title: Hierapolis content: Magnesia where Antiochus the Great was defeated by the Roman ally Eumenes II. Following the Treaty of Apamea ending the Syrian War, Eumenes annexed much of Asia Minor, including Hierapolis. Hierapolis became a healing centre where doctors used the thermal springs as a treatment for their patients. The city began minting bronze coins in the 2nd century BC. These coins give the name Hieropolis. It remains unclear whether this name referred to the original temple (, "hieron") or honoured Hiera, the wife of Telephus, son of Heracles and the Mysian princess Auge, the supposed founder of Pergamon's Attalid dynasty. This


title: Hierapolis content: name eventually changed into Hierapolis ("holy city"), according to the Byzantine geographer Stephanus on account of its large number of temples. In 133 BC, when Attalus III died, he bequeathed his kingdom to Rome. Hierapolis thus became part of the Roman province of Asia. In AD 17, during the rule of the emperor Tiberius, a major earthquake destroyed the city. Through the influence of the Christian apostle Paul, a church was founded here while he was at Ephesus. The Christian apostle Philip spent the last years of his life here. The town's Martyrium was alleged to have been built upon


title: Hierapolis content: the spot where Philip was crucified in AD 80. His daughters were also said to have acted as prophetesses in the region. In the year 60, during the rule of Nero, an even more severe earthquake left the city completely in ruins. Afterwards, the city was rebuilt in the Roman style with imperial financial support. It was during this period that the city attained its present form. The theatre was built in 129 for a visit by the emperor Hadrian. It was renovated under Septimius Severus (193–211). When Caracalla visited the town in 215, he bestowed the much-coveted title of


title: Hierapolis content: "neocoros" upon it, according the city certain privileges and the right of sanctuary. This was the golden age of Hierapolis. Thousands of people came to benefit from the medicinal properties of the hot springs. New building projects were started: two Roman baths, a gymnasium, several temples, a main street with a colonnade, and a fountain at the hot spring. Hierapolis became one of the most prominent cities in the Roman Empire in the fields of the arts, philosophy, and trade. The town grew to 100,000 inhabitants and became wealthy. During his campaign against the Sassanid Shapur II in 370, the


title: Hierapolis content: emperor Valens made the last-ever imperial visit to the city. During the 4th century, the Christians filled Pluto's Gate (a ploutonion) with stones, suggesting that Christianity had become the dominant religion and begun displacing other faiths in the area. Originally a see of Phrygia Pacatiana, the Byzantine emperor Justinian raised the bishop of Hierapolis to the rank of metropolitan in 531. The Roman baths were transformed to a Christian basilica. During the Byzantine period, the city continued to flourish and also remained an important centre for Christianity. In the early 7th century, the town was devastated first by Persian armies


title: Hierapolis content: and then by another destructive earthquake, from which it took a long time to recover. In the 12th century, the area came under the control of the Seljuk sultanate of Konya before falling to crusaders under Frederick Barbarossa and their Byzantine allies in 1190. About thirty years later, the town was abandoned before the Seljuks built a castle in the 13th century. The new settlement was abandoned in the late 14th century. In 1354, the great Thracian earthquake toppled the remains of the ancient city. The ruins were slowly covered with a thick layer of limestone. Hierapolis was first excavated


title: Hierapolis content: by the German archaeologist Carl Humann during June and July 1887. His excavation notes were published in his 1889 book "Altertümer von Hierapolis". His excavations were rather general and included a number of drilling holes. He would gain fame for his later discovery of the Pergamon Altar, which was reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. After the large white limestone formations of the hot springs became famous again in the 20th century, it was turned into a tourist attraction named "Cotton Castle" (Pamukkale). The ancient city was rediscovered by travellers, but also partially destroyed by new hotels that were


title: Hierapolis content: built there. These buildings have been removed in recent years; however, the hot water pool of one hotel was retained, and (for a fee) it is possible to swim amongst ancient stone remains. Excavations began in earnest in 1957 when Italian scientists, led by Paolo Verzone, began working on the site. These studies continued into 2008 when a restoration of the site began. Large columns along the main street near the gate named for Domitian were erected again. A number of houses from the Byzantine period were also unearthed, including an 11th-century courtyard house. Many statues and friezes were transported


title: Hierapolis content: to museums in London, Berlin, and Rome. In 1970, the Hierapolis Archaeology Museum was built on the site of the former Roman baths. The Hellenistic city was built on a grid with streets running parallel or perpendicular to the main thoroughfare. This main street ran from north to south close to a cliff with the travertine terraces. It was about long and wide and was bordered on both sides by an arcade. At both ends of the main street, there was a monumental gate flanked by square towers built of massive blocks of stone. The side streets were about wide.


title: Hierapolis content: Another gate, the Domitian Gate, was close to the northern city gate. This triumphal arch flanked by circular towers consists of three arches and was built by the proconsul Julius Frontinus (84–86). The town was repeatedly rebuilt following major earthquakes and improved prior to various imperial visits to the healing springs. In addition, Septimius Severus had a number of new buildings constructed in Hierapolis in gratitude for his secretary Antipater, a native of Hierapolis who also tutored the emperor's two sons. This is the monumental entrance to the Roman city and leads onto the large plateia, 14 m wide, which


title: Hierapolis content: crosses the whole settlement, exiting a gate at the opposite side, to connect with the road that goes to Laodicea on the Lykos and then Colossae. It is worth admiring the well preserved structure with three openings, in carefully squared travertine blocks, with elegant arches decorated with a simple cornice moulding, flanked by two round towers that recall Hellenistic city Gates such as that of the Pamphilian city of Perge, near Antalya. The north gate forms part of a fortification system built at Hierapolis in Theodosian times (late 4th century) and is its monumental entrance, matched by a symmetrical gate


title: Hierapolis content: to the south of the city. Built of reused material from the demolition of the Agora, it is flanked by two square towers, as in other nearby cities such as Blaundus. Four large marble brackets with heads of lions, of panther and of a Gorgon were found collapsed in front of the gate. They are quite expressive and, whilst belonging to antique buildings, were evidently reused as apotropaic elements on the two sides of the gate so as to ward off evil influence. The Theatre was probably constructed under the reign of Hadrian after the earthquake of 60 AD. The


title: Hierapolis content: facade is long, the full extent of which remains standing. In the cavea there are 50 rows of seats divided into 7 parts by 8 intermediate stairways. The diazoma, which divided the cavea into two, was entered by two vaulted passages (the vomitoria). There is an Imperial loge at the middle of the cavea and a 6-foot-high (1.83 m) wall surrounding the orchestra. During the reign of Severus at the beginning of the 3rd century, the old scaenae frons was replaced by a new, more monumental one, organized on three storeys and flanked by two imposing side entry buildings. Sculptural


title: Hierapolis content: reliefs, displaying mythological subjects, were placed on the different storeys, while dedicatory inscriptions ran along the entablatures. The transformation was outstanding due to the size of the structures, the high quality of workmanship and materials employed. The auditorium was rebuilt as well, substituting the ancient limestone seats with others in marble, and realizing a high podium on the orchestra in order to adapt the building to the organization of venationes and gladiator schools. An earthquake in Hierapolis in the 7th century caused the collapse of the entire building as well as the ultimate abandonment of the city. Since the 18th


title: Hierapolis content: century, the monument’s striking ruins have become a recurrent theme in European travellers’ descriptions and engravings. Septimius Severus is portrayed in a relief together with his wife Julia Domna, his two sons Caracalla and Geta, and the god Jupiter. In AD 352, the orchestra was probably transformed into an arena for aquatic shows, which had become fashionable. The stage, which is high, had 5 doors and 6 niches. In front of these there were 10 marble columns, decorated with alternate rectilinear and curved segments. The wall behind the scene was decorated with three rows of columns one behind another. The


title: Hierapolis content: columns on the front row do not have grooves and stood on octagonal bases. The auditorium consisted of stacked seating with a capacity of 15,000 and was bisected by the main aisle. It featured an imperial box. The lower part originally had twenty rows and the upper part twenty five, but only thirty rows altogether have survived. The auditorium is segmented into nine aisles by means of eight vertical passageways with steps. The proscenium consisted of two stories with ornately decorated niches to the sides. Several statues, reliefs (including depictions of Apollo, Dionysus, and Diana), and decorative elements have been


title: Hierapolis content: excavated by the Italian archaeological team and can be seen in the local museum. The theatre has been the object of important restorations between 2004 and 2014. A temple was raised to Apollo Lairbenos, the town's principal god during the late Hellenistic period. This Apollo was linked to the ancient Anatolian sun god Lairbenos and the god of oracles Kareios. The site also included temples or shrines to Cybele, Artemis, Pluto, and Poseidon. Now only the foundations of the Hellenistic temple remain. The temple stood within a peribolos () in Doric style. The structures of the temple are later, though


title: Hierapolis content: the presence of two Ionic capitals in the Museum (see under Museum), as well as of a Corinthian capital of the 1st century AD and other architectural fragments lead archeologists to suppose the existence of an earlier temple on the site. The temple, which has a marble staircase, lies within a sacred area, about long. It was surrounded by an enclosure wall (temenos). The back of the temple was built against the hill, the peribolos was surrounded on the remaining southern, western and northern sides, by a marble portico which has been partially excavated. This portico has pilasters bearing fluted


title: Hierapolis content: Doric semi-columns supporting capitals that are decorated below with a row of astragali and beads and which, on the decorated below with a row of astragali and beads and which, on the echinus, bear a series of ovolos. The new temple was reconstructed in the 3rd century in Roman fashion, recycling the stone blocks from the older temple. The reconstruction had a smaller area and now only its marble floor remains. The temple of Apollo was deliberately built over an active fault. This fault was called the Plutonium. It was the oldest religious centre of the native community, the place


title: Hierapolis content: where Apollo met with Cibele. It was said that only the priest of the Great Mother could enter the cave without being overpowered by the noxious underground fumes. Temples dedicated to Apollo were often built over geologically active sites, including his most famous, the temple at Delphi. When the Christian faith was granted official primacy in the 4th century, this temple underwent a number of desecrations. Part of the peribolos was also dismantled to make room for a large Nympheum. Next to this temple and within the sacred area is the oldest local sanctuary, Pluto's Gate, a ploutonion () or


