citadel was destroyed and no more structures were built on the site. The temple at Arad was uncovered by archaeologist Yohanan Aharoni in 1962 who spent the rest of his life considering its mysteries, dying there in the mid-1970s. In the holy of holies of this temple


title: "Tel Arad" content: two incense altars and a "standing stone" were found, probably having been dedicated to Yahweh. An inscription was found on the site by Aharoni mentioning a "House of Yahweh", which William G. Dever suggests may have referred to the temple at Arad or the temple at Jerusalem. The lower settlement and the upper Israelite citadel are now part of the Tel Arad National Park which have begun projects to restore the walls of the upper and lower sites. Tel Arad Tel Arad () is an archaeological tel, or mound, located west of the Dead Sea, about west of the modern


title: "Bannockburn, Victoria" content: 1862. The local railway station was originally called Leigh Road but the name was changed to Bannockburn in 1904. Today, only grain and freight trains use the line. The township grew around the station and a Post Office, called Leigh Road Railway Station, opened on 18 May 1863. It was renamed Leigh Road in 1873, Wabdallah in 1875, and finally Bannockburn in 1892. Bannockburn township contains notable examples of Victorian colonial architecture, such as the former Somerset Hotel (1854), now a private home, and the Bannockburn Railway Station (1863). The former Bannockburn Lock Up in Victor Street (1860) was relocated


title: "Encompass Health" content: the SEC announced it was investigating whether Scrushy's stock sell was related to HealthSouth posting a large loss. HealthSouth hired an outside law firm to review Scrushy's stock sale, with the firm concluding that the sale and profit loss were not related, although this did not take the company off the SEC's radar. On the evening of March 18, 2003 FBI agents executed search warrants at the company's headquarters after the company's Chief Financial Officer William Owens agreed to wear a wire in a failed attempt to get Scrushy to talk about the fraud. In June 2005, Scrushy was acquitted


title: "The Amazing Race 8" content: Amazing Race" spanned , the shortest route of the series. This race placed less emphasis on international travel as numerous legs were contained within the continental United States, and all race locations were inside North America. Panama and Costa Rica were countries included in the race for the first time. Filming took place between July 7 and July 31, 2005. Route markers were colored yellow and white with black lining, similar to the yellow and white route markers of Season one (and in contrast to the yellow and red markers used in all other seasons). As with "The Amazing Race


title: "Laughing falcon" content: Laughing falcon The laughing falcon ("Herpetotheres cachinnans"), also called the snake hawk (erroneously, since it is not a hawk), is a medium-sized bird of prey in the falcon family (Falconidae), the only member of the genus Herpetotheres. This Neotropical species is a specialist snake-eater. Its common and scientific names both refer to its distinctive voice. Its English name comes from its loud voice, as does the specific name "cachinnans", Latin for "laughing aloud" or "laughing immoderately". The generic name "Herpetotheres" refers to its preferred food; it is Latinized Ancient Greek, derived from "[h]erpeton" (ἑρπετόν, "reptile") + "therizein" (θερίζειν, "to mow


title: "Laughing falcon" content: down"). Its relationships with other members of the Falconidae are unclear. Traditionally it has been placed in the subfamily Polyborinae with the caracaras and forest falcons, but the American Ornithologists' Union's North American Check-list Committee now places it in the same subfamily as the true falcons, while the South American Check-list Committee places it with the forest falcons but not the caracaras, and it has also been considered a subfamily of its own. The laughing falcon is long and has a wingspan of . As usual among birds of prey, the females are bigger, weighing compared to the males' .


title: "Laughing falcon" content: Adults have a pale buff head, changeable between a more brownish and an almost white hue according to feather wear and individual variation. The broad black face mask stretches across the neck as a narrow collar, bordered with white. On the crown, the feather shafts are dark, producing a somewhat streaked effect. The upper wings and back are blackish brown. The uppertail coverts are whitish buff again, and the rectrices are barred black and whitish, ending in white. The underside is uniformly pale buff; there may be a bit of dark speckling on the thighs, however. The underside of the


title: "Laughing falcon" content: wing is pale rufous-buff, sometimes with some dark spotting on the underwing coverts. The tips of the primary remiges are barred with pale grey below, their bases are quite rufous. The iris is dark brown, the bill is black with a pale yellow cere; the feet are also pale yellow. Immature birds differ little from adults; they have lighter margins to the back feathers, producing a scalloped effect. The light parts of the plumage are almost white, paler than in adults; the unfeathered parts are also paler. Nestlings are covered in peculiarly dense down, reminiscent of a duckling's; they are


title: "Laughing falcon" content: generally brownish buff, darker above, and already show the blackish facial marks of the adults. With its big white (immature) or pale buff (adult) head having a dark brown mask from the eyes around to the nape, it is unmistakable. In flight it shows a rufous patch near each wingtip (formed by the basal parts of the primaries) and a shape more like an "Accipiter" hawk than most of its falcon relatives, with short, rounded wings and a long tail. The namesake call is a long series of separate, rather human-like cries, each one often rising sharply in pitch in


title: "Laughing falcon" content: the middle and sometimes falling sharply at the very end, changing from a "joyful" to a "sad" sound, and rendered as "ha-ha-ha har-her-her" or "haww harr herrer". The series may be introduced by faster "hahahahahaha" calls suggestive of maniacal laughter, particularly when the bird is startled. Sometimes two birds call together at different pitches and tempos, producing a striking off-beat effect. The laughing falcon has another call, typically given at dusk. This two-note call is preceded by a series of "gwa" notes given every half-second or so. They become more emphatic and after some time change to a sequence of


