title: Rodent content: This occurs in species like Belding's ground squirrels and some tree squirrel species. Promiscuity, in which both males and females mate with multiple partners, also occurs in rodents. In species such as the white-footed mouse, females give birth to litters with multiple paternities. Promiscuity leads to increased sperm competition and males tend to have larger testicles. In the Cape ground squirrel, the male's testes can be 20 percent of its head-body length. Several rodent species have flexible mating systems that can vary between monogamy, polygyny and promiscuity. Female rodents play an active role in choosing their mates. Factors that contribute


title: Rodent content: to female preference may include the size, dominance and spatial ability of the male. In the eusocial naked mole rats, a single female monopolizes mating from at least three males. In most rodent species, such as brown rats and house mice, ovulation occurs on a regular cycle while in others, such as voles, it is induced by mating. During copulation, males of some rodent species deposit a mating plug in the female's genital opening, both to prevent sperm leakage and to protect against other males inseminating the female. Females can remove the plug and may do so either immediately or


title: Rodent content: after several hours. Rodents may be born either altricial (blind, hairless and relatively underdeveloped) or precocial (mostly furred, eyes open and fairly developed) depending on the species. The altricial state is typical for squirrels and mice, while the precocial state usually occurs in species like guinea pigs and porcupines. Females with altricial young typically build elaborate nests before they give birth and maintain them until their offspring are weaned. The female gives birth sitting or lying down and the young emerge in the direction she is facing. The newborns first venture out of the nest a few days after they


title: Rodent content: have opened their eyes and initially keep returning regularly. As they get older and more developed, they visit the nest less often and leave permanently when weaned. In precocial species, the mothers invest little in nest building and some do not build nests at all. The female gives birth standing and the young emerge behind her. Mothers of these species maintain contact with their highly mobile young with maternal contact calls. Though relatively independent and weaned within days, precocial young may continue to nurse and be groomed by their mothers. Rodent litter sizes also vary and females with smaller litters


title: Rodent content: spend more time in the nest than those with larger litters. Mother rodents provide both direct parental care, such as nursing, grooming, retrieving and huddling, and indirect parenting, such as food caching, nest building and protection to their offspring. In many social species, young may be cared for by individuals other than their parents, a practice known as alloparenting or cooperative breeding. This is known to occur in black-tailed prairie dogs and Belding's ground squirrels, where mothers have communal nests and nurse unrelated young along with their own. There is some question as to whether these mothers can distinguish which


title: Rodent content: young are theirs. In the Patagonian mara, young are also placed in communal warrens, but mothers do not permit youngsters other than their own to nurse. Infanticide exists in numerous rodent species and may be practiced by adult conspecifics of either sex. Several reasons have been proposed for this behavior, including nutritional stress, resource competition, avoiding misdirecting parental care and, in the case of males, attempting to make the mother sexually receptive. The latter reason is well supported in primates and lions but less so in rodents. Infanticide appears to be widespread in black-tailed prairie dogs, including infanticide from invading


title: Rodent content: males and immigrant females, as well as occasional cannibalism of an individual's own offspring. To protect against infanticide from other adults, female rodents may employ avoidance or direct aggression against potential perpetrators, multiple mating, territoriality or early termination of pregnancy. Feticide can also occur among rodents; in Alpine marmots, dominant females tend to suppress the reproduction of subordinates by being antagonistic towards them while they are pregnant. The resulting stress causes the fetuses to abort. Rodents have advanced cognitive abilities. They can quickly learn to avoid poisoned baits, which makes them difficult pests to deal with. Guinea pigs can learn


title: Rodent content: and remember complex pathways to food. Squirrels and kangaroo rats are able to locate caches of food by spatial memory, rather than just by smell. Because laboratory mice (house mice) and rats (brown rats) are widely used as scientific models to further our understanding of biology, a great deal has come to be known about their cognitive capacities. Brown rats exhibit cognitive bias, where information processing is biased by whether they are in a positive or negative affective state. For example, laboratory rats trained to respond to a specific tone by pressing a lever to receive a reward, and to


title: Rodent content: press another lever in response to a different tone so as to avoid receiving an electric shock, are more likely to respond to an intermediate tone by choosing the reward lever if they have just been tickled (something they enjoy), indicating "a link between the directly measured positive affective state and decision making under uncertainty in an animal model." Laboratory (brown) rats may have the capacity for metacognition—to consider their own learning and then make decisions based on what they know, or do not know, as indicated by choices they make apparently trading off difficulty of tasks and expected rewards,


title: Rodent content: making them the first animals other than primates known to have this capacity, but these findings are disputed, since the rats may have been following simple operant conditioning principles, or a behavioral economic model. Brown rats use social learning in a wide range of situations, but perhaps especially so in acquiring food preferences. Dentition is the key feature by which fossil rodents are recognized and the earliest record of such mammals comes from the Paleocene, shortly after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs some 66 million years ago. These fossils are found in Laurasia, the supercontinent composed of modern-day North


title: Rodent content: America, Europe, and Asia. The divergence of Glires, a clade consisting of rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits, hares and pikas), from other placental mammals occurred within a few million years after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; rodents and lagomorphs then radiated during the Cenozoic. Some molecular clock data suggest modern rodents (members of the order Rodentia) had appeared by the late Cretaceous, although other molecular divergence estimations are in agreement with the fossil record. Rodents are thought to have evolved in Asia, where local multituberculate faunas were severely affected by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event and never fully recovered, unlike their North American and


title: Rodent content: European relatives. In the resulting ecological vacuum, rodents and other Glires were able to evolve and diversify, taking the niches left by extinct multituberculates. The correlation between the spread of rodents and the demise of multituberculates is a controversial topic, not fully resolved. American and European multituberculate assemblages do decline in diversity in correlation with the introduction of rodents in these areas, but the remaining Asian multituberculates co-existed with rodents with no observable replacement taking place, and ultimately both clades co-existed for at least 15 million years. The history of the colonization of the world's continents by rodents is complex.


title: Rodent content: The movements of the large superfamily Muroidea (including hamsters, gerbils, true mice and rats) may have involved up to seven colonizations of Africa, five of North America, four of Southeast Asia, two of South America and up to ten of Eurasia. During the Eocene, rodents began to diversify. Beavers appeared in Eurasia in the late Eocene before spreading to North America in the late Miocene. Late in the Eocene, hystricognaths invaded Africa, most probably having originated in Asia at least 39.5 million years ago. From Africa, fossil evidence shows that some hystricognaths (caviomorphs) , which was an isolated continent at


title: Rodent content: the time, evidently making use of ocean currents to cross the Atlantic on floating debris. Caviomorphs had arrived in South America by 41 million years ago (implying a date at least as early as this for hystricognaths in Africa), and had reached the Greater Antilles by the early Oligocene, suggesting that they must have dispersed rapidly across South America. Nesomyid rodents are thought to have rafted from Africa to Madagascar 20–24 million years ago. All 27 species of native appear to be descendents of a single colonization event. By 20 million years ago, fossils recognizably belonging to the current families


title: Rodent content: such as Muridae had emerged. By the Miocene, when Africa had collided with Asia, African rodents such as the porcupine began to spread into Eurasia. Some fossil species were very large in comparison to modern rodents and included the giant beaver, "Castoroides ohioensis", which grew to a length of and weight of . The largest known rodent was "Josephoartigasia monesi", a pacarana with an estimated body length of 3 m (10 ft). The first rodents arrived in Australia via Indonesia around 5 million years ago. Although marsupials are the most prominent mammals in Australia, many rodents, all belonging to the


title: Rodent content: subfamily Murinae, are among the continent's mammal species. There are about fifty species of 'old endemics', the first wave of rodents to colonize the country in the Miocene and early Pliocene, and eight true rat ("Rattus") species of 'new endemics', arriving in a subsequent wave in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. The earliest fossil rodents in Australia have a maximum age of 4.5 million years, and molecular data is consistent with the colonization of New Guinea from the west during the late Miocene or early Pliocene followed by rapid diversification. A further wave of adaptive radiation occurred after one


title: Rodent content: or more colonizations of Australia some 2 to 3 million years later. Rodents participated in the Great American Interchange that resulted from the joining of the Americas by formation of the Isthmus of Panama, around 3 million years ago in the Piacenzian age. In this exchange, a such as the New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) headed north. However, the main southward invasion of sigmodontines preceded formation of the land bridge by at least several million years, probably occurring via rafting. Sigmodontines diversified explosively once in South America, although some degree of diversification may have already occurred in Central America before the


title: Rodent content: colonization. Their "head start" has relegated other North American rodent groups (sciurids, geomyids, heteromyids and nonsigmodontine cricetids) to a minor presence in the contemporary South American fauna. The use of the order name "Rodentia" is attributed to the English traveler and naturalist Thomas Edward Bowdich (1821). The Modern Latin word "Rodentia" is derived from "rodens", present participle of "rodere" – "to gnaw", "eat away". The hares, rabbits and pikas (order Lagomorpha) have continuously growing incisors, as do rodents, and were at one time included in the order. However, they have an additional pair of incisors in the upper jaw and


title: Rodent content: the two orders have quite separate evolutionary histories. The phylogeny of the rodents places them in the clades Glires, Euarchontoglires and Boreoeutheria. The cladogram below shows the inner and outer relations of Rodentia based on a 2012 attempt by Wu et al. to align the molecular clock with paleontological data: The living rodent families based on the study done by Fabre et al. 2012. The order Rodentia may be divided into suborders, infraorders, superfamilies and families. There is a great deal of parallelism and convergence among rodents caused by the fact that they have tended to evolve to fill largely


title: Rodent content: similar niches. This parallel evolution includes not only the structure of the teeth, but also the infraorbital region of the skull (below the eye socket) and makes classification difficult as similar traits may not be due to common ancestry. Brandt (1855) was the first to propose dividing Rodentia into three suborders, Sciuromorpha, Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha, based on the development of certain muscles in the jaw and this system was widely accepted. Schlosser (1884) performed a comprehensive review of rodent fossils, mainly using the cheek teeth, and found that they fitted into the classical system, but Tullborg (1899) proposed just two


