title: "Chimaphila maculata" content: are found on top of tall stalks. They are white or pinkish and are insect pollinated. The flowers mature to small (6 to 8 mm in diameter) capsules bearing the seeds of the plant, which are dispersed by the wind. It can be found in sandy habitats, well-drained upland forests, oak-pine woods, and similar mesic habitats. It is very tolerant of acidic soil. "The Creek Indians called it 'pipsisikweu' -- which means 'breaks into small pieces' -- after the supposed ability to break down gallstones and kidney stones. ... Native Americans used its leaf tea to treat rheumatism and stomach


title: "Chimaphila maculata" content: problems, and crushed leaves were applied as a poultice to sores and wounds." Spotted wintergreen is endangered in Canada, as there are four living populations in southern Ontario, and there is one extremely small extant population in Quebec. It is also endangered in Illinois and Maine. In New York it is considered Exploitably Vulnerable. Chimaphila maculata Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen, also called striped wintergreen, striped prince's pine, spotted pipsissewa, ratsbane, or rheumatism root) is a small (10–25 cm tall), perennial evergreen herb native to eastern North America and Central America, from southern Quebec west to Illinois, and south to Florida


title: "Belle Glade culture" content: fish and fresh water mollusks. While maize may have been cultivated, it was no more than a minor component of the diet. Belle Glade culture The Belle Glade culture, or Okeechobee culture, is an archaeological culture that existed from as early as 1000 BCE until about 1700 in the area surrounding Lake Okeechobee and in the Kissimmee River valley in the U.S. state of Florida. Major archaeological sites of the Belle Glade culture include Belle Glade Mound, Big Mound City, the Boynton Mound complex, Fort Center, Ortona Mound and Tony's Mound. The Belle Glade site, west of the city of


title: "Southern toad" content: Southern toad The southern toad ("Bufo terrestris" or "Anaxyrus terrestris") is a true toad native to the southeastern United States, from eastern Louisiana and southeastern Virginia south to Florida. It often lives in areas with sandy soils. It is nocturnal and spends the day in a burrow. Its coloring is usually brown but can be red, gray, or black. It is approximately 8 cm (3 inches) long. The southern toad is a medium-sized, plump species with a snout-to-vent length of up to with females being slightly larger than males. The most obvious distinguishing feature is the knobs on the head


title: "Southern toad" content: and the backward-pointing spurs that extends as far as the paratoid glands. The dorsal surface is covered with warts, some of which may be spiny. The color of the head, back and sides varies from brick red to mottled grey, brown and black while the underparts are pale, sometimes with dark spots on the chest. The southern toad is found on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Its range extends from southern Virginia to Florida and Louisiana and there are two isolated populations on the Piedmont plateau and the Blue Ridge Mountains in South Carolina. The southern toad


title: "Southern toad" content: is nocturnal and lives in a burrow by day, or sometimes hides under a log or pile of debris. It occurs in woodland in cultivated land and gardens and sometimes stands beneath outdoor lights at night to pick up the attracted insects that fall to the ground. In winter it may become inactive and remain in its burrow for extended periods. Breeding starts in spring when the males migrate from their upland habitats to the lowland pools, ditches, swamps and the margins of lakes where they breed. Heavy rain triggers large numbers of males to congregate and call, forming choruses.


title: "Southern toad" content: Each female lays a clutch of up to 4,000 eggs and the water may be thick with spawn. The eggs hatch and the tadpoles take 30 to 55 days to develop before undergoing metamorphosis into juvenile toads about long. The tadpoles feed on algae which they scrape from underwater vegetation. Adults are carnivorous and feed on any small invertebrates they can find. The southern toad has a wide range and is common in much of that range, though it has become scarce in Florida in areas where the cane toad has become established. In general it is an adaptable species


title: "Southern toad" content: and faces no particular threats, the population seems stable and the IUCN has listed it as being of "least concern". Southern toads are sometimes exploited by the pet trade. Southern toad The southern toad ("Bufo terrestris" or "Anaxyrus terrestris") is a true toad native to the southeastern United States, from eastern Louisiana and southeastern Virginia south to Florida. It often lives in areas with sandy soils. It is nocturnal and spends the day in a burrow. Its coloring is usually brown but can be red, gray, or black. It is approximately 8 cm (3 inches) long. The southern toad is


title: "Marble Bridge" content: Marble Bridge The Siberian Marble Gallery is a bridge near Saint Petersburg, Russia. It connects the Swan Islands — an artificial archipelago of seven islets in the landscape park of Tsarskoe Selo — spanning a rivulet flowing between several ponds. The bridge was modelled after the Palladian Bridge (1736) in the park of Wilton House, in England, and served as a showcase for Ural marble. All the details of the bridge — including the granite Ionic colonnade — were produced in Yekaterinburg, transported to Tsarskoe Selo and then assembled in the workshop of Vincenzo Tortori in 1774. It is probably


title: "Marble Bridge" content: called Siberian due to its construction with marble from the Urals. Marble Bridge The Siberian Marble Gallery is a bridge near Saint Petersburg, Russia. It connects the Swan Islands — an artificial archipelago of seven islets in the landscape park of Tsarskoe Selo — spanning a rivulet flowing between several ponds. The bridge was modelled after the Palladian Bridge (1736) in the park of Wilton House, in England, and served as a showcase for Ural marble. All the details of the bridge — including the granite Ionic colonnade — were produced in Yekaterinburg, transported to Tsarskoe Selo and then assembled


title: "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso" content: the time. There was no Catholic church in El Paso proper before 1881. Often Catholics from El Paso boarded a hand-pulled ferry to attend mass at Our Lady of Guadalupe in Juárez. When the see of Santa Fe was elevated to an Archdiocese, the El Paso area was transferred to the newly created Vicariate Apostolic of Arizona in 1868. In the 1880s the new railroad lines in El Paso created a population boom and in 1882 lots were purchased on North Oregon Street as a site for the first Catholic church in El Paso, known as St. Mary's or Holy


