title: "Peter Aerts" content: his victory, Aerts qualified for his 15th consecutive K-1 World Grand Prix . The "K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 Final" was held on December 8, 2007 at the Yokohama Arena. After a quick knockout of Junichi Sawayashiki in the quarter-finals, he met two-time K-1 World Grand Prix winner Remy Bonjasky in the semis and dominated him en route to a unanimous decision (30-29, 30-27, 30-28) win which would take him into the final for a rubber match with defending champion Sem Schilt. Midway through the first round, Aerts went down in pain clutching his right knee. He was unable to


title: "Franklin Regional School District" content: unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011-2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the


title: "Classification of electromagnetic fields" content: angle as Minkowski spacetime. To simplify the notation, we will assume the spacetime "is" Minkowski spacetime. This tends to blur the distinction between the tangent space at "p" and the underlying manifold; fortunately, nothing is lost by this specialization, for reasons we discuss as the end of the article. The classification theorem for electromagnetic fields characterizes the bivector "F" in relation to the Lorentzian metric by defining and examining the so-called "principal null directions". Let us explain this. The bivector "F" yields a skew-symmetric linear operator defined by lowering one index with the metric. It acts on the tangent space


title: "Def Jam Recordings" content: Jam's executive vice president of A&R at Def Jam between 2012 and 2014. No I.D. upholded the position of executive vice president after helping to establish GOOD Music with Kanye West. No I.D. is now the executive vice president of Capitol Music Group. On April 1, 2014, it was announced that Island Def Jam would no longer be active following the resignation of CEO Barry Weiss. A press release serviced by Universal Music Group stated that IDJMG, and all of its assets would be reorganized into Def Jam Recordings, Island Records and Motown Records, all as separate entities. Def Jam


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: Wright Brothers National Memorial Wright Brothers National Memorial, located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, commemorates the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine. From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came here from Dayton, Ohio, based on information from the U.S. Weather Bureau about the area's steady winds. They also valued the privacy provided by this location, which in the early twentieth century was remote from major population centers. Authorized as Kill Devil Hill Monument on March 2, 1927, it was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. Congress


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: renamed it and designated it a national memorial on December 4, 1953. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the national memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The memorial's visitor center, designed by Ehrman Mitchell and Romaldo Giurgola, was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001. The memorial is co-managed with two other Outer Banks parks, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. The Wrights made four flights from level ground near the base of the hill on December 17, 1903, following three


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: years of gliding experiments from atop this and other nearby sand dunes. It is possible to walk along the actual routes of the four flights, with small monuments marking their starts and finishes. Two wooden sheds, based on historic photographs, recreate the world's first airplane hangar and the brothers' living quarters. The Visitor Center is home to a museum featuring models and actual tools and machines used by the Wright brothers during their flight experiments including a reproduction of the wind tunnel used to test wing shapes and a portion of the engine used in the first flight. In one


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: wing of the Visitor Center is a life-size replica of the Wright brothers' 1903 Flyer, the first powered heavier-than-air aircraft in history to achieve controlled flight (the original being displayed at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.). A full-scale model of the Brothers' 1902 glider is also present, having been constructed under the direction of Orville Wright himself. Adorning the walls of the glider room are portraits and photographs of other flight pioneers throughout history. The visitor center's Modern design was a departure from the National Park Service's earlier, more traditional buildings, and was built as part


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: of its "Mission 66" modernization and expansion program. As the first major building of that effort, it was a high-profile success, bringing critical notice for its Modern design and launching the careers of its designers. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 for its architecture and its importance to the Park Service's program. A 60-foot (18 m) granite monument, dedicated in 1932, is perched atop 90-foot-tall (27 m) Kill Devil Hill, commemorating the achievement of the Wright brothers. They conducted many of their glider tests on the massive shifting dune that was later stabilized to form Kill Devil


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: Hill. Inscribed in capital letters along the base of the memorial tower is the phrase "In commemoration of the conquest of the air by the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright conceived by genius achieved by dauntless resolution and unconquerable faith." Atop the tower is a marine beacon, similar to one found in a lighthouse. The doors of the tower are stainless steel over nickel, with a price of $3,000 in 1928. The six relief panels represent the conquest of the air: Left Door (top to bottom): The contraptions of the French locksmith Besnier, who thought he could fly if he


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: propelled himself into the air while wearing paddles on his arms and legs; An homage to Otto Lilienthal, a German who died while conducting gliding experiments; A reference to a French philosopher who thought that since dew rose in the morning, if it could be placed in an expandable bag attached to a box and sail, it would naturally rise when placed in the sun. (It didn't.) Right Door (top to bottom): Icarus, the Greek mythological figure who tried to fly from Crete by attaching feathers to his arms with wax. He fell when he flew too close to the


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: sun, melting the wax; Bird flight to plane flight, or the rise of a phoenix; Kites used by the Wrights and others in early experiments The tower was designed by Rodgers and Poor, a New York City architectural firm; the design was officially selected on February 14, 1930. Prior to the memorial's construction, the War Department selected Captain William H. Kindervater of the Quartermaster Corps to prepare the site for construction and to manage the area landscaping. To secure the sandy foundation, Captain Kindervater selected bermuda grass to be planted on Kill Devil Hill and the surrounding area. He also


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: ordered a special fertilizer to be spread throughout the area to promote grass and shrubbery growth and decided to build a fence to prevent animal grazing. With a strong foundation in place, the Office of the Quartermaster selected Marine Captain John A. Gilman to preside over the construction project. Construction began in October 1931 and with a budget of $213,000, the memorial was completed in November 1932. In the end, 1,200 tons of granite, more than 2,000 tons of gravel, more than 800 tons of sand and almost 400 tons of cement were used to build the structure, along with


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: numerous other materials. It is constructed of granite mined at the North Carolina Granite Corporation Quarry Complex. November 14, 1932, was selected as the dedication day. Over 20,000 people were expected to attend the event, yet only about 1,000 showed up, which was held on a stormy and windy day. Orville Wright was the main guest of honor at the ceremony, and aviator Ruth Nichols was given the privilege of removing the American flag that covered the word "GENIUS" and the plaque on the monument. President Herbert Hoover was unable to attend the ceremony; however, a letter from the President


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: was read prior to the dedication. The ceremony also marked the rare occasion when one of the persons the memorial was dedicated to (Orville Wright) was still living. The hill offers great views of the surrounding area. In 2008, the memorial, long plagued by seepage problems, was refurbished and better water control measures were installed. Interior lighting was improved and a steel map of early aviation flights restored. Visitors occasionally may ascend the tower by reservation. On December 17, 2003, the Centennial of Flight was celebrated at the Park. The ceremony was hosted by flight enthusiast John Travolta, and included


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: appearances by President George W. Bush, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Chuck Yeager. The Centennial Pavilion was built for the celebration and housed exhibits showing the Outer Banks at the turn-of-the-century, the development of the 2003 replica, and NASA provided displays on aviation and flight. The Centennial Pavilion closed in 2014 and is slated to be demolished due to budget constraints. An interactive sculpture was donated by the State of North Carolina and dedicated during the celebration. The life sized sculpture, created by Stephen H. Smith, is a full-sized replica of 1903 flyer the moment the flight began and includes


title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: the Wright Brothers along with members of the Kill Devils Hills Life-Saving Station who assisted in moving the aircraft, as well as John T. Daniels who took the now famous photograph of the first flight. Curiously the sculpture correctly has a criss-crossed chain driving the port propeller but incorrectly has this propeller being identical to, rather than a mirror image of, the starboard propeller. Wright Brothers National Memorial Wright Brothers National Memorial, located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, commemorates the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine. From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came here


title: "Formalism (literature)" content: Formalism (literature) Formalism is a school of literary criticism and literary theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text. It is the study of a text without taking into account any outside influence. Formalism rejects or sometimes simply "brackets" ("i.e.", ignores for the purpose of analysis) notions of culture or societal influence, authorship, and content, and instead focuses on modes, genres, discourse, and forms. In literary theory, formalism refers to critical approaches that analyze, interpret, or evaluate the inherent features of a text. These features include not only grammar and syntax but also literary devices such


title: "Carl Parcher Russell" content: Carl Parcher Russell Carl Parcher Russell, historian, ecologist, and administrator, was born January 18, 1894 in Fall River, Wisconsin. He joined the National Park Service (NPS) in 1923 as a Naturalist in Yosemite National Park. In 1931 he received a Ph.D. in Ecology from the University of Michigan. He served as an officer for the NPS for 34 years, from 1923 until his retirement in 1957. He was the Chief Naturalist of Yosemite from 1923 to 1929. He specialized in frontier history, studying its material culture in minute detail, and documented pioneer life for the NPS and others. Dr. Russell


title: "The Stephanie Miller Show" content: April 2005. Until the end of 2013, Miller's show was broadcast from the KTLK studios in Los Angeles, when the station's owner Clear Channel (now IHeart Radio), announced that it was changing formats from progressive talk to conservative talk. Miller and her business partner Ron Hartenbaum, the founder of WYD Media Management (often referred to by Miller as the "owner of the show who is trying to kill me for the insurance money"), decided they could not continue to rely on corporate broadcast entities for studio space, and Miller built a studio in the basement of her home at her


title: "Crossroads Centre" content: privacy and peace. Hans Smit, an Antiguan philanthropist and jeweler said Crossroads is the only drug rehabilitation program on the island of 80,000 people. At a time when drug trafficking and addiction rates are soaring in the Caribbean, the facility will treat locals for almost nothing. Clapton’s target is to have one-third of the beds reserved for the Caribbean island people, but particularly Antiguans, because Eric loves Antiguans. about 15 percent of the beds go to poor people from Antigua and Barbuda. “Now Clapton is repaying Antigua for its kindness—and sacrificing some of his treasured privacy,” says Mark Fineman in


title: "Corcovado National Park" content: sand and no sizable river crossings. Corcovado is home to a sizable population of the endangered Baird's tapir and even a small population of the very rare harpy eagle. The park's rivers and lagoons are home to populations of both the American crocodile and spectacled caiman, along with bull sharks. Corcovado is also one of the final strongholds of the jaguar within Central America and several other felines are also present, including ocelot, margay, jaguarundi, and puma. All four Costa Rican monkey species can be seen within the park, including the endangered Central American squirrel monkey, white-faced capuchin, mantled howler,


