title: "Abraham Iyambo" content: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the work of the Ministry of Agriculture. He also worked as GTZ consultant for the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources and for the Ministry of Education. In 1995 he became a Member of Parliament and was appointed as Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources for a period of two years. In 1997 he was appointed the Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources by President Sam Nujoma, a position he held for 12 years until March 2010. In March 2010 he was appointed the Minister of Education by President Hifikepunye


title: "Ben Marwood" content: the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, and also appeared in the video for Turner's single "Long Live the Queen". After unreleased material featured on a couple of compilation appearances towards the end of 2011, BBC News reported that Marwood was working on a second album. It was confirmed in a blog post on 23 December 2012 that the new album would follow in 2013 and was preceded by a five-song EP featuring re-recorded live takes of previous songs entitled "Incidents/Accidents", released via Bandcamp on a pay-what-you-like basis. Following the Bandcamp release, two further digital EPs were released in February 2013


title: "San Francisco Silent Film Festival" content: Visiting Director was Alexander Payne. On July 14, 2011, the Silent Film Festival announced their presentation, in association with American Zoetrope, The Film Preserve, Photoplay Productions, and British Film Institute, of Abel Gance's "Napoleon" in March 2012 at the Paramount Theatre Oakland. The presentation features the U.S. premiere of the complete restoration by Kevin Brownlow and the U.S. premiere of Carl Davis' orchestral score, with Davis conducting members of the Oakland East Bay Symphony. The film's famous triptych sequences was shown in full Polyvision, with three simultaneous projectors and a 70-foot screen. "Napoleon" had not been screened theatrically in the


title: "GU SRZ Vera" content: Vera exists to improve the situation of Russian children on the margins of society. GU SRZ Vera GU SRZ Vera The social rehabilitation center for minors GU SRZ Vera (ru: Социально-реабилитационный Центр для несовершеннолетних детей "ВЕРА") is a social organization, which tries to reintegrate Russian children on the margins of St. Peterburgian society. The organization GU SRZ Vera attempts to give children out of problem families (alcohol and drug abuse, violence, abuse, neglection...) and street children a new home. The children live in the organization's families together with special helpers, who really care for them. One of the biggest goals


title: "Vipin Sharma" content: Punjabi theater group to perform various odd jobs in Delhi, e.g. selling tickets or serving teas. Vipin Sharma Vipin Sharma is an Indian film actor known for his works predominantly in Hindi cinema. He is an alumnus of National School of Drama, New Delhi, India and the Canadian Film Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), written by Amole Gupte and directed by Aamir Khan, he played the role of a dyslexic child's father. He spend his early childhood in a slum in Delhi. Though he was interested into acting from his early days, he got interested in


title: "New York energy law" content: Management, has responsibility for "Materials Management, Environmental Remediation and Mineral Resources", which would include hydrofracking regulations, if any were to be released. Bradley Field is the Director for "Management and regulation of mineral resource development [and] Oil & Gas Regulation ... [to] Oversee permitting, compliance and enforcement of all regulated wells in New York." All media and other press inquiries must go directly through Emily DeSantis, at Press Operations, who is the Department spokesperson and who issues all press releases. Leff was one of the panelists on NYSBA's 2012 seminar on "Marcellus Shale: New Regulations and Challenges". As of early


title: "Leonard Stanley" content: areas, for 1971 to 1991 we must work with data for over 10,000 wards, and only a very simple industrial classification is available for these. We therefore present long-run industrial change using just six broad sectors. This information is displayed with a table to the right of this page. The first census to report on how well people were housed was that of 1891, but the only statistics gathered were on the number of rooms and the number of people in each household. From 1951 onwards, more questions were asked about 'amenities', meaning specific facilities that households either possessed or


title: Uplifter content: Then again, how important are lyrics in this genre, or even this modern day age of Britney Spears and Lady Gaga? In comparison to that schlock, this is pure poetry." Colin Moriarty of IGN reviewed each of the songs from "Uplifter" one-by-one. He said that while some show 311 maturing musically, there are still songs for the hardcore fans. Moriarty noted that his favorite song from the album was "Get Down," saying, "311 songs with a message and a hard-hitting rap-rock sound have become increasingly rare since the days of Soundsystem and From Chaos, and Get Down is certainly a


title: "Dream Satellite TV" content: the satellite signals of Dream shall be encrypted using a Conditional Access System. Thus, exclusive use of Dream programs and services will only be available to Dream subscribes. In April 1996, Dream was incorporated to the Philippine Multi-Media System, Inc. (PMSI). On February 6, 1998, the Philippine Congress passed into law Republic Act No. 8630 which granted PMSI a franchise to construct, install, maintain and operate for commercial purposes and in the public interest, television and radio broadcasting in the Philippines. The franchise term is 25 years. On February 1, 2000, The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) granted a provisional authority


title: "Euptoieta hegesia" content: Euptoieta hegesia Euptoieta hegesia, the Mexican fritillary, is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The upperside of the wings is bright orange with the basal part of the hindwing unmarked. There is a row of submarginal black spots on both the forewing and the hindwing. The underside of the wings is yellow orange with no submarginal black spots. It has a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 inches. The only similar species in the Mexican fritillary's range is the variegated fritillary ("Euptoieta claudia"). The variegated fritillary has black median lines on the upperside of the hindwing, and


title: "Euptoieta hegesia" content: on the underside of the hindwing it has a pale postmedian band. The Mexican fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona, from July to December in Texas and year-round in Mexico. This species may be encountered in a wide range of open habitats and gardens. The larva is shiny red, with middorsal silver spots edged with black. It has a subdorsal row of white spots ringed with black, a spiracular silver line with black edges, and six rows of black spines. The red head has two long black spines with clubbed ends. The chrysalis is dark brown


title: "Euptoieta hegesia" content: or rarely tan, with gold eyes and short gold lateral and subdorsal cones. On the wing cases, it has a black marking shaped like a "T". It has one to three broods per year. Here is a list of host plants used by the Mexican fritillary: Euptoieta hegesia Euptoieta hegesia, the Mexican fritillary, is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The upperside of the wings is bright orange with the basal part of the hindwing unmarked. There is a row of submarginal black spots on both the forewing and the hindwing. The underside of the wings


title: "Parts washer" content: the bottom and settle to the bottom of the tank. Originally, mixtures of oil distillates such as gasoline, diesel fuel, lacquer thinner or kerosene were used in solvent-based manually operated parts washers, but these are highly volatile and can ignite easily, potentially leading to an explosion and severe burns to the workers. For this reason, the solvent-based "tub" washer typically has a large cover that is propped open by a lead fusible link. In the event of a fire, the lead will melt and the cover will slam shut to snuff out the fire before it can cause further damage


title: "Sandy Pasch" content: member of the Assembly. She was endorsed by Tamara Grigsby. Calls by Coggs to the mostly-black voters at an inner-city candidate forum to "vote for someone who looks like you" led to accusations that she was attacking Pasch, the only white candidate in the race. Several African-American candidates at the forum decried her remarks as racist. None of Pasch's opponents (who included Ieshuh Griffin) had held elected office. "I don't think anyone should vote for anyone on account of their skin color," Griffin said of Coggs' remarks. "It's not about color.". Coggs' predecessor, Polly Williams, describing Pasch as "a White


title: Golliwog content: Golliwog The golliwog, golliwogg or golly is a black fictional character created by Florence Kate Upton that appears in children's books in the late 19th century and usually depicted as a type of rag doll. It was reproduced, both by commercial and hobby toy-makers as a children's toy called the "golliwog", and had great popularity in the UK and Australia into the 1970s. The doll is characterised by black skin, eyes rimmed in white, clown lips and frizzy hair. Though home-made golliwogs were sometimes female, the golliwog was generally male. For this reason, in the period following World War II,


title: Golliwog content: the golliwog was seen, along with the teddy bear, as a suitable soft toy for a young boy. The image of the doll has become the subject of controversy. Whilst some people see the doll as an innocuous toy, its depiction of African people is claimed by others to be racist, along with pickaninnies, minstrels, mammy figures, and other caricatures. The golliwog has been described as "the least known of the major anti-Black caricatures in the United States". In recent years, changing political attitudes with regard to race have reduced the popularity and sales of golliwogs as toys. Manufacturers who


title: Golliwog content: have used golliwogs as a motif (e.g. Robertson's Marmalade in the UK) have either withdrawn them as an icon, or changed the name. In particular, the association of the golliwog with the pejorative term "wog" has resulted in use of alternative names such as "golly" and "golly doll". Florence Kate Upton was born in 1873 in Flushing, New York, United States, the daughter of English parents who had emigrated to the United States three years previously. Following the death of her father, she moved back to England with her mother and sisters when she was fourteen. There she spent several


title: Golliwog content: years drawing and developing her artistic skills. To afford tuition to art school, she illustrated a children's book entitled "The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg." The 1895 book included a character named the Golliwogg, who was first described as "a horrid sight, the blackest gnome", but who quickly turned out to be a friendly character, and is later attributed with a "kind face." A product of the blackface minstrel tradition, the Golliwogg had jet black skin; bright red lips; and wild woolly hair. He wore red trousers, a shirt with a stiff collar, red bow-tie, and a


title: Golliwog content: blue jacket with tails – all traditional minstrel attire. Upton's book and its many sequels were extremely successful in England, largely because of the popularity of the Golliwogg. Upton did not trademark her character, and its name, spelt "golliwog", became the generic name for dolls and images of a similar type. The golliwog doll became a popular children's toy throughout most of the 20th century, and was incorporated into many aspects of British commerce and culture; for instance, some of Enid Blyton's books feature them, often as a villain and sometimes as heroes. Upton's Golliwogg was jovial, friendly and gallant,