title: Hierapolis content: plutonium, which here means a shrine to the Greek god Pluto. This plutonium was described by several ancient writers, including Strabo, Cassius Dio, and Damascius. It is a small cave just large enough for one person to enter through a fenced entrance, beyond which stairs go down and from which emerges suffocating carbon dioxide gas caused by subterranean geologic activity. Behind the roofed chamber is a deep cleft in the rock, through which fast-flowing hot water passes while releasing a sharp-smelling gas. During the early years of the town, castrated priests of Cybele descended into the plutonium, crawling over the


title: Hierapolis content: floor to pockets of oxygen or holding their breath. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air and so tends to settle in hollows. The priests would then come up to show that they were miraculously immune to the gas and infused with divine protection. An enclosed area of stood in front of the entrance. It was covered by a thick layer of suffocating gas, killing anyone who dared to enter it. The priests sold birds and other animals to the visitors, so that they could try out how deadly this enclosed area was. Visitors could (for a fee) ask questions of


title: Hierapolis content: Pluto's oracle. This provided a considerable source of income for the temple. The entrance to the plutonium was walled off during the Christian times and has just been recently unearthed. The Nymphaeum is located inside the sacred area in front of the Apollo temple. It dates from the 2nd century AD. It was a shrine of the nymphs, a monumental fountain distributing water to the houses of the city via an ingenious network of pipes. The Nymphaeum was repaired in the 5th century during the Byzantine era. A retaining wall was built with elements from the peribolos of the Apollonian


title: Hierapolis content: temple. By doing so, the early Christians cut off the view of the pagan temple. The Byzantine gate was constructed in the 6th century. Now only the back wall and the two side walls remain. The walls and the niches in the walls were decorated with statues. The Italian archaeological team has excavated two statues of priestesses, which are now on display at the local museum. The Nymphaeum has a U-shaped plan and sits on the continuation of the main colonnaded road. The stone pavement columns and other architectural remains mark a great part of the colonnaded road which ran


title: Hierapolis content: through the city in a north-south direction. It has statues and shops around it, underneath which passed canals. The road had a base covered with stone blocks, now under the pool of the Private Administration. There are two huge doors which were constructed at the end of the 1st century AD and left outside the city walls. Beyond the city walls and meadow, following the main colonnaded road and passing the outer baths ("thermae extra muros"), an extensive necropolis extends for over on both sides of the old road to Phrygian Tripolis and Sardis. The other goes south from Laodikya


title: Hierapolis content: to Closae. The necropolis extends from the northern to the eastern and southern sections of the old city. Most of the tombs have been excavated. This necropolis is one of the best preserved in Turkey. Most of about the 1,200 tombs were constructed with local varieties of limestone, though marble has been used, as well. Most tombs date from the late Hellenic period, but there are also a considerable number from the Roman and early Christian periods. People who came for medical treatment to Hierapolis in ancient times and the native people of the city buried their dead in tombs


title: Hierapolis content: of several types according to their traditions and socio-economic status. The tombs and funeral monuments can be divided into four types: The monuments are situated in the large area, together with many travertine lahids, inscribed with Soros suffixes written in Greek (some over 2,000 years old) generally in the epigraphs on lahids. There are many architectural grave monuments in Hierapolis and they show different architectural techniques. The oldest graves are of the Hellenistic Period (1st and 2nd centuries BC), and are Tumulus graves, which are located on the east side of the foothill. The stone is cut properly limited to


title: Hierapolis content: the drum cylinder which bonds the top of the burial chamber. The grave room is accessible from the corridor dramos. These tombs belonged to rich families. Poor families' tombs were carved into the rock and are simple. On the north side of the city, the graves made as the 2nd and the 3rd, are generally surrounded by walls and they have gardens decorated with flowers and trees (especially cypress). Grave monuments which are completely made of travertine, show different types; like simple lahids, and home kind graves which has two or more lahids on it. On the sarcophagus that holds


title: Hierapolis content: the lahid, there is an inscription written in Greek ("bomas", "altar"). "Bomas" was used as symbol which stresses that with the connection of a dead body of a person in high position, his or her remembrance will be exalted. These monuments have the same functions with heroon. (The grave monuments made for celebrating are for the heroes' and important persons’ who are believed to become gods after they die.) A raised relief on the Sarcophagus of a certain Marcus Aurelius Ammianos, a local miller, depicts the earliest known machine to incorporate a crank and connecting rod. On the pediment a


title: Hierapolis content: waterwheel fed by a mill race is shown powering via a gear train two frame saws cutting rectangular blocks by the way of connecting rods and, through mechanical necessity, cranks (see diagram). The accompanying inscription is in Greek. In June 2014 the sarcophagus was stored at the Hierapolis Museum and not displayed. On the right side, fascinating signs of the earthquake can be seen. Large travertine area is completely demolished. The rectangle and hallow graves, which may be simpler and older than the necropolis, attracts attention. While digging, experts in Denizli Museum, found a grave with long inscriptions. Close to


title: Hierapolis content: it, Epigraphic marble blocks had been founded which are dated to the Early Hellenistic Period. On the North side of the area, digging works are going on. On the hillside, Byzantine ramparts, on the grave builds, marble lahids had been founded. This lahids are staying on a stone base. The roof that built with cob brick is covered with tiles. This was a new style in this period, and inside the grave it is decorated with coloured wall paintings. On the way to Laodikeia and Colossae is another grave related to the Necropolis. This is the grave of Tiberius Cladius


title: Hierapolis content: Talamos, whose name was written in the long epigraph, and it attracts attention due to the resemblance of its facade to a home. The St. Philip Martyrium stands on top of the hill outside the northeastern section of the city walls. It dates from the 5th century. It was said that Philip was buried in the center of the building and, though his tomb has recently been unearthed, the exact location has not yet been verified. The Martyrium burned down at the end of the 5th or early 6th century, as attested by fire marks on the columns. Philip is


title: Hierapolis content: said to have been martyred in Hierapolis by being crucified upside-down or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree. The martyrium is usually taken to have been named after the Christian apostle Philip but from early times there has been some dispute as to the actual identity of "Philip of Hierapolis". This confusion started with a report by Polycrates of Ephesus in his Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History and in his controversial letter written to Victor of Rome towards the end of the 2nd century. In the letter, he reports that the graves of Philip "of the twelve


title: Hierapolis content: apostles", and of his two aged virgin daughters were in (the Phrygian) Hierapolis; a third daughter, "who had lived in the Holy Ghost", was buried at Ephesus. With this may be compared the testimony of Clement of Alexandria, who incidentally speaks of "Philip the Apostle" as having begotten children and as having given daughters in marriage. On the other hand, Proclus, one of the interlocutors in the "Dialogue of Caius", a writing of somewhat later date than the letter of Polycrates, mentions "four prophetesses, the daughters of Philip at Hierapolis in Asia, whose tomb and that of their father are


title: Hierapolis content: to be seen there", where the mention of the daughters prophesying identifies the person meant with the Philip of Acts. Early traditions say this Philip was martyred by hanging in Phrygia. and was also known as "Philip the Apostle". The reasons for setting aside the evangelist identification, and for holding that the Philip who lived at Hierapolis was the Apostle are stated by Lightfoot, Colossians (2). Fresh confirmation of his view was afforded by the discovery of an inscription at Hierapolis, showing that the church there was dedicated to the memory "of the holy and glorious apostle and theologian Philip."Early


title: Hierapolis content: traditions say this Philip was martyred by hanging in Phrygia. and was also known as "Philip the Apostle". The martyrium had a special design, probably executed by an architect of a Byzantine emperor. It has a central octagonal structure with a diameter of under a wooden dome which is covered with lead tiles. This is surrounded with eight rectangular rooms, each accessible via three arches. Four were used as entrances to the church, the other four as chapels. The space between the eight rooms was filled with heptagonal chapels with a triangular apse. The dome above the apse was decorated


title: Hierapolis content: with mosaics. The whole structure was surrounded by an arcade with marble columns. All the walls were covered with marble panels. In 2011, it was announced that Philip's gravesite may have been discovered about from the Martyrium. Especially in the period of the Roman Empire, Hierapolis and its site were a health center. In those years, thousands of people used to come to the baths, of which there are more than 15, and they found their remedy in those baths. Today's Antique Pool was shaped by the earthquake which happened in the 7th century AD. The marble portico with Ionic


title: Hierapolis content: arrangement fell into the spring during that earthquake. The water in the thermal pool is 36–57 °C, pH value is 5.8 and radon value is 1480 pCi/l. The spa water contains bicarbonate, sulphate and carbon dioxide, as well as iron and radioactive combination. The water in this spring is suitable for taking showers and drinking cures, 2430 MG/liter melt metal value. Another set of baths was constructed outside the north gate at the beginning of the 3rd century AD. This building was converted into a church in the early Christian era (th century). It is apparent that the building had


title: Hierapolis content: stuccoed, vaulted ceilings and that the halls were decorated with marble slabs. The Roman Bath, one of the biggest buildings of Hierapolis antique city, has been used as the site of the Hierapolis Archaeology Museum since 1984. In this museum, alongside the historical artifacts which were found in Hierapolis, there are some artifacts from Laodiceia, Colossae, Tripolis, Attuda and other towns of the Lycos (Çürüksu) valley. In addition to these, the museum has a large section devoted to artifacts found at Beycesultan Hüyük and which includes some of the most beautiful examples of Bronze Age craft. Artifacts which have come


title: Hierapolis content: from the Caria, Pisidia and Lydia regions are also on display in this museum. The museum's exhibition space consists of three closed areas of the Hierapolis Bath and open areas in the eastern side, which are known to have been used as the library and the gymnasium. The artifacts in the open exhibition space are mostly marble and stone. This room contains finds from the excavations in Hierepolis and Laodiceia, including sarcophagi, statues, gravestones, pedestals, pillars and inscriptions. Among these artifacts there are statues of Tyche, Dionysus, Pan, Asklepios, Isis, Demeter and Trion which, although executed by the Romans, were


