title: Brugmansia content: used internally much more rarely due to the inherent dangers of ingestion. Internal uses, in highly diluted preparations, and often as a portion of a larger mix, have included treatments for stomach and muscle ailments, as a decongestant, to induce vomiting, to expel worms and parasites, and as a sedative. Several South American cultures have used "Brugmansia" as a treatment for unruly children, that they might be admonished directly by their ancestors in the spirit world, and thereby become more compliant. Mixed with maize beer and tobacco leaves, it has been used to drug wives and slaves before they were


title: Brugmansia content: buried alive with their dead lord. All parts of "Brugmansia" are potentially poisonous, with the seeds and leaves being especially dangerous. "Brugmansia" are rich in scopolamine (hyoscine), hyoscyamine, and several other tropane alkaloids. Effects of ingestion can include paralysis of smooth muscles, confusion, tachycardia, dry mouth, diarrhea, migraine headaches, visual and auditory hallucinations, mydriasis, rapid onset cycloplegia, and death. The hallucinogenic effects of "Brugmansia" were described in the journal "Pathology" as "terrifying rather than pleasurable". The author Christina Pratt, in "An Encyclopedia of Shamanism", says that ""Brugmansia" induces a powerful trance with violent and unpleasant effects, sickening after effects, and


title: Brugmansia content: at times temporary insanity". These hallucinations are often characterized by complete loss of awareness that one is hallucinating, disconnection from reality, and amnesia of the episode, such as one example reported in "Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience" of a young man who amputated his own penis and tongue after drinking only 1 cup of "Brugmansia" tea. In 1994 in Florida, 112 people were admitted to hospitals from ingesting "Brugmansia", leading one municipality to prohibit the purchase, sale, or cultivation of "Brugmansia" plants. The concentrations of alkaloids in all parts of the plant differ markedly. They even vary with the seasons and


title: Brugmansia content: the level of hydration, so it is nearly impossible to determine a safe level of alkaloid exposure. "Brugmansia" are easily grown in a moist, fertile, well-drained soil, in sun to part shade, in frost-free climates. They begin to flower in mid to late spring in warm climates and continue into the fall (autumn), often continuing as late as early winter in warm conditions. In cool winters, outdoor plants need protection from frost, but the roots are hardier, and may resprout in late spring. The species from the higher elevations, in "B". section "Sphaerocarpium", prefer moderate temperatures and cool nights, and


title: Brugmansia content: may not flower if temperatures are very hot. Most "Brugmansia" may be propagated easily by rooting cuttings taken from the end of a branch during the summer. Several hybrids and numerous cultivars have been developed for use as ornamental plants. "B. "×" candida" is a hybrid between "B. aurea" and "B. versicolor"; "B. "×" flava" is a hybrid between "B. arborea" and "B. sanguinea"; and "B. "×" cubensis" is a hybrid between "B. suaveolens", "B. versicolor", and "B. aurea". There are cultivars producing double flowers, and some with variegated leaves. The cultivar "B." × "candida" 'Grand Marnier' has gained the


title: Brugmansia content: Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Brugmansia Brugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are woody trees or shrubs, with pendulous flowers, and have no spines on their fruit. Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets, a name sometimes used for the closely related genus "Datura". ("Datura" differ from "Brugmansia" in that they are herbaceous bushes, with erect rather than pendulous flowers - and most have spines on their fruit). Like many ornamental plants, all parts of "Brugmansia" can be toxic. All seven species are known


title: Penjing content: Penjing: The maintenance and care of penjing trees are similar to that of the bonsai. Penjing Penjing, also known as penzai, is the ancient Chinese art of depicting artistically formed trees, other plants, and landscapes in miniature. Penjing generally fall into one of three categories: Similar practices exist in other cultures, including the Japanese traditions of "bonsai" and "saikei", as well as the miniature living landscapes of Vietnamese "hòn non bộ". Generally speaking, tree "penjing" specimens differ from "bonsai" by allowing a wider range of tree shapes (more "wild-looking") and by planting them in bright-colored and creatively shaped pots. In


title: "D. C. Fontana" content: write a "Star Trek" novel, and she proposed writing the story of Spock's first mission on the "Enterprise", joining a crew led by Captain Christopher Pike. "Vulcan's Glory" also included Scotty's first mission and an exploration of Number One. She described this as a pleasant experience, particularly working with Stern. She returned to the "Star Trek" franchise, with "", an episode of "". Peter Allan Fields brought Fontana onto the series after he had previously worked with her on "The Six Million Dollar Man" as he was looking for quality writers. She found the episode difficult to write due to


title: "Power Pack" content: featured with Spider-Man in a special comic designed to fight sexual abuse. The one-shot issue, written by Louise Simonson, was distributed free and reprinted in the comics sections of many major newspapers. Marvel continued the campaign by featuring the characters in print public service announcements. Later the same year, when the Pack was kidnapped during the Snark Wars, the writers used the storyline to address the issue of child abduction and printed photos of missing children in lieu of the comic's regular letters column. While one-shot public service issues are typically non-canonical, Spider-Man's childhood sexual abuse was mentioned in other


title: "Wright Flyer" content: North Carolina Museum of History Wright Flyer The Wright Flyer (often retrospectively referred to as Flyer" I or 1903 "Flyer) was the first successful heavier-than-air powered aircraft. It was designed and built by the Wright brothers. They flew it four times on December 17, 1903, near Kill Devil Hills, about south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Today, the airplane is exhibited in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. The U.S. Smithsonian Institution describes the aircraft as "the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight with a pilot aboard." The flight of "Flyer I" marks the


title: "Influenza vaccine" content: the relationship of patient mortality relative to staff influenza vaccine uptake; both found that higher rates of health care worker vaccination correlated with reduced patient deaths. A 2014 review found benefits to patients when health care workers were immunized, as supported by moderate evidence based in part on the observed reduction in all-cause deaths in patients whose health care workers were given immunization compared with comparison patients in which the health care workers were not offered vaccine. Evidence for an effect in adults over 65 years old is unclear. Systematic reviews examining both randomized controlled and case–control studies found a


title: "Bubba Smith" content: double-team. During his acting career, Smith specialized in comedic roles in film, television, and television advertising. For about a decade following his retirement from football, he appeared in various commercials for Miller Lite. His best-known role was as Moses Hightower in the first six "Police Academy" movies. Smith was posthumously diagnosed with CTE, a neurological condition generally related to concussion and sub-concussive head trauma. Smith was born on February 28, 1945 in Orange, Texas, to Willie Ray Smith Sr. and Georgia Oreatha Curl Smith, and raised in nearby Beaumont. His father, Willie Ray Smith, Sr., was a football coach who


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa (common names princesstree, foxglove-tree, or kiri) is a deciduous tree in the family Paulowniaceae, native to central and western China. It is an extremely fast-growing tree, and is a persistent exotic invasive in North America. The generic name "Paulownia" honors Anna Pavlovna of Russia. The specific epithet "tomentosa" is a Latin word meaning ‘covered in hairs’. This tree grows tall, with large heart-shaped to five-lobed leaves across, arranged in opposite pairs on the stem. On young growth, the leaves may be in whorls of three and be much bigger than the leaves on more mature growth.


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: The leaves can be mistaken for those of the catalpa. The very fragrant flowers are produced before the leaves in early spring, on panicles 10–30 cm long, with a tubular purple corolla 4–6 cm long resembling a foxglove flower. The fruit is a dry egg-shaped capsule 3–4 cm long, containing numerous tiny seeds. The seeds are winged and disperse by wind and water. Pollarded trees do not produce flowers, as these form only on mature wood. "Paulownia tomentosa" can survive wildfire because the roots can regenerate new, very fast-growing stems. It is tolerant of pollution and it is not fussy


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: about soil type. For this reason it functions ecologically as a pioneer plant. Its nitrogen-rich leaves provide good fodder and its roots prevent soil erosion. Eventually, "Paulownia" is succeeded by taller trees that shade it. It cannot thrive in the shade of other trees. It is able to grow from small cracks in pavements and walls. The primary reason for the rapid growth of "Paulownia tomentosa" is because of an evolutionary adaptation that allows it to use C4 Carbon Fixation in the photosynthetic process. This is common among grasses, but unique among trees; all other trees use C3 Carbon Fixation.


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: "Paulownia tomentosa" is cultivated as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The characteristic large size of the young growth is exploited by gardeners: by pollarding the tree and ensuring there is vigorous new growth every year, massive leaves are produced (up to 23in/60 cm across). These are popular in the modern style of gardening which uses large-foliaged and "architectural" plants. In Japan, the tree is planted at the birth of a girl. The fast-growing tree matures when she does. When she is eligible for marriage the tree is


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: cut down and carved into wooden articles for her dowry. Carving the wood of "Paulownia" is an art form in Japan. In legend, it is said that the phoenix will land only on this tree, and only when a good ruler is in power. Several Asian string instruments are made from "P. tomentosa", including the Japanese "koto" and Korean "gayageum" zithers. The soft, lightweight seeds were commonly used as a packing material by Chinese porcelain exporters in the 19th century, before the development of polystyrene packaging. Packing cases would often leak or burst open in transit and scatter the seeds


title: "Paulownia tomentosa" content: along rail tracks. The magnitude of the numbers of seeds used for packaging, together with seeds deliberately planted for ornament, has allowed the species to be viewed as an invasive species in areas where the climate is suitable for its growth, notably Japan and the eastern United States. Some geranylflavonoids can be found in "P. tomentosa". Verbascoside can also be produced in hairy roots cultures of "P. tomentosa". Paulownia tomentosa Paulownia tomentosa (common names princesstree, foxglove-tree, or kiri) is a deciduous tree in the family Paulowniaceae, native to central and western China. It is an extremely fast-growing tree, and is


title: Thonon-les-Bains content: capital of the Dukedom of Chablais. Transport is assured by BUT (Bus urbains thononais). The lines are: Map of the network: http://www.leman-but.fr/ftp/FR_plan/Plan%202012%202013.pdf Line H and J are used in Evian-Les-Bains, and not Thonon-Les-Bains. Thonon-les-Bains is twinned with: Thonon-les-Bains Thonon-les-Bains (; ) is a town (commune) in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Thonon is part of a transborder agglomeration known as Grand Genève. The town is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (, or simply ). Thonon-les-Bains was the historic capital of Chablais, a province of the old