title: Golliwog content: but some later golliwogs were sinister or menacing characters. Golliwog (also 'Gollywog') depictions are within similar range to other fine-to-foul cultural portrayals, but harsh anti-Black racism in USA and abroad weighted them toward the negative. Still, "Gollywog's Picture Book" [A.E. Kennedy c.1950, pub. Collins (London, Glasgow)] presents an uplifting life for Golly. Of his toy and real friends, some are white; a white boy grips his hand in smiling welcome and others play Cricket with him. Like Upton's Golliwog, Kennedy's Golly is gracious, adventurous and eager to help. Always well-dressed, he is an equal in every situation. The caring (if


title: Golliwog content: not loving) tone throughout may have been the author's attempt to foster positive views of Gollywogs and the real people they represented, or at least to counter negative perceptions. [Used copies of this book are available online.] The golliwog contributed enormously to the spread of blackface iconography in Europe. It also made its way back across the Atlantic in the form of children's literature, dolls, children's china and other toys, ladies' perfume, and jewellery. "Golliwogg's Cakewalk" is the sixth and final piece in the "Children's Corner", a suite for piano published by Claude Debussy in 1908. British jam manufacturer James


title: Golliwog content: Robertson & Sons used a golliwog called Golly as its mascot from 1910, after John Robertson apparently saw children playing with golliwog dolls in the United States. Robertson's started producing promotional Golly badges in the 1920s, which could be obtained in exchange for tokens gained from their products. In 1983, the company's products were boycotted by the Greater London Council as offensive, and in 1988 the character ceased to be used in television advertising. The company used to give away golliwog badges and small plaster figures playing musical instruments (jazz musicians) or sports and other such themes. The Gollywog badge


title: Golliwog content: collection scheme was withdrawn in 2001. According to an editorial in "The Times" newspaper, golliwogs were banned by the Nazis in 1934 on the grounds they were inappropriate toys for young German children, "for of all non-Aryans none is more completely non-Aryan than he [Golliwog]... Some say he is so attractive an advertisement for a black face that his presence makes it harder to teach the young to wash." In a statement reported by the BBC, Virginia (Ginny) C. Knox, previously brand director for Robertson's and later Chief Operating Officer of the Culinary Brands Division of RHM, told "The Herald"


title: Golliwog content: newspaper in Scotland in 2001 that the decision to remove the Golly symbol from Robertson's jam and marmalade jars was taken after research found that children were not familiar with the character, although it still appealed to the older generations. "We sell 45 million jars of jam and marmalade each year and they have pretty much all got Golly on them," said Ms Knox. "We also sell 250,000 Golly badges to collectors and only get 10 letters a year from people who don't like the Golliwog image." Today, Robertson's Golly badges remain highly collectible, with the very rarest sometimes selling


title: Golliwog content: for more than £1,000. An aniseed-flavoured chewy confection called a Blackjack was marketed in the United Kingdom from the 1920s with a golliwog's face on the wrapper. In the late 1980s, Trebor, the manufacturer, replaced the image with the face of a black-bearded pirate. Art historian Sir Kenneth Clark said that the golliwogs of his childhood were "examples of chivalry, far more persuasive than the unconvincing Knights of the Arthurian legend." A classic contortionist act is the rag doll act often performed in a golliwog costume, therefore also called the golliwogg act. In "" and "", Alan Moore and Kevin


title: Golliwog content: O'Neill included Upton's original Golliwog with a slightly reimagined, alien past. When this was attacked as a racist character, Moore responded that the Upton's original Golliwog "was a dignified and respectable figure. His courage and strength of character were ably demonstrated in his picaresque adventures, as was his intellectual acumen." In March 2007, Greater Manchester Police seized two golliwogs from a shop after a complaint that the dolls were offensive. In September 2008, a woman from Stockport claimed she was arrested for keeping a "golly doll" in her window. Greater Manchester Police denied this and said she was arrested after


title: Golliwog content: a series of complaints of alleged racially aggravated behaviour were made against her. In February 2009, Carol Thatcher, daughter of Margaret Thatcher, former British Prime Minister, in an off-air conversation at the BBC, referred to the black French tennis player Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, competing in the Australian Open, as looking like a golliwog. The comment was considered by the BBC as "wholly unacceptable" and Thatcher was informed that unless she apologised she would no longer be a reporter on BBC's "The One Show". Thatcher stated that it was a silly joke and declined to make an "unconditional apology". Thatcher claimed that


title: Golliwog content: her comment was a reference to the golliwog motifs that she saw in her childhood on jars of jam (made by Robertson's). In April 2009 she appeared on the BBC in an interview on "The Andrew Marr Show" for the first time since the scandal, defending her use of the word. The French publication "Sportsweek" claimed that Thatcher, in talking about a previous competition, referred to another player as "the one who was defeated by the "golliwog" in the previous tour." The French publication, which showed a picture of Tsonga above a picture of a toy golliwog, claimed that Thatcher


title: Golliwog content: was "mortified" and that her comment was about the similarity of Tsonga's appearance to the doll that she had as a child. In March 2011, two prospective Conservative local councillors resigned from the party after their membership was suspended following complaints from fellow party members that they had used images of golliwogs as part of a protest against political correctness. Bill and Star Etheridge, a married couple from the West Midlands who were due to stand in council elections for the Dudley borough, criticised the Conservative Party for going back on a pre-election pledge to curb political correctness, and felt


title: Golliwog content: that the action taken against them was "stifling" the right to free speech. They then defected to the UK Independence Party. Bill Etheridge was elected to the European Parliament in 2014 as a UKIP candidate. In December 2013, a councillor in Brighton, was forced to apologise for stating to a newspaper reporter that golliwogs were not racist. Cllr Dawn Barnett was defending a local shop which was selling golliwog drinks mats. In her opinion, "I said I can see no harm in them. They are nostalgic, I'm 72 years old. My generation grew up with them." Bert Williams, speaking on


title: Golliwog content: behalf of Brighton and Hove Black History Group, said the word "golliwog" was historically used to tease black people, of which he had personal experience. In April 2018, a man was fined £250 plus £85 costs for displaying a golliwog in a window opposite two Indian restaurants. He pleaded guilty to "displaying it with intent to cause harassment, alarm or distress and that the offence was racially aggravated." In July 2018, a YouGov poll was set up that asked 1,660 Britons whether it was "racist to sell or display a golliwog doll", to which a 63% responded "No", 20% "Yes",


title: Golliwog content: and 17% "I'm Not Sure". In December 2013, in Toowoomba, Australia, Darrell Lea Chocolate Shop made no comment when customers complained about their sale of golliwogs. On 1 December 2016, Australian Aboriginal activist, author and filmmaker Dr Stephen Hagan caused a national controversy when he labelled Toowoomba the "most racist city in Australia" after a display of nine golliwog dolls were placed by Terry White Chemists underneath a sign inviting shoppers to "Experience a White Christmas" (referring to the name Terry White Chemists). The controversy began when Toowoomba man George Helon spotted the dolls unfortunately placed beneath the sign and


title: Golliwog content: circulated a picture of it on Facebook and Twitter. The display was only in one store, as a franchisee can "stock and sell products at their discretion", however Terry White Chemists banned the sale of the doll in any franchise afterwards. Golliwog The golliwog, golliwogg or golly is a black fictional character created by Florence Kate Upton that appears in children's books in the late 19th century and usually depicted as a type of rag doll. It was reproduced, both by commercial and hobby toy-makers as a children's toy called the "golliwog", and had great popularity in the UK and


title: "1929 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season" content: 1929 Buffalo Bisons (NFL) season The 1929 Buffalo Bisons season was their ninth and final season in the league. The team marginally improved on their previous output of 0–5, winning one game. They finished tenth in the league. After suspending operations halfway through the 1927 season, the Buffalo Bisons, name intact, returned for what turned out to be a farewell season, with Al Jolley (a former player for the Oorang Indians) taking over as head coach. Jolley's dubious trademark was his teams' lack of offensive production; the Bisons never scored more than 7 points in the entire season (they had


title: "Josh George" content: event, went out in the first round of the men's 400 metres - T53 event, went out in the first round of the men's 4 x 400 metre relay - T53 event and finished sixteenth in the men's Marathon - T54 event In November 2014, George traveled to Brazil as a SportsUnited Sports Envoy for the U.S. Department of State. In this function, he worked with Allyson Felix to conduct clinics, speeches and other events for 510 youth, many of whom had disabilities or came from marginalized communities. The program was designed to remove barriers and create activities that benefit


title: "Vincent Buckley Poetry Prize" content: Vincent Buckley Poetry Prize The Vincent Buckley Poetry Prize is a biennial award that is offered alternately to enable an Australian poet to visit Ireland and to facilitate the visit of an Irish poet to Melbourne. It provides the recipient with a return airfare, a contribution towards living expenses and an honorary fellowship at the Australian Centre in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne. The prize was established in 1992 to commemorate the life and work of Vincent Buckley by reflecting his "love of and commitment to both Australian and Irish poetry". Buckley was


title: "Market Identifier Code" content: Market Identifier Code The "Market Identifier Code" (MIC) (ISO 10383) is a unique identification code used to identify securities trading exchanges, regulated and non-regulated trading markets. The MIC is a four alphanumeric character code, and is defined in ISO 10383. by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For example, trades that are executed on the US NASDAQ market are identified using MIC code XNAS. "ISO 10383" is the ISO standard which "specifies a universal method of identifying exchanges, trading platforms and regulated or non-regulated markets as sources of prices and related information in order to facilitate automated processing." The FIX