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: Mexican beaded lizard The Mexican beaded lizard ("Heloderma horridum") is a species of lizard in the family Helodermatidae, one of the two species of venomous beaded lizards found principally in Mexico and southern Guatemala. It and its congener (member of the same genus) the Gila monster ("Heloderma suspectum") are the only lizards known to have evolved an overt venom delivery system. The Mexican beaded lizard is larger than the Gila monster, with duller coloration, black with yellowish bands. As it is a specialized predator that feeds primarily upon eggs, the primary use of its venom is still a source of


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: debate among scientists. However, this venom has been found to contain several enzymes useful for manufacturing drugs in the treatment of diabetes, and research on the pharmacological use of its venom is ongoing. Threatened throughout its range by overcollection and habitat loss, it is a CITES protected species. The Guatemalan beaded lizard ("H. charlesbogerti" ) is one of the rarest lizards in the world, with a wild population of fewer than 200. The beaded lizards have one close living relative, the Gila monster ("H. suspectum"), as well as many extinct relatives in the Helodermatidae, whose genetic history may be traced


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: back to the Cretaceous period. The genus "Heloderma" has existed since the Miocene, when "H. texana" ranged over most of North America. Because the helodermatids have remained relatively unchanged morphologically, they are occasionally regarded as living fossils. Although the beaded lizard appears closely related to the monitor lizards (varanids) of Africa, Asia, and Australia, the wide geographical separation and unique features not found in the varanids indicate the beaded lizard is better placed in a separate family. The species was first described in 1829 by Arend Wiegmann as "Trachyderma horridum", but he renamed it "Heloderma horridum" six months later. Its


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: generic name "Heloderma" means "studded skin", from the Ancient Greek words "hêlos" (ἧλος)—the head of a nail or stud—and "dérma" (δέρμα), meaning skin. Its specific name, "horrĭdum", is the Latin word meaning rough or rude. The four subspecies of beaded lizard, elevated to full species in 2013, are: Adult beaded lizards range from in length. They are substantially larger than the Gila monster, which only reaches lengths of . The snout-to-vent length of a beaded lizard averages . The average body mass of an adult beaded lizard is , about 45% heavier than the average mass of a gila monster,


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: with large specimens exceeding . Maximum weight known is Although males are slightly larger than females, the lizards are not sexually dimorphic. Both males and females are stocky with broad heads, although the males' tend to be broader. The beaded lizard's scales are small, beadlike, and not overlapping. Except for the lizard's underside, the majority of its scales are underlaid with bony osteoderms. Their base color is black and marked with varying amounts of yellow spots or bands, with the exception of "H. alvarezi", which tends to be all black in color. The beaded lizard has a short tail which


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: is used to store fat so it can survive during months of estivation. Unlike many other lizards, this tail does not autotomize and cannot grow back if broken. The beaded lizard has a forked, pink tongue which it uses to smell, with the help of a Jacobson's organ; it sticks its tongue out to gather scents and touches it to the opening of the organ when the tongue is retracted. Beaded lizards are found in the Pacific drainages from southern Sonora to southwestern Guatemala and two Atlantic drainages, from central Chiapas to southeastern Guatemala. Their habitats are primarily in the


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: desert, tropical deciduous forests and thorn scrub forests, but are found in pine-oak forests, with elevations from sea level to 1500 m. In the wild, the lizards are only active from April to mid-November, spending about an hour per day above the ground. The Mexican beaded lizard "H. horridum" is found in Mexico, from Sonora to Oaxaca. The Rio Fuerte beaded lizard ("H. exasperatum") is found from southern Sonora to northern Sinaloa. The Chiapan beaded lizard ("H. alvarezi") is found in the northern Chiapas and the depression of the Río Lagartero in Huehuetenango to northwestern Guatemala. The ranges of these


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: three species overlap, making them sympatric. The Guatemalan beaded lizard ("H. charlesbogerti") is the only allopatric one, separated from the nearest population ("H. alvarezi") by 250 km of unsuitable habitat. The Guatemalan beaded lizard is the most endangered of the species, if not of all lizards; it is found only in the dry valley of the Río Motagua in northeastern Guatemala; less than 200 are believed to exist in the wild. The beaded lizard is a specialized vertebrate nest predator, feeding primarily on bird and reptile eggs. A semi-arboreal species, it is found climbing deciduous trees in search of prey


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: when encountered above ground. It occasionally preys upon small birds, mammals, frogs, lizards, and insects. Steve Angeli and Robert Applegate, noted captive breeders of the beaded lizard, have remarked that captive specimens do best on a diet of small vertebrates such as mice and rats. Confiscated wild-caught specimens can be made to feed by using egg on the prey item. The venom glands of the beaded lizard are modified salivary glands located in the reptile's lower jaw. Each gland has a separate duct leading to the base of its grooved teeth. When biting, the beaded lizard hangs on its victim


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: and chews to get its venomous saliva into the wound. Although its jaw grip is strong, its unsocketed teeth are easily broken off at their bases. The beaded lizard's venom is a weak hemotoxin, and although human deaths are rare, it can cause respiratory failure. It consists of a number of components, including L-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A, serotonin, and highly active kallikreins that release vasoactive kinins. The venom contains no enzymes that significantly affect coagulation. Almost all documented human bites (eight in the past century) have resulted from prodding captive lizards with a finger or bare foot. While


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: invertebrates are essentially immune to the effects of this venom, effects on vertebrates are more severe and varied. In mammals such as rats, major effects include a rapid reduction in carotid blood flow followed by a marked fall in blood pressure, respiratory irregularities, tachycardia, and other cardiac anomalies, as well as hypothermia, edema, and internal hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, eyes, liver, and kidneys. In humans, the effects of bites are associated with excruciating pain that may extend well beyond the area bitten and persist up to 24 hours. Other common effects of bites on humans include local edema


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: (swelling), weakness, sweating, and a rapid fall in blood pressure. Beaded lizards are immune to the effects of their own venom. Some compounds in its venom have been shown to have pharmacological properties relating to the possible treatment of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and even HIV. One compound, a hormone named exendin-3, is marketed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals as the drug exenatide. A study in 1996 revealed that it binds to cell receptors in breast cancer cells and may stop the growth of lung cancer cells. The beaded lizard becomes sexually mature at six to eight years and mates between September and


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: October. Males engage in ritual combat that often lasts several hours; the victor mates with the female. The female lays her clutch of two to 30 eggs between October and December, the clutch hatching the following June or July. Young lizards are seldom seen. They are believed to spend much of their early lives underground, emerging at two to three years of age after gaining considerable size. The beaded lizard is surrounded by myth and superstition in much of its native range. It is incorrectly believed, for example, to be more venomous than a rattlesnake, can cause lightning strikes with


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: its tail, or make a pregnant woman miscarry by merely looking at her. As a result of this superstition, locals often kill the lizard on sight. The seldom-seen lizard is poached and sold into the illegal exotic animal trade. It does not reproduce well in captivity, and its scarcity means a high price for collectors. As a direct result, the beaded lizard is protected by Mexican law under the category A (Threatened), and it dwells within the range of several protected areas. In Guatemala, it is protected by national legislation, and part of its range is within protected areas. It


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Fewer than 200 lizards remain in the dry forest habitat of the Motagua Valley, and this species of beaded lizard ("H. charlesbogerti") was facing extinction due to local extermination and loss of habitat for agricultural purposes. A conservation effort has been launched known as Project Heloderma to preserve the semiarid habitat of the Motagua Valley by the Nature Conservancy and partners such as ZOOTROPIC, CONAP, the International Reptile Conservation Foundation, Lincoln Park Zoo, Zoo Atlanta, and the San Diego Zoo. This effort has been successful in getting the Guatemalan government to list the


title: "Mexican beaded lizard" content: beaded lizard under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species as an Appendix I animal, making it illegal to export the species. Mexican beaded lizard The Mexican beaded lizard ("Heloderma horridum") is a species of lizard in the family Helodermatidae, one of the two species of venomous beaded lizards found principally in Mexico and southern Guatemala. It and its congener (member of the same genus) the Gila monster ("Heloderma suspectum") are the only lizards known to have evolved an overt venom delivery system. The Mexican beaded lizard is larger than the Gila monster, with duller coloration, black with yellowish


title: "Type 89 grenade discharger" content: small openings without the danger of premature detonation in the event the grenade struck an object on its way to the target. Although the Type 89 could be fired by a single person, it was typically operated with a crew of 3, enabling it to reach a rate of fire of about 25 rounds per minute. The Type 89 discharger could also be used with a more powerful impact-detonated shell approaching the power of a light mortar. Weighing approximately two pounds (approx. 900 g), it was known as the Type 89 50mm shell, and was made in high explosive (HE),


title: "Shikarpur, Sindh" content: of schemes in drainage, health and other sectors have been completed, under various programs. Basically, agrarian economy of district Shikarpur is dependent upon non-perennial irrigation system, so the district is always in semi-drought conditions. The last spell of drought is particularly notable as it created heavy unemployment and unsustainable poverty, which without any doubt created serious law and order situations. The District is bounded on the north and east by Jacobabad District in the south by Sukkur District on the west by Indus River and Larkana District. The town consists of eight gates and one window named Lakhi-dar, Hathi-dar, Hazari-dar,


