title: "Remains of Taipei Prison Wall" content: Remains of Taipei Prison Wall The Remains of Taipei Prison Wall () are located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan at the end of Aiguo East Road and Jinshan South Road adjacent to the Southern Taipei operations center for Chunghwa Telecom. Approximately 100 meters of wall exist on both sides of the Chunghwa Telecom property. The walls were built during Japanese rule. In response to continuous anti-Japanese uprisings throughout the early period of Japanese rule (1895–1945), the Japanese colonial government built large-scale prisons in Taihoku (modern-day Taipei) and Tainan to hold political prisoners. The remains of the Taihoku prison serve as


title: "Health of Robert E. Howard" content: when his dog Patch was dying. When Novalyne Price was admitted to hospital in 1935, her doctor, a friend of Howard's father, asked her if Howard had ever talked about not wanting to live after his mother died. Regarding Howard's suicide, Gramlich believes it was nothing to do with any long-term mental abnormality; it was a common reaction to the strain he was under at the time. While Howard did talk of suicide during his life, statistics show that one out of three teenagers contemplate suicide and the details of Howard's are normal (white, single, from the south of the


title: "Rataje, Poznań" content: road. <br> Rataje, Poznań Rataje is a large residential area in the eastern part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It contains a number of housing estates, consisting mainly of prefabricated concrete panel blocks, housing a total of approximately 90,000 people (about one sixth of the city's total population). The former village of Rataje was situated close to the right bank of the river Warta, and was incorporated into the city of Poznań in 1925. The area today referred to as Rataje also includes the former villages of Chartowo and Żegrze, brought within the city boundaries during the


title: "Vic Aicken" content: professional career. He guested for West Ham United and Watford, but remained with Brentford until making his final appearances during the 1942–43 season. He then returned to Northern Ireland to sign for Dundalk. Vic Aicken Albert Victor Aicken (29 October 1914 – 1972) was a Northern Irish football right half who played in the Football League for Brentford. Aicken began his career in his native Northern Ireland with Glentoran, before joining English First Division club Brentford in a £1,000 deal in the summer of 1937. He failed to force centre half Joe James from his position and spent much of


title: "Kud Wafter" content: as a logical genius. The head of the girl's dormitory is , the only main character other than Riki and Kudryavka to return from "Little Busters!". While Kanata is good friends with Kudryavka, she is concerned about Kudryavka's relationship with Riki. Kanata succeeded the previous head of the girl's dormitory, a third-year girl referred to as . Since she resigned from being the dormitory head, the dormitory rules have become somewhat more relaxed, but she still aides Kanata because Kanata inherited the position. A-chan is the president of the home economics club, which Kudryavka is a member of, and she


title: "Aetna-class ironclad floating battery" content: the wing shafts was a belt arrangement, which was common practice at the time. It is unclear whether any of the others were also altered to triple-screw. On trials with a single diameter, pitch screw, "Meteor" reached at 139 rpm with the safety valve set at 60 psi, and engine power was recorded as . On her trials fitted as triple screw, "Meteor" reached at 139 rpm. Engine power was recorded as . The two wing screws on this trial were diameter, pitch. The second "Aetna" had two-cylinder diameter stroke horizontal single expansion engines of 200 nhp. Her boilers were


title: "Ryan Mitchell (wrestler)" content: FCW was very brief, however, as the contract dispute between Mitchell and Marti Funk resulted in his contract being cancelled by WWE on July 30, 2008. Mitchell has since been a mainstay on the US northern indy scene. On September 26, 2009, Mitchell wrestled NWA National Heavyweight Champion Phill Shatter at NWA East's 15th Anniversary Show, in a losing effort. However, he would go on to defeat Dash Bennett for the NWA East Three Rivers Championship in McKeesport, Pennsylvania on January 30, 2010. He followed this up three days later at RWA Uprising II with a victory over Sterling James


title: "James Francis Brown" content: James Francis Brown James Francis Brown (born 7 December 1969, in London) is a British composer. He studied composition with the Viennese émigré Hans Heimler (a pupil of Alban Berg) and then at the Royal Academy of Music, London. Francis Brown’s significant chamber works include sonatas for Piano (1994), for Viola (1995), the String Trio (commissioned by the Leopold String Trio, 1996) and a Piano Quartet (2003). Larger concert works include the Fantasy for Violin and Orchestra (premiered by Jack Liebeck and the English Chamber Orchestra at the Barbican Centre in 2001), the Sinfonietta, commissioned by Faber Music and premiered


title: "Yoji Ito" content: of coupling adjacent segments (calling it push-pull), resulting in frequency stability, an extremely important magnetron breakthrough. Shigeru Nakajima, a younger brother of Yoji Ito and a scientist at the Japan Radio Company (JRC), was also investigating magnetrons, primarily for the medical dielectric heating (diathermy) market. An alliance was made between NTRI and JRC for further magnetron development. In early 1939, led by Yoji Ito they built a 10-cm (3-GHz), stable-frequency Mandarin-type magnetron (No. M3) that, with water cooling, could produce 500-W power. The configuration of the M3 magnetron was essentially the same as that used later in the device developed


title: "Ford P100" content: of the front seats backward, utilized a ladder chassis for which the pickup tray was mounted to, which could accept a payload of 1000 kg. The P100 was longer than the corresponding Cortina and Sierra models, and had a higher ride height due to having a multi leaf spring suspension in the rear and larger five-stud wheels all round. The hub design on the Cortina was a SA specific pattern and actually a Rover PCD, hence Rover SD1 alloys and steel wheels fit. The later Sierra front hubs were from the Granada with adapter plates to allow fitment of the


title: "Molly Meldrum" content: and Samantha Chenoweth describe him as "The single most important person in the Australian pop industry for forty years" in their 2006 book, "1001 Australians You Should Know". In 2014, Meldrum was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame, together with his TV show, "Countdown", he became the first non-artist to receive the accolade. Earlier that year he published his autobiography, "The Never, Um... Ever Ending Story: Life, Countdown and Everything in Between". Ian Alexander Meldrum was born in Orbost, Victoria, on 29 January 1943. His father was Robert Meldrum (7 April 19071978), a farmer from Caniambo ( from Shepparton)


title: "Genoa–Pisa railway" content: to Sestri Levante (about 420 km) and from the operations centre of Genova Teglia for the section from Sestri Levante to the node of Genoa. Leaving Genova Brignole station, the railway runs through the eastern part of the city of Genoa, which it leaves at the former Sant'Ilario station. The landscape, characterised by the passage between villas, coast and cliffs, remains almost unchanged along the whole of the Golfo Paradiso as far as Camogli-San Fruttuoso. After crossing the promontory of Portofino, the line follows the Gulf of Tigullio, serving the tourist resorts from Santa Margherita Ligure to Riva Trigoso. This


title: "Rebecca Sjöwall" content: Denied" with Nashville Opera, "We are lucky to have a singer with so clear a vocal affinity to new music as Rebecca Sjöwall. Her voice just takes to it so easily, I forget she’s singing. That's not just because of her several patter passages in Glory Denied, but the natural ease in her vocal precision and her voice' richness give a relatable life to the character. She made me feel for Alyce in a way that the set-up of the narrative discourages." - Tracy Monaghan, Schmopera Rebecca Sjöwall Rebecca Sjöwall is an American opera singer and recording artist. Born in


title: "William Allen Rogers" content: Herald", where he drew cartoons daily for a total of twenty years. He occasionally worked for "Life" too, and submitted cartoons and illustrations for "Puck", "The Century Magazine", and "St. Nicholas Magazine". Rogers retired as a cartoonist in 1926 while working for the "Washington Post". He died in Washington, D.C. in 1931. William Allen Rogers William Allen Rogers (1854–1931) was an American political cartoonist born in Springfield, Ohio. He studied at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and Wittenberg College, but never graduated. Rogers taught himself to draw and began submitting political cartoons to Midwestern newspapers in his teens. At the age


title: "G 57" content: Abuja. In 2011, the group which goes by the name of "G 57 Transparency Group", made headlines during the fuel subsidy crisis in Nigeria. The group had bought newspaper space in which they strongly criticized the Nigerian government. G 57 The G-57 is a pressure group of Nigerian professionals who came into being as a result of the constitutional crisis that engulfed Nigeria in the wake of the flawed elections of 2007 which brought President Umaru Musa Yar'adua to power. Initially it was called G-53. It was soon expanded to include other pro democratic Nigerians and changed its name to


title: "Kurdistan Democratic Party" content: more progressive city of Sulaymaniyah. One veteran Kurdish politician said: "They [Barzani and Talabani] do not trust each other. If you visit one all he can do is talk about the other. They are obsessed with their party rivalry ... they do not work out any common strategy. There is not strategy at all, except to get ahead of the other party." When PUK veteran Fuad Masum was appointed Prime Minister, he resigned in protest of the bipolar situation. Thus the Kurdistan Region was effectively two states within a state, ruled by two different parties, armies, and security forces. According


title: Mobasseri content: Mobasseri Mobasseri is a surname originated from Azerbaijan region of Iran. The oldest known person from Mobasseri family with traceable documentation was "Ahmad", he used to be one of the known large land owners in Azerbaijan in the 19th and 20th century and was given the title of "Mobasser-Almolk" by Mozafferreddin Shah king of Persia (Ghadjar Dynasty) in the 19th century; Almolk literally means property or real estate. Ahmad Mobasseri is believed to be from "Maleki" clan of Azerbaijani merchants. He then chose the last name of "Mobasseri" because of the title that the king of the time had given