title: "Bomb Pop" content: is celebrated on the last Thursday in June. Bomb Pop Bomb Pops are a frozen confection currently manufactured by Wells Enterprises. The original flavor contains Cherry, Lime, and Blue Raspberry flavorings. As of 2015, there are 9 main Bomb Pop flavors. The current Bomb Pop flavors are Original, Fruit Bomb, Watermelon, Hawaiian Punch, WARHEADS, Jolly Rancher, Original Sugar Free, Banana Fudge, and Tongue Splashers. Bomb Pops were invented by James S. Merritt and D.S. Abernethy in Kansas City, Missouri on July 30, 1955. When D.S Abernethy's company Merritt Foods closed down, Wells' Dairy bought the business including Bomb Pops. In


title: "Sakasai Station" content: Sakasai Station Sakasai Station is served by the 62.7 km Tobu Urban Park Line from in Saitama Prefecture to in Chiba Prefecture, and lies 48.0 km from the western terminus of the line at Ōmiya. Sakasai Station has two opposed side platforms serving two tracks, with an elevated station house. Sakasai Station was opened in 1931 as a signal stop on the Sobu Railways. It was elevated to a full station in 1949. The current station building was completed in 1985. From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on all Tobu lines, with Sakasai Station becoming "TD-27". In fiscal


title: "Nissan Juke" content: Nissan Juke The Nissan Juke () is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan since 2010. The production version made its debut at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March, and was introduced to North America at the 2010 New York International Auto Show to be sold for the 2011 model year. The name ""juke"" means to dance or change directions demonstrating agility. On 11 February 2009, Nissan announced that the model would go into production at the Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd (NMUK) plant in Sunderland, UK, during 2010 following its appearance as the Nissan Qazana


title: "Nissan Juke" content: concept car at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show. The Sunderland plant (NMUK) manufactures for the European market, while Nissan's facility in Oppama, Japan, produces the vehicle for all other countries and is the sole supplier of the all-wheel drive variant. The car was launched in the UK on September 24, 2010. In Japan, where the car was launched on 9 June 2010, orders totalled 10,943 units in its first month, surpassing Nissan's monthly target of 1,300. By 5 October 2010, Japanese sales had increased to 20,000 while European and US figures also exceeded expectations with orders for 30,000 and 17,500


title: "Nissan Juke" content: cars taken for the respective markets. The Juke is sold in China as the rebadged Infiniti ESQ. In 2014, at the International Auto Show in Geneva, Nissan unveiled the revised Nissan Juke for 2015 model year, which went on sale in the summer of 2014. On the exterior, the revision is basically limited to LED accent lights in front, while new standard equipment includes a rear-view camera, keyless go and Bluetooth hands-free phone system. A NISMO version powered by an uprated variant of the standard 1.6L Turbo joined the lineup for the 2013 model year and was followed by a


title: "Nissan Juke" content: NISMO RS for the 2014 model year. The Juke was designed at Nissan Design Europe in London and refined at Nissan's Design Centre in Japan. It is based on the Nissan B platform. The car's profile is dominated by the prominent wheel arches and the body's high waistline which contrast with the slim side windows, which is a modern interpretation of "coke bottle styling" popular during the 1960s and 1970s. Echoing a style first seen on the Maxima, Nissan's high performance electric coupé concept shown at the 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show, the glasshouse resembles a crash helmet visor. A coupé-like


title: "Nissan Juke" content: appearance is achieved by the rear door handles being located near the C-pillars, within the window frame. Locating the rear door handles within the window frame is a Nissan styling tradition, begun with the 1985 Nissan Pathfinder, copied from the first generation of the Lancia Y. The sport motif continues inside with the red- or grey-painted centre console bearing similarity to a motorcycle fuel tank. The front end features a stacked array of lights. Running lamps and indicators are mounted atop the front wings, their lenses visible from inside the cabin as an aid to manoeuvring. Below them, under the


title: "Nissan Juke" content: lower edges of an expansive, curved grille, the main headlamps are intended to be reminiscent of those fitted to rally cars during the 1960s and 1970s. Where fitted, fog lamps are situated on a third level within the sump guard at the bottom. The Juke features seating for five (two in front, three in back). The rear seats have a 60/40 split and can be folded down independently in order to carry larger objects. The rear cargo area is small but features additional storage beneath the floor (front wheel drive models only). The steering column instrumentation cluster features a tachometer,


title: "Nissan Juke" content: speedometer, and a small display between them that displays real-time fuel efficiency, odometer, and trip odometer. The center portion of the dash contains the radio and the I-CON control (if so equipped—see below). Depending on market and trim level the Juke may be equipped with: iPod or USB connectivity, NissanConnect GPS navigation, rear-view camera, and Bluetooth audio. A somewhat deep glovebox on the passenger side houses an iPod connector (if so equipped). Common to all but base models is Nissan's Integrated Control System, dubbed I-CON: a command module that sits in the lower dashboard, which manages both the climate control


title: "Nissan Juke" content: and the vehicle's drive mode (Normal, Sport or Eco). Its display and nomenclature change according to the function selected. Among the available display data are fuel efficiency stats, real-time G-force measurements, and turbo boost pressure. The original Juke serves as the base model for the other Juke models. The Juke has different trim designations depending on international markets. New for 2013, the NISMO version differs from the base Juke in styling changes to the bumpers and skirts, interior styling, modified suspension and steering, wheels, an unspecified "torque vectoring" option, and engine tuning. The engine is rated at @6,000 rpm and


title: "Nissan Juke" content: of torque @ 2,000 rpm. For the American Market there is also a higher-end Nismo RS variant, with upgraded standard equipment (Recaro front seats, carbon fiber). The engine is upgraded to @6,300 rpm and @3,600 rpm. The New York Times review was generally positive, but: "About that styling: I love it, but you might hate it. ... The face is dominated by bug-eye headlamps, and the running lights bulge up above the hood such that they’re in the driver’s line of sight. At night, the effect is of large bio-luminescent slugs lounging atop the front fenders. Admittedly, it’s more appealing


title: "Nissan Juke" content: than I’m making it sound." The Juke-R is a limited production run Juke with a Nissan GT-R's VR engine that produces . Nissan has recently announced a total of 23 Juke-Rs will be produced with the 2013 GT-R's running gear and performance stats. The Juke ACENTA is the latest production model Juke with a DIG-T 115 2WD petrol Engine with a fuel consumption of 50.4 mpg and a CO2 Emission rating of 129g/km, it has a six-speed manual transmission. Body sizes are: Height 1565mm, Length 4635mm, Body Width 1765mm. Beginning in 2014 the Juke has been sold in China as


title: "Nissan Juke" content: the Infiniti ESQ. As of 2016, the ESQ is the only Infiniti model not to have a name beginning with the letter Q. In August 2013, Nissan launched a commercial for the Juke, featuring Stormtroopers from the "Star Wars" series. It was reported that customers of the Juke mainly consisted of young buyers and the elderly, resulting in an average age in the late 40s. In Europe, it is Nissan's second best-selling car behind the Qashqai. U.S. sales of the Juke are slowing in 2015, but the crossover sold an impressive 38,000 units in 2013 and 2014, and about 36,000


title: "Nissan Juke" content: copies in 2011 and 2012. Nissan Juke The Nissan Juke () is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese manufacturer Nissan since 2010. The production version made its debut at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March, and was introduced to North America at the 2010 New York International Auto Show to be sold for the 2011 model year. The name ""juke"" means to dance or change directions demonstrating agility. On 11 February 2009, Nissan announced that the model would go into production at the Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd (NMUK) plant in Sunderland, UK, during 2010 following its


title: "Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea case" content: brought a case against Ukraine to the International Court of Justice, as part of a dispute over the maritime boundary between the two states in the Black Sea, and claimed that Snake island had no socioeconomic significance. Islands are generally considered when boundaries are delimited by the states themselves or by a third party, such as the ICJ. Depending on individual circumstances, islands may theoretically have full, partial or no effect on determinations of entitlement to maritime areas. However, in practice, even islets are often respected in maritime delimitation. For example, Aves Island was considered in the United States –


title: "Stephen Zetterberg" content: campaign, a group called "Democrats for Nixon" sent out postcards addressed to "Fellow Democrats". Under California law at the time, the incumbent was listed first on the ballot, and was identified as such. According to Zetterberg in a 1972 interview, some voters showed him their sample ballots, convinced Nixon was the Democratic incumbent. Cross-filing was hardly unusual in California. In 1946, Governor Earl Warren, several state officers, twelve of the twenty-three members of the House of Representatives, and much of the State Legislature had secured election by cross-filing. In 1946, both Nixon and Voorhis had cross filed, each unsuccessfully. Zetterberg


title: "Charlotte Munck" content: stars in the music video for "Show Stopper" from the album "I Feel Cream" by Peaches. Charlotte Munck Charlotte Munck (born 2 December 1969) is a Danish actress. She is notable for starring in the Danish police television drama "Anna Pihl" as the title character, which was aired on TV2. She was born in Aarhus and raised in the Oersted Djursland, about 14 miles from Randers. She was raised in a family of five, until she was 18 years old, and then moved to Copenhagen. She has three siblings who are all musicians. The eldest sister is the singer in


title: "Hydraulic splitter" content: with the predrilled hole-making. As the spacing between hole is near to front and side, the number of holes required are quite many. With manual type splitter, the wedge type splitter requires 20~25cm space, while piston type splitter requires 40~50cm. Larger size wedge splitter requires large spacing as much as 50~70cm. Large size piston splitter requires 60~100cm spacing . Large size wedge splitter or piston splitter is mounted on a vehicle like excavator. More and more strict environmental regulation( noise or vibration, dust, flying rock) increases the demand for hydraulic rock ( or concrete) splitting across the world. Hydraulic splitter