title: "Lake Suwa" content: Lake Suwa The lake is the source of the Tenryū River. It ranks 24th in lake water surface area in Japan. The cities of Suwa and Okaya and the town of Shimosuwa are located on the shores of Lake Suwa. Lake Suwa is the site of a natural phenomenon known as the . The lake has a natural hot spring under its surface. When the lake's surface freezes in the winter, its lower waters are still circulating. This results in ice pressure ridges forming in the surface ice, reaching heights of or more. Local Shinto tradition holds that the ridges


title: "Lake Suwa" content: are formed by the gods crossing the lake, when travelling between the various buildings of the Suwa Grand Shrine. Folklore says it is the guardian god of Suwa, Takeminakata-no-kami, leaving his sanctuary to meet with his wife, the goddess Yasakatome, joining the opposite bank by walking on frozen water. Research on ice breakup on the lake and at the mouth of the Torne River in Finland suggested "global processes including climate change and variability are driving the long-term changes in ice seasonality." Lake Suwa The lake is the source of the Tenryū River. It ranks 24th in lake water surface


title: "Raulín Rodríguez" content: Si Yo Pudiera Popurrí: Olvido / Ahora Seremos Felices Me Olvidé de Vivir Ya No No Quiero Hacerte Daño Respeta Mi Dolor Bomba Live (2002) Vol. 2 Que Me la Devuelva Arráncame la Vida Me la Pusieron Difícil Espérame La Despedida Quisiera Ser la Cama Quiero Ser de Ti Dos Mujeres Para Mí Dame Tu Querer Me Siento Triste Hoy Si Nuestro Amor Se Acaba No Me Ames La Castigadora Navidad, Navidad Dímelo (2003) Buscaré Un Nuevo Amor Sólo Pienso En Ella La Mujer Casada Dios Mío Por Qué Te Recordaré Que Te Pasa Dímelo Quiero Dormir Cansado Cariño Mío


title: "Mick Beddoes" content: could be mitigated if only voters would judge a candidate according to his or her personal merits, rather than on the basis of whether the candidate's political party was indigenous-led or Indo-Fijian-led. He also called for changes to the electoral system, under which almost two-thirds of the House of Representatives are elected from communal constituencies, whose electors are registered members of a particular ethnic group. Beddoes retained his constituency, with a slightly reduced majority, in the parliamentary election held on 6–13 May 2006, and was appointed Leader of the Opposition for the second time on 3 June His second appointment


title: "South Thailand insurgency" content: been successful. Estimates of the strength of the insurgency vary greatly. In 2004 General Pallop Pinmanee claimed that there were only 500 hardcore jihadists. Other estimates say there as many as 15,000 armed insurgents. Around 2004 some Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area, and that foreign funds and arms are being brought in, though again, such claims were balanced by an equally large body of opinion suggesting this remains a distinctly local conflict. Over 6,500 people died and almost 12,000 were injured between 2004 and 2015 in a formerly ethnic separatist insurgency, which has


title: "Monotropa uniflora" content: Monotropa uniflora Monotropa uniflora, also known as ghost plant (or ghost pipe), Indian pipe or corpse plant, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to temperate regions of Udmurtiya in European Russia, Asia, North America and northern South America, but with large gaps between areas. It was formerly classified in the family Monotropaceae, but is now included within the Ericaceae. It is of ephemeral occurrence, depending on the right conditions (moisture after a dry period) to appear full grown within a couple of days. Unlike most plants, it is white and does not contain chlorophyll. Instead of generating energy from sunlight,


title: "Monotropa uniflora" content: it is parasitic, more specifically a mycoheterotroph. Its hosts are certain fungi that are mycorrhizal with trees, meaning it ultimately gets its energy from photosynthetic trees. Since it is not dependent on sunlight to grow, it can grow in very dark environments as in the understory of dense forest. It is often associated with beech trees. The complex relationship that allows this plant to grow also makes propagation difficult. The plant is sometimes completely waxy white, but often has black flecks or pale pink coloration. Rare variants may have a deep red color. The stems reach heights of , sheathed


title: "Monotropa uniflora" content: with highly reduced leaves long, best identified as scales or bracts. These structures are small, thin, and translucent; they do not have petioles but instead extend in a sheath-like manner out of the stem. As its scientific name suggests, and unlike the related "Monotropa hypopitys" (but like the close relation "Monotropastrum humile"), the stems bear a single flower long, with 3–8 translucent petals, 10–12 stamens and a single pistil. It flowers from early summer to early autumn, often a few days after rainfall. The fruit, an oval capsule-like structure, enlarges and becomes upright when the seeds mature, at this point


title: "Monotropa uniflora" content: stem and capsule looking desiccated and dark brown or black. Like most mycoheterotrophic plants, "M. uniflora" associates with a small range of fungal hosts, all of them members of Russulaceae. The plant has been used as a nervine in western herbal medicine since the late nineteenth century. Monotropa uniflora Monotropa uniflora, also known as ghost plant (or ghost pipe), Indian pipe or corpse plant, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to temperate regions of Udmurtiya in European Russia, Asia, North America and northern South America, but with large gaps between areas. It was formerly classified in the family Monotropaceae, but


title: "Rydal Penrhos" content: along with the U16 team, have been exceptionally successful in the Welsh Nationals, claiming several titles in the past five years. In 2007, the U16 boys team won the North Wales Final at hockey, only to go on and lose in the final at Nationals. The school started life as five separate institutions: In 1887, Payne had founded St John's Methodist Church on Pwllycrochan Avenue, which was used regularly by both Rydal and Penrhos. In 2010, the stewardship of St John's was passed to Rydal Penrhos, which needed more space for school worship and special events. A degree of uniformity


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa, the marvel of Peru or four o'clock flower, is the most commonly grown ornamental species of "Mirabilis" plant, and is available in a range of colours. "Mirabilis" in Latin means wonderful and Jalapa (or Xalapa) is the state capital of Veracruz in México. "Mirabilis jalapa" was cultivated by the Aztecs for medicinal and ornamental purposes. The flowers usually open from late afternoon (around 4 o'clock) onwards, giving rise to one of its common names. Flowers then produce a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance throughout the night, then close for good in the morning. New flowers open the following


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: day. It arrived in Europe in 1525. Today, it is common in many tropical regions and is also valued in Europe as a (not hardy) ornamental plant. The name of "Mirabilis jalapa" given by Carl Von Linne in 1753 is formed from the scientific Latin Mirabilis meaning "admirable" by allusion to the remarkable colors of its flowers and the specific name jalapa that would refer to its origin in the Jalapa in Guatemala. But the epithet of jalapa could also refer to the city of Xalapa (Jalapa) in Mexico from which came a former purgative drug, named jalap, taken from


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: the tubers of the tuberous jalap. Linnaeus refers to all species of Jalapa described by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort who in 1694 wrote: "The Jalap, or Belle de Nuit is a kind of plant whose flower is a funnel-shaped flared pipe with a crenellated pavilion ... Father Plumier assured me that the Jalap, which is brought to us with the root of America, was a true species of Belle de nuit. We have also received the seed, which has produced in the Jardin Royal de Paris a plant quite like the common Belle de nuit; but this seed is more


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: wrinkled, and the leaves of the plant are less smooth." A bushy plant, it is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches stature heights of mostly 1, rarely up to 2 meters in height. It may also be grown as an annual, especially in the temperate zone. The single-seeded fruits are spherical, wrinkled and black upon maturity, having started out greenish-yellow. The stems are thick, full, quadrangular with many ramifications and rooting at the nodes. The posture is often prostrate. A curious aspect of "M. jalapa" is that flowers with different colors grow simultaneously on the same plant. Additionally, an individual


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: flower can be splashed with different colors. Flower patterns are referred to as sectors (whole sections of flower), flakes (stripes of varying length), and spots. A single flower can be plain yellow, red, magenta, pink, or white, or have a combination of sectors, flakes, and spots. Furthermore, different combinations of flowers and patterns can occur on different flowers of the same plant. Usually, the flowers are found in yellow, pink and white colors but you can find a different combination of flowers growing on the same single four o’clock plant. Another interesting point is a color-changing phenomenon. For example, in


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: the yellow variety, as the plant matures, it can display flowers that gradually change to a dark pink color. Similarly, white flowers can change to light violet. Despite their appearance, the flowers are not formed from petals – rather they are a pigmented modification of the calyx. Similarly, the 'calyx' is an involucre of bracts. The flowers are funnel-shaped and pentalobed, they have no cup (replaced by bracteal leaves) but are made of a corolla. The inflorescences contain three to seven unpopped flowers. Earning the name "four-clock flower", the fragrant flowers open in the late afternoon or in overcast weather


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: and exhale a scent reminiscent of the tobacco flower, and attract moths for pollination. The anthesis lasts from 16 to 20 hours and thus remains visible part of the day. The flowers are pollinated by long-tongued moths of the family Sphingidae, such as the sphinx moths or hawk moths and other nocturnal pollinators attracted by the fragrance. The plant does best in full sun. Often in the sun the leaves wither, then return vigorously in the evening, when temperatures start to fall and the sun sets. It can not stand the cold, the aerial part with the first frosts deteriorates


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: and can die, but the underground part that can return to vegetate in spring remains vital. The plant will self-seed, often spreading rapidly if left unchecked in a garden. Some gardeners recommend that the seeds should be soaked before planting, but this is not totally necessary. In North America, the plant perennializes in warm, coastal environments, particularly in USDA zones 7–10. The fragrance of the flower is more intense and noticeable during the warm period of the day. The plant is easy to grow, as long as it is sunny or partially shaded. Under these conditions, it grows very quickly.


