title: "Common wombat" content: afternoon. Common wombats are herbivorous, subsisting on grass, snow tussocks, and other plant materials. Foraging is usually done during the night. They are the only marsupial in the world whose teeth constantly grow which allows them to maintain a diet consisting of mainly native grasses. The common wombat can breed every two years and produce a single joey. The gestation period is about 20–30 days, and the young remain in the pouch for five months. When leaving the pouch, they weigh between . The joey is weaned around 12 to 15 months of age, and is usually independent at 18


title: "Oryx Quest" content: Tracy and her team also put together Qatar's first Sports Education Programme to which over 10,000 Qatari school children signed up. HSBC paid £3 million towards the event and Edwards personally borrowed £8 million to pay suppliers, her team and each of the competitors was paid between $1 million and $2 million each to enter (the first time a yacht race has managed to do this). However, Qatar Sports International reneged on the £6 million sponsorship deal and $1 million prize money and Edwards was consequently forced into bankruptcy and lost her home. She was discharged in September 2005. Edwards'


title: "Aporia crataegi" content: Aporia crataegi Aporia crataegi, the black-veined white, is a large butterfly of the family Pieridae. It survives in much of Europe but it has been extinct in Great Britain since about 1925. It was a favourite of Sir Winston Churchill who tried to reintroduce the beautiful species to Southern England where it used to thrive in earlier times. He released colonies of Black veined whites in the large grounds of his home at Chartwell in Kent but they did not survive. Subspecies include: It occurs in open forest, grazing land, orchards. lanes, gardens, meadows and thickets throughout most of Europe,


title: "Aporia crataegi" content: temperate Asia, Korea, and Japan. This species is extinct in the British Isles. The black-veined white has a wingspan of . Females are commonly larger than males. The upperside of both forewings and hindwings is a translucent white boldly veined with black. The underside is similar in the male but the female has brown veining. Moreover, the female loses most of her scales by rubbing her wings together, resulting almost-transparent. This butterfly can be distinguished from other members of white butterflies of the genus "Pieris" by its distinctive veined wings. The eggs are yellow at first, darkening with age. The


title: "Aporia crataegi" content: caterpillars are greenish grey with transverse banding. The pupa is creamy white, marked with black, attached by a silken girdle to a twig. The flight period of the black-veined white is between April and July. The adults are quite social and their abundance varies greatly from year to year. The eggs are laid on the food plant, usually a member of the rose family Rosaceae and often on trees and bushes ("Malus domestica", "Malus micromalus", "Pyrus communis", "Pyrus serotina", "Sorbus intermedia", "Sorbus hybrida", "Sorbus aucuparia", "Crataegus monogyna", "Crataegus oxyacantha", "Crataegus jozana", "Prunus spinosa", "Prunus padus", "Prunus ssiori", "Betula" spp., "Salix


title: "Aporia crataegi" content: phylicifolia", "Chaenomeles lagenaria"). The eggs are laid in groups of 30 to 100. They take about three weeks to hatch. The caterpillars tend to remain in a group with a communal larval web. This species has one generation each year. The caterpillars overwinter communally in a webbing tent with entwined leaves. Caterpillars feed close together on the leaves of the food plant at first, before dispersing in the later developmental stages to other parts of the tree. The pupal stage lasts about three weeks. Aporia crataegi Aporia crataegi, the black-veined white, is a large butterfly of the family Pieridae. It


title: "Mudcat Grant" content: year of his career. He was 21-7 for the Twins, helping to lead the team to the 1965 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. In 1965, Grant hosted a local Minneapolis variety television program, "The Jim Grant Show", where he sang and danced. He finished 6th in voting for the 1965 American League MVP for leading the league in wins, won-loss percentage (.750), and shutouts (6). He also started 39 games and had 14 complete games, 270 ⅓ innings pitched, 252 hits allowed, 34 home runs allowed, 107 runs allowed, 99 earned runs allowed, 61 walks, 142 strikeouts, 8


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: Pumpkin seed A pumpkin seed, also known as a pepita (from the Mexican , "little seed of squash"), is the edible seed of a pumpkin or certain other cultivars of squash. The seeds are typically rather flat and asymmetrically oval, and light green in color and may have a white outer hull. Some cultivars are hulless, and are grown only for their seed. The seeds are nutrient-rich, with especially high content of protein, dietary fiber and numerous micronutrients. The word can refer either to the hulled kernel or unhulled whole seed, and most commonly refers to the roasted end product.


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: Pumpkin seeds are a common ingredient in Mexican cuisine and are also roasted and served as a snack. Marinated and roasted, they are an autumn seasonal snack in the United States, as well as a commercially produced and distributed packaged snack, like sunflower seeds, available year-round. Pepitas are known by their Spanish name (usually shortened), and typically salted and sometimes spiced after roasting (and today also available as a packaged product), in Mexico and other Latin American countries, in the American Southwest, and in speciality and Mexican food stores. The earliest known evidence of the domestication of "Cucurbita" dates back


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: 8,000–10,000 years ago, predating the domestication of other crops such as maize and common beans in the region by about 4,000 years. Changes in fruit shape and color indicate intentional breeding of "C. pepo" occurred by no later than 8,000 years ago. The process to develop the agricultural knowledge of crop domestication took place over 5,000–6,500 years in Mesoamerica. Squash was domesticated first, with maize second, followed by beans, all becoming part of the Three Sisters agricultural system. As an ingredient in mole dishes, they are known in Spanish as "pipián". A Mexican snack using pepitas in an artisan fashion


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: is referred to as "pepitoría". Lightly roasted, salted, unhulled pumpkin seeds are popular in Greece with the descriptive Italian name, "passatempo" ("pastime"). The pressed oil of the roasted seeds of a "Cucurbita pepo" subsp. "pepo" var. 'styriaca' is also used in Central and Eastern Europe as cuisine. An example of this is pumpkin seed oil. Pumpkin seeds can also be made into a nut butter. In a 100 gram serving, the seeds are calorie-dense (574 kcal) and an excellent source (20% of the Daily Value, DV, and higher) of protein, dietary fiber, niacin, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium and phosphorus (table).


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: The seeds are a good source (10–19% DV) of riboflavin, folate, pantothenic acid, sodium and potassium (table). The oil of pumpkin seeds, a culinary specialty in and important export commodity of Central Europe, is used in cuisine as a salad and cooking oil. The following are ranges of fatty acid content in "C. maxima" pepitas (see pumpkin seed oil):<br> The total unsaturated fatty acid concentration ranged from 9% to 21% of the pepita. The total fat content ranged from 11% to 52%. Based on the quantity of alpha-tocopherol extracted in the oil, the vitamin E content of twelve "C. maxima"


title: "Pumpkin seed" content: cultivar seeds ranged from 4 to 19 mg/100 g of pepita. Pumpkin seeds were once used as an anthelmintic in traditional medicine by indigenous people of North America to expel tapeworms and other intestinal parasites. This led to the seeds being listed in the "United States Pharmacopoeia" as an antiparasitic from 1863 until 1936. Pumpkin seed A pumpkin seed, also known as a pepita (from the Mexican , "little seed of squash"), is the edible seed of a pumpkin or certain other cultivars of squash. The seeds are typically rather flat and asymmetrically oval, and light green in color and


title: "Hide (unit)" content: his land. A more normal rate was 2 shillings on each hide. Domesday Book, recording the results of the survey made on the orders of William I in 1086, states in hides (or carucates or sulungs as the case might be) the assessed values of estates throughout the area covered by the survey. Usually it gives this information for 1086 and 1066, but some counties were different and only showed this information for one of those dates. By that time the assessments showed many anomalies. Many of the hide assessments on lands held by tenants-in-chief were reduced between 1066 and


title: "Rihand River" content: Rihand River The Rihand River (also referred to as Renu, Renuka, Rend, Rer or Rehar) () is a tributary of the Son River and flows through the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh. Its old name was Renu or Renuka. The Rihand rises from Matiranga hills, in the region south west of the Mainpat plateau, which is about 1,100 meters above mean sea level. The river flows north roughly through the central part of Surguja district for . The Rihand and its tributaries form a fertile plain in the central part of the district stretching from its origin to


title: "Steam turbine locomotive" content: Electric built two steam turbine-electric locomotives with a 2+C-C+2 (4-6-6-4) wheel arrangement for the Union Pacific Railroad in 1938. These locomotives essentially operated as mobile steam power plants and were correspondingly complex. They were the only condensing steam locomotives ever used in the United States. A Babcock & Wilcox boiler provided steam, which drove a pair of steam turbines which powered a generator, providing power to the electric traction motors that drove the wheels, as well as providing head-end power for the rest of the train. Boiler control was largely automatic, and the two locomotives could be connected together into


title: "Atmospheric electricity" content: cumulonimbus clouds causes separation of positive and negative charges within the cloud, essential for the generation of lightning. How lightning initially forms is still a matter of debate: Scientists have studied root causes ranging from atmospheric perturbations (wind, humidity, and atmospheric pressure) to the impact of solar wind and energetic particles. An average bolt of lightning carries a negative electric current of 40 kiloamperes (kA) (although some bolts can be up to 120 kA), and transfers a charge of five coulombs and energy of 500 MJ, or enough energy to power a 100-watt lightbulb for just under two months. The


title: "Ewan McPherson" content: formed an electoral alliance with the Progressive Party in 1932. Although he did not yet have a seat in the legislature, McPherson was appointed to John Bracken's cabinet on May 27, 1932 as Provincial Treasurer. In the 1932 provincial election, McPherson made the questionable decision of challenging Conservative leader Fawcett Taylor again in Portage la Prairie. Although Bracken's "Liberal-Progressives" were re-elected with a majority government, McPherson went down to a resounding defeat. He had to wait until July 16, 1932 to run in a deferred election in the sprawling northern constituency of Rupertsland, and even here his election was not