title: "Samurai Shodown: The Motion Picture" content: mother in a remote village. While away to slay a wild bear, Amakusa's army—led by Earthquake—attacks his village. One of the residents sold his home out for information regarding Haohmaru. Several people are killed or wounded during the attack, including Haohmaru's mother. Enraged, Haohmaru slays many soldiers and Earthquake, partially invoking his lost memories and powers. After the attack, he runs to his dying mother. She reveals to him that she isn't her birth mother: she found him as an infant with his sword in the mountains. His divine arrival convinced her that he is ordained for a greater destiny


title: "Mike Stuart Span" content: by Emil Shallit. The two tracks "Children of Tomorrow" and "Concerto of Thoughts" were recorded at R.G. Jones studio in Morden. The single was pressed in a quantity of 500 copies and now acknowledged by psychedelic collectors. However, publicity both at home and abroad brought a cameo appearance in the film, "Better A Widow", successful tours of Germany and Belgium, a support appearance with Cream in the UK, jamming with Jimi Hendrix at the Speakeasy (Bennett was so nervous at the prospect of performing with his idol that he dropped his plectrum), and the performance of a 20-minute science fiction


title: "Aspect weaver" content: approximately 1% when this object is not created. Compile-time performance is generally worse in aspect weavers than their traditional compiler counterparts due to the additional work necessary for locating methods which match the specified pointcuts. A study done showed that the AspectJ compiler ajc is about 34% slower than the Sun Microsystems Java 1.3 compiler and about 62% slower than the Java 1.4 compiler. Aspect weaver An aspect weaver is a metaprogramming utility for aspect-oriented languages designed to take instructions specified by aspects (isolated representations of significant concepts in a program) and generate the final implementation code. The weaver integrates


title: Cricket content: Cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each player (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side catching the ball after it is hit


title: Cricket content: by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information. There are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams each batting for two innings of unlimited length. Traditionally cricketers play


title: Cricket content: in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core which is layered with tightly wound string. Historically, cricket's origins are uncertain and the earliest definite reference is in south-east England in the middle of the 16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the second half


title: Cricket content: of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules are held in a code called the "Laws of Cricket" which is owned and maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, southern Africa and the West Indies, its globalisation occurring during the expansion of the British Empire and remaining popular into the 21st century. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has


title: Cricket content: also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing international cricket is Australia, having won seven One Day International trophies, including five World Cups, more than any other country, and having been the top-rated Test side more than any other country. Cricket is one of many games in the "club ball" sphere that basically involve hitting a ball with a hand-held implement; others are baseball, golf, hockey, tennis, squash, and table tennis. In cricket's case, a key difference is the existence of a solid target structure, the wicket (originally, it is thought, a "wicket gate" through which sheep were herded),


title: Cricket content: that the batsman must defend. The cricket historian Harry Altham identified three "groups" of "club ball" games: the "hockey group", in which the ball is driven to and fro between two targets (the goals); the "golf group", in which the ball is driven towards an undefended target (the hole); and the "cricket group", in which "the ball is aimed at a mark (the wicket) and driven away from it". It is generally believed that cricket originated as a children's game in the south-eastern counties of England, sometime during the medieval period. Although there are claims for prior dates, the earliest


title: Cricket content: definite reference to cricket being played comes from evidence given at a court case in Guildford on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian calendar; equating to 30 January 1598 in the Gregorian calendar). The case concerned ownership of a certain plot of land and the court heard the testimony of a 59-year-old coroner, John Derrick, who gave witness that: "Being a scholler in the ffree schoole of Guldeford hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play there at creckett and other plaies". Given Derrick's age, it was about half a century earlier when he was at school and so


title: Cricket content: it is certain that cricket was being played c. 1550 by boys in Surrey. The view that it was originally a children's game is reinforced by Randle Cotgrave's 1611 English-French dictionary in which he defined the noun ""crosse"" as "the crooked staff wherewith boys play at cricket" and the verb form ""crosser"" as "to play at cricket". One possible source for the sport's name is the Old English word ""cryce"" (or ""cricc"") meaning a crutch or staff. In Samuel Johnson's "Dictionary", he derived cricket from ""cryce", Saxon, a stick". In Old French, the word ""criquet"" seems to have meant a


title: Cricket content: kind of club or stick. Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the County of Flanders when the latter belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, the name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch (in use in Flanders at the time) ""krick""("-e"), meaning a stick (crook). Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word ""krickstoel"", meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket. According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, "cricket" derives from the Middle Dutch


title: Cricket content: phrase for hockey, "met de (krik ket)sen" (i.e., "with the stick chase"). Gillmeister has suggested that not only the name but also the sport itself may be of Flemish origin. Although the main object of the game has always been to score the most runs, the early form of cricket differed from the modern game in certain key technical aspects. The ball was bowled underarm by the bowler and all along the ground towards a batsman armed with a bat that, in shape, resembled a hockey stick; the batsman defended a low, two-stump wicket; and runs were called "notches" because


title: Cricket content: the scorers recorded them by notching tally sticks. In 1611, the year Cotgrave's dictionary was published, ecclesiastical court records at Sidlesham in Sussex state that two parishioners, Bartholomew Wyatt and Richard Latter, failed to attend church on Easter Sunday because they were playing cricket. They were fined 12d each and ordered to do penance. This is the earliest mention of adult participation in cricket and it was around the same time that the earliest known organised inter-parish or village match was played – at Chevening, Kent. In 1624, a player called Jasper Vinall died after he was accidentally struck on


title: Cricket content: the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex. Cricket remained a low-key local pursuit for much of the century. It is known, through numerous references found in the records of ecclesiastical court cases, to have been proscribed at times by the Puritans before and during the Commonwealth. The problem was nearly always the issue of Sunday play as the Puritans considered cricket to be "profane" if played on the Sabbath, especially if large crowds and/or gambling were involved. According to the social historian Derek Birley, there was a "great upsurge of sport after the Restoration" in 1660.


title: Cricket content: Gambling on sport became a problem significant enough for Parliament to pass the 1664 Gambling Act, limiting stakes to £100 which was in any case a colossal sum exceeding the annual income of 99% of the population. Along with prizefighting, horse racing and blood sports, cricket was perceived to be a gambling sport. Rich patrons made matches for high stakes, forming teams in which they engaged the first professional players. By the end of the century, cricket had developed into a major sport which was spreading throughout England and was already being taken abroad by English mariners and colonisers –


title: Cricket content: the earliest reference to cricket overseas is dated 1676. A 1697 newspaper report survives of "a great cricket match" played in Sussex "for fifty guineas apiece" – this is the earliest known match that is generally considered top-class. The patrons, and other players from the social class known as the "gentry", began to classify themselves as "amateurs" to establish a clear distinction "vis-à-vis" the professionals, who were invariably members of the working class, even to the point of having separate changing and dining facilities. The gentry, including such high-ranking nobles as the Dukes of Richmond, exerted their honour code of


title: Cricket content: "noblesse oblige" to claim rights of leadership in any sporting contests they took part in, especially as it was necessary for them to play alongside their "social inferiors" if they were to win their bets. In time, a perception took hold that the typical amateur who played in first-class cricket, until 1962 when amateurism was abolished, was someone with a public school education who had then gone to one of Cambridge or Oxford University – society insisted that such people were "officers and gentlemen" whose destiny was to provide leadership. In a purely financial sense, the cricketing amateur would "theoretically"


title: Cricket content: claim expenses for playing while his professional counterpart played under contract and was paid a wage or match fee; in practice, many amateurs claimed somewhat more than actual expenditure and the derisive term "shamateur" was coined to describe the syndrome. The game underwent major development in the 18th century to become England's national sport. Its success was underwritten by the twin necessities of patronage and betting. Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and, in the middle years of the century, large crowds flocked to matches on the Artillery Ground in Finsbury. The single wicket form of the


title: Cricket content: sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match, its popularity peaking in the 1748 season. Bowling underwent an evolution around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick" shape. The Hambledon Club was founded in the 1760s and, for the next twenty years until the formation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Hambledon


title: Cricket content: was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the "Laws of Cricket". New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw). The 19th century saw underarm bowling superseded by first roundarm and then overarm bowling. Both developments were controversial. Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the county clubs, starting with Sussex in 1839. In December 1889, the eight leading county clubs formed the official County Championship, which began in


title: Cricket content: 1890. The most famous player of the 19th century was W. G. Grace, who started his long and influential career in 1865. It was especially during the career of Grace that the distinction between amateurs and professionals became blurred by the existence of players like him who were nominally amateur but, in terms of their financial gain, "de facto" professional. Grace himself was said to have been paid more money for playing cricket than any professional. The last two decades before the First World War have been called the "Golden Age of cricket". It is a nostalgic name prompted by


title: Cricket content: the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organised competition at county and Test level developed. Meanwhile, the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in Australia, the Caribbean, India, New Zealand, North America and South Africa. In 1844, the first-ever international match took place between the United States and Canada. In 1859, a team of English players went to North America on the first overseas tour. In 1862, an


title: Cricket content: English team made the first tour of Australia. The first Australian team to travel overseas consisted of Aboriginal stockmen who toured England in 1868. In 1876–77, an England team took part in what was retrospectively recognised as the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia. The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882 and this has remained Test cricket's most famous contest. Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when South Africa played England. The inter-war years were dominated by Australia's Don Bradman, statistically the greatest Test batsman of all time. Test