title: Hierapolis content: inspired by the Hellenistic tradition. The representations of local customs on family tombs are particularly interesting. The most beautiful examples of baked earth sarcophagi are specific to this area. One of the most valuable works of art in this room is the sarcophagus belonging to a certain Arhom, of the 'Sidemare' type. On it is an inscription to Maximilian, and it is the finest work to emerge from the ancient towns of Lahdi and Laodicia. In this room, there are small findings from several civilizations of the last 4,000 years. These works, which are displayed in chronological order include works


title: Hierapolis content: from many archaeological sites in and around Denizli. A special importance is given to the findings from Beycesultan Höyük. These discoveries are an example of an ancient civilization. These works, which were found in the excavation conducted by the British Institute of Archaeology include idols, baked earth bowls, libation cups, seals and other stone artifacts. In other parts of the room are displayed objects from the Frigan, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine period such as glass cups, necklaces, gemstones (in the form of rings, bracelets, earrings and so on) and earthenware lamps. This room also contains an important sequence of ancient


title: Hierapolis content: coins arranged in chronological order. The earliest of these coins were minted in the 6th century AD and the display proceeds through the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Selçuk and Ottoman periods with coins of gold, silver and bronze. In this room, decorative works from the theater of Hierapolis, most of which have been restored, are displayed. Some of the reliefs of the scenery building remain in site but parts of them have been replaced by copies. In the works that are found in the room there are reliefs devoted to the myth of Apollo and Artemis, the delights of Dionysos and


title: Hierapolis content: the coronotion of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus. There are depictions of the abduction of Persephone by Hades, Apollo, Leto, Artemis, and Hades and sculpted sphinxes. Sculpted relief reminiscent of Attalus and Eumenes are on display. Inscriptions describing the coronation of the goddess Hierapolis and decisions of the assembly concerning the theater may be seen. Hierapolis Hierapolis (, "Holy City") was an ancient city located on hot springs in classical Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia. Its ruins are adjacent to modern Pamukkale in Turkey and currently comprise an archaeological museum designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The hot springs have


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata St. Paul's Cathedral is a CNI (Church of North India) Cathedral of Anglican background in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, noted for its Gothic architecture. It is the seat of the Diocese of Calcutta. The cornerstone was laid in 1839; the building was completed in 1847. It is said to be the largest cathedral in Kolkata and the first Episcopal Church in Asia. It was also the first cathedral built in the overseas territory of the British Empire. The edifice stands on Cathedral Road on the "island of attractions" to provide for more space for the growing


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: population of the European community in Calcutta in the 1800s. Following the 1897 earthquake and the subsequent massive earthquake of 1934, when Calcutta suffered substantial damage, the cathedral was reconstructed to a revised design. The architectural design of the cathedral is "Indo-Gothic", a Gothic architectural style designed to meet the climatic conditions of India. The cathedral complex has a library, situated over the western porch, and a display of Plastic art forms and memorabilia. Apart from that of Bishop Daniel Wilson, the founder of the cathedral, the other notable burial in the church is that of John Paxton Norman, an


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: acting Chief Justice who was assassinated in 1871. The cathedral is across from the Bishop's House on 51, Chowringhee Road, in a direct line of sight from the Victoria Memorial. The cathedral is located to the east of the Victoria Memorial and at the southern edge of the maidan, a park. The building stands on Cathedral Road, on the "island of attractions" in Kolkata, along with the Victoria Memorial, Nandan, Rabindra Sadan theatre complex, and the Birla Planetarium. The cathedral was built to replace St. John's Church, which had become too small for Calcutta's growing European community; by 1810 there


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: were 4,000 British men and 300 British women in Bengal. In 1819, at the request of Marquess of Hastings, then Governor-General of Bengal, architect William Nairn Forbes produced a design for the proposed cathedral; however, it was not accepted as it was deemed too expensive to build. Bishop Middleton suggested as a site for the new cathedral the part of the city now known as "Fives Court", where the cathedral now stands. In 1762 the area had been described as a forest so wild that it harbored tigers, and, at first, it was regarded as "too far south" to serve


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: as a location for the cathedral. Middleton died in 1822 before building plans took shape. The next three bishops, Heber, James and Turner, all died after brief tenures, and it was not until 1832, under Bishop Daniel Wilson, that the project to build the cathedral was revived. Following acquisition of of land to build the cathedral, a Cathedral Committee was set up to build it. The military engineer, Major William Nairn Forbes (17961855) (who later became a Major General of the Bengal Engineers), at the request of Bishop Wilson, designed the cathedral with the assistance of architect C. K. Robinson,


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: modelling the tower and spire upon Norwich Cathedral. On 8October 1839, construction was initiated by laying the cornerstone. The cathedral was completed after eight years and consecrated on 8October 1847. The consecration ceremony, to mark which Queen Victoria had sent "ten pieces of silver-gilt plate" for the cathedral, was largely attended by Europeans and local people. The cathedral was built in Gothic revival style, but with modern construction elements, including an iron framework. It was built with a chancel, a sanctuary, chapels and a tall spire; the cost of construction of the edifice was then Rs.4,35,669. The cathedral can accommodate


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: 800 to 1,000 people. In the 1897 earthquake the cathedral suffered damage and was refurbished. In the subsequent massive earthquake of 1934, when Calcutta was devastated, the cathedral's steeple tower collapsed. It was reconstructed to a revised design. Following the 1934 Calcutta earthquake, the tower was rebuilt along the lines of the central Bell Harry tower of Canterbury Cathedral. On its completion, St.Paul's replaced St.John's Church as the cathedral. The cathedral also has a statue of Bishop Heber (17831826), who was the Second Bishop of Calcutta; the statue was sculpted by Francis Leggatt Chantrey. The Bishop's House across the street


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: is also architecturally notable. The cathedral is well maintained in a serene and peaceful atmosphere. People of all religious denominations can visit the church. Service is held regularly. Christmas is a special occasion when a large number of people assemble to participate in the festivities. The Imperial Gazetteer defined the architectural design of the cathedral as "Indo-Gothic", to mean a Gothic architectural style built to meet the climatic conditions of India. It was also called a "spurious gothic adapted to the exigencies of the Indian climate." The cathedral's design, otherwise known as Gothic Revival style, includes three stained-glass windows and


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: two frescoes in the Florentine Renaissance style; the West Window was created by Morris & Co. to a design by Sir Edward Burne-Jones. The nave of the cathedral is very long at , and its width is . The nave is fitted with well-crafted wooden pews and chairs. The central spire rises to a height of , and the tower on which it stands is square in shape and was patterned on the lines of the 12th-century Canterbury Cathedral, England. The tower was fitted with five clocks, each of which weighed about three tons. The stained-glass windows on the western


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: side were the creation of Sir Edward Burne-Jones, a pre-Raphaelite master, which were fitted in half-sunk arches; these were designed in 1880 in memory of Lord Mayo who was assassinated in the Andaman Islands. When completed in 1847, the cathedral as a whole was compared to the Norwich Cathedral of England. The East window, which had original stained glass, was destroyed by a cyclone in 1964. It was replaced with a new one in 1968. The roof of the cathedral is in the shape of a "shallow curve" arching over iron trusses decorated with "Gothic tracery" (it was the largest


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: span when built). The hall of the cathedral is built spaciously without any aisles on its flanks. The materials used in the construction of the cathedral consisted of special bricks, light in weight and with good compression strength. The dressed stones used were Chunar stones. The external and internal surfaces of the cathedral were plastered with fine "chunam" (lime plaster) in the form of a stucco. The cathedral's interior has a display of many plastic art forms and memorabilia. There is an "episcopal throne" on the southern flank of the altar and a decorative reredo or wall on its back


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: side dated to 1879; it has carvings of episodes related to the life of St.Paul, the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Magi, and the Flight into Egypt, all the work of Sir Arthur Blomfield. The parish hall within the premises of the cathedral is the venue for holding social functions. The eastern wall in the cathedral has paintings of the life of St.Paul, painted by Blomfield in 1886. Also notable is the font, with its sculpture of Bishop Heber in a kneeling posture. The cathedral's organ, with 41 stops, made by Joseph Willis and Sons of London, is still in


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: use. The cathedral complex also has a library, situated over the western porch, to dimensions of with a height of . It was built at the initiative of Bishop Wilson, who donated 8,000 of his books and manuscripts. Further donations of books to the library were from W.Gordon and Rev.J.Nath of the University of Oxford and the Calcutta Bible Society. The library also has a sculpture of Bishop Wilson made in marble. Entry to the cathedral is from the north through a large gate made of wrought iron called the Sir William Prentice Memorial Gate, which is named after Sir


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: William Prentice, who was a member of cathedral's congregation for many years. The cathedral is surrounded by a well-tended garden. In 1847, 63 species of trees had been planted in this garden. Bishop Daniel Wilson, who had requested burial in the cathedral and also that memorial tablets be placed at St.Pauls' Cathedral, in Bishop's College Chapel at Calcutta, and in the St Mary's Church, Islington. lies in an underground chamber of the cathedral, where a plaque conferred on him by Queen Victoria is also on display. Sir John Paxton Norman, an acting Chief Justice who was assassinated, is memorialized by


title: "St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata" content: a large, decorated plaque, surmounted by a cross, with an engraving depicting Justice with her scales against a background of tilework flowere evoking Judge Norman's interest in botany. Arthur William Garnett, an English engineer who died in India in 1861, was buried here. St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata St. Paul's Cathedral is a CNI (Church of North India) Cathedral of Anglican background in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, noted for its Gothic architecture. It is the seat of the Diocese of Calcutta. The cornerstone was laid in 1839; the building was completed in 1847. It is said to be the largest cathedral


title: "Executions during the Irish Civil War" content: was a riot when the bodies were brought back to Tralee, where the enraged relatives of the killed prisoners broke open the coffins as a statement of contempt for the Free State and its troops, and in an effort to identify the dead. This was followed by a series of similar incidents with mines within 24 hours of the Ballyseedy killings. Five Republican prisoners were blown up with another landmine at Countess Bridge near Killarney and four in the same manner at Cahersiveen. Another Republican prisoner, Seamus Taylor was taken to Ballyseedy woods by National Army troops and shot dead.