title: "Elfriede Jelinek" content: father was a chemist, who managed to avoid persecution during the Second World War by working in strategically important industrial production. However, many relatives became victims of the Holocaust. Her mother, with whom she had a strained relationship, was from a formerly prosperous Vienna family. As a child, Elfriede attended a Roman Catholic convent school in Vienna. Her mother planned a career for her as a musical wunderkind. She was instructed in piano, organ, guitar, violin, viola and recorder from an early age. Later, she went on to study at the Vienna Conservatory, where she graduated with an organist diploma;


title: "Glued laminated timber" content: be used for much longer spans, heavier loads, and complex shapes. Glulam is one tenth the weight of steel and one sixth the weight of concrete – the embodied energy to produce it is one sixth of that for a comparable strength of steel. Glulam can be manufactured to a variety of straight and curved configurations so it offers architects artistic freedom without sacrificing structural requirements. The high strength and stiffness of laminated timbers enable glulam beams and arches to span large distances without intermediate columns, allowing more design flexibility than with traditional timber construction. The size is limited only


title: "Universidad del Sagrado Corazón" content: of the Sacred Heart is accredited by the following regional institutions: The school is affiliated with the following organizations: Universidad del Sagrado Corazón Universidad del Sagrado Corazón (English: University of the Sacred Heart), abbreviated "USC" and often called simply Sagrado, is an educational institution of higher learning located in Santurce, Puerto Rico. It is one of the oldest and largest educational institutions in Puerto Rico. Its origins date back to 1880 with the establishment of an elementary school by, the religious order of the Catholic Church known as "Religiosas del Sagrado Corazón" (See also Society of the Sacred Heart) in


title: "The Advocate (Tasmania)" content: Media, Australia’s largest integrated metropolitan, regional and rural print, online and digital media business in Australasia with The Advocate the only daily newspaper covering all areas of North West and Western Tasmania. In 2009 all printing was centralised in Launceston, at a print facility run by "The Examiner", a former rival publication that is now owned by Fairfax Media, the owner of "The Advocate". The press was dismantled and shipped off to a newspaper in New Zealand, where it was deployed at another newspaper owned by the Fairfax Media group. The Advocate anniversary and celebratory editions regularly draw on the


title: "John Cornford" content: passionate warrior: these qualities are held in perfect psychic balance. And they are timeless. The speaker could be one of Homer's heroes. He could be a Spartan at Thermopylae." But the famous opening lines "Heart of the heartless world, / Dear heart, the thought of you" actually contain a blind quotation from Marx, who in the Introduction to his "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" describes religion as "the heart of a heartless world." His brother Christopher Cornford continued to be active in politics until into the late 1980s, in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and its offshoot Cambridge Against


title: "Branching (linguistics)" content: as being right-branching because the main verbs precede direct objects, place adjectives and numerals before their nouns. Japanese and most other languages of northeastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent, on the other hand, are practically a model for rigidly left-branching languages. The Mon–Khmer and Austronesian languages of southeast Asia and many African languages come close to rigidly right-branching, with numerals as well as adjectives following their nouns and with degree words like "very", "too", "extremely", and "quite" following the adjectives they modify. </div> Branching (linguistics) In linguistics, branching refers to the shape of the parse trees that represent the structure


title: "BMW M6" content: BMW M6 The BMW M6 is a high-performance version of the 6 Series coupe/convertible, designed and developed by the motorsport division of BMW. The BMW M6 was based on the subsequent generations of the 6 series. In 1983 BMW took the M88/3 Straight-six engine, a modified version of the M88/1 from the BMW M1 and put it in the E24 chassis of the BMW 6 Series, thus creating the M635CSi (dubbed simply "M6" in North America and Japan). The first generation M6 was critically acclaimed throughout its lifespan for its elegant, aggressive "shark-nose" styling, its luxury equipment and its performance.


title: "BMW M6" content: A top speed of made the European M635CSi the second fastest BMW ever built next to the M1. However, Rug Cunningham, of Cunningham BMW, ran a bone stock 1987 U.S. M6 in the La Carrera Classic Race in Mexico in 1989 and recorded an indicated top speed of . The vehicle can be distinguished from other E24 models by "///M" badges on the front grille and rear decklid ("///M6" on the North American version), body color side-view mirrors, BBS RS wheels, rear lip spoiler, larger front air dam, larger front brakes and a 10 mm lowered ride height. The North


title: "BMW M6" content: America and Japan M6 was fitted with the catalyzed S38B35 engine, producing and of torque, whereas the European M635CSi received the non-catalyzed M88/3 engine, producing at 6500 rpm and at 4500 rpm of torque. A total of 538 catalyzed M635CSi models were sold in Europe between 1988 and 1989. The E24 series became a "world car" for the 1988 and 1989 model years, sporting the same bumpers and aerodynamic treatments across all markets. According to BMW, the car will achieve in 5.8 and 6.8 seconds for the European and North American versions respectively. However, Car and Driver Magazine tested a


title: "BMW M6" content: North American U.S. M6 in July 1987 and actually achieved a time of 6.1 seconds. Also in 1987, Road and Track touted the U.S. M6 as being one of the 10 fastest cars in America. The quarter mile time for the M635CSi has been recorded at 14.5 seconds while is achieved in 15 seconds. Production of the E24 M635CSi/M6 ended in 1989. The BMW M6 concept made its debut at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show. It was based on the BMW E63/E64 6 Series, introduced in 2004. The M6 shared the same uneven firing 5.0 L V10 S85 engine and


title: "BMW M6" content: SMG III gearbox with the E60 M5 that produces at 7,750 rpm and of torque at 6,100 rpm. Manufacturer claimed performance included a 0- acceleration time of 4.4 seconds. "Road & Track" (Feb 2006) measured the 0- acceleration time at 4.1 seconds. The top speed was limited to . De limited top speed amounted to with the optional M-driver's package. The M6 has the same 'power button' as the M5 which toggles the choice of "P400"or "P500" engine power modes. From ignition, the car delivers , but engaging the Steering wheel's M button allows the full (P500) to be engaged


title: "BMW M6" content: if it is configured so via the iDrive settings. The M6 weighs courtesy of a carbon fibre reinforced plastic roof panel as well as thermoplastic front wings, aluminium doors and bonnet and carbon fibre reinforced plastic (sheet moulding compound) boot lid. The carbon fibre and other light materials are used in places like the bumpers and roof that are far from the centre of gravity and/or high up, so that they not only reduce the overall weight but improve the handling by reducing the moment of inertia and lowering the centre of mass height. The M6 was offered as both


title: "BMW M6" content: a coupé and a cabriolet. Both the coupé and convertible could be visually distinguished from the 630i, 645Ci and 650i by their deeper front valance with air intakes, more contoured side sills, aerodynamic side view mirrors, an additional rear valance with diffuser and the absence of front fog lights. Only 701 examples were produced with a manual gearbox (323 Coupes + 378 Convertibles). In the 2010 model year, the M6 was the second-most expensive BMW sold in the U.S. after the US$137,000 760Li, with an MSRP of US$108,150 for the convertible and US$102,350 for the coupe. Production of the M6


title: "BMW M6" content: ended in mid-2010, with sales over the five-year run totalling 9,087 for the coupe and 5,056 for the convertible. Details for the new generation of the M6 were announced in February 2012, with the official reveal taking place at the Geneva Motor Show the following month. The new model is based on the BMW F12/F13 and shares its 7-speed M-DCT gearbox, BMW S63 V8 engine and other technology with the BMW M5 (F10). The M6 "coupé" has a carbon-fibre roof and other weight saving measures, making it lighter than the M5, however it is heavier than its predecessor. The M6


title: "BMW M6" content: "convertible" is heavier than the previous M6 Convertible. The official claimed performance figures state the acceleration from in 4.2 seconds and an electronically limited top speed of with the de-limited top speed being with the optional M-driver's package. The design language of the M6 was similar to the then M series cars. The front of the car has a newly designed M kidney grille with an “M6” badge – a homage to the first generation of the M6. With the 2014 Competition Package, it comes with sportier exhaust with black tips, stiffer springs, dampers, and anti-roll bars, steering is more


title: "BMW M6" content: direct than the base M6, the twin-turbocharged V8 engine utilised in the M6 is updated and produces and of torque along with a acceleration time of in 3.9 seconds (4.0 seconds for the Convertible). The BMW M6 GTLM is the racing version of the M6 created to participate in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and intended to replace the BMW Z4 GTE. The cars are entered by BMW Team RLL, debuting in 2016, with no wins in its debut season. The car would earn four class wins during the 2017 season before being replaced by the BMW M8 GTE for


title: "BMW M6" content: 2018. Around the start of 2015, BMW Motorsport began developing a replacement for the successful BMW Z4 GT3 which already had been in action since 2010, where they selected the M6 as the base model. Throughout the year, the factory engineered the M6 to match FIA GT3 specifications. Emphasis was placed on safety with BMW Motorsport producing an "FIA-approved safety cell in accordance with the very latest safety standards". Unlike the Z4 GT3, which used an engine derived from the BMW M3, the engine of the M6 GT3 was virtually unchanged from that of the production model of the M6


title: "BMW M6" content: (and the BMW M5). The engine only faced some modifications for use in motorsport. In May 2015, at Dingolfing, BMW works driver Jörg Müller drove the M6 GT3 on its first roll-out to contribute a milestone to its development, and later the M6 GT3 was revealed near the end of the year. The M6 GT3 showed its success on its debut year in 2016 when Rowe Racing clinched overall victory at the 2016 Spa 24 Hours with BMW works drivers Philipp Eng, Maxime Martin, and Alexander Sims at the wheel. The car also saw success in championships around the world,


title: "BMW M6" content: with wins in the VLN, Italian GT Championship, and Super GT Championship. http://www.bmw.co.za/en/index.html BMW M6 The BMW M6 is a high-performance version of the 6 Series coupe/convertible, designed and developed by the motorsport division of BMW. The BMW M6 was based on the subsequent generations of the 6 series. In 1983 BMW took the M88/3 Straight-six engine, a modified version of the M88/1 from the BMW M1 and put it in the E24 chassis of the BMW 6 Series, thus creating the M635CSi (dubbed simply "M6" in North America and Japan). The first generation M6 was critically acclaimed throughout its