title: Cricket content: cricket continued to expand during the 20th century with the addition of the West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1930) and India (1932) before the Second World War and then Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000) in the post-war period. South Africa was banned from international cricket from 1970 to 1992 as part of the apartheid boycott. Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties introduced the limited overs variant. As it was sure to produce a result, limited overs cricket was lucrative and the number of matches increased. The first Limited Overs International was


title: Cricket content: played in 1971 and the governing International Cricket Council (ICC), seeing its potential, staged the first limited overs Cricket World Cup in 1975. In the 21st century, a new limited overs form, Twenty20, made an immediate impact. On 22 June 2017, Afghanistan and Ireland became the 11th and 12th ICC full members, enabling them to play Test cricket. In cricket, the rules of the game are specified in a code called "The Laws of Cricket" (hereinafter called "the Laws") which has a global remit. There are 42 Laws (always written with a capital "L"). The earliest known version of the


title: Cricket content: code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played on a cricket field (see image, right) between two teams of eleven players each. The field is usually circular or oval in shape and the edge of the playing area is marked by a boundary, which may be a fence, part of the stands, a rope, a painted line or a combination of these; the boundary must if possible be marked along its entire length. In the approximate centre of


title: Cricket content: the field is a rectangular pitch (see image, below) on which a wooden target called a wicket is sited at each end; the wickets are placed apart. The pitch is a flat surface wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). Each wicket is made of three wooden stumps topped by two bails. As illustrated above, the pitch is marked at each end with four white painted lines: a bowling crease, a popping crease and two return creases. The three stumps are aligned


title: Cricket content: centrally on the bowling crease, which is eight feet eight inches long. The popping crease is drawn four feet in front of the bowling crease and parallel to it; although it is drawn as a twelve-foot line (six feet either side of the wicket), it is in fact unlimited in length. The return creases are drawn at right angles to the popping crease so that they intersect the ends of the bowling crease; each return crease is drawn as an eight-foot line, so that it extends four feet behind the bowling crease, but is also in fact unlimited in length.


title: Cricket content: Before a match begins, the team captains (who are also players) toss a coin to decide which team will bat first and so take the first innings. Innings is the term used for each phase of play in the match. In each innings, one team bats, attempting to score runs, while the other team bowls and fields the ball, attempting to restrict the scoring and dismiss the batsmen. When the first innings ends, the teams change roles; there can be two to four innings depending upon the type of match. A match with four scheduled innings is played over three


title: Cricket content: to five days; a match with two scheduled innings is usually completed in a single day. During an innings, all eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but only two members of the batting team are on the field at any given time. The order of batsmen is usually announced just before the match, but it can be varied. The main objective of each team is to score more runs than their opponents but, in some forms of cricket, it is also necessary to dismiss all of the opposition batsmen in their final innings in order to win


title: Cricket content: the match, which would otherwise be drawn. If the team batting last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, they are said to have "lost by "n" runs" (where "n" is the difference between the aggregate number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by "n" wickets", where "n" is the number of wickets left to fall. For example, a team that passes its opponents' total having lost six wickets (i.e., six of their batsmen have been dismissed) have won the


title: Cricket content: match "by four wickets". In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total. The team with the greater score is then said to have "won by an innings and "n" runs", and does not need to bat again: "n" is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores. If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side with only 62


title: Cricket content: happening in first-class matches from the earliest known instance in 1741 until January 2017. In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw. If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of overs applies to each innings. Such a match is called a "limited overs" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur. If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted


title: Cricket content: by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score. A one-day match can also be declared a "no-result" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather. In all forms of cricket, the umpires can abandon the match if bad light or rain makes it impossible to continue. There have been instances of entire matches, even Test matches scheduled to be played over five days,


title: Cricket content: being lost to bad weather without a ball being bowled: for example, the third Test of the 1970/71 series in Australia. The essence of the sport is that a bowler delivers (i.e., bowls) the ball from his end of the pitch towards the batsman who, armed with a bat is "on strike" at the other end (see next sub-section: "Basic gameplay"). The bat is made of wood, usually "salix alba" (white willow), and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The blade must not be more than four and one quarter inches (108 mm) wide and


title: Cricket content: the total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (965 mm). There is no standard for the weight which is usually between 2 lb 7 oz and 3 lb (1.1 and 1.4 kg). The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid, with a circumference of . The ball has a "seam": six rows of stitches attaching the leather shell of the ball to the string and cork interior. The seam on a new ball is prominent, and helps the bowler propel it in a less predictable manner. During matches, the quality of the ball deteriorates to a point where


title: Cricket content: it is no longer usable, and during the course of this deterioration its behaviour in flight will change and can influence the outcome of the match. Players will therefore attempt to modify the ball's behaviour by modifying its physical properties. Polishing the ball and wetting it with sweat or saliva is legal, even when the polishing is deliberately done on one side only to increase the ball's swing through the air, but the acts of rubbing other substances into the ball, scratching the surface or picking at the seam is illegal ball tampering. During normal play, thirteen players and two


title: Cricket content: umpires are on the field. Two of the players are batsmen and the rest are all eleven members of the fielding team. The other nine players in the batting team are off the field in the pavilion. The image with overlay below shows what is happening when a ball is being bowled and which of the personnel are on or close to the pitch. The photo was taken during an international match between Australia and Sri Lanka; Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka is bowling to Australian batsman Adam Gilchrist. In the photo, the two batsmen (3 & 8; wearing yellow)


title: Cricket content: have taken position at each end of the pitch (6). Three members of the fielding team (4, 10 & 11; wearing dark blue) are in shot. One of the two umpires (1; wearing white hat) is stationed behind the wicket (2) at the bowler's (4) end of the pitch. The bowler (4) is bowling the ball (5) from his end of the pitch to the batsman (8) at the other end who is called the "striker". The other batsman (3) at the bowling end is called the "non-striker". The wicket-keeper (10), who is a specialist, is positioned behind the striker's


title: Cricket content: wicket (9) and behind him stands one of the fielders in a position called "first slip" (11). While the bowler and the first slip are wearing conventional kit only, the two batsmen and the wicket-keeper are wearing protective gear including safety helmets, padded gloves and leg guards (pads). While the umpire (1) in shot stands at the bowler's end of the pitch, his colleague stands in the outfield, usually in or near the fielding position called "square leg", so that he is in line with the popping crease (7) at the striker's end of the pitch. The bowling crease (not


title: Cricket content: numbered) is the one on which the wicket is located between the return creases (12). The bowler (4) intends to hit the wicket (9) with the ball (5) or, at least, to prevent the striker (8) from scoring runs. The striker (8) intends, by using his bat, to defend his wicket and, if possible, to hit the ball away from the pitch in order to score runs. Some players are skilled in both batting and bowling so are termed all-rounders. Adam Gilchrist, pictured above, was a wicket-keeper/batsman, another type of all-rounder. Bowlers are also classified according to their style, generally


title: Cricket content: as fast bowlers, medium pace seam bowlers or, like Muttiah Muralitharan pictured above, spinners. Batsmen are classified according to whether they are right-handed or left-handed. Of the eleven fielders, three are in shot in the image above. The other eight are elsewhere on the field, their positions determined on a tactical basis by the captain or the bowler. Fielders often change position between deliveries, again as directed by the captain or bowler. If a fielder is injured or becomes ill during a match, a substitute is allowed to field instead of him, but the substitute cannot bowl or act as


title: Cricket content: a captain. The substitute leaves the field when the injured player is fit to return. The Laws of Cricket were updated in 2017 to allow substitutes to act as wicket-keepers, a situation that first occurred when Mumbai Indians' wicket-keeper Ishan Kishan was injured in a match on 18 April 2018. The captain is often the most experienced player in the team, certainly the most tactically astute, and can possess any of the main skillsets as a batsman, a bowler or a wicket-keeper. Within the Laws, the captain has certain responsibilities in terms of nominating his players to the umpires before


title: Cricket content: the match and ensuring that his players conduct themselves "within the spirit and traditions of the game as well as within the Laws". The wicket-keeper (sometimes called simply the "keeper") is a specialist fielder subject to various rules within the Laws about his equipment and demeanour. He is the only member of the fielding side who can effect a stumping and is the only one permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards. Depending on their primary skills, the other ten players in the team tend to be classified as specialist batsmen or specialist bowlers. Generally, a team will include


title: Cricket content: five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers, plus the wicket-keeper. The wicket-keeper and the batsmen wear protective gear because of the hardness of the ball, which can be delivered at speeds of more than and presents a major health and safety concern. Protective clothing includes pads (designed to protect the knees and shins), batting gloves or wicket-keeper's gloves for the hands, a safety helmet for the head and a box inside the trousers (to protect the crotch area). Some batsmen wear additional padding inside their shirts and trousers such as thigh pads, arm pads, rib protectors


title: Cricket content: and shoulder pads. The only fielders allowed to wear protective gear are those in positions very close to the batsman (i.e., if they are alongside or in front of him), but they cannot wear gloves or external leg guards. Subject to certain variations, on-field clothing generally includes a collared shirt with short or long sleeves; long trousers; woollen pullover (if needed); cricket cap (for fielding) or a safety helmet; and spiked shoes or boots to increase traction. The kit is traditionally all white and this remains the case in Test and first-class cricket but, in limited overs cricket, team colours


title: Cricket content: are worn instead. The innings (ending with 's' in both singular and plural form) is the term used for each phase of play during a match. Depending on the type of match being played, each team has either one or two innings. Sometimes all eleven members of the batting side take a turn to bat but, for various reasons, an innings can end before they have all done so. The innings terminates if the batting team is "all out", a term defined by the Laws: "at the fall of a wicket or the retirement of a batsman, further balls remain


title: Cricket content: to be bowled but no further batsman is available to come in". In this situation, one of the batsman has not been dismissed and is termed not out; this is because he has no partners left and there must always be two active batsmen while the innings is in progress. An innings may end early while there are still two not out batsmen: The Laws state that, throughout an innings, "the ball shall be bowled from each end alternately in overs of 6 balls". The name "over" came about because the umpire calls "Over!" when six balls have been bowled.