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: It grows preferably in light soil, rich in humus and well draining, it is neutral side acidity (pH). Pot cultivation is always possible with a mixture of 80% soil and 20% garden soil and a very deep container with the tubers being put at a depth of 10 cm. It is usually sown from mid-February to May. The seeds germinate rapidly at a temperature of 18°C. "Mirabilis jalapa" hails from tropical South America, but has become naturalized throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. In cooler temperate regions, it will die back with the first frosts, regrowing in the following spring


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: from the tuberous roots. Mirabilis jalapa is native to the dry tropical regions of Central and South America: Guatemala, Mexico, Chile and Peru. It is currently naturalized in many countries in Asia, Africa, United States, Middle East and, Europe. In Réunion, "Mirabilis jalapa" was initially an ornamental species; however it become naturalized on the west coast, between 400 and 700 m altitude, and on the south coast between 0 and 700 m. It occurs in a ruderal debris area, and is relatively common in weedy sugarcane fields on the west and south coasts. Its high seed production and rapid growth


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: allow it to cover up to 30% to 50% in cane plots. Around 1900, Carl Correns used "Mirabilis" as a model organism for his studies on cytoplasmic inheritance. He used the plant's variegated leaves to prove that certain factors outside the nucleus affected phenotype in a way not explained by Mendel's theories. Correns proposed that leaf colour in "Mirabilis" was passed on via a uni-parental mode of inheritance. Also, when red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink-flowered offspring, not red, are produced. This is seen as an exception to Mendel's Law of Dominance because in this case, the red


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: and white genes are of equal strength, so neither completely dominates the other. The phenomenon is known as incomplete dominance. Eight betaxanthins (indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthin-I, miraxanthin-I, II, III, IV, V and VI) can be isolated from "M. jalapa" flowers. Rotenoids (mirabijalone A, B, C and D, 9-O-methyl-4-hydroxyboeravinone B, boeravinone C and boeravinone F, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-7,8-diol) can be isolated from the roots. A fatty acid (8-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-11,14-dienoic acid) is found as a minor component in the seed oil. Analysis of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts yields β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and brassicasterol. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an organic extract of


title: "Mirabilis jalapa" content: the cell mass from a manipulated plant cell culture of "M. jalapa" led to the isolation and subsequent identification of an isoflavone, a roteinoid and a dehydrorotenoid, Two of these compounds are responsible for the antimicrobial activity against "Candida albicans". Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of "M. jalapa" also led to the isolation of an active polyphenolic amide: N-trans-feruloyl 4′-O-methyldopamine. This compound shows moderate activity as an efflux pump inhibitor against multidrug-resistant "Staphylococcus aureus". Mirabilis jalapa Mirabilis jalapa, the marvel of Peru or four o'clock flower, is the most commonly grown ornamental species of "Mirabilis" plant, and is available


title: "Joey Jordison" content: than the TV." He played guitar until receiving his first drum kit as a gift from his parents at age eight, and started his first band while in elementary school. Jordison's parents divorced when he was young. The children stayed with their mother. His mother remarried and set up a funeral parlor where Jordison would occasionally help. Jordison has stated that he felt a sudden responsibility to be the man of the house. During this time, he formed the band Modifidious, in which he played drums. He later described them as "total speed-metal thrash". The band helped Jordison break new


title: "Johnson (composer)" content: to prominence through his collaboration with Malayalam author and director Padmarajan. "Koodevide" was their first venture, which had one of the most famous songs of Johnson "Aadivaa Kaatte", a pathbreaking song in Malayalam music history. It was one of the first songs in Malayalam to so many western classical elements. The song was born out of Padmarajan's need for a western song for his innovative film. Song composition took place in Woodland's Hotel, Chennai. Another notable feature of this song was the lyrics by O. N. V. Kurup, who for the first time wrote lyrics for a pre-composed song. Johnson


title: "Robert Christison" content: precipitate its advent. Opponents, when the time has come, are not merely dragged at the chariot wheels of progress - they help to turn them. The strongest forces, whichever way it seems to work, does most to aid. The forces of greatest concentration here have been, in my view, on the one hand the Edinburgh University led by Sir Robert Christison, on the other the women claimants led by Dr Sophia Jex-Blake.″ Christison's wife was Henrietta Sophia Brown (1799–1843). Their children included Sir Alexander Christison, baronet and Dr David Christison MD LLD (1830-1912). Robert Christison Sir Robert Christison, 1st Baronet,


title: WPPZ-FM content: fourth attempt by Radio One to compete against long dominant WUSL.) On December 10, 2018, WPPZ flipped from urban gospel (which moved to WPPZ's HD2 subchannel) to Urban Oldies as "Classix 107.9". WPPZ-FM WPPZ-FM (107.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station owned by Urban One, that airs an Urban Oldies format. The station is licensed to Pennsauken, New Jersey and serves the Philadelphia radio market. It has studios located in Bala Cynwyd and broadcasts from a transmitter spire on top of One Liberty Place in Center City Philadelphia. In 1946, the station signed on at 98.9 MHz as WSNJ-FM in


title: "Doane Stuart School" content: Stuart students visiting Lagan College attend seminar courses in Irish History, Northern Ireland Politics, and Irish Language. These students get a glimpse of Belfast life while staying with host families from Lagan College. They have met with members of the US Embassy, Stormont (the Northern Ireland Parliament), City Officials, and key players in the peace process. Additionally, student-teachers from the Protestant Stranmillis University College and the Catholic Saint Mary's University College visit Doane Stuart as part of their teacher training. It's not often that Art Deco designs are highlighted in the hallways with school lockers or that a school official's


title: "USS Charrette" content: on Kwajalein and Eniwetok. On the night of 4–5 February, "Charrette" left her screening station to investigate a radar contact reported by one of the battleships. After tracking the contact to , she opened fire on the target, a submarine which dived at once. "Charrette" pressed home a depth charge attack, then used her radar to coach the destroyer escort in for the sinking of what was probably , the first Japanese submarine to be sunk by the Hedgehog (weapon)|Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar. The next day, "Charrette" moored in the newly-won Majuro Lagoon. The destroyer sailed 12 February 1944 for the


title: "Casey Stratton" content: in writing and recorded an independent album called "The Winter Children". Many of these tracks would be re-recorded later and included on his Sony release "Standing at the Edge". Casey returned to the recording industry in 2002. Shortly after moving to New York City, Stratton inked a deal with Sony Music. in January 2003 he flew to Los Angeles to begin recording "Standing at the Edge" with legendary producer Patrick Leonard. Originally intended for an August 2003 release, "Standing at the Edge" was initially delayed until October 2003. Eventually the album would be delayed yet again and ultimately released in


title: "Iron Ore Company of Canada" content: Iron Ore Company of Canada Iron Ore Company of Canada (often abbreviated to IOC) () is a Canadian-based producer of iron ore. The company was founded in 1949 from a partnership of Canadian and American M.A. Hanna Company. It is now owned by a new consortium, including the Mitsubishi and Rio Tinto corporations. Rio Tinto is the majority shareholder in the venture, with 58.7% of the joint stock as of October 2013. Mitsubishi controlled 26.2% of the investment as of March 2013. Based in Montreal, Quebec, IOC currently has mining and concentrator operations in Labrador City, and operates the Quebec


title: "School District of Philadelphia" content: out the choir with their chants. On December 21, 2001, Secretary Charles Zogby of the Pennsylvania Department of Education signed a "Declaration of Distress" for the district. This triggered the state takeover of the school district from the City of Philadelphia. The state of Pennsylvania formed the "School Reform Commission" to oversee the troubled public school system. This action was the end result of a months long negotiation under the legislation enacted by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in April 1998. The takeover plan had six main elements: putting the district under the control of a School Reform Commission; hire a


title: "Steven W. Taylor" content: B. Taylor. They have one son, Wilson Taylor, who is the Manager of Team Operations for the NBA Oklahoma City Thunder. Following a two-year stint on the McAlester City Council, he served as the city's youngest mayor from 1982 to 1984. In 1983 he was named one of the "Three Outstanding Young Oklahomans. In 1985, the City of McAlester named its new industrial park the "Steven W. Taylor Industrial Park" in recognition of his economic development efforts as mayor. In recent years, Justice Taylor has been recognized as "Citizen of the Year" in McAlester. The Oklahoma Bar Association granted him


title: "Typha latifolia" content: Typha latifolia Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, cat-o'-nine-tails, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus "Typha". It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa. In Canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and in the United States, it is native to all states except Hawaii. It is an introduced and invasive species, and considered a noxious weed, in Australia and Hawaii. It is not native but has been reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, New


title: "Typha latifolia" content: Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines. "Typha latifolia" has been found in a variety of climates, including tropical, subtropical, southern and northern temperate, humid coastal, and dry continental. It is found at elevations from sea level to 7,500 feet (2,300 m). "Typha latifolia" is an "obligate wetland" species, meaning that it is always found in or near water. The species generally grows in flooded areas where the water depth does not exceed 2.6 feet (0.8 meters). However, it has also been reported growing in floating mats in slightly deeper water. "T. latifolia" grows mostly in fresh water but also


title: "Typha latifolia" content: occurs in slightly brackish marshes. The species can displace other species native to salt marshes upon reduction in salinity. Under such conditions the plant may be considered invasive, since it interferes with preservation of the salt marsh habitat. "Typha latifolia" shares its range with other related species, and hybridizes with "Typha angustifolia", narrow-leaf cattail, to form "Typha × glauca" ("Typha angustifolia × T. latifolia"), white cattail. Common cattail is usually found in shallower water than narrow-leaf cattail. The plant is 1.5 to 3 metres (5 to 10 feet) high and it has 2–4 cm (¾ to 1½ inch) broad leaves,


title: "Typha latifolia" content: and will generally grow out in to 0.75 to 1 metre (2 to 3 feet) of water depth. "Typha latifolia" is called totora, espadaña común, tule espidilla, or piriope in Spanish; roseau des étangs in French; tifa or mazzasorda in Italian, and tabua-larga in Portuguese. Traditionally, "Typha latifolia" has been a part of certain indigenous cultures of British Columbia, as a source of food, medicine, and for other uses. The rhizomes are edible after cooking and removing the skin, while peeled stems and leaf bases can be eaten raw, or cooked. Young flower spikes are edible as well. While "Typha