title: "Laughing falcon" content: the "gwa co" call proper, with the first syllable higher in pitch than the second, but not differing in emphasis or volume. The "gwa co" call may be repeated 50 times or more. Sometimes, the initial calls are a "oo oo-oo cow-cow-cow", sometimes a descending "gwaaaaaaa...". On occasion, the two-syllable call is not given, and instead the simple "gwa" is repeated as often as the full call. The familiarity of these sounds in the American tropics is attested to by such common names as "acauã" (Portuguese), "halcón macagua", "guaco", "halcón guaco", and "guaicurú" (Spanish), and "guaycurú" (Guaraní). It is found


title: "Laughing falcon" content: from both coastal slopes of Mexico through Central and South America south to the Peruvian Amazon and Bolivian Amazon region, practically all of Brazil, and northern Argentina and Paraguay, at altitudes up to (rarely to in Colombia), though it is often absent from mountainous regions. It occupies varied habitats, usually including at least scattered trees; it prefers humid regions to arid ones and tends to avoid closed forest. It is generally not migratory, though in some areas it may make seasonal movements. The flight is slow, with quick, shallow wingbeats interspersed with glides; the bird rarely if ever soars. When


title: "Laughing falcon" content: it lands, it will jerk the tail forcefully just like a wagtail. A laughing falcon frequently and often conspicuously stays on a perch for hours, sitting upright and observing the ground alertly, sometimes flicking its tail or nodding, or moving around a bit on its perch with slow, cautious little steps. It is generally peaceful and unlike other falcons will not harm smaller birds. It catches mainly snakes, including venomous ones such as coral snakes, and also lizards, and, to a lesser extent, small rodents, bats and centipedes. The laughing falcon pounces on its prey from flight, often with an


title: "Laughing falcon" content: audible thud, and then biting it just behind the head, sometimes removing the head in the process. It carries the food to a perch to eat. It may carry small snakes in its bill and swallow them tail-first; big snakes may be carried head-forward in its claws, as an osprey carries a fish, and then torn to pieces. The laughing falcon breeds in rock crevices, tree cavities, or occasionally in abandoned nests of a "Buteo" hawk or caracara; in general however it does not even gather nesting material in significant quantities. It lays one or two eggs according to some


title: "Laughing falcon" content: sources, but according to others always just one. The eggs have heavy dark brown markings on a brown or whitish or pale buff background. The young are thought to leave the nest eight weeks after hatching.The breeding season has been given as April and May, though it may well vary across the large range of this species. The Ch'ol Maya of Chiapas, Mexico, believe that the laughing falcon can kill poisonous snakes because the birds are healers that can cure themselves if they are bitten. Tzotzil healers imitate the call of a laughing falcon in order to cure a snake


title: "Laughing falcon" content: bite. Laughing falcon The laughing falcon ("Herpetotheres cachinnans"), also called the snake hawk (erroneously, since it is not a hawk), is a medium-sized bird of prey in the falcon family (Falconidae), the only member of the genus Herpetotheres. This Neotropical species is a specialist snake-eater. Its common and scientific names both refer to its distinctive voice. Its English name comes from its loud voice, as does the specific name "cachinnans", Latin for "laughing aloud" or "laughing immoderately". The generic name "Herpetotheres" refers to its preferred food; it is Latinized Ancient Greek, derived from "[h]erpeton" (ἑρπετόν, "reptile") + "therizein" (θερίζειν, "to


title: "Cai Xiang" content: written communication of the imperial government. During the Qingli (慶曆) era (1041–1048 CE), he was the Officer of Transportation ("Zhuanyunshi") in Fujian. While acting as a prefect in Fujian, he also was in charge of overseeing the construction of the Wan-an Bridge at Quanzhou. He pioneered the manufacturing of small Dragon Tribute Tea Cake of superlative quality, as it was reputed to be harder to obtain than gold. Cai Xiang's style name was Junmo (君谟), and his posthumous name was Zhonghuei. One of his most famous publications is his essay "The Record of Tea", also known as the "Tea Note",


title: "Dan Cloutier" content: $2 million over the next two years from the Kings. Without an NHL job, Cloutier took up an assistant coaching position in the Central Hockey League (CHL) with his older brother Sylvain Cloutier, who had just been hired as head coach of the Corpus Christi IceRays. After remaining inactive for a season, Cloutier was offered a tryout with the Canucks for the team's 2009 training camp. Soon thereafter, he accepted another tryout offer from the Detroit Red Wings on September 4, 2009, sensing he had a better chance to secure a contract with the latter team. He was expected to


title: "Mons Gruithuisen Gamma" content: Mons Gruithuisen Gamma Mons Gruithuisen Gamma (γ) is a lunar dome that lies to the north of the crater Gruithuisen at the western edge of the Mare Imbrium. It is located at selenographic coordinates 36.6° N, 40.5° W. This massif is shaped as a rounded dome in the surface, occupying a diameter of 20 km and climbing gently to a height of 900 meters. At the crest is a small crater. This formation appears foreshortened when viewed from the Earth, and it has been described by Antonin Rukl as resembling an "upturned bathtub". To the east lies the similar Mons


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: Dicksonia antarctica Dicksonia antarctica (soft tree fern, man fern) is a species of evergreen tree fern native to eastern Australia, ranging from south-east Queensland, coastal New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. These ferns can grow to in height, but more typically grow to about , and consist of an erect rhizome forming a trunk. They are very hairy at the base of the stipe (trunk). The large, dark green, roughly-textured fronds spread in a canopy of in diameter. The shapes of the stems vary as some grow curved and there are multi-headed ones. The fronds are borne in flushes,


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: with fertile and sterile fronds often in alternating layers. The "trunk" of this fern is merely the decaying remains of earlier growth of the plant and forms a medium through which the roots grow. The trunk is usually solitary, without runners, but may produce offsets. They can be cut down and, if they are kept moist, the top portions can be replanted and will form new roots. The stump, however, will not regenerate since it is dead organic matter. In nature, the fibrous trunks are hosts for a range of epiphytic plants including other ferns and mosses. The fern grows