title: "Logic family" content: changed significantly over the years, with newer versions replacing the older types. Since the transistors of a standard TTL gate are saturated switches, minority carrier storage time in each junction limits the switching speed of the device. Variations on the basic TTL design are intended to reduce these effects and improve speed, power consumption, or both. The German physicist Walter H. Schottky formulated a theory predicting the Schottky effect, which led to the Schottky diode and later Schottky transistors. For the same power dissipation, Schottky transistors have a faster switching speed than conventional transistors because the Schottky diode prevents the


title: "Black Sun (Abbey novel)" content: not need a lookout, because having Abner in the tower was the same as having no one. The position was abolished."" Abbey was there for four seasons and wrote a nonfiction account in his book "Abbey's Road". Abbey dedicated the book to his second wife Judy, who had died of acute leukemia just before publication of the novel. Because Judy had spent some time with Abbey when he worked as a fire ranger, some readers naturally believe the book is based on their relationship. However, according to James M. Cahalan's "Edward Abbey: A Life", the character of Sandy MacKenzie was


title: "Noriko Sakai" content: trip to Amami Ōshima in Kagoshima Prefecture. At the time of Takasō's arrest, Sakai was living in her own apartment in Tokyo. While Sakai was away, the police searched Sakai's home, and reportedly found 0.008 grams of stimulant drugs, carefully wrapped in aluminum foil. An inhaler among the drugs was discovered to have Sakai's DNA. As a result, a warrant was issued for her arrest. On August 5, 2009, Sakai dropped her son off with an unnamed friend, purchased some underwear and other necessities from a store, and then disappeared. Attempting to track Sakai down by cell phone, the police


title: Wahoo content: Wahoo Wahoo ("Acanthocybium solandri") is a scombrid fish found worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. It is best known to sports fishermen, as its speed and high-quality flesh make it a prize game fish. In Hawaii, the wahoo is known as ono. The flesh of the wahoo is white to grey, delicate to dense, and highly regarded by many gourmets. The taste has been said to be similar to mackerel. This has created some demand for the wahoo as a premium-priced commercial food fish. In many areas of its range, such as Hawaii, Bermuda and many parts of the Caribbean,


title: Wahoo content: local demand for wahoo is met by artisanal commercial fishermen, who take them primarily by trolling, as well as by recreational sports fishermen who sell their catch. Its body is elongated and covered with small, scarcely visible scales; the back is an iridescent blue, while the sides are silvery with a pattern of irregular vertical blue bars. These colors fade rapidly at death. The mouth is large, and the teeth of the wahoo are razor sharp. Both the upper and lower jaws have a somewhat sharper appearance than those of king or Spanish mackerel. Specimens have been recorded at up


title: Wahoo content: to in length, and weighing up to . Growth can be rapid. Wahoo can swim up to 60 mph (96.5606 km/h). They are some of the fastest fish in the sea. The wahoo may be distinguished from the related Atlantic king mackerel and from the Indo-Pacific narrow-barred Spanish mackerel by a fold of skin which covers the mandible when its mouth is closed. In contrast, the mandible of the king mackerel is always visible as is also the case for the smaller Spanish mackerel and Cero mackerel. The teeth of the wahoo are similar to those of king mackerel, but


title: Wahoo content: shorter and more closely set together. The barracuda is sometimes confused with mackerel and wahoo, but is easy to distinguish from the latter two species. Barracuda have prominent scales, larger, dagger-like teeth, and lack the caudal keels and blade-like (forked) tail characteristic of the scombrids. Wahoo tend to be solitary or occur in loose-knit groups of two or three fish. Where conditions are suitable, they can be found in schools as large as 100 or more. Their diet is made up of other fish and squid. Most wahoo taken have a trematode parasite living in their stomachs, the giant stomach


title: Wahoo content: worm "(Hirudinella ventricosa)", which does not appear to harm the fish. Although local wahoo populations can be affected by heavy commercial and sports fishing pressure, wahoo as a species are less susceptible to industrial commercial fishing than more tightly schooling and abundant species such as tuna. Wahoo are regularly taken as a bycatch in various commercial fisheries, including longline fisheries for tuna, billfish, and dolphinfish (mahi-mahi or dorado) and in tuna purse seine fisheries, especially in sets made around floating objects, which act as a focal point for a great deal of other marine life besides tuna. In 2003, the


title: Wahoo content: South Atlantic Fishery Management Council issued a Dolphin Wahoo Fishery Management Plan for the Atlantic. However, the species as a whole is not considered overfished. In most parts of its range, the wahoo is a highly prized sport fishing catch. It reaches a good size, is often available not too far from land, and is a very good fighter on light to medium tackle. It is known in sports fishing circles for the speed and strength of its first run. The aggressive habits and razor-sharp teeth of the wahoo can be of considerable annoyance when targeting larger gamefish, however, such


title: Wahoo content: as tuna or marlin. Wahoo Wahoo ("Acanthocybium solandri") is a scombrid fish found worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. It is best known to sports fishermen, as its speed and high-quality flesh make it a prize game fish. In Hawaii, the wahoo is known as ono. The flesh of the wahoo is white to grey, delicate to dense, and highly regarded by many gourmets. The taste has been said to be similar to mackerel. This has created some demand for the wahoo as a premium-priced commercial food fish. In many areas of its range, such as Hawaii, Bermuda and many


title: Frock content: Frock Frock has been used since Middle English as the name for an article of clothing, typically coat-like, for men and women. In British English and in Commonwealth countries the word may be used as an alternative term for a girl's or woman's dress. In Australia it is frequently used this way, with the phrase "to frock up" meaning to wear a formal dress or gown for a special occasion. Relatedly, a frock coat is a men's coat style of the 19th century, characterized by full skirts reaching to the lower thigh or knee. Despite the similarity in the name,


title: Frock content: the frock coat should be regarded as being a distinct garment quite separate from the frock. In the French language the frock coat is called 'une redingote' (from English "riding coat"), and so unlike the English language implies no immediate relationship to the frock which is called 'une fraque'. Indeed, the modern French word for a tail coat is "une frac" which better betrays the historical relationship between the tail coat and the frock. In construction the frock coat could scarcely be more different from the frock for unlike the latter it is usually double breasted, lacks any pockets, lacks


title: Frock content: a high collar, has V-shaped lapels, is closely fitted and is constructed with a waist seam. Originally, a "frock" was a loose, long garment with wide, full sleeves, such as the habit of a monk or priest, commonly belted. (This is the origin of the modern term defrock or unfrock, meaning "to eject from the priesthood".) Throughout the early modern period, "frock" continually applied to various types of clothing, but generally denoting a loosely fitted garment in practice seeimingly ranging in styles from resembling a banyan to a tunic. From the 16th century to the early 20th century, "frock" was


title: Frock content: applied to a woman's dress or gown, in the fashion of the day, often indicating an unfitted, comfortable garment for wear in the house, or (later) a light overdress worn with a slip or underdress. From the 17th century on, a "frock" was a thigh- or full-length loose outer garment worn by shepherds, workmen, and farm workers in Great Britain, generally of heavy linen with a broad flat collar, now usually called a smock-frock. In some areas, this traditional frock buttons up the front in the manner of a coat, while in others it is a pullover style. As such,


title: Frock content: a "frock" remains a dense knitted overgarment worn by sailors and fishermen, as "guernsey frock", "jersey frock" (now usually simply guernsey and jersey). In 18th century Britain and the United States, a "frock" was an unfitted men's coat for hunting or other country pursuits, with a broad, flat collar, derived from the traditional working-class frock. The precise historical evolution of the frock after the second half of the 18th century is obscure, as is its contrasting features to the justaucorps, the evening wear dress coat, and the supplanting 19th century frock coat. Some late in the 18th century versions had


title: Frock content: it made with a cutaway front without a waist seam. This may have been one of the precedessors of the frock coat or at least the dress coat with horizontally cutaway fronts worn for daytime wear by the early 19th century and from which the modern-day evening wear tail dress coat for white tie is derived. The frock coat in turn became cut away into the modern morning coat, giving us the two modern version of tail coats, but the evolution is blurry. Notwithstanding, it seems as if the frock was gradually supplanted by the frock coat in the early


title: Frock content: 19th century, whereas the former frock style was relegated to evening wear. Shapewise, also the great coat may similarly be historically derived from the frock as it similarly is single breasted, with a high and broad collar, waist pockets, and also lacked a waist seam early in its history as can be seen in an example in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. In contemporary times, a "frock" may still designate a woman's or girl's, or child's dress or light overdress. Frock Frock has been used since Middle English as the name for an article of clothing, typically coat-like, for


title: "Calvagese della Riviera" content: Antiochia, which has frescoes dating from the 15th and 16th centuries, and paintings by Girolamo Romanino (a "Madonna and Child"), Zenon Veronese ("Deposition") and other artists of the Venetian school. The church was partially restored during the first half of the 18th century. Sights in Carzago include the parish church of San Lorenzo, which holds paintings by Gallina and Cossali, and the remains of a medieval castle whose four towers have remained visible to this day. Calvagese della Riviera Calvagese della Riviera (Brescian: ) is one of the 206 municipalities of the Province of Brescia in the northern Italian region


title: "Aultsville, Ontario" content: and the House of Commons of Canada. The Holstein-Friesian breed of cattle were first imported into Canada through Aultsville by a local resident. Michael P. Cook became the first importer of Holsteins into Ontario in 1881 when he imported two bulls and ten cows from Europe. This shipment of cattle founded the base of the Holstein breed here today, which is now the most popular dairy breed. The road which currently leads into Upper Canada Migratory Bird Sanctuary was once a part of Aultsville Road, the village's main street. The road leads directly into the river, where you can still


title: "Robert Hoddle" content: a bank clerk for the Bank of England, was born in Westminster, London. He became a cadet-surveyor in the British army in 1812. Hoddle worked in the Ordnance Department and took part in the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain. Hoddle then sailed for the Cape Colony, South Africa in 1822 where he worked on military surveys. Hoddle migrated to the Australian colonies, arriving in Sydney, New South Wales, aboard the "William Penn" in July 1823. Governor Brisbane appointed him assistant surveyor under Surveyor-General John Oxley. Hoddle spent the next twelve years in Queensland and later still in New South Wales