title: "Beech Bend Park" content: Tennessee. Garvin's health was also in steady decline. When he died in 1979, the park closed, though the racing facilities stayed open under a lease agreement to a third-party operator. The park was purchased by an ownership group that included country music singer Ronnie Milsap, which operated it unsuccessfully in 1981 and 1982. Jim Varney's first television commercial as character Ernest P. Worrell was for Beech Bend. Varney's character was advertising an appearance by the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders in 1980. The park closed again, with ownership reverting to Garvin's heirs. In 1984, Dallas and Alfreda Jones purchased the racetracks and


title: "Myeongdong Cathedral" content: of Nursia while another side chapel features patron saint Andrew Kim Taegon and French Bishop "Bum-Se-Hyeong", born as Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert, whom local devotees have dressed in the national costume of Korea. Stained glass windows depict the Nativity of Jesus and Adoration of the Magi, Jesus with the Twelve Apostles, and the Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary. The windows were restored to their original condition in 1982 by artist Lee Nam-gyu. The crypt of the cathedral lies directly beneath the main altar. The crypt contains the relics of nine Korean Church martyrs. Two of the martyrs' identities are unknown. The remaining


title: "Kerryn Phelps" content: mainstream media in 1985, bringing messages about healthy lifestyle to the attention of the general public. Her television credits include "EveryBody", "Good Morning Australia", the "Today Show", a documentary on the Kokoda Track campaign and Last Chance Surgery. She has been the subject of stories on "60 Minutes", "Australian Story" and "This Is Your Life". Phelps has presented a variety of health and fitness programs on radio and has been a regular newspaper and magazine columnist. In 1992, she was a regular on the sex education program "Sex" on the Nine Network. In 1999, Phelps was elected president of the


title: "History of sound recording" content: consumer-level digital data storage, the continuing trend towards increasing capacity and falling costs means that consumers can now acquire and store vast quantities of high-quality digital media (audio, video, games and other applications), and build up media libraries consisting of tens or even hundreds of thousands of songs, albums, or videos — collections which, for all but the wealthiest, would have been both physically and financially impossible to amass in such quantities if they were on 78 or LP, yet which can now be contained on storage devices no larger than the average hardcover book. The Digital Audio File marked


title: "Automeris io" content: Automeris io Automeris io, the Io moth, is a colorful North American moth in the family Saturniidae. It ranges from the southeast corner of Manitoba and in the southern extremes of Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick in Canada, and in the US it is found from Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, east of those states and down to the southern end of Florida. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. Imagines (sexually mature, reproductive stage) have a wingspan of 2.5–3.5 inches (63–88 mm). This species is sexually dimorphic, males having


title: "Automeris io" content: bright yellow forewings, body, and legs, while females have reddish-brown forewings, body, and legs. The males also have much bigger plumose (feathery) antennae than the females. Both have one big black to bluish eyespot with some white in the center, on each hindwing, a defense mechanism meant to frighten off potential predators, especially when the moth is sitting in the head-down position. Adults live 1–2 weeks. Females lay small, white ova in the leaves of host plants, including: The eggs have large micropyle rosettes that turn black as the fertile eggs develop. They are usually laid in clusters of more


title: "Automeris io" content: than twenty. From the eggs, orange larvae emerge, usually eating their egg shell soon after hatching. They go through five instars, each one being a little different. The caterpillars are gregarious in all their instars, many times traveling in single file processions all over the food plant. As the larvae develop, they will lose their orange color and will turn bright green and urticating, having many spines. These stinging spines have a very painful venom that is released with the slightest touch; a condition known as erucism. The green caterpillars have two lateral stripes, the upper one being bright red


title: "Automeris io" content: and the lower one being white. When the caterpillars are ready, they spin a flimsy, valveless cocoon made from a dark, coarse silk. Some larvae will crawl to the base of the tree and make their cocoons among leaf litter on the ground, while others will use living leaves to wrap their cocoons with. The leaves will turn brown and fall to the ground during autumn, taking the cocoons with them. There they pupate, the pupa being dark brown/black. The pupae of the females are considerably larger than those of the males. Adult moths normally emerge from their cocoons in


title: "Automeris io" content: late morning or early afternoon. Eclosion (emergence from the cocoon) only takes a few minutes. After eclosing, the moths climb and hang on plants so that their furled wings can be inflated with fluid (hemolymph) pumped from the body. This inflation process takes about twenty minutes. Adult moths are strictly nocturnal, flying generally only during the first few hours of the night (Fullard & Napoleone 2001). The females generally wait until nightfall and then extend a scent gland from the posterior region of the abdomen, in order attract males via wind-borne pheromones. The males use their much bigger antennae to


title: "Automeris io" content: track down the females. After mating, the females lay eggs then wait to die. These moths, like all moths in the family Saturniidae, have vestigial mouthparts and do not eat in the adult stage. Automeris io Automeris io, the Io moth, is a colorful North American moth in the family Saturniidae. It ranges from the southeast corner of Manitoba and in the southern extremes of Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick in Canada, and in the US it is found from Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, east of those states and down to the southern


title: "Geoff Stephens" content: Walker ("Lights of Cincinnati"), Dana ("It's Gonna Be a Cold Cold Christmas"), The Drifters ("Like Sister And Brother"), Crystal Gayle ("It's Like We Never Said Goodbye"), Hot Chocolate ("I'll Put You Together Again"), Sue and Sunny and Carol Douglas ("Doctor's Orders") and, most successfully of all, UK number one hits for David Soul ("Silver Lady") and The New Seekers (the Ivor Novello Award-winning, "You Won't Find Another Fool Like Me"). In 1972, his joint composition with Peter Callander of "Daddy Don't You Walk So Fast", was recorded by Wayne Newton. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a


title: "Bad Iburg" content: in Gothic Revival architecture contains a pietà from 1420. St. Clemens in the castle complex was the church of theBenedictine monastery. A hagioscope was rediscovered. The Evangelische Schlosskirche which is also situated in the castle complex is the only Lutheran church in Bad Iburg. The Jagdschlösschen (hunting château), also known as Altes Forsthaus Freudenthal, was erected in 1595 by prince bishop Philipp Sigismund von Wolfenbüttel. The Schlossmühle, the castle's mill, was also erected by Philipp Sigismund. The Gografenhof, a classicism building, is used as the town hall since 1967. The kurhaus (spa facility/ resort) was opened in 1967 and torn