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: at 3.5 to 5 cm per year and produces spores at the age of about 20 years. Reproduction by this species is primarily from spores, but it can also be grown from plantlets occurring around the base of the rhizome. In cultivation, it can also be grown as a "cutting", a method not to be encouraged unless the tree-fern is doomed to die in its present position. This involves sawing the trunk through, usually at ground level, and removing the fronds; the top part will form roots and regrow, but the base will die. The fern grows on damp, sheltered


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: woodland slopes and moist gullies, and they occasionally occur at high altitudes in cloud forests. "Dicksonia antarctica" is the most abundant tree fern in South Eastern Australia. The plant can grow in acid, neutral and alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade. It strongly resents drought or dryness at the roots, and does best in moist soil. "Dicksonia antarctica" grows best in areas of rainfall of over 1,000 mm per year but in lower rainfall areas does well in moist gullies. It is tolerant of fire and re-shoots readily after re-location. It can provide habitat for epiphytes and also provides


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: shelter for more delicate fern species to flourish underneath. Plant in organic soils and heavily and regularly mulched and water. "Dicksonia antarctica" generally requires a minimum rainfall of 500 mm (20 inches) per year. In dry climates, a drip irrigation or spray system applied overhead is the most effective method of watering. It is best to leave old fronds on the plant in order to protect the trunk from cold and desiccation. Winter protection of the trunk is recommended during prolonged or severe cold weather. This plant is particularly suited to garden planting and landscaping purposes. As an ornamental plant,


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: it is hardy to about , succeeding outdoors in the milder areas of Britain where it thrives and often self-sows in Cornish and Scottish west coast gardens. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Large "Dicksonia antarctica" available for sale come from old growth Tasmanian forests, and may be hundreds of years old. The trunks are also available legally from local suppliers who licence collection of minor species from Forestry Tasmania, the State Government GBE who manage forestry. The Soft Tree Fern can be used as a food source, with the pith of the plant being


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: eaten either cooked or raw. It is a good source of starch. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that "The pulp of the top of the trunk is full of starch, and is eaten by the aboriginals [sic.] both raw and roasted. The native blacks [sic.] of the colony used to split open about a foot and a-half of the top of the trunk, and take out the heart, in substance resembling a Swedish turnip, and of the thickness of a man's arm. This they either roasted in the ashes, or ate as bread; but it


title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: is too bitter and astringent to suit an English palate. (Gunn)" Dicksonia antarctica Dicksonia antarctica (soft tree fern, man fern) is a species of evergreen tree fern native to eastern Australia, ranging from south-east Queensland, coastal New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. These ferns can grow to in height, but more typically grow to about , and consist of an erect rhizome forming a trunk. They are very hairy at the base of the stipe (trunk). The large, dark green, roughly-textured fronds spread in a canopy of in diameter. The shapes of the stems vary as some grow curved


title: "Arthur Birch (organic chemist)" content: Arthur Birch (organic chemist) Arthur John Birch, AC CMG FRS FAA (3 August 1915 – 8 December 1995) was an Australian organic chemist. Birch developed the Birch reduction of aromatic rings (by treatment with lithium metal and ammonia) which is widely used in synthetic organic chemistry. The Birch Reduction enables the modification of steroids. In 1948 Birch published the first total synthesis of a male sex hormone (19-nortestosterone), as the first member of a new structural series. This series later comprised the first oral contraceptive pill, which was made by others. The Birch reduction also allows for the development of


title: "Fuyang District" content: are located at Da Puzha, New Transport Station, Maternity Care Hospital, Second Food Market, Guanshan Park, Jiangnan High school, and Fuyang Flim station. The fare for Fuyang's ubiquitous taxis start at 7 yuan. There are two long-distance bus stations in Fuyang, Fuyang New Bus Station () and Fuyang New South Bus Station (). There are frequent buses running between Fuyang and Hangzhou and other nearby cities. The major highway near Fuyang is the Highway 320, which begins in Shanghai and ends in Yunnan. Lushan Street () is the main throughway in Fuyang. Private vehicles traveling along the highways connecting Fuyang


title: "Dart (missile)" content: a "spear thrower". Western culture has been able to borrow a name for this tool from the Aztec, who used it against the invading Spanish, and who called it the "atlatl". In Europe, the atlatl was supplemented by the bow and arrow in the Epipaleolithic. By the Iron Age, the amentum, a strap attached to the shaft, was the standard European mechanism for throwing lighter javelins. The amentum gives not only range, but also spin to the projectile. Archery may be easier to learn and have a faster rate of fire, yet perhaps this system's greatest advantage over the atlatl


title: "Model 500 telephone" content: on long rural loops, which previously required special sets with local batteries to power the transmitter, not just on urban short loops, because it contained a self-adjusting gain control. This also permitted the use of thinner loop wires and thus delivered cost-savings in the build-out of the network. The replacement of 300-series telephones with 500-series sets created large stockpiles of 300-type components that had not reached their intended service life. The accelerating demand for new telephone service in the 1950s created pressure on the manufacturing facilities, which the Bell System alleviated by reusing these older components to refurbish used 302


title: "Elmer Robinson" content: four-year term as mayor in 1951. While Robinson was mayor, he promoted and oversaw numerous development projects, including an expansion of San Francisco International Airport and the construction of new schools, libraries, police stations, parking garages, and the modernization of the San Francisco Municipal Railway. San Francisco, although relatively prosperous in the boom years after World War II, experienced some population loss to outlying suburban areas during Robinson's terms in office. He returned to his law practice and served as president and general manager of Woodlawn Memorial Park. While a resident of San Francisco, Judge Robinson died in Paradise, Butte