title: "Typha latifolia" content: latifolia" grows all over, including in rural areas, it is not advisable to eat specimens deriving from polluted water as it absorbs pollutants and in fact is used as a bioremediator. Specimens with a very bitter or spicy taste should not be eaten. Typha latifolia Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, cat-o'-nine-tails, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus "Typha". It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa. In Canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the Yukon and


title: "Fort Warren (Massachusetts)" content: Fort Warren (Massachusetts) Fort Warren is a historic fort on the Georges Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. It is not to be confused with Fort Winthrop, which was named Fort Warren from 1808 to 1833. Fort Warren is a pentagonal bastion fort, made with stone and granite, and was constructed from 1833–1861, completed shortly after the beginning of the American Civil War. Fort Warren defended the harbor in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1861 through the end of World War II, and during the Civil War served as a prison for Confederate officers and government officials. The fort remained active


title: "Fort Warren (Massachusetts)" content: at Fort Warren included Richard S. Ewell, Isaac R. Trimble, John Gregg, Adam "Stovepipe" Johnson, Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr., and Lloyd Tilghman. High-ranking civilians held at Fort Warren include Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens and Confederate Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan. The prison camp had a reputation for humane treatment of its detainees. When the camp commander's son, Lieutenant Justin E. Dimick, left Fort Warren for active duty in the field with the Second U.S. Artillery, he was given a letter from Confederate officers in the camp urging good care should he be captured. (He was later mortally wounded


title: WUVN content: cannibalized by those regional superstations. WTIC-TV also had its share of financial problems, and dropped a number of shows that WHCT picked up. However, these programs did not help WHCT at all and put the station deeper into debt. Much of the financial problems came as a result of challenges to WHCT's license, as Gene Scott was supposed to sell the station at market value to minority owners, but challengers alleged that this was not the case because minorities did not have voting stock in the station. Additionally, issues with former owner RKO also played a role in the legal


title: "Ælfwald of East Anglia" content: town expanded out to become in size during Ælfwald's reign, when it was known as Gipeswic. It is generally considered that Gipeswic, as the trade capital of Ælfwald's kingdom, developed under the king's patronage. A rectangular grid of streets linked the earlier quayside town northwards to an ancient trackway that ran eastwards. The quay at Gipeswic also continued to develop in a form that was similar to the quayside at Dorestad, south of the continental town of Utrecht, which was perhaps its principal trading partner. Gipeswic's street grid, parts of which have survived, was subdivided into rectangular plots or "insulae"


title: "Centaurea solstitialis" content: California alone. By 1970, yellow star-thistle had reached 23 U.S. states. According to the USDA Forest Service, as of 2006 the plant has been reported present in 41 of the 48 contiguous U.S. states, with the only exceptions being Maine, Vermont, and five of the Deep South states (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia). The plant is considered an invasive species in six of the 41 states: California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and New Jersey. Most herbicides used for controlling Yellow Star-thistle are registered for range lands, right-of-way, and other non-crop areas. Many auxin-like or growth-regulator herbicides are used for


title: "Rutgers University–Camden" content: 32-0-5 record during that time, the eighth-longest streak in NCAA Division III men's soccer history. The team earned a trip to the NCAA Division III National Championship for the first time in program history by defeating Loras College, 3-2, in overtime on Dec. 6, 2013, in San Antonio, Texas. The unbeaten streak came to an end on Dec. 7, 2013, in a 2-1 double-overtime loss to Messiah College in the NCAA Division III National Championship. The men's soccer team won three consecutive New Jersey Athletic Conference titles and in 2013 finished ranked No. 3 in the D3soccer.com Top 25 and


title: "Paul Raymond (publisher)" content: Paul Raymond (publisher) Paul Raymond (15 November 1925 – 2 March 2008), born Geoffrey Anthony Quinn, was an English publisher, club owner, and property developer. After opening a strip club, Raymond became very wealthy, buying property on a large scale and launched Paul Raymond Publications with the soft-porn magazine "Men Only", soon followed by "Escort", "Club International", "Mayfair" and many other titles. He was starting to hand over control to his daughter Debbie when she died of a heroin overdose in 1992, after which he became a recluse. Raymond was born and raised in Liverpool; the family was abandoned by


title: "HMS Prince of Wales (1860)" content: on 28 July 1848. In 1849, the Royal Navy started ordering screw line-of-battle ships starting with the "Agamemnon". It is possible that construction of "Prince of Wales" was suspended, as screw line-of-battle ships laid down after her, were completed before her. "Prince of Wales" was reordered to complete as a 121 gun screw line-of-battle ship on 9 April 1856, conversion work started on 27 October 1856. Her half-sisters "Duke of Wellington" and "Royal Sovereign" were lengthened with an extra 23 ft amidships and 8 ft in the run, and originally it was intended that "Marlborough" and "Prince of Wales" would


title: "Dead End (Angel)" content: the hand to Lindsey, leaving only a little scar. The next day, Lindsey wakes up, enjoying his new hand. While getting ready, he notices his guitar again, but this time picks it up and plays. Later at the office, Lilah notices Lindsey's new hand and grows very nervous about her job since Wolfram & Hart spent so much money on her "partner." At the office, Angel has a wide assortment of food delivered as he wanted to get food for Cordelia but didn't want to bother her by asking what she wanted. She appreciates it and as she leaves, she


title: Duddingston content: name has now been given to the new park being built on the site of the former Portobello High School and St John's Primary School. Duddingston Loch has been used for ice-skating and curling, even boasting a curling house, for several centuries. In the 17th and 18th century the village was primarily a centre for the coal and salt mining industry, but was also known for its weaving industry, in particular for a cloth known as Duddingston Hardings. Bonnie Prince Charlie held a council of war in a house in the village, shortly before the Battle of Prestonpans in 1745.


title: "Formula One Group" content: his control of Formula One - would mean "nothing at all". He stated his intention to appeal the decision. The following day, at a meeting of team bosses at Heathrow Airport in London, Ecclestone offered the teams a total of £260,000,000 over three years, in return for unanimous renewal of the Concorde Agreement, which was due to expire in 2008. Weeks later, Gerhard Gibkowsky, a board member of Bayerische Landesbank and the chairman of SLEC, stated that the banks had no intention to remove Ecclestone from his position of control. In November 2005, CVC Capital Partners announced it was to


title: "IEC 60906-1" content: to be smaller than the Schuko and BS 1363 systems, which were designed in the early and mid 20th century respectively. The IEC 60906-1 and BS 1363 systems have some common safety features in that plugs and sockets are polarized, and that sockets are required to have shutters for the line and neutral pins. An advantage of the IEC 60906-1 plug types is smaller physical sizes. The IEC 60906-1 plugs are also rated for up to 16 amperes, while the BS 1363 plugs are rated for 13 amperes. The unfused IEC 60906-1 is incompatible with UK law which requires an


title: "Social Contract (Ontario)" content: two largest unions, the Ontario Public Service Employees Union (OPSEU) and the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE), both boycotted the talks, the government decided to enact the initiative unilaterally. The initiative was mainly based around a forced twelve days of unpaid leave for all civil service workers, including (but not limited to) teachers, nurses, and accountants. The unpaid days off quickly became known as "Rae Days" and are probably the best known aspect of the policy. The measure excluded workers who earned less than $30,000 annually. The Social Contract also re-opened collective bargaining agreements of all public unions, and


title: DreamHost content: April 2013, DreamHost mentioned that the Files Forever service had been discontinued and that they would focus on building a better-supported storage technology. In 2009, the company began offering free web application hosting. With either their own domain or a free subdomain, customers are able to make use of a number of open source applications, such as WordPress and MediaWiki without charge. The service is similar to, and can be integrated with, the Google App Engine. Through a control panel, customers are able to manage their applications or upgrade to the standard, fully managed hosting service. DreamHost's DreamCompute is a


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: Graben, Vienna The Graben is one of the most famous streets in Vienna's first district, the city centre. It begins at Stock-im-Eisen-Platz next to the Palais Equitable and ends at the junction of Kohlmarkt and Tuchlauben. Another street in the first district is called "Tiefer Graben" (deep ditch). It is crossed by Wipplinger Straße by means of the "Hohe Brücke", a bridge about ten metres above street level. The Graben traces its origin back to the old Roman encampment of "Vindobona". The south-western wall of the settlement extended along the length of the present-day Graben and Naglergasse; before the wall


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: lay a trench ("Graben"). This trench still stood in front of the medieval city walls. At the end of the 12th century, the city was enlarged by the Babenberg Dukes, using the ransom money for Richard the Lionheart. At this time the trench was filled in and levelled. The Graben thereby became one of the first residential streets in the new section of the city. In this area of the city large unbuilt areas were still available, which probably contributed to the maintenance of the name "Graben" up until the present day. The planned character of the city extension is


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: still visible in the differing characters of the building patterns to the north and to the south of the Graben. The building pattern on the north side (that of the old city) has remained irregular to this day, and only one, narrow side-street opens off the Graben to the north: the "Jungferngässchen", which gives access to the Peterskirche. On the other hand, five regular side-streets were constructed to the south of the Graben in the 13th century: the "Obere Bräunerstraße"(today known as Habsburgergasse), the "Untere Bräunerstraße" (Bräunerstraße), the "Färberstraße" (Dorotheergasse), the "Laderstraße" (Spiegelgasse), and the "Reifstraße" (Seilergasse). Although at first


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: these side-streets remained relatively underbuilt, the situation rapidly changed. According to the historian Karl Oettinger, the Graben replaced the Hoher Markt and Wipplingerstraße as Vienna's main arterial road. The new route supposedly led from Am Hof over Bognergasse and the Graben to Stock-im-Eisen-Platz, at that point turning in the direction of the Stephansdom, then passing over Rotenturmstraße to reach the Wollzeile. Traffic would therefore no longer have needed to pass through the main market at Hoher Markt. However, as there was little reason at the time to travel in the direction of the Schottentor, this theory has been disputed. At