title: "Lyman Kirkpatrick" content: for a leadership role in the organization when he contracted polio during a 1952 trip to Asia on agency business. He was left paralyzed from the waist down in 1953 and spent the rest of his career in a wheelchair. After Kirkpatrick returned from hospitalization, Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles named him inspector general of the CIA, a post he held until 1961. Richard Helms, another intelligence officer, had been appointed director of covert operations, a job that Kirkpatrick had been expected to assume. As inspector general he traveled overseas on inspection tours, despite his wheelchair, and performed liaison


title: "James Colgate Cleveland" content: Paterson, Lincoln Mather, and Susan Sclater. Cleveland's wife became a professor at Colby–Sawyer College. James Colgate Cleveland James Colgate Cleveland (June 13, 1920 – December 3, 1995) was an American politician in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. He served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1963 to 1981. Cleveland was born in Montclair, Essex County, New Jersey. He attended Deerfield Academy in Deerfield, Massachusetts before graduating from Colgate University in Hamilton, New York in 1942. He then attended Yale Law School as a graduate student. His time at Yale was interrupted when he


title: "Getsumento Heiki Mina" content: The alter ego of Nakoru Hazemi. Minazuki Miina's thematic food is tomatoes, giving her two high-tech machines in the appearance of tomatoes, she also has a small tomato baton. She is shown to use the machines as a bomb launcher. Her Miina costume is a short-sleeved school uniform (which is noted to look almost identical to her typical school uniform) with red shoes and two brown belts. The alter ego of Yuu Takanashi. Her thematic food is cherries, thus she gains a pair of high tech machines that look like cherries. She uses them as bomb launchers. Unlike the others,


title: Juramentado content: culture-specific syndromes while others draw distinctions of religious preparation and state of mind. A Moro might be said to have "gone juramentado" or be "running juramentado." U.S. Army officers who had served in Moroland incorporated the idiom into their own vocabulary, but often simply equated it with the Moro people as a whole. In his memoirs, Army Air Service advocate Benjamin D. Foulois said of volatile rival Army Air Service officer Billy Mitchell, "He had become fanatic much in the way that the Moros were in the Philippines. He had become a "juramentado" and was ready to run amok." The


title: "Internal mail" content: requests are low priority. Sometimes additional trays are used for post, filing, dictation, etc. according to the needs of the individual or organisation. This person usually works independently and is responsible for a company's incoming and outgoing mail. They are in charge of the mailroom and all of the employees that work there. A person who works in a mailroom is known as a mailroom clerk, mailroom operator or post room operator. A mailroom clerk deals with the preparation of packaged goods, letters, and other mail for shipping by the local post office or by an independent shipping service. A


title: W87 content: Alamos National Laboratory. The weapons were refurbished for a lifespan by the National Nuclear Security Administration's Life Extension Program. The W87 design includes all modern safety features, including insensitive high explosives LX-17 and PBX-9502 (primary component TATB), a fire-resistant pit, and advanced arming and fuzing safety features. The original yield of the W87 was 300 kilotons, but has the announced ability to be upgraded to a yield of 475 kilotons, presumably by using more HEU in the fusion secondary stage tamper. It is not known if that upgrade was completely tested and ready to implement, or merely designed. The exact


title: "Lucian Bute" content: the aggressor and Bute played the role of counter-puncher, as had been the case in the first fight. HBO's unofficial scorecard had Bute up 30-27 after the 3rd round. In round 4, Bute sliped an overhand right from Andrade and landed a heavy left hand to the jaw sending him heavily to the canvas. Andrade beat the count but was soon caught by a left hook to the body that sent him down for the count at 2:57 of round 4. On April 17, 2010, Bute stopped Edison Miranda at 1:22 of the third round to retain his IBF Super


title: "Rio Rita (1929 film)" content: Ranger Jim cuts the craft's ropes so that it drifts north of the Rio Grande. The Texas Rangers storm the barge, arrest Ravenoff as the real Kinkajou just in time to prevent the wedding, and Roberto is revealed to be a member of the Mexican Secret Service. Jim takes Rita's hand in marriage and Roberto escorts Ravenoff back to Mexico for trial. "Rio Rita" was a box-office success. Earning an estimated profit of $935,000, it was RKO's biggest grossing film of 1929. It was generally well received by critics. "Photoplay" praised it as nearly "the finest of the screen musicals"


title: "The Face of the Enemy (novel)" content: Dalek time machine, the Master builds a device which will enable three travellers to follow the phase shifts to their source. Ian, Yates and Benton use the device and are transported to a radioactive plain, where they see the prototype NASA shuttle coming in for a landing—with an unfamiliar flag on its side. When they return to Faslane with their story, the Master soon guesses that they were transported to a parallel timeline. The Brigadier sends to UNIT HQ for the file on the Inferno incident, in which the Doctor travelled to such a timeline, only to find that it


title: "Scott Fredericks" content: Scott Fredericks Scott Fredericks (15 March 1943 – 6 November 2017) was an Irish actor best known for his roles on British television. Born Frederick Wehrly in County Sligo to Edward, a businessman (Wehrly Bros Limited) of German descent, and Ann (née Shaw) Wehrly, he later adopted the name Scott Fredericks. He appeared in the "Doctor Who" serials "Day of the Daleks" (as Boaz) and "Image of the Fendahl" (as Max Stael). Other credits include "Blake's 7" (episode "Weapon"), "Z-Cars", "Sutherland's Law", "Dixon of Dock Green", and "Triangle". He also appeared in such feature films as "Dad's Army" (1971), "See


title: "Stephen Cluxton" content: to 0–15. He captained Dublin to win the replay on a scoreline of 1–15 to 1–14. In 2017, Dublin were narrowly defeated in the National League final by Kerry by a single point. Dublin then went on to win a record seven Leinster titles in-a-row. On 17 September, Cluxton again captained Dublin to a historic 3-in-a-row All-Ireland titles with another narrow 1–17 to 1–16 victory against Mayo. Having been outplayed in the first half, the Dubs turned the game around to win a thrilling game courtesy of a 75th-minute Dean Rock free. Cluxton started in six of Dublin's games during