title: "Linda Sharp" content: 19, but the Yugoslav team earned 43 shots from the line, of which they made 34. With a home crowd behind them, the game came down to the wire, and was tied at the end of regulation. In overtime, Yugoslavia out scored the USA and won the game 93–89. The USA still had a chance to make it to the medal round, but to do so had to win their next game against China, and do so by at least five points. The USA fell behind, and were down 16 points at halftime. They fell behind by 20 at one


title: "Pilar, Paraguay" content: of Our Lady of the Pillar () in his hometown of Zaragoza. The old town council building in Pilar is where former president Francisco Solano López is believed to have uttered a now famous phrase in defiance against combatants in the costly Paraguayan War : "Never shall the sacred insignia of my country fall from my hands". Situated near the confluence of the Paraguay and Paraná rivers, Pilar is in a region of the country with many small streams, rivers and wetlands that contribute to a humid climate. The average annual temperature is . Summer temperatures can reach as high


title: "Green darner" content: Green darner The green darner or common green darner ("Anax junius"), after its resemblance to a darning-needle, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico. It also occurs in the Caribbean, Tahiti, and Asia from Japan to mainland China. It is the official insect for the state of Washington in the United States. The green darner is one of the largest extant dragonflies:


title: "Green darner" content: males grow to in length with a wingspan of up to . Females oviposit in aquatic vegetation, eggs laid beneath the water surface. Nymphs (naiads) are aquatic carnivores, feeding on insects, tadpoles and small fish. Adult darners catch insects on the wing, including ant royalty, moths, mosquitoes and flies. Green darner The green darner or common green darner ("Anax junius"), after its resemblance to a darning-needle, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration


title: "Ford Escort (North America)" content: Ford Escort (North America) The North American variant of the Ford Escort is a small family/compact car introduced by Ford in 1980 for the 1981 model year. Adopting the "Escort" name used by Ford of Europe since 1968 along with the general design and layout of the third-generation European Escort, it was the successor of the Ford Pinto, which had a tarnished reputation for quality and safety after a widely publicized fuel tank defect. The Escort was one of Ford's most successful models in the 1980s, earning a much better reputation than the Pinto. The Escort was the single best-selling


title: "Showtime (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)" content: but quickly is pulled away from his dream and into reality where the First Evil, looking like Buffy, is waiting for him. Giles and Anya go together to meet with a demon, named Torg, about Beljoxa's Eye. After some careful persuasion, Torg opens up a dimensional portal for the both of them to pass through. On the other side, they find themselves in a dark, windy dimension and soon come face-to-face with a caged mass of eyes, the Beljoxa's Eye. Willow gets a call from a member of the Coven in England. Andrew is freed from his bonds and Buffy


title: "Geranium bronze" content: Geranium bronze The geranium bronze or brun des pélargoniums in French ("Cacyreus marshalli"), is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The geranium bronze butterfly is native to South Africa. The butterfly was first introduced to Europe in the late 20th century, where it has quickly spread to many southern and eastern European regions. Since its introduction to Europe, the geranium bronze butterfly has become a pest to cultivated "Pelargonium" and "Geranium" plant species. Currently, efforts are being made to contain the spread of the geranium bronze butterflies as well as to determine the most effective pesticide for the species. The


title: "Geranium bronze" content: adult geranium bronze butterfly’s wingspan ranges from 15–23 mm in males and 18–23 mm in females . The wings are brown/bronze with a white border outlining the wings. The underside is a grey-brown with darker bands interlaced with white, creating an intricate pattern. The hindwings contain an eye spot in order to divert predators from attacking. The male and female are similar in appearance. The geranium bronze was first recorded in regions of South Africa, including Natal, Swaziland, Botswana, Zimbabwe, the Cape Provinces, Lesotho, and Mozambique. It was accidentally brought to Europe in 1978. After being recorded in England, a


title: "Geranium bronze" content: colony of geranium bronze was soon found in Mallorca in 1990, and has since spread to most of the regions in southern Europe. In 1996, the geranium bronze butterfly was first recorded in Rome, Italy, and rapidly spread along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coastal areas before extending inland. The geranium bronze butterfly now has established colonies in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Greece, Malta, Spain, Portugal, southern Switzerland, Slovenia, Croatia, and the French Mediterranean. After hatching, the geranium bronze larvae feed on the flower buds, young leaves, and soft stems of their host plant, typically from the genera "Pelargonium"


title: "Geranium bronze" content: and "Geranium". In order to eat the stem of these plants, the larvae drill into the stems, causing damage to the plants. Geranium bronze eggs are small with a slight green color that turns white then brown or light-yellow before the larva hatches. The eggs are 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.3 mm in height. The eggs are typically laid close to the flower buds, but are occasionally laid on the leaves. The laying of eggs usually occurs during summer months, while caterpillar activity has been recorded in the summer, fall, and winter. Once hatched, the larvae bore through the


title: "Geranium bronze" content: stem of the host plant, where they are typically found within the stem or flower buds. The plant stem usually turns black after being invaded by larvae. The larva feeds on the host plant, damaging the host until it enters the pupa stage. During the first instar stage, the caterpillar’s average length is 1 mm, which will increase to 2 mm during the following 8 days. Second instar caterpillars grow to an average of 3 mm; third instars to 6 mm; and fourth instars grow to 13 mm. The second, third, and fourth instar stages occur for a duration of


title: "Geranium bronze" content: 8, 8, and 9 days, respectively. The color of the caterpillars can vary. Most caterpillars are yellow or green, and may have pink markings. The pupa stage occurs at the bottom of the flower peduncle in many of the host species. The peduncles offer the best protection for the caterpillars, which is why the caterpillars will typically remain at the base of the flower until metamorphosis occurs. It has been suggested that geranium bronze may overwinter as either a caterpillar or a pupa, although further data is needed to confirm this. The pupa color varies, but they are typically green,


title: "Geranium bronze" content: pale-yellow, or brown. The pupa are hairy and are typically 9 mm long. Adults are on wing year-round in warmer areas, but usually from August to May in South Africa. At higher altitudes, adults are on wing in December and January. Geranium bronze have spread from their native regions of South Africa to numerous southern and eastern European regions. This was likely due to accidental transportation of plants infested with geranium bronze larvae and not due to any natural migration patterns. The geranium bronze butterflies fly for short periods of time and frequently rest. The geranium bronze butterfly has not


title: "Geranium bronze" content: been reported as a pest in its native home and surrounding South African regions. It is believed that the butterfly has not become a pest in the South African regions because of an indigenous predator or parasitoid that has kept the butterfly population low. The predator has yet to be identified. Geranium bronze females prefer to lay their eggs on the flower buds of various "Geranium" species. They typically oviposit on top of and underneath leaves, but infrequently on stems. Geranium bronze butterflies are multivoltine, meaning they lay two or more broods per year. Geranium bronze typically lay eggs on


title: "Geranium bronze" content: plants from genera "Pelargonium" and "Geranium", both in the family Geraniaceae. Once hatched, these plants act as hosts to the larvae. Quacchia et al. (2008) found that geranium bronze butterflies in Italy displayed preference for egg laying on "Geranium sanguineum, Geranium sylvaticum, and Geranium pratense" Data was collected from a 2-year observation in various regions of Piedmont and the Aosta Valley, Italy. Plant preference and offspring fitness (using wingspan as a marker for fitness) were analyzed, but no statistically significant correlation was found. Geranium bronze butterflies pose a large threat to "Pelargonium" species in Europe. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection


title: "Geranium bronze" content: Organization currently lists geranium bronze as an A2 quarantine pest for Europe, and an A1 quarantine pest for Turkey. If geranium bronze numbers in Italy and other regions of Europe continue to rise, it is possible that they will become a larger threat for not only the native flora, but also for local biodiversity. Geranium bronze may start to be in competition with indigenous lycaenid species whose only food source is "Geranium" plants, such as "E. eumedon" and "A. nicias." Unfortunately, as pests, the geranium bronze butterflies have caused economic troubles as well. In countries like Spain, the "Geranium" plant


title: "Geranium bronze" content: species are highly bought in Spanish homes as ornaments. According to Sarto i Monteys et al., these plants are highly important in both sales and in employment for both production and marketing (Sarto i Monteys V 1991). In Spain alone, there are four major "Geranium" plant companies, together collecting over $30 million a year in the market. Companies have already seen drops in sales as the "Geraniums" have been affected by these butterflies. Currently, research is being done to find effective ways to prevent the attacks by these butterflies, but unfortunately many possible insecticides are too chemically potent on the


title: "Geranium bronze" content: plants that control of these butterflies has been difficult. There is a large body of research on the use of pesticides on geranium bronze butterflies. Contact pesticides were found to have no effect on the butterfly, because the larva spends the majority of its life within the plant, along with other endophytic habits. Herrero et al. found that "B. thuringiensis" may be effective in controlling the geranium bronze . Geranium bronze The geranium bronze or brun des pélargoniums in French ("Cacyreus marshalli"), is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. The geranium bronze butterfly is native to South Africa. The butterfly


title: "State Peace and Development Council" content: ensure the right of "internally displaced persons to return voluntarily, in safety and with dignity, to their homes or places of habitual residence, or to resettle voluntarily in another part of the country." According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), despite the new quasi-civilian government taking power in Burma, forced labour continues to be widespread in Burma. It is imposed mainly by the military, for 'portering' (that is, carrying of provisions to remote bases, or on military operations), road construction, camp construction and repair, and for a range of other tasks. In March 1997, the European Union withdrew Burma's trade