title: "Union Station (Utica, New York)" content: reductions in passenger traffic led to service cuts and the eventual bankruptcy of all three railroads, leaving only the mainline Water Level Route (the modern Amtrak Empire Corridor) with regular passenger service by the 1970s. Over time, all but the two centermost platforms were demolished, and the space originally occupied by the first seven station-side tracks was converted into passenger parking. The station's restoration began in 1978, but refurbishing/restoration work continues to this day. The building is listed on the NRHP, both as a stand-alone item and as part of Bagg's Square East National Register Historic District. The interior of


title: "Lafayette Square, St. Louis" content: and a gazebo that can be rented for picnics and events. In 2010 Lafayette Square's racial makeup was 80.5% White, 13.5% Black, 2.6% Asian, 2.6% Two or More Races, and 0.7% Some Other Race. 3.0% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. Lafayette Square, St. Louis Lafayette Square is a neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri, which is bounded on the north by Chouteau Avenue, on the south by Interstate 44, on the east by Truman Parkway, and on the west by South Jefferson Avenue. It surrounds Lafayette Park ("see below"), which is the city's oldest public park —


title: "El Chichón" content: (around 18%) along with trace amounts (less than 5%) of other components, such as CaO, NaO and FeO. For the El Chichón cloud, the optical depth has been measured to be around 0.3 around mid-visible wavelengths. The imaginary part of the refractive index, describing the attenuation of radiation for the 80 km sample, varies between 0.004 at 300 nm and 0.001 at 700 nm. Based on these results, the real part of the refractive index of the stratospheric El Chichon ash is estimated around 1.52, while the imaginary part is expected to be slightly less than the one measured for


title: "50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division" content: of them up to Lizerne, this was done by the morning of 29 May, forming the southern edge of the Dunkirk corridor. In contact with the Germans from the start the 50th Division was forced back and by late 30 May was in the eastern end of the Dunkirk perimeter. The division was reinforced by some remnants from the 23rd (Northumbrian) Division on 31 May, which were needed as the Germans continued to attack and shell the 50th Division's positions. Withdrawn to the beach on 1 June, the 151st Brigade was informed it may be used in a diversionary attack


title: "Francesco Accolti" content: the honor, had I not feared, that your preferment, by removing you from your school, would have hindered the progress of science." The reputation of Accolti was tarnished by the parsimony with which he amassed vast treasures. He wrote several treatises on law, and translated some of the writings of Chrysostom. Francesco Accolti Francesco Accolti (c. 1416 – 1488), also called Francesco d'Arezzo, was an Italian jurist. The brother of Benedetto Accolti, he professed jurisprudence at Bologna from 1440 to 1445, and afterwards at Ferrara, Siena, and Pisa. He possessed a strong understanding and powerful eloquence. The distinction which he


title: "The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck" content: However, the hungry fox-hounds eat Jemima's eggs. Jemima is escorted back to the farm in tears over her lost eggs, but, in time, lays more eggs and successfully hatches four ducklings. "The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck" is a tale of pursuit and prey. The theme runs through several of Potter's tales: Mr. McGregor pursues Peter Rabbit, Simpkin lies in wait for the mice in the tailor's shop, and the trout attempts to devour Jeremy Fisher. Potter was following the pattern of fairy tales by dwelling on the theme of pursuit and prey, and often pointed out that the tale of


title: "Features of the Marvel Universe" content: the Cube served as the base of operations for The Thunderbolts. In "", the Cube is a prison for gamma-powered supervillains like Leader, Abomination, Absorbing Man, Madman, the U-Foes, the Wrecking Crew, and Zzzax. The Ice Box is a Canadian maximum security prison. The Ice Box held a crime lord named Ivan the Terrible. The Ice Box first appeared in "Maverick" #8. It also appeared in the 2018 film "Deadpool 2", housing mutant fugitives such as Deadpool, Rusty Collins, Black Tom Cassidy, and Juggernaut (although his status as a mutant in the X-Men film universe is unknown). The Kyln were


title: "Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria" content: polyspecific and IgG-specific antiglobulin agents is usually negative, and that with C3-specific agent may be positive. On excluding warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA), the cold agglutinin titer should be examined for cold agglutinin disease (CAD). The diagnosis of PCH is suspected when both WAIHA and CAD are excluded. The complement level is usually low. Donath-Landsteiner test is the confirmatory test for PCH. It involves the cooling of the patient's serum to 4°C to allow the absorption of anti-P autoantibodies to the red cells, followed by warming to 37°C to activate complement fixation and hemolysis. Indirect DL test with addition of


title: Rogate content: inadequate and recommended for special measures. Both Rogate and Rake have village halls. The only pub in Rogate village is the "White Horse", following the closure of the "Wyndham Arms". "The Jolly Drover" at Hill Brow and "The Flying Bull" at Rake on the old London to Portsmouth road lie just within the parish and county boundary, which runs through the middle of "The Flying Bull" pub. In 2011 the "Sun Inn" closed and in 2012 planning permission was granted for conversion to two houses for residential use. Rake had another pub, now closed: "The Red Lion", opposite "The Flying


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: Tarnished plant bug The tarnished plant bug (TPB), "Lygus lineolaris", is a species of plant-feeding insect in the family Miridae. It has piercing-sucking mouthparts and has become a serious pest on small fruits and vegetables in North America. It is considered a highly polyphagous species and feeds on over half of all commercially grown crop plants, but favors cotton, alfalfa, beans, stone fruits, and conifer seedlings. A study done in southwestern Quebec, Canada has investigated the presence of "L. lineolaris" in a commercial vineyard. This study also indicated that weeds that grow from cultivation of crops serve as an important


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: food source for "L. lineolaris". This insect can be found across North America, from northern Canada to southern Mexico. Adults grow up to 6.5 mm in length, and are brown with accents of yellow, orange or red, with a light-colored "V" on the back (dorsal). "L. lineolaris" is most commonly found in the eastern half of North America. A study done to track the genetic diversity and overall distribution of "L. lineolaris", specifically on host plants, in North America sampled three separate populations of "L. lineolaris" and marked their DNA with mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase 1 and cytochrome oxidase 2.


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: The researchers wanted to examine whether the genetic differences found between "L. lineolaris" species were based on geographical factors. The results indicated significant differences in mtDNA among "L. lineolaris" species found across North America. Other evidence indicated that "L. lineolaris" species were found consistently on the same plant hosts but showed no specific preference for plant hosts. The presence of "L. lineolaris" has been documented in vineyards in Quebec. The results of the Fleury et al. (2010) study indicated that "L. lineolaris" adults prefer to over-winter in apple orchards because more adults were found inside of the vineyard during winter


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: months. In the summer months (mid-June), the adult "L. lineolaris" numbers decreased inside of the vineyard because of the decrease in apples and appearance of flowers. Another study observing whether geographical origin has an effect on fecundity, survivorship, hatch rate, and developmental time reported that geographical differences had no effect on the four factors. Pollen analysis has been used as another method of measuring dispersal in "L. lineolaris". Researchers used pollen grains as indicators of food sources being utilized by "L. lineolaris" as well as their movement between wild host plant habitats and cropping areas. The pollen grains found through


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: analysis indicated that they were from host plants of "L. lineolaris". The pollen grains further indicated that "L. lineolaris" spent time away from crops and instead were found on plants that were in wet or disturbed sites. Although it is known to feed on almost all commercial crops,"L. lineolaris" specifically prefers to feed on young apples and weeds. The TPB has a special mode of feeding called the "lacerate and flush" feeding strategy where it uses sucking mouthparts to inject saliva into the host plant. The saliva of the TPB contains an enzyme called polygalacturonase which degrades plant tissue and


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: pectin in the plant cell wall allowing for faster digestion. Researchers interested in examining other components of "L. lineolaris" saliva used illumina (Solexa) sequencing to discover the roles of proteins within saliva. They accomplish this via presenting a salivary gland transcriptome of the TPB. The researchers discovered TPB sialotranscriptome that played a role in extra-oral digestion. "L. lineolaris" utilize cotton plants as one of their main reproductive hosts. Females lay eggs in the first row of cotton plants and later occupy more plants in the field. The females usually lay eggs in May after the overwintering period. The eggs hatch


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: and nymphs begin to develop around June. Researchers have conducted experiments involving odourant-binding proteins (OBP) which allow for perception of odours in "L. lineolaris" and other insect groups. A study involved transcriptomics in order to investigate olfaction in "L. lineolaris" to reduce its harmful impacts on commercial crops. The transcriptomics approach indicated that there are 21 LylinOBP transcripts in the antennae, 12 in the legs and 15 in the proboscis. This further identified that these structures play an important role in insect olfaction and taste. Since the antennae are mainly responsible for direction, the presence of olfaction in the antennae


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: can allow for recognition of different substrates. The proboscis is mainly associated with taste therefore the OBP expression in the proboscis and maxillary palp sensilla may be associated with taste in "L. lineolaris". The visual system in "L. lineolaris" is not heavily investigated although it could provide insight into the different stimuli that allow these insects to discriminate food sources. A study investigated whether "L. lineolaris" adults showed distinctive visual responses to two different colours of sticky traps. The researchers decided to use pink and white sticky traps due to previous evidence indicating that pink sticky traps are the most


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: stimulating for "L. lineolaris" specifically in peach orchards. "L. lineolaris" were attracted to pink traps as compared with white traps. "L. lineolaris" have the ability to discriminate colour to an extent and could even detect colour contrast. The pink colour could have provided a better contrast against the peach-coloured background thereby attracting more "L. lineolaris" adults. There are numerous methods used to capture "L. lineolaris" in order to utilize these insects in scientific studies. Some studies involve capturing the TPB using traps. Researchers used white sticky traps in order to capture TPB in and around a Canadian vineyard. Compared to


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: other methods, sticky traps have been shown to be the most effective in collecting "L. lineolaris". Other traps involve using a bed sheet tied with a nylon rope around two metal poles to capture adult TPB. This method requires the use of an eppendorf tube to collect individual TPB for euthanizing purposes. Since adult "L. lineolaris" have been recorded to fly at about 40 to 100 cm above the ground in vineyards as well as other cultivated fruit crops, traps must be laid out at a height between 40 and 100 cm in order to capture the maximum amount of