title: "Mats Qviberg" content: Mats Qviberg Mats Qviberg (born 1953 in Stockholm) is a Swedish businessman. Together with his close business partner Sven Hagströmer, Qviberg is in control of a group of companies which include Hagströmer & Qviberg and Investment AB Öresund. Mats Qviberg was born in central Stockholm. His father worked at a factory owned by General Motors. Qviberg went to school in Bromma outside the city centre and completed his military service in Strängnäs. He graduated with a degree in business from Stockholm School of Economics. Qviberg started his career with Swedish bank SEB, where he became a stockbroker in 1981. He


title: "Rugby union in Spain" content: the sport's Basque and Catalan heartlands, hindered its development. The earliest recorded game in Spain was in 1901, when an Englishman, Stuart Nicholson, resident in Bilbao, However, rugby lay largely dormant in the country until after the end of World War I, when rugby was reintroduced into Spain from the south of France, particularly Provence and the French Basque Country. In 1921, Baudilio Aleu Torres, a Catalan, who had been studying veterinary medicine in Toulouse, returned to his native Barcelona, and founded the Santboiana Club there. Santboiana's pitch was cleared by the players themselves, and according to Huw Richards, "a


title: "Chester Burleigh Watts" content: Chester Burleigh Watts Chester Burleigh Watts (October 27, 1889 – July 17, 1971) was an American astronomer. He was born in Winchester, Indiana and he attended the Indiana University where he studied astronomy. In 1911 he joined the United States Naval Observatory, but returned to Indiana to complete his B.A. and graduated in 1914. Thereupon he rejoined the Naval Observatory, and began working in the 6" Transit Circle Division. Except for a stint in the Time Service Division (1915-1919), he would remain with the transit circle department for the remainder of his career. In 1934 he became director of the


title: "Graeme Edge" content: Janna Woman'), and backing vocals by fellow Moodies member Ray Thomas. This first album reached No. 107 in the US on the "Billboard" chart. Their second album was "Paradise Ballroom" in 1977, on the main Decca label, catalogue number TXS 121, and in the US on the London Records label, catalogue number PS 686 The album charted in the US reaching No. 164 on the "Billboard" chart. It was also released as a gatefold with album art by Joe Petagno, again featuring Adrian and Paul Gurvitz. He also appeared as himself in the 2016 film comedy Characterz. A single, "Everybody


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: Madikwe Game Reserve The Madikwe Game Reserve is a protected area in South Africa, part of the latest park developments in the country. Named after the Madikwe or Marico River, on whose basin it is located, it was opened in 1991 and comprises 750 km² of bushland north of the small town Groot-Marico up to the Botswana border. Madikwe Game Reserve lies 90 km north of Zeerust on what used to be farm land, but owing to the poor soil type, farming was not that successful. After extensive research, the South African Government found that this land would best be


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: utilised as a national park, to economically uplift this otherwise rather poor area. The process reintroducing wildlife to the area began in 1992 under the codename Operation Phoenix which relocated entire breeding herds of elephants, Cape buffaloes, south-central black rhinos and southern white rhinos along with various species of antelopes. Following Operation Phoenix, Madikwe has also successfully reintroduce rarer predatory species such as lions, cheetahs, spotted hyenas and Cape wild dogs bringing the total large mammal population of the reserve to over 10 000. There are currently more than 60 species of mammal in the park. The reserve has recently


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: opened itself up to private farms outside the main reserve. Private users need to abide by parks board rules, animals can roam over any land, but there are restrictions as to where private vehicles can drive. There are 30 lodges on the property, and six lodges in the private farms outside the main reserve. Madikwe has started Community Lodges, which the local villages own and run. All profits are then used to uplift the communities. It is currently the fifth largest game reserve in South Africa and yet not widely known. The park is now 680 km² by itself, and


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: 750 km², including the now incorporated privately owned land. The terrain is mainly open grasslands and bushveld plains, interspersed with rocky outcrops and single mountains. Madikwe has been regarded as one of the better conservation areas in Africa, offering all the major species, including lion, leopards, elephants, Cape buffaloes, both white and black rhinos along with almost all the plains antelope species. A special feature of Madikwe lies in its unique location, a transition zone on the edges of the Kalahari, where a number of rare species occur naturally, and the bushveld. The climate is generally mild to hot, but


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: winter nights can be cold. Over 350 species of birds have been recorded at Madikwe. The reserve is relatively close to Pilanesberg Game Reserve and there is currently a two-year scheme between the two protected areas that will eventually lead to there being a corridor between the two parks. Madikwe forms part of a semi-arid region on the edge of the Kalahari desert. In this region the climate can be broken into the rainy season (October – April) and the dry season (May – September). Summers overlap with the rainy season. Temperatures are high (32 °C / 90 °F) with


title: "Madikwe Game Reserve" content: cooling thunderstorms common in the late afternoon, evenings are mild (18 °C / 64 °F). Winters here are dry, with mild days (21 °C / 70 °F) and chilly nights (3 °C / 37 °F). Game viewing is good at all times of the year though most animals tend to congregate around available water sources during the winter. Federal Air operates charter flights to OR Tambo International Airport from the airstrips in both the north and south of Madikwe. The flight takes about 55 minutes. Alternatively, the drive from Johanesburg is about 5 hours. "(listed alphabetically)" Madikwe Game Reserve The


title: "Economic history of Mexico" content: was more widespread in the north, with its vast expanses and little access to water. Spaniards imported seeds for production of wheat for their own consumption. Both Spaniards and Indians produced native products commercially, particular the color-fast red dye cochineal, as well as the fermented juice of the maguey cactus, pulque. In the early colonial period Mexico was briefly a silk producer. When the transpacific trade with Manila developed in the late sixteenth century, the finer quality Asian silks out-competed locally produced ones. The bulk of luxury yard goods were imported from northern Europe via Spain. For rough cloth for


title: "5-HT2A receptor" content: been called just HTR2 until the description of two related genes "HTR2B" and "HTR2C". Several interesting polymorphisms have been identified for HTR2A: A-1438G (rs6311), C102T (rs6313) and His452Tyr (rs6314). Many more polymorphisms exist for the gene. A 2006 paper listed 255. Several studies have seen links between the -1438G/A polymorphism and mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. A weak link with an odds ratio of 1.3 has been found between the T102C polymorphism and schizophrenia. This polymorphism has also been studied in relation to suicide attempts, with a study finding excess of the C/C genotypes among