title: "Nu Scorpii" content: for the component Nu Scorpii Aa on 30 June 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names. In Chinese astronomy, Nu Scorpii is called 鍵閉, Pinyin: Jiànbì, meaning "Door Bolt", because it is marking itself and standing alone in the "Door Bolt" asterism, Room mansion (see : Chinese constellations). 鍵閉 (Jiànbì), westernized into "Keen Pi", but that name (meaning "the Two Parts of a Lock") was ascribed to the pair Lambda Scorpii (Shaula) and Upsilon Scorpii (Lesath) by R.H. Allen. Nu Scorpii is a septuple star system. It is one of only two known


title: "Rush Medical College" content: and CS must be taken by November 1 of the fourth year, and passing both is required for graduation. Rush Medical College Rush Medical College is the medical school of Rush University, located in the Illinois Medical District, just 2 miles west of the Loop in Chicago. Offering a full-time Doctor of Medicine program, the school was chartered in 1837, and today is affiliated primarily with Rush University Medical Center, nearby John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, and NorthShore University HealthSystem – Skokie Hospital (formerly known as Rush North Shore Medical Center). In 2018, Rush Medical College was


title: "Sabal minor" content: Sabal minor Sabal minor, commonly known as the dwarf palmetto, is a small species of palm. It is native to the deep southeastern and south-central United States and northeastern Mexico. It is naturally found in a diversity of habitats, including maritime forests, swamps, floodplains, and occasionally on drier sites. It is often found growing in calcareous marl soil. Sabal minor is one of the most frost and cold tolerant among North American palms. This palm's native range spans on the Atlantic Coast from central Florida north to Monkey Island, North Carolina. On the Gulf Coast, it spans from central Florida


title: "Sabal minor" content: to central Texas, Arkansas, north to southern Oklahoma, then south in the State of Nuevo León in Mexico. The dwarf palmetto grows up to 1 m (rarely 3 m) in height, with a trunk up to 30 cm diameter. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. Each leaf is 1.5–2 m long, with 40 leaflets up to 80 cm long, conjoined over half of this length. The flowers are yellowish-white, 5 mm across, produced in large compound panicles up to 2 m long, extending


title: "Sabal minor" content: out beyond the leaves. The fruit is a black drupe 1–1.3 cm long containing a single seed. "Sabal minor" is one of the most cold hardy palms, second only to the needle palm, "Rhapidophyllum hystrix". It is leaf hardy to near 0 F/-18 C, and has been known to survive brief periods of -5 F temperatures. It is generally cultivated in subtropical and warm temperate climates, however it needs hot and humid summers to grow well. In the United States, since the 1960s, cultivation has spread beyond the deep southern United States; Large healthy specimens have also been growing for


title: "Sabal minor" content: several decades in areas like central Tennessee and the greater Washington, DC Metropolitan Area. "Sabal minor" is cultivated along the East Coast from Florida to coastal Connecticut/Long Island, New York, and on the West Coast from Vancouver BC south to San Diego. It is a recommended horticultural plant by the Virginia Cooperative Extension. There are several cultivars, including those from the Outer Banks of North Carolina (northernmost strains), and those from Oklahoma and Texas. One popular strain is 'McCurtain', named after McCurtain County, Oklahoma where they are native. These tend to remain trunkless and smaller than those from warmer areas.


title: "Sabal minor" content: "Sabal minor" is a popular landscape palm in coastal resort areas from Virginia Beach, VA to southern Texas. Sabal minor Sabal minor, commonly known as the dwarf palmetto, is a small species of palm. It is native to the deep southeastern and south-central United States and northeastern Mexico. It is naturally found in a diversity of habitats, including maritime forests, swamps, floodplains, and occasionally on drier sites. It is often found growing in calcareous marl soil. Sabal minor is one of the most frost and cold tolerant among North American palms. This palm's native range spans on the Atlantic Coast


title: "Apostolos Doxiadis" content: Apostolos Doxiadis Apostolos K. Doxiadis (; born 1953) is a Greek writer. He is best known for his international bestsellers "Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture" (2000) and "Logicomix" (2009). Doxiadis was born in Australia, where his father, the architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis was working. Soon after his birth, the family returned to Athens, where Doxiadis grew up. Though his earliest interests were in poetry, fiction and the theatre, an intense interest in mathematics led Doxiadis to leave school at age fifteen, to attend Columbia University, in New York, from which he obtained a bachelor's degree in Mathematics in May 1972.


title: "Canadian (train)" content: to the south, Wabamun and Chip. Westbound, train passengers should be able to start seeing mountains (still way off in the distance) just after crossing the Sundance Creek trestle. The train finally reaches West Junction wye, and backs into Edmonton Via Rail station. (Westbound trains also back into the station.) The train is scheduled to dwell at the station for an hour for a crew change and other servicing. The Panorama car travels only between Vancouver and Edmonton. Here, the car is taken off (eastbound) or put on (westbound). Edmonton station is a suburban development across the street from the


title: "BMW X3" content: BMW X3 The BMW X3 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by German automaker BMW since 2003. Based on the BMW 3 Series platform, and now in its third generation, BMW markets the crossover as a "Sports Activity Vehicle", the company's proprietary descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The first generation X3 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all X3s under contract to BMW. BMW manufactures the second generation X3 at their Spartanburg plant in South Carolina, United States. The third generation of the BMW X3 is also manufactured at BMW


title: "BMW X3" content: South Africa's Rosslyn plant, a facility that recently underwent a major upgrade to prepare for the X3 production. About 76,000 units will be manufactured there annually. Designed to compete with the Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class (renamed GLC-Class since 2016), Audi Q5, Porsche Macan, Jaguar F-Pace, Volvo XC60, Lincoln MKC, Lexus NX, and the Range Rover Velar, it slots below the larger X5 and the Coupé-like X6, but above the smaller X1 and the X2. The first generation BMW X3, internally designated as the "E83", was produced from 2003 to 2010 and based on the BMW 3 Series platform. The E83 was designed