title: Rodent content: sub-orders, Sciurognathi and Hystricognathi. These were based on the degree of inflection of the lower jaw and were to be further subdivided into Sciuromorpha, Myomorpha, Hystricomorpha and Bathyergomorpha. Matthew (1910) created a phylogenetic tree of New World rodents but did not include the more problematic Old World species. Further attempts at classification continued without agreement, with some authors adopting the classical three suborder system and others Tullborg's two suborders. These disagreements remain unresolved, nor have molecular studies fully resolved the situation though they have confirmed the monophyly of the group and that the clade has descended from a common Paleocene


title: Rodent content: ancestor. Carleton and Musser (2005) in "Mammal Species of the World" have provisionally adopted a five suborder system: Sciuromorpha, Castorimorpha, Myomorpha, Anomaluromorpha, and Hystricomorpha. These include 33 families, 481 genera and 2277 species. Order Rodentia (from Latin, "rodere", to gnaw) While rodents are not the most seriously threatened order of mammals, there are 168 species in 126 genera that are said to warrant conservation attention in the face of limited appreciation by the public. Since 76 percent of rodent genera contain only one species, much phylogenetic diversity could be lost with a comparatively small number of extinctions. In the absence


title: Rodent content: of more detailed knowledge of species at risk and accurate taxonomy, conservation must be based mainly on higher taxa (such as families rather than species) and geographical hot spots. Several species of rice rat have become extinct since the 19th century, probably through habitat loss and the introduction of alien species. In Colombia, the brown hairy dwarf porcupine was recorded from only two mountain localities in the 1920s, while the red crested soft-furred spiny rat is known only from its type locality on the Caribbean coast, so these species are considered vulnerable. The IUCN Species Survival Commission writes "We can


title: Rodent content: safely conclude that many South American rodents are seriously threatened, mainly by environmental disturbance and intensive hunting". The "three now cosmopolitan commensal rodent pest species" (the brown rat, the black rat and the house mouse) have been dispersed in association with humans, partly on sailing ships in the Age of Exploration, and with a fourth species in the Pacific, the Polynesian rat ("Rattus exulans"), have severely damaged island biotas around the world. For example, when the black rat reached Lord Howe Island in 1918, over 40 percent of the terrestrial bird species of the island, including the Lord Howe fantail,


title: Rodent content: became extinct within ten years. Similar destruction has been seen on Midway Island (1943) and Big South Cape Island (1962). Conservation projects can with careful planning completely eradicate these pest rodents from islands using an anticoagulant rodenticide such as brodifacoum. This approach has been successful on the island of Lundy in the United Kingdom, where the eradication of an estimated 40,000 brown rats is giving populations of Manx shearwater and Atlantic puffin a chance to recover from near-extinction. Humanity has long used animal skins for clothing, as the leather is durable and the fur provides extra insulation. The native people


title: Rodent content: of North America made much use of beaver pelts, tanning and sewing them together to make robes. Europeans appreciated the quality of these and the North American fur trade developed and became of prime importance to early settlers. In Europe, the soft underfur known as "beaver wool" was found to be ideal for felting and was made into beaver hats and trimming for clothing. Later, the coypu took over as a cheaper source of fur for felting and was farmed extensively in America and Europe; however, fashions changed, new materials became available and this area of the animal fur industry


title: Rodent content: declined. The chinchilla has a soft and silky coat and the demand for its fur was so high that it was nearly wiped out in the wild before farming took over as the main source of pelts. The quills and guardhairs of porcupines are used for traditional decorative clothing. For example, their guardhairs are used in the creation of the Native American "porky roach" headdress. The main quills may be dyed, and then applied in combination with thread to embellish leather accessories such as knife sheaths and leather bags. Lakota women would harvest the quills for quillwork by throwing a


title: Rodent content: blanket over a porcupine and retrieving the quills it left stuck in the blanket. At least 89 species of rodent, mostly Hystricomorpha such as guinea pigs, agoutis and capybaras, are eaten by humans; in 1985, there were at least 42 different societies in which people eat rats. Guinea pigs were first raised for food around 2500 B.C. and by 1500 B.C. had become the main source of meat for the Inca Empire. Dormice were raised by the Romans in special pots called "gliraria", or in large outdoor enclosures, where they were fattened on walnuts, chestnuts, and acorns. The dormice were


title: Rodent content: also caught from the wild in autumn when they were fattest, and either roasted and dipped into honey or baked while stuffed with a mixture of pork, pine nuts, and other flavorings. Researchers found that in Amazonia, where large mammals were scarce, pacas and common agoutis accounted for around 40 percent of the annual game taken by the indigenous people, but in forested areas where larger mammals were abundant, these rodents constituted only about 3 percent of the take. Guinea pigs are used in the cuisine of Cuzco, Peru, in dishes such as "cuy al horno", baked guinea pig. The


title: Rodent content: traditional Andean stove, known as a "qoncha" or a "fogón", is made from mud and clay reinforced with straw and hair from animals such as guinea pigs. In Peru, there are at any time 20 million domestic guinea pigs, which annually produce 64 million edible carcasses. This animal is an excellent food source since the flesh is 19% protein. In the United States, mostly squirrels, but also muskrats, porcupines, and ground hogs are eaten by humans. The Navajo people ate prairie dog baked in mud, while the Paiute ate gophers, squirrels, and rats. Rodents are used widely as model organisms


title: Rodent content: in animal testing. Albino mutant rats were first used for research in 1828 and later became the first animal domesticated for purely scientific purposes. Nowadays, the house mouse is the most commonly used laboratory rodent, and in 1979 it was estimated that fifty million were used annually worldwide. They are favored because of their small size, fertility, short gestation period and ease of handling and because they are susceptible to many of the conditions and infections that afflict humans. They are used in research into genetics, developmental biology, cell biology, oncology and immunology. Guinea pigs were popular laboratory animals until


title: Rodent content: the late 20th century; about 2.5 million guinea pigs were used annually in the United States for research in the 1960s, but that total decreased to about 375,000 by the mid-1990s. In 2007, they constituted about 2% of all laboratory animals. Guinea pigs played a major role in the establishment of germ theory in the late 19th century, through the experiments of Louis Pasteur, Émile Roux, and Robert Koch. They have been launched into orbital space flight several times—first by the USSR on the Sputnik 9 biosatellite of March 9, 1961, with a successful recovery. The naked mole rat is


title: Rodent content: the only known mammal that is poikilothermic; it is used in studies on thermoregulation. It is also unusual in not producing the neurotransmitter substance P, a fact which researchers find useful in studies on pain. Rodents have sensitive olfactory abilities, which have been used by humans to detect odors or chemicals of interest. The Gambian pouched rat is able to detect tuberculosis bacilli with a sensitivity of up to 86.6%, and specificity (detecting the absence of the bacilli) of over 93%; the same species has been trained to detect land mines. Rats have been studied for possible use in hazardous


title: Rodent content: situations such as in disaster zones. They can be trained to respond to commands, which may be given remotely, and even persuaded to venture into brightly lit areas, which rats usually avoid. Rodents including guinea pigs, mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, chinchillas, degus and chipmunks make convenient pets able to live in small spaces, each species with its own qualities. Most are normally kept in cages of suitable sizes and have varied requirements for space and social interaction. If handled from a young age, they are usually docile and do not bite. Guinea pigs have a long lifespan and need a


title: Rodent content: large cage. Rats also need plenty of space and can become very tame, can learn tricks and seem to enjoy human companionship. Mice are short-lived but take up very little space. Hamsters are solitary but tend to be nocturnal. They have interesting behaviors, but unless handled regularly they may be defensive. Gerbils are not usually aggressive, rarely bite and are sociable animals that enjoy the company of humans and their own kind. Some rodent species are serious agricultural pests, eating large quantities of food stored by humans. For example, in 2003, the amount of rice lost to mice and rats


title: Rodent content: in Asia was estimated to be enough to feed 200 million people. Most of the damage worldwide is caused by a relatively small number of species, chiefly rats and mice. In Indonesia and Tanzania, rodents reduce crop yields by around fifteen percent, while in some instances in South America losses have reached ninety percent. Across Africa, rodents including "Mastomys" and "Arvicanthis" damage cereals, groundnuts, vegetables and cacao. In Asia, rats, mice and species such as "Microtus brandti", "Meriones unguiculatus" and "Eospalax baileyi" damage crops of rice, sorghum, tubers, vegetables and nuts. In Europe, as well as rats and mice, species


title: Rodent content: of "Apodemus", "Microtus" and in occasional outbreaks "Arvicola terrestris" cause damage to orchards, vegetables and pasture as well as cereals. In South America, a wider range of rodent species, such as "Holochilus", "Akodon", "Calomys", "Oligoryzomys", "Phyllotis", "Sigmodon" and "Zygodontomys", damage many crops including sugar cane, fruits, vegetables, and tubers. Rodents are also significant vectors of disease. The black rat, with the fleas that it carries, plays a primary role in spreading the bacterium "Yersinia pestis" responsible for bubonic plague, and carries the organisms responsible for typhus, Weil's disease, toxoplasmosis and trichinosis. A number of rodents carry hantaviruses, including the Puumala,


title: Rodent content: Dobrava and Saaremaa viruses, which can infect humans. Rodents also help to transmit diseases including babesiosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Lyme disease, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Powassan virus, rickettsialpox, relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and West Nile virus. Because rodents are a nuisance and endanger public health, human societies often attempt to control them. Traditionally, this involved poisoning and trapping, methods that were not always safe or effective. More recently, integrated pest management attempts to improve control with a combination of surveys to determine the size and distribution of the pest population, the establishment of tolerance limits (levels of


title: Rodent content: pest activity at which to intervene), interventions, and evaluation of effectiveness based on repeated surveys. Interventions may include education, making and applying laws and regulations, modifying the habitat, changing farming practices, and biological control using pathogens or predators, as well as poisoning and trapping. The use of pathogens such as "Salmonella" has the drawback that they can infect man and domestic animals, and rodents often become resistant. The use of predators including ferrets, mongooses and monitor lizards has been found unsatisfactory. Domestic and feral cats are able to control rodents effectively, provided the rodent population is not too large. In