title: "Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement" content: professionals in Canada to question the legality of the Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement. As of February 2017, increasing numbers of refugee claimants began to cross the Canadian border at locations other than official border checkpoints. This is in order to avoid the effects of the agreement, any refugees presenting at a border crossing would be automatically turned back to the United States under the STCA provisions. In some cases, these refugees have received amputations due to frostbite and concerns have been raised that some refugees may freeze to death on their way across the border. Julie Taub, an


title: "Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming)" content: Hell's Half Acre (Wyoming) Hell's Half Acre is a large scarp located about west of Casper, Wyoming on US 20/26. Encompassing , this geologic oddity is composed of deep ravines, caves, rock formations and hard-packed eroded earth. Hell's Half Acre was used as the location for the fictional planet of Klendathu in the movie "Starship Troopers". The location was known as "The Devil's Kitchen", "The Pits of Hades", and "The Baby Grand Canyon" until a cowhand appeared and thought he was at Hell's Half Acre, an area southwest of Casper full of alkali and bogs. Native American tribes used the


title: "Nikita Demidov" content: to Demidov and put a new foundry in the Urals under his command - it became Russia's first true armaments factory. Between 1716 and 1725 Nikita built four new metallurgical factories in the Urals. During Russia's Great Northern War against Sweden (1700–1721), the Demidov factories became the main supplier to the Russian army, supplying cannons, pistols, swords and other munitions, producing them twice as fast and twice as cheaply as the competition and thus making a decisive contribution to the Russian victory. On 21 September he was ennobled by Tsar Peter the Great in reward for his services. He died


title: Normans content: all Apulia and Calabria"") in 1047. From these bases, the Normans eventually captured Sicily and Malta from the Saracens, under the leadership of the famous Robert Guiscard, a Hauteville, and his younger brother Roger the Great Count. Roger's son, Roger II of Sicily, was crowned king in 1130 (exactly one century after Rainulf was "crowned" count) by Antipope Anacletus II. The Kingdom of Sicily lasted until 1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen through marriage. The Normans left their legacy in many castles, such as William Iron Arm's citadel at Squillace, and cathedrals, such as Roger II's


title: "Memento Park" content: Memento Park Memento Park (Hungarian: "Szoborpark") is an open-air museum in Budapest, Hungary, dedicated to monumental statues and sculpted plaques from Hungary's Communist period (1949–1989). There are statues of Lenin, Marx, and Engels, as well as several Hungarian Communist leaders. The park was designed by Hungarian architect Ákos Eleőd, who won the competition announced by the Budapest General Assembly (Fővárosi Közgyűlés) in 1991. On public transport diagrams and other documents the park is usually shown as Memorial Park. A quote by the architect on the project: "This park is about dictatorship. And at the same time, because it can be


title: "Memento Park" content: talked about, described, built, this park is about democracy. After all, only democracy is able to give the opportunity to let us think freely about dictatorship." Memento Park is divided into two sections: Statue Park, officially named "A Sentence About Tyranny" Park after a poem of the same name by Gyula Ilyés, and laid out as 6 oval sections; and Witness Square (also called "Neverwas Square"), which lies east of the main park entrance and is visible without payment. Statue Park houses 42 of the statues/monuments that were removed from Budapest after the fall of communism. Witness Square holds a


title: "Memento Park" content: replica of Stalin's Boots which became a symbol of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 after the statue of Stalin was pulled down from its pedestal in 1956, and is flanked by two single storey timber structures housing the internal exhibition space, their design being evocative of simple internment camp buildings. After the fall of the Communist regime in Hungary in 1989, many of the Communist statues and monuments were immediately removed. These formed the basis for the current collection of statues in the park. On June 29, 1993, the second anniversary of the withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Hungarian


title: "Memento Park" content: territory, the park celebrated a grand opening as a public outdoor museum. 2006 marked a new chapter in the history of Memento Park. A life-sized copy of the tribune of the Stalin Monument in Budapest was built in the Statue Park with the broken bronze shoes on top of the pedestal. This is not an accurate copy of the original but only an artistic recreation by Ákos Eleőd. In 2007 a new exhibition hall and a small movie theater were opened in the Witness Square of Memento Park. The photo exhibition called "Stalin's Boots" in the exhibition hall takes the


title: "Memento Park" content: viewer through the history of the 1956 revolution, of the political changes of 1989-1990 and of Memento Park, with both English and Hungarian captions. In the barracks-theater one can see "The Life of an Agent", a documentary on the methods used by the secret police, directed by Gábor Zsigmond Papp. The film is shown in Hungarian with English subtitles. Memento Park, beyond its role as a tourist attraction, also functions as a cultural and educational site housing art projects, festivals, professional and public events. There are Retro Festivals, Film Festivals, and several cultural programs. To the youngest visitors, there is


title: "Memento Park" content: a museum-education program that sheds light on the exhibits and helps students to process what they learn. The park is a popular site for tourists. It is accessible by public transportation as well as a direct bus from Deák Ferenc tér. The park is open every day from 10:00am until sunset. Public bus transport to Memento Park is available from "Kelenföld vasútállomás" (railway/metro station) with buses no. 101 and 150 to "Budatétény vasútállomás/Memento park". Kelenföld railway station (Kelenföld pályaudvar) is at the end of Metro No. 4 and can be accessed from the following metro stations: From the Pest side:


title: "Memento Park" content: From the Buda side: Tickets cost 1,500 HUF or 1,000 HUF students with ISIC. Discounts are available with the Budapest Card. Memento Park Memento Park (Hungarian: "Szoborpark") is an open-air museum in Budapest, Hungary, dedicated to monumental statues and sculpted plaques from Hungary's Communist period (1949–1989). There are statues of Lenin, Marx, and Engels, as well as several Hungarian Communist leaders. The park was designed by Hungarian architect Ákos Eleőd, who won the competition announced by the Budapest General Assembly (Fővárosi Közgyűlés) in 1991. On public transport diagrams and other documents the park is usually shown as Memorial Park. A


title: "Economic history of China before 1912" content: rebelled against the Tang army. This rebellion, known as the Huang Chao Rebellion, lasted ten years and destroyed the countryside from Guangzhou to Chang'an. Following the rebellion, two generals, the Shatuo Li Keqiang and the former rebel Zhu Wen, dominated the Tang court. Civil war broke out again in the early 10th century, ending with Zhu Wen's victory. Following his victory, Zhu Wen forced the Tang emperor to abdicate, and the Tang empire disintegrated into a group of states known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was a period of warfare and disruption.


title: "Alberta Bible College" content: resettled their family in Calgary during Canada's centennial summer, 1967. Over the next seventeen years, Lammiman ("Mr. L") and the faculty and staff upgraded academic standards and created the "Christian Service Lab" and internship practicum. With Miss Aileen Case, Lammiman instituted predictable administrative process for the school's academic year. With James Chapman, Lammiman improved ABC's relations with its constituency, both donors and congregations. Alice Fraser (now, Mitchell), M.Div. (Cincinnati) was made full-time dean and instructor in 1967 till her departure in 1973. Gary Hatt, M.Div. (Emmanuel) was recruited in her place in 1974. In 1975, Ron Fraser, a recent graduate,


title: "LEI Wageningen UR" content: for the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. The Agricultural Economic Report and other annual reports present an impression of the financial and economic position of companies and sectors. LEI – originally the Landbouw Economisch Instituut (Agricultural Economics Institute) – was established in the late 1930s by agricultural organisations. In the 1970s it became part of the Dutch ministry of Agriculture and in the 1990s it was privatised. LEI now forms part of Wageningen University and Research Centre, within which it combines with the Department of Social Sciences to form the Social Sciences Group. LEI Wageningen UR LEI is


title: "James Buchanan High School" content: school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district. Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate. By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2017, public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the Keystone Exams. For the class of 2019, a composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam


title: "Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath" content: shown as an expense of 19 shillings 10 d. in his surviving household accounts. On Tuesday 13 September 1642 Bourchier accompanied by a substantial group of local royalist gentry entered South Molton for the purpose of reading his commission and raising troops, but was met by an angry mob of over 1,000 persons who were "in a great rage with the mayor and his company for giving licence that they should enter and swore that if they did attempt anything there or read their commission of array they would beat them all down and kill them (even) if they were


title: "Mathematisch-Physikalischer Salon" content: munition chamber). In 1724 the mathematical and physical instruments were separated from the armory and other collections of the elector and stored in the newly established “Königliches Cabinet der mathematischen und physikalischen Instrumente” (royal cabinet of mathematical and physical instruments). Until 1746 this was the official name of the collection which concentrated on instruments for measuring length, temperature, weight, volume and time. Since 1728 the royal cabinet can be found in the Zwinger. The first residence of the cabinet was the pavilion of the carillon in the Dresden Zwinger. In 1746 the collection was removed to a part of the


title: "Obadiah Bush" content: died aboard a ship on his way back to California and was given a sea burial. Obadiah Bush Obadiah Newcomb Bush (January 28, 1797 – February 9, 1851) was an American prospector and businessman. He is an ancestor and founder of the Bush political family. Obadiah Newcomb Bush was born on January 18, 1797 in Penfield, New York. His father, Timothy Bush Jr. (1766–1850), was a blacksmith; his mother was Lydia Newcomb (1763–1835). His paternal grandfather, Capt. Timothy Bush Sr. (1735–1815), was an American Revolution militia captain. Bush served in the War of 1812. In Rochester, New York, he became


title: "Glee (TV series)" content: Lea Michele sounding raw—and lovely—on a "What a Girl Wants", or Monteith singing a perfectly credible REO Speedwagon in the shower, there's Michele and Monteith sounding like 1990s-era Cher on "No Air", or Monteith sounding like the Monteith XRZ-200 on the out-of-the-shower version of "Can't Fight This Feeling". During the second season, Rob Sheffield for "Rolling Stone" noted the Britney Spears and "Rocky Horror" tribute episodes as examples when he lauded "Glee" and its choice of music. He praised Murphy for his selection and resurrection of "forgotten" pop songs and compared the show's uniqueness to "MTV in its prime" as