title: "BMW X3" content: by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all first generation X3s under contract to BMW. As a precursor to the X3, in 2003 BMW presented the "xActivity" concept vehicle at the Detroit Auto Show featuring the 3 Series platform and a fixed-profile convertible body style with reinforced longitudinal rails connect the A-pillars to the rear of the car on both sides, eliminating B- or C-pillars. The X3 premiered in September 2003 at the Frankfurt Auto Show (Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung), sharing its rear suspension with the E46 330xi and using an automatic four-wheel drive system marketed as


title: "BMW X3" content: "xDrive." All X3 models feature BMW's all wheel drive system, with a default 40:60 torque split between the front and rear axles and the ability to direct all torque to either axle. The system used an electronically controlled multiple-plate clutch to enable infinitely adjustable, fully variable distribution of torque from front to rear with the capability of up to 100 percent of engine torque going to either axle. BMW markets the crossover as a "Sports Activity Vehicle", the company's descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The X3 was conceived to combine the agility of a compact model with the driving


title: "BMW X3" content: experience of the company's X5. The X3 featured an upright, high H-point seating configuration, marketed as "command seating". Styling exhibited interacting concave and convex surfacing, characteristic for the company at the time along with a reinterpreted Hofmeister kink. BMW upgraded the model in 2005 and facelifted the model in 2007, with revised body bumpers, engine, interior trim, and suspension. The X3 "3.0i" won the Canadian Car of the Year "Best Sports Utility Vehicle" award for 2005. The X3 was initially criticised for its harsh ride, austere interior, lack of off-road capability and high price. U.S-spec X3 models were well-equipped, with


title: "BMW X3" content: standard equipment such as: the BMW Business A/M-F/M-CD radio (with optional dealer-activated Bluetooth functionality for wireless phones), an eight-speaker premium audio system, leatherette-trimmed seating surfaces, dual power front bucket seats, aluminum interior trim accents, keyless entry, and seventeen-inch (17") aluminum-alloy wheels. Optional equipment included a ten-speaker premium audio system with Digital Sound Processing (DSP), Sirius Satellite Radio, a dashboard-mounted color GPS navigational system that replaced the upper dashboard storage compartment and contained a modified version of BMW's "iDrive" multimedia system, eighteen-inch (and later nineteen-inch) aluminum-alloy wheels, Nevada leather-trimmed seating surfaces, heated front and rear seats, a heated steering wheel, a


title: "BMW X3" content: security system, BMW Assist, a panoramic dual-pane moonroof, Xenon front headlamps with adaptive front headlamps, and sport front bucket seats. For 2006, the U.S.-spec X3 lost its 2.5L M54 inline 6-cylinder engine for the 2.5i model. The only model available from 2006 onwards for the U.S.-spec X3 was the 3.0L M54 inline 6-cylinder engine (later, the N52 inline 6-cylinder engine) and the 3.0i model (later, 3.0Si or xDrive30i). This further increased the X3's base price. In September 2006, the E83 received a facelift with revised headlights, grille, front bumper, tail lights, rear bumper, and interior. For the 2007 model year,


title: "BMW X3" content: the US market X3 was powered by the N52 inline 6-cylinder engine that debuted on the 2006 E90 3 Series. Internationally, the X3 received smaller engines including the 4-cylinder petrol and diesel options. In Europe, the range started with a 2.0-litre 4-cylinder petrol, a 4cyl. turbo diesel and continues with 6-cylinder turbo & bi-turbo diesels. The largest diesel offered was the sport diesel with . U.S. market 2006 X3's were equipped with a version of the 'M' technik body kit with unpainted door sills and wheel arches. U.S. spec Sport Package 2006 X3's received the full 'M' body kit (with


title: "BMW X3" content: painted front, side and rear plastic) available internationally as a factory accessory. 2.5i was removed for sale from the U.S. and Adaptive headlamps and a panoramic sunroof were made available, as well as upgraded dashboard components and leather seating. Since September 2008, the Edition Exclusive and Edition lifestyle were available. The M-Sport Package was replaced in March 2009 by the Sport Limited Edition. Pre-facelift styling Post-facelift styling <nowiki>*</nowiki> In combination with optional Edition Sport, M-Sport package, dynamic packet or certain alloy wheels. The X3 Cross Country, also known as the X3 CC is an X3 prepared for rally raid competition.


title: "BMW X3" content: It features a 2.9-litre inline-6 (debore and destroked M57TU2D30 engine from 3.0 litre to 2.9-litre), twin turbocharged diesel engine. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 Paris Motor Show, The F25 is the second generation of BMW X3 being released in 2010 for the 2011 model year. For this generation production moved from Austria to BMW's US factory in Greer, South Carolina. The F25-based X3 is almost as large as the original E53 series X5. At launch, all models use all-wheel drive, badged as xDrive. Transmission choices are a six-speed manual or eight-speed ZF 8HP automatic transmission. The emission standard


title: "BMW X3" content: for all engines is Euro 5. A rear-wheel drive only model called sDrive was added to the range in some markets in 2012. Production of the X3 at BMW's United States plant in Greer, South Carolina started on 1 September 2010. The two millionth vehicle built at BMWUSM, a vermilion red metallic X3 xDrive35i with Oyster Nevada interior and an M Sport Package, was driven by BMW Associate Terry Gardner, a 16-year BMW veteran, with accompanying associates Renita Williams, Trung Phan and Olga Yurchenko. These associates represent teams from each of the plant's manufacturing technologies: Body, Paint and Assembly. The


title: "BMW X3" content: vehicle was retained on display at the Spartanburg Plant to commemorate the milestone. UK models went on sale on 18 November 2010. Early UK models included the xDrive20d). xDrive30d was added as of April 2011. xDrive35d was added as of September 2011. sDrive18d was added as of 20 August 2012. From Spring 2013, the latest generation of BMW Professional Navigation System became available. US models arrived in US BMW Centers by the end of 2010 as 2011 model year vehicles. Early US models included xDrive28i, xDrive35i. In 2013 model year (produced in April 2012 and delivered in May 2012), xDrive28i