title: Cricket content: At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not. A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can (and usually does) bowl alternate overs, from the same end, for several overs which are termed a "spell". The batsmen do not change ends at the end of the over, and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and "vice-versa". The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at "square leg" now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and


title: Cricket content: "vice-versa". The game on the field is regulated by the two umpires, one of whom stands behind the wicket at the bowler's end, the other in a position called "square leg" which is about 15–20 metres away from the batsman on strike and in line with the popping crease on which he is taking guard. The umpires have several responsibilities including adjudication on whether a ball has been correctly bowled (i.e., not a no-ball or a wide); when a run is scored; whether a batsman is out (the fielding side must first appeal to the umpire, usually with the phrase


title: Cricket content: "How's that?" or "Owzat?"); when intervals start and end; and the suitability of the pitch, field and weather for playing the game. The umpires are authorised to interrupt or even abandon a match due to circumstances likely to endanger the players, such as a damp pitch or deterioration of the light. Off the field in televised matches, there is usually a third umpire who can make decisions on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence. The third umpire is mandatory under the playing conditions for Test and Limited Overs International matches played between two ICC full member countries. These


title: Cricket content: matches also have a match referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws and the spirit of the game. The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire (see image, right). For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batsman is out (has been dismissed); he raises both arms above his head if the batsman has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws to record all runs scored,


title: Cricket content: wickets taken and overs bowled; in practice, they also note significant amounts of additional data relating to the game. A match's statistics are summarised on a scorecard. Prior to the popularisation of scorecards, most scoring was done by men sitting on vantage points cuttings notches on tally sticks and runs were originally called notches. According to Rowland Bowen, the earliest known scorecard templates were introduced in 1776 by T. Pratt of Sevenoaks and soon came into general use. It is believed that scorecards were printed and sold at Lord's for the first time in 1846. Besides observing the Laws, cricketers


title: Cricket content: must respect the "Spirit of Cricket," which is the "Preamble to the Laws," first published in the 2000 code, and updated in 2017, and now opens with this statement: "Cricket owes much of its appeal and enjoyment to the fact that it should be played not only according to the Laws, but also within the Spirit of Cricket". The Preamble is a short statement that emphasises the "Positive behaviours that make cricket an exciting game that encourages leadership,friendship and teamwork." The major responsibility for ensuring fair play is placed firmly on the captains, but extends to all players, umpires, teachers,


title: Cricket content: coaches and parents involved. The umpires are the sole judges of fair and unfair play. They are required under the Laws to intervene in case of dangerous or unfair play or in cases of unacceptable conduct by a player. Previous versions of the Spirit identified actions that were deemed contrary (for example, appealing knowing that the batsman is not out) but all specifics are now covered in the Laws of Cricket, the relevant governing playing regulations and disciplinary codes, or left to the judgement of the umpires, captains, their clubs and governing bodies. The terse expression of the Spirit of


title: Cricket content: Cricket now avoids the diversity of cultural conventions that exist on the detail of sportsmanship – or its absence. Most bowlers are considered specialists in that they are selected for the team because of their skill as a bowler, although some are all-rounders and even specialist batsmen bowl occasionally. The specialist bowlers are active multiple times during an innings, but may not bowl two overs consecutively. If the captain wants a bowler to "change ends", another bowler must temporarily fill in so that the change is not immediate. A bowler reaches his delivery stride by means of a "run-up" and


title: Cricket content: an over is deemed to have begun when the bowler starts his run-up for the first delivery of that over, the ball then being "in play". Fast bowlers, needing momentum, take a lengthy run up while bowlers with a slow delivery take no more than a couple of steps before bowling. The fastest bowlers can deliver the ball at a speed of over and they sometimes rely on sheer speed to try and defeat the batsman, who is forced to react very quickly. Other fast bowlers rely on a mixture of speed and guile by making the ball seam or


title: Cricket content: swing (i.e. curve) in flight. This type of delivery can deceive a batsman into miscuing his shot, for example, so that the ball just touches the edge of the bat and can then be "caught behind" by the wicket-keeper or a slip fielder. At the other end of the bowling scale is the spin bowler who bowls at a relatively slow pace and relies entirely on guile to deceive the batsman. A spinner will often "buy his wicket" by "tossing one up" (in a slower, steeper parabolic path) to lure the batsman into making a poor shot. The batsman has


title: Cricket content: to be very wary of such deliveries as they are often "flighted" or spun so that the ball will not behave quite as he expects and he could be "trapped" into getting himself out. In between the pacemen and the spinners are the medium paced seamers who rely on persistent accuracy to try and contain the rate of scoring and wear down the batsman's concentration. There are ten ways in which a batsman can be dismissed: five relatively common and five extremely rare. The common forms of dismissal are bowled, caught, leg before wicket (lbw), run out and stumped. Rare


title: Cricket content: methods are hit wicket, hit the ball twice, obstructing the field, handled the ball and timed out. The Laws state that the fielding team, usually the bowler in practice, must appeal for a dismissal before the umpire can give his decision. If the batsman is out, the umpire raises a forefinger and says "Out!"; otherwise, he will shake his head and say "Not out". There is, effectively, an eleventh method of dismissal, retired out, which is not an on-field dismissal as such but rather a retrospective one for which no fielder is credited. Batsmen take turns to bat via a


title: Cricket content: batting order which is decided beforehand by the team captain and presented to the umpires, though the order remains flexible when the captain officially nominates the team. Substitute batsmen are not allowed. A skilled batsman can use a wide array of "shots" or "strokes" in both defensive and attacking mode. The idea is to hit the ball to best effect with the flat surface of the bat's blade. If the ball touches the side of the bat it is called an "edge". The batsman does not have to play a shot and can allow the ball to go through to


title: Cricket content: the wicketkeeper. Equally, he does not have to attempt a run when he hits the ball with his bat. Batsmen do not always seek to hit the ball as hard as possible, and a good player can score runs just by making a deft stroke with a turn of the wrists or by simply "blocking" the ball but directing it away from fielders so that he has time to take a run. A wide variety of shots are played, the batsman's repertoire including strokes named according to the style of swing and the direction aimed: e.g., "cut", "drive", "hook", "pull".


title: Cricket content: The batsman on strike (i.e. the "striker") must prevent the ball hitting the wicket, and try to score runs by hitting the ball with his bat so that he and his partner have time to run from one end of the pitch to the other before the fielding side can return the ball. To register a run, both runners must touch the ground behind the popping crease with either their bats or their bodies (the batsmen carry their bats as they run). Each completed run increments the score of both the team and the striker. The decision to attempt a


title: Cricket content: run is ideally made by the batsman who has the better view of the ball's progress, and this is communicated by calling: usually "yes", "no" or "wait". More than one run can be scored from a single hit: hits worth one to three runs are common, but the size of the field is such that it is usually difficult to run four or more. To compensate for this, hits that reach the boundary of the field are automatically awarded four runs if the ball touches the ground "en route" to the boundary or six runs if the ball clears the


title: Cricket content: boundary without touching the ground within the boundary. In these cases the batsmen do not need to run. Hits for five are unusual and generally rely on the help of "overthrows" by a fielder returning the ball. If an odd number of runs is scored by the striker, the two batsmen have changed ends, and the one who was non-striker is now the striker. Only the striker can score individual runs, but all runs are added to the team's total. Additional runs can be gained by the batting team as extras (called "sundries" in Australia) due to errors made by


title: Cricket content: the fielding side. This is achieved in four ways: no-ball, a penalty of one extra conceded by the bowler if he breaks the rules; wide, a penalty of one extra conceded by the bowler if he bowls so that the ball is out of the batsman's reach; bye, an extra awarded if the batsman misses the ball and it goes past the wicket-keeper and gives the batsmen time to run in the conventional way; leg bye, as for a bye except that the ball has hit the batsman's body, though not his bat. If the bowler has conceded a no-ball


title: Cricket content: or a wide, his team incurs an additional penalty because that ball (i.e., delivery) has to be bowled again and hence the batting side has the opportunity to score more runs from this extra ball. Women's cricket was first recorded in Surrey in 1745. International development began at the start of the 20th century and the first Test Match was played between Australia and England in December 1934. The following year, New Zealand women joined them, and in 2007 Netherlands women became the tenth women's Test nation when they made their debut against South Africa women. In 1958, the International


title: Cricket content: Women's Cricket Council was founded (it merged with the ICC in 2005). In 1973, the first Cricket World Cup of any kind took place when a Women's World Cup was held in England. In 2005, the International Women's Cricket Council was merged with the International Cricket Council (ICC) to form one unified body to help manage and develop cricket. The ICC Women's Rankings were launched on 1 October 2015 covering all three formats of women's cricket. In October 2018 following the ICC's decision to award T20 International status to all members, the Women's rankings were split into separate ODI (for


title: Cricket content: Full Members) and T20I lists. The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has its headquarters in Dubai, is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989. The ICC in 2017 has 105 member nations, twelve of which hold full membership and can play Test cricket. The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the men's and women's versions of the Cricket World Cup.