title: "Michael Davies (Catholic writer)" content: believed to be false. Davies died on 25 September 2004, aged 68, following a battle with cancer and was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary's, Chislehurst, Kent. He was survived by his wife, Marija, one daughter and two sons, one of whom is the barrister Adrian Davies. Michael Davies (Catholic writer) Michael Treharne Davies (13 March 1936 – 25 September 2004) was a British teacher and traditionalist Catholic writer of many books about the Catholic Church following the Second Vatican Council. From 1992 to 2004 he was the president of the international Traditionalist Catholic organisation "Foederatio Internationalis" Una Voce


title: "Free and open-source graphics device driver" content: for Video Coding Engine and Unified Video Decoder. The free and open-source Radeon graphics device drivers are not reverse-engineered, but are based on documentation released by AMD without the requirement to sign a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). Documentation began to be gradually released in 2007. This is in contrast to AMD's main competitor in the graphics field, Nvidia, which has a proprietary driver similar to AMD Catalyst but provides no support to free-graphics initiatives. In addition to providing the necessary documentation, AMD employees contribute code to support their hardware and features. At the 2014 Game Developers Conference, The company announced that


title: "Common darter" content: Common darter The common darter ("Sympetrum striolatum") is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae native to Eurasia. It is one of the most common dragonflies in Europe, occurring in a wide variety of water bodies, though with a preference for breeding in still water such as ponds and lakes. In the south of its range adults are on the wing all year round. "Sympetrum" species are not easy to tell apart and in most areas more than one "Sympetrum" species will occur. Females and teneral individuals have light yellow thorax and abdomen. Males turn red as they mature. Females darken


title: "Common darter" content: with age, becoming a dark chocolate brown, and sometimes develop a blue colouration to the bottom of the abdomen. The wings also develop a brown tinge with age. In all cases the legs have a cream or yellow stripe on a black background - this is a diagnostic feature of this species. The pterostigma of the females can be red, blue, pale blue or brown. Adults can be seen on the wing all year round in southern Europe but in northern regions they occur from June to November. This small dragonfly is seen in a wide variety of habitats, including


title: "Common darter" content: lakes, ponds, canals and slow-flowing rivers. They are ambush predators, waiting on a prominent perch - such as a leaf or the top of a gate, until prey fly past, whereupon they will fly after it. They are territorial on breeding waters, often attempting to chase much bigger dragonflies away such as southern hawkers. This habit of repeatedly returning to a sunny spot allows you to easily predict where they are going to land, which is why it is one of the easiest dragonflies to photograph. In suitable hunting areas away from water, however, they are not territorial: large numbers


title: "Common darter" content: may assemble - groups of several hundred in a single field have been recorded - and lines of insects can be seen along the top of field gates. Eggs are not laid, but broadcast from the air: the male holds the female in tandem and swings her down and forward over water. At the furthest point of the arc the female releases some of her eggs to fall on the water. This is one of the most abundant dragonflies in Europe, and populations show no evidence of decline. A taxon named the highland darter used to be considered a separate


title: "Common darter" content: species, "Sympetrum nigrescens". It is found in Ireland, Scotland and Norway. It may be the same taxon as the island darter, formally "S. nigrifemur", both being a subspecies of "S. striolatum". Common darter The common darter ("Sympetrum striolatum") is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae native to Eurasia. It is one of the most common dragonflies in Europe, occurring in a wide variety of water bodies, though with a preference for breeding in still water such as ponds and lakes. In the south of its range adults are on the wing all year round. "Sympetrum" species are not easy to


title: "Four-spotted chaser" content: Four-spotted chaser The four-spotted chaser ("Libellula quadrimaculata"), known in North America as the four-spotted skimmer, is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae found widely throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. The adult stage is found between April to early September in the United Kingdom, and from mid-May to mid-August in Ireland. Larvae have a two-year developmental cycle. Adults feed predominantly on mosquitoes, gnats, and midges; the larvae feed primarily on other aquatic insect larvae and on tadpoles. There is a variant form, "praenubila" Newman, which has exaggerated wing spots. This is believed to be related to water temperatures during larval


title: "Four-spotted chaser" content: development, and appears to be more common in Europe than in the Americas. The four-spotted skimmer is the state insect of Alaska. This active dragonfly mainly lives by ponds, vernal pools, and slow flowing rivers; they are most common in June and July. The brown colour and the four spots on the wings make them unmistakable. The male is considered to be highly aggressive and will defend a given territory from incursions from other males of the species. The male is known to form preferences for prominent perches and will often return to the same perches around the margins of


title: "Four-spotted chaser" content: pools and ponds whilst it patrols for intruders. Males have a favourable view of the sky during perching. They look toward a section of the sky away from the sun, with less radiation but a higher UV and blue-violet saturation. Thus, the fovea of the eyes, which is sensitive to blue and UV radiation, is optimally suited to the detection of flying insects against the blue sky. Both sexes are prolific fliers, and mating takes place in the air, rather than on perches or amongst the vegetation. The female lays her eggs on floating vegetation. They tend to be easier


title: "Four-spotted chaser" content: to approach than Broad-bodied Chasers. The larger emperor dragonfly ("Anax imperator") is a predator of this species. Another is the green tiger beetle ("Cicindela campestris"). Four-spotted chaser The four-spotted chaser ("Libellula quadrimaculata"), known in North America as the four-spotted skimmer, is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae found widely throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. The adult stage is found between April to early September in the United Kingdom, and from mid-May to mid-August in Ireland. Larvae have a two-year developmental cycle. Adults feed predominantly on mosquitoes, gnats, and midges; the larvae feed primarily on other aquatic insect larvae and


title: "Piper excelsum" content: Piper excelsum Piper excelsum (formerly known as "Macropiper excelsum"), commonly known as kawakawa, is a small tree of which the subspecies "P. excelsum" subsp. "excelsum" is endemic to New Zealand; the subspecies "P. e." subsp. "psittacorum" is found on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands. Kawakawa is found throughout the North Island, and as far south as Okarito (43.20 °S) on the West Coast, and Banks Peninsula (43.5 °S) on the east coast of the South Island. The leaves are often covered with holes caused by the caterpillar of the kawakawa looper moth ("Cleora scriptaria"). The images


title: "Piper excelsum" content: depict the variety "majus" which has larger and more glossy leaves than "P. excelsum". The name "kawakawa" comes from the Māori language, where it refers to the bitter taste of the leaves, from "kawa" or bitter. Kawakawa leaves are about 5–10 cm long by 6–12 cm wide; they are opposite to each other, broadly rounded with a short drawn-out tip and are heart-shaped at their bases. The leaves are deep green in colour if growing in the forest, but may be yellowish-green in more open situations. The flowers are produced on greenish, erect spikes 2.5–7.5 cm long. Kawakawa flowers are


title: "Piper excelsum" content: quite minute and very closely placed around the spike. After pollination the flowers gradually swell and become fleshy to form small, berry-like fruits that are yellow to bright orange. Each berry cluster is the size of a small finger. Ripening period is January and February. These fruits are favoured by kereru, or New Zealand pigeon ("Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae") and tui ("Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae"). Kawakawa is a traditional medicinal plant of the Māori. An infusion is made from the leaves or roots, and used for bladder problems, boils, bruises, to relieve pain or toothache, or as a general tonic. The sweet edible yellow


title: "Piper excelsum" content: berries (most often found in summer on female trees) of the plant were eaten as a diuretic. It also is important in cultural contexts: host people of a marae wave leaves of kawakawa to welcome guests. At a tangi, both hosts and guests may wear wreaths of kawakawa on the head as a sign of mourning. It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Kawakawa is sometimes called "Māori kava" and is often confused with the kava plant ("Piper methysticum"). While the two plants look similar and have similar names, they are different, albeit related, species. Kava is


title: "Piper excelsum" content: a traditional plant and beverage of the South Pacific. The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with medicinal, sedative, anesthetic, euphoriant, and entheogenic properties. It is most likely not a coincidence that this plant has a similar name to kawakawa. One source stated: "In New Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Maori gave the name kawa-kawa to another Piperaceae, "M. excelsum", in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Māori word kawa also means "ceremonial protocol", recalling the stylised consumption of the drug


title: "Piper excelsum" content: typical of Polynesian societies." Piper excelsum Piper excelsum (formerly known as "Macropiper excelsum"), commonly known as kawakawa, is a small tree of which the subspecies "P. excelsum" subsp. "excelsum" is endemic to New Zealand; the subspecies "P. e." subsp. "psittacorum" is found on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands. Kawakawa is found throughout the North Island, and as far south as Okarito (43.20 °S) on the West Coast, and Banks Peninsula (43.5 °S) on the east coast of the South Island. The leaves are often covered with holes caused by the caterpillar of the kawakawa looper moth


title: "Poussinists and Rubenists" content: genre, landscape and still life had become established with their emphasis on the observation of nature, and therefore the arguments of the Rubenists amounted to a revival of existing traditions of naturalism and a call for a greater discipline in painting rather than representing an attitude of general licence or "laissez faire" as is sometimes assumed. The argument also took place during the beginning of the Enlightenment and the Rubenists found support in John Locke's "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1690) which argued that all ideas derived from experience and that none were innate. Jean-Baptiste Dubos observed that what was comprehended


title: "David Horovitch" content: David Horovitch David Horovitch (born 11 August 1945) is an English actor, perhaps best known for playing the character of Inspector Slack in "Miss Marple". Horovitch was born in London, the son of Alice Mary, a teacher, and Morris Horovitch, a child care worker. Horovitch was educated at St Christopher School, a boarding independent school in the town of Letchworth Garden City in Hertfordshire, followed by the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. Horovitch has played many roles on popular British TV shows in the past 40 years including: "The New Avengers", "Prince Regent", "Piece of Cake", "Hold