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: that time the Graben was lined primarily with wooden houses, which led to a catastrophe on March 23, 1327. A fire broke out in the Wallnerstraße house of a priest of the Stephansdom, Heinrich von Luzern, and quickly spread over Kohlmarkt to the Graben, destroying the area completely. King Frederick the Handsome participated in the rescue effort. At that time the Graben had not yet become a preferred residence for the nobility; its seems that its residents were primarily Swabians, who had come to Vienna in the time of Rudolph I. The only building known from this time is the


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: "Freisingerhof" (see below). At the turn of the 14th century, houses were built at both ends of the Graben. This activity led to the construction of the "Paternostergässchen", an extension of the Naglergasse, at the northwestern end, and at the southwestern end of the "Grabengasse" and the infamously narrow "Schlossergässchen", where the metal-workers ("Schlosser") built their workshops. Other craftsmen, including blacksmiths, were found at this spot. The narrowness of the Schlossergässchen was a source of constant criticism as an obstruction to the flow of traffic. On account of these new constructions, the Graben came to be seen more as a


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: piazza than as a street. It was however not yet an exclusive address, particularly as the so-called "Mörung" originated there. This was a stream used for sewage disposal, and gave rise to a corresponding stench. Over time, however, various local dignitaries took up residence on the Graben, at first primarily the wealthy bourgeoisie. Although the form of the Graben remained more or less the same, its character began to change. It was marked above all by the construction of the "Arkadenhof", a striking Renaissance building, which in 1873 was replaced by the present-day Grabenhof. The Graben became the site of


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: various festivities, including public displays of homage to the ruling house. This prompted the residents to rebuild their houses and to deck out their facades. In 1701 the old Peterskirche was torn down, and the new structure was completed in 1708. In the course of the 18th century the use of the Graben as a market was suppressed. In 1753 the produce-sellers were removed, and in 1772 the Christmas market was relocated. The Graben became the most fashionable promenade, the chief arena for the self-display of the urban elite. This was not limited to the nobility, but included the entrepreneurial


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: class as well, who were most visibly represented by the construction of the "Trattnerhof" by the printer Thomas von Trattner. Prostitutes were also in evidence — the famous "Grabennymphen". The ascendancy of the Graben resumed at the start of the 19th century. It became the site of ever more luxury shops, marked by artistically significant signs. On account of this growth in business, and the corresponding increase in traffic, the housing blocks on either side of the Graben were increasingly seen as obstructions. In 1835 the Erste österreichische Sparkasse had the corner houses on Tuchlauben torn down and erected its


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: headquarters, which stand to this day, in their stead. In 1840 the buildings on the northwestern end of the Graben followed in their wake. Between 1860 and 1866 the houses between Grabengasse and Schlossergassl were removed, with the result that the Graben led directly to Stock-im-Eisen-Platz, and became once more a proper street. In fact, nearly all the houses on the Graben disappeared, with the exception of the Palais Bartolotti-Partenfeld. The Jungferngässchen was widened, and an open passage to the Peterskirche was created. Even the Trattnerhof was replaced by two new buildings in 1911, between which a second passage to


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: the old city was opened. With the increase in car traffic, the Graben also became a heavily traveled street. However, traffic was limited, as previously, to the southern half of the street. On December 4, 1950, the first neon lights in Vienna were installed here. Numerous plans for the development of the Graben were proposed, including two for its surveillance. On November 22, 1974, the Graben became, on a provisional basis, Vienna's first pedestrian zone. In the course of the construction of the U-Bahn, the Graben was rebuilt in successive phases, and the pedestrian zone was gradually expanded. In this


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: connection, development proposals from five architects and architectural firms were commissioned. The proposal of "Gruppe M" for the roofing of the Graben was hotly debated. Today the Graben is again one of the most important promenades and shopping streets in Vienna. The Graben has served as a marketplace from the very beginning. Already in 1295, shortly after the Graben was first named in documents, a fruit dealer was mentioned. The selling of cabbage began around 1320, and other vegetables were introduced around a hundred years later. These products lent the Graben the additional names of "Grüner Markt" and "Kräutermarkt". Beginning


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: in the 14th century, flour and bread sellers are also mentioned. In 1442 the bakers were granted permission to sell their own wares. The so-called "Brotbänke", which the bakers were required to rent, originated on the Graben. The Paternostergässchen was occupied by the "Paternosterer", makers of rosaries. Beginning in 1424, butchers are also mentioned in treasury documents, which strictly regulate their opening hours. According to a decree issued in 1564 by Ferdinand I, the butchers were to be moved on account of their offensive smell, but the law did not meet with full compliance. In the 18th century the commercial


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: activity was pushed increasingly into the outlying buildings, and in 1753 the last-remaining market (the vegetable market) was shut down. On account of its location and size the Graben was particularly suitable for festival processions. "Fronleichnamsprozessionen" (processions on the occasion of the Feast of Corpus Christi) are first mentioned in 1438, but probably took place even earlier. With the arrival of Protestantism, these processions played a particularly important role in the demonstration of Catholic faith. During the era of Emperor Charles VI, daily masses were held at the Pestsäule. In the 18th century processions took place nearly every week, but


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: this was curtailed by Empress Maria Theresa. Finally, Emperor Joseph II forbade all processions save the Corpus Christi. The Graben also served as a site for triumphal processions, in particular for the arrival of Archdukes and Emperors. It is known to have also been the site of the public displays of homage, at which the notables demonstrated their reverence for the rulers. Such displays are first mentioned in 1620, in the era of Emperor Ferdinand II. The Freisingerhof was the first monumental building on the Graben. The See of Freising owned a plot here on which they built a "Hof"


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: (court), presumably at the end of the 12th century, although it is first mentioned in 1273. The irregular Romanesque building served on the one hand as an administrative center for the see's estates in the area of Vienna, and on the other hand as accommodation for the bishops of Freising and their diplomatic representatives. It was originally known as the "Dompropsthof"; the first document designating it as the "Freisingerhof" dates to the year 1468. Besides the main building, the Hof included other surrounding houses. Johann Thomas Trattner purchased the Hof in 1773, and commissioned a new residence from Peter Mollner.


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: The structure, which was completed in 1776, was enormous for its time. Opinions regarding the building were divided. While its sheer size was impressive, its numerous small rooms and vaults were criticized. The building was officially named the "Trattnernhof", as befits the noble title "von Trattner," but the name "Trattnerhof" prevailed in common practice. The entrance portals were decorated with caryatids by Tobias Kögler. The house remained in the possession of the Trattner family until the beginning of the 19th century. In 1911 it was replaced by two office buildings, built by Rudolf Krauß and Felix Sauer, which were separated


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: by a narrow alley, which provided for the first time a second passage into the old city. The alley still bears the name "Trattnerhof". This residential building was erected between 1894 and 1895 by Otto Wagner, presumably for himself. Its name owes to the fact that the previous building had been purchased by the insurance firm "Der Anker". The style of the lower storey, with its large glass surfaces, points forward to later construction techniques with reinforced concrete. Beginning in 1971 the building was used by Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The palace of the Barons Bartolotti von Partenfeld is the only baroque


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: structure on the Graben that has survived to this day. This building, first erected between 1794 and 1795 by Peter Mollner and Ernest Koch, was rebuilt in 1831 by Josef Klee. This was the site of Leopold Kozeluch's music shop. In 1894 the "Assicurazione Generali" acquired the house, renovating the facade and adding a penthouse. Knize, a prominent tailor, occupied the ground floor; its showroom was built by Adolf Loos. The Grabenhof, also known as the "Thienemannhof", is a historicizing work built between 1873 and 1874 by Otto Thienemann and Otto Wagner on the site of the old "Arkadenhof". The


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: roof was rebuilt in 1947 by Alfons Hetmanek. It is today owned by the Österreichische Beamtenversicherung, and has been used since 1991 as a site for cultural events. On June 18, 1994, a memorial plaque for Josef Sonnleithner, who lived in the Arkadenhof until 1874, was erected. Sonnleithner was the founder of the "Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien" (Society of the Friends of Music in Vienna). The expansion of the Erste österreichische Sparkasse gave rise to numerous changes of headquarters in its early years. In 1825 the bank moved into the house at Graben 21. It soon purchased three neighboring


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: houses, which were torn down, and between 1835 and 1839 the architect Alois Pichl constructed the new headquarters. The Pestsäule was constructed by Emperor Leopold I following the Great Plague of Vienna. Two fountains are found on the Graben. Already in 1455, expenditures for a fountain are found in the city account books. This fountain stood on the northwestern end of the Graben and served primarily to put out fires. As it was decorated with four lion's heads, it was known as the "Löwenbrunnen" (lion fountain). The second, southwestern, fountain was presumably built in 1561. When in 1638 it was


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: decided to establish new fire regulations, new fountains on the Freyung and the Graben were likewise deemed necessary. The two fountains were therefore rebuilt. At the behest of Leopold I, the fountains were adorned with sculptures of Saints Joseph and Leopold, which were executed by the sculptor Johann Frühwirth. These were later replaced with lead figures by Johann Martin Fischer. Frühwirth's statues have since been lost. It is unclear to what degree the Graben served as an arterial road in the Middle Ages (see above). The construction of buildings at either end eventually rendered it unsuitable for such a function.