title: Rodent content: the UK, two species in particular, the house mouse and the brown rat, are actively controlled to limit damage in growing crops, loss and contamination of stored crops and structural damage to facilities, as well as to comply with the law. Rodent Rodents (from Latin "rodere", "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents (2,277 species); they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian


title: "Mark Richardson (ice hockey)" content: first season of 10 points in 30 games was impressive for an Elite League rookie, but his second season saw him collect 33 points, including 24 assists in 54 games. Richardson moved to the Nottingham Panthers in 2007, in what was a slightly disappointing season for him, but still managed to collect 20 points in 46 games. In 2008, Richardson signed with the Basingstoke Bison. Shortly after the end of the 2008–09 season, with Basingstoke dropping out of the Elite League, Richardson re-signed for the Cardiff Devils as a defenceman. Richardson also plays internationally for Great Britain. Mark Richardson (ice


title: "Dan Ronan" content: bureau of "CBS Newspath". In May 2008, Ronan joined the American Automobile Association of Texas and New Mexico as the Manager of Corporate Communications and Community Relations. He was frequently interviewed about the dangers of texting and emailing while driving, gasoline prices, automobile safety, drunken driving, highway and road construction, fuel conservation and insurance issues. For eight years Ronan has served a member of the Board of Directors of "Snowball Express," a Dallas-based 501(c)3. Snowball Express "Serves the Children of Our Fallen Military Heroes." Each December, Snowball Express brings nearly 1,800 children and surviving spouses of men and women in


title: "Purchase (horse)" content: Ormandale (born in Menlo Park, California), he was not the runner his father was, but as a sire, he was much the better horse. Sent to Kentucky in 1912 at the death of his California breeder, he entered the second half of his stud career as an immediate success. The dam of Purchase was Cherryola whose racing career was more than respectable, winning 26 races between the years 1909 to 1913. (On April 15, 1923, along with forty other horses, she died in a barn fire at Harry F. Sinclair's Rancocas Stable, New Jersey.) Eventually standing 16 hands 1 inch,


title: "Circus (Britney Spears album)" content: appreciated that Spears appeared to "put some real effort into her "Circus" performances", rather than seeming "flat-sounding" as she felt "Blackout" had. Writing for Digital Spy, Nick Levine opined that Spears "sounds more confident" than she had on "Blackout". While Chris Willman from "Entertainment Weekly" appreciated the overall production of "Circus", he was critical of Spears' recently established pattern of "putting out albums with titles that promise more self-revelation than she's ultimately able to provide." Robert Christgau gave "Circus" a two-star honorable mention, stating that it was "still fun more often than not". Jon Pareles of "The New York Times"


title: "Romania and weapons of mass destruction" content: obtain the technology for a certain element needed in the development of nuclear weapons. In July 1989, the Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Horn accused Romania of posing "military threats" to Hungary, through its nuclear program and a medium-range missiles development program. Horn claimed that high-level Romanian officials announced that Romania is capable of building such weapons, but the Romanian Government denied such claims. Despite this secret program, Ceauşescu's government did organize massive rallies against nuclear proliferation. For instance, at one such rally in December 1981, he addressed a crowd of 300,000 arguing that people in both East and West should


title: "How a Mosquito Operates" content: looks around apprehensively before entering his room. A giant mosquito with a top hat and briefcase flies in after him through a transom. It repeatedly feeds on the sleeping man, who tries in vain to shoo it away. The mosquito eventually drinks itself so full that it explodes. "How a Mosquito Operates" is one of the earliest examples of line-drawn animation. McCay used minimal backgrounds and capitalized on strengths of the film medium, then in its infancy, by focusing on the physical, visual action of the characters. No intertitles interrupt the silent visuals. Rather than merely expanding like a balloon,


title: "Governorship of Sarah Palin" content: of wolves was allowed under the Predator Control Program. Friends of Animals, Defenders of Wildlife, the Alaska Wildlife Alliance, and the Sierra Club sued the Department attempting to overturn the practice. Their concerns were overgrazing of the habitat by large population of moose that were intended for sports hunters, the wolves kept the moose populations in balance with the environment. In 2007, Palin supported the Alaska Department of Fish and Game policy allowing wolf hunting from helicopters as part of a predator control program intended to increase moose populations, which many rural Alaskans subsist on. In March 2007, Palin's office


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: Malacosoma californicum Malacosoma californicum, the western tent caterpillar, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is a tent caterpillar.The Western Tent Caterpillar is found in southern Canada, western United States, and parts of northern Mexico. There are currently six recognized subspecies of "M. californicum". Western tent caterpillars are gregarious and will spend a large portion of their time with other caterpillars in silken tents constructed during their larval stage. Western tent caterpillars are univoltine, going through a single generation per year. Adults emerge in the late summer to copulate and lay eggs. Adult moths will preferentially lay their eggs


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: on the sunny side of their host trees. Eggs will lay in diapause over the winter and hatch the following spring. Population sizes of western tent caterpillar can reach outbreak proportions, where populations reach very high numbers and large scale defoliation occurs. Severe outbreaks can cause defoliation of host trees however, damage to trees is minimal and most trees will grow their leaves back quickly. The mature Western Tent caterpillar pre-pupa is 4-5 centimeters long. The caterpillars are black, grey, or white with an orange stripe running longitudinally across the body. There are blue-white lines on each segment with dispersed


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: setae extruding from the body. Pupae are 2-2.5 centimeters and reddish-brown to black in colour. Pupae spin a white silken cocoon, powdered in white and yellow. Adults have wingspan between 3.5-5 centimeters. Moths are brown, yellow, tan or grey, with two lighter or darker lines crossing the body. Western tent caterpillar larvae are generalist herbivores, feeding on leaves. However, diet preference is heavily dependent on geographical location. The tree in which a female deposits the eggs is where the larvae will choose to feed. The most common host plants that caterpillars feed on are leaves from stonefruit trees. However, larvae


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: will feed on many other types of tree foliage. Adult moths do not eat and live for 1-4 days. Western tent caterpillars are ectothermic, therefore they do not produce their own body heat and are heavily influenced by environmental temperatures. Larvae are thought to thermoregulate by basking in the sun and staying in close groups to elevate body temperature. Increasing body temperature helps accelerate development time of caterpillars. Early instar caterpillars are gregarious and remain as a family in silken tents. Aggregations of caterpillars are to discourage predation, increase temperature, and forage for food. During late instars caterpillars get larger


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: and require more food resulting in a solitary behaviour. Caterpillars feed independently, and do not use tents for shelter. Moths will mate in mid-summer. Male-male competition will ensue for females. Females are polyandrous and lay a clutch of eggs sired by multiple males. A single band of eggs is laid around the circumference of the branch. A single egg band can contain hundreds of eggs. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is a virus that affects insects, mainly butterflies and moths. NPV has shown to decrease fitness and cause death. The body of larvae that die from NPV become thin and liquidy.


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: Increased temperatures has shown to increase the prevalence of this virus. NPV can be transferred from parent to offspring or from individuals that come into physical contact. Additionally, caterpillars can contract NPV by coming in contact with silk strands from other larvae. NPV infections does not always kill the caterpillar and survival is much more likely in late instar caterpillar. NPV infected caterpillars have reduced fecundity. Outbreaks are caused when population sizes of larvae reach their highest levels. Population outbreaks of western tent caterpillar occur in cycles every 6-11 years. Severe outbreaks can cause defoliation of host trees however, most


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: trees will grow their leaves back quickly. Outbreaks of western tent caterpillar can cause large scale defoliation of trees. The caterpillars are considered by many to be a problem when they reach outbreak population sizes. However, outbreaks of larvae are considered to be more of a nuisance than a problem and does not negatively affect forest health because trees are able to regrow leaves quickly. Human suppression of western tent caterpillars is most successful when intervening before high population numbers are reached. The exact cause of population outbreaks is not truly understood, but a combination of many factors are believed


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: to play a role in population fluctuations such as weather, predators, and virus. However, NPV is believed to play the largest role in the boom-and-bust of population outbreak cycles. Outbreaks of NPV Epizootic disease play significant roles in controlling population sizes of western tent caterpillars As populations of western tent caterpillar increase the prevalence of the disease increases and causes the subsequent crash of a population. Western tent caterpillars have strong ecological interactions with their host plants. The time of caterpillar egg-hatch is closely timed with host plant bud-burst to ensure that early instar larvae are able to feed on


title: "Malacosoma californicum" content: leaves. However, caterpillars can hatch up to two weeks before or after tree's buds have burst. Due to effects of climate change it is predicted that there will be a phenological asynchrony between host tree and the western tent caterpillar, characterized by advancing larval emergence. This doesn't appear to have significant effects on caterpillar larvae fitness because larvae are resistant to starvation. Malacosoma californicum Malacosoma californicum, the western tent caterpillar, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is a tent caterpillar.The Western Tent Caterpillar is found in southern Canada, western United States, and parts of northern Mexico. There are


title: "I. G. Patel" content: in the Matriculation examination and established a record score that was never beaten. He then came top in his BA at the University of Bombay and went on to King's College, Cambridge, with a scholarship from the Gaekwads of Baroda. His tutor Austin Robinson regarded him as his best tutee over his entire tenure as fellow of King's. Patel returned to India and joined Baroda college as Professor of Economics and as the Principal in 1949. Eduard Bernstein later his mentor, invited him to join the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund in 1950. After five years there, Patel