title: Geirangerfjord content: Geirangerfjord The Geiranger Fjord () is a fjord in the Sunnmøre region of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located entirely in the Stranda Municipality. It is a -long branch off the Sunnylvsfjorden, which is a branch off the Storfjorden (Great Fjord). The small village of Geiranger is located at the end of the fjord where the Geirangelva river empties into it. The fjord is one of Norway's most visited tourist sites. In 2005, it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, jointly with the Nærøyfjorden, although this status is now threatened by the disputed plans to build


title: Geirangerfjord content: power lines across the fjord. A car ferry, which doubles as a sightseeing trip, is operated by Fjord1 Nordvestlandske. It runs lengthwise along the fjord between the small towns of Geiranger and Hellesylt. Along the fjord's sides there lie a number of now-abandoned farms. Some restoration has been made by the "Storfjordens venner" association. The most commonly visited among these are Skageflå, Knivsflå, and Blomberg. Skageflå may also be reached on foot from Geiranger, while the others require a boat excursion. The fjord is also host to several impressive waterfalls such as Seven Sisters Falls. Magdalene Thoresen, Henrik Ibsen's mother-in-law,


title: Geirangerfjord content: said of the area: This fjord is surrounded by some of the steepest mountains on the entire west coast. It is very narrow and has no habitable shore area, for the precipitous heights rise in sheer and rugged strata almost straight out of the water. Foaming waterfalls plunge into the fjord from jagged peaks. There are, however, a few mountain farms here, and of these one or two have such hazardous access, by paths that wind around steep precipices, and by bridges that are fixed to the mountain with iron bolts and rings, that they bear witness in a most


title: Geirangerfjord content: striking way to the remarkable powers of invention which the challenges of nature have developed in man. The two most notable waterfalls in the Geiranger Fjord are Seven Sisters Falls and the Suitor (also called "The Friar"). Both falls face one another across the fjord, and the Suitor is said to be trying to woo the sisters opposite. The Bridal Veil is another waterfall in the fjord, so named because it falls delicately over one rocky edge, and when seen backlit by the sun it has the appearance of a thin veil over the rocks. The Geiranger Fjord is under


title: Geirangerfjord content: constant threat from the mountain Åkerneset which is about to erode into the fjord. A collapse would produce a tsunami, hitting several nearby towns including Geiranger and Hellesylt in about ten minutes. Geirangerfjord The Geiranger Fjord () is a fjord in the Sunnmøre region of Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located entirely in the Stranda Municipality. It is a -long branch off the Sunnylvsfjorden, which is a branch off the Storfjorden (Great Fjord). The small village of Geiranger is located at the end of the fjord where the Geirangelva river empties into it. The fjord is one of


title: "Rami Jaffee" content: Rami Jaffee Rami Jaffee (born March 11, 1969) is an American musician who is the keyboardist for Foo Fighters and the Wallflowers. He has worked for many artists including Pete Yorn, Soul Asylum, Stone Sour, Joseph Arthur and Coheed and Cambria. Jaffee was born on March 11, 1969, in Los Angeles. When he was 13, he purchased a keyboard and was soon playing with local bands. After graduating from Fairfax High School, he continued to play in various bands, and he took session work in recording studios. Around 1989, Jakob Dylan and his friend Tobi Miller formed a group called


title: "Angelique Bouchard Collins" content: The childhood scene establishes, more intensively than the television series did, Angelique's class-based resentment of the Collins clan's privileges, for she is cautioned by her mother that she must accept her place, servitude, in the social structure of the time and not even gaze freely upon her "betters", including Barnabas. It is later learned that Angelique had caused the fatal accident that claimed Barnabas' parents' lives. Angelique Bouchard Collins Angelique Bouchard is a fictional character from the gothic horror-soap opera and film "Dark Shadows", in which she is the main antagonist. She is primarily portrayed as a powerful witch driven


title: "Khalil Ibrahim" content: relatively small ethnic base of support, being limited to the Kobe Zaghawa, including many kinsmen from across the Chadian border. Ibrahim received political and financial support from Libya and its leader Muammar Gaddafi. After the NTC's win in the 2011 Libyan civil war against the government of the Jamahiriya he was forced to flee back to Darfur. On 5 March 2002, Dr. Ibrahim claimed credit for initiating a government revolt. This apparent claim of the landmark attack on Golo, actually carried out by the Sudan Liberation Army, was mocked by the SLA and the JEM was forced to back away


title: Kalyandurg content: part of Dharmavaram that was separated in 1893. Sri Subrahmanyeswara Swamy temple is located at the heart of the town. This temple was built in around 16th century. Anantapur district is replete with Megalithic remains. In the vicinity of Kalyanadurg, several hundred megalithic monuments, such as dolemnoid cists and cairn circles are situated at the foothills and the slopes of the Akkamma Vari hills. Another large group of cairn circles is 2 km north of Akkamma Gari Konda. Similar remains are located at Mudigallu, a village about 5 km easterly to Kalyandurg, and Muthalabanda village, 2 km north east of


title: "Antonin Scalia Law School" content: Statutory Interpretation (2 credits), and Criminal Law (3 credits). In addition, every student is required to complete one semester of "Economic Foundations of Legal Studies," a basic economics course taught by distinguished economists. First-year students may not take any electives. The first-year students are graded according to a mandatory 3.25 curve. In their second year of study, day students must complete a 4-credit Constitutional Law course and complete an additional 4 credits of LRWA. Students may select from a variety of upper-level electives in addition to these requirements. According to George Mason's official ABA-required disclosures, 56% of the Class of


title: "Notodden Blues Festival" content: established the Notodden Blues Festival Foundation. The goal of this entity is to secure the financial costs needed to operate the festival. Presently, the "operation capital " controlled by the Foundation is NOK 900,000, which has been accumulated as a result of the economic success of previous festivals. Each year, young people between the ages of 14 and 18 are given the opportunity to be a part of the "New Generation of the Blues". Forty youths are chosen to participate in this seminar. Participants, though mostly from Norway, come from as far away as Mississippi, U.S.A. Professional instructors, with backgrounds


title: "Herberton, Queensland" content: restored period buildings. The Herberton Spy & Camera Museum houses antique spy cameras, a photographic gallery and photographic memorabilia with guided tours through the museum and a working photographer and photographic studio. Most recently, a Railway Museum has been established by volunteers in the former Herberton Railway Station building. This is operated by volunteers and only open part-time. The Tepon Equestrian Grounds just out of Herberton have recently been upgraded with a large undercover pavilion for equestrian and other sporting events such as cycling and mountain biking. Local markets are held on the 3rd Sunday of every month at the


title: "Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge" content: two designs, a conservative single-deck suspension bridge and a double-decked version, both with meticulous calculations and drawings. Instead of relying solely on submissions, Charles Ellet, Jr. took a proactive approach. When he got wind of the project in 1845, he wrote to Charles B. Stuart, chief engineer of the Great Western Railway, boldly proclaiming that he could build a bridge for any likely purpose across the Niagara. After the charters had been obtained, Ellet helped Stuart to sell the bridge companies' stock and offered to buy US$30,000 worth of stock himself. His efforts earned him the $190,000 bridge contract on


title: "Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge" content: Canadian side and back. From the United States, the New York and Erie Rail Road's Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad and New York Central Railroad's Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad crossed over the bridge and reached into Ontario. Similarly, the Great Western Railway in Canada extended its network from Canada into New York. At the time of the bridge's opening, the three railroads were of different gauges: on the New York Central, on the Great Western, and on the Erie. Instead of accommodating three railways side-by-side on a single wide deck, the bridge saved space by overlapping the tracks over


title: "Francisco Linares Alcántara" content: Francisco Linares Alcántara Francisco de Paula Linares Alcántara (13 April 1825 – 30 November 1878) was President of Venezuela (1877–1878) and a member of the Liberal Party of Venezuela. Francisco Linares Alcántara was born on April 13, 1825 in Turmero, Aragua to General Francisco de Paula Alcántara and Trinidad Linares. His father was one of the heroes of the Venezuelan War of Independence. Francisco Linares Alcántara later married to Belén Esteves Yánes, who served as First Lady of Venezuela from 1877–1878. Francisco Linares Alcántara began his career as a soldier in 1846 and fought during the insurrections carried out by


title: "Dryopteris filix-mas" content: Dryopteris filix-mas Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, rocks, and screes. It is much less abundant in North America than in Europe. The plant is sometimes referred to in ancient literature as worm fern. Its specific epithet "filix-mas" means "male fern ("filix" "fern", "mas" "male")", as the plant was thought to be the male version of the common lady fern "Athyrium filix-femina". being robust in appearance and


title: "Dryopteris filix-mas" content: vigorous in growth. The semi-evergreen leaves have an upright habit and reach a maximum length of , with a single crown on each rootstock. The bipinnate leaves consist of 20–35 pinnae on each side of the rachis. The leaves taper at both ends, with the basal pinnae about half the length of the middle pinnae. The pinules are rather blunt and equally lobed all around. The stalks are covered with orange-brown scales. On the abaxial surface of the mature blade 5 to 6 sori develop in two rows. When the spores ripen in August to November, the indusium starts to


title: "Dryopteris filix-mas" content: shrivel, leading to the release of the spores. This species hybridises easily with "Dryopteris affinis" (scaly male fern) and "Dryopteris oreades" (mountain male fern). Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: The root was used, until recent times, as an anthelmintic to expel tapeworms, but has been replaced by less toxic and more effective drugs. The anthelmintic activity has been claimed to be due to flavaspidic acid, a phloroglucinol derivative. Dryopteris filix-mas Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native


title: "Austin Idol" content: Austin Idol Michael McCord (born October 26, 1949) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name the "Universal Heartthrob" Austin Idol. He currently performs as the manager for NWA World Heavyweight Champion Nick Aldis. McCord graduated from Robinson High School in Tampa, Florida. He started wrestling as Iron Mike McCord, a superheavyweight powerlifter in 1972, and became a star in a number of southeast promotions, holding many titles in the Memphis, Georgia, Birmingham, Texas All Star & Mid Atlantic territories. McCord also had a stint in the WWWF with Lou Albano as his manager. He also