title: "Floral diagram" content: Floral diagram Floral diagram is a graphic representation of flower structure. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution. They were introduced in the late 19th century and are generally attributed to A. W. Eichler. In the 19th century, two contrasting methods of describing the flower were introduced: the textual floral formulae and pictorial floral diagrams. Floral diagrams are credited to A. W. Eichler, his extensive work "Blüthendiagramme" (1875, 1878) remains a


title: "APEC Russia 2012" content: the conference, which stands at 351 billion rubles, may be reduced by 25 billion rubles, due to reduction in the price of construction materials and streamlining of works. Despite these reductions, the Ministry of Finance of Russia announced in March 2009 that due to the crisis the federal budget was unlikely to have the previously committed 202 billion rubles fully available to finance the summit preparation projects. One of the proposed resolutions was to move the summit to Saint Petersburg, as that city's infrastructure is better developed to host the summit and would be less costly. Originally, First Deputy Prime


title: "Argentine ant" content: Argentine ant The Argentine ant ("Linepithema humile"), formerly "Iridomyrmex humilis", is an ant native to northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil. It is an invasive species that has been established in many Mediterranean climate areas, inadvertently introduced by humans to many places, including South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, Easter Island, Australia, Europe, Hawaii, and the continental United States. The worker ants are long and can easily squeeze through cracks and holes as small as in size. Queens are long, much smaller than other species of ants. These ants will set up quarters in the ground, in cracks in


title: "Argentine ant" content: concrete walls, in spaces between boards and timbers, even among belongings in human dwellings. In natural areas, they generally nest shallowly in loose leaf litter or beneath small stones, due to their poor ability to dig deeper nests. However, if a deeper nesting ant species abandons their nest, Argentine ant colonies will readily take over the space. Austrian entomologist Gustav L. Mayr identified the first specimens of "Hypoclinea humilis" in the vicinity of Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1866. This species was shortly transferred to the genus "Iridomyrmex", and finally to "Linepithema" in the early 1990s. The native range of Argentine


title: "Argentine ant" content: ants is limited to around major waterways in the lowland areas of the Paraná River drainage. They have recently spread into parts of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The species has become established in at least 15 countries throughout the world, on six continents, as well as many oceanic islands. According to research published in "Insectes Sociaux" in 2009, it was discovered that ants from three Argentine ant supercolonies in America, Europe, and Japan, that were previously thought to be separate, were in fact most likely to be genetically related. The three colonies in question were one in


title: "Argentine ant" content: Europe, stretching along the Mediterranean coast, the "Californian large" colony, stretching along the coast of California, and a third on the west coast of Japan. Based on a similarity in the chemical profile of hydrocarbons on the cuticles of the ants from each colony, and on the ants' non-aggressive and grooming behaviour when interacting, compared to their behaviour when mixing with ants from other super-colonies from the coast of Catalonia in Spain and from Kobe in Japan, researchers concluded that the three colonies studied actually represented a single global super-colony. The researchers stated that "enormous extent of this population is


title: "Argentine ant" content: paralleled only by human society", and had probably been spread and maintained by human travel. They have been extraordinarily successful, in part, because different nests of the introduced Argentine ants seldom attack or compete with each other, unlike most other species of ant. In their introduced range, their genetic makeup is so uniform that individuals from one nest can mingle in a neighboring nest without being attacked. Thus, in most of their introduced range, they form supercolonies. "Some ants have an extraordinary social organization, called unicoloniality, whereby individuals mix freely among physically separated nests. This type of social organization is


title: "Argentine ant" content: not only a key attribute responsible for the ecological domination of these ants, but also an evolutionary paradox and a potential problem for kin selection theory because relatedness between nest mates is effectively zero." The Very Large Colony, which covers territory from San Diego to beyond San Francisco, may have a population of nearly one trillion individuals. Conflict does occur between members of different supercolonies. In 1997, UC San Diego researchers observed fighting between different Argentine ants kept in lab, and in 2004 scientists began to map out the boundaries of the different supercolonies that clashed in San Diego. On


title: "Argentine ant" content: the border of the Very Large Colony and the Lake Hodges Colony thirty million ants die each year on a battlefront that covers miles. In contrast, native populations are more genetically diverse, genetically differentiated (among colonies and across space), and form colonies that are much smaller than the supercolonies that dominate the introduced range. Argentine ants in their native South America also co-exist with many other species of ants, and do not attain the high population densities that characterize introduced populations. In a series of experiments, ants of the same colony were isolated and fed different diets. The hydrocarbons from


title: "Argentine ant" content: the diet were eventually incorporated into the cuticle of the subjects. Those that had the same diet appeared to recognize one another as kin. Those who had at least some overlap in dietary composition also appeared to react non-aggressively to one another. These interactions contrasts drastically with the groups that fed on completely different sources, such as those who lived off flies and those that fed on grasshoppers. The groups appeared to have incorporated hydrocarbons that were not similar to the others and created an unfamiliar identity cue. These groups reacted violently towards each other. This suggests that dietary factors


title: "Argentine ant" content: affect the recognition cues for colony members. Like workers in many other ant species, Argentine ant workers are unable to lay reproductive eggs but can direct the development of eggs into reproductive females; the production of males appears to be controlled by the amount of food available to the larvae. Argentine ant colonies almost invariably have many reproductive queens, as many as eight for every 1,000 workers. The queens seldom or never disperse in winged form. Instead, colonies reproduce by budding off into new units. As few as ten workers and a single queen can establish a new colony. The


title: "Argentine ant" content: seasonal low occurs in mid-winter, when 90% of a representative colony consisted of workers and the remainder of queens, and no reproductive activity and minimal birthing. Eggs are produced in late-winter, nearly all of which hatch into sexual forms by May. Mating occurs after the females emerge. Worker production increases steadily from mid-March to October, after which their numbers are not replenished; thus, their numbers drop steadily over the winter months. Colonies in the Argentine ant's native habitat are kept within a range of ten to one hundred meters by colonies of interspecific and intraspecific rivals. As the colonies expand,


title: "Argentine ant" content: they appear to form fluctuating territory borders, which contract and expand on a seasonal and conditional basis. There is an expansive push outward in the summer months, with a retreating motion in the winter. This has to do with soil moisture and temperature conditions. At the edges of these borders are either rival "L. humile" colonies or other obstacles that prevent further expansion, such as an inhospitable environment for nesting. The ants are ranked among the world's 100 worst animal invaders. In its introduced range, the Argentine ant often displaces most or all native ants. This can, in turn, imperil


title: "Argentine ant" content: other species in the ecosystem, such as native plants that depend on native ants for seed dispersal, or lizards that depend on native ants for food. For example, the recent severe decline in coastal horned lizards in southern California is closely tied to Argentine ants displacing native ant species on which the lizards feed. Argentine ants sometimes tend aphid colonies, and their protection of this plant pest from predators and parasitoids can cause problems in agricultural areas. In return for this protection, the ants benefit by feeding off an excretion known as honeydew. Thus, when Argentine ants invade an agricultural


title: "Argentine ant" content: area, the population densities of these plant parasites increase and so does the damage they cause to crops. There is also evidence that the presence of Argentine ant may decrease the number of pollinators that visit natural flowering plants via predation on the larvae of the pollinators. Argentine ants are a common household pest, often entering structures in search of food or water (particularly during dry or hot weather), or to escape flooded nests during periods of heavy rainfall. When they invade a kitchen, it is not uncommon to see two or three queens foraging along with the workers. Eliminating


title: "Argentine ant" content: a single queen does not stop the colony's ability to breed. A non-toxic way to eradicate these ants is by dusting the trails, feeding sites and nest entrances with diatomaceous earth, if the problem is inside the home use food grade earth. Borate-sucrose water baits are toxic to Argentine ants, when the bait is 25% sucrose water, with 0.5–1.0% boric acid or borate salts. Due to their nesting behavior and presence of numerous queens in each colony, it is generally impractical to spray Argentine ants with pesticides or to use boiling water as with mound building ants. Spraying with pesticides


title: "Argentine ant" content: has occasionally stimulated increased egg-laying by the queens, compounding the problem. Pest control usually requires exploiting their omnivorous dietary habits, through use of slow-acting poison bait (e.g. fipronil, hydramethylnon sulfuramid), which will be carried back to the nest by the workers, eventually killing all the individuals, including the queens. It may take four to five days to eradicate a colony in this manner. Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, have developed a way to use the scent of Argentine ants against them. The exoskeletons of the ants are covered with a hydrocarbon-laced secretion. They made a compound that is


title: "Argentine ant" content: different, but similar, to the one that coats the ants. If the chemical is applied to an ant, the other members of the colony will kill it. The chemical method may be effective in combination with other methods. Another approach for a large scale control of the Argentine ant has been proposed by researchers from Japan, who showed that it is possible to disrupt its trails with synthetic pheromones. This has been confirmed in various later trials by a New Zealand-led team in Hawaii and by researchers from Victoria University of Wellington who showed that this approach is beneficial for


title: "Argentine ant" content: other local ant species. Argentine ant The Argentine ant ("Linepithema humile"), formerly "Iridomyrmex humilis", is an ant native to northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil. It is an invasive species that has been established in many Mediterranean climate areas, inadvertently introduced by humans to many places, including South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, Easter Island, Australia, Europe, Hawaii, and the continental United States. The worker ants are long and can easily squeeze through cracks and holes as small as in size. Queens are long, much smaller than other species of ants. These ants will set up quarters in the