title: "Ultrasonic thickness gauge" content: accurate measurements. Ultrasonic thickness gauge advantages: Ultrasonic thickness gauge disadvantages: UTM is frequently used to monitor steel thickness in various places of ships and offshore constructions. Surveyors equipped with portable UTM probes reach steel plating in sides, tanks, decks and the superstructure. They can read its thickness by simply touching the steel with the measurement head. Contact is usually assured by first removing visible corrosion scale and then applying petroleum jelly before pressing the probe against metal. It is also used for monitoring pipelines. https://acorncontrols.in/product/ultrasonic-pipe-thickness-gauge/ Ultrasonic thickness gauge An ultrasonic thickness gauge is a measuring instrument for the non-destructive investigation


title: "The Guardian" content: 1972 (known as Bloody Sunday), "The Guardian" said that "Neither side can escape condemnation." Of the protesters, they wrote, "The organizers of the demonstration, Miss Bernadette Devlin among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. They knew that stone throwing and sniping could not be prevented, and that the IRA might use the crowd as a shield." Of the army, they wrote, "there seems little doubt that random shots were fired into the crowd, that aim was taken at individuals who were neither bombers nor weapons carriers and that excessive force was used". Many Irish people believed that the Widgery


title: BBC content: signifying that England had been saved. While the BBC tends to characterise its coverage of the general strike by emphasising the positive impression created by its balanced coverage of the views of government and strikers, Jean Seaton, Professor of Media History and the Official BBC Historian has characterised the episode as the invention of "modern propaganda in its British form". Reith argued that trust gained by 'authentic impartial news' could then be used. Impartial news was not necessarily an end in itself. The BBC did well out of the crisis, which cemented a national audience for its broadcasting, and it


title: "Gijs Kuenen" content: soda lakes. Gijs Kuenen retired in 2005 but remains active in science. In 2004 Gijs Kuenen became a Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion, In 2005 he was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. In 2006 he received the Jim Tiedje Award for his outstanding contribution to microbial ecology at the 11th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology in Vienna and in 2007 he was awarded the Procter & Gamble Award in Applied and Environmental Microbiology. For his contribution to the founding of the education Life Science and Technology (Delft University of Technology and Leiden University) in


title: "Iraq War in Anbar Province" content: significant development of the past 8 months". He mentioned the dramatic improvements in security, stating that enemy attacks had decreased from a high of 1,350 in October 2006 to approximately 200 in August 2007. Ambassador Crocker referred to Anbar Province in his Congressional testimony. He was careful to credit the victory to AQI "overplay[ing] its hand" and to the tribal uprising being directed primarily against the "excesses" of AQI. He also referred to the Government of Iraq recruiting "21,000 Anbaris [in] police roles", a carefully chosen phrase as many of them were tribal militia. The two referred to Anbar Province


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Seven Wonders of the World or the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a list of remarkable constructions of classical antiquity given by various authors in guidebooks or poems popular among ancient Hellenic tourists. Although the list, in its current form, did not stabilise until the Renaissance, the first such lists of seven wonders date from the 1st-2nd century BC. The original list inspired innumerable versions through the ages, often listing seven entries. Of the original Seven Wonders, only one—the Great Pyramid of Giza (also called the Pyramid of Khufu, after the


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: pharaoh who built it), the oldest of the ancient wonders—remains relatively intact. The Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis and the Statue of Zeus were all destroyed. The location and ultimate fate of the Hanging Gardens are unknown, and there is speculation that they may not have existed at all. The Greek conquest of much of the known western world in the 4th century BC gave Hellenistic travellers access to the civilizations of the Egyptians, Persians, and Babylonians. Impressed and captivated by the landmarks and marvels of the various lands, these


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: travellers began to list what they saw to remember them. Instead of "wonders", the ancient Greeks spoke of ""theamata"" (θεάματα), which means "sights", in other words "things to be seen" (Τὰ ἑπτὰ θεάματα τῆς οἰκουμένης [γῆς] ""). Later, the word for "wonder" (""thaumata"" θαύματα, "wonders") was used. Hence, the list was meant to be the Ancient World's counterpart of a travel guidebook. The first reference to a list of seven such monuments was given by Diodorus Siculus. The epigrammist Antipater of Sidon who lived around or before 100 BC, gave a list of seven such monuments, including six of the


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: present list (substituting the walls of Babylon for the lighthouse): Another 2nd century BC observer, who claimed to be the mathematician Philo of Byzantium, wrote a short account entitled "The Seven Sights of the World". However, the incomplete surviving manuscript only covered six of the supposedly seven places, which agreed with Antipater's list. Earlier and later lists by the historian Herodotus (484 BC–ca. 425 BC) and the architect Callimachus of Cyrene (ca. 305–240 BC), housed at the Museum of Alexandria, survived only as references. The Colossus of Rhodes was the last of the seven to be completed, after 280 BC,


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: and the first to be destroyed, by an earthquake in 226/225 BC. Hence, all seven existed at the same time for a period of less than 60 years. The list covered only the sculptural and architectural monuments of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, which then comprised the known world for the Greeks. Hence, extant sites beyond this realm were not considered as part of contemporary accounts. The primary accounts, coming from Hellenistic writers, also heavily influenced the places included in the wonders list. Five of the seven entries are a celebration of Greek accomplishments in the arts and architecture


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: (the exceptions being the Pyramids of Giza and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon). The seven wonders on Antipater's list won praises for their notable features, ranging from superlatives of the highest or largest of their types, to the artistry with which they were executed. Their architectural and artistic features were imitated throughout the Hellenistic world and beyond. The Greek influence in Roman culture, and the revival of Greco-Roman artistic styles during the Renaissance caught the imagination of European artists and travellers. Paintings and sculptures alluding to Antipater's list were made, while adventurers flocked to the actual sites to personally witness


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: the wonders. Legends circulated to further complement the superlatives of the wonders. Of Antipater's wonders, the only one that has survived to the present day is the Great Pyramid of Giza. Its brilliant white stone facing had survived intact until around 1300 AD, when local communities removed most of the stonework for building materials. The existence of the Hanging Gardens has not been proven, although theories abound. Records and archaeology confirm the existence of the other five wonders. The Temple of Artemis and the Statue of Zeus were destroyed by fire, while the Lighthouse of Alexandria, Colossus, and tomb of


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: Mausolus were destroyed by earthquakes. Among the artifacts to have survived are sculptures from the tomb of Mausolus and the Temple of Artemis in the British Museum in London. Still, the listing of seven of the most marvellous architectural and artistic human achievements continued beyond the Ancient Greek times to the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and to the modern age. The Roman poet Martial and the Christian bishop Gregory of Tours had their versions. Reflecting the rise of Christianity and the factor of time, nature and the hand of man overcoming Antipater's seven wonders, Roman and Christian


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: sites began to figure on the list, including the Colosseum, Noah's Ark and Solomon's Temple. In the 6th century, a list of seven wonders was compiled by St. Gregory of Tours: the list included the Temple of Solomon, the Pharos of Alexandria and Noah's Ark. Modern historians, working on the premise that the original Seven Ancient Wonders List was limited in its geographic scope, also had their versions to encompass sites beyond the Hellenistic realm—from the Seven Wonders of the "Ancient World" to the Seven Wonders of the "World". Indeed, the "seven wonders" label has spawned innumerable versions among international


title: "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" content: organizations, publications and individuals based on different themes—works of nature, engineering masterpieces, constructions of the Middle Ages, etc. Its purpose has also changed from just a simple travel guidebook or a compendium of curious places, to lists of sites to defend or to preserve. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Seven Wonders of the World or the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a list of remarkable constructions of classical antiquity given by various authors in guidebooks or poems popular among ancient Hellenic tourists. Although the list, in its current form, did not stabilise until the Renaissance, the


title: Breastfeeding content: the mental health of the nursing mother in the perinatal period have been studied. While cognitive behavior therapy may be the treatment of choice, medications are sometimes used. The use of therapy rather than medication reduces the infant's exposure to medication that may be transmitted through the milk. In coordination with institutional organisms, researchers are also studying the social impact of brestfeeding throughout history. Accordingly, strategies have been developed to foster the increase of the breastfeeding rates in the different countries. Breastfeeding Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's


title: "Bouncing Babies" content: seeing his mother crying, a remorseful Wheezer rushes back to the hospital to retrieve his brother, but the nurse informs him that it is too late. Wheezer returns home alone, and his mother tells him to pray for the baby to return. Wheezer then drops to his knees and begins praying, only for the baby to come out of hiding and knock him on the head. "Bouncing Babies" marks the last "Our Gang" comedy for Jean Darling and Harry Spear. Some sources list also list Joe Cobb as a cast member, but he does not appear onscreen. Bouncing Babies Bouncing


title: "John Wallace Downie" content: Rhodesian delegation to the Imperial Economic Conference at Ottawa in 1932. In 1939 he returned to the work of administrator as Controller of Suppliers. John Wallace Downie died on 22 August 1940 in Salisbury Hospital, Southern Rhodesia. He left considerable estate and in his will endowed the John Downie Bursaries for Prince Edward School and the Girl's High School, Salisbury. He left a widow, Clara Mortimer Carrol (1884-1964) and two children, Clara Isabella Ross Downie (1912-1977) and Robert Gordon Downie (1918-1944). Southern Rhodesian general election, 1928 Extract from the "Guide to the Historical Manuscripts in the National Archives of Rhodesia"


title: "And Winter Came…" content: in the music." Roma compared "Dreams Are More Precious" to a "Christmas lullaby" and revealed its title was derived from the lyric that she wrote for the song. "Last Time by Moonlight" is a romantic song that developed around the idea of two people who once loved each other have now split, and the reflective time on one's life that could happen around Christmas time. Enya and Roma developed "One Toy Soldier" into a children's song about an old toy soldier with a broken drum that has is a family's heirloom, but despite its age, it is still loved. Roma's


title: "County of Gützkow" content: 1219. His wife Dobroslawa, daughter of Bogislaw II, Duke of Pomerania, was styled Countess of Gützkow in a 1226 document approving the transfer of various lands to the nearby Stolpe Abbey. In 1234, Dobroslawa married the German noble Jaczo von Salzwedel, who expanded the old burgh on Gützkow's "Schlossberg" hill with stone buildings. Around 1230, German settlers were invited to the sparsely settled central and northern areas devastated by earlier warfare. The German settlement was part of the pattern of larger migrations and social changes known as "Ostsiedlung" ("eastwards settlement"). Hanshagen was named after Count Johann I of Gützkow. Konrad