title: "A Fable" content: A Fable A Fable is a 1954 novel written by the American author William Faulkner. He spent more than a decade and tremendous effort on it, and aspired for it to be "the best work of my life and maybe of my time". It won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, but critical reviews were mixed and it is considered one of Faulkner's lesser works. Historically, it can be seen as a precursor to Joseph Heller's "Catch-22". The book takes place in France during World War I and stretches through the course of one week in 1918. Corporal


title: "Association scheme" content: with given minimum distance, and lower bounds for the size of a design with a given strength. The most specific results are obtained in the case where the underlying association scheme satisfies certain polynomial properties; this leads one into the realm of orthogonal polynomials. In particular, some universal bounds are derived for codes and designs in polynomial-type association schemes. In classical coding theory, dealing with codes in a Hamming scheme, the MacWilliams transform involves a family of orthogonal polynomials known as the Krawtchouk polynomials. These polynomials give the eigenvalues of the distance relation matrices of the Hamming scheme. Association scheme


title: "Greater Grand Forks Greenway" content: Grand Forks owns all land within the Greenway. The Grand Forks Park District is responsible for managing and maintaining four park areas of Lincoln Golf Course, Riverside Park, Kannowski Park (formerly Central Park), and Lincoln Drive Park. On the East Grand Forks side, the city of East Grand Forks owns a section of the Greenway in the downtown area. All other land on the East Grand Forks side is owned by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. This section is called the Red River State Recreation Area. Greater Grand Forks Greenway The Greater Grand Forks Greenway is a huge greenway


title: "Victorian literature" content: comic operas by Gilbert and Sullivan and were followed by the 1890s with the first Edwardian musical comedies. The first play to achieve 500 consecutive performances was the London comedy "Our Boys" by H. J. Byron, opening in 1875. Its astonishing new record of 1,362 performances was bested in 1892 by "Charley's Aunt" by Brandon Thomas. After W. S. Gilbert, Oscar Wilde became the leading poet and dramatist of the late Victorian period. Wilde's plays, in particular, stand apart from the many now forgotten plays of Victorian times and have a closer relationship to those of the Edwardian dramatists such


title: "29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot" content: in October 1745. In 1746, 27 soldiers died in the Port-la-Joye Massacre, in part because they were unarmed. In response, officers were ordered to carry swords and side arms even off duty, leading to the nickname, the "Ever Sworded." The regiment remained in North America after the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returned Louisbourg to France; in 1749, it helped establish the town of Halifax, Nova Scotia during Father Le Loutre's War. A significant organisational change occurred in 1751; previously, regiments were considered the property of their Colonel, changed names when transferred from one to another and were disbanded as soon


title: "Sumi Jo" content: to cancel the performance and return to South Korea for the funeral. Her mother reminded Jo of her promise to her audiences, and said that it was better if she went on with the show in honor of her father. Her performance was dedicated to her father and released as a DVD titled "Sumi Jo in Paris – For my Father". She has been claimed as "a voice from above" by Maestro Herbert von Karajan. Jo is an advocate for animal rights and one of only five Asian celebrities to make People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Asia-Pacific's (PETA)


title: "Bewick's wren" content: Bewick's wren The Bewick's wren ("Thryomanes bewickii") is a wren native to North America. At about long, it is grey-brown above, white below, with a long white eyebrow. While similar in appearance to the Carolina wren, it has a long tail that is tipped in white. The song is loud and melodious, much like the song of other wrens. It lives in thickets, brush piles and hedgerows, open woodlands and scrubby areas, often near streams. It eats insects and spiders, which it gleans from vegetation or finds on the ground. Its historic range was from southern British Columbia, Nebraska, southern


title: "Bewick's wren" content: Ontario, and southwestern Pennsylvania, Maryland, south to Mexico, Arkansas and the northern Gulf States. However, it is now extremely rare east of the Mississippi River. John James Audubon is credited with having first described a specimen of the Bewick's wren, collecting the first known specimen in 1821. The Bewick's Wren is named after Audubon's friend Thomas Bewick, an English engraver and natural historian. This is currently the only species of its genus, Thryomanes. The Socorro wren, formerly placed here too, is actually a close relative of the house wren complex, as indicated by biogeography and mtDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2


title: "Bewick's wren" content: sequence analysis, whereas "Thryomanes" seems not too distant from the Carolina wren. A list of commonly recognized subspecies follows. Two have gone extinct during the 20th century, mainly due to habitat destruction and cat predation. The last three are sometimes united as "T. b. mexicanus". The validity of subspecies needs to be verified using freshly caught birds and/or molecular data, as specimens are prone to foxing quickly. The Bewick's wren has an average length of 5.1 inches (13 cm) and an average weight of 0.3 to 0.4 ounces (8 -12 g). Its plumage is brown on top and light grey


title: "Bewick's wren" content: underneath, with a white stripe above each eye. Its beak is long, slender, and slightly curved. Its most distinctive feature is its long tail with black bars and white corners. It moves its tail around frequently, making this feature even more obvious for observers. Juveniles look similar to adults, with only a few key differences. Their beaks are usually shorter and stockier. In addition, their underbelly might feature some faint speckling. Males and females are very similar in appearance. Bewick's wrens, like many wrens, are very vocal. Both females and males make short calls while foraging and both use a


title: "Bewick's wren" content: harsh scolding call when agitated. Males also sing in order to attract mates and protect their territory. The song is broken into two or three individual parts; one individual male may exhibit up to twenty-two different variations on the song pattern, and may even throw in a little ventriloquism to vary it even further. A male wren learns its song from neighboring males, so its song will be different from its father's. Geographic differences have been observed in the appearance of the Bewick's wren. Eastern populations, prior to their decline, were described as being more colorful, such as having a


title: "Bewick's wren" content: reddish tint to its brown feathers. Pacific populations are described as being darker in appearance, while populations in the Southwest are described as having a grayer plumage. Geographic differences have also been noted in the song of Bewick's wrens. Each regional population of Bewick's wrens have distinctive vocalizations, in particular their call notes. Pacific populations sing notably more complicated songs than Southwestern populations. Eastern populations were also noted to be excellent singers. The Bewick's wren once had a range that extended throughout much of the United States and Mexico and parts of Canada. It used to be fairly common in


title: "Bewick's wren" content: the Midwest and in the Appalachian Mountains, but it is now extremely rare east of the Mississippi River. It is still found along the Pacific Coast from Baja California to British Columbia, in Mexico, and in a significant portion of the Southwest, including Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. Western populations do not tend to migrate. Eastern populations, prior to their decline, used to migrate from its northern range to the Gulf Coast. The preferred habitat of the Bewick's wren is that of open woodlands and brush-filled areas such as hillsides and uplands. They are more common than house wrens


title: "Bewick's wren" content: in drier habitats, such as those found in the Southwest. In California, Bewick's wrens inhabit a shrubland area called chaparral. Bewick's wrens are insect eaters. They glean insects and insect eggs from vegetation, including the trunks of trees. They typically do not feed on vegetation higher than 3 meters, but they will forage on the ground. Bewick's wrens are capable of hanging upside down in order to acquire food, such as catching an insect on the underside of a branch. When it catches an insect, it kills the insect prior to swallowing it whole. Bewick's wrens will repeatedly wipe their


title: "Bewick's wren" content: beaks on its perch after a meal. Bewick's wrens will visit backyard feeders. They will eat suet, peanut hearts, hulled sunflower seeds, and mealworms. Like many insect-eating birds, the Bewick's wren widens its diet to include seeds in the winter. Courtship begins with the male singing from its perch. It will occasionally pause its song in order to chase its competitors. Bewick's wrens form monogamous pairs that will then forage together. The male wren begins building the nest in a cavity or birdhouse, with the female joining in later. The nest is constructed from twigs and other plant materials, and


title: "Bewick's wren" content: is often lined with feathers. The nest is cup-shaped and located in a nook or cavity of some kind. It lays 5–7 eggs that are white with brown spots. The Bewick's wren produces two broods in a season. Pairs are more or less monogamous when it comes to breeding, but go solitary throughout the winter. In 2016, the Bewick's wren was listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List of threatened species due to the size of its range and estimates of its population size. However, ornithologists have noted a severe decline in its eastern range and parts of


title: "Bewick's wren" content: its western range. In particular, it has virtually disappeared from east of the Mississippi. In 1984, the state of Maryland classified the Bewick's wren as endangered under its Maryland Endangered Species Act of 1971. Despite this classification, no breeding pairs of Bewick's wrens are known to remain in Maryland. In 2014, the North American Bird Conservation Initiative placed the eastern Bewick's wren on its watch list. Several theories have been proposed to explain its decline in its eastern range, including pesticide use and competition from other bird species. The most likely reason seems to be competition from house wrens. House


title: "Bewick's wren" content: wrens compete with Bewick's wrens for similar nesting sites. House wrens will destroy both the nests and eggs of Bewick's wrens. The reforestation of once open land has also negatively impacted the eastern Bewick's wrens. In California, habitat loss due to development has impacted the Bewick's wren. In San Diego, the development of canyons has led to the gradual decline of native bird species, including the Bewick's wren. In Washington, development has actually benefited the Bewick's wren, leading to an increase in its population. However, this has coincided with the decline of the Pacific wren thanks to increased competition between


title: "Bewick's wren" content: the two species. Bewick's wren The Bewick's wren ("Thryomanes bewickii") is a wren native to North America. At about long, it is grey-brown above, white below, with a long white eyebrow. While similar in appearance to the Carolina wren, it has a long tail that is tipped in white. The song is loud and melodious, much like the song of other wrens. It lives in thickets, brush piles and hedgerows, open woodlands and scrubby areas, often near streams. It eats insects and spiders, which it gleans from vegetation or finds on the ground. Its historic range was from southern British