title: "Ganser syndrome" content: found under the Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (DDNOS) section of the DSM-IV-TR, however it is not listed in the DSM-V, which got rid of the DDNOS section and replaced it with Other Specified Dissociative Disorder (OSDD) and Unspecified Dissociative Disorder (USDD).. Despite this, the International Classification of Diseases has Ganser syndrome listed under dissociative disorders. Ganser syndrome Ganser syndrome is a rare dissociative disorder characterized by nonsensical or wrong answers to questions and other dissociative symptoms such as fugue, amnesia or conversion disorder, often with visual pseudohallucinations and a decreased state of consciousness. The syndrome has also been called


title: "Fort Perch Rock" content: Fort Perch Rock Fort Perch Rock is a former defence installation situated at the mouth of Liverpool Bay in New Brighton. Built in the 1820s to defend the Port of Liverpool, its function has changed from defensive, to tourist attraction and museum. It has been, and is still used as a venue for musical concerts and has been listed as a Grade II* Listed Building. Fort Perch Rock is a coastal defence battery built between 1825 and 1829, with the foundation stone being laid in 1826. It was built to protect the Port of Liverpool and proposed as a fortified


title: "Fort Perch Rock" content: lighthouse to replace the old Perch Rock Light, however a separate lighthouse was built. The fort was built on an area known as Black Rock, and was cut off at high tide. However, coastal reclamation has made it fully accessible. It is currently open as a museum. The Fort covers an area of about , with enough space for 100 men. It was built with red sandstone from the Runcorn quarries. The height of the walls ranges from to , and the towers are high. The Fort originally had a drawbridge, and a Tuscan portal which bore the coat of


title: "Fort Perch Rock" content: arms and the words 'Fort Perch Rock'. At one point it was armed with 18 guns, of which 16 were 32-pounders, mounted on platforms. It was nicknamed the 'Little Gibraltar of the Mersey'. The foundation stone reads: "This foundation stone of the Rock Perch Battery, projected by and under the direction of John Sikes Kitson, Esquire, Captain in the Royal Engineers, for the defence of the port was laid on 31st March 1826 by Peter Bourne, Esquire, Mayor of Liverpool in the 7th year of the reign of His Majesty George IV. His Grace, the Duke of Wellington , Master


title: "Fort Perch Rock" content: General of the Ordnance." The projected cost of building was £27,065.0s.8d. Kitson ensured that this budget was not exceeded, finishing the fort for a total cost of £26,965.0s.8d. In the late 1970s, the fort could be hired as a party venue. During this time Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark founder members Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys played there as members of the short lived Wirral group The Id. Since the 1990s, the fort has played host to various musical events including, in the summer of 2006, a number of rock concerts which were organised by a group of young Wallaseyans.


title: "Fort Perch Rock" content: The nights were called "Nautical" and were featured in the Guardian newspaper and named NME club of the week for the 1 September 2006 show, which featured British Sea Power and the Tiny Dancers. The fort features a museum with displays including military aviation, maritime history, and the Fort Perch Rock Marine Radio Museum with exhibits of marine wireless communications devices. In the poem 'The Black-Rock Fort and Lighthouse', Letitia Elizabeth Landon imagines the beacon light as a welcoming sight to voyagers returning to their home in England. Fort Perch Rock Fort Perch Rock is a former defence installation situated


title: "Interpersonal attraction" content: of attitudes shared correlates well with the degree of interpersonal attraction. Cheerful people like to be around other cheerful people and negative people would rather be around other negative people. A 2004 study, based on indirect evidence, concluded that humans choose mates based partly on facial resemblance to themselves. According to Morry's attraction-similarity model (2007), there is a lay belief that people with actual similarity produce initial attraction. The perceived similarity is either self-serving, as in a friendship, or relationship-serving, as in a romantic relationship. In a 1963 study, Theodore Newcomb pointed out that people tend to change perceived similarity


title: Ver.di content: delegates from the DAG, DPG, HBV and IG Medien nevertheless voted in favour of the establishment of Verdi with majorities of between and 78 and 99 percent. The positive outcome of the ÖTV was the weakest with a majority of just 65 percent. Herbert Mai therefore decided not to stand for re-election as the union's Chairman. His elected successor, Frank Bsirske, was also in favour of the merger and announced that he additionally planned to run for the role of Verdi Chairman. The final step towards the establishment of Verdi involved the merger congresses of the five member unions, which


title: "Walter Salles" content: nominations, for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Best Foreign Language Film. Salles won a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, becoming the first Brazilian to win a Golden Globe. In 2001, "Abril Despedaçado" ("Behind the Sun"), starring Rodrigo Santoro, was nominated for the Best Foreign Film Golden Globes. Both films were produced by veteran Arthur Cohn and had worldwide distribution. In 2003, Salles was voted one of the 40 Best Directors in the World by "The Guardian". His biggest international success has been "Diarios de Motocicleta" ("The Motorcycle Diaries"), a 2004 film about the life of


title: Grosseto content: Grosseto Grosseto () is a city and "comune" in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto. The city lies from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the Maremma, at the centre of an alluvial plain on the Ombrone river. It is the most populous city in Maremma, with 82,284 inhabitants. The comune of Grosseto includes the "frazioni" of Marina di Grosseto, the largest one, Roselle, Principina a Mare, Principina Terra, Montepescali, Braccagni, Istia d'Ombrone, Batignano, Alberese and Rispescia. The origins of Grosseto can be traced back to the High Middle Ages. It was first mentioned in


title: Digne-les-Bains content: lies at the edge of the Prealps, on a thrust fault that bears its name. A part of the town is completely enclosed in the Bléone Valley, while the town extends widely, on a gentler relief, downstream. With the annexation of neighbouring towns, especially downstream, the town extends over in length. The communes surrounding Digne-les-Bains are La Robine-sur-Galabre, Le Brusquet, Marcoux, Archail, Tartonne, Clumanc, Chaudon-Norante, Châteauredon, Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson, Aiglun, Champtercier and Thoard. The commune, which is at the heart of the geology, has its specificities related to the ancient city built upstream of the cluse which the Bléone has pierced


title: Digne-les-Bains content: is offered to amateur and semi-professional teams. Every spring, each year, the René-Char cultural centre receives cinema personalities and projects art and test films at the "Festival les Rencontres cinématographiques de Digne". Its president is Jean-Pierre Castagna. Each year since 2004, the [Raid of the Black Lands] mountain biking event brings together more than a thousand participants. From 2013, the VTT Rando 04 club organizes the Enduro of the Black Lands, Enduro event. Created in 1999 by The Athletic Club of Digne, the Half-marathon of the Ammonites connects the village of Barles with the prefecture at the beginning of September,


title: Stroboscope content: Stroboscope A stroboscope also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary. It consists of either a rotating disk with slots or holes or a lamp such as a flashtube which produces brief repetitive flashes of light. Usually the rate of the stroboscope is adjustable to different frequencies. When a rotating or vibrating object is observed with the stroboscope at its vibration frequency (or a submultiple of it), it appears stationary. Thus stroboscopes are also used to measure frequency. The principle is used for the study of rotating,


title: Stroboscope content: reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating objects. Machine parts and vibrating string are common examples. A stroboscope used to set the ignition timing of internal combustion engines is called a timing light. In its simplest mechanical form, a rotating cylinder (or bowl with a raised edge) with evenly spaced holes or slots placed in the line of sight between the observer and the moving object. The observer looks through the holes/slots on the near and far side at the same time, with the slots/holes moving in opposite directions. When the holes/slots are aligned on opposite sides, the object is visible to the


title: Stroboscope content: observer. Alternately, a single moving hole or slot can be used with a fixed/stationary hole or slot. The stationary hole or slot limits the light to a single viewing path and reduces glare from light passing through other parts of the moving hole/slot. Viewing through a single line of holes/slots does not work, since the holes/slots appear to just sweep across the object without a strobe effect. The rotational speed is adjusted so that it becomes synchronised with the movement of the observed system, which seems to slow and stop. The illusion is caused by temporal aliasing, commonly known as


title: Stroboscope content: the stroboscopic effect. In electronic versions, the perforated disc is replaced by a lamp capable of emitting brief and rapid flashes of light. Typically a gas-discharge or solid-state lamp is used, because they are capable of emitting light nearly instantly when power is applied, and extinguishing just as fast when the power is removed. By comparison, incandescent lamps have a brief warm-up when energized, followed by a cool-down period when power is removed. These delays result in smearing and blurring of detail of objects partially illuminated during the warm-up and cool-down periods. For most applications, incandescent lamps are too slow


title: Stroboscope content: for clear stroboscopic effects. Yet when operated from an AC source they are mostly fast enough to cause audible hum (at double mains frequency) on optical audio playback such as on film projection. The frequency of the flash is adjusted so that it is an equal to, or a unit fraction of the object's cyclic speed, at which point the object is seen to be either stationary or moving slowly backward or forward, depending on the flash frequency. Neon lamps or light emitting diodes are commonly used for low-intensity strobe applications, Neon lamps were more common before the development of


title: Stroboscope content: solid-state electronics, but are being replaced by LEDs in most low-intensity strobe applications. Xenon flash lamps are used for medium- and high-intensity strobe applications. Sufficiently rapid or bright flashing may require active cooling such as forced-air or water cooling to prevent the xenon flash lamp from melting. Joseph Plateau of Belgium is generally credited with the invention of the stroboscope in 1832, when he used a disc with radial slits which he turned while viewing images on a separate rotating wheel. Plateau called his device the "Phenakistoscope". There was a simultaneous and independent invention of the device by the Austrian


title: Stroboscope content: Simon Ritter von Stampfer, which he named the "Stroboscope", and it is his term which is used today. The etymology is from the Greek words "στρόβος - strobos", meaning "whirlpool" and "σκοπεῖν - skopein", meaning "to look at". As well as having important applications for scientific research, the earliest inventions received immediate popular success as methods for producing moving pictures, and the principle was used for numerous toys. Other early pioneers employed rotating mirrors, or vibrating mirrors known as mirror galvanometers. In 1917, French engineer Etienne Oehmichen patented the first electric stroboscope, building at the same time a camera capable