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: insects. Sticky traps have been proven to capture "L. lineolaris" most effectively. Although traps are widely used to collect TPB, sweep nets are also effective in capturing these insects due their small size and tendency to rest on plant leaves. The sweep net method was specifically used for nymphal "L. lineolaris". Another study used sweep nets to capture "L. lineolaris" individuals off wild host plants while also using aspirators to place them into collection containers. Growers routinely make 3–5 applications of insecticides each year to control this insect. Considering the narrow profit margin for today's farmers, the cost of such


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: applications are significant. In the United States, there has been a total of 38% loss of cotton crops due to TPB population. There are approximately 4.1 insecticide applications per hectare annually in the U.S with an estimated cost of $110 per hectare. The increasing cost for insecticides for control of TPB is due to insecticide resistance that occurs in this population due to improper time management when spraying insecticide. "L. lineolaris" rely on weeds growing among cultivated crops in order to overwinter therefore application of herbicides on these weeds would serve as an effective control for these insects. To control


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: "L. lineolaris" population on strawberry plants, methods including insecticides have been used but recently biological controls are being implemented. Because numerous applications of insecticides are used for annual control of "L. lineolaris" population, there are studies done to examine the proper time period for these applications. One such study by Wood et al. (2016) examined different planting dates in order to determine the optimal time for TPB control on cotton plants. The results obtained from the study indicated that the first four weeks of flowering were the most effective in controlling for "L. lineolaris" because this is when most cotton


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: yield loss was observed. The researchers discovered through their results that it is more effective to terminate the insecticide earlier than to delay the administration of the insecticide at the beginning of the four-week period. Neonicotinoids are a family of insecticides which cause interference and blockage of the nicotinergic pathway in the central nervous system of insects. Imidacloprid is part of the neonictinoid family and has been used to control population of "L. lineolaris". Previously, a study has been conducted to examine the resistance developed by the TPB to imidacloprid. The results of the study indicated that there were changes


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: in gene expression which was related to resistance of imidacloprid. There was an over-expression of P450 and esterase genes which the researchers connected to imidacloprid resistance by "L. lineolaris". A similar study investigating "L. lineolaris" from two geographical regions in terms of differing developmental time, fecundity, hatch rate, and survivorship was conducted. The researchers were interested in examining the reasons for "L. lineolaris" being a more influential pest in the Delta region as compared with the Hills region of the Mississippi. Although there were no differences found in the development time, fecundity, hatch rate, and survivorship of the "L. lineolaris"


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: captured from the Delta and Hills regions, the researchers suggest that the larger area of the Delta region might have caused the "L. lineolaris" population to be subjected to more insecticides thereby having more resistance and causing more pest-related issues. In the mid 1980s, parasitic wasps, "Peristenus digoneutis", were imported from France and their establishment in the northeastern United States has resulted in reduction of crop losses to the TPB of up to 63% in alfalfa and 65% in apples. The University of Vermont Entomology Laboratory studied various entomopathogenic fungi for pathogenicity against TPB. The fungus "Beavaria bassiana" is sometimes


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: used to control TPB. Research has been conducted to determine the rate of parasitism by "B. bassiana" of "L. lineolaris" in strawberry and alfalfa host plants. The research, conducted in Iowa, suggested that "L. lineolaris" have a detrimental impact on strawberry fruits because feeding damage allows for a decrease in the market value of strawberries. Mowing and maintenance of weed plants can control for the population of "L. lineolaris" adults within crop fields and vineyards. Rainfall can be classified as a form of mechanical control of "L. lineolaris" because rain drops may knock individuals off plants and cause a reduction


title: "Tarnished plant bug" content: in their survival. The results from a study investigating the effects of rainfall on the nymphal population of "L. lineolaris" indicated that the number of nymphs decreased during the heavy rainfall years. During the years with heavy rainfall, there was also less parasitism of "L. lineolaris" by the parasitoid wasp "P. digoneutis". Due to their results that rainfall decreases "L. lineolaris" population, the researchers suggested that sprinkler irrigation should be used in alfalfa fields because it simulates rainfall. Tarnished plant bug The tarnished plant bug (TPB), "Lygus lineolaris", is a species of plant-feeding insect in the family Miridae. It has


title: "Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand" content: Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand is an online encyclopedia created by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage of the New Zealand Government. The project was established in 2002 and the website launched in 2005. Its first build was completed in October 2014. The encyclopedia was edited by historian Jock Phillips and had a staff of writers, editors, image and resource researchers and designers. It is organised by themes, and its first theme focused on telling the stories of New Zealanders. It covers the migration of peoples to New Zealand, and the


title: "Ed Foreman" content: He transferred to New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, where in 1955 he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering. From 1953 to 1956, Foreman was employed by Phillips Petroleum Company. From 1956 to 1957, he served in the United States Navy. He headed Foreman Brine Sales and Service in Odessa, Texas, from 1956 to 1962. He was formerly the president of Valley Transit Mix, Atlas Land Company, and Foreman Oil, Inc. In 1962, while he resided in Odessa, Foreman was elected to Congress from the 16th District in West Texas, which stretched from El Paso to


title: "Mika Vukona" content: 12 November 2017, Vukona played his 400th NBL game in an 88–82 win over the Perth Wildcats at Perth Arena. In April 2018, he joined the Nelson Giants for the first time since 2015. On 18 April 2018, Vukona signed a two-year deal with the Brisbane Bullets. Vukona and his wife, Vanessa, have two children together, daughter Gia and son Noah. Mika Vukona Mika John Vukona (born 13 May 1982) is a New Zealand professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He is also a regular New Zealand Tall Black and holds a


title: "Iva annua" content: Iva annua Iva annua, the annual marsh elder or sumpweed, is a North American herbaceous annual plant in the sunflower family. It is native to northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and to the central and southern United States, primarily the Great Plains and Mississippi Valley as far north as North Dakota. There are some populations in the eastern US, but these appear to represent introductions. "Iva annua" is an annual herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall. The plant produces many small flower heads in a narrow, elongated, spike-like array, each head with 11-17 disc florets but no ray florets. "Iva


title: "Iva annua" content: annua" was cultivated by Native Americans around 4,000 years ago in the central and eastern United States and specifically the indigenous peoples of the Kansas City Hopewell culture in present-day Missouri and Illinois, for its edible seed. The edible parts contain 32 percent protein and 45 percent oil. However, like its relative ragweed, sumpweed possesses many objectionable qualities which include being a severe potential allergen and possessing a disagreeable odor. Probably for these reasons it was abandoned once more pleasant alternatives (such as maize) were available, and by the time Europeans arrived in the Americas, had long disappeared as a


title: "Iva annua" content: crop. Iva annua Iva annua, the annual marsh elder or sumpweed, is a North American herbaceous annual plant in the sunflower family. It is native to northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and to the central and southern United States, primarily the Great Plains and Mississippi Valley as far north as North Dakota. There are some populations in the eastern US, but these appear to represent introductions. "Iva annua" is an annual herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall. The plant produces many small flower heads in a narrow, elongated, spike-like array, each head with 11-17 disc florets but no ray florets.


title: "Xbox 360 launch" content: were sold. By the end of 2005, Microsoft stated it sold roughly 23,000 units. As of January 1, 2008, the Xbox 360 has sold 9.15 million units in the US. Analysts believe Microsoft did not meet the original worldwide target of 2.75–3 million units sold in the first 90 days after launch, and Microsoft revised their initial 90-day estimate down to 2.5 million units, though their 6-month sales estimate remained unchanged at 4.5 to 5.5 million consoles. The Xbox 360 was released in Mexico on February 2, 2006. Retailers such as Liverpool, Wal-Mart, Blockbuster, Sam's Club, CompuDabo, Game Planet, gdGames


title: "Uniforms of the British Army" content: Uniforms of the British Army The uniforms of the British Army currently exist in twelve categories ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress (with full dress uniform and frock coats listed in addition). Uniforms in the British Army are specific to the regiment (or corps) to which a soldier belongs. Full dress presents the most differentiation between units, and there are fewer regimental distinctions between ceremonial dress, service dress, barrack dress and combat dress, though a level of regimental distinction runs throughout. Senior officers, of full colonel rank and above, do not wear regimental uniform (except when serving in the


title: "Tippmann C-3" content: Tippmann C-3 The Tippmann C-3 was the first propane powered paintball marker. It operates on a unique system Tippmann calls 'Propane Enhanced Performance'. The name 'C-3' may refer to the chemical formula of propane, C3H8. While traditional Paintball markers rely upon the expansion of an inert compressed gas (namely or air) for Paintball propulsion, the C-3 utilises the energy released in propane combustion. This is a simplified explanation of the C-3's firing system: The C-3 operates on a closed bolt system. As the pump is pulled back by the shooter, the bolt moves back to allow one paintball to fall


title: "All Nighter (bus service)" content: 801 (between Oakland and Fremont) in the East Bay, Muni route 14 in San Francisco (between Embarcadero and Daly City), and SamTrans route ECR on the Peninsula (between Daly City and San Francisco International Airport). Caltrain shadow service is provided by VTA route 22 (between Palo Alto and San Jose) and SamTrans route 397 (between San Francisco and Palo Alto, including stops at SFO). AllNighter service to San Francisco International Airport is provided by both SamTrans route ECR (operating on a shortened route to Daly City, where it connects with Muni) and SamTrans route 397. Service to Oakland International Airport


title: "1st Battalion, 11th Marines" content: detached from the 3rd Marine Brigade during December 1928. It were re-designated on 10 July 1930 to the 1st Battalion, 10th Marines. The battalion was assigned to the 1st Marine Brigade during September 1935. It was re-designated on 1 September 1940 as the 1st Battalion, 11th Marines. During October 1940, it was deployed to Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. On 1 February 1941, the 1st Marine Brigade was re-designated as the 1st Marine Division. The battalion relocated to New River, North Carolina during April 1941. 1st Battalion, 11th Marines was reassigned during March 1942 to the 3rd Marine Brigade. It was