title: "Industrial school" content: They were distinct from reformatories set up under the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act (the Reformatory Schools Act) which included an element of punishment. Both agreed in 1927 to call themselves approved schools. In Ireland, the Industrial Schools Act of 1868 established industrial schools () to care for "neglected, orphaned and abandoned children". By 1884 there were 5,049 children in such institutions. An Industrial Feeding School was opened in Aberdeen in 1846. Industrial schools, like the contemporaneous ragged schools, were set up by volunteers to help destitute children. Their philosophy differed in that they believed that an education was not enough:


title: "Musée des Beaux Arts (poem)" content: Musée des Beaux Arts (poem) "Musée des Beaux Arts" (French for "Museum of Fine Arts") is a poem written by W. H. Auden in December 1938 while he was staying in Brussels, Belgium with Christopher Isherwood. It was first published under the title "Palais des beaux arts" (Palace of Fine Arts) in the Spring 1939 issue of "New Writing", a modernist magazine edited by John Lehmann. It next appeared in the collected volume of verse "Another Time" (New York: Random House, 1940), which was followed four months later by the English edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1940). The poem's title


title: MotorStorm content: Eagle's Nest & Diamondback Speedway were released in Europe on 11 January 2008 and in North America on 17 January 2008. On 7 February 2008 in North America and Europe, a Chinese New Year skin becomes available for download for the "Wulff Revo" rally car. Despite the closure of the multiplayer servers in 2012, it is still possible to download the game updates as of today, as they're required for DLC compatibility. While most PS3 games search for updates from the XMB or after starting them, this games requires the user to enter the now-defunct online modes in order to


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: Embraer Legacy 600 The Embraer Legacy 600 is a business jet derivative of the Embraer ERJ 145 family of commercial jet aircraft. The Legacy 600 (market designation adopted after 2005) is based on the ERJ-135 model. It was launched in 2000 at the Farnborough Airshow as the "Legacy 2000". The Legacy carries 13 passengers in three partitioned sections for or 8 passengers for . It features added range via extra fuel tanks in the tail behind the baggage compartment and forward of the wing, winglets, and an extensive drag reduction program. It is certified to altitude versus for the airline


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: configuration. The Legacy Shuttle can seat 19 to 37 in airline-style seats but without the range. The first flight was made in June 2000, with the prototype of the ERJ-135 (PT-ZJA). This same aircraft was once the prototype of the first ERJ-145. New winglets and new wing-to-fuselage fairing was added, but no additional fuel tanks were available. The new fuselage fuel tanks were ready for the second prototype (PT-XJO), along with engine and avionics, that flew only in March 31st 2001. It was the second Embraer model to feature winglets, as the first were installed on the EMB-145SA military model.


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: Embraer winglet models differed in shape and structure, due to their optimum design speed. The Legacy 600 competes on the upper end of the small to mid-sized range of business jets and is considered a "Super Midsize" aircraft. It has nearly the opposite design progression as the rival Canadair Challenger. The Legacy 600 was derived from the established ERJ family of regional jets, while the Canadair Regional Jet was developed by Bombardier from the Challenger business jet. Both lines of aircraft are competitors. Embraer has since launched an extensive lineup of business aircraft, from the entry-level Phenom 100 to the


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: Lineage 1000, a bizliner version of the company's 100-seat E190. With the updated Mark I cockpit of the EMB-145, the Legacy includes a Honeywell Primus Elite avionics suite glass cockpit. Announced at the 2009 NBAA show, the Legacy 650 is a longer-range version of the Legacy 600, giving it a range capability of 7,220km (3,900nmi) non-stop with four passengers, or carry 1,134kg more than the 600 for a 6,290km trip. It features also a lowered alley, with increased headroom and it was certified by the FAA in February 2011. Embraer had a joint venture with Aviation Industry Corp. in China


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: assembling Legacy 650 and ERJ-145 for thirteen years. An enhanced version, the 650E, was announced at the 2016 NBAA and scheduled for introduction in 2017. It includes a synthetic vision system and autothrottle as standard, a restyled three-zone interior and comes with a 10-year or 10,000-flight-hour warranty. On 29 September 2006, an ExcelAire Legacy (N600XL) collided with Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 Boeing 737 while cruising over the northern state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The Boeing crashed to the ground and all 154 passengers and crew were killed, while the Embraer jet, despite serious damage to the left horizontal stabilizer


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: and left winglet, was able to continue flying and managed to land at a Brazilian military airfield (Cachimbo Air Force Base). This survival aircraft remained un-preserved almost three years, but in mid-2009 American company General Aviation Services agreed to buy the aircraft. The company partnered with Gantt Aviation and Constant Aviation to check and prepare it for its ferry to the US. Constant completed the work and finally on 19 November 2010 (more than 4 years after the accident) the aircraft, now with the new registration of N965LL, arrived at Cleveland International Airport to be refurbished and put up for


title: "Embraer Legacy 600" content: sale. The plane was reported to be on sale in March 2011, even though repairs to the left wingtip and stabilizer were still being completed in August 2011. The plane was then sold to a private owner in 2013 and registered in Mexico as XA-MHA. Embraer Legacy 600 The Embraer Legacy 600 is a business jet derivative of the Embraer ERJ 145 family of commercial jet aircraft. The Legacy 600 (market designation adopted after 2005) is based on the ERJ-135 model. It was launched in 2000 at the Farnborough Airshow as the "Legacy 2000". The Legacy carries 13 passengers in


title: "Juan Natalicio González" content: and propaganda machinery. Very soon he became the main writer for some newspapers linked to the Colorado Party, like "Patria", "Colorado", and "El País". During this time he published some books of poetry, political commentary, and historical essays. In 1920 he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he worked for a major publishing company. His duties allowed him to travel all over South America and meet politicians, writers, and intellectuals from different South American countries. In 1923 he moved to Paris, to work with a Paraguayan publishing company. He spent two years in Europe, returning to Paraguay at the end


title: "Django (web framework)" content: formed Django Software Foundation (DSF) would maintain Django in the future. Despite having its own nomenclature, such as naming the callable objects generating the HTTP responses "views", the core Django framework can be seen as an MVC architecture. It consists of an object-relational mapper (ORM) that mediates between data models (defined as Python classes) and a relational database ("Model"), a system for processing HTTP requests with a web templating system ("View"), and a regular-expression-based URL dispatcher ("Controller"). Also included in the core framework are: The main Django distribution also bundles a number of applications in its "contrib" package, including: Django's


title: "Polish–Ottoman War (1633–34)" content: with Polish troops, then-Polish Ukraine was bolstered by Cossacks and Koniecpolski's troops and besides, many times Tatars themselves offered to the Commonwealth to raid Muscovy in exchange for “gifts” (or were sent “gifts” to do so). An army of Tartars, approximately 20,000 strong attacked Muscovy in 1632, and again in 1633, in even larger numbers. Attacks continued until 1637. In June 1634, Tatars operated in the area of Kursk, Orel; and Mtsensk. A year later they attacked Lesser Nogai Horde and Azov Horde. In 1636 Crimean Tatars attacked again and Greater Nogai Orde changed their allegiance to Crimea. Southern defenses


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: Enallagma cyathigerum Enallagma cyathigerum (common blue damselfly, common bluet, or northern bluet) is a species found mainly between latitudes 40°N and 72°N. The species can reach a length of 32 to 35 mm (1.3 to 1.4 in). It is common in many different countries including Russia, Canada, United States, Europe and South Korea. Damselflies are an important link between the health of the aquatic ecosystem and its response to climate change. These damselflies inhabit freshwater bodies whose conditions range, they have been seen in acidic fens as well as eutrophic ponds. They have been considered one of the more sensitive


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: insects in an aquatic setting. They are important within the trophic levels as they are an intermediate predator. They consume smaller larvae and they are preyed on by fish and larvae bigger than them. The larvae prefer a habitat that has a more complex structure in the ground composition as well as the plants. The larval stages spend most of their time within the plants, climbing and feeding. Although they do prefer a more complex habitat, they can also be found in habitats with simpler vegetation. They are efficient in both complexities equally, but the complex vegetation also serves as


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: protection from fish. These larvae are able to live in a dense population in shallow areas of water without showing signs of competition between the larvae. The damselfly larvae require a plant structure that can withstand the backward movement that occurs when the labium protracts to catch food. The males of this species are a cerulean blue color with black markings, while the females have a larger variation in their coloring. Within females there are a few different morphs in which they can take, andromorph and heteromorph. Andromorphic females resemble the cerulean blue males, but they have more black patterning


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: on their bodies. The heteromorphic females are more of a brown or green brown color and do not resemble the males at all. The reasoning behind the different morphs is to attempt to limit the amount of attention the female receives when she is near the water for reproduction. The common blue damselfly can be easily mistaken for the azure damselfly ("Coenagrion puella"), but on the back and the thorax, the common blue damselfly has more blue than black; for the azure damselfly it is the other way around. The second segment of the thorax has a distinctive spot with


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: a line below connecting to the third segment. Another difference can be observed when inspecting the side of the thorax. The common blue damselfly has only one small black stripe there, while all other blue damselflies have two. The lifecycle of this species begins in freshwater, they spend most of their time as larvae. The larval stage depends on the temperature, light, and the resource level. Once the temperatures drop the larvae can go into a state called diapause instead of dying. The damselflies that endure diapause effect the body size for the next season. Since these damselflies are flexible,


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: they have two different lifecycles depending on latitude univoltine or semivoltine. The more north these damselflies are found, the more likely they are to be semivoltine. By being able to shift the lifecycle due to the conditions this allows for twice the amount of development time, so larger adults are typically found in more northern areas. Once the larvae emerge as adults between May to August they have a brief time to feed before they are to find a mate and reproduce the next generation of larvae. . Once emerged, there is an estimated sex ratio of 1:1 within the