title: Stroboscope content: of shooting 1,000 frames per second. The electronic strobe light stroboscope was invented in 1931, when Harold Eugene Edgerton ("Doc" Edgerton) employed a flashing lamp to study machine parts in motion. General Radio Corporation then went on to produce this invention in the form of their "Strobotach". Edgerton later used very short flashes of light as a means of producing still photographs of fast-moving objects, such as bullets in flight. Stroboscopes play an important role in the study of stresses on machinery in motion, and in many other forms of research. Bright stroboscopes are able to overpower ambient lighting and


title: Stroboscope content: make stop-motion effects apparent without the need for dark ambient operating conditions. They are also used as measuring instruments for determining cyclic speed. As a timing light they are used to set the ignition timing of internal combustion engines. In medicine, stroboscopes are used to view the vocal cords for diagnosis of conditions that have produced dysphonia (hoarseness). The patient hums or speaks into a microphone which in turn activates the stroboscope at either the same or a slightly different frequency. The light source and a camera are positioned by endoscopy. Another application of the stroboscope can be seen on


title: Stroboscope content: many gramophone turntables. The edge of the platter has marks at specific intervals so that when viewed under fluorescent lighting powered at mains frequency, provided the platter is rotating at the correct speed, the marks appear to be stationary. This will not work well under incandescent lighting, as incandescent bulbs don't significantly strobe. For this reason, some turntables have a neon bulb or LED next to the platter. The LED must be driven by a half wave rectifier from the mains transformer, or by an oscillator. Flashing lamp strobes are also adapted for pop use, as a lighting effect for


title: Stroboscope content: discotheques and night clubs where they give the impression of dancing in slow motion. The strobe rate of these devices is typically not very precise or very fast, because the entertainment application does not usually require a high degree of performance. Rapid flashing can give the illusion that white light is tinged with color, known as Fechner color. Within certain ranges, the apparent color can be controlled by the frequency of the flash, but it is an illusion generated in the mind of the observer and not a real color. The Benham's top demonstrates the effect. Stroboscope A stroboscope also


title: "Burt Lake" content: record of largest sturgeon caught in the USA. YMCA Camp Al-Gon-Quian and Burt Lake State Park are both located on the southern shore of the lake. The unincorporated community of Burt Lake is on the southwest shore on M-68. Interstate 75 passes to the east of the lake, with two interchanges near the south end of the lake at the unincorporated community of Indian River. Burt Lake Burt Lake is a 17,120 acre (69 km²) lake in Cheboygan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The western shore of the lake is on the boundary with Emmet County. The lake


title: "Solomon Grundy (comics)" content: radio, which blares the warning that Solomon Grundy is on the loose; the members believe, based on a large, muddy footprint on the floor, that Grundy got to HQ and took Green Lantern. The radio continues its report, listing cities where Grundy was seen, so each member picks a city and heads for it (Wonder Woman staying behind) to try to find Green Lantern. The scene now shifts back to the moment at JSA HQ where Green Lantern had opened the door. To his surprise, Doiby Dickles walks in, and informs him that Grundy has freed himself and is on


title: "Rouen Business School" content: programmes. "Specialised Masters Part Time in Paris" (MBA Center - 23 rue d'Anjou - 75008 Paris): "Specialised Masters Full Time in Rouen": "MBA - Master in Business Administration" 13 specialised majors in the 3rd year (Grande Ecole Programme). The 13 majors are designed jointly with European partner universities and are taught by international teams. They are offered to students in the 3rd year so as to strengthen their theoretical knowledge in the main management disciplines: Semester 3 : 6 months compulsory internship Place: France or overseas Semester 5 or 6 : 6 to 8 months internship Subject: Professional insertion Place:


title: "The Cornell Review" content: Hill, RealClearPolitics and The O'Reilly Factor. The "Review" was incorporated in 1986 as The Ithaca Review, Inc. The editorial staff is headed by an undergraduate editor-in-chief, while the business staff is headed by an undergraduate president. Funding for the "Review" comes primarily from the Collegiate Network, a syndicate of conservative campus newspapers funded by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute. The Cornell Review The Cornell Review is an independent newspaper published by students of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. With the motto, "We Do Not Apologize," the "Review" has a history in conservative journalism and is one of the leading college


title: "Vulcan Iron Works" content: works there became too small, the business moved to a new Vulcan Ironworks, built at Salter Street, just off North Road, Preston, under the name Gregson and Monk. In 1873, James Gregson bought 82 acres of land at Fulwood; in 1876 he built Highgate Park mansion with the land as its extensive gardens. He owned much property in Preston and was a councillor of Fulwood District. His son George Frederick Gregson ran the firm after him. When Monk retired in March 1874, James Gregson became sole proprietor. He employed about 400 men, making up to 100 weaving looms per week.


title: "Crate training" content: some cases more than they love the owner." This bond with the crate may interfere with the human-animal bond and exacerbate bond-related behavior problems such as separation distress and owner-directed aggression. Steven Lindsay in "Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training" states that while "the role of crate confinement in the etiology of behavior problems has not been scientifically established [...] empirical impressions and logic dictate that it probably plays an important role in the development or exacerbation of many adjustment problems." He argues that "the widespread practice of routinely caging a dog at night and then again during the


title: "Red velvet cake" content: Red velvet cake Red velvet cake is traditionally a red, red-brown, mahogany, maroon, crimson or scarlet colored chocolate layer cake, layered with white cream cheese or ermine icing. The cake is commonly served on Valentine's Day. Common modern red velvet cake is made with red dye; the red color was originally due to non-Dutched, anthocyanin-rich cocoa. Common ingredients include buttermilk, butter, cocoa, vinegar, and flour. Beetroot or red food coloring may be used for the color. Velvet cake is thought to originate in the Victorian era. During that Era they served velvet cakes as a fancy dessert. The term "velvet"


title: "Red velvet cake" content: was a description used to let consumers know the dessert was a soft and velvety crumb cake. During that same time devil's food cake was introduced, which is how some believe that red velvet cake came about. The difference between the two cakes is that devil's food cake uses chocolate and red velvet cake uses cocoa. When foods were rationed during World War II, bakers used boiled beet juices to enhance the color of their cakes. Beets are found in some red velvet cake recipes. Beets were and are in some recipes used as a filler or to retain moisture.Adams


title: "Red velvet cake" content: Extract, a Texas company, is credited with bringing the red velvet cake to kitchens across America during the Great Depression era, by being one of the first to sell red food coloring and other flavor extracts with the use of point-of-sale posters and tear-off recipe cards. The cake and its original recipe are well known in the United States from New York City's famous Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, which has dubbed the confection Waldorf-Astoria cake. However, it is widely considered a Southern recipe. Traditionally, red velvet cake is iced with a French-style butter roux icing (also called ermine icing), which is very


title: "Red velvet cake" content: light and fluffy, but time-consuming to prepare. Cream cheese frosting and buttercream frosting are variations which have increased in popularity. In Canada, the cake was a well-known dessert in the restaurants and bakeries of the Eaton's department store chain in the 1940s and 1950s. Promoted as an exclusive Eaton's recipe, with employees who knew the recipe sworn to silence, many mistakenly believed the cake was the invention of the department store matriarch, Lady Eaton. In recent years, red velvet cake and red velvet cupcakes have become increasingly popular in the US and many European countries. A resurgence in the popularity


title: "Red velvet cake" content: of this cake is attributed by some to the film "Steel Magnolias" (1989), which included a red velvet groom's cake made in the shape of an armadillo. Magnolia Bakery in Manhattan has served it since its opening in 1996, as did restaurants known for their Southern cooking like Amy Ruth's in Harlem, which opened in 1998. In 2000, Cake Man Raven opened one of the first bakeries devoted to the cake in Brooklyn. Ingredient changes vary based on the era and area of the world. James Beard's reference, "American Cookery" (1972), describes three red velvet cakes varying in the amounts


title: "Red velvet cake" content: of shortening, butter, and vegetable oil. All used red food coloring. The reaction of acidic vinegar and buttermilk tends to better reveal the red anthocyanin in cocoa and keeps the cake moist, light, and fluffy. This natural tinting may have been the source for the name "red velvet", as well as "Devil's food" and similar names for chocolate cakes. Contemporarily, chocolate has often undergone Dutch processing, which prevents the color change of the anthocyanins. A reconstruction of the original red velvet cake involves reducing or eliminating the vinegar and colorants, and using a non-Dutched cocoa to provide the needed acidity


title: "Red velvet cake" content: and color. In addition to the many variations of red velvet cake, there are endless red velvet-flavored products, including protein powder, tea, lattes, Pop-Tarts, waffles, and alcoholic beverages. The scent is used for candles and air fresheners as well. For dietary restrictions, such as those due to allergies and ingredient sensitivity, vegan, gluten free, and dairy free variations are available. Red velvet cake Red velvet cake is traditionally a red, red-brown, mahogany, maroon, crimson or scarlet colored chocolate layer cake, layered with white cream cheese or ermine icing. The cake is commonly served on Valentine's Day. Common modern red velvet


title: Amalienborg content: Amalienborg Amalienborg () is the home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of four identical classical palace façades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard (); in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's founder, King Frederick V. Amalienborg was originally built for four noble families; however, when Christiansborg Palace burned on 26 February 1794, the royal family bought the palaces and moved in. Over the years various kings and their families have resided in the four different palaces. The Frederiksstaden district was built on the former grounds


title: Amalienborg content: of two other palaces. The first palace was called Sophie Amalienborg. It was built by Queen Sophie Amalie, consort to Frederick III, on part of the land which her father-in-law Christian IV had acquired outside of Copenhagen's old walled city, now known as the Indre By district, in the early 17th century when he had been king. Other parts of the land were used for Rosenborg Castle, Nyboder, and the new Eastern fortified wall around the old city. It included a garden, a replacement for the "Queen’s Garden" which had been located beyond the city's western gate "Vesterport", an area


title: Amalienborg content: today known as Vesterbro, and which had been destroyed under siege from Sweden in 1659. Work on the garden began in 1664, and the castle was built 1669-1673. The King died in 1670, and the Queen Dowager lived there until her death on February 20, 1685. Four years later on April 15, 1689 Sophie Amalie’s son King Christian V celebrated his forty-fourth birthday at the palace with the presentation of a German opera, perhaps the first opera presentation in Denmark, in a specially-built temporary theatre. The presentation was a great success, and it was repeated a few days later on