title: Cricket content: It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, Limited Overs Internationals and Twenty20 Internationals. Each member nation has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches played in its country, selects the national squad, and organises home and away tours for the national team. In the West Indies, which for cricket purposes is a federation of nations, these matters are addressed by Cricket West Indies. The table below lists the ICC full members and their national cricket boards: Cricket is a multi-faceted sport with multiple formats that can effectively be divided into first-class cricket,


title: Cricket content: limited overs cricket and, historically, single wicket cricket. The highest standard is Test cricket (always written with a capital "T") which is in effect the international version of first-class cricket and is restricted to teams representing the twelve countries that are full members of the ICC (see above). Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between Australia and England in the 1876–77 Australian season; since 1882, most Test series between England and Australia have been played for a trophy known as The Ashes. The term "first-class",


title: Cricket content: in general usage, is applied to top-level domestic cricket. Test matches are played over five days and first-class over three to four days; in all of these matches, the teams are allotted two innings each and the draw is a valid result. Limited overs cricket is always scheduled for completion in a single day. There are two types: List A which normally allows fifty overs per team; and Twenty20 in which the teams have twenty overs each. Both of the limited overs forms are played internationally as Limited Overs Internationals (LOI) and Twenty20 Internationals (T20I). List A was introduced in


title: Cricket content: England in the 1963 season as a knockout cup contested by the first-class county clubs. In 1969, a national league competition was established. The concept was gradually introduced to the other leading cricket countries and the first limited overs international was played in 1971. In 1975, the first Cricket World Cup took place in England. Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an evening session. The first Twenty20 World Championship was held in 2007. Limited overs matches cannot be drawn, although a tie is


title: Cricket content: possible and an unfinished match is a "no result". Single wicket was popular in the 18th and 19th centuries and its matches were generally considered top-class. In this form, although each team may have from one to six players, there is only one batsman in at a time and he must face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts. Single wicket has rarely been played since limited overs cricket began. Matches tended to have two innings per team like a full first-class one and they could end in a draw. Most international matches are played as parts of 'tours', when


title: Cricket content: one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. Sometimes a perpetual trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series, the most famous of which is The Ashes. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the Cricket World Cup, ICC T20 World Cup and ICC Champions Trophy. A league competition for Test matches played as part of normal tours, the ICC World Test Championship, has been proposed several times, and is currently planned to begin in


title: Cricket content: 2019. The ICC maintains Test rankings, ODI rankings and T20 rankings systems for the countries which play these forms of cricket. Competitions for member nations of the ICC with Associate status include the ICC Intercontinental Cup, for first-class cricket matches, and the World Cricket League for one-day matches, the final matches of which now also serve as the ICC World Cup Qualifier. First-class cricket in England is played for the most part by the 18 county clubs which contest the County Championship. The concept of a champion county has existed since the 18th century but the official competition was not


title: Cricket content: established until 1890. The most successful club has been Yorkshire, who had won 32 official titles (plus one shared) to 2017. Australia established its national first-class championship in 1892–93 when the Sheffield Shield was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states. New South Wales has the highest number of titles. The other ICC full members have national championship trophies called the Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament (Afghanistan); the National Cricket League (Bangladesh); the Ranji Trophy (India); the Inter-Provincial Championship (Ireland); the Plunket Shield (New Zealand); the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy (Pakistan); the Currie Cup (South Africa); the Premier Trophy


title: Cricket content: (Sri Lanka); the Shell Shield (West Indies); and the Logan Cup (Zimbabwe). The world's earliest known cricket match was a village cricket meeting in Kent which has been deduced from a 1640 court case recording a "cricketing" of "the Weald and the Upland" versus "the Chalk Hill" at Chevening "about thirty years since" (i.e., ). Inter-parish contests became popular in the first half of the 17th century and continued to develop through the 18th with the first local leagues being founded in the second half of the 19th. At the grassroots level, local club cricket is essentially an amateur pastime


title: Cricket content: for those involved but still usually involves teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. Schools cricket, first known in southern England in the 17th century, has a similar scenario and both are widely played in the countries where cricket is popular. Although there can be variations in game format, compared with professional cricket, the Laws are always observed and club/school matches are therefore formal and competitive events. The sport has numerous informal variants such as French cricket. Cricket has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the Commonwealth of Nations and elsewhere. It has, for


title: Cricket content: example, influenced the lexicon of these nations, especially the English language, with various phrases such as "that's not cricket" (that's unfair), "had a good innings" (lived a long life) and "sticky wicket". "On a sticky wicket" ("aka" "sticky dog" or "glue pot") is a metaphor used to describe a difficult circumstance. It originated as a term for difficult batting conditions in cricket, caused by a damp and soft pitch. Cricket is the subject of works by noted English poets, including William Blake and Lord Byron. "Beyond a Boundary" (1963), written by Trinidadian C. L. R. James, is often named the


title: Cricket content: best book on any sport ever written. In the visual arts, notable cricket paintings include Albert Chevallier Tayler's "Kent vs Lancashire at Canterbury" (1907) and Russell Drysdale's "The Cricketers" (1948), which has been called "possibly the most famous Australian painting of the 20th century." French impressionist Camille Pissarro painted cricket on a visit to England in the 1890s. Francis Bacon, an avid cricket fan, captured a batsman in motion. Caribbean artist Wendy Nanan's cricket images are featured in a limited edition first day cover for Royal Mail's "World of Invention" stamp issue, which celebrated the London Cricket Conference 1–3 March


title: Cricket content: 2007, first international workshop of its kind and part of the celebrations leading up to the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Cricket has close historical ties with Australian rules football and many players have competed at top levels in both sports. In 1858, prominent Australian cricketer Tom Wills called for the formation of a "foot-ball club" with "a code of laws" to keep cricketers fit during the off-season. The Melbourne Football Club was founded the following year, and Wills and three other members codified the first laws of the game. It is typically played on modified cricket fields. In England, a


title: Cricket content: number of association football clubs owe their origins to cricketers who sought to play football as a means of keeping fit during the winter months. Derby County was founded as a branch of the Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1884; Aston Villa (1874) and Everton (1876) were both founded by members of church cricket teams. Sheffield United's Bramall Lane ground was, from 1854, the home of the Sheffield Cricket Club, and then of Yorkshire; it was not used for football until 1862 and was shared by Yorkshire and Sheffield United from 1889 to 1973. In the late 19th century, a


title: Cricket content: former cricketer, English-born Henry Chadwick of Brooklyn, New York, was credited with devising the baseball box score (which he adapted from the cricket scorecard) for reporting game events. The first box score appeared in an 1859 issue of the "Clipper". The statistical record is so central to the game's "historical essence" that Chadwick is sometimes referred to as "the Father of Baseball" because he facilitated the popularity of the sport in its early days. Related sports Organisations and competitions Statistics and records News and other resources Cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on


title: "Annie Wells" content: Annie Wells Annie Wells (born March 24, 1954) is an American photographer, winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography. She graduated from University of California, Santa Cruz with a B.A. in 1981, and studied photojournalism at San Francisco State University where she was part of a group that won the RFK public service award. She worked as a photographer for the "Santa Rosa Press Democrat", San Francisco bureau Associated Press, the "Greeley Tribune" in Greeley, Colorado, and the "Herald Journal" in Logan, Utah. She joined the "Los Angeles Times" in 1997. In October 2008, she was laid off


title: "Police and Border Guard Board" content: documentation, to preserve law and civil order within the borders of the Republic of Estonia and to detect and prevent crime. Andrus Ansip's Government Cabinet which was established after the 2005 parlamental elections, stated in its 2007–2011 coalition programme the need for a unified homeland security agency in order to reduce operating costs and upkeep between the ministry and its organizations. On April 13, 2007 the Ministry of the Interior established a working group in order commence research about possible unification of the Estonian Police and Estonian Border Guard agencies. The history of the unified Police and Border Guard Boards


title: "Natural slavery" content: addresses the questions of whether slavery can be natural or whether all slavery is contrary to nature and whether it is better for some people to be slaves. He concludes that those who are as different [from other men] as the soul from the body or man from beast—and they are in this state if their work is the use of the body, and if this is the best that can come from them—are slaves by nature. For them it is better to be ruled in accordance with this sort of rule, if such is the case for the other


title: "Atlantic ghost crab" content: Atlantic ghost crab The Atlantic ghost crab, "Ocypode quadrata", is a species of ghost crab, once described as an "occult, secretive alien from the ancient depths of the sea". It is a common species along the Atlantic coast of the United States, where it is the only species of ghost crab; its range of distribution extends from its northernmost reach on beaches in Westport, Massachusetts, south along the coasts of the tropical Western Atlantic Ocean to the beach of Barra do Chui, in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Adults are greyish or the color of straw, and around