title: "Kimberly M. Blaeser" content: awarded the 1993 Diane Decorah First Book Award from the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas, and she was the first critic to publish a book-length study of the fiction of her fellow White Earth Anishinaabeg writer, Gerald Vizenor. Her work is widely anthologized, and has been translated into several languages, including Spanish, Norwegian, Indonesian, and Anishinaabemowin. Blaeser has performed her poetry around the globe, having given readings of creative work at over two hundred different venues in a dozen different countries, including performances at the Borobudur Temple in Indonesia and in a Fire-Ceremony at the Borderlands Museum Grounds in


title: "Hou Yifan" content: participated in many extracurricular activities. She did well enough to be offered a Rhodes Scholarship, and will be studying for a MSc in Education at Oxford University in 2018. Compared to the best professional male players who dedicate their lives to chess, Hou's split focus puts her at a disadvantage. These competitors give her credit for what she has achieved in spite of her lack of preparation, and for her life outside of chess. However, they recognize that while Hou can probably remain the best female player in the world without extra effort, she cannot compete with the best male


title: "Dong Yun" content: with people, the burden of advising the emperor Liu Shan and speaking up on difficult issues largely rested on Dong Yun's shoulders. Dong Yun performed his duties well and did his best to plan ahead and preempt problems that could possibly arise. When Liu Shan wanted to have more concubines, Dong Yun pointed out that his imperial harem was already full and reminded him that according to historical precedent a ruler should have no more than 12 women in his harem. He also firmly refused to carry out the emperor's order to search for more women to join the harem.


title: "Loop quantum cosmology" content: gravitational singularities, as well as the development of effective semi-classical Hamiltonians. This subfield originated in 1999 by Martin Bojowald, and further developed in particular by Abhay Ashtekar and Jerzy Lewandowski, as well as Tomasz Pawłowski and Parampreet Singh, et al. In late 2012 LQC represents a very active field in physics, with about three hundred papers on the subject published in the literature. There has also recently been work by Carlo Rovelli, et al. on relating LQC to the spinfoam-based spinfoam cosmology. However, the results obtained in LQC are subject to the usual restriction that a truncated classical theory, then


title: "Clyde C. Holloway" content: dependent on his native Rapides and neighboring Avoyelles parishes. Holloway was estimated to have received 73 percent of the ballots of whites and 1 percent of the black vote. Holloway appeared to play into the racialized politics, giving an interview on the eve of the election that discussed Dr. Williams' violent assault and suggested that Averill Berman may have been a communist. In 1988, Williams and Holloway, as the two leaders in the primary, again squared off in the general election. Holloway was helped in his second congressional victory by the presence of the successful Republican presidential nominee, Vice President


title: "Suburban Reptiles" content: at Elam (Auckland University's Fine Arts School), was asked to join and the first serious lineup was formed. The members then, in the tradition of punk bands the world over, took stage names: Salter became, initially Jimmy Vinyl and later Jimmy Joy and Lino Clone; Elliot took Sally Slag but quickly became simply Zero (although to the band she was simply Zed); Nicholls was Shaun Anfrayd; Pendergrast naturally identified with his (highly strung) Buzz Adrenalin but opted for the more user friendly Billy Planet; Scott was Sissy Spunk; and Hough, though wanting Buzz, became Buster Stiggs. Grigg used the name


title: "Victor Henry Anderson" content: number of the circuses that performed in Oregon during the 1920s and 1930s had Africans in their travelling retinues. Anderson claimed that in 1932 he was initiated into a witchcraft group in Ashland that he called the Harpy Coven, although remains the only source testifying to the group's existence. Research into the coven was later conducted by Valerie Voigt, the coordinator of the Pagan, Occult, and Witchcraft Special Interest Group of the United States branch of Mensa, who was also one of Anderson's students and who asked him about the group. According to her claims, the group were led by


title: "Mace Brown" content: Mace Brown Mace Stanley Brown (May 21, 1909 – March 24, 2002) was an American professional baseball player. He appeared in Major League Baseball, largely as a relief pitcher, over ten seasons (1935–43; 1946) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Brooklyn Dodgers, and Boston Red Sox. Brown posted a 76–57 record with a 3.46 ERA and 44 saves in 387 appearances (55 as a starter). Brown was also a javelin thrower who attended the University of Iowa on a track scholarship. He started his professional baseball career after college. In 1934, he won 19 games for the Tulsa Oilers of the Texas


title: "Ossiach Abbey" content: first mentioned in 1215, built on the groundplan of a basilica, with the tower above the crossing. Restored in a Late Gothic style after a fire in 1484, the abbey, a member of the Benedictine Salzburg Congregation from 1641, was extensively altered in the Baroque period, including stucco decoration of the Wessobrunner School. Ossiach Abbey was dissolved by order of Emperor Joseph II in 1783, after which the buildings were used as a barracks. In 1816 the premises were largely demolished. Between 1872 and 1915 the few remaining buildings were again used as a barracks and as stabling. Since 1995


title: "Shelley Hennig" content: born in Metairie, Louisiana, lived in St. Rose, Louisiana and later moved to Destrehan, Louisiana. She is the daughter of Cathy Distefano Gosset and Glenn H. Hennig Sr. Hennig won the Miss Louisiana Teen USA 2004 in a state pageant held in Lafayette, Louisiana, in November 2003. This was the first time she competed in the state pageant. In August, Hennig represented Louisiana in the Miss Teen USA 2004 pageant held in Palm Springs, California. She won the Miss Teen USA title, becoming the first winner from Louisiana and the first girl from Louisiana to win a national title since


title: "Maria Elizabeth Muñoz" content: California on the Peace and Freedom Party ballot line, finishing third, with 166,600 votes for 1.71% of the total vote. Maria Elizabeth Muñoz Maria Elizabeth Muñoz, a Chicana activist, was a third-party candidate for Vice President of the United States in the United States presidential election, 1992, representing the New Alliance Party (NAP) as the running mate of Lenora Fulani. Muñoz also introduced her brother Fernando to the NAP, according to Fulani. Muñoz had been the Peace and Freedom Party candidate for Governor of California in the 1986 (51,995 votes 0.7%) and 1990 gubernatorial elections (88,707 Votes 1.3%). Fulani had


title: Cuicocha content: Cuicocha Cuicocha (Kichwa: "Kuykucha", "lake of guinea pigs" or "Kuychikucha", "rainbow lake") is a wide caldera and crater lake at the foot of Cotacachi Volcano in the Cordillera Occidental of the Ecuadorian Andes. Its name comes from the Kichwa indigenous language and means "Lago del Cuy" or Guinea Pig Laguna in English. It was given this name due to the guinea pig shape of the largest Island in the middle of the laguna. These animals play a significant part in the everyday life of Ecuadorians, as they reproduce rapidly and need a minimum of food and care to survive. They


title: Cuicocha content: make for a high protein meal especially for populations living in high altitude. The caldera was created by a massive eruption about 3100 years ago that generated about 5 cubic kilometres (6.54 billion cubic yards) of pyroclastic flow and covered the surrounding area in volcanic ash up to 20 cm (8 inches) deep. The volcano has been dormant since that time. In combination with other eruptions from nearby Imbabura, Mojanda, Cotacachi, and Cayambe, Cuicocha is responsible for the fertile soil of the Otavalo Valley. The Cuicocha Lake, a crater lake within the Cuicocha caldera contains four dacitic lava domes which


title: Cuicocha content: form two steep forested islands: "Yerovi", the smaller, and "Teodoro Wolf", the larger. People are prohibited on both. The rim of the caldera is extremely steep — so steep, in fact, that the accumulation of sediment is insufficient for most hydrophyte vegetation. An older lava dome from the Pleistocene forms part of the eastern rim. The lake, which is 200 m (656 ft) deep at its deepest point, is highly alkaline and contains little life. It has no known outlet. The intra-caldera islands, on the other hand, support some wildlife, most notably the silvery grebe, which lives around the reeds


title: Cuicocha content: and feeds on small fish, frogs, crayfish, small water snakes, seeds of water plants, and insects. The bird is found in upper temperate and lower páramo zones throughout the Andes, but little is known about the species. In 1974 a census was taken of the population of grebes at Cuicocha and 44 birds were found. Cuicocha forms the southern end of the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. During the second day of Inti Raymi (or Sun Festival) every summer solstice, indigenous shaman use Cuicocha as a bath for ritual cleansing and purification. Cuicocha Cuicocha (Kichwa: "Kuykucha", "lake of guinea pigs" or "Kuychikucha",


title: "Oakham railway station" content: may be introduced in the future. The initial London service had been due to start on 14 December 2008 but because of a delay in reaching agreement with the Department for Transport and the rolling stock operating company (ROSCO) for the four additional trains needed for the service EMT started the service around four months later. Prior to the Beeching Axe trains used to stop at a number of smaller village destinations in Rutland. These were closed between 1961 and 1966. The table below shows the train departures from Oakham on weekdays in July 1922. The basic services are Peterborough


title: "Dick Drago" content: terms of finishing games, and with 53 complete games, he ranks fifth in Kansas City history. Drago also pitched for the Angels and Orioles in part of two seasons, and returned to Boston for three solid years, saving 13 games with a 10-6 record in 1979. He ended his major league career with Seattle in 1981. On July 20, 1976, Drago gave up the last of Hank Aaron's then-major league record 755 career home runs. Dick Drago Richard Anthony "Dick" Drago (born June 25, 1945) is a former American League relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the


title: "Languedoc-Roussillon wine" content: French government responded to global warming concerns and relaxed some of the irrigation regulations. In 1999 severe weather had damaging effects on the wine producing industry, including hailstorms in May that affected Roussillon and a rain surge in mid November that saw a year's worth of rain fall in 36 hours in the areas of Corbières and Minervois in the western Languedoc. The composition of soil in the Languedoc varies from the chalk, limestone and gravel based soils inland to more alluvial soils near the coast. Some of the more highly rated vineyards are laid on top of ancient riverbed