title: Amalienborg content: April 19. However, immediately after the start of the second performance a stage decoration caught fire, causing the theatre and the palace to burn to the ground, and about 180 people lost their lives. The King planned to rebuild the palace, whose church, Royal Household and garden buildings were still intact. Ole Rømer headed the preparatory work for the rebuilding of Amalienborg in the early 1690s. In 1694, the King negotiated a deal with the Swedish building master Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, who spent some time in Copenhagen that summer reviewing the property. His drawing and model were completed in


title: Amalienborg content: 1697. The King, however, found the plans too ambitious and instead began tearing down the existing buildings that same year, with the reclaimed building materials used to build a new Garrison Church. The second Amalienborg was built by Frederick IV at the beginning of his reign. The second Amalienborg consisted of a summerhouse, a central pavilion with orangeries, and arcades on both side of the pavilion. On one side of the buildings was a French-style garden, and on the other side were military drill grounds. The pavilion had a dining room on the groundfloor. On the upper floor was a


title: Amalienborg content: salon with a view out to the harbour, the garden and the drill grounds. Amalienborg is the centrepiece of Frederiksstaden, a district that was built by King Frederick V to commemorate in 1748 the tercentenary of the Oldenburg family's ascent to the throne of Denmark, and in 1749 the tercentenary of the coronation of Christian I of Denmark. This development is generally thought to have been the brainchild of Danish Ambassador Plenipotentiary in Paris, Johann Hartwig Ernst Bernstorff. Heading the project was Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke, one of the most powerful and influential men in the land, with


title: Amalienborg content: Nicolai Eigtved as royal architect and supervisor. The project consisted of four identical mansions (see below), built to house four distinguished families of nobility from the royal circles, placed around an octagonal square. These mansions (now called Palaces) form the modern palace of Amalienborg, albeit much modified over the years. When the Royal Family found itself homeless after the Christiansborg Palace fire of 1794, the palaces were empty for long periods throughout the year, with the exception of the Brockdorff Palace, which housed the Naval Academy. The noblemen who owned them were willing to part with their mansions for promotion


title: Amalienborg content: and money, and the Moltke and Schack Palaces were acquired in the course of a few days. Since that date successive royal family members have lived at Amalienborg as a royal residence and kings have lent their names to the four palaces; Christian VII's Palace, Christian VIII's Palace, Frederick VIII's Palace and Christian IX's Palace. A colonnade, designed by royal architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff, was added 1794-1795 to connect the recently occupied King’s palace, Moltke Palace, with that of the Crown Prince, Schack’s Palace. According to Eigtved’s master plans for Frederikstad and the Amalienborg Palaces, the four palaces surrounding the


title: Amalienborg content: plaza were conceived of as town mansions for the families of chosen nobility. Their exteriors were identical, but interiors differed. The site on which the aristocrats could build was given to them free of charge, and they were further exempted from taxes and duties. The only conditions were that the palaces should comply exactly to the Frederikstad architectural specifications, and that they should be built within a specified time framework. Building of the palaces on the western side of the square started in 1750. When Eigtved died in 1754 the two western palaces had been completed. The work on the


title: Amalienborg content: other palaces was continued by Eigtved's colleague and rival, Lauritz de Thurah strictly according to Eigtved’s plans. The palaces were completed in 1760. The four palaces are: Currently, only the palaces of Christian VII and Christian VIII are open to the public. Christian VII's Palace is also known as Moltke's Palace, and was originally built for Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke. It is the southwestern palace, and has been since 1885 used to accommodate and entertain prominent guests, for receptions, and for ceremonial purposes. Moltke’s Palace was erected in 1750–54 by the best craftsmen and artists of their day


title: Amalienborg content: under the supervision of Eigtved. It was the most expensive of the four palaces at the time it was built, and had the most extravagant interiors. Its Great Hall ("Riddersalen") featured woodcarvings ("boiserie") by Louis August le Clerc, paintings by François Boucher and stucco by Giovanni Battista Fossati, and is acknowledged widely as perhaps the finest Danish Rococo interior. The mansion formally opened on 30 March 1754, the King’s thirtieth birthday. Due to Eigtved's death a few months later, final work such as the Banqueting Hall, was completed by Nicolas-Henri Jardin. Immediately after the Christiansborg Palace fire in March 1794


title: Amalienborg content: and two years after the death of the original owner, the royal family, headed by the schizophrenic King Christian VII, purchased the first of the four palaces to be sold to the royal family, and commissioned Caspar Frederik Harsdorff to turn it into a royal residence. They occupied the new residence December 1794. After Christian VII’s death in 1808, Frederick VI used the palace for his Royal Household. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs used parts of the Palace in the years 1852-1885. For short periods of time in the intervening years the palace has housed various members of the royal


title: Amalienborg content: family while restoration took place on their respective palaces. In 1971-1975 a small kindergarten was established at the palace, and later a schoolroom, for Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim. After 200 years the facade, decorated by German sculptor Johan Christof Petzold, was severely damaged, causing parts of Amalienborg Place to be closed to prevent injury. In 1982, exterior and interior restoration began that completed in early 1996, Copenhagen's year as European Capital of Culture. In 1999, Europa Nostra, an international preservation organisation, acknowledged the restoration with by presenting a medal. The palace is occasionally open to the general public.


title: Amalienborg content: Christian VIII's Palace is also known as Levetzau's Palace, and was originally built for Privy Councillor Count Christian Frederik Levetzau in 1750–60. It is the northwestern palace, and was the home of Crown Prince Frederik until 2004. After his marriage to Crown Princess Mary, they moved into the Chancellery House at Fredensborg. After Eigtved's death in 1754, royal architect Lauritz de Thurah carried out supervision of the building's construction according to Eigtved's plans. The palace was sold by the entailed estate of Restrup, which had been established in 1756 by Levertzau, the late owner. The family set one condition when


title: Amalienborg content: they sold the building— that the Count’s coat of arms should never be removed from the building. It can still be seen beside that of the monarch's. The King's half-brother Frederik bought the palace in 1794, and painter and architect Nikolai Abildgaard modernized the interiors in the new French Empire style. The palace was named Christian VIII’s Palace after his son, Christian Frederik, who grew up in the palace, took over the building in 1805 upon the death of his father, and would become king in 1839. Christian VIII died in 1848, and the Queen Dowager, Caroline Amalie, died in


title: Amalienborg content: 1881. From 1885 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs used parts of the Palace, but moved in 1898 when the Palace became the residence of Crown Prince Christian (X) and Princess Alexandrine. After the death of Christian X the Palace was placed at the disposal of Prince Knud, the Heir Presumptive. Today, there is little left of the remaining rococo interior; much of the interior reflects the changing taste and style of its residents over the years. In the 1980s the palace was restored as residence for the Crown Prince, storage facilities for the Queen’s Reference Library and a museum for


title: Amalienborg content: the Royal House of Glücksborg. The museum features private royal apartments from 1863 to 1947 including original fittings and furnishings. Frederick VIII's Palace is also known as Brockdorff's Palace. It is the northeastern palace, and was the home of Queen Dowager Ingrid until her death in 2000. It has recently been renovated and is the home of the Crown Prince Frederik and the Crown Princess Mary. It was originally built for Count Joachim Brockdorff in the 1750s. Brockdorff died in 1763, and Lord High Steward Adam Gottlob Moltke acquired the palace. Moltke sold it two years later to king Frederick


title: Amalienborg content: V. From 1767 it housed the Danish Military Academy, also known as the Army Cadet Academy ("Landkadetakademi"). In 1788 naval cadets replaced the army cadets until the Academy moved to another location in 1827. The following year the palace was prepared to house king Christian VIII’s son, Frederick VII, who ascended the throne in 1848, and his bride, Princess Vilhelmine. Architect Jørgen Hansen Koch successfully and thoroughly refurbished the palace in French Empire style in 1827–28. After the marriage was dissolved in 1837, various members of the royal family lived in the palace. In 1869, it became the home of


title: Amalienborg content: Frederick VIII. In 1934, it became the home of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid. Christian IX's Palace is the southeastern palace, and is also known as Schack's Palace. It has been the home of the royal couple since 1967. Building work was commenced in 1750 by Eigtved, and was supervised first by architect Christian Josef Zuber and later by Philip de Lange. It was originally commissioned by Privy Councillor Severin Løvenskjold, but in 1754 he had to give up due to economic difficulties. The project was taken over by Countess Anne Sophie Schack née Rantzau and her step-grandson Hans


title: Amalienborg content: Schack. A fire shortly after the change of ownership delayed completion by a couple of years. On 7 January 1757 Hans Schack married Countess Ulrikke Auguste Vilhelmine Moltke, daughter of Adam Gottlob Moltke, and as his son-in-law had use of the best artists and craftsmen to complete the interiors. In 1794 the palace was taken over from private residence by the Regent, then Crown Prince Frederick, and his wife, Crown Princess Marie. He died in 1839, and she in 1852. The palace was used after her death by, among others, the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It


title: Amalienborg content: was later the home of Christian IX until his death in 1906. The home remained untouched afterwards until 1948. In 1967 the Palace was restored for the successor to the throne, Crown Princess Margrethe and Prince Henrik. Amalienborg is guarded day and night by Royal Life Guards ("Den Kongelige Livgarde"). Their full dress uniform is fairly similar to that of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army: a scarlet tunic, blue trousers, and a navy bearskin cap. The guard march from Rosenborg Castle at 11.30 am daily through the streets of Copenhagen and execute the changing of the guard


title: Amalienborg content: in front of Amalienborg at noon. In addition, post replacement is conducted every two hours. When the monarch is in residence, the King's Guard ("Kongevagt") also march alongside the changing of the guard at noon, accompanied by a band that plays traditional military marches. The Guard Lieutenant ("Løjtnantsvagt") is always alerted when Prince Henrik or another member of the royal family are reigning in absence of the Queen. There are three types of watches: King's Watch, Lieutenant Watch and Palace Watch. A King's Watch is when Her Majesty the Queen takes up residence in Christian IX's Palace. A Lieutenant Watch