title: "Capon Springs Resort" content: Capon Springs Resort Capon Springs, also known as Frye's Springs and Watson Town, is a national historic district in Capon Springs, West Virginia that includes a number of resort buildings ranging in age from the mid-nineteenth century to the early 20th century. The area grew around a mineral spring discovered by Henry Frye in the 1760s, so that by 1787 the town of Watson had been established. By 1850, the 168-room Mountain House Hotel had been built, enduring until it burned in 1911. Also in 1850, the state of Virginia built Greek Revival bath pavilions and the President's House. A


title: "Trash Fashion" content: category, citing Black Strobe, Tiga, Daft Punk, Altern8, The Prodigy, Shalamar, Prince, Stevie Wonder, and Iron Maiden as some of their influences. Trash Fashion also cover songs from established bands, such as Madness and Hall & Oates . Trash Fashion Trash Fashion are a four-piece band made up of brothers Tom Marsh and Ben Marsh (lead vocals and lead guitar, respectively) joined by Matt Emerson (as drummer) and Jim Ready (as bassist). Their current UK record label is Propaganda Records and in Japan it is Vinyl Junkie. All members originally hail from Birmingham and are now based in London. In


title: "No Regrets (The Walker Brothers album)" content: No Regrets (The Walker Brothers album) No Regrets is the fourth album by the American pop group The Walker Brothers. The album was released in 1975 and was the group's first together since 1967. It reached number forty-nine on the UK Albums Chart and includes the single "No Regrets". The single backed with the non-album B-side "Remember Me" became the group's final significant hit single, reaching #7 in the UK Singles Chart in early 1976. The album was significantly different from the group's 1960s work. While the arrangements were still grandiose and often utilised an orchestra, the general musical styles


title: Kaaba content: Kaaba The Kaaba ( "" , "The Cube"), also referred as "al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah" (, the Holy Ka'bah), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, "Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām" (, The Sacred Mosque), in the Hejazi city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam. It is considered by Muslims to be the "Bayṫ Allāh" (, "House of God"), and has a similar role to the Tabernacle and Holy of Holies in Judaism. Its location determines the "qiblah" (, direction of prayer). Wherever they are in the world, Muslims are expected to face the "Kaaba"


title: Kaaba content: when performing "Salah" (, Islamic prayer). One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim who is able to do so to perform the "Hajj" (, Greater Pilgrimage) at least once in their lifetime. Multiple parts of the "hajj" require pilgrims to make "Tawaf" (, Circumambulation) seven times around the "Kaaba" in a counter-clockwise direction. "Tawaf" is also performed by pilgrims during the "‘Umrah" (, Lesser Pilgrimage). However, the most significant time is during the "hajj", when millions of pilgrims gather to circle the building within a 5-day period. In 2017, the number of pilgrims coming from outside the


title: Kaaba content: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform "hajj" was officially reported as 1,752,014 and 600,108 Saudi Arabian residents bringing the total number of pilgrims to 2,352,122. The literal meaning of the Arabic word "kaʿbah" (كَعْبَة) is "cube." In the Quran, the Kaaba is also mentioned as "al-bayt" (Arabic: البیت "the house") and "baytī" (Arabic: بیتی "my house") [2:125, 22:26], "al-bayt al-ḥarām" (Arabic: البیت الحرام "The Sacred House") [5:97], "al-bayt al-‘atīq" (Arabic: البیت العتیق "The Ancient House") [22:29,33], and "baytika al-muḥarram" (Arabic: بیتك المحرم "your inviolable house"). The mosque surrounding the "Kaaba" is called "al-Masjid al-Haram" ("The Sacred Mosque"). According to some


title: Kaaba content: reports, in ancient times, the "Kaaba" was also called "Qâdis" (Arabic: القادس "holy") and "Nâdhir" (Arabic: الناذر "dedicated, consecrated"). The "Kaaba" is a cuboid stone structure made of granite. It is approximately high (some claim ), with sides measuring by . Inside the "Kaaba", the floor is made of marble and limestone. The interior walls, measuring by , are clad with tiled, white marble halfway to the roof, with darker trimmings along the floor. The floor of the interior stands about above the ground area where "tawaf" is performed. The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the "Kaaba" has


title: Kaaba content: six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. Along the top corners of the walls runs a green cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the "Kaaba", with a small altar or table set between one and the other two. (It has been claimed that this table is used for the placement of perfumes or other items.) Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. The


title: Kaaba content: ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. A golden door—the "bāb al-tawbah" (also romanized as "Baabut Taubah", and meaning "Door of Repentance")—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. The "Kaaba" is the holiest site in Islam, and is often called by names such as "the House of


title: Kaaba content: God". The "Qibla" is the direction faced during prayer. It is the focal point for prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of where the "Kaaba" is. The Sacred Mosque is the focal point of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages that occur in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic calendar and at any time of the year, respectively. The Hajj pilgrimage is one of the Pillars of Islam, required of all able-bodied Muslims who can afford the trip. In recent times, about 1.8 million Muslims perform the Hajj every year. Some of the rituals performed by


title: Kaaba content: pilgrims are symbolic of historical incidents. For example, the incident of Hagar's search for water is emulated by Muslims as they run between the two hills of Safa and Marwah. The Hajj is associated with the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Prophet Ibrahim. The Quran contains several verses regarding the origin of the "Kaaba". It states that the "Kaaba" was the first House of Worship, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ishmael


title: Kaaba content: on Allah's instructions. Ibn Kathir, the famous commentator on the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the "Kaaba". One is that the shrine was a place of worship for Angels before the creation of man. Later, a house of worship was built on the location by Adam and Eve which was lost during the flood in Noah's time and was finally rebuilt by Abraham and Ishmael as mentioned later in the Quran. Ibn Kathir regarded this tradition as weak and preferred instead the narration by Ali ibn Abi Talib that although several other temples might


title: Kaaba content: have preceded the "Kaaba", it was the first "House of God", dedicated solely to Him, built by His instruction and sanctified and blessed by Him as stated in Quran 22:26–29. A Hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the "Kaaba" was the First Mosque on Earth, and the Second Mosque was the Temple in Jerusalem. While Abraham was building the "Kaaba", an angel brought to him the Black Stone which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure. Another stone was the Maqam-e-Ibrahim (literally the Station of Abraham) where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. The Black Stone


title: Kaaba content: and the Maqam-e-Ibrahim are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as naturally the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for maintenance purposes. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ishmael to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Korban, sacrifice of cattle. The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden. According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ishmael's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the oasis of Zam-Zam


title: Kaaba content: gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. Several idols were placed within the "Kaaba" representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Several heretical rituals were adopted in the Pilgrimage (Hajj) including doing naked circumambulation. In her book, "Islam: A Short History", Karen Armstrong asserts that the "Kaaba" was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols that probably represented the days of the year. But by Muhammad's day, it seems that the "Kaaba" was venerated as the shrine of Allah, the High God. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian peninsula, whether Christian


title: Kaaba content: or pagan, would converge on Mecca to perform the "Hajj", marking the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshiped by monotheists. Guillaume in his translation of Ibn Ishaq, an early biographer of Muhammad, says the Kaaba itself was addressed using a feminine grammatical form. Circumambulation was often performed naked by men and almost naked by women, and linked to ancient fertility rites. It is disputed whether Allah and Hubal were the same deity or different. Per a hypothesis by Uri Rubin and Christian Robin, Hubal was only venerated by Quraysh and the "Kaaba" was first dedicated to Allah,


title: Kaaba content: a supreme god of individuals belonging to different tribes, while the pantheon of the gods of Quraysh was installed in "Kaaba" after they conquered Mecca a century before Muhammad's time. Writing in the "Encyclopedia of Islam", Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called "Macoraba" mentioned by Ptolemy. G. E. von Grunebaum states: "Mecca is mentioned by Ptolemy. The name he gives it allows us to identify it as a South Arabian foundation created around a sanctuary. In "Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam", Patricia Crone argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was


title: Kaaba content: a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as Arabia Felix. A recent study has revisited the arguments for Macoraba and found them unsatisfactory. Based on an earlier report by Agatharchides of Cnidus, Diodorus Siculus mentions a temple along the Red Sea coast, "which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". Edward Gibbon believed that this was the Kaaba. However, Gibbon had misread the source: Diodorus puts the temple too far north for it to have been Mecca. Imoti contends that there were numerous such "Kaaba" sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the


title: Kaaba content: only one built of stone. The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. There was a "red stone", the deity of the south Arabian city of Ghaiman, and the "white stone" in the "Kaaba" of al-Abalat (near the city of Tabala, south of Mecca). Grunebaum in "Classical Islam" points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with stone fetishes, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth." The "Kaaba" was thought to be at the center of the world, with the Gate of Heaven directly above it. The "Kaaba" marked the location


title: Kaaba content: where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth. According to Sarwar, about 400 years before the birth of Muhammad, a man named "Amr bin Lahyo bin Harath bin Amr ul-Qais bin Thalaba bin Azd bin Khalan bin Babalyun bin Saba", who was descended from Qahtan and was the king of Hijaz had placed a Hubal idol onto the roof of the "Kaaba". This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling tribe Quraysh. The


title: Kaaba content: idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. When the idol was moved inside the "Kaaba", it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for divination. To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within of the "Kaaba". This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center. Many Muslim and academic historians stress the power and importance of the pre-Islamic


title: Kaaba content: Mecca. They depict it as a city grown rich on the proceeds of the spice trade. Crone believes that this is an exaggeration and that Mecca may only have been an outpost trading with nomads for leather, cloth, and camel butter. Crone argues that if Mecca had been a well-known center of trade, it would have been mentioned by later authors such as Procopius, Nonnosus, or the Syrian church chroniclers writing in Syriac. The town is absent, however, from any geographies or histories written in the three centuries before the rise of Islam. According to the "Encyclopædia Britannica", "before the