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: colony, allows for mating within the colony to be less of a competition. During mating, the male clasps the female by her neck while she bends her body around to his reproductive organs – this is called a mating wheel. The pair flies together over the water and eggs are laid within a suitable plant, just below the surface. The eggs hatch and the larvae, called nymphs, live in the water and feed on small aquatic animals. Nymphs climb out of the water up a suitable stem to molt into damselflies. All "Coenagrionid" larvae have a broad range in diet,


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: so they can live in so many different habitats. The larvae are able to eat relatively large prey items, but the prey are typically less mobile and therefore easier to catch. The males in the colony show a higher mobility level compared to other species. There has also been pairings with "Ischnura elegans" and "Coenagrion puella" which are similar to "Enallagma", although this occurs when there is same species mates are unable to be located. This is to ensure a larval lifecycle to occur each season. This damselfly requires a close look for a beginner to distinguish them from an


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: azure damselfly. Typically, they fly low through the reeds and often fly well out over the water, unlike azure damselflies. They are also a brighter blue. The mitogenome was sequenced for this species. The circular DNA sequence is 16,661 base pairs long. Within the order "Odonata" it is one of the largest mitogenomes to be sequenced thus far. The composition of the sequence is 74.2% adenine and thymine and 25.8% cytosine and guanine. This knowledge assists with the placement within a phylogenetic tree. Pesticides have a large impact on this species due to its sensitivity. These pesticides are introduced to


title: "Enallagma cyathigerum" content: the water by runoff and by being added directly. Being exposed to pesticides made these organisms less likely to be successful in metamorphosis with the effects being worse the longer the organism is exposed. The exposure to the larvae has effects on the adult life stage in regard to their fitness Behaviour is lessened by the introduction of pesticides. Enallagma cyathigerum Enallagma cyathigerum (common blue damselfly, common bluet, or northern bluet) is a species found mainly between latitudes 40°N and 72°N. The species can reach a length of 32 to 35 mm (1.3 to 1.4 in). It is common in


title: "Banded demoiselle" content: Banded demoiselle The banded demoiselle ("Calopteryx splendens") is a species of damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is often found along slow-flowing streams and rivers. It is a Eurasian species occurring from the Atlantic coast eastwards to Lake Baikal and northwestern China. This is a common species throughout much of its range. This is a large damselfly with a total length of up to and a hindwing length of up to . Male and female are variable in color and pattern. The male has translucent wings which each have a broad, dark iridescent blue-black spot (or band) across the


title: "Banded demoiselle" content: outer part. On immature dragonflies the spot is dark brown. The body can be a metallic blue or bluish green or a combination of both colours, depending on the time of year and location. The dark wing patch of the male starts at the nodus (the slight dip midway down the upper edge of the wing) but can reach up to the wing-tip in southern races. In the very similar beautiful demoiselle ("Calopteryx virgo"), the dark patch starts before the nodus. The female has translucent, pale green iridescent wings with a white patch near the tip (a pseudopterostigma), and a


title: "Banded demoiselle" content: metallic green or bronze/green body. Females can lay up to 10 eggs per minute for 45 minutes. They lay in a wide variety of emergent or floating plants, sometimes even submerging to do so. The eggs hatch after 14 days. The larvae have very long legs and are stick-shaped. They develop over two years, usually. They tolerate muddy water and overwinter buried in mud. When they are ready to moult into an adult, they climb up a suitable reed or plant and shed their skin. This species lives in many types of freshwater habitat, particularly open running water bodies such


title: "Banded demoiselle" content: as streams and smaller rivers. Males are usually territorial, but large numbers can sometimes be found in lush bankside plants and on floating objects. They court females by opening their wings and performing an aerial dance. They are usually found in canals and quiet rivers with muddy bottoms located in open country. The banded demoiselle is a Eurasian species, and is present throughout Eurasia from the Atlantic coast to Lake Baikal and north-western China. It occurs in Taganay and Zyuratkul National Parks of Russia. It can be found at Fruška Gora in Serbia. It is found throughout the British Isles,


title: "Banded demoiselle" content: except for the Scottish Highlands. Banded demoiselle The banded demoiselle ("Calopteryx splendens") is a species of damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is often found along slow-flowing streams and rivers. It is a Eurasian species occurring from the Atlantic coast eastwards to Lake Baikal and northwestern China. This is a common species throughout much of its range. This is a large damselfly with a total length of up to and a hindwing length of up to . Male and female are variable in color and pattern. The male has translucent wings which each have a broad, dark iridescent blue-black


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: Beautiful demoiselle The beautiful demoiselle ("Calopteryx virgo") is a European damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is often found along fast-flowing waters where it is most at home. Subspecies include: Females lay up to 300 eggs at a time on emergent or floating plants, often on water-crowfoot. Like the banded demoiselle, they often submerge to do so. The eggs hatch after around 14 days. Again, like the banded demoiselle, the larva is stick-like with long legs and develops over a period of two years in submerged vegetation, plant debris or roots. They usually overwinter in mud or slime. The


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: larvae of the beautiful demoiselle develop over 10 to 12 stages, each of which takes place between a molt. The body length is variable and highly dependent on environmental conditions. The final stage (F-0-stage) larvae are 3.5 to 4.6 millimeters and weigh about 4 milligrams, slightly below the banded demoiselle. Apart from the larvae of the demoiselles are difficult to distinguish from each other, the apparent differences lie mainly in the bristles and the severity of the tracheal gills on their abdomen. Compared to other damselflies demoiselles larvae fall immediately on the other hand, due to their much shorter mean


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: gill lamella. The body of the larvae shows only a relatively small adjustment to the fast-flowing waters of their habitat. The body is not flattened but very slim and turning around, the legs are long and have its end with strong claws, with which it can be stated in the vegetation. Because they reside within the water body, but mainly in the quieter areas, the danger of being swept with the flow, is relatively low. If this happens, they clearly its long body and legs stretched as far as possible to get in touch with the vegetation or the substrate


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: to come. "Calopteryx virgo" can reach a body length of , with a length of hindwings of . These large, dark damselflies have small hemispherical eyes located laterally on the head, two pair of wings similar in shape and a slender abdomen. The basal area of the wings is transparent, otherwise wings are uniformly colored. The wings are also traversed by a dense network of veins. This species presents an evident sexual dimorphism in colour pattern. The male usually has much more extensive pigmentation on the wings than other "Calopteryx" species in its range: in the south east of its


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: range (the Balkans and Turkey) the wings are entirely metallic blue while in other areas, there are clear areas at the base and tip of the wing. Immature males show brown wings, as the metallic blue wing color develops only with age. They have metallic blue-green bodies and blue-green eyes. The female has dark brown iridescent wings, a white patch near the tip of the wings (called a pseudopterostigma) and a metallic green body with a bronze tip of the abdomen. This species is rather similar to The Banded Demoiselle ("Calopteryx splendens"), other British damselfly with coloured wings. The distribution


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: of the beautiful demoiselle covers all of Europe with the exception of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and Iceland. In the north it extends to the Arctic polar sea, and thus much further north than that of the banded demoiselle. On the North African Mediterranean coast, its southern populations in Morocco and Algeria can be found. The northern boundary in Asia following the 13-°C July isotherm, it is therefore not in the areas where the average temperature in summer below 13 °C falls, otherwise they are met with in temperate and cool regions in the entire continent with


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: the exception of deserts and the mountains of. The eastern subspecies of "C. v. japonica" found on the Japanese islands is under debate as to whether it is a separate species. The beautiful demoiselle is mostly found in lowland locations. Regular findings come from areas up to a maximum height of 980 m above sea level. Occasionally they may be found up to 1,200 meters in altitude, such as in the Alps. The blue-winged demoiselle lives mainly near small to medium-sized streams and creeks. They prefer a relatively low water temperature and a moderate to fast flow. The water must


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: not be nutrient rich (eutrophic). In the northern part of their range, such as in Norway and Finland, it is also found near medium-sized rivers or even larger streams. The waters are usually in the immediate vicinity of forests. The larvae live in the streams mentioned before and are mainly dependent on the water plants. The larvae need the stems and leaves, especially in areas with stronger currents to hold on. Hence it is extremely rare to find them in barren locations, flat expiring banks, or areas with a smooth stone floor. They also live in small natural lakes or


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: ponds characteristic for limestones bedrock. They live in quieter areas between alluvial leaves or on exposed roots of the vegetation. They can be found on submerged plants such as waterweed (Elodea sp.), floods for water crowfoot ("Ranunculus fluitans") or other plants, submerged from a few centimetres to several decimetres. Compared with the larvae of the banded demoiselle the larvae of the blue-wing demoiselle prefer quieter areas of the water, since slower flow causes a more effective absorption of oxygen under water. Only in very rare cases the larvae are present in stagnant water. The substrate of the river has only


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: a very minor importance, because the larvae reside mainly in the vegetation. An important factor for the occurrence of blue-wing demoiselles is the oxygen in the water. The larvae is much more sensitive to oxygen deficiency than the larvae of the banded demoiselle, hence it needs a sufficient oxygen saturation of the water. Waters with high levels of sediment and sludge, which is consumed by bacterial decomposition of oxygen are, accordingly not as a habitat for the larvae. This sensitivity qualifies it in water chemistry as a bioindicator for the assessment of water quality. Thus they will be an indication


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: of value in the saprobic assigned of 1.9, which represents a low to moderately polluted waters type (β-mesosaprob) and a water quality class from I to II does. Another key factor for the occurrence of the larvae of the blue-wing demoiselle is the temperature of the water. This species prefers unlike the banded demoiselle, mainly the cooler and shadier areas of the water. The optimal temperature is a summer average 13 to 18 °C. At temperatures above 22 °C were often injuries of larvae observed and also a reduced hatch ability of eggs. The main reason is the oxygen content