title: Amalienborg content: is when Crown Prince Frederik, Prince Joachim, or Princess Benedikte, takes the place as regent, when the monarch is unable to. A Palace Watch is when no member of the royal family is in the palace, and it is the smallest one. The equestrian statue of King Frederik V was commissioned by Moltke, as Director for the Danish Asiatic Company, and it was made by French sculptor Jacques-Francois-Joseph Saly. Work began in 1753, and the foundation stone was laid in place in 1760 at the 100-year celebration of political absolutism in Denmark. The statue was finally unveiled in 1771, five


title: Amalienborg content: years after King Frederik V's death in 1766. The Amalie Garden () is located between the waterfront and Amalienborg Slotsplads. Established in 1983, it was a gift from the A.P. Møller and Chastine McKinney Møller Foundation to the citizens of Copenhagen. The two-level garden was designed by Belgian architect Jean Delogne. It features marble sculptures and a central fountain designed by Italian Arnaldo Pomodoro. It is owned jointly by the Danish state and the municipality of Copenhagen, and maintained by the Palaces and Properties Agency. The short axis on which Amalienborg lies, Frederiksgade (English: Frederik’s Street) has been much discussed


title: Amalienborg content: due to construction the building of the Copenhagen Opera House in 2001–04. Aligned on the short axis are: The long axis on which Amalienborg lies is Amaliegade (English: Amalie Street). Amalienborg Amalienborg () is the home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of four identical classical palace façades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard (); in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's founder, King Frederick V. Amalienborg was originally built for four noble families; however, when Christiansborg Palace burned on 26 February 1794, the royal family


title: "Leaky bucket" content: I.371 and in the ATM Forum’s UNI Specification. The description, in which the term "cell" is equivalent to "packet" in Turner's description is given by the ITU-T as follows: “The continuous-state leaky bucket can be viewed as a finite capacity bucket whose real-valued content drains out at a continuous rate of 1 unit of content per time unit and whose content is increased by the increment "T" for each conforming cell... If at a cell arrival the content of the bucket is less than or equal to the limit value "τ", then the cell is conforming; otherwise, the cell is


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: Diospyros virginiana Diospyros virginiana is a persimmon species commonly called the American persimmon, common persimmon, eastern persimmon, "simmon", "possumwood", "possum apples", or "sugar-plum". It ranges from southern Connecticut/Long Island to Florida, and west to Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Iowa. The tree grows wild but has been cultivated for its fruit and wood since prehistoric times by Native Americans. "Diospyros virginiana" grows through , in well-drained soil. In summer, this species produces fragrant flowers which are dioecious, so one must have both male and female plants to obtain fruit. Most cultivars are parthenocarpic (setting seedless fruit without pollination). The flowers


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: are pollinated by insects and wind. Fruiting typically begins when the tree is about 6 years old. The fruit is round or oval and usually orange-yellow, sometimes bluish, and from in diameter. In the U.S. South and Midwest, the fruits are referred to as simply persimmons or "'simmons", and are popular in desserts and cuisine. Commercial varieties include the very productive Early Golden, the productive John Rick, Miller, Woolbright and the Ennis, a seedless variety. Another nickname of the American persimmon, 'date-plum' also refers to a persimmon species found in South Asia, "Diospyros lotus". It is a small tree usually


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: 30 through 80 feet (10 through 24 meters) in height, with a short, slender trunk and spreading, often pendulous branches, which form a broad or narrow, round-topped canopy. The roots are thick, fleshy and stoloniferous. This species as has a shrubby growth form. This plant has oval entire leaves, and unisexual flowers on short stalks. In the male flowers, which are numerous, the stamens are sixteen in number and arranged in pairs; the female flowers are solitary, with traces of stamens, and a smooth ovary with one ovule in each of the eight cells—the ovary is surmounted by four styles,


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: which are hairy at the base. The fruit-stalk is very short, bearing a subglobose fruit an inch in diameter or a bit larger, of an orange-yellow color, ranging to bluish, and with a sweetish astringent pulp. It is surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-lobes, which increase in size as the fruit ripens. The astringency renders the fruit somewhat unpalatable, but after it has been subjected to the action of frost, or has become partially rotted or "bletted" like a medlar, its flavor is improved. The tree is very common in the South Atlantic and Gulf states, and attains


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: its largest size in the basin of the Mississippi River. Its habitat is southern, it appears along the coast from Connecticut to Florida; west of the Alleghenies it is found in southern Ohio and along through southeastern Iowa and southern Missouri; when it reaches Louisiana, eastern Kansas and Oklahoma it becomes a mighty tree, one hundred fifteen feet high. Its fossil remains have been found in Miocene rocks of Greenland and Alaska and in Cretaceous formations in Nebraska. "Diospyros virginiana" is believed to be an evolutionary remnant that was consumed by the megafauna that roamed the North American continent until


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: 10,000 years ago and would have eaten the fruit, assisting in its dispersal. A 2015 study supports the notion that elephants would have been a more effective disperser of the seeds than living North American mammals. The peculiar characteristics of its fruit have made the tree well known. This fruit is a globular berry, with variation in the number of seeds, sometimes with eight and sometimes without any. It bears at its apex the remnants of the styles and sits in the enlarged and persistent calyx. It ripens in late autumn, is pale orange with a red cheek, often covered


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: with a slight glaucous bloom. One joke among Southerners is to induce strangers to taste unripe persimmon fruit, as its very astringent bitterness is shocking to those unfamiliar with it. The peculiar astringency of the fruit is due to the presence of a tannin similar to that of "cinchona". The seeds were used as buttons during the American Civil War. The fruit is high in vitamin C. The unripe fruit is extremely astringent. The ripe fruit may be eaten raw, cooked or dried. Molasses can be made from the fruit pulp. A tea can be made from the leaves and


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: the roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute. Other popular uses include desserts such as persimmon pie, persimmon pudding, or persimmon candy. The fruit is also fermented with hops, cornmeal or wheat bran into a sort of beer or made into brandy. The wood is heavy, strong and very close-grained and used in woodturning. The tree prefers light, sandy, well-drained soil, but will grow in rich, southern, bottom lands. It can be grown in northern Ohio only with the greatest of care, and in southern Ohio its fruit is never edible until after frost. The tree is greatly inclined


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: to vary in the character and quality of its fruit, in size this varies from that of a large cherry to a small apple. Some trees in the south produce fruit that is delicious without the action of the frost, while adjoining trees produce fruit that never becomes edible. It was brought to England before 1629 and is cultivated, but rarely if ever ripens its fruit. It is easily raised from seed and can also be propagated from stolons, which are often produced in great quantity. The tree is hardy in the south of England and in the Channel Islands.


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: In respect to the power of making heartwood, the persimmon rarely develops any heartwood until it is nearly one hundred years old. This heartwood is extremely close-grained and almost black, resembling ebony (of which it is a true variety). It is a common misconception persimmon fruit needs frost to ripen and soften, called bletting. Some, such as the early-ripening varieties "pieper" and "NC21"(also known as "supersweet"), easily lose astringency and become completely free of it when slightly soft at the touch—these are then very sweet, even in the British climate. On the other hand, some varieties (like the very large


title: "Diospyros virginiana" content: fruited "yates", which is a late ripening variety) remain astringent even when the fruit has become completely soft (at least in the British climate). Frost, however, destroys the cells within the fruit, causing it to rot instead of ripen. Only completely ripe and soft fruit can stand some frost; it will then dry and become even sweeter (hence the misconception). The same goes for the Oriental persimmon ("Diospyros kaki"), where early frost can severely damage a fruit crop. Diospyros virginiana Diospyros virginiana is a persimmon species commonly called the American persimmon, common persimmon, eastern persimmon, "simmon", "possumwood", "possum apples", or


title: "Myrmecia (ant)" content: colony of "M. pyriformis" without a queen was collected in 1998 and kept in captivity, during which time the gamergates produced viable workers for three years. Ovarian dissections showed that three workers of this colony mated with males and produced female workers. Queens have bigger ovaries than the workers, with 44 ovarioles while workers have 8 to 14. Spermatheca is present in "M. gulosa" workers, based on eight dissected individuals showing a spermatheca structurally similar to those found in queens. These spermathecas did not have any sperm. Why the queen was not replaced is still unknown. While most ants have


title: "Centro Superior de Información de la Defensa" content: Emilio Alonso Manglano. Observers speculated, however, that Manglano, who had held the post since 1981, eventually would be succeeded by a civilian. Employing about 2,000 individuals as of 1988, CESID was staffed primarily by the military, supplemented by 500 members of the Civil Guard and by 80 plainclothes police. About 30 percent of the members of the staff were civilians, said to be selected usually from among close relatives of military officers. Women had been confined largely to administrative tasks, but they were increasingly being entrusted with operational assignments. The principal operating units were domestic intelligence; foreign intelligence; counterintelligence; economics


title: "Takht-e Soleymān" content: Takht-e Soleymān Takht-e Soleymān (), also known as Azar Goshnasp (), literally ""the Fire of the Warriors"", is an archaeological site in West Azarbaijan, Iran. It lies midway between Urmia and Hamadan, very near the present-day town of Takab, and west of Tehran. The fortified site, which is located on a hill created by the outflow of a calcium-rich spring pond, was recognized as a World Heritage Site in July 2003. The citadel includes the remains of a Zoroastrian fire temple built during the Sassanid period and partially rebuilt (as a mosque) during the Ilkhanid period. This temple housed one


title: "Rod McKuen" content: Gently", "Doesn't Anybody Know My Name", "The Importance of the Rose", "Without a Worry in the World", and "Soldiers Who Want to Be Heroes". In 1971, McKuen became popular in the Netherlands, where the singles "Soldiers Who Want to Be Heroes" and "Without a Worry in the World" reached number one in the charts, as did the album "Greatest Hits, Vol. 3". All three discs earned him gold records; he was voted Holland's most popular entertainer. During the 1970s, McKuen began composing larger-scale orchestral compositions, writing a series of concertos, suites, symphonies, and chamber pieces for orchestra. His piece "The


title: "Michael Turner (comics)" content: Cow and before his diagnosis of cancer. Aspen and Top Cow settled the lawsuit out of court in 2003. In 2004 Turner contributed covers to various DC Comics titles, including "The Flash" and "Identity Crisis". He provided cover art and co-wrote the "Godfall" story arc that ran in the three main "Superman" titles in early 2004 and illustrated the six-issue Supergirl story arc in "Superman/Batman." His creator-owned title "Soulfire" began publication in 2004 and "Fathom" resumed publication in that year as well, though this time with Aspen MLT rather than Top Cow. On August 6, 2005, Marvel Comics announced the