title: "Atlantic ghost crab" content: wide at maturity. They must return to water periodically to moisten their gills, and when larvae must be released into the sea, but are otherwise terrestrial. Their stalked compound eyes can swivel to give them 360° vision. Young crabs are cryptically colored to blend in with their sandy habitats. Atlantic ghost crabs are found from Block Island, Rhode Island, and Nantucket, Massachusetts, northern Virginia beaches, to Santa Catarina, Brazil, on Fernando de Noronha, and Bermuda. Its planktonic larvae have been found even farther north, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, although the adults cannot survive there. Fossil specimens of "O. quadrata" have


title: "Atlantic ghost crab" content: been found in rocks dating from the Pleistocene. The Atlantic ghost crab lives in burrows in sand above the strandline. Older individuals dig their burrows farther from the sea, some starting as much as inland. Burrows can be up to deep, and can be closed off with sand during hot periods. This crab can produce a variety of sounds by striking the ground with the claw, by stridulation with the legs, and an incompletely explained "bubbling sound". Males compete in a heavily ritualised manner which prevents the need for physical contact. "O. quadrata" is more active at night than in


title: "Atlantic ghost crab" content: the day, and is an omnivore, eating clams, insects, plant material, detritus, and even other crabs. Sandy beaches, a habitat frequented by ghost crabs, have had a decrease in the abundance of ghost crabs due to human behavior. Ghost crabs are negatively impacted by human and vehicle trampling, which results in direct crushing of crabs, as well as indirect damage such as compression of sediment which reduces habitat suitability, interference with reproductive behaviors, reduction in food supply, and light pollution. Consequently, it is less common on beaches frequented by people. Atlantic ghost crab The Atlantic ghost crab, "Ocypode quadrata", is


title: "St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao" content: the main entrance of the cathedral. The Marine Band was attached to Naval Forces Western Pacific, headquartered in Qingdao at the time. During the Civil War period (1946–1949), missionaries in Shandong Province experienced growing tensions with the Communists, spurring one of them, Father Augustin Olbert, SVD to write: Father Olbert was appointed Bishop of Qingdao two years later. On June 2, 1949, the People's Liberation Army entered Qingdao and both the city and Shandong Province have since been under Communist control. Bishop Tien fled to Taiwan with the Kuomintang government. Soon after the Communists assumed control, a combination of assertive


title: "Portland Railway, Light and Power Company" content: Portland Railway, Light and Power Company The Portland Railway, Light and Power Company was a railway company and electric power utility in Portland, Oregon, United States, from 1906 until 1924. A series of mergers of various transportation companies in 1905–1906 culminating in the merger of the Portland Railway Company; Oregon Water, Power and Railway Company; and the Portland General Electric Company on June 28, 1906, established the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company (PRL&P). Nearly 200 miles of track and 375 urban and interurban streetcars were thereupon consolidated under a single company. Upon its formation, PRL&P became the only company


title: "Plains Exploration & Production" content: Ridge, off the western coast of the county, in return for the company decommissioning and doing environmental restoration on the old and mostly played-out Lompoc Oil Field, which consists of approximately of ecologically-sensitive habitat adjacent to the Burton Mesa Ecological Preserve. As part of the deal, the company would have drilled into Tranquillon Ridge only from the existing Platform Irene and would have retired the platform entirely in 2022. The project would have given the state of California $2 billion and Santa Barbara County about $350 million in tax revenues during that time. The County Board of Supervisors voted to


title: "Bavarian uprising of 1705–06" content: of the Upper Palatinate and Kelheim on the Danube. A Braunau Parliament meeting was held in December 1705 in the then-Bavarian Braunau. Long before the French Revolution and early German parliamentarianism the meeting was held on 21 December 1705 in an inn belonging to the Baron von Paumgarten; representatives met of the four estates in Bavaria: aristocracy, clergy, burghers and peasants. The Braunau Parliament (Braunauer Parliament) is the name of the congress on the defence of the state of Bavaria held at Braunau am Inn convened on 21 December 1705. Following the initial uprising in November 1705, there was little


title: "Cockle Bay (Queensland)" content: be gained by boat, and a channel through the offshore reefs is provided for access by boats with a larger draft. Most notably, approximately 300 meters (330 yards) offshore in Cockle Bay at is the site of the wreck of , a fire-damaged former passenger steamer and coal storage hulk which was wrecked in the bay in 1915 while under tow from Townsville to Picnic Bay for scuttling as a breakwater. On 24 December 1971, Cyclone Althea struck the area, causing the partial collapse of part of the wreck′s iron hull, but the wreck has become an artificial island hosting


title: "Michael Flynn" content: the U.S. reliance on drones as a "failed strategy", stating that "what we have is this continued investment in conflict. The more weapons we give, the more bombs we drop, that just ... fuels the conflict." On November 10, 2016, President Obama warned President-elect Trump against hiring Flynn. During their meeting in the Oval Office two days after the election, Obama expressed "profound concerns" about hiring Flynn to a sensitive, high-level national security post. On November 18, 2016, Flynn accepted Trump's offer for the position of National Security Advisor. Prior to his appointment, media sources including "The Washington Post" and


title: "U.S. HealthWorks" content: the firm has acquired dozens of occupational health and urgent care centers across the U.S. In 2003, U.S. HealthWorks agreed to pay $900,000 to the California Department of Insurance following a three-year investigation of 25 facilities in California. It was alleged that the firm did not always file a "Doctor's First Report of Injury" as required by California law, which would distort the risk experience used by insurance underwriters to calculate premiums. In the agreement, the firm did not admit liability. U.S. HealthWorks U.S. HealthWorks, Inc. is an American health care provider network with headquarters in Valencia, California. It originally


title: "Rudolf Wissell" content: under arrest for two months and was under police supervision for another two years. Retired, he then lived a withdrawn life in Berlin until 1945. After 1945, Wissell worked on rebuilding the SPD in Berlin. He clearly rejected a unification of the SPD and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). In the last years of his life, he received many different honours: in 1949 he became an honorary citizen of Berlin and in 1954 received the "Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz" (Great Cross of Merit). Wissell died in West Berlin on 13 December 1962. He was buried in a grave of honour of


title: "Stand Against Fear" content: of her the varsity football team, particularly captain Josh Kelly (Munro) and his buddy Nelson Doyle. When Krista's best friend Ruth, boarding a football team bus to pass out bottled water, gets manhandled badly, Krista later finds out that most of the cheerleaders have been undergoing such treatment. She reports the incident to new coach Ron Peters, who lightly talks it over with Josh, but the team captain denies it all. Undeterred, Josh and Nelson continue their campaign of harassment. The pair corner Krista in the girls' locker room and while Nelson held her hands above her, Josh sexually assaulted


title: "Jacque Robinson" content: Jacque Robinson Jacque Robinson (born March 5, 1963) is an American former professional football player. He played as a running back and was drafted by the Buffalo Bills. During his college career at Washington, Robinson amassed 2,300 career yards. He also earned MVP honors in both the 1982 Rose Bowl and 1985 Orange Bowl. Robinson was the first freshman to win Player of the Game honor at the Rose Bowl. Robinson is the father of NBA guard Nate Robinson. Jacque Robinson saw playing time in three NFL games in 1987 with the Philadelphia Eagles. His NFL total is 114 yards


title: Vatadage content: Vatadage A vatadage is a type of Buddhist structure found in Sri Lanka. It also known as a "dage", "thupagara" and a "cetiyagara". Although it may have had some Indian influence, it is a structure that is more or less unique to the architecture of ancient Sri Lanka. Vatadages were built around small stupas for their protection, which often enshrined a relic or were built on hallowed ground. Circular in shape, they were commonly built of stone and brick and adorned with elaborate stone carvings. Vatadages may have also had a wooden roof, supported by a number of stone columns


title: Vatadage content: arranged in several concentric rows. Only ten vatadages now remain in Sri Lanka. The builders of many of these monuments are unknown, as are their time of creation. The oldest such construction is believed to be the one surrounding the Thuparamaya. The best example of a vatadage is generally believed to be the Polonnaruwa Vatadage. Along with it, the vatadages at Medirigiriya and Thiriyaya remain more or less intact. Although popularly known as "vatadage" now, the structure has had several different names. In ancient Sinhalese literature, this type of structure is referred to as "vatadage" or "dage". The 12th and


title: Vatadage content: 13th century chronicles "Pujavaliya" and "Dalada Siritha" use these names when mentioning the Thuparamaya and Polonnaruwa Vatadage. However, Pali texts use the name "thupaghara". The name "cetiyaghara" is also used in some sources. The word "vatadage" literally means circular relic house or shrine. "Dage" simply means "relic house". Similarly, "cetiyaghara" means "cetiya-house" and "thupaghara" "stupa-house". Vatadages were circular in shape. They were constructed around small stupas for their protection, as well as shelter for devotees. The stupa is located at the centre of a raised circular platform, commonly paved with stone. The vatadage in Polonnaruwa has two platforms, one above


title: Vatadage content: the other. This platform contained several concentric rows of stone columns. The columns on the inner row were the highest, while the heights of the columns in the outer rows gradually diminished as they spread further from the center. The number of stone columns and rows have varied from structure to structure, with the vatadage in Lankarama originally having as many as 88 columns. The concentric rows of stone columns were presumably used to support a wooden roof. However, it is disputed if a roof was constructed in some vatadages. If a roof did exist, the part over the stupa