title: "BMW X3" content: was introduced as replacement for xDrive28i, with new features such as standard Auto Start/Stop, Driving Dynamics Control with ECO PRO, New Driver Assistance Package (includes Lane Departure Warning). All US market vehicles come with an 8-speed automatic transmission. For 2011, the F25 X3 is available in the US, only with a 3.0-liter inline six-cylinder gasoline engine either normally aspirated or with a twin scroll turbocharger. In 2012, the F25 X3 xDrive28i model's 3.0L naturally-aspired inline six-cylinder gasoline engine was replaced by the 2.0L TwinPower twin-turbocharged inline four-cylinder gasoline engine that was first introduced on the BMW 3 Series (F30). A


title: "BMW X3" content: rear-wheel-drive sDrive28i model joined the X3 model lineup, marking the first non-xDrive BMW SAV to ever be sold in the United States. In 2013, the F25 X3 xDrive28d model joined the X3 lineup, powered by a 2.0L turbocharged inline four-cylinder diesel engine, again first introduced on the BMW 3 Series (F30). As of 2017, the xDrive28d model of the F25 X3 is no longer available for sale in the United States. In 2014 for the 2015 model year, the F25 received a LCI (Life Cycle Impulse) facelift. Changes include new modified twin circular headlights (optional LED headlights), redesigned kidney grille,


title: "BMW X3" content: new front and rear bumpers, and exterior mirrors with integrated turn signal indicators; a centre console with optional automatic climate control system in high-gloss black-panel look, new cup holders with a sliding cover for the centre console, new exterior colours, upholstery designs, interior trim strips and light-alloy wheels; new xLine equipment package, optional Smart Opener for the automatic tailgate and storage packages. The vehicle was unveiled in 84th Geneva International Motor Show 2014, followed by 114th New York International Auto Show 2014 (xDrive28d). BMW X3 20d diesel was reported to exceed EU Limit Euro 6 by over 11 times. On


title: "BMW X3" content: 24 September 2015, BMW denied this report in a statement. Pre-facelift styling Post-facelift styling <nowiki>*</nowiki> North American xDrive28d models used the four-cylinder engine from the European-specification xDrive20d models. With arrival in 2017, the next generation BMW X3 has a new design created by BMW's Australian designer, Calvin Luk. The new version is codenamed G01 and was unveiled in June 2017. The new X3 crossover will adopt a plug-in hybrid technology, and will be made available in two 2.0 litre diesel units known as B47, a next generation 3.0 diesel engine (B57), and a petrol variant (B58): a gasoline-powered, turbo-charged straight


title: "BMW X3" content: six with a displacement of 2998 cc. The third-generation X3 gained new technology courtesy of the BMW 5 Series (G30), such as gesture control (optional), LED exterior and interior lighting, and the newest BMW iDrive 6.0 system with a 12.5-inch widescreen touch-screen monitor for navigation systems. Depending on the model, the new X3 is as much as 55 kg (121 lb) lighter than a comparably equipped corresponding model from the previous X3 generation. The Alpina XD3 made its debut at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XD3 is fitted with an Alpina-modified version of BMW's B57 Diesel inline-six engine. In


title: "BMW X3" content: the quad-turbo left-hand drive version, the engine outputs and , giving a 0-100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.6 s and a top speed of . In the bi-turbo right-hand drive version, the engine outputs and , giving it a 0-100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.9 s and a top speed of . On 18 June 2008, the 500,000th X3 was produced in Graz. A battery-electric version with a WLTP-rated 400 km (249 mile) range based on the third generation X3 is expected to be released in 2020. The BMW iX3 is the first i model based on an


title: "BMW X3" content: existing car in BMW’s line-up. The iX3 produces over 270 hp and has a battery capacity of over 70 kWh. The electric powertrain is distinguished by a more compact design than that used by the existing BMW i3 with the electric motor, transmission and power electrics grouped together in a single component. It allows BMW to significantly reduce production costs over the old unit. As with the Audi e-tron, the BMW iX3 features a control unit that permits its battery to charged at fast-charging stations generating up to 150 kW, allowing it to be fully charged in just 30 minutes.


title: "BMW X3" content: The BMW iX3 will be built in China, with Norway being among the first markets. BMW X3 The BMW X3 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by German automaker BMW since 2003. Based on the BMW 3 Series platform, and now in its third generation, BMW markets the crossover as a "Sports Activity Vehicle", the company's proprietary descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The first generation X3 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all X3s under contract to BMW. BMW manufactures the second generation X3 at their Spartanburg plant in South


title: Assegai content: most notably by the Bantu speaking people of southern Africa. Assegai An assegai or assagai (Latin "hasta", cf Arabic "az-zaġāyah", Berber "zaġāya" "spear", Old French "azagaie", Spanish "azagaya", Italian "zagaglia", Chaucer "lancegay") is a pole weapon used for throwing, usually a light spear or javelin made of wood and pointed with iron or fire-hardened tip. The use of various types of the assegai was widespread all over Africa and it was the most common weapon used before the introduction of firearms. The Zulu and other Nguni tribes of South Africa were renowned for their use of the assegai. Shaka of


title: "Russian Air Force" content: seven aircraft due to Georgian anti-aircraft fire. The 2008 Russian military reforms were promptly announced following the war, which according to Western experts were intended to address many inadequacies discovered as a result. The reforms commenced during early 2009, in which air armies were succeeded by commands, and most air regiments becoming airbases. Aviation Week & Space Technology confirmed that the reorganisation would be completed by December 2009 and would see a 40 percent reduction in aircrew numbers. In February 2009, the Russian newspaper Kommersant reported that 200 of the 291 MiG-29s currently in service across all Russian air arms