title: Weegee content: Kitchen, nobody cares. It's just a barroom brawl. But if society has a fight in a Cadillac on Park Avenue and their names are in the Social Register, this makes news and the papers are interested in that. Weegee is famously credited for answering "f/8 and be there" when asked about his photographic technique. Whether or not he actually said it, the saying has become so widespread in photographic circles as to have become a cliché. Some of Weegee's photos, like the juxtaposition of society "grandes dames" in ermines and tiaras and a glowering street woman at the Metropolitan Opera


title: "Great Recession in Russia" content: however, Putin announced that Mechel had been avoiding taxes, by using foreign subsidiaries to sell its products internationally. His renewed attack caused share prices to tumble once more—this time by almost 33 percent. On 16 September Russia's most liquid stock exchange MICEX and the dollar-denominated RTS were suspended trade for one hour after the worst one-day fall in 10 years as Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin reassured markets there was no "systemic" crisis. Next day, trading was suspended for the second day in succession on Russia's two main stock exchanges (MICEX and RTS) after shares fell dramatically, forcing the Federal Financial


title: "The World Should Revolve Around Me" content: The World Should Revolve Around Me "The World Should Revolve Around Me" is the debut single by US pop/R&B duo Little Jackie. The song became a top 20 hit on the UK Singles Chart, also peaking within the top 40 on the Irish Singles Chart. Upon its release, the song was met with a favorable reception from critics, who praised the song's Motown-esque production; however, some sociologists criticized the song, opining that it glamorized narcissism and demonstrated that the United States' narcissism isn't declining. In the United States, the song appeared on the "Billboard" Pop 100, also appearing as the


title: "Middlesboro High School" content: known around the state as an athletic powerhouse in many sports. Competition includes football, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, golf, soccer, fast pitch softball, tennis, track and volleyball. The MHS girls 2005 softball team won the first ever All "A" State Softball Tournament in Kentucky. The school is also known for repeated appearances by boys and girls in the All "A" Classic State Basketball Tournament. Middlesboro High School won the 1998 Kentucky Class A State Football Championship game. The team defeated Mayfield High School with a score of 27-6. Dustin Wynn, a former kicker for the MHS football team, set the


title: "Goan Catholic literature" content: 1899), "Piedade Saibinichim ani sabar dusrim Gaenam" (Our Lady of Piety Hymns and Several Others,1901), "Primeira Cartilha do Alphabeto Mariano" (First book of Marian Alphabet, 1905), "Monti Saibinichim ani sabar dusrim Gaenam" (Our Lady of Mount's hymns and several others), "Ressurecção do Concani" (Resurrection of Konkani), "Khuxalponnacho ghorabo and Ponchtis Kunvor" (Happy family and thirty five princes), and "Sorgacho Thevo" (Treasure of Heaven). According to R. Kelkar author of "A Bibliography of Konkani literature in Devnargri, Roman and Kannada characters" (1963) lists that there are over 1000 Goan Catholic Konkani works in Roman script. From 1892 to 1897, bilingual Konkani-Portuguese


title: WorldPride content: from the outset. However, due to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Jerusalem's government cancelled the march, saying there were not enough soldiers to protect marchers. A week of events took place as scheduled and included five conferences, a film festival, exhibitions, and literary and political events. The parade was cancelled but the Jerusalem Open House announced that it would hold a parade on November 10 after reaching an agreement with the police and the municipality. The 27th annual conference of InterPride, held in October 2008 in Vancouver, Canada, voted to accept the bid of Pride London to host WorldPride 2012 in


title: "Bayfest (Mobile)" content: Better Than Ezra, Bow Wow, Buckcherry, Eric Church, Kid Rock, Nelly, Puddle of Mudd, Sister Hazel, Three Days Grace, and Wynonna Judd. During its first eleven years, BayFest was voted six times as Mobile's "Best Annual Event" in "Mobile Bay Monthly" magazine, surpassing the city's celebration of Mardi Gras. It has been named as one of the Southeast Tourism Society's "Top 20 Events" several times since 1995. In its later years, the event suffered from declining interest. Tropical Storm Karen adversely affected the festival in 2013. Financial concerns briefly led organizers to reschedule the 2015 event to the Grounds in


title: "Tuman bay II" content: revenge himself by the equally savage act of putting to death the emirs imprisoned in the Citadel, to the number of 57. Sultan Tuman bay II who had still a considerable following now returned to Giza; and Selim I, finding difficulty in the passage of his troops, was obliged to build a bridge of boats across the Nile. Tuman bay II gathered his forces under the Pyramids of Giza, and there, towards the end of March, the two armies met. Though well supported by his General Shadi Baig he was, after two days of fighting, beaten and sought refuge with


title: "Science Picnic" content: Science Picnic The Science Picnic is Europe's largest outdoor science-popularization event organized jointly by Polish Radio and the Copernicus Science Centre. It has been held every year since 1997 in Warsaw's New Town Square and Podzamcze area, between 2010 and 2012 in Marszałek Rydz-Śmigły Park, and since 2013 at the National Stadium. A wide range of research fields are represented at the Picnic, including the hard, natural, and social sciences together with the humanities. Research and teaching institutions from Poland and abroad reveal here behind-the-scenes aspects of their work and present science in ways accessible to visitors of various ages,


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: Hoge Kempen National Park The Hoge Kempen National Park ("Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen") is the first National Park in Flanders, Belgium. It is located in the East of the Province of Limburg, between Genk and the "Meuse River" (Dutch: "Maas") Valley. It includes the elevated ground that defines the watershed between that river and the low ground of the drainage basin of the Demer river that covers most of Belgian Limburg. It was opened om Sunday 29 March 2006. Covering almost 60 square kilometres, it forms part of the Natura 2000 network. The area is mostly heathland and pine forest.


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: It was first established in 1990 within the "Regionaal Landschap Kempen en Massland" as part of a progressive policy to advance nature reserves in Flanders. In May 2011 it was placed on UNESCO's Tentative List for consideration as a World Heritage Site. On 23 March 2012, the nine municipal councils, the Province of Limburg and the Flemish government signed a letter of intent to support the application of the Hoge Kempen National Park for recognition as UNESCO World Heritage. The park is in the province of Limburg, covering territory in the municipalities of As, Dilsen-Stokkem, Genk, Lanaken, Maasmechelen and Zutendaal.


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: As well as extensive woodlands, it includes existing protected natural areas such as the Mechelse Heide, Zipebeek Valley ("de Vallei van de Ziepbeek"), Friend under the Mountain ("het Ven onder de Berg") and the Neerharer Heide. The Hoge Kempen (or "Kempens Plateau") is a large area of scree formed from rocks that were deposited in the Ardennes by the Meuse during the last Ice Age in the south east of Limburg and covered with sand blown by sea winds. Over time a relatively deep valley was eroded by the Grensmaas. The slope of the plateau to the west of the


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: Maas valley is steep and rises 45 metres to form a step of sorts. This step runs 20 kilometres from Opoeteren at Maaseik near Lanaken in the north to Gellik in the south. Over half of this step lies within the park and the height of land above this reaches 102 metres. The area is crossed by several major highways that presented a challenge as to how to maintain eco-diversity across the fragmented parkland. Construction took place of the Kikbeek "eco-velo-duct" over the E314 near Maasmechelen and also near Zutendaal. The "Toeristiche Weg" built 60 years ago on the Mechelse


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: Heide was closed to road traffic as part of the park planning. This paved road will become part of the Limburg cycling network. West of the Kikbeek eco-dcut will be a eco-valley and another eco=duct over the E314. Another element to aid the recovery of the park was the restoration of the source of the Kikbeek at Opgrimbie. This resulted in the upper course of the brook being redesigned with a controllable flow that helped restore the natural water level in the area. Due to years of excavation of white sand evidenced by the many craters, the water level had


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: fallen. Inside the boundaries of the park there are still some enclaves where there are some residences, gravel and sand quarries and industrial zones. The Government of Flanders currently owns 85% of the land in the park. The habitat is mostly coniferous trees and heath land. There are some deciduous trees, dunes, marshes, streams, dry valleys, ponds, gravel pits and former mine spoil heaps. Typical flora and fauna include juniper; gorse; bell heather; sweet gale; club moss; asphodel; dragonfly; silver studded blue butterfly; swallow tail butterfly; Granville fritillary butterfly ; Moor frog; Natterjack toad; Smooth snake; Common lizard; Brook Lamprey;


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: Black woodpecker; Nightjar and Roe deer. The park is open to the general public and each municipality has its own gateway to the park. These are: There is a 200km network of hiking trails within the national park. Some 40 loop-shaped walks were designed with a length between 3 and 14 km. The start of these hiking trails is at one of the 6 entrance gates. The cycle paths in the national park form part of the node of the cycle route network of the Kempen and Maasland Regional Landscape. In addition, within the national park there is a 140


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: km network of mostly unpaved bridleways and paths that connects the rider and heart of the Limburg Kempen. These are organized via a node system similar to the cycle node network. Support from the European Union has meant that there are a number of Rangers on hand to help all visitors. In April 2008, project manager Ignace Schops received the Goldman Environmental Prize (the "Green Nobel Prize") in San Francisco. Schops and his RLKM project group got this prestigious award for the original way they managed to protect a large area of valuable nature in a relatively densely populated area.