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: under higher temperatures. Individual populations may get used to permanently higher temperatures. The habitat that the adults occupy, corresponds to the nearby larval habitat. Unlike the adults of the banded demoiselle you meet those of the beautiful demoiselle but also in forest clearings, but very rarely on the banks of larger ponds. As resting places, the animals need trees and shrubs, often resting on high herbaceous plants such as the large nettle ("Urtica dioica"). The breeding habitats are similar to the Larval habitat, these are cool, shady water-courses largely with a more or less strong current and near-natural vegetation and


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: bank structure. This is mostly meadow and pasture streams in the area, they rarely pass through the forest. A distinct riparian vegetation also plays a role as a windbreak. Due to their broad wings the beautiful demoiselle can be blown away by the wind more easily than other species of dragonflies. Males are territorial, perching in bankside plants and trees, waiting for females or chasing. They chase passing insects, often returning to the same perch. Males can stray well away from water, females live away from water unless egg-laying or seeking a mate. As with the banded demoiselle is also


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: in the blue wing-demoiselle a pronounced territorial behavior of sexually mature males. These days occupy territories that they defend against other males. The defense consists mostly in threatening gestures. For this they spread their wings and put them on display so clearly visible, there is also Drohflügen and in rare cases to air combat between rival males. Optimal areas correspond to the optimal nesting places for the females and are characterized by a normally increased flow and a suitable oviposition substrate in the potential breeding sites from. The size of the spots and their distance apart is the density of


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: the population dependent as well as the occurrences of the water and may be between several meters and a few decimetres. Males who do not occupy spots can keep themselves in the vegetation on the shore and try to mate with fly to females or to fill vacant spots. Especially when only a few males are present, the territorial defense is very aggressive, with a higher number of competing male aggression but decreases significantly. The males sit in their areas mostly in exposed places in the vegetation, which extends over the water, sometimes on vegetation or rocks cushions amid the


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: waters. This seat is waiting at the same time the center of the district they do their gaze primarily on the aquatic center and will show a behavior that is referred to as "wings lapping" and in which the wings beat quickly down and slowly lifted. It is believed that it is mainly used for communication, it also supports the ventilation in the thorax and accordingly probably also plays a role in thermoregulation of the animals Mating takes place in a way that for the genus Calopteryx and is typical of an eye-catching advertising behavior precedes. The females fly over


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: the water, always in search of suitable nesting places and fly it through the territories of males. The males who recognize the females to the reflections of the moving wings, fly towards it, once they have crossed the border area. They use a striking Schwirrflug that only in the courtship will be shown, and demonstrate the underside of its abdomen raised high. The last three segments of it are much brighter and are referred to as a "lantern" that will be presented. The male leads in this way, the female to the nesting sites ("Show flight") and circled it on


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: the water once it has settled out. Then in turn followed by a period of hovering flight and only if the female is sitting there and so his willingness to mate signaled it comes to mating. In return, the male is on the wings of the female and begins copulation, which can last between 40 seconds and 5 minutes, the animals themselves in the "mating wheel" can rely on the vegetation. After mating, the male releases the female again and again shows this is the nesting place, the female abdomen with drooping sit for a few seconds ("post-copulatory rest") and


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: then follows the male. The eggs are laid in the stems of aquatic plants in the water level and below, where the female can submerge up to 90 minutes. It climbs here (unlike almost all other species of dragonflies) upside down on the stem down and stabs the eggs with the egg-laying apparatus ( ovipositor ) almost vertically into the stems. During the nesting above the water surface while the female is the male defended against other males. Both sexes mate several times a day for several weeks until her death. The eggs, in which the embryos develop, are on


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: average about 1.2 millimeters long and have a spindle-shaped structure with approximately 0.2 millimeters wide. At the pointed end are, as with other demoiselles also a hole structure ( Mikropylenapparat ) with four holes to enable penetration of the sperm of the male. In addition, the egg of the banded demoiselle at the front end a funnel-like appendix unknown object, which projects at the inserted egg outwardly from the plant stem. The color of the egg changes from a bright yellow when freshly laid eggs on a yellow-brown to reddish brown when older egg. Within the egg takes place, the


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: embryonic development of the dragonfly. For the first time this has been described for the blue-winged demoiselle 1869, but it represented the first description of the embryonic development of an insect at all. From outside the progression of the development by a slight change in length as well as by changing the shape is recognizable. It bulges on the upper part of the egg slightly, while the lower part deforms concave. The development itself can be divided into three sections: • the early development, when it forms after fertilization of the ovum by dividing the basic shape of body •


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: definitely the development with the final formation of the body shape until they hatch from the egg • the larval development of the hatched larva up to the formation of the winged imago The embryo in the egg can last between 20 days and one month. The larval development of the Blue-winged demoiselle takes into Middle Eastern waters, usually between six and nine weeks, mainly due to the preference of cooler waters, it is usually somewhat longer than that of the banded demoiselle. At the end of larval development, it comes to winter and the development until the following year


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: with the metamorphosis to the imago completed (univoltine development). The cooler water is a breeding, the greater the proportion of larvae that pass through the two winter periods and therefore a development of nearly two years (semivoltine development). Studies have shown that this might modify the relationship between univoltine and semivoltinen larvae within a body of water and clear in the course of the river and increase the water temperature moves toward univoltiner larvae. Like all these predatory dragonfly larvae live. They feed primarily on insect larvae such as those of the black flies, midges, stoneflies and mayflies, as well


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: as amphipods. They are defending their seats against other dragonfly larvae, especially those of its own kind. The larvae are much more sensitive to changes in habitat than the banded demoiselle, especially to temperature fluctuations. Already after a few days deprivation increases mortality rapidly, and after again prevail acceptable oxygen conditions, it is still too long after, birth defects and an increased mortality rate among affected animals. This is mainly because they absorb the oxygen from the water inefficient. Was able to detect in experiments that even larvae of the banded demoiselle, who had been removed completely. The thin-skinned, tracheogenic


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: body attachments for oxygen uptaking from the water, under normal circumstances are still less sensitive to fluctuations in the oxygen supply. The inefficiency of oxygen uptake is balanced by the choice of habitat, since both increased flow and cooler water absorption capacity. The first adults of dragonflies emerge, depending on the weather, at the end of April to the end of September. The main hatching time lies in the days of late May to late June. The emergence, i.e. the transformation of the larvae to adults and the associated leaving the water, is not synchronous and lasts throughout the season


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: until about mid-July. The newly hatched dragonflies spend after leaving the larval shell ( exuvia ) is the first time until full coloration in the vegetation surrounding the water body. This aging period usually lasts about 10 days, after which they return to the waters. The adult animals live only one season, it was a lifetime determined from about 40 to 50 days. Throughout the day there are males in sunlit waters are already in the early morning (in Central Europe between 7.00 and 9.00 o'clock), where they stay forever in the areas that are exposed directly. In the aquatic


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: environment, shaded according to the animals appear later, usually basking in the tops of the surrounding vegetation. Females fly over during the day, the waters in search of suitable nesting sites, the main activity of both sexes such as hunting, advertising, mating and egg laying occurs in the warm midday hours. At night the animals as well as sit in the early morning sun-drenched coves in the vegetation at these sites, they also spend the night. The radius of action and thus the distance between breeding, hunting and rest area is in the males of 20–100 meters and is therefore


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: very small, the females were observed, however walking distances of up to four miles per day. Since the blue wing-demoiselle due to their very narrow ecological requirements (Stenökie) can occur, especially the larvae only in waters that are characterized by a little influenced by man and natural water bodies, it is the largest part of their range is very rare. It is absent in areas corresponding to major cities or industrial centers completely, and even in regions with strongly pronounced agricultural use it is to be found only rarely. According to this situation it is in Germany in the Red


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: Data Book (1998) classified as endangered in some states it is even in danger of extinction. Similarly in Austria, Switzerland and other Central European countries. Among the factors that make a settlement of the water for the larvae of the blue-wing demoiselle impossible to include on the one hand, the channeling and obstruction of the same, go where the lost for the settlement of important aquatic plants. On the other hand, the eutrophication of water by agriculture and by household wastewater causes an important factor in the decline dar. this to increased sludge formation and therefore increased oxygen consumption in


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: the affected waters and to increased algal growth of so-called " slime algae ". It is brown and green algae, the water plant and the substrate is overgrown. The veralgten plants are not accepted by the females as oviposition sites. In addition, the larvae no holding facilities are against the current, and the algae and dirt particles settle to the gill lamellae are important for respiration. The algae is followed by weeds and ultimately a silting of water bodies. But natural waters with low water pollution can be in a state of the animals is not available. He may receive


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: a water surface is not completely from the plants of the marginal vegetation to be overgrown, this is done mainly by fast-growing plants such as Meadowsweet ("Filipendula ulmaria"), the stinging nettle ("Urtica dioica") or Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera ). The tree growth on the waters edge should not report closed canopy, otherwise lack the necessary sunlight. Above all streams in uncultivated pastures, where no regular mowing is taking place, according to the animals are not habitable. This can be countered by regular removal of boundary vegetation, which will also not be complete. Even a partial thinning of trees and


title: "Beautiful demoiselle" content: shrubs should be performed. In intensively used agricultural areas with a regular input of manure as fertilizer is a few meters wide can prevent extensive or unmanaged riparian strips one Einschwemmung and thus act against eutrophication. Beautiful demoiselle The beautiful demoiselle ("Calopteryx virgo") is a European damselfly belonging to the family Calopterygidae. It is often found along fast-flowing waters where it is most at home. Subspecies include: Females lay up to 300 eggs at a time on emergent or floating plants, often on water-crowfoot. Like the banded demoiselle, they often submerge to do so. The eggs hatch after around 14