title: "Glenn Braggs" content: Athletics. His first career hit was a sixth-inning single off Joaquin Andujar. He hit the first of his 70 career home runs on August 2, 1986 with a two-run shot off Charlie Hough. He had his best season in 1989, hitting 15 home runs with 66 runs batted in (RBI) and 17 stolen bases with a .247 batting average. On June 9, 1990, during his fourth season with the Brewers, he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds. He played a key role as the Reds advanced to the National League playoffs. In 231 plate appearances, he hit six home runs


title: "James Drummond (botanist)" content: and east of Bolgart. Shortly afterwards they started on a major expedition to King George Sound, and east as far as Cape Riche. The plants that he collected in this expedition formed what became known as "Drummond's 3rd Collection". In 1844, a severe recession placed the Drummond family in severe financial debt, and the family farm was lost. Drummond and his son Johnston began planning to make their entire living from collecting, discussing going to South Australia or India, but nothing came of it before Johnston Drummond's death in July 1845. In 1845 and 1846, financial difficulties prevented Drummond from


title: "Write buffer" content: Write buffer A write buffer is a type of data buffer used in certain CPU cache architectures like Intel's x86 and AMD64. In multi-core systems, write buffers destroy sequential consistency. Some software disciplines, like C11's data-race-freedom, are sufficient to regain a sequentially consistent view of memory. In a CPU cache, a write buffer can be used to hold data being written from the cache to main memory or to the next cache in the memory hierarchy. This is a variation of write-through caching called "buffered write-through". Use of a write buffer in this manner frees the cache to service read


title: "Pay Cards!" content: format, and all players participated in the Jackpot Round to try to find the chosen card. Two different versions of the game were released, both with identical boxes and near-identical contents. The only difference in the latter release version is the inclusion of Wild Cards in the Orange and Green card decks (one in each, replacing one card from the earlier release's decks); however, the game rules in this latter version do not allow for a "five of a kind" payoff. A board game of "Super Pay Cards" was published by Milton Bradley in 1981 and plugged on-air (given to


title: "Jashwant Rao Chitambar" content: Jashwant Rao Chitambar Jashwant Rao Chitambar (5 September 1879 – 4 September 1940) was the first Indian bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church of North and South India, elected in 1931. Chitambar was born in Allahabad, United Provinces, India. He was the son of native preacher Rajaram Chitambar, who was a converted Mahratta Brahmin, one of the first converts to Christianity as a result of missionary work in western India. Both of Chitambar's parents were of the high caste Indians, who converted to Christianity. Chitambar was accepted into the membership of the North India Annual Conference in 1907. He became


title: "Southern Lord Records discography" content: Southern Lord Records discography Southern Lord Records is an American independent record label founded by Greg Anderson in 1998. The Los Angeles-based label was initially formed "just to put out" the debut albums by Thorr's Hammer and Burning Witch. These bands were among the first collaborations between Anderson and Stephen O'Malley, who also formed Sunn O))), one of the label's biggest selling acts along with Japanese band Boris. The underground label also found bigger sales with releases by side projects of mainstream artists, such as Dave Grohl's "Probot" and Josh Homme's "The Desert Sessions, volumes 7 & 8". Southern Lord's


title: "Dillagi (1999 film)" content: Dillagi (1999 film) Dillagi is a 1999 Indian Hindi drama film directed by Sunny Deol and also starring Sunny Deol alongside his real-life brother Bobby Deol and Urmila Matondkar. The film was a box office flop but Deol's first attempt at directing was appreciated. The film is noted for being the first time Sunny Deol directed a film and also the first time he acted alongside his brother Bobby. This pairing was repeated in "" (2002), "Apne" (2007), "Heroes" (2008), "Yamla Pagla Deewana" (2011), "Yamla Pagla Deewana 2" (2013), "Poster Boys" (2017) and "" (2018). Rajvir (Bobby Deol) and Ranvir


title: "Results of the War of 1812" content: maritime trade. Furthermore, of the few ships that left port, a total 1400 were captured. In addition, Britain did win many sea battles. The Royal Navy had been able to deploy overwhelming strength to American waters, annihilating rather than merely denting American maritime trade, and driving the American economy close to bankruptcy. The Royal Navy would emerge unchecked from the conflict. The British Army regarded the 1812-15 conflict in Canada and America as a sideshow. Only one regiment, the 41st, was awarded a battle honor (Detroit) from the war. The army was more interested in the lessons of the Peninsular


title: "Appeal of the Independent Democrats" content: the history of the Missouri Compromise and argued that it had been accepted by the North only with the expectation that most of the remaining territory from the Louisiana Purchase would remain as free territory. Realizing that the Missouri Compromise was "canonized in the hearts of the American people", he called for both religious and political action in order to defeat the bill. The Appeal was originally published in the Cincinnati "Gazette" and widely reprinted by other newspapers throughout the country. Historian Eric Foner wrote, "Historians have tended to agree that the 'Appeal' was one of the most effective pieces


title: "Paul Piccone" content: "Paul Piccone was one of this generation's most influential critical intellectuals, whose analytical work ranged from phenomenological Marxism to analyses of neo-Stalinism in Eastern Europe to Carl Schmitt's geopolitical visions for new modes of civic action. Piccone was born in L'Aquila, Italy on January 17, 1940. He immigrated to the United States with his family at age 14, and they settled in Rochester, New York. After undergraduate studies at Indiana University, he did his doctoral work in philosophy at SUNY-Buffalo where he received his Ph.D. in 1970. He was appointed to a position in the Department of Sociology at Washington


title: "Widemouth Bay" content: Widemouth Bay Widemouth Bay () is a bay and beach on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall, England, UK. It is about 3 miles (5 km) south of Bude. This stretch of coast is steeped in the smuggling history of times before, and not far south of Widemouth Bay can be found many little inlets and coves. The village of Widemouth Bay itself is a much more recent development, consisting mainly of bungalows built during the twentieth century. As well as a number of hotels, there are several cafes on and around the beach as well as a pub and shops