title: "Hoge Kempen National Park" content: It recognized the concept of integrating nature, agriculture, economy and tourism. On 7 May 2008 he was honored in the European Parliament, also as an example project where public authorities and private initiatives cooperated successfully. Hoge Kempen National Park The Hoge Kempen National Park ("Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen") is the first National Park in Flanders, Belgium. It is located in the East of the Province of Limburg, between Genk and the "Meuse River" (Dutch: "Maas") Valley. It includes the elevated ground that defines the watershed between that river and the low ground of the drainage basin of the Demer river


title: "Economic effects of the September 11 attacks" content: the leading government bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald, was based in the World Trade Center. The New York Mercantile Exchange was also closed for a week after the attacks. The Federal Reserve issued a statement, saying it was "open and operating. The discount window is available to meet liquidity needs.". The Federal Reserve added $100 billion in liquidity per day, during the three days following the attack, to help avert a financial crisis. Federal Reserve Governor Roger W. Ferguson Jr. has described in detail this and the other actions that the Fed undertook to maintain a stable economy and offset potential


title: "Kuhn slide" content: enables the lifting link (German: "Hängeeisen") to be dispensed with, and the lifting arm to be connected directly to the radius rod. To ensure the required horizontal movement, the back end of the radius rod is designed as a slide (the 'Kuhn slide') which fits into a rotatable crosshead ("Gleitstein") in the lifting arm. The Kuhn valve gear was not as widespread as the classic Walschaerts valve gear as its production costs were higher. One advantage of the Kuhn slide is that it runs equally smoothly in either direction. For that reason it was preferred on tank locomotives which, for


title: "Alice Wong" content: fin soup because she was seen publicly eating the soup at a news conference in October 2012. Many environmentalists condemn the process of "shark finning." Wong refused to play a role in the Canada Summer jobs program over the human rights statement supporting abortion and LGBT rights. Alice Wong Alice Siu-Ping Chan Wong (, born June 30, 1948) is a Canadian politician of the Conservative Party serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the electoral district of Richmond Centre since 2015. She previously served as the MP for Richmond from 2008 to 2015. In 2011 she was appointed by


title: "Folio Corporation" content: on the Web. Making a conversion of that product over to the Web was actually going to be more costly than [initially thought]". Folio 4.2 was released by Open Market in October 1998. At the same time, Open Market released LivePublish to replace the earlier Folio SiteDirector. (A SiteDirector license was priced at $4,995) SiteDirector was developed as a way for companies to publish information previously available only in LAN-based versions of Folio's software. Several companies that use Folio's products internally were adding SiteDirector to sell access to their private repositories on the Web. In mid-1998, Open Market licensed Folio


title: "Battle of Thuận An" content: Tourane Bay with "Bayard" on the evening of 16 August and issued his orders for an attack on the Thuận An forts on 18 August. On 17 August the French rehearsed their plans for the attack. The French naval division left Tourane at 8 a.m. on 18 August, in order of battle with "Bayard" at its head, and anchored off the entrance to the Huế River around 2 p.m. The ships took up positions for the impending attack. "Bayard" took station at the entrance to the river, to be able to fire both upon the southern forts and on the


title: "Mochio Umeda" content: at Omron. In 2005, he joined the Board of Hatena Inc. (Resigned in 2011) In 2010, he joined the Board of Ricoh Company, Ltd. In 2006, he wrote "Web Shinkaron", in which he elucidated the rapid changes then happening in the IT industry, mainly from Silicon Valley. The book became a best-seller, appealing to both experts and laypeople of the industry with clear and well-structured explanations, and he successively went on to write "Web Jidai wo Yuku (2007)" and "Web Jidai Itsutsu no Teiri (2008)". The trilogy sold more than 800,000 copies in total, and his voice and insights regarding


title: Iliad content: are driven back onto the plain. () Zeus awakes and is enraged by Poseidon's intervention. Against the mounting discontent of the Greek-supporting gods, Zeus sends Apollo to aid the Trojans, who once again breach the wall, and the battle reaches the ships. () Patroclus cannot stand to watch any longer and begs Achilles to be allowed to defend the ships. Achilles relents and lends Patroclus his armor, but sends him off with a stern admonition not to pursue the Trojans, lest he take Achilles' glory. Patroclus leads the Myrmidons into battle and arrives as the Trojans set fire to the


title: "Stephen Hawking" content: insisted, this time the focus was entirely on science. Hawking continued his writings for a popular audience, publishing "The Universe in a Nutshell" in 2001, and "A Briefer History of Time", which he wrote in 2005 with Leonard Mlodinow to update his earlier works with the aim of making them accessible to a wider audience, and "God Created the Integers", which appeared in 2006. Along with at CERN and Jim Hartle, from 2006 on Hawking developed a theory of "top-down cosmology", which says that the universe had not one unique initial state but many different ones, and therefore that it


title: "Billy Cleaver" content: For some unknown reason Cleaver was chosen as one of the two full-backs on the tour, this was not his normal position. The other full back, Norton of Ireland, broke his arm early on and Cleaver was forced to play in every match in that position until Lewis Jones arrived as Norton's replacement. Cleaver never played a game on the tour as fly-half, but did play in three of the test matches against New Zealand showing good quality play opposite the All Blacks' Bob Scott. On the return trip the team stopped to play the national team of Ceylon, and


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: Ganden Sumtseling Monastery The Ganden Sumtsenling Monastery, also known as Sungtseling and Guihuasi (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་, Wylie: dga' ldan sum rtsen gling, THL: ganden sumtsenling; Chinese: 松赞林寺, pinyin: "Sōngzànlín Sì"), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery situated from the city of Zhongdian at elevation in Yunnan province, China. Built in 1679, the monastery is the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province and is sometimes referred to as the "Little Potala Palace." Located in the capital of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, it is also the most important monastery in southwest China. It belongs to the Yellow Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism of


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: the Gelukpa order of the Dalai Lama. The Fifth Dalai Lama's Buddhist visionary zeal established the monastery in Zhongdian, in 1679. Its architecture is a fusion of the Tibetan and Han Chinese. It was extensively damaged in the Cultural Revolution and subsequently rebuilt in 1983; at its peak, the monastery contained accommodation for 2,000 monks; it currently accommodates in its rebuilt structures 700 monks in 200 associated houses. Because of the popularity of James Hilton's novel Lost Horizon (1933), which introduced Shangri-La and is said have been written on an inspirational theme of "the Tibetan Buddhist Scriptures, where human beings,


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: animals, and nature lived in harmony under the rule of a Tibetan", the Chinese authorities changed the name of Zhongdian County to Shangri-La County in 2001, as the city claims to be the source of inspiration for Hilton's novel. The earlier names were – the Zhongdian (建塘镇 "Jiàntáng Zhèn") to the Chinese, and Gyalthang () to the Tibetans, of the town which has predominantly Tibetan population. The name of the county's capital town was similarly changed from Jiantang to Shangri-la. The ambiance of the town is distinctly Tibetan with prayer flags fluttering, mountains known by holy names, lamaseries and rocks


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: inscribed in Tibetan language with Buddhist sutras. The monastery, with a group of structures packed together on a rolling farm land, located in the town of Jiantang in the Yunnan province, now renamed as Shangri-la town in the renamed Shangri-la county, is in the heart of the mountain range known as Hengduan Mountain Range; it is part of the Mount Baimang Nature Reserve in Yunnan province but the monastery does not have snow covered backdrop. It is delimited in the north west contiguously by Tibet, to the north by Muli and Ganzi, on the west by the Salween River Lisu


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: Autonomous Prefecture, on its south by the Lijiang; the populace is an amalgam of Tibetans, Hui, Bai, Naxi and Han. The town is located on the famous Southern Silk Road, which originates in Sichuan province in the north, crosses Yunnan province and goes to Vietnam. Well established road links exist from Shangri-la to Lhasa, Litang, Dali and Tibetan Sichuan. It is to the northwest of Lijiang. Shangri-La is also well connected by air with Lhasa and Kunming from its airport known as Shangri-La Diqing Airport, which is to the south of the town in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. However,


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: there are no rail links at present. The monastery is an hour's walk from the Shangri-la town and is a major attraction for tourists and the change of name of the town to Shangri-la and the impressive Monastery complex are stated to have encouraged tourism to this place. The Sumtseling monastery belonging to the Gelukpa order of Buddhism was established by the Fifth Dalai Lama in 1679. It was built during the rule of the Qing dynasty Kangxi Emperor (r.1662-1722). He fully patronized the development of this monastery. It is also said that the emperor was associated in the reincarnation


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: search for the Seventh Dalai Lama. In the 1930s, the monastery had provided full support to the Communist general He Long who passed through this area during his campaign. However, the monastery was partially destroyed in 1959. Since 1981, the situation has changed, the monastery buildings have been mostly restored and normality prevails. The Monastery built in the 17th century as the largest Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province, after a revelation by the Fifth Dalai Lama is in accordance with Tibetan traditional architectural style. It has six main structures including eight colleges. The entrance gate is at the foot of


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: the hill and provides access to the main hall of the monastery through 146 steps. In the main hall of the monastery, more than 1500 monks congregate to recite the Buddhist scriptures. This hall houses a plethora of scriptures written on palm leaves, a gilded statue of Shakyamuni Buddha which is tall at the main altar along with paintings depicting the life of Buddha. The altar has permanent decorated by yak butter lamps. The monastery has two major lamasery buildings – Zhacang and Jikang – apart from several smaller lamaseries. Numerous living rooms have also been built for the monks


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: to reside. The main monastery structure built in Tibetan style has a gilded copper roof similar to the one at the Potala Monastery in Lhasa. The other buildings in the complex are built in Han Chinese style. The road from the old town of the city, leads to the scripture chamber ("Gucheng Zangjingtang"), which was earlier a Red Army Memorial hall to commemorate the Red Army's long march in the 1930s. At the opposite end of this hall, across the street is the Gulshan Park ("Gulshan Gongyuan"), which has a monastery with a commanding view of the town and its


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: surroundings. Further along the road, known as the 'Changzeng Lu' ( long north-south trending street with intersecting roads laid in grid pattern) to the extreme south, is another temple. Passing through this street leads to gardens and a pavilion; and further to the north on a hill, there is a Chorten (Tibetan stupa). The east west road 'Tuanje Jie' leads to many smaller temples at the south end around the old town. The Gedong Festival is held in the precincts of the monastery annually on 29 November when devotees from the region attend to worship and also to witness the