title: Vatadage content: itself may have been domed. However, the positioning of the stone columns suggest that the rest of the roof may have been conical in shape. A brick wall often surrounded this platform, and there is evidence that the inside of this wall had been adorned with paintings. Vatadages often had four entrances, usually oriented to the four cardinal directions. However, not all of them have been built according to this tradition, and vatadages such as the Thuparama have only one entrance. These entrances were elaborately decorated. The steps that lead to the raised platform were adorned with carvings, as were


title: Vatadage content: the korawak galas (stone balustrades). A sandakada pahana (moonstone) was placed at the foot of the steps, flanked by two muragalas (guard stones). Some ancient stupas in India have platforms decorated with carvings at their bases, such as the Amaravati stupa in Andhra Pradesh. Although this type of structure may have influenced the more elaborate vatadage, it is more or less unique to ancient Sri Lankan architecture. The oldest vatadage in Sri Lanka is believed to be the one at the Thuparama temple in Anuradhapura. It was built by Vasabha around an already existing stupa, during his reign from 67


title: Vatadage content: to 111 AD. Although a number of vatadages were built following this, in most cases it is uncertain who constructed them or when. Only ten vatadages now remain in the country. These are located at Thuparama, Lankarama, Mihintale, Polonnaruwa, Medirigiriya, Attanagalla, Rajangana, Menikdena, Devundara, and Tiriyaya. Of these, the vatadages at Polonnaruwa, Medirigiriya, and Tiriyaya are relatively well preserved, and provide a good indication as to the original appearance of this type of constructions. The vatadages at Mihintale and Attanagalla may have been constructed by Gothabhaya, who ruled in the 3rd century. The Rajangane Vatadage, which was probably built during


title: Vatadage content: the 7th or 8th century, differs from others in that it has a square platform rather than a circular one. The vatadage at Tiriyaya was built in the 8th century. The Polonnaruwa Vatadage, considered to be the "ultimate development" of vatadage architecture, was built during the 12th century. Vatadages were usually constructed around stupas which were either built on hallowed ground or contained a relic of the Buddha or an object used by him. The Polonnaruwa Vatadage may have had the tooth relic of the Buddha enshrined within it. Similarly, it is believed that a hair relic of the Buddha


title: Vatadage content: is enshrined at Tiriyaya, and his collarbone at Thuparama. The Attanagalla and Mihintale vatadages are both believed to have been built over hallowed ground. Vatadage A vatadage is a type of Buddhist structure found in Sri Lanka. It also known as a "dage", "thupagara" and a "cetiyagara". Although it may have had some Indian influence, it is a structure that is more or less unique to the architecture of ancient Sri Lanka. Vatadages were built around small stupas for their protection, which often enshrined a relic or were built on hallowed ground. Circular in shape, they were commonly built of


title: "Phryganidia californica" content: Phryganidia californica Phryganidia californica, the California oakworm or California oak moth, is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found along the coasts of California and Oregon. The wingspan is about 30 mm. They are tan to gray moths with prominent wing veins. Adults are on wing from March to November. There are two generations per year in northern California. Sometimes there is a third generation in southern California. The larvae feed on the leaves of oak, especially "Quercus agrifolia". Young larvae feed between veins on the lower leaf surface. Although the upper leaf surface is left intact, it


title: "Phryganidia californica" content: dries out and turns brown. Larvae in later instars chew completely through the leaf blade, often leaving only major leaf veins. Small frass pellets drop from the canopy as larvae feed. In outbreak years, individual trees or groups of trees may be almost entirely defoliated, typically by late summer or early fall. The larvae are black with lengthwise yellow stripes. Full-grown larvae are about 30 mm long. Pupation takes place in a white or yellow pupa with black markings. Phryganidia californica Phryganidia californica, the California oakworm or California oak moth, is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found


title: "The Pilot (Two Guys and a Girl)" content: to straighten everything out and comes back cheerful as him and Melissa are deciding to give it another shot. The episode ends with Berg and Sharon saying that Pete should lie to Melissa so that they can go and down "Pop 'n' Shot" at O'Malley's just after they got back together. The episode was given positive reviews and a very high Nielsen rating due to its large number of viewers and audience share. The episode first aired on March 10, 1998 and was watched by 17.94 million viewers, ranking #11 for the week. Preceding the second highest rated episode of


title: "Tibet Sun" content: Tibet Sun Tibet Sun is an English-language news website focusing on Tibet and the Tibetan people, world news, opinions, essays, and photography from other media. It was founded and produced by Lobsang Wangyal in 2008, and is based in Dharamshala, India. Lobsang conceived the idea of Tibet Sun in 1999, but got the domain in 2004 after chasing the parked domain for two years. The site was launched on 8.8.8 – the opening of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Lobsang specialises in Media, Art and Entertainment and hence Tibet Sun is his media production as a photojournalist. Lobsang is


title: "Posterolateral palatal pits" content: Oryzomyini or of Oryzomyini minus "Mindomys". Members of the genus "Nephelomys" usually have complex posterolateral palatal pits, recessed into deep fossae, but "N. caracolus" and "N. nimbosus" have simpler pits. One of the putative subdivisions within Oryzomyini, Clade D, has posterolateral palatal pits recessed into a fossa as one of its synapomorphies, although the feature is reversed in several subgroups. The extinct island endemic "Noronhomys vespuccii" also had smaller pits, perhaps because of its short palate. Among members of the tribe Thomasomyini, posterolateral palatal pits are small or absent. "Aepeomys" lacks them, but "Rhagomys longilingua" does have posterolateral palatal pits.


title: "St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church" content: St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church St. Nicholas Ukrainian Catholic Church, also known as St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church, is a historic Ukrainian Catholic church in Watervliet, New York. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1897, a frame meetinghouse became the First Ukrainian Catholic Church in South Troy. However, an increasing Ukrainian population in the area soon required a larger facility for the parish. A certificate of incorporation was filed in January 1900 for St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church and plans were begun on a new building. The church would serve Watervliet, Cohoes, and South Troy,


title: "John Ennis (artist)" content: on the faculty of the Macworld Expo in Boston. He was interviewed for an article in "Newsweek" magazine for the article "Throw Out The Brushes". Ennis left illustration in 2002 and became a fine artist. He abandoned the digital medium and returned to oil painting. The Portrait Society of America awarded Ennis a Certificate of Merit in 2003, and an Honors Award in 2004. He has since painted several hundred private and institutional portraits and has won numerous national awards. His portrait subjects include former Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy Vice Admiral John R. Ryan, Nobel Laureate Susumu


title: "Anping Bridge" content: Anping Bridge Anping Bridge () is a Song dynasty stone beam bridge in Fujian province. It is long. The bridge is also known as the Wuli Bridge (, literally "Five Li Bridge") because its length is about 5 "li", where a "li" is about 500 meters or 0.3 miles. It is a nationally protected historic site registered with the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The bridge lies in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, crossing what originally was a tidal estuary of the Shijing River that separates the town of Anhai (in the county-level city of Jinjiang) east of the river,


title: "Anping Bridge" content: from the town of Shuitou (in the county-level city of Nan'an) west of the river. The bridge is named after Anhai, which was formerly known as Anping. Anping Bridge consists of 331 spans of granite beams resting on top of stone piers, the largest beam weighing 25 tons. The width of the bridge varies from . It originally had five pavilions where travelers could rest; however, only one pavilion (Shuixin Pavilion) still exists. Construction of the bridge started in 1138 during the Southern Song dynasty and lasted until 1151. It was originally 811 "zhang" [] long and 1.6 "zhang" []


title: "Anping Bridge" content: wide, with 362 spans. Upon completion, it was the longest bridge in China until 1905, inspiring the local description, "No bridge in the world is as long as this one" (). There have been six major repairs since its opening, and the bridge is now shorter due to silting of the estuary. The estuary of the Shijing River has mostly silted up in this area, and the remaining river channel under the bridge is fairly narrow. Consequently, the bridge now mostly crosses what amounts to a sequence of lakes or ponds, separated by wetlands. A modern public highway crosses the


title: "Anping Bridge" content: Shijing River a few hundred meters south (downstream) of the historical Anping Bridge over a fairly short bridge. The areas around the bridge are being developed into parks. Anping Bridge Anping Bridge () is a Song dynasty stone beam bridge in Fujian province. It is long. The bridge is also known as the Wuli Bridge (, literally "Five Li Bridge") because its length is about 5 "li", where a "li" is about 500 meters or 0.3 miles. It is a nationally protected historic site registered with the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The bridge lies in the prefecture-level city of


title: "Jugendbund Neudeutschland" content: with the parallel girls movement Heliand and formed the , which is affiliated with the International Young Christian Students. Jugendbund Neudeutschland The Jugendbund Neudeutschland (Youth Federation New Germany) is a German Catholic organisation, founded in 1919 following a recommendation by Felix von Hartmann, the Archbishop of Cologne. During the Weimar Republic it was closely affiliated with the Catholic Centre Party. The organisation opposed Nazism and was banned by the Nazi regime in 1933. After World War II it was re-established as Bund Neudeutschland and enlarged, comprising a wing for secondary school students, another for university students, and a third one


title: "19th Virginia Infantry" content: charged his guns with double canister and blasted a salvo in the face of the onrushing Confederates, completely obliterating the Confederates rushing the battery. Immediately, Federal reserves rushed into the melee. The 72nd Pennsylvania and elements of the 106th Pennsylvania engaged in a firefight with Armistead's Confederates that had crossed the wall at Cushing's Battery. The 42nd New York and 19th Massachusetts both rushed at a right oblique into any Confederates along the 69th Pennsylvania's and 59th New York's section of wall, and the 69th Pennsylvania refused to give any more ground upon falling back to the Clump of Trees.