title: "Red-lored amazon" content: Red-lored amazon The red-lored amazon or red-lored parrot ("Amazona autumnalis") is a species of amazon parrot, native to tropical regions of the Americas, from eastern Mexico south to Ecuador where it occurs in humid evergreen to semi-deciduous forests up to 1,100 m altitude. It is absent from the Pacific side of Central America north of Costa Rica. Not originally known from El Salvador, a pair - perhaps escaped from captivity - nested successfully in 1995 and 1996 in the outskirts of San Salvador and the species might expand its range permanently into that country in the future. This species has


title: "Red-lored amazon" content: also established feral populations in several California cities. The red-lored amazon is 32–35 cm (13 in) in length, with a weight of 310–480 g. The plumage is primarily green, with a red forehead and, in some subspecies, yellow cheeks (sometimes with red spots). The crown is blue. Adult males and females do not differ in plumage. Juveniles have less yellow on the cheeks, less red on the forehead, and dark irises. There are three subspecies: Their food includes fruits, nuts and seeds. Like all parrots, red-lored amazons need a varied diet consisting of high quality pellets, a quality seed mix,


title: "Red-lored amazon" content: and daily servings of fresh, bird-safe fruits and vegetables. The red-lored amazon nests in tree cavities. The eggs are white and there are usually three or four in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 26 days and the chicks leave the nest about 60 days after hatching. In some areas, notably parts of Mexico and Venezuela, the red-lored amazon has become rare through trapping for the cagebird trade. On the other hand, it seems to be able to adapt to human-altered habitat to a considerable degree. Red-lored amazons are fairly common pet parrots in the Americas. They


title: "Red-lored amazon" content: can be devoted pets and some make fairly good talkers. Like most amazon parrots they often have a tendency to vocalize loudly, and sometimes to bite. Their behavior ranges from being quiet and curious to being aggressive, this can all be changed by basic training when the bird is of a young age. Red-lored amazons can grow up to 13 inches in length. While they largely feast on seeds, fruits and nuts, avocados and eggplants are poisonous to them and can kill them. Their average life span is up to 80 years. Red-lored amazon The red-lored amazon or red-lored parrot


title: "Campo San Polo" content: most popular Carnival venues and is also used for open-air concerts and screenings during the Venice Film Festival. Lorenzino de' Medici was assassinated here in 1548. Facing the church are the following buildings: Campo San Polo The Campo San Polo is the largest campo in Venice, Italy, the second largest Venetian public square after the Piazza San Marco. It is located in the Sestiere San Polo. Originally dedicated to grazing and agriculture, in 1493 it was entirely paved, a well (one of the few fountains to be found in Venice) being placed in the middle. It was subsequently used as


title: "Energy Charter Treaty" content: bodies. The Conference meets on a regular basis to discuss issues affecting energy cooperation among Members and to review the implementation of the treaty and PEEREA provisions, and to consider new activities within the Energy Charter framework. The Energy Charter Conference has following subsidiary bodies: Additionally, a consultative board—the Industry Advisory Panel—presents the private sector's views on relevant issues related to energy investments, cross-border flows and energy efficiency to the Conference and its groups. The Legal Advisory Task Force was set up by the Energy Charter Secretariat in 2001 to assist in the drafting of balanced and legally coherent Model


title: "Viscum album" content: Viscum album Viscum album is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, commonly known as European mistletoe, common mistletoe or simply as mistletoe (Old English "mistle"). It is native to Europe and western and southern Asia. "Viscum album" is a hemiparasite on several species of trees, from which it draws water and nutrients. It has a significant role in European mythology, legends, and customs. In modern times, it is commonly featured in Christmas decoration and symbology. ("V. album" is found only rarely in North America, as an introduced species; its cultural roles are usually fulfilled by the similar native


title: "Viscum album" content: species "Phoradendron leucarpum".) It is a hemi-parasitic shrub, which grows on the stems of other trees. It has stems long with dichotomous branching. The leaves are in opposite pairs, strap-shaped, entire, leathery textured, long, broad and are a yellowish-green in colour. This species is dioecious and the insect-pollinated flowers are inconspicuous, yellowish-green, diameter. The fruit is a white or yellow berry containing one (very rarely several) seed embedded in the very sticky, glutinous fruit pulp. It is commonly found in the crowns of broad-leaved trees, particularly apple, lime (linden), hawthorn and poplar. The mistletoe was one of the many species


title: "Viscum album" content: originally described by Linnaeus. Its species name is the Latin adjective "albus" "white". It and the other members of the genus "Viscum" were originally classified in the mistletoe family Viscaceae, but this family has since been sunk into the larger family Santalaceae. Several subspecies are commonly accepted. They differ in fruit colour, leaf shape and size, and most obviously in the host trees utilised. European mistletoe is potentially fatal, in a concentrated form, and people can become seriously ill from eating the berries. The toxic lectin viscumin has been isolated from "Viscum album". Viscumin is a cytotoxic protein (ribosome inactivating


title: "Viscum album" content: protein, or RIP) that binds to galactose residues of cell surface glycoproteins and may be internalised by endocytosis. Viscumin strongly inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating the 60 S ribosomal subunit. The structure of this protein is very similar to other RIPs, showing the most resemblance to ricin and abrin. Some birds have immunity to the poison and enjoy the berries, especially the mistle thrush which is named for its favourite food. European mistletoe has always attracted popular interest and has been surrounded by a number of myths and legends. In cultures across pre-Christian Europe, mistletoe was seen as a representation


title: "Viscum album" content: of divine male essence (and thus romance, fertility and vitality). It still plays a role in the folklore of some countries. According to Pliny the Elder, the Celts considered it a remedy for barrenness in animals and an antidote to poison, and sacred when growing on oak trees (where it is rare). He describes a Celtic ritual sacrifice and banquet at which a druid dressed in white would climb an oak tree to collect mistletoe using a golden sickle. (This legend is often referred to in the popular "Asterix" comic books, where the druid Getafix is often seen collecting mistletoe


title: "Viscum album" content: with a sickle.) Modern druids may use the Native American "Phoradendron leucarpum" as well as other mistletoe species. According to the 13th century "Prose Edda", the goddess Frigg had all living and inanimate things swear an oath not to hurt her son Baldr. At a gathering, other gods tested the oath by hurling stones, arrows and fire at him, all in vain. But Frigg had not demanded the oath from mistletoe, because "it seemed too young" for that. By a scheming of Loki, Baldr's brother, the blind god Höðr made an arrow from mistletoe and killed Baldr with it. In