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: However, after the regularization of the 19th century, it became one of the most heavily travelled streets in Vienna, and that even before the arrival of cars. Traffic was always permitted only on the southwestern end. Already in the 19th century, numerous coaches-for-hire were found on the Graben. Beginning on March 1, 1912, the first bus-line in the city ran from Stephansplatz via the Graben to the Volksoper. Later, numerous bus-lines would travel the Graben. In connection with the construction of the U-Bahn, the Graben became a pedestrian zone. A test-run of the pedestrian zone was inaugurated at the Christmas


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: parade on November 27, 1971. The final project for the establishment of the pedestrian zone was the work of Hermann Stiegholzer, and was inaugurated in 1978. The project was completed in 1988 with the incorporation of the stretch between Peterskirche and the Kohlmarkt. The U-Bahn Line U3 has run under the portion between Stock-im-Eisen-Platz and Jungferngasse since 1991. Stephansplatz Station had already been built as a shell during the original construction of the U-1, rendering its extension under the Graben necessary. An exit from this station leads up to the Graben. This is unroofed, in an attempt to render it


title: "Graben, Vienna" content: as unobtrusive as possible. Incorporation of the exit into the neighboring buildings was not possible, on account of the high compensatory payments that would have been necessary. The entry is substantially based upon the equivalent article in the German Wikipedia. Graben, Vienna The Graben is one of the most famous streets in Vienna's first district, the city centre. It begins at Stock-im-Eisen-Platz next to the Palais Equitable and ends at the junction of Kohlmarkt and Tuchlauben. Another street in the first district is called "Tiefer Graben" (deep ditch). It is crossed by Wipplinger Straße by means of the "Hohe Brücke",


title: "University of Michigan Library" content: ten in the nation. Although Michigan ranks 3rd among academic libraries as to total volumes held, it ranks 1st for unique titles held among all institutions reporting that statistic. The ARL data is now behind a paywall, but a university page notes that the current volume count posted to the ARL site is the count contained in the infobox: approaching 13 million volumes as of 2012-2013. Financial support has grown to roughly $58,000,000 per annum. University of Michigan Library The University of Michigan Library is the university library system of the University of Michigan, based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in


title: "Marion Bromley" content: Peace Award. Marion Bromley Marion Bromley "nee" Coddington (October 10, 1912 – January 21, 1996) was a pioneer of the modern American tax resistance movement and a civil rights activist. She married Ernest Bromley in 1948. In 1948 Bromley left the staff of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (where she had been A.J. Muste's secretary) to avoid the withholding of taxes on her paycheck. Bromley helped found the group Peacemakers later that year, and concentrated her focus on the organization of war tax resistance by that group. She participated in the campaign to desegregate the Coney Island amusement park in 1952.


title: "Alvin Straight" content: 21 miles into the trip, the lawn mower broke down in West Bend, Iowa. Straight spent $250 on replacement points, a condenser, plugs, a generator, and a starter. After traveling another 90 miles, Straight ran out of money while in Charles City, Iowa. He camped there until his next Social Security checks arrived in August. He was interviewed by local newspapers. On August 15, Straight's lawn mower broke down again when he was two miles from his brother's house near Blue River. A farmer stopped and helped him push it the rest of the way. At a top speed of


title: "Celosia argentea" content: of the parasitic "Striga" plant. It can also be used in soaps. The leaves and flowers are edible and are grown for such use in Africa and Southeast Asia. "Celosia argentea" var. "argentea" or "Lagos spinach" is one of the main boiled greens in West Africa, where it is known as "soko yòkòtò" (Yoruba) or "farar áláyyafó" (Hausa) Celosia argentea Celosia argentea, commonly known as the plumed cockscomb or silver cock's comb, is a herbaceous plant of tropical origin, and is known for its very bright colors. In India and China it is known as a troublesome weed. "Celosia argentea"


title: "Temple of Hercules Victor" content: Temple of Hercules Victor The Temple of Hercules Victor ('Hercules the Winner') () or Hercules Olivarius is a Roman temple in Piazza Bocca della Verità, in the area of the Forum Boarium close to the Tiber in Rome, Italy. It is a tholos - a round temple of Greek 'peripteral' design completely encircled by a colonnade. This layout caused it to be mistaken for a temple of Vesta until it was correctly identified by Napoleon's Prefect of Rome, Camille de Tournon. Despite (or perhaps due to) the Forum Boarium's role as the cattle-market for ancient Rome, the Temple of Hercules


title: "Temple of Hercules Victor" content: is the subject of a folk belief claiming that neither flies nor dogs will enter the holy place. Dating from the later 2nd century BC, and perhaps erected by L. Mummius Achaicus, conqueror of the Achaeans and destroyer of Corinth, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall, resting on a tuff foundation. These elements supported an architrave and roof, which have disappeared. The original wall of the cella, built of travertine and marble blocks, and nineteen of the originally twenty columns remain but


title: "Temple of Hercules Victor" content: the current tile roof was added later. Palladio's published reconstruction suggested a dome, though this was apparently erroneous. The temple is the earliest surviving marble building in Rome. Its major literary sources are two almost identical passages, one in Servius' commentary on the "Aeneid" (viii.363) and the other in Macrobius' "Saturnalia". Though Servius mentions that "aedes duae sunt", "there are two sacred temples", the earliest Roman calendars mention but one festival, on 13 August, to "Hercules Victor" and "Hercules Invictus" interchangeably. By 1132 the temple had been converted to a church, known as Santo Stefano alle Carozze (St. Stephen 'of


title: "Temple of Hercules Victor" content: the carriages'). Additional restorations (and a fresco over the altar) were made in 1475. A plaque in the floor was dedicated by Sixtus IV. In the 17th century the church was rededicated to "Santa Maria del Sole" ("St. Mary of the Sun"). The temple and the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli were an inspiration for Bramante's Tempietto and other High Renaissance churches of centralized plan. The temple was recognized officially as an ancient monument in 1935 and restored in 1996. Temple of Hercules Victor The Temple of Hercules Victor ('Hercules the Winner') () or Hercules Olivarius is a Roman temple


title: "Ohio State Route 7" content: Ohio State Route 7 State Route 7 (SR 7), formerly known as Inter-county Highway 7 until 1921 and State Highway 7 in 1922, is a north–south state highway in the southern and eastern portions of the U.S. state of Ohio. At just over in length, it is the longest state route in Ohio. Its southern terminus is an interchange with U.S. Route 52 (US 52) just west of Chesapeake. Its northern terminus also serves as the eastern terminus of SR 531 in Conneaut. The path of SR 7 stays within of the Ohio River (Ohio's border with West Virginia) for


title: "Jane and the Dragon" content: Jane sets out to rescue the boy. She does and becomes a squire in the process. She does not slay the dragon but instead befriends him, and they soon become best friends. Their adventures continue in the next four books. Baynton says that the inspiration for the books came from his wanting to write "a story about a girl who wanted to follow her dreams despite the expectations of her family and friends" and from a young girl telling him "how she hated fairy stories because the girls were wimps". The book series inspired an animated series on television. Jane


title: Aihole content: the village, near the river bank, close to the Ramalinga temples group. They are mostly in ruins, with substantial damage, and had a thick forest growth over them till late 20th-century. Archeological Survey of India cleared and recovered the space. A similarly named Veniyavur complex is also in the south side of the town, near Rachigudi temple. The largest temple here is an 11th-century temple. The temple has a southern entrance, though the main hall and shrine has again an east-west alignment. The pillars experiment a square base and octagonal member followed by inverted kalasha on top with square finish.


title: "Mosquito net" content: Mosquito net A mosquito net is a type of meshed curtain that is circumferentially draped over a bed or a sleeping area, to offer the sleeper barrier protection against bites and stings from mosquitos, flies, and other pest insects, and thus against the diseases they may carry. Examples of such preventable insect-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and various forms of encephalitis, including the West Nile virus. To be effective the mesh of a mosquito net must be fine enough to exclude such insects without obscuring visibility or ventilation to unacceptable levels. It is possible to


title: "Mosquito net" content: increase the effectiveness of a mosquito net greatly by pretreating it with an appropriate insecticide or insect repellent. Research has shown mosquito nets to be an extremely effective method of malaria prevention, averting approximately 451 million cases of malaria over the period 2000–2015. Mosquito netting is mainly used for the protection against the malaria transmitting vector, "Anopheles gambiae". The first record of malaria-like symptoms occurred as early as 2700 BCE from China. The vector for this disease was not identified until 1880 when Sir Ronald Ross identified mosquitoes as a vector for malaria. Mosquito netting has a long history. Though


title: "Mosquito net" content: use of the term dates from the mid-18th century, Indian literature from the late medieval period has references to the usage of mosquito nets in ritual Hindu worship. Poetry composed by Annamayya, the earliest known Telugu musician and poet, references "domatera", which means "mosquito net" in Telugu. Use of mosquito nets has been dated to prehistoric times. It is said that Cleopatra, the last active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, also slept under a mosquito net. Mosquito nets were used during the malaria-plagued construction of the Suez Canal. Mosquito netting can be made from cotton, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, or nylon. A


title: "Mosquito net" content: mesh size of stops mosquitoes, and smaller, such as , stops other biting insects such as biting midges/no-see-ums. A mosquito bar is an alternate form of a mosquito net. It is constructed of a fine see-through mesh fabric mounted on and draped over a box-shaped frame. It is designed to fit over an area or item such as a sleeping bag to provide protection from insects. A mosquito bar could be used to protect oneself from mosquitoes and other insects while sleeping in jungle areas. The mesh is woven tightly enough to stop insects from entering but loosely enough to


title: "Mosquito net" content: not interfere with ventilation. The frame is usually self-supporting or freestanding although it can be designed to be attached from the top to an alternative support such as tree limbs. Mosquito nets are often used where malaria or other insect-borne diseases are common, especially as a tent-like covering over a bed. For effectiveness, it is important that the netting not have holes or gaps large enough to allow insects to enter. It is also important to 'seal' the net properly because mosquitoes are able to 'squeeze' through improperly secured nets. Because an insect can bite a person through the net,