title: Ravensara content: concentrations of Ravensara species are found at low altitudes in wet habitats in tropical or subtropical montane forests or coastal rainforest or coastal temperate forest. The Ravensara species, native as they are to islands, cannot withstand the severe winters associated with a continental climate, requiring protection from frost if cultivated as garden plants outside the area of their natural distribution. It contains the following species, but this list is incomplete: Ravensara Ravensara is a genus of trees and shrubs belonging to the family Lauraceae and endemic to the island of Madagascar (Central and Eastern regions) and the Comoro Islands. The


title: "General Counsel of the Navy" content: maintains a close working relationship with the Judge Advocate General of the Navy, the senior uniformed lawyer in the Department of the Navy who performs statutory duties under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The General Counsel manages nearly 650 attorneys worldwide, helps to oversee the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and advises senior Navy and Marine Corps officials on litigation, acquisition, contractual, fiscal, environmental, property, personnel, legislative, ethics, and intelligence law issues. The first General Counsel of the Navy was appointed in 1941. From 1862 to 1941, essentially the same function was provided by the Solicitor General of the Navy.


title: "Arghun Aqa" content: of the Royal blood because he was well educated. Arghun started his career as court official during the reign of the Qaghan Ogedei. Later on, the latter's consort, Toregene Khatun, appointed him civil governor in Transoxiana in c.1242. Ascelin of Lombardia might have met him while he was at the court of Baiju in c.1247. In 1259-61 he directed punitive operations against rebels in Georgia, and then was sent to Khorasan to fight the Golden Horde. He is described as faithful servant of the Qaghan in Persian sources while the Georgian and Armenian sources say he was cruel and violent


title: Amagertorv content: Amagertorv Amagertorv (English: Amager Square), today part of the Strøget pedestrian zone, is often described as the most central square in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Second only to Gammeltorv, it is also one of the oldest, taking its name from the Amager farmers who in the Middle Ages came into town to sell their produce at the site. Now the square is a central junction in the heart of Copenhagen, dominated by its Stork Fountain and a number of buildings, the oldest of which dates back to 1616. In opposite directions, Strøget extends towards Kongens Nytorv and the City Hall Square,


title: Amagertorv content: the two largest squares in Copenhagen, to the northwest Købmagergade leads to Nørreport, the busiest railway station in Denmark, and to the southeast Højbro Plads connects to Slotsholmen across Højbro Bridge, and from there onwards to Christianshavn and Amager on the other side of the harbour. The paving is from 1993 and was designed by Bjørn Nørgaard. It consists of a pattern of pentagonal granite stones in five colours. Amagertorv dates back to the Middle Ages when Copenhagen was a small fishing village called Havn, the site was the main corridor between the village and the beach. In 1449 it


title: Amagertorv content: is referred to as the Fishmonger's Market and in 1472 the name Amagertorv first appears. The name derives from the Amager farmers who came into town to sell their goods. In the 16th and 17th century the square became a setting of festivals and chivalrous tournaments. In the same time, Amagertorv continued to be the premier marketplace of the city and from 28 July 1684 all sale of fresh produce was to take place in the square. From 1656 the city's leading inn was also located on the square. Few buildings on the square survivied the Copenhagen Fire of 1795.


title: Amagertorv content: The adjoining Højbro Plads was established after the fire. In 1868 the market activities were moved to Christianshavn. In 1894, the Stork Fountain was constructed. It was a present to Crown Prince Frederik (later Frederik VIII) and Crown Princess Louise in connection with their silver wedding. In 1962, the square was closed to traffic with the establishment of the Strøget pedestrian zone. The Church of the Holy Ghost, located at the western end of the square, is the oldest surviving church in Copenhagen. The Mathias Hansen House (No. 6) was built in 1616 for Mathias Hansen, from 1622 the Mayor


title: Amagertorv content: of Copenhagen. Typically of the Dutch Renaissance style, the house is built in red bricks with sandstone decorations, has a Dutch gable and a copper roof. The copper drainpipes are decorated with dragon's heads.The building was restored in 1898 by Professor Hans Jørgen Holm. The gateway is flanked by two cannon barrels used to protect the gate from entering carts. No. 9 was built 1798-1800: for linen merchant J. A. Bechmann. The original shop front at street level was altered in 1830 and again in 1870. The tobacco company W. Ø. Larsen has a small pibe museum in the building.


title: Amagertorv content: The Ole Haslund House (No. 14) is an example of late-19th century Historicism. The current design is from 1867. The windows have mullions executed as small Hermes figures carrying Ionic capitals. Klostergården at No. 29 is a former convent. The building is from 1798-00 where it replaced a house designed by Caspar Frederik Harsdorff which was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1795. The convent was founded in 1759. Løve Apotek (No. 33), Copenhagen's first pharmacy, was based at the site from 1620 to 1969. The current building was built for the pharmacy in 1907-1908 to design by Victor Nyebøllle


title: Amagertorv content: and Chr. Brandstrup. It replaced a building by C. F. Harsdorff. The Illum department store has been located on the corner of Strøget and Købmagergade since the 1890s. The Illum Furniture Store is also located at Amagertorv. Royal Copenhagen has a flagship in the historic building at No. 6. Amagertorv is used as a location in the films "Ud i den kolde sne" (1934), "Manden på Svanegården" (1972)m "Romantik på sengekanten" (1973) and "Mafiaen - det er osse mig" (1974). Amagertorv Amagertorv (English: Amager Square), today part of the Strøget pedestrian zone, is often described as the most central square


title: "Evolve (professional wrestling)" content: wrestling in favor of showcasing the talent's individual strengths and covering up their weaknesses. On January 29, 2010, Sapolsky announced that Evolve would no longer be booking Davey Richards as he had signed a new contract with Ring of Honor. The concept of the promotion was initially an emphasis on the wrestlers' win-loss records. They divided the company into two divisions: singles wrestlers and tag teams. As per the website, some wrestlers would need to earn their way onto the roster by winning a qualifying match, but that since has been dropped. On November 25, 2011, Evolve and Dragon Gate


title: "Contact approach" content: to an airport not having a published approach procedure, nor is it to be used to approach one airport, break-off the approach in visual conditions, and then fly to another airport. Contact approach A Contact Approach is an approach available to aircraft operating on an IFR flight plan, where the pilot may deviate from the published instrument approach procedure (IAP) and proceed to the destination airport by visual reference to the surface. Only pilots may initiate a request for this type of approach, as regulations prohibit air traffic control (ATC) from asking pilots to perform them. A contact approach will


title: "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant" content: Baxter was declared the winner and took office. Brooks never gave up; finally, in 1874, a local judge ruled Brooks was entitled to the office and swore him in. Both sides mobilized militia units, and rioting and fighting bloodied the streets. Speculation swirled as to who President Grant would side with – either Baxter or Brooks. Grant delayed, requesting a joint session of the Arkansas government to figure out peacefully who would be the Governor, but Baxter refused to participate. On May 15, 1874, Grant issued a Proclamation that Baxter was the legitimate Governor of Arkansas, and hostilities ceased. In


title: "Crime in the Streets" content: Crime in the Streets Crime in the Streets is a 1956 film about juvenile delinquency, directed by Don Siegel and based on a television play written by Reginald Rose. The play first appeared on the Elgin Hour and was directed by Sidney Lumet. The film, starring James Whitmore and John Cassavetes, also featured actor Sal Mineo, who had previously appeared in "Rebel Without A Cause". From his role in "Crime in the Streets", Mineo earned a Hollywood nickname, "The Switchblade Kid." Malcolm Atterbury, Virginia Gregg and future director Mark Rydell had prominent roles. Siegel adapted the play to a film


title: "Jamshed Gulzar Kiani" content: Jamshed Gulzar Kiani Lieutenant-General Jamshed Gulzar Kiani (Urdu: جمشید گلزار کیانی; b.20 July 1944 – 1 November 2008), , was a three-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, intelligence officer and the former Colonel Commandant of the Baloch Regiment and commander of X Corps. An illustrative and long career army and intelligence officer, Kiani came into limelight when he had served as Director-General of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence and the commander of the X Corps. Having remembered as an upright and an honest officer during his military career, Kiani had served as a chairman of Federal Public Service


title: "Jamshed Gulzar Kiani" content: Qureshi had also said that General Kiani had behaved like ""an angry and perturbed child"" who was talking senselessly about all the favours bestowed on him. Qureshi leveled charges on him on ethicality and maintained that: ""He showed sham loyalty and got promotions and lucrative appointments after retirement. On showing poor performance former Prime minister Aziz sacked him. If he was an upright person, he should have rejected appointment after retirement. Indeed, he was trying to benefit some political elements. During service he did not utter a single word against the policies of Musharraf", the Qureshi concluded."" General Kiani is


title: "Columbia/Epic Label Group" content: Records. The Columbia/Epic Label Group ended the year 2010 with the largest album market share among all label groups with a 10.96 share, according to The Nielsen Company. Rob Stringer acted as the CEO/Chairman of the company. The Columbia/Epic Label Group was split in half in July 2011, when Doug Morris became the new head of Sony Music. Epic Records was separated and is now headed by L.A. Reid. This ultimately lead Columbia to being a stand-alone label under Sony Music. Columbia/Epic Label Group Columbia/Epic Label Group was an American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The Columbia/Epic