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: religious mask dances – the Cham dance – that are performed by the monks in colourful costumes depicting deities, ghosts and animals. A three-day 'Horse Racing Festival' also known as 'Heavenly Steed Festival' is held at Zandiaong, some time in June (according to the lunar calendar: 5th day of the 5th month), to the south east of the town, which involves dancing, singing and eating, in addition to the racing of horses. Horse traders assemble here in their finest attire of furs and silks. Families of villagers camp in tents at the designated horse racing meadow land at an elevation


title: "Ganden Sumtseling Monastery" content: of . A new festival introduced in 1990s is called the 'Minority Festival' held in September when artists from neighbouring districts and Tibet participate to present their art forms. Ganden Sumtseling Monastery The Ganden Sumtsenling Monastery, also known as Sungtseling and Guihuasi (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་, Wylie: dga' ldan sum rtsen gling, THL: ganden sumtsenling; Chinese: 松赞林寺, pinyin: "Sōngzànlín Sì"), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery situated from the city of Zhongdian at elevation in Yunnan province, China. Built in 1679, the monastery is the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yunnan province and is sometimes referred to as the "Little Potala Palace." Located


title: "Slavskoye, Russia" content: 1945 Potsdam Conference. Its German population was expelled, and the name was changed from Kreuzburg to Slavskoye. Slavskoye, Russia Slavskoye (; ; ) is a settlement in the Bagrationovsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located south of Kaliningrad. In 1240, the Teutonic Knights founded a castle (Creutzburg / Kreuzburg, cross castle) in the region of Natangia at the location of an Old Prussians settlement. In 1315 Kreuzburg received its town privileges. Throughout the Hunger War in 1414, 71 houses were destroyed and five citizens were killed by the Polish troops. Kreuzburg also suffered heavy damages in the Thirteen Years' War of


title: "Ageratina adenophora" content: Ageratina adenophora Ageratina adenophora, commonly known as crofton weed or sticky snakeroot, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family native to Mexico and Central America. Originally grown as an ornamental plant, it has become invasive into farmland and bushland worldwide. It is toxic to horses, who develop respiratory disease after eating it. "Ageratina adenophora" is known by many common names, including eupatory, sticky snakeroot, crofton weed, and Mexican devil. "Eupatorium adenophorum" is a synonym. "Ageratina adenophora" is a perennial herbaceous shrub that may grow to high. It has opposite trowel-shaped serrated leaves that are long by in


title: "Ageratina adenophora" content: width. The small compound flowers occur in late spring and summer, and are found in clusters at the end of branches. Each flowerhead is up to 0.5 cm in the diameter and creamy white. They are followed by a small brown seed with a white feathery 'parachute'. It is native to Mexico, but it is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species and often a noxious weed. It has caused great economic loss in agriculture in southwestern China, and is threatening the native biodiversity there. It was first inadvertently introduced to Yunnan around 1940, and


title: "Ageratina adenophora" content: its rapid spread is due in part to its allelopathic competition with other plant species. It also a weed in Australia, where it was introduced to Sydney in 1904. It has spread along the coastline of New South Wales and southern Queensland. It is rated a "Class 4 Noxious Weed" under the NSW Noxious Weeds Act of 1993. "Ageratina adenophora" has also spread in Hawaii and the mainland United States, where it is recognised as a weed in ten states of the South and Southwest. Elsewhere it is an invasive species in many tropical and subtropical countries, including northeastern India,


title: "Ageratina adenophora" content: China, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, the Canary Islands, and South Africa. The plant can spread vegetatively, that is the stems can sprout roots and grow upon contact with earth. The seed is also carried by the wind or water and colonises disturbed areas, such as fields and areas near human habitation, readily. Seed may also be transported on animals and in soil. Crofton weed is toxic to livestock. Ongoing consumption of crofton weed by horses leads to chronic lung disease, known as Numinbah Horse Sickness or Tallebudgera Horse Disease in northern New South


title: "Ageratina adenophora" content: Wales and Queensland. Outbreaks occurred in Hawaii in the 1920s, and subsequently in eastern Australia and Northland in New Zealand. There are reports of farms losing all their horses to the condition. It is typified by impaired ability to work or exercise and emphysema. Pathological findings include pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and alveolar epithelisation. "Ageratina" is derived from Greek meaning 'un-aging', in reference to the flowers keeping their color for a long time. This name was used by Dioscorides for a number of different plants. Ageratina adenophora Ageratina adenophora, commonly known as crofton weed or sticky snakeroot, is a species of


title: Anteater content: Anteater Anteater is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue") commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with the sloths, they are within the order Pilosa. The name "anteater" is also colloquially applied to the unrelated aardvark, numbat, echidnas, pangolins and some members of the Oecobiidae. Extant species are the giant anteater "Myrmecophaga tridactyla", about long including the tail; the silky anteater "Cyclopes didactylus", about long; the southern tamandua or collared anteater "Tamandua tetradactyla", about long; and the northern


title: Anteater content: tamandua "Tamandua mexicana" of similar dimensions. The anteaters are more closely related to the sloths than they are to any other group of mammals. Their next closest relations are armadillos. There are four extant species in three genera: There are several extinct genera as well. Order Pilosa Anteaters are one of three surviving families of a once diverse group of mammals that occupied South America while it was geographically isolated from an invasion of animals from North America, the other two being the sloths and the armadillos. At one time, anteaters were assumed to be related to aardvarks and pangolins


title: Anteater content: because of their physical similarities to those animals, but these similarities have since been determined to be not a sign of a common ancestor, but of convergent evolution. All have evolved powerful digging forearms, long tongues, and toothless, tube-like snouts to subsist by raiding termite mounds. This similarity is the reason aardvarks are also commonly called "anteaters"; the pangolin has been called the "scaly anteater"; and the word "antbear" is a common term for both the aardvark and the giant anteater. All anteaters have elongated snouts equipped with a thin tongue that can be extended to a length greater than


title: Anteater content: the length of the head; their tube-shaped mouths have lips but no teeth. They use their large, curved foreclaws to tear open ant and termite mounds and for defense, while their dense and long fur protects them from attacks from the insects. All species except the giant anteater have a long prehensile tail. Anteaters are mostly solitary mammals prepared to defend their 1.0- to 1.5-mi (2.6- to 2.9-km) territories. They do not normally enter a territory of another anteater of the same sex, but males often enter the territory of associated females. When a territorial dispute occurs, they vocalize, swat,


title: Anteater content: and can sometimes sit on or even ride the back of their opponents. Anteaters have poor sight but an excellent sense of smell, and most species depend on the latter for foraging, feeding, and defence. Their hearing is thought to be good. With a body temperature fluctuating between , anteaters, like other xenarthrans, have among the lowest body temperatures of any mammal, and can tolerate greater fluctuations in body temperature than most mammals. Its daily energy intake from food is only slightly greater than its energy need for daily activities, and anteaters probably coordinate their body temperatures so they keep


title: Anteater content: cool during periods of rest, and heat up during foraging. Adult males are slightly larger and more muscular than females, and have wider heads and necks. Visual sex determination can, however, be difficult, since the penis and testes are located internally between the rectum and urinary bladder in males and females have a single pair of mammae near the armpits. Fertilization occurs by contact transfer without intromission, similar to some lizards. Polygynous mating usually results in a single offspring; twins are possible but rare. The large foreclaws prevent mothers from grasping their newborns and they therefore have to carry the


title: Anteater content: offspring until they are self-sufficient. Anteaters are specialized to feed on small insects, with each anteater species having its own insect preferences: small species are specialized on arboreal insects living on small branches, while large species can penetrate the hard covering of the nests of terrestrial insects. To avoid the jaws, sting, and other defences of the invertebrates, anteaters have adopted the feeding strategy of licking up large numbers of ants and termites as quickly as possible — an anteater normally spends about a minute at a nest before moving on to another — and a giant anteater has to


title: Anteater content: visit up to 200 nests per hour to consume the thousands of insects it needs to satisfy its caloric requirements. The anteater's tongue is covered with thousands of tiny hooks called filiform papillae which are used to hold the insects together with large amounts of saliva. Swallowing and the movement of the tongue are aided by side-to-side movements of the jaws. The tongue is attached to the sternum and moves very quickly, flicking 150 times per minute. The anteater's stomach, similar to a bird's gizzard, has hardened folds and uses strong contractions to grind the insects; a digestive process assisted


title: Anteater content: by small amounts of ingested sand and dirt. Silky anteaters and northern tamanduas extend their ranges as far north as southeastern Mexico, while giant anteaters can be found as far north as Central America. Southern tamanduas range south to Uruguay (giant anteaters did also until their recent extirpation there) and the ranges of all species except the northern tamandua overlap in eastern Brazil. Anteaters were confined to South America, which was formerly an island continent, during most of the Cenozoic Era. Once the Isthmus of Panama formed about three million years ago, however, anteaters invaded Central America as part of


title: Anteater content: the Great American Interchange. Anteater habitats include dry tropical forests, rainforests, grasslands, and savannas. The silky anteater ("Cyclopes didactylus") is specialized to an arboreal environment, but the more opportunistic tamanduas find their food both on the ground and in trees, typically in dry forests near streams and lakes. The almost entirely terrestrial giant anteater ("Myrmecophaga tridactyla") lives in savannas. The two anteaters of the genus "Tamandua", the southern ("Tamandua tetradactyla") and the northern tamanduas ("Tamandua mexicana"), are much smaller than the giant anteater, and differ essentially from it in their habits, being mainly arboreal. They inhabit the dense primeval forests


title: Anteater content: of South and Central America. The usual colour is yellowish-white, with a broad black lateral band, covering nearly the whole of the side of the body. The silky anteater ("Cyclopes didactylus") is a native of the hottest parts of South and Central America, and about the size of a cat, of a general yellowish color, and exclusively arboreal in its habits. Anteater Anteater is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue") commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with