title: "Quercus falcata" content: Quercus falcata Quercus falcata, commonly known as the southern red oak or Spanish oak, is a tree in the red oak section ("Lobatae") of the genus "Quercus" native to the eastern and south-central United States. "Quercus falcata" occurs on dry or sandy upland sites from southern New York (Long Island) south to central Florida and west to Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. In the northeastern portion of its range the species is relatively rare and found almost exclusively along the coast; its highest prevalence is throughout the piedmont region of the Southeast. "Quercus falcata" is a medium to large-sized deciduous tree


title: "Quercus falcata" content: tall, with a few forest grown specimens on highly productive sites reaching , with a trunk up to in diameter, the crown with a broad, round-topped head. The leaves are long and wide, with 3 to 5 sharply pointed, often curved, bristle-tipped lobes, the central lobe long and narrow; the small number of long, narrow lobes is diagnostic, readily distinguishing southern red oak from other red oaks. The base of the leaf is distinctly rounded into an inverted bell shape and often lopsided. They are dark green and shiny above, and rusty and hairy below, particularly along the midrib and


title: "Quercus falcata" content: veins. The seed is a short acorn long, bright orange-brown, enclosed for one-third to half of its length in a flat cup. The acorn matures at the end of its second season. The bark is dark brownish gray with narrow, shallow ridges. Southern red oak has been reported to form occasional hybrids with several other red oaks in the region. Queen Anne’s County Oak – A southern red oak on record as the largest southern red oak in Queen Anne's County, Maryland. The oak was located on Romancoke Road. It fell on July 23, 2017 due to a tornado. The


title: "Quercus falcata" content: tree was at least 200 years old, stood tall, and had a spread. Quercus falcata Quercus falcata, commonly known as the southern red oak or Spanish oak, is a tree in the red oak section ("Lobatae") of the genus "Quercus" native to the eastern and south-central United States. "Quercus falcata" occurs on dry or sandy upland sites from southern New York (Long Island) south to central Florida and west to Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. In the northeastern portion of its range the species is relatively rare and found almost exclusively along the coast; its highest prevalence is throughout the piedmont


title: "Surfside Buslines" content: double deck buses. As at October 2016, the fleet consisted of 395 buses and coaches. Vehicles are registered in both New South Wales and Queensland, although the fleet is utilised interchangeably, particularly the school bus fleet. The only restriction is the different ticket machines used in each state. Under Russell Penfold ownership, Surfside had an orange with blue stripe livery. The Calabros introduced a blue with yellow livery. Since 2008 all deliveries and repaints have been in TransLink colours, with blue body, green ends, a green and blue wavy stripe down each side and the TransLink logo toward the back.


title: "Jeremy Swan" content: Jeremy Swan H.J.C. "Jeremy" Swan (1 June 1922 – 7 February 2005) was an Irish cardiologist, originally from Sligo, who co-invented the Swan-Ganz catheter (widely used in intensive care units) with William Ganz at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in 1970. Swan was educated at Castleknock College and worked as a cardiologist in the Mayo Clinic (in Rochester, Minnesota), and later moved to Cedars Sinai Hospital (Los Angeles). His description of the invention of the catheter is said to have derived from watching the wind playing with sails in Santa Monica. He was present at the Mayo around the time they were


title: "Battle of Basian" content: gave power Alexios I of Trebizond, who was her sister's husband. Therefore Kingdom of Georgia created buffer zone between Turkish states and feudal lands. Battle of Basian The Battle of Basiani was fought, in the 13th century, between the armies of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuqid Sultanate of Rum in the Basiani valley, 60 km northeast of the city of Erzurum in what is now northeast Republic of Turkey. The battle is variously dated between 1202 and 1205, but 1203 or 1204 has lately been given preference. The contemporary Muslim analyst Ibn Bibi places the battle in 598


title: "Blue spruce" content: year. Although freezing can’t damage much in blue spruce, frost will cause seedling loss. Shadows in late spring and early autumn minimize this frost heaving loss. Despite the shallow roots, blue spruce is able to resist strong winds. Five years before transplanting, the total root surface area of 2-meter-high trees was doubled by pruning the roots of blue spruce. It also increases the root concentration in drip irrigation pipeline from 40% to 60%, which is an advantage in landscape greening. Common cultivars (those marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit): The Navajo and Keres Native Americans


title: "First Battle of Adobe Walls" content: Carson gave the order to return to New Mexico. Some of his officers wished to renew the battle, but Carson, consulting only with his Utes and Jicarillas, ordered the retreat to New Mexico. The United States Army declared the First Battle of Adobe Walls a victory. The Kiowa, to the contrary, recorded in their annual record, painted on buffalo skin, that the period was "muddy travel winter, the time when the Kiowas repelled Kit Carson." Carson was well known by all the Indians of the Southern Plains. The battle left the Comanche and Kiowa unchallenged in their control of the


title: "Sir William Gordon-Cumming, 4th Baronet" content: after the trial, and he resigned his membership of his four London clubs, the Carlton, Guards', Marlborough and Turf. The same day he married his American fiancée, the heiress Florence Garner, who had stood by him throughout the trial despite Gordon-Cumming twice offering to break off their engagement because of the scandal. The service took place at the Holy Trinity church in Chelsea with only a small congregation. When the couple returned to Scotland a few days later the locals from near his estate had decorated the station and pulled the carriage through the streets by hand. According to the


title: "Burra, South Australia" content: consisted of green malachite and blue azurite veins and nodules amongst the host rock. The malachite and azurite were formed from copper sulphide minerals, by a process known as "secondary enrichment". This process took millions of years to convert the low grade copper sulphide ore, which was probably created 300 to 400 millions of years ago during the last period of vulcanism near Burra. The name applied to what is now the town of Burra has changed over time. The Burra Burra Copper Mine was named after the Burra Burra Creek that flows through the town. From at least 1851