title: "Viscum album" content: the "Gesta Danorum" version of the story, Baldr and Höðr are rival suitors, and Höðr kills Baldr with a sword named Mistilteinn (Old Norse "mistletoe"). In addition, a sword by the same name appears in various other Norse legends. Mistletoe figured prominently in Greek mythology, and is believed to be the Golden Bough of Aeneas, ancestor of the Romans. Also in Greek mythology mistletoe was used by heroes to access the underworld. The Romans associated mistletoe with peace, love and understanding and hung it over doorways to protect the household. Hanging mistletoe was part of the festival of Saturnalia. When


title: "Viscum album" content: Christianity became widespread in Europe after the 3rd century AD, the religious or mystical respect for the mistletoe plant was integrated to an extent into the new religion. In some way that is not presently understood, this may have led to the widespread custom of kissing under the mistletoe plant during the Christmas season. The earliest documented case of kissing under the mistletoe dates from 16th century England, a custom that was apparently very popular at that time. Winston Graham reports a Cornish tradition that mistletoe was originally a fine tree from which the wood of the Cross was made,


title: "Viscum album" content: but afterwards it was condemned to live on only as a parasite. Mistletoe is commonly used as a Christmas decoration, though such use was rarely alluded to until the 18th century. According to custom, the mistletoe must not touch the ground between its cutting and its removal as the last of Christmas greens at Candlemas. It may remain hanging throughout the year, often to preserve the house from lightning or fire, until it is replaced the following Christmas Eve. The tradition has spread throughout the English-speaking world, but is largely unknown in the rest of Europe. (The similar native species


title: "Viscum album" content: "Phoradendron leucarpum" is used in North America in lieu of the European "Viscum album".) According to an old Christmas custom, a man and a woman who meet under a hanging of mistletoe were obliged to kiss. The custom may be of Scandinavian origin. It was alluded to as common practice in 1808 and described in 1820 by American author Washington Irving in his "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.": In Germany, the Christmas tradition is that people who kiss under mistletoe will have an enduring love or are bound to marry one another. Every year, the UK town of


title: "Viscum album" content: Tenbury Wells holds a mistletoe festival and crowns a 'Mistletoe Queen'. Mistletoe is the county flower of Herefordshire. It was voted such in 2002 following a poll by the wild plant conservation charity Plantlife. In 1988, the British singer Cliff Richard released a popular christmas song called 'Mistletoe and Wine'. Mistletoe is an ingredient of pomace brandy based liquor biska made in Istra, Croatia. Mistletoe leaves and young twigs are used by herbalists, and preparations made from them are popular in Europe, especially in Germany, for attempting to treat circulatory and respiratory system problems. Use of mistletoe extract in the


title: "Viscum album" content: treatment of cancer originated with Rudolf Steiner, the founder of Anthroposophy. Although laboratory and animal experiments have suggested that mistletoe extract may affect the immune system and be able to kill some kinds of cancer cells, there is little evidence of its benefit to people with cancer. The sticky juice of mistletoe berries was used to make birdlime, an adhesive to trap small animals or birds. Viscum album Viscum album is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, commonly known as European mistletoe, common mistletoe or simply as mistletoe (Old English "mistle"). It is native to Europe and western


title: "Rheinfels Castle" content: Rheinfels Castle Rheinfels Castle () is a castle ruin located above the left (west) bank of the Rhine in Sankt Goar, Germany. It was started in 1245 by Count Diether V of Katzenelnbogen. After expansions, it was the largest fortress in the Middle Rhein Valley between Koblenz and Mainz. It was slighted by French Revolutionary Army troops in 1797. It is the largest castle overlooking the Rhine, and historically covered five times its current area. While much of the castle is a ruin, some of the outer buildings are now a luxury hotel, "wellness" centre and restaurant. There is also


title: "Rheinfels Castle" content: a museum within some of the better preserved structures. The main entrance to the castle complex is a tall square clock or gate tower (~1300 AD) opposite the hotel. A connecting path joins the clock tower to the remains of the living quarters of the landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (the so-called Darmstadt Building). The Darmstadt building was designed in Tudor style with pointed gables. The connecting path was the site of the former moat of the main castle buildings; part of which is now the large cellar or basement. This large cellar was arched over in 1587-89 in two visible phases.


title: "Rheinfels Castle" content: It is the largest self-supporting vaulted cellar in Europe and has a length of , a width and height of approximately and can accommodate up to 400 people. The walls are up to thick. Previously a wine barrel was constructed for storage. The cellar was renovated in 1997 and restored to its original condition and now serves as a meeting place for concerts, theater performances, and other shows. Next to the Darmstadt building once stood a tall tower. It had a diameter of with walls thick at the bottom. In the 14th century, a narrow round tower was added to


title: "Rheinfels Castle" content: the top, making it the highest butter-churn tower in Germany. The castle museum is located in the former castle chapel which is the only finished room of the original castle. It is accessed through an internal gate and up the path. The museum contains a model reconstruction of the castle before its destruction giving one a sense of how big the castle used to be. The medieval castle courtyard is found beyond the castle museum building (slightly uphill). This was the centre of the medieval castle which contained a bakery, pharmacy, garden, brewery, well, and livestock — which would have


title: "Rheinfels Castle" content: allowed it to withstand an extended siege. During peacetime, 300-600 people lived in the castle complex. During a siege, that number could swell to 4,500. Remnants of the original 13th-century plaster which was painted white can still be found on some walls. Rheinfels Castle Rheinfels Castle () is a castle ruin located above the left (west) bank of the Rhine in Sankt Goar, Germany. It was started in 1245 by Count Diether V of Katzenelnbogen. After expansions, it was the largest fortress in the Middle Rhein Valley between Koblenz and Mainz. It was slighted by French Revolutionary Army troops in


title: "Fürth Hauptbahnhof" content: station building were a number of coupled, double windows. The tracks were covered with cast iron roofing, some of which remain today. Today this through station has eight tracks (one of which is a passing loop for goods trains) and seven platforms with lengths between 348 and 421 metres. In the 1970s the "Bahnhofs-Center" appeared immediately next to the station building at the point where "Gebhardtstrasse" enters the station square. The underpass beneath the tracks was extended as far as "Karolinenstrasse " during the building of the U-Bahn and offers a direct connexion from the south of Fürth to the