title: Clairtone content: design popular until that time (and which Clairtone also manufactured). The Project G won a silver medal at the 1964 Milan Triannale and is now widely considered a design icon. Clairtone earned a reputation for combining modern designs with high-quality materials, and marketing them well. It opened its first international sales office in New York in 1960 and convinced Frank Sinatra and Oscar Peterson, among others luminaries, to endorse Clairtone's sound systems. "Listen to Sinatra on Clairtone stereo. Sinatra does," was one of the company's memorable tag lines. The Project G system was featured in the films "Marriage on the


title: "Catholic Church in Switzerland" content: Catholic Church in Switzerland The Catholic Church in Switzerland (, , ) is organised into six dioceses and two territorial abbeys, comprising approximately 3 million Catholics, about 38.6% of the Swiss population. The dioceses are: The two territorial abbeys, which do not belong to any bishopric, are In contrast to most Catholic dioceses, Swiss bishoprics are exempt, i.e. immediately subject to the jurisdiction of the Holy See, without any Metropolitan see. The bishops and the two territorial abbots are organised within the Swiss Bishops Conference whose chairman is the current Bishop of Sion, Norbert Brunner. In the last thirty years,


title: Automeccanica content: Automeccanica Automeccanica was a Greek automobile producing company. Founded in 1979, it was one of the companies that produced the "passenger-utility" type of vehicle popular in Greece at the time for tax categorization reasons. Its creators were former executives of "Autokinitoviomihania Ellados" (meaning 'Greek Car Industry') a company founded in 1975 to also produce vehicles of this type – it assembled Italian Fissore models based on Fiat products, as well as other Fiat models and variants. Automeccanica followed a different path, building the "Zebra" model, a passenger-utility car based on the "Daihatsu Charade", as well as assembling the "Charade" itself.


title: "The Clinton Chronicles" content: primarily on free speech and the ability to criticize public figures. Even though the judges overturned the ruling of defamation, they were critical of the film in their ruling, saying it blurred the lines between fact and fiction. A number of the incidents mentioned in "The Clinton Chronicles" continued to be investigated after its release. Paula Jones, who appeared in the film accusing Clinton of harassing her, sued the president for sexual harassment. The president paid Jones $850,000 to settle the case out of court. Special prosecutor Ken Starr was assigned to investigate a number of incidents mentioned in the


title: "Receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand" content: human M muscarinic receptor (hM) . Only two point mutations of hM were required to achieve a mutant receptor with nanomolar potency for CNO, insensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and low constitutive activity and this DREADD receptor was named hM3Dq. M and M muscarinic receptors have been mutated to create DREADDs hM1Dq and hM5Dq respectively . The most commonly used inhibitory DREADD is hM4Di, derived from the M muscarinic receptor that couples with the G protein . Another G coupled human muscarinic receptor, M, was also mutated to obtain the DREADD receptor hM2D . Another inhibitory G-DREADD is the kappa-opioid-receptor (KOR)


title: "Icelandic nationality law" content: Icelandic nationality is ranked 3rd in The Quality of Nationality Index (QNI). This index differs from the Henley Passport Index, which focuses on external factors including travel freedom. The QNI considers in addition to travel freedom on internal factors such as peace & stability, economic strength, human development as well. Icelandic nationality law Icelandic nationality law is based upon the principles of jus sanguinis. In other words, descent from an Icelandic parent is the primary method of acquiring Icelandic citizenship. Birth in Iceland to foreign parents does not in itself grant Icelandic citizenship. Icelandic law changed on 1 July 2003


title: "Nero Wolfe supporting characters" content: "The Golden Spiders" (1953), clothing store owner Bernard Levine states that he was shown "a New York detective license with his picture on it and his name, Orvald Cather." In chapter 3 of "If Death Ever Slept", Archie calls the office and Orrie answers the phone, "Nero Wolfe's residence. Orville Cather speaking." And, thinking he was clarifying the matter, Rex Stout's biographer John McAleer asked the author, "Is Orrie Cather's given name Orrin?" "Probably," Stout replied. In the A&E TV series "A Nero Wolfe Mystery" (2001–2002) and the series pilot, "The Golden Spiders: A Nero Wolfe Mystery" (2000), the role


title: "Julie Peasgood" content: most well known in this role for a 1990s advert for Bird's Eye Frozen Peas. In 2003, Peasgood was known as the "queen of the ad voice overs". On radio she has appeared in Galton and Simpson's "Impasse" on BBC Radio 2, in which she played Mrs Spooner, opposite Mitchell and Webb. She also played the leading role of Shirley in "Venus to Go" on BBC Radio 4. Peasgood is also a TV presenter, and won the Royal Television Society's TV Personality of the Year Award in 2004, for her series "Great Little Breaks". Other credits include "Bootsale Challenge", "Loose


title: "Scottish Daily News" content: Street building, agreed to take a basic £69 a week salary and the editor £150. Dorothy-Grace Elder, later an early Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) from 1999, became the editor of the women's section. The first issue sold out at over 300,000 copies. Although the broadsheet format was then believed by many employees to be a mistake, as reports had shown that the Scottish public preferred the tabloid format, the action committee, now called the executive council or works council, confidently expected circulation to fall to 220,000 within three weeks as the novelty of the newspaper wore off. However,


title: "Nils Middelboe" content: which led to the media naming him "The Great Dane". He was also well respected as a gentleman of the game. He is buried in the Cemetery of Holmen in Copenhagen. Middelboe made his senior debut for Kjøbenhavns Boldklub (KB) in 1903, at the age of 16. At KB, he played alongside his older brothers Einar Middelboe and Kristian Middelboe, of whom Kristian also played for the Danish national team. From 1904 to 1913 Nils won five KBU football championships with KB, while he also excelled in athletics competitions. He was a Danish triple jump and 4 x 100 metres


title: "1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series" content: race. Sterling Marlin would dominate the first race, leading 44 of 50 laps. His victory would ensure the 1994 Daytona 500 winner the 3rd starting spot on Sunday. Good finishes for Dave Marcis (10th), Joe Nemechek (12th), and Joe Ruttman (14th) assured them spots in the 500. In race 2, Earnhardt made it two-for-two for his Speedweeks, edging out Jeff Gordon for the victory. The race also contained two crashes. The first, on lap 15, collected Jimmy Spencer, Billy Standridge, and Loy Allen Jr. Allen was forced to fall back on his qualifying time, while Spencer and Standridge went home.


title: "Ebola Syndrome" content: Ebola Syndrome Ebola Syndrome (伊波拉病毒) is a 1996 Hong Kong Category III exploitation film starring Anthony Wong and directed by Herman Yau. Ah Kai is a wanted convict from Hong Kong who escapes to South Africa after killing his former boss and his boss's wife. In South Africa, he works at a Chinese restaurant and one day travels with his boss to a South African tribe that is infected with the Ebola virus. Kai sees a dying infected tribe member and rapes and kills her, contracting the virus. Kai, however, is immune to the infection. He becomes a living carrier,


title: "Royal Tasmania Regiment" content: separated and became the 1st and 2nd Battalions, The Tasmania Regiment. On 1 July 1960, The Tasmania Regiment was granted the Royal prefix and became The Royal Tasmania Regiment. The 12th/40th Battalion, The Royal Tasmania Regiment, is part of 9 Brigade, with battalion headquarters at Anglesea Barracks, Hobart, Alpha Company based in Launceston and Bravo Company at Warrane on Hobart's Eastern Shore. The battalion serves in the light infantry role as part of 2 Division, Australia's main home defence formation. The unit is proud of its history within the 9th Brigade and 2nd Division for performing at a consistently high


title: "Harsola copper plates" content: a revised transcript with translation in "Epigraphia Indica" Volume XIX (1927). The copper plates are rectangular in shape, and are inscribed only one side. The first copper plate of Grant A is 21.5 cm x 13 cm in size, and includes 16 lines. The second plate is of 21 cm x 8.5 cm in size, and contains 11 lines. Both the Grant B copper plates measure about 20 cm x 13 cm, and contain 16 and 13 lines respectively. Both the grants are written in Sanskrit language and Nagari script. The text is a mix of prose and poetry. Minus


title: "Who's Zoomin' Who?" content: which even someone like Franklin has trouble competing. In 1989, "Rolling Stone" ranked "Who's Zoomin' Who?" 85th on its 100 Best Albums of the Eighties listing. In the United States, "Who's Zoomin' Who?" debuted and peaked at number 13 on the "Billboard" 200, becoming Franklin's highest-charting album since "Young, Gifted and Black" had reached number eleven in 1972. It also reached number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The singer's biggest commercial in years, the album reached gold status by August and was eventually certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in December 1985, indicating sales


title: "Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded" content: described the novel's reception in an English village: "The blacksmith of the village had got hold of Richardson's novel of "Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded", and used to read it aloud in the long summer evenings, seated on his anvil, and never failed to have a large and attentive audience... At length, when the happy turn of fortune arrived, which brings the hero and heroine together, and sets them living long and happily... the congregation were so delighted as to raise a great shout, and procuring the church keys, actually set the parish bells ringing." The novel was also integrated into


title: "Tomoaki Honma" content: 2015 G1 Climax. After losing his first seven matches in the tournament, Honma finally picked up his first ever win in the tournament over Tomohiro Ishii on August 12. After losing his final match against Yujiro Takahashi, Honma again finished last in his block with a record of one win and eight losses. Honma's win over Ishii led to him unsuccessfully challenging Ishii for the NEVER Openweight Championship on November 7 at Power Struggle. In December, Honma and Makabe won their block in the 2015 World Tag League with a record of four wins and two losses, advancing to the


title: "Reactive airway disease" content: other when presented in very young children, since they both consist of wheezing, coughing, and nasal congestion. In addition, typical tests used to accurately diagnose children with asthma, such as the bronchial challenge test, are not considered to be accurate for children under the age of 5. This can be due to failure of very young children to cooperate. There also exists a certain "negative connotation" that comes with diagnosing a child with asthma, causing hesitancy from some physicians to do so. All of these factors lead physicians to label young children with RAD instead of asthma, since the disease