title: "Mosquito net" content: the net must not rest directly on the skin. Mosquito netting can be hung over beds from the ceiling or a frame, built into tents, or installed in windows and doors. When hung over beds, rectangular nets provide more room for sleeping without the danger of netting contacting skin, at which point mosquitoes may bite through untreated netting. Some newer mosquito nets are designed to be both easy to deploy and foldable after use. Where mosquito nets are freely or cheaply distributed, local residents sometimes opportunistically use them inappropriately, for example as fishing nets. When used for fishing, mosquito nets


title: "Mosquito net" content: have harmful ecological consequences because the fine mesh of a mosquito net retains almost all fish, including bycatch such as immature or small fish and fish species that are not suitable for consumption. In addition, insecticides with which the mesh has been treated, such as permethrin, may be harmful to the fish and other aquatic fauna. Mosquito nets treated with insecticides—known as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or bednets—were developed and tested in the 1980s for malaria prevention by Dr. P. Carnevale and his team in Soumossou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Africa. ITNs are estimated to be twice as effective as untreated nets, and offer


title: "Mosquito net" content: greater than 70% protection compared with no net. These nets are dip-treated using a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide such as deltamethrin or permethrin which will double the protection over a non-treated net by killing and repelling mosquitoes. For maximum effectiveness, ITNs should be re-impregnated with insecticide every six months. This process poses a significant logistical problem in rural areas. Newer, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have now replaced ITNs in most countries. The distribution of mosquito nets or bednets impregnated with insecticides such as permethrin or deltamethrin has been shown to be an extremely effective method of malaria prevention. According to a


title: "Mosquito net" content: 2015 "Nature" study, mosquito nets averted 68% of an estimated 663 million averted cases of malaria infection since 2000. It is also one of the most cost-effective methods of prevention. These nets can often be obtained for around $2.50–$3.50 (2–3 euros) from the United Nations, the World Health Organization (WHO), and others. ITNs have been shown to be the most cost-effective prevention method against malaria and are part of WHO’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Generally LLINs are purchased by donor groups and delivered through in-country distribution networks. ITNs protect people sleeping under them and simultaneously kill mosquitoes that contact the


title: "Mosquito net" content: nets. Some protection is provided to others by this method, including people sleeping in the same room but not under the net. However, mathematical modeling has suggested that disease transmission may be exacerbated after bed nets have lost their insecticidal properties under certain circumstances. Although ITN users are still protected by the physical barrier of the netting, non-users could experience an increased bite rate as mosquitoes are deflected away from the non-lethal bed net users. The modeling suggests that this could increase transmission when the human population density is high or at lower human densities when mosquitoes are more adept


title: "Mosquito net" content: at locating their blood meals. While some experts argue that international organizations should distribute ITNs and LLINs to people for free to maximize coverage (since such a policy would reduce price barriers), others insist that cost-sharing between the international organization and recipients would lead to greater use of the net (arguing that people will value a good more if they pay for it). Additionally, proponents of cost-sharing argue that such a policy ensures that nets are efficiently allocated to the people who most need them (or are most vulnerable to infection). Through a "selection effect", they argue, the people who


title: "Mosquito net" content: most need the bed nets will choose to purchase them, while those less in need will opt out. However, a randomized controlled trial study of ITNs uptake among pregnant women in Kenya, conducted by economists Pascaline Dupas and Jessica Cohen, found that cost-sharing does not necessarily increase the usage intensity of ITNs nor does it induce uptake by those most vulnerable to infection, as compared to a policy of free distribution. In some cases, cost-sharing can decrease demand for mosquito nets by erecting a price barrier. Dupas and Cohen’s findings support the argument that free distribution of ITNs can be


title: "Mosquito net" content: more effective than cost-sharing in increasing coverage and saving lives. In a cost-effectiveness analysis, Dupas and Cohen note that "cost-sharing is at best marginally more cost-effective than free distribution, but free distribution leads to many more lives saved." The researchers base their conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of free distribution on the proven spillover benefits of increased ITN usage. ITNs protect the individuals or households that use them, and they protect people in the surrounding community in one of two ways. When a large number of nets are distributed in one residential area, their chemical additives help reduce the number of


title: "Mosquito net" content: mosquitoes in the environment. With fewer mosquitoes, the chances of malaria infection for recipients and non-recipients are significantly reduced. (In other words, the importance of the physical barrier effect of ITNs decreases relative to the positive externality effect of the nets in creating a mosquito-free environment when ITNs are highly concentrated in one residential cluster or community.) Unfortunately, standard ITNs must be replaced or re-treated with insecticide after six washes and, therefore, are not seen as a convenient, effective long-term solution to the malaria problem. As a result, the mosquito netting and pesticide industries developed so-called long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets,


title: "Mosquito net" content: which also use pyrethroid insecticides. There are three types of LLINs — polyester netting which has insecticide bound to the external surface of the netting fibre using a resin; polyethylene which has insecticide incorporated into the fibre and polypropylene which has insecticide incorporated into the fibre. All types can be washed at least 20 times, but physical durability will vary. A survey carried out in Tanzania concluded that effective life of polyester nets was 2 to 3 years; with polyethylene LLINs there is data to support over 5 years of life with trials in showing nets which were still effective


title: "Mosquito net" content: after 7 years. When calculating the cost of LLINs for large-scale malaria prevention campaigns, the cost should be divided by the number of years of expected life: A more expensive net may be cheaper over time. In addition the logistical costs of replacing nets should be added to the calculation. A review of 22 randomized controlled trials of ITNs found (for "Plasmodium falciparum" malaria) that ITNs can reduce deaths in children by one fifth and episodes of malaria by half. More specifically, in areas of stable malaria "ITNs reduced the incidence of uncomplicated malarial episodes by 50% compared to no


title: "Mosquito net" content: nets, and 39% compared to untreated nets" and in areas of unstable malaria "by 62% compared to no nets and 43% compared to untreated nets". As such the review calculated that for every 1000 children protected by ITNs, 5.5 lives would be saved each year. Through the years 1999 and 2010 the abundance of female anopheles gambiae densities in houses throughout western Kenya were recorded. This data set was paired with the spatial data of bed net usage in order to determine correlation. Results showed that from 2008 to 2010 the relative population density of the female anopheles gambiae decreased


title: "Mosquito net" content: from 90.6% to 60.7%. The conclusion of this study showed than as the number of houses which used insecticide treated bed nets increased the population density of female anopheles gambiae decreased. This result did however vary from region to region based on the local environment. Malaria and other arboviruses are known to contribute to economic disparity within that country and vice versa. This opens the stage for corruption associated to the distribution of self-protection aides. The least wealthy members of society are both more likely to be in closer proximity to the vectors' prime habitat and less likely to be


title: "Mosquito net" content: protected from the vectors. This increase in probability of being infected increases the demand for self-protection which therefore allows for higher pricing and uneven distribution of self-protection means. A decrease in per capita income exaggerates a high demand for resources such as water and food resulting in civil unrest among communities. Protecting resources as well as attempting to obtain resources are both a cause for conflict. Mosquito nets do reduce air flow to an extent and sleeping under a net is hotter than sleeping without one, which can be uncomfortable in tropical areas without air-conditioning. Some alternatives are: Mosquito net


title: "Trifolium aureum" content: Trifolium aureum Trifolium aureum, known by the various common names large hop trefoil, large trefoil, large hop clover, golden clover or Hop clover, is a species of clover native to much of Eurasia. Large hop trefoil is a small erect herbaceous biennial plant growing to 10–30 cm tall. Like all clovers, it has leaves divided into three sessile leaflets, each leaflet 15–25 mm long and 6–9 mm broad. Its yellow flowers are arranged into small, elongated round inflorescences 12–20 mm diameter, located at the end of the stem. Each individual flower is decumbent. As they age, the flowers become brown


title: "Trifolium aureum" content: and paper-like. The fruit is a pod usually containing two seeds. The closely related "Trifolium campestre" (hop trefoil) is a similar, but shorter, spreading, species with smaller leaves and flowers. The middle leaflet of its leaves also has a short rachis. The plant is very common, and grows well on poor, undisturbed grounds. While it probably has good nutritive values, perennial species are favored as forage. "Trifolium aureum" is native throughout Europe (in Russia this includes non-European Ciscaucasia and western Siberia; in Spain only in the north-east; and in the European portion of the Ukraine this includes Crimea); western and


title: "Trifolium aureum" content: northern Asia and the Middle East (in Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; northern Iran; Lebanon; and Turkey); and Africa (limited to the Canary Islands). "Trifolium aureum" is widely naturalized in North America: it was first introduced to the U.S. (by way of Pennsylvania) in 1800, where it is now found in the western (as far north as Alaska) and eastern regions of the country, but not in the middle, or very much in the southern states. It is also now found in Canada in all of its southerly provinces (with a possible exception being Manitoba). Trifolium aureum Trifolium aureum, known by the


title: "Copyright law of France" content: of moral rights. In general, the author has the right to "the respect of his name, of his status as author, and of his work" (Art. L121-1). The following rights are usually recognised: The moral rights of the author may conflict with the property rights of the owner of the work, for example an architect who tries to prevent modifications to a building he designed. Such conflicts are resolved on a case by case basis, and recent jurisprudence has led to a weakening of certain moral rights (notably the right to the respect of the work). The moral rights are


title: "Šavnik" content: 2011 had a population of 2,070. The town of Šavnik itself has 472 citizens. Population of Šavnik: Ethnic groups (2003 census): Šavnik Šavnik (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Шавник, ) is a town in Montenegro and administrative center of the Šavnik Municipality. It is located at the confluence of three rivers - Bukovica, Bijela and Šavnik, at an altitude of 840 meters. It is the lowest lying settlement in the municipality. Unlike most settlements in the area, which date back several centuries, Šavnik is relatively new, founded only in 1861. It was populated by migrants from other parts of Montenegro and Herzegovina, mostly