title: "Bedtime Worries" content: bat (actually a moth) to "the boogeyman." Thus, when a burglar (Harry Bernard) climbs into Spanky's window, the boy's dozing parents fail to believe his story. Passing himself off as Santa Claus, the burglar attempts to steal everything that is not nailed down. The homeless gang stop at Spanky's house to stay. He tells them Santa was visiting and when Stymie sees him, he realizes that this man is a burglar. The gang comes to the rescue and tackle down the burglar and the police arrive and take the burglar away. With Bobby Hutchins, Dickie Moore and Dorothy DeBorba having


title: VAQ-209 content: combat sorties and over 550 combat flight hours with a 98% sortie completion rate and no injuries. In March 2000, the squadron deployed again to Incirlik, with four aircraft to again support Operation Northern Watch. While in Turkey, VAQ-209 aircrew flew 75 combat sorties and over 250 mishap-free flight hours returning to NAF Washington in early May 2000. During 2000, VAQ-209 achieved 23 years and 24,000 hours of mishap-free flying. In early 2001, the squadron deployed to Prince Sultan Air Base, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (PSAB), for Operation Southern Watch (OSW). This was the first deployment of a reserve EA-6B


title: "Farzad Kamangar" content: not allowed to have any contact with a lawyer or my family..."" A part of Kamangar's letter "Be Strong Comrades": ""Is it possible to carry the heavy burden of being a teacher and be responsible for spreading the seeds of knowledge and still be silent? Is it possible to see the lumps in the throats of the students and witness their thin and malnourished faces and keep quiet? Is it possible to be in the year of no justice and fairness and fail to teach the H for Hope and E for Equality, even if such teachings land you in


title: "Vesna Škare-Ožbolt" content: Vesna Škare-Ožbolt Vesna Škare-Ožbolt (born 20 June 1961) is a Croatian politician. She was the 10th Minister of Justice of Croatia from 2003 until 2006. She was the second female holder of that office, as well as the second consecutive woman after Ingrid Antičević-Marinović. Before the first democratic elections in 1990, she worked in Croatian judiciary. In the 1990s she joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and became one of the advisors to President Franjo Tuđman. In the late 1990s she handled negotiations leading to the peaceful integration of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia into Croatia. After the defeat


title: "Ronald Forbes Adam" content: Both appointments were instigated by the new Secretary of State for War, Leslie Hore-Belisha, who attempted to put his stamp on the Army by appointing younger officers to key positions. To replace Field Marshal Sir Cyril Deverell as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), Hore-Belisha considered Adam, Gort and Frederick Pile, all of whom were aged 52 or 53. He decided to appoint Gort, who had a Victoria Cross and the Distinguished Service Order with two bars, and would make a fine public face of the Army. He was concerned, though, about the ability of Gort, a man of


title: Rimtutituki content: Rimtutituki Rimtutituki (; anagram for "Turim ti kitu", trans. "I put my dick in you") was a Serbian rock supergroup featuring Ekatarina Velika, Električni Orgazam and Partibrejkers members. The band was formed as an anti-war project during the Yugoslav Wars. It consisted of Zoran Kostić "Cane" (vocals), Nebojša Antonijević "Anton" (guitar), Borko Petrović (drums), Srđan Gojković "Gile" (guitar, vocals), Goran Čavajda "Čavke" (drums), Zoran Radomirović "Švaba" (bass), Ljubomir Jovanović "Jovec" (guitar) and Milan Mladenović (guitar, vocals). The band was formed at the petition signing against mobilization in Belgrade. On the meeting appeared Ekatarina Velika, Električni Orgazam and Partibrejkers members and


title: "SS Empire Simba" content: to indicate how much damage "West Cohas" sustained, but she escaped the fate of the "Labrador", which was a total loss. "West Cohas" had been repaired and was back in service by November 1926, when "The Wall Street Journal" reported that she was to begin service carrying grain from Galveston, Texas, to London. In 1933, "West Cohas" was sold to the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, which assigned her to its Ripley Steamship Company subsidiary. During the 1930s, Lykes Brothers primarily operated cargo ships between Gulf Coast and Caribbean ports, and, though there is little specific information available regarding "West Cohas"s


title: "Northwich Victoria F.C." content: south of Northwich, to enable them to gain readmission to the Northern Premier League for the following season. The club hoped to secure a groundshare closer to their home town before the season started, and eventually agreed a lease on Flixton's Valley Road. However, the ground at Flixton did not meet ground grading requirements for the Northern Premier League. The club then unsuccessfully appealed the leagues refusal to allow the sub-standard ground at Flixton and followed this up with a second unsuccessful appeal as to their placement in the Southern division of the Northern Premier League. The club were forced


title: "Urshan College" content: a committee to look into this possibility, this committee presented the idea to the Missouri District Board. On July 13, 1966, the district passed a resolution to create such a bible college. The next year the bylaws were chosen and the college was given the name Gateway College of Evangelism. On September 13, 1968, Gateway College officially opened at 3155 Charbonier Road in florissant, Missouri. Three years later, the college purchased the former St. Stanislaus Seminary at 700 Howdershell Road. After four decades, President Darrel Johns led the school through a transition to UPCI ownership. After many months of collaboration


title: "Petrus Schaesberg" content: Petrus Schaesberg Petrus Graf Schaesberg (November 7, 1967 – September 22, 2008) was a German art historian, artist, editor, and teacher. In 2004, Schaesberg earned his Ph.D. (summa cum laude) at Munich's Institute of Art History, Ludwig Maximilian University. He taught at the Institute of Art History at Munich University, however he was never officially employed. At the time of his death, Schaesberg was an adjunct professor in the Art History department at Columbia University. Schaesberg's book, "Das Aufgehobene Bild", discussed collage as a mode of painting — from Pablo Picasso to Richard Prince. On September 22, 2008, Schaesberg was


title: "Petrus Schaesberg" content: found dead in the courtyard of his Morningside Heights, Manhattan apartment. According to the medical examiner's office, Schaesberg committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his 8th floor apartment. Regensburg: Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1999, 232 pages (revised French edition) Paris: Edition ICCARUS / FNAC, 1999, 230 pages With essays by Rainer Crone, Joseph Leo Koerner and Alexandra Gräfin Stosch New York: Prestel Verlag 1998, 160 pages Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1998, 160 pages Lyrical Worlds. The paintings of Nikolaus Hipp. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1998 (German and English edition), 128 pages "Alexandra Paperno. Star


title: "Petrus Schaesberg" content: Maps" NCCA (National Centre for Contemporary Arts), Moscow, 2007, pp. 5–14 "Stanley Kubrick. Inventor of Facts" in: Rainer Crone, Drama & Shadows, London: Phaidon Press, 2005, pp. 242–246. German Edition: Berlin: Phaidon, 2005 French Edition: Paris: Phaidon, 2005 Japanese Edition: Tokyo: Phaidon, 2005 "David Salle. Shattered Worlds. The Principle of Montage." in: David Salle, Moscow: Stella Art Gallery, 2004, pp. 3–13. "Andy Warhol. The Three Golden Rules of an Artist" in: Pop Art. The John and Kimiko Powers Collection,New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2001, pp. 81–94 (with Rainer Crone) and with essays by Germano Celant, Jim Dine, Jeremy Gilbert-Rolfe, Judith Goldman,


title: "Petrus Schaesberg" content: Dave Hickey, Linda Norden, Lane Relyea, Scott Rothkopf and David Shapiro Ed.(with introduction) "Paul Klee und Edward Ruscha. Projekt der Moderne. Sprache und Bild." Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, Edition ICCARUS, 1998, pp. 9–19 "Andy Warhol. Heads (after Picasso)" (English/German, Galerie Ropac, Paris/Salzburg, 1997 "Juan Usle. Ojo Roto" Museu d'Art Contemporani, Barcelona, 1996 with ICCARUS Petrus Schaesberg Petrus Graf Schaesberg (November 7, 1967 – September 22, 2008) was a German art historian, artist, editor, and teacher. In 2004, Schaesberg earned his Ph.D. (summa cum laude) at Munich's Institute of Art History, Ludwig Maximilian University. He taught at the Institute of Art


title: "Cercocarpus betuloides" content: Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides is a shrub or small tree in the rose family. Its common names include mountain mahogany and birch leaf mountain mahogany The common name "mahogany" comes from the hardness and color of the wood, although the genus is not a true mahogany. The plant is native to California, Baja California, Oregon, Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico. It typically grows in summer dry areas of the foothills and mountains of California, often in chaparral communities. "Cercocarpus betuloides" is a shrub or small tree growing from to . Its branches are incised and muscular in appearance from the


title: "Cercocarpus betuloides" content: side. In cross section they appear lobed. Common shrub associates within the chaparral community include toyon. The leaves are distinctive in that they have smooth edges from the base to about half way up, then are wavy or toothed to the rounded tip. "Betula" is the birch genus, and the species name refers to the birch-like leaves. The white flowers are small, clustered, and mildly scented, similar to acacia. The fruit is a tubular achene with the long, plumelike flower style still attached. The genus name comes from the Greek "kerkos" ("tail"), referring to the tail-like appearance of the fruit;


title: "Cercocarpus betuloides" content: and "carpus" ("fruit"), thus, "fruit with tail". There are three varieties: "Cercocarpus betuloides" is sometimes treated as a part of "Cercocarpus montanus", var. "glaber" in particular. The reddish wood of the shrub is very hard and was traditionally used by the indigenous peoples of California to make arrow tips, fishing spears, and digging sticks. "Cercocarpus betuloides" is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty nurseries for planting in native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens; and in designed natural landscaping projects and habitat restoration programs. Cercocarpus betuloides Cercocarpus betuloides is a shrub or small tree in the rose family. Its


title: "Dominic Adiyiah" content: contract. He later changed his mind however and agreed to stay at Nakhon Ratchasima for another season. Adiyiah started to be called up by the Black Satellites in 2008, making his debut on 30 March, in a match against Niger, and also participating in the WAFU U-20 Championship. The following year, he was part of the squad that won the African Youth Championship. His successful 2009 was not over: in October, he took part also in the U-20 World Cup held in Egypt; as the team went on winning the trophy, he was awarded the Golden Shoe for the topscorer