title: "Salicylate testing" content: bound, and unbound fluorescein. It is therefore possible to quantify the serum salicylate level through the signal strength—the amount of reflected light received. Salicylate testing Salicylate testing is a category of drug testing that is focused on detecting salicylates such as acetysalicylic acid for either biochemical or medical purposes. Salicylates can be identified by GC/MS, proton NMR, and IR. One of the first "in vitro" tests for aspirin was through the Trinder reaction. Aqueous ferric chloride was added to a urine sample, and the formation of the iron complex turned the solution purple. This test was not specific to acetylsalicylic


title: "Milos Konopasek" content: he developed a system called "Question Answering System on mathematical models" (QAS). He expected his system to be used by a broad range of non-computer professionals and non-mathematicians who apply math to their fields. Konopasek recognized that the new personal computer was an ideal vehicle for bringing his concept to the masses and developed a version of his system for them in 1977. In 1982, Software Arts commercialized TK!Solver based on his work. Konopasek was Senior Scientist at Software Arts while holding a visiting faculty position in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at M.I.T.; when TK!Solver was sold to Universal


title: "Joseph Schacht" content: vane as most if not all are inauthentic. According to Schacht, with the exception of "a few modifications dictated by the Qur'an", the Islamic "Sunna" is the same as the "sunna" of "pre-Mohammed Arabia". One example of the power of traditional law was that under the caliphate, theft was punished by flogging, even though the Qur'an had prescribed maiming/amputation. Schacht argues that in part the fabrication of ahadith came from "a literary convention, which found particular favor in Iraq", whereby authors/scholars would put their "own doctrine or work under the aegis of an ancient authority." The ultimate prestigious "ancient authority"


title: "Radial distribution function" content: auxiliary function formula_87 is known as the "cavity distribution function". One can determine formula_1 indirectly (via its relation with the structure factor formula_89) using neutron scattering or x-ray scattering data. The technique can be used at very short length scales (down to the atomic level) but involves significant space and time averaging (over the sample size and the acquisition time, respectively). In this way, the radial distribution function has been determined for a wide variety of systems, ranging from liquid metals to charged colloids. It should be noted that going from the experimental formula_89 to formula_1 is not straightforward and


title: "No. 2 Road Bridge" content: Olympic Oval, is located at the southern foot of the bridge, to the east. The bridge’s name is a result of a contest where residents were given the opportunity to name the bridge. Although several names were submitted, Number 2 Road Bridge was the winning name as majority of the residents agreed that it was the most appropriate and logical name since the bridge drives to one of Richmond’s main arterial route, Number 2 Road. No. 2 Road Bridge The No. 2 Road Bridge is a low-level four-lane bridge in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. It connects Sea Island, where the


title: "Alan Lasee" content: the Wisconsin Legislature. Alan's younger cousin, Frank Lasee won this open seat in the November 2010 election. Alan Lasee Alan Lasee (born July 30, 1937) is an American politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Wisconsin's 1st Senate District. He is a member of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He also ran for county executive of Brown County in 2007. Lasee was born in Rockland, Brown County, Wisconsin and attended St. Norbert High School. He is married and has six children. He is a former dairy farmer and member of many Brown County, Wisconsin organizations. He


title: "Cal Poly Pomona College of Engineering" content: Cal Poly Pomona College of Engineering The Cal Poly Pomona College of Engineering is the engineering college at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona or Cal Poly) located in Pomona, California, United States. Known for its "learn by doing" philosophy, the college's motto is: ""Learn by Doing: Making Imagination Real"". Cal Poly Pomona has one of the top engineering college among public schools in California and, with over 5,600 students (as of fall 2015), it is also the largest engineering college in Southern California, the second largest college of engineering in the California State University system, and the


title: "Iraqi Perspectives Project" content: calculus was based on misinformation and faulty judgment about the country's confrontation with the United States. For example, the authors wrote: "As far as can be determined from the interviews and records reviewed so far, there was no national plan to embark on a guerrilla war in the event of a military defeat. Nor did the regime appear to cobble together such a plan as its world crumbled around it. Buoyed by his earlier conviction that the Americans would never dare enter Baghdad, Saddam hoped to the very last minute that he could stay in power. And his military and


title: "Degrees of glory" content: marriage to a spouse will be permitted to enter into the highest degree of celestial kingdom. These individuals will eventually become "exalted" It is believed that this cannot be comprehended in the world; rather, it is said that the learning and understanding of salvation and exaltation will occur even beyond the grave. Like other ordinances, the sealing to a spouse may occur during mortal life or may be accepted by the parties in the afterlife and performed by proxy in a temple. The nature of the lower two degrees within the celestial kingdom have not been described, except to say


title: "Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan" content: at the parish hall by playing cards and games, and feasting. The park holds a Saskatchewan mystery. The site is home to over 300 petroglyphs, which contain carvings of bison footprints, elk, deer, bear and bird tracks, and human faces. Visitors can camp among the coulees that are lined with white poplar, ash, maple and American elm at the neighboring Sylvan Valley Regional Park. Camping is also available six kilometers southwest of town at Jean-Louis Légaré Regional Park. The golf club is near the campsite that sits within the park. The land was bought for $4,000 and development began in


title: "Tropical Storm Hanna (2002)" content: and at Embry. Although the heaviest rainfall was mostly confined to southwestern parts of the state, precipitation was widespread within a northwest–northeast feeder band over central and northern Georgia. Associated with the band was up to of rainfall in a matter of hours, as well as gusty thunderstorms. The highest rainfall totals from this individual band were limited to an area north of a line from Atlanta to Athens. The heavy rainfall helped to relieve a persistent drought, bringing vegetation back to life. However, climatologists determined that the rainfall did not fully alleviate the dry conditions. The band of thunderstorms


title: "Mshatta Facade" content: Mshatta Facade The Mshatta Facade is the decorated part of the facade of the 8th century Umayyad residential palace of Qasr Mshatta, one of the Desert Castles of Jordan, which is now installed in the south wing of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the permanent exhibition of the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art dedicated to Islamic art from the 8th to the 19th centuries. This was only a relatively small section of the full length of the facade, surrounding the main entrance; most of the wall was undecorated and remains "in situ". The facade belonged


title: "Mshatta Facade" content: to the Qasr Mshatta or Mshatta palace, which was excavated about 30 km south of the contemporary Jordanian capital of Amman. It is thought to have served as a winter residence and storage halls during the Umayyad period. The building of the palace probably dates to the era of the caliph Al-Walid II (743-744). After Al Walid was murdered, it was left incomplete and later ruined in an earthquake. The sections of the outer wall remaining "in situ" are much plainer. Unusually for an Umayyad building, the main structures are built from burnt bricks resting on a foundation layer of


title: "Mshatta Facade" content: finely dressed stone; the carved facade is also in stone. The name of the place, Mshatta, is a name used by the modern Bedouins in the area, and the original name remains unknown. The remains of the palace were excavated in 1840. The facade was a gift from the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II to Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. A large part of it was brought to the then Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum (now the Bode Museum) in Berlin in 1903. It was reconstructed as a 33 metres long, 5 metres high facade, with two towers, and parts of a central gateway.


title: "Mshatta Facade" content: In 1932 it was reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum. It was seriously damaged during the Second World War and the bombardment of Berlin. Today, it is one of the most important exhibits of the "Museum für Islamische Kunst" in the Pergamon Museum, and a key monument of early Islamic art and architecture, demonstrating early forms of the arabesque, millefleur and also animals carved in relief. There has been much discussion of the fact that the decoration on the left side of the facade contains many animals among the foliar forms, while on the right of the entranceway in the centre


title: "Mshatta Facade" content: there are no animals. It has been suggested that this is because the right-hand side was the outside wall of the mosque. Mshatta Facade The Mshatta Facade is the decorated part of the facade of the 8th century Umayyad residential palace of Qasr Mshatta, one of the Desert Castles of Jordan, which is now installed in the south wing of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany. It is part of the permanent exhibition of the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art dedicated to Islamic art from the 8th to the 19th centuries. This was only a relatively small section of the


title: "Cardiac Arrest (TV series)" content: the organisational level a new hospital administrator, Paul Tennant (Nicholas Palliser), demands ever more efficiency from the medical staff, placing Andrew on ear nose and throat (ENT) duties even though he has no training in the required skills, and instructing Claire to abandon extended resuscitation of a hypothermia patient in order to fulfil her clinic duties. While Claire is covering for Andrew one night in Casualty, a haemophiliac man is brought in with a nosebleed and bleeds to death because Claire is not trained in ENT, no trained staff are available and she cannot stop the bleeding. Claire exposes the


title: "Kiss Me Deadly (album)" content: recorded and did not play on the record. On several of the songs, different guitarists worked in combination, alternating between lead and rhythm, creating a dynamic fusion of differing playing styles. New played the lead guitar on "Dancing With Myself", including the solo. James recalled, "McGeoch said, 'Oh I'll come down and help out'. He rehearsed for three weeks and did the majority of the record with us. Jonesy came back from Thailand and supplied "Bollocks" on some tracks - patented Jonesy "Bollocks" - and he was really good on the raunchy stuff. Danny Kustow did a bit on the


title: "The Scissors" content: well as horizontal plane. As the attacking aircraft makes its failed attack and overshoots, the bandit immediately initiates a pull-up (a "zoom" climb, trading airspeed for altitude) into the vertical to further aggravate the attacker's overshoot by slowing the bandit's speed while maintaining its total energy, and increasing the speed of separation of the two aircraft. Both of these factors contribute to a larger overshoot, and an increased offensive potential for the bandit. Then the bandit rolls his aircraft toward the attacker (In ACM terminology this is called "putting his lift vector" on the opponent. The lift vector is more


title: "Chimaphila maculata" content: Chimaphila maculata Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen, also called striped wintergreen, striped prince's pine, spotted pipsissewa, ratsbane, or rheumatism root) is a small (10–25 cm tall), perennial evergreen herb native to eastern North America and Central America, from southern Quebec west to Illinois, and south to Florida and Panama. It has dark green, variegated leaves 2–7 cm in length, and 6–26 mm in width. The variegation of the leaves arises from the distinct white veins contrasted with the dark green of the leaf. The stems emerge from creeping rhizomes. The nearly round flowers, which appear in late July to early August,