title: "Cold-weather warfare" content: may also begin to swell. Advanced trench foot often involves blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal infections. If left untreated, trench foot usually results in gangrene, which may require amputation. If trench foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling returns. Trench foot affected tens of thousands of soldiers engaged in trench warfare in World War I. Keeping feet warm and dry, or at least changing into warm and dry replacement footgear, is the best way to avoid trench foot. Frostbite is localized damage to skin and other


title: "Fokker 50" content: Fokker 50 The Fokker 50 is a turboprop-powered airliner, designed as a refinement of and successor to the highly successful Fokker F27 Friendship. The Fokker 60 is a stretched freighter version of the Fokker 50. Both aircraft were manufactured and supported by Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. The Fokker 50 was developed during the early 1980s following a decline in the sales of the company's earlier F27 Friendship. It was decided that the new airliner would be a derivative of its predecessor, sharing much of its airframe and design features, while incorporating new advances and several improvements, such as the adoption


title: "Fokker 50" content: of Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127B turboprop engines, in order to produce a successor that had a 30 per cent reduction in fuel consumption over the F27. The Fokker 50 performed its maiden flight on 28 December 1985, and entered revenue service during 1987. The Fokker 60 has been operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF), ex-RNLAF aircraft are also in service with the Peruvian Naval Aviation and the Republic of China's Air Force. By the early 1980s, the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker, who had identified that sales of the Fokker F27 Friendship, a turboprop-powered airliner which had been


title: "Fokker 50" content: in continual production since 1958, were beginning to decline. Accordingly, the company decided to conduct a series of design studies for follow-up products to the key elements of their existing product line, these being the centered around the F27 and the Fokker F28 Fellowship jet airliner. In November 1983, Fokker decided to commence simultaneous work on two development projects to develop a pair of new airliners - these being the Fokker 100, which was to succeed the F28, and the "Fokker 50", which was the successor to the F27. The Fokker 50 programme suffered some delays, leading to the first


title: "Fokker 50" content: aircraft being delivered more than a year following the final F27 delivery. The Fokker 50 was basically an amalgamation of various refinements and improvements which had been made to the design of the F27 Friendship. As a result of these modifications, such as the adoption of Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127B turboprop engines, Fokker was able to progressively reduce the F27's fuel consumption by 30 per cent. Various different propeller designs were adopted over timespan of the aircraft's production, while an increasing proportion of composite materials were used in the airframe, adjustments to the wing design, and a higher degree


title: "Fokker 50" content: of cockpit automation were areas of major advances of the Fokker 50 over its predecessor. Fokker partnered with several companies to manufacture portions of the Fokker 50; these included the wing being produced by Belgian aerospace firm SABCA, fuselage sections made by French aircraft manufacturer Dassault Aviation, flaps and other components manufactured by German aerospace company Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), and vertical stabilizers and horizontal stabilizers built by Japanese multinational corporation Fuji Heavy Industries. A pair of prototypes, derived from F27 airframes, were produced; on 28 December 1985, the first of these prototypes performed its maiden flight. In 1987, certification of the


title: "Fokker 50" content: Fokker 50 by the Dutch aviation authority RLD was successfully completed, and the first production aircraft was subsequently delivered to German airline DLT Luftverkehrsgesellschaft mbH (DLT). DLT and Ansett Airlines of Australia served as the airliner's launch customers. During 1994, Fokker had been incurring sizable losses on its operations, which led to cuts in the output of the Fokker 50 and threatened its long term viability. During early 1995, the firm embarked upon a major restructuring programme, including efforts to renegotiate prices with its suppliers, in what was viewed by aerospace publication Flight International as a last-ditch effort to save


title: "Fokker 50" content: the company in its current form. By July 1995, Fokker was in negotiations with the Dutch government over the terms for a potential bailout of the company as losses continued to mount. Fokker's owner, Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA), had agreed to provide a rescue deal for the company, but this was contingent upon Dutch government participation. In March 1996, production of the Fokker 50 was terminated as a consequence of Fokker itself having been forced into a state of bankruptcy. The financial difficulties suffered by the firm had been in part caused by the massive cost overruns which had been


title: "Fokker 50" content: incurred on both the Fokker 50 and Fokker 100, as well as due to intense competition within the regional airliner sector that Fokker had designed and marketed these aircraft towards, which had not been helped by delays to the program in the face of multiple modern competitors in the form of the Saab 340, ATR 42 and Bombardier Dash 8. Despite repeated increases cost-efficiency of production realised within the final 12 months of production, these did not prove enough to save the company. During 1997, as a result of the company having entered into liquidation, the final Fokker 50 aircraft


title: "Fokker 50" content: was delivered that year. By the end of the program, a total of 213 Fokker 50s had been completed. As early as May 1996, proposals for the partial or complete restart of production of the type were mooted, amongst these being interest from Indian aerospace firm Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in establishing a Fokker 50 assembly line in India, however these did not come about. In 1996, Fokker Services was established; holding the type certificate for the Fokker 50, the organisation provides comprehensive support and services to operators of the type, including training, logistics support, maintenance, modification, and engineering services. By


title: "Fokker 50" content: August 2006, a total of 171 Fokker 50 aircraft remained within airline service; major operators included: Avianca (10), Denim Air (12), Skyways Express (18) and VLM Airlines (20). Some 27 other airlines including Air Astana also operated smaller numbers of the type. Between March 2013 and September 2014, a pair of Fokker 50s were based at EHLE Lelystad airport in their Royal Netherlands Air Force livery; both aircraft had been purchased by the Peruvian Navy and were subsequently transferred. The Fokker 60 is stretched version of the Fokker 50, being 1.62 m (5.31 ft) longer for a total length of