title: Ataxia-telangiectasia content: [V(D)J recombination process]. This process requires them to make DSBs, which are difficult to repair in the absence of ATM. As a result, most people with A-T have reduced numbers of lymphocytes and some impairment of lymphocyte function (such as an impaired ability to make antibodies in response to vaccines or infections). In addition, broken pieces of DNA in chromosomes involved in the above-mentioned rearrangements have a tendency to recombine with other genes (translocation), making the cells prone to the development of cancer (lymphoma and leukemia). Cells from people with A-T demonstrate genomic instability, slow growth and premature senescence in


title: "Scottish national identity" content: though it was not really Scottish at all. As a contrast, or perhaps a reaction to this, an entirely different literary "school" erupted in the late 19th century: the Kailyard. Along with Tartanry, Kailyard has come to represent a "cultural sub-nationalism". The Kailyard literature, and the garish symbols of Tartanry, fortified each other and became a sort of substitute for nationalism. The parochialism of the Kailyard, and the myths of an irreversible past of the Tartanry, came to represent a politically impotent nationalism. One of the first to recognise this "lack of teeth" was the poet Hugh MacDiarmid. MacDiarmid, both


title: "Hounslow Town tube station" content: 1912. The current bus station and garage occupy the same site. A plaque in front of the bus garage gives a brief history of the old Underground station. Hounslow Town tube station Hounslow Town was a London Underground station located in Hounslow, west London. It was first opened in 1883 by the District Railway, the precursor to today's District line, on a branch line which is now disused. The station was situated at the eastern end of Hounslow High Street, at the junction with Kingsley Road. It closed permanently in 1909. Its site is now occupied by Hounslow bus garage.


title: Zytglogge content: Zytglogge The Zytglogge ( ) is a landmark medieval tower in Bern, Switzerland. Built in the early 13th century, it has served the city as guard tower, prison, clock tower, centre of urban life and civic memorial. Despite the many redecorations and renovations it has undergone in its 800 years of existence, the Zytglogge is one of Bern's most recognisable symbols and, with its 15th-century astronomical clock, a major tourist attraction. It is a heritage site of national significance, and part of the Old City of Bern, a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. When it was built around 1218–20, the


title: Zytglogge content: Zytglogge served as the gate tower of Bern's western fortifications. These were erected after the city's first westward expansion following its "de facto" independence from the Empire. At that time, the Zytglogge was a squat building of only in height. When the rapid growth of the city and the further expansion of the fortifications (up to the Käfigturm) relegated the tower to second-line status at around 1270–75, it was heightened by to overlook the surrounding houses. Only after the city's western defences were extended again in 1344–46 up to the now-destroyed Christoffelturm, the Zytglogge was converted to a women's prison,


title: Zytglogge content: notably housing "Pfaffendirnen" – "priests' whores", women convicted of sexual relations with clerics. At this time, the Zytglogge also received its first slanted roof. In the great fire of 1405, the tower burnt out completely. It suffered severe structural damage that required thorough repairs, which were not complete until after the last restoration in 1983. The prison cells were abandoned and a clock was first installed above the gate in the early 15th century, probably including a simple astronomical clock and musical mechanism. This clock, together with the great bell cast in 1405, gave the Zytglogge its name, which in


title: Zytglogge content: Bernese German means "time bell". In the late 15th century, the Zytglogge and the other Bernese gate towers were extended and decorated after the Burgundian Romantic fashion. The Zytglogge received a new lantern (including the metal bellman visible today), four decorative corner towerlets, heraldic decorations and probably its stair tower. The astronomical clock was extended to its current state. In 1527–30, the clockwork was completely rebuilt by Kaspar Brunner, and the gateway was overarched to provide a secure foundation for the heavy machinery. The Zytglogge's exterior was repainted by Gotthard Ringgli and Kaspar Haldenstein in 1607–10, who introduced the large


title: Zytglogge content: clock faces that now dominate the east and west façades of the tower. The corner towerlets were removed again some time before 1603. In 1770–71, the Zytglogge was renovated by Niklaus Hebler and Ludwig Emanuel Zehnder, who refurbished the structure in order to suit the tastes of the late Baroque, giving the tower its contemporary outline. Both façades were again repainted in the Rococo style by Rudolf von Steiger in 1890. The idealising historicism of the design came to be disliked in the 20th century, and a 1929 competition produced the façade designs visible today: on the west façade, Victor


title: Zytglogge content: Surbek's fresco "Beginning of Time" and on the east façade, a reconstruction of the 1770 design by Kurt Indermühle. In 1981–83, the Zytglogge was thoroughly renovated again and generally restored to its 1770 appearance. In the advent season and from Easter until the end of October, it is illuminated after dusk. The Bernese German "Zytglogge" translates to "Zeitglocke" in Standard German and to "time bell" in English; 'Glocke' means 'bell' in German, as in the related term 'glockenspiel'. A "time bell" was one of the earliest public timekeeping devices, consisting of a clockwork connected to a hammer that rang a


title: Zytglogge content: small bell at the full hour. Such a device was installed in the "Wendelstein" in Bern – the tower of the "Leutkirche" church which the Münster later replaced – in 1383 at the latest; it alerted the bell-ringer to ring the tower bells. The name of "Zytglogge" was first recorded in 1413. Previously, the tower was referred to as the "kebie" ("cage", i.e., prison) and after its post-1405 reconstruction, the "nüwer turm" ("new tower"). The Zytglogge has an overall height of , and a height of up to the roof-edge. Its rectangular floor plan measures . The wall strengths vary


title: Zytglogge content: widely, ranging from in the west, where the tower formed part of the city walls, to in the east. The outward appearance of the Zytglogge is determined by the 1770 renovation. Only the late Gothic cornice below the roof and the stair tower are visible artifacts of the tower's earlier history. The main body of the tower is divided into the two-storey plinth, whose exterior is made of alpine limestone, and the three-storey tower shaft sheathed in sandstone. The shaft's seemingly massive corner blocks are decorative fixtures held in place by visible iron hooks. Below the roof, the cornice spans


title: Zytglogge content: around the still-visible bases of the former corner towerlets. The two-story attic is covered by the sweeping, red-tiled, late Gothic spire, in which two spire lights are set to the West and East. They are crowned by ornamental urns with pinecone knobs reconstructed in 1983 from 18th-century drawings. From atop the spire, the wooden pinnacle, copper-sheathed since 1930, rises an additional into the skies, crowned with a gilded knob and a weather vane displaying a cut-out coat of arms of Bern. The tower's two namesake bronze bells hang in the cupola at its very top. The great hour bell, cast


title: Zytglogge content: by Johann Reber, has remained unchanged since the tower's reconstruction in 1405. It has a diameter of , a weight of and rings with a nominal tone of "e"'. The inscription on the bell reads, in Latin: "In the October month of the year 1405 I was cast by Master John called Reber of Aarau. I am vessel and wax, and to all I tell the hours of the day." When the great bell rings out every full hour, struck by a large clockwork-operated hammer, passers-by see a gilded figure in full harness moving its arm to strike it. The


title: Zytglogge content: larger-than-life figure of bearded Chronos, the Greek personification of time, is traditionally nicknamed "Hans von Thann" by the Bernese. The wooden bell-striker, which has been replaced several times, has been a fixture of the Zytglogge since the renewal of the astronomical clock in 1530, whose clockwork also controls the figure's motions. The original wooden "Chronos" might have been created by master craftsman Albrecht von Nürnberg, while the current and most recent "Hans" is a 1930 reconstruction of a Baroque original. The bell-striker has been gilded, just like the bells, since 1770. Below the hour bell hangs the smaller quarter-hour bell,


title: Zytglogge content: also rung by a clockwork hammer. It was cast in 1887 to replace the cracked 1486 original. Both principal façades, East and West, are dominated by massive clockfaces. The Zytglogge's first clockface was likely located on the plinth, but was moved up to the center of the shaft during the tower's 15th-century reconfiguration. The eastern clock face features an outer ring of large golden Roman numerals, on which the larger hand indicates the hour, and an inner ring on which the smaller hand indicates the minutes. The golden sun on the hour hand is pivot-mounted so that it always faces


title: Zytglogge content: up. Below the clock face one sees an idealised profile of city founder Duke Berchtold V of Zähringen. While the exact decoration of the clockface has varied from renovation to renovation, the current (post-1983) layout is generally that of 1770. The western clock face has similar hands, but is an integral part of Victor Surbek's 1929 fresco "Beginning of Time". The painting depicts Chronos swooping down with cape fluttering, and, below the clockface, Adam and Eve's eviction from Paradise by an angel. The dial of the Zytglogge's astronomical clock is built in the form of an astrolabe. It is backed


title: Zytglogge content: by a stereographically projected planisphere divided into three zones: the black night sky, the deep blue zone of dawn and the light blue day sky. The skies are crisscrossed with the golden lines of the horizon, dawn, the tropics and the temporal hours, which divide the time of daylight into twelve hours whose length varies with the time of year. Around the planisphere moves the "rete", a web-like metal cutout representing the zodiac, which also features a Julian calendar dial. Above the "rete", a display indicates the day of the week. Because leap days are not supported by the clockwork,


title: Zytglogge content: the calendar hand has to be reset manually each leap year on 29 February. A moon dial circles the inner ring of the zodiac, displaying the moon phase. The principal hand of the clock indicates the time of day on the outer ring of 24 golden Roman numerals, which run twice from I to XII. It features two suns, the smaller one indicating the date on the "rete"'s calendar dial. The larger one circles the zodiac at one revolution per year and also rotates across the planisphere once per day. Its crossing of the horizon and dawn lines twice per


title: Zytglogge content: day allows the timing of sunrise, dawn, dusk and sunset. The painted frieze above the astronomical clock shows five deities from classical antiquity, each representing both a day of the week and a planet in their order according to Ptolemaic cosmology. From left to right, they are: Saturn with sickle and club for Saturday, Jupiter with thunderbolts for Thursday, Mars with sword and shield for Tuesday, Venus with Cupid for Friday and Mercury with staff and bag for Wednesday. The painting of the entire clock area was refurbished in 1983. Only the matte areas on the clock face are from