title: Kaaba content: rise of Islam it was revered as a sacred sanctuary and was a site of pilgrimage." According to German historian Eduard Glaser, the name ""Kaaba"" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word ""mikrab"", signifying a temple. Again, Crone disputes this etymology. In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (Asatir) claims that Ishmael and his eldest son Nebaioth built the "Kaaba" as well as the city of Mecca. "The Secrets of Moses" or Asatir book was suggested by some opinion to have been compiled in the 10th century, while another opinion in 1927


title: Kaaba content: suggested that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE. Prior to the spread of Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula, the "Kaaba" was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes of the area. Once every lunar year, the Bedouin tribes would make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their pagan gods in the "Kaaba" and trade with each other in the city. Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the "Kaaba". A statue of Hubal, the principal idol of Mecca, and other pagan deities were in or


title: Kaaba content: around the "Kaaba". There were paintings of idols decorating the walls. A picture of the Prophet 'Isa and his mother, Maryam, was situated inside the "Kaaba" and later found by the Prophet Muhammad after his conquest of Mecca. The iconography portrayed a seated Maryam with her child on her lap. This description, which would later become a universal iconography in later times, is similar to Christian art and its portrayal of the seated Virgin Mary holding a young Jesus in her lap. The iconography in the "Kaaba" also included paintings of other prophets and angels. It is possible the paintings


title: Kaaba content: of the prophets and angels were figures associated with the Prophet 'Isa and Maryam. Inside the "Kaaba", undefined decorations, money and a pair of ram’s horns were recorded to be there. The pair of ram's horns were said to have belonged to the ram sacrificed by the Prophet Ibrahim in place of his son, the Prophet Ismail. Al-Azraqi provides the following narrative on the authority of his grandfather, whose own source was Da'ud b.'Abd al-Rahman, who said that Ibn Jurayj had said that Sulayman b.Musa al-Shami asked 'Ata' b. Abi Rabah the following:I have heard that there was set up


title: Kaaba content: in "al-Bayt" (the Ka'ba) a picture ("timthal") of Maryam and 'Isa. ['Ata'] said: "Yes, there was set in it a picture of Maryam adorned ("muzawwaqan"); in her lap, her son 'Isa sat adorned."-al-Azraqi, "Akhbar Mecca: History of Mecca" Throughout Muhammad's time (570–632 CE), the "Kaaba" was considered a holy and sacred site by the local Arabs. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the "Kaaba" after its structure was damaged due to floods around 600 CE. Ibn Ishaq's "Sirat Rasūl Allāh", one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between Meccan


title: Kaaba content: clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone cornerstone in place. According to Ishaq's biography, Muhammad's solution was to have all the clan elders raise the cornerstone on a cloak, after which Muhammad set the stone into its final place with his own hands. Ibn Ishaq says that the timber for the reconstruction of the "Kaaba" came from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the Red Sea coast at Shu'ayba and that the work was undertaken by a Coptic carpenter called Baqum. Muhammad's night journey is said to have taken him from the "Kaaba" to the


title: Kaaba content: Temple Mount and heavenwards from there. Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their "qibla", or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the "Kaaba" was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. In 624 CE, the direction of the qiblah was changed from Jerusalem to the "Kaaba" in Mecca. In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards


title: Kaaba content: Mecca with the intention of performing the minor pilgrimage (Umrah) at the "Kaaba", though he wasn't allowed by the people of Mecca. He secured a peace treaty with them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the "Kaaba" from the following year. At the culmination of his mission, in 630 CE, Muhammad conquered Mecca without violence from the Muslim army. His first action was to remove statues and images from the "Kaaba". According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Abraham;


title: Kaaba content: but according to Ibn Hisham, all pictures were erased. al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the "Kaaba" on the day on the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam...Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Ka'ba the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels ("mala'ika") and others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination ("shaykhan yastaqsim bi 'l-azlam")." Then he saw the picture of Maryam, so he


title: Kaaba content: put his hands on it and he said: "Erase what is in it [the Ka'ba] in the way of pictures except the picture of Maryam."-"al-Azraqi, Akhbar Mecca: History of Mecca" After the conquest Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque, in Islam. He performed a lesser Pilgrimage (Umrah) in 629 CE, followed by the Greater Pilgrimage (Hajj) in 632 CE called the Farewell Pilgrimage since Muhammad prophesied his impending death on this event. The "Kaaba" has been repaired and reconstructed many times since Muhammad's day. The structure was severely damaged by fire on 3 Rabi


title: Kaaba content: I (Sunday, 31 October 683 CE), during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of Umayyad power. Ibn al-Zubayr rebuilt it to include the "hatīm". He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several hadith collections) that the "hatīm" was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic "Kaaba", and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild so as to include it. The "Kaaba" was bombarded with stones in the second siege


title: Kaaba content: of Mecca in 692, in which the Umayyad army was led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. The fall of the city and the death of Ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under ʿAbdu l-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. In 693 CE, ʿAbdu l-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's "Kaaba" razed, and rebuilt on the foundations set by the Quraysh. The "Kaaba" returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time. During the Hajj of 930 CE, the Qarmatians attacked Mecca, defiled the Zamzam Well with the bodies of pilgrims


title: Kaaba content: and stole the Black Stone, taking it to the oasis region of Eastern Arabia known as al-Aḥsāʾ, where it remained until the Abbasids ransomed it in 952 CE. The basic shape and structure of the "Kaaba" have not changed since then. After heavy rains and flooding in 1629, the walls of the "Kaaba" collapsed and the Mosque was damaged. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the "Kaaba" was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. The "Kaaba's" appearance has not changed since then. The "Kaaba" is depicted on the reverse of


title: Kaaba content: 500 Saudi Riyal, and the 2000 Iranian rial banknotes. The building is opened twice a year for a ceremony known as "the cleaning of the Kaaba." This ceremony takes place approximately thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and thirty days before the start of Hajj. The keys to the "Kaaba" are held by the Banī Shaybah () tribe. Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the" Kaaba" on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. A small number of dignitaries and foreign diplomats are invited to participate in the ceremony. The governor of Mecca


title: Kaaba content: leads the guests who ritually clean the structure, using a broom. Kaaba The Kaaba ( "" , "The Cube"), also referred as "al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah" (, the Holy Ka'bah), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, "Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām" (, The Sacred Mosque), in the Hejazi city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam. It is considered by Muslims to be the "Bayṫ Allāh" (, "House of God"), and has a similar role to the Tabernacle and Holy of Holies in Judaism. Its location determines the "qiblah" (, direction of prayer). Wherever they


title: "Pio Filippani Ronconi" content: Pio Filippani Ronconi Pio Alessandro Carlo Fulvio Filippani Ronconi (10 March 1920 – 11 February 2010) was an Italian orientalist. He was born in Madrid, Spain, and died in Rome. He was born out of a very ancient Black Aristocratic family (his father being Count Fulvio Filippani Ronconi and his mother Anita Tamagno), tracing back to the Roman patriciate. He grew up in Spain up to the Civil War, when his mother was shot by Republicans and he came back in Italy with his family. He had already learned Italian, Spanish, Catalan, Arabic, Greek and Latin, and now he studied


title: "Caulanthus hallii" content: centimeters long. Caulanthus hallii Caulanthus hallii is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name Hall's wild cabbage. It is native to southern California and northern Baja California. It grows in the Colorado Desert (western Sonoran Desert), Mojave Desert sky islands, and the dry eastern Peninsular Ranges slopes. "Caulanthus hallii" is an annual herb producing a hollow stem fringed at the base with long, deeply cut leaves which are hairless or sometimes bristly. The greenish yellow flower has a coat of hairy sepals over narrow, pale petals. The fruit is a silique up to


title: "Ottawa phonology" content: Ottawa through the restructuring of these consonant clusters. "3. Neutralization of Initial Nasal / Approximant Consonants Before a Homorganic Nasal / Approximant Consonant." Word-initial sequences of two identical nasal consonants or "w" are normally reduced to a single consonant; pronunciations with doubled consonants are rare. "4. Neutralization of Word-Initial Identical Lenis Consonants" Sequences of word-initial lenis consonants ("b, d, g, z, zh") are reduced in two slightly different patterns. In the first, a sequence of two identical lenis fricatives is reduced to a single consonant. In the second pattern, in a sequence of two identical lenis stops, the consonant cluster


title: "Adam Lambert" content: think larger strides have been made in film and TV but we still are just at the beginning with mainstream music. I consider myself a post-gay man working in a pre-gay industry." Lambert was the headline performer at the Miami Beach Gay Pride Parade and Festival on April 14, 2013, and was also given the key to the city. Lambert was presented with the prestigious GLAAD Davidson/Valentini Award on May 11 in San Francisco. The honorary award is bestowed yearly to out media professionals who have made a significant difference in promoting equal rights in the LGBT community. On May


title: Actor content: first known person to speak words as a character in a play or story. Prior to Thespis' act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called "Thespians". The exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama: tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans. The theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving and diverse art form, ranging from festival performances of street theatre, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of situation comedies,


title: "Super Mario Bros. theme" content: portrays the character in the show. The song was first performed live on All Night Nippon in 1986. The theme has been featured in many concerts, including "PLAY! Chicago", the Columbus Symphony, the Mario & Zelda Big Band Live, Play! A Video Game Symphony, and others. The Video Games Live concert featured the theme performed by Kondo. In December 2016, "Mario" series creator Shigeru Miyamoto performed the theme on guitar with American hip hop group The Roots on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". For decades, Nintendo had not published official sheet music for Kondo's compositions, but high demand for


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: Aviva Stadium The Aviva Stadium (also known as Lansdowne Road; ) is a sports stadium located in Dublin, Ireland, with a capacity for 51,700 spectators (all seated). It is built on the site of the former Lansdowne Road stadium, which was demolished in 2007, and replacing it as home to its chief tenants: the Irish rugby union team and the Republic of Ireland football team. The decision to redevelop the stadium came after plans for both Stadium Ireland and Eircom Park fell through. Aviva Group Ireland signed a 10-year deal for the naming rights in 2009. The stadium, located adjacent


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: to Lansdowne Road railway station, officially opened on 14 May 2010. The stadium is Ireland's first, and only, UEFA Category 4 Stadium and in 2011, it hosted the Europa League Final. It also hosted the inaugural Nations Cup, as well as the regular home fixtures of the national rugby team, national football team and some home fixtures for Leinster Rugby from August 2010 onwards. Unlike its predecessor, which was solely owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), the current stadium is controlled by the IRFU and the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) through a 50:50 joint venture known as


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: the Lansdowne Road Stadium Development Company (LRSDC). The joint venture has a 60-year lease on the stadium; on expiry the stadium will return to the exclusive ownership of the IRFU. The stadium is a bowl shape with four tiers on three sides of the ground; the lower and upper tiers being for general access, the second and third levels feed the second tier for premium tickets and the fourth tier for corporate boxes. The southern end of the stadium, due to its proximity to local housing, incorporates only the lower tier of the bowl. The North Stand is to be


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: the away stand for football internationals. There is one basement level and seven storeys of floors including ground level. The premium level holds 10,000 spectators, while the box level holds 1,300. The remaining 38,700 seats are shared between the top and bottom tiers. The capacity of the stadium was criticised even before its opening for being too small, particularly in light of the large supporter attendance figures for Irish rugby internationals and football internationals at Croke Park since 2007. The stadium's roof is designed to undulate in a wave-like manner so as to avoid blocking light to local residences. The


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: stadium was officially opened on 14 May 2010 by then Taoiseach Brian Cowen. In 2011, the stadium won a British Construction Industry Award. The Ireland national rugby union team plays its home games at the stadium, as it did previously at Lansdowne Road, taking over from their temporary home, Croke Park, where games were played during Aviva's construction. Ireland's first international game was on 6 November 2010 against South Africa, with the Springboks winning 23–21. The game drew a crowd of 35,515, mainly due to a backlash by Ireland supporters over the IRFU's controversial ticketing strategy for the November Test


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: series. Initially, the IRFU announced that tickets to the November Tests would only be sold as packages for all four matches. Later, it announced that the tickets would instead be split into two packages, with the South Africa Test bundled with the following week's match with Samoa for a minimum of €150, and the New Zealand and Argentina Tests bundled for a minimum of €190. Single-game tickets were to be available only for the Samoa and Argentina Tests. On 1 November, the IRFU backed away from this plan amid heavy criticism from member clubs that had problems selling the packages


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: in a difficult economy. The first rugby union game at the Aviva was an exhibition game on 31 July 2010, billed as the O Challenge, involving under-18 and under-20 players from all four of Ireland's provincial sides, with a Leinster/Ulster side defeating a Munster/Connacht combination 68–0. As part of the run-up to the event, O ran a promotion which gave the winner the opportunity to attempt to score the ceremonial first points at the Aviva via a simulated conversion kick on the day before the match. The winner of the promotion, John Baker of Ennis, was successful. The first official


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: points at the Aviva were scored by Ulster's Craig Gilroy with a try in the O Challenge. The stadium also hosts some home games for Leinster when the RDS Arena's smaller capacity doesn't satisfy demand. Leinster won their opening home game in the Aviva against Munster 13-9, in the Magners League (now PRO12) season, in front of a then record Pro12 attendance of 50,645. This league record was exceeded on 29 March 2014 when Leinster again beat Munster, 22-18, in front of 51,700 people. Leinster won their first Heineken Cup game in the stadium 24–8, against Clermont Auvergne in a


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: pool game during the 2010–11 season. During Leinster's successful run to the Heineken Cup title that season, they took their quarter-final and semi-final matches to the stadium, defeating Leicester Tigers and Toulouse respectively. Ulster took their 2012 Heineken Cup semi-final to the stadium as well, defeating Edinburgh. The 2013 Heineken Cup Final took place in the stadium on 18 May 2013 where Toulon beat Clermont Auvergne 16-15. The Heineken Cup final was last held in Dublin in 2003 when Toulouse beat Perpignan 22–17 at Lansdowne Road. The stadium also hosts the home games of the Republic of Ireland national football


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: team, as did Lansdowne Road. The team had played most home games at Croke Park during the construction of the Aviva Stadium. The first soccer match in the Aviva Stadium was Manchester United against a League of Ireland XI side, managed by Damien Richardson, on 4 August 2010. Manchester United won the game 7–1, with Park Ji-Sung scoring the first ever goal in the Aviva Stadium. The first international game for Ireland in the Aviva Stadium was a 1–0 friendly loss against Argentina on 11 August 2010. The first competitive goal was scored by Kevin Kilbane in a Euro 2012


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: qualifying game on 7 September 2010 against Andorra. The Aviva annually hosts the FAI Cup Final, which was shared between the RDS Arena and the Tallaght Stadium while the Aviva Stadium was being built. The first Cup Final at the new stadium was the 2010 FAI Cup Final, held on Sunday 14 November 2010. Sligo Rovers beat Shamrock Rovers 2–0 on penalties after the game finished 0–0 after extra time. A total of 36,101 attended the game making it the biggest attendance at an FAI Cup Final since 1968. The 2011 Nations Cup took place in the Aviva Stadium. The


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: tournament featured national football teams from Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In the opening round of fixtures the Republic of Ireland beat Wales 3–0 while Scotland beat Northern Ireland 3–0. The remaining four fixtures took place in May, with the Republic of Ireland winning the tournament after beating Scotland 1–0 on 29 May, with Keane scoring the only goal. The 2011 UEFA Europa League Final between Portuguese sides Porto and Braga took place in the Aviva Stadium. Due to UEFA rules against corporate sponsorship outside the federation, the stadium was referred to as the "Dublin Arena"


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: for this final, that ended with a 1–0 victory for Porto. The Dublin Super Cup was a pre-season football tournament which was held at the Aviva. Celtic, Manchester City, Inter Milan and a League of Ireland XI competed in the 2011 edition, with Manchester City winning the tournament. The 'Dublin Decider' was a game which took place on 10 August 2013. The match was played between Celtic and Liverpool, with both teams having large support in Ireland. Celtic won the match 1-0 thanks to a goal from Amido Balde. There were talks ongoing about a return of the 'Dublin Decider'


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: in the summer of 2014 with clubs such as Barcelona, Manchester United and Celtic being mentioned as potential visitors to the Aviva Stadium. It was confirmed in March 2016 that Celtic will face Barcelona in the stadium on 30 July 2016, however this is as part of the annual International Champions Cup pre-season tournament, and not any sort of independent 'Dublin Decider' fixture. Barcelona won the game 3-1. On 19 September 2014, it was announced by UEFA that the stadium will host four Euro 2020 finals fixtures, three group games and a round of 16 match. Should Ireland qualify they


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: will be guaranteed two home group games. On 1 September 2012, the stadium hosted an American college football game billed as the Emerald Isle Classic between the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Navy Midshipmen. Notre Dame won 50–10. The 2016 Aer Lingus College Football Classic was announced as a matchup between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Boston College Eagles to be played on 3 September 2016. The result was a 17-–14 win by the Yellow Jackets. The children's writer Gerard Siggins has based much of his 'Rugby Spirit' series in Aviva Stadium. His hero, Eoin Madden, is


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: on a school tour to the ground when he meets Brian Hanrahan, a true-life figure who was the only man ever to die playing sport in Lansdowne Road. Hanrahan, a Lansdowne FC rugby player, died when a scrum collapsed during a Leinster Senior Cup game against Trinity in 1928. The five books so far published in the series feature frequent visits to Aviva Stadium for matches. Siggins also co-authored the history of the previous stadium on the site, Lansdowne Road: The Stadium, The Matches, The Greatest Days (O'Brien Press, 2010) The stadium is served by public transport with Bus and


title: "Aviva Stadium" content: DART. More remotely, it may also be reached, following by the Luas and on foot. The stadium is inaccessible by car on match days due to a 1 km car-free exclusion zone in operation. Aviva Stadium The Aviva Stadium (also known as Lansdowne Road; ) is a sports stadium located in Dublin, Ireland, with a capacity for 51,700 spectators (all seated). It is built on the site of the former Lansdowne Road stadium, which was demolished in 2007, and replacing it as home to its chief tenants: the Irish rugby union team and the Republic of Ireland football team. The


title: "Joe Kelly (hurler)" content: priest in June 1949 and effectively brought his inter-county career to an official end. He emigrated to New Zealand in October of that year and spent the rest of his life ministering in Christchurch. Joe Kelly (hurler) Fr. Joseph "Joe" Kelly (1923 - June 1994) was an Irish hurler who played as a left corner-forward for the Cork senior team. Kelly joined the team during the 1943 championship and later became a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement following the conclusion of the 1947 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals and three Munster medals.


title: "Piet de Jong (artist)" content: de Jong bequeathed all of his personal caricatures and other watercolors to Minoan archaeologist Sinclair Hood. These artworks are now in the archives of the Knossos Trust, where they have resided since 1990. Piet de Jong (artist) Piet Christiaan Leonardus de Jong (8 August 1887–20 April 1967) was an artist who worked on the illustration and reconstruction of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean, including Mycenae, Knossos, Eutresis, Gordion, and the Athenian Agora. Piet Christiaan Leonardus de Jong was born in Leeds, England on 8 August 1887. His father, Jacques Leonardus de Jong, was a Dutch immigrant, and his mother, Rosa