title: "Mohs surgery" content: made of zinc chloride and bloodroot (the root of the plant "Sanguinaria canadensis", which contains the alkaloid sanguinarine). The original ingredients were 40.0 g Stibnite, 10.0 g Sanguinaria canadensis, and 34.5 ml of saturated zinc chloride solution. This paste is similar to black salve or "Hoxsey's paste" (see Hoxsey Therapy), a fraudulent patent medicine, but its usage is different. Hoxsey used the paste for long periods, a harmful practice that was rapidly discredited. Mohs left the paste on the wound only overnight, and the following day, the cancer and surrounding skin would be anesthetized and the cancer removed. The specimen


title: "Passiflora lutea" content: Passiflora lutea Passiflora lutea, the yellow passionflower, is a flowering plant in the family Passifloraceae, native North America, in the eastern and south-central parts of the United States from Pennsylvania west to Kansas, and south to Florida and Texas. It is the northernmost species of "Passiflora", occurring slightly further north than "P. incarnata", and tolerant of winter temperatures down to −15 °C, and even −30 °C for short periods. It is a perennial herbaceous climbing or trailing vine that can reach 3–5 m in length. The leaves are trilobed, 3–7 cm long and 3–15 cm broad, with a 5 cm


title: "Passiflora lutea" content: petiole; in the north of its range, it is deciduous. The common name as well as the scientific name refers to the small, 1-1.5 cm diameter chartreuse (yellow-green) or off-white flowers it produces in summer. The flowers are followed by small black berries that contain seeds that are brown and bumpy. "P. lutea" grows in bright shade to sunny places with moist, rich soil. Very similar to "Passiflora suberosa". Yellow passionflower is often good for butterfly gardens, as it is a host for Gulf fritillaries, julia butterflies ("Dryas julia"), and zebra longwings ("Heliconius charitonius"). It is also the only pollen


title: "Passiflora lutea" content: source used by an unusual specialist bee, "Anthemurgus passiflorae", which is the sole member of its genus; this rare bee is unusual in that despite its obligate relationship with the plant (oligolecty), it does not pollinate it. "Passiflora lutea" is considered an endangered species in Pennsylvania. Passiflora lutea Passiflora lutea, the yellow passionflower, is a flowering plant in the family Passifloraceae, native North America, in the eastern and south-central parts of the United States from Pennsylvania west to Kansas, and south to Florida and Texas. It is the northernmost species of "Passiflora", occurring slightly further north than "P. incarnata", and


title: "1912–13 NHA season" content: was not in the lineup for the second game. Quebec wins series 20–5 After the season a series was arranged between Ottawa and Montreal Wanderers and Quebec to play in New York. Ottawa and Montreal played first, with the winner to play-off against Quebec. After the Wanderers defeated Ottawa 10–8 (3–2, 7–6), the Wanderers won the two-game series against Quebec 12–10 (9–5, 3–5). Quebec travelled to Victoria, British Columbia to play an exhibition series with the Victoria Aristocrats. The Aristocrats had requested a challenge series with Quebec, but would not travel to Quebec City, and the Bulldogs would not agree


title: "Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed" content: detailed serious reservations by specialists on the collapse study leading to an assertion that Ahmed had made an "uncritical appraisal". The story was reported internationally by other media outlets, but Ahmed's claims about NASA were officially rejected. In a statement, NASA commented that the collapse study "was not solicited, directed or reviewed by NASA. It is an independent study by the university researchers utilizing research tools developed for a separate NASA activity. As is the case with all independent research, the views and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors alone. NASA does not endorse the paper or


title: "César Aira" content: of the complete works of his friend the poet and novelist Osvaldo Lamborghini (1940–1985). Aira has often spoken in interviews of elaborating an avant-garde aesthetic in which, rather than editing what he has written, he engages in a "flight forward" ("fuga hacia adelante") to improvise a way out of the corners he writes himself into. Aira also seeks in his own work, and praises in the work of others (such as the Argentine-Parisian cartoonist and comic novelist Copi), the "continuum" ("el continuo") of a constant momentum in the fictional narrative. As a result, his fictions can jump radically from one


title: "United States Interests Section in Havana" content: delivering information to the Cuban people. United States Interests Section in Havana The United States Interests Section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Havana, Cuba or USINT Havana (the State Department telegraphic address) represented United States interests in Cuba from September 1, 1977, to July 20, 2015. It was staffed by United States Foreign Service personnel and local staff employed by the US Department of State, and located in a multi-story office building on the Malecón across from the Plaza de la Revolución in Havana. The mission resumed its role as the Embassy of the United States in Cuba on


title: "Philippe Villers" content: Philippe Villers Philippe Villers founded the company Computervision with Marty Allen in 1969. In 1980 he co-founded Automatix, an early robotics company, which he led until 1986. He later served as president of Cognition Corporation for 3 years. He is currently (2013) president of GrainPro, Inc., and board member of a number of high-tech startups, as well as president of Families USA Foundation, which he endowed. GrainPro makes bags and storage cocoons out of polyvinyl chloride to protect grain in third world countries, where up to 25% of harvested crops are lost to insects and rodents. Villers was born in


title: "Terre Haute (novel)" content: Terre Haute (novel) Terre Haute is a 1989 novel by Will Aitken. "Terre Haute" describes a year in the life of fourteen-year-old Jared McCaverty, a bright and attractive young boy going through puberty in Terre Haute, Indiana. Jared, who comes from a wealthy family, is many ways a happy boy, but he is overweight, socially awkward, and gay. Jared McCaverty has a sexual encounter with a friend, Paul Herzog, but his father finds out and beats him. He buys a gay magazine, but his father finds it and cannot accept his son's sexual inclinations. He then has another homosexual episode


title: "No. 451 Squadron RAAF" content: the two squadrons were mainly focused on attacking German transportation targets after the V-2 campaign against the UK ended. As the war in Europe draw to a close No. 451 Squadron's activities decreased, and it flew its last attack sorties from the UK on 3 April. The squadron flew only 61 operational sorties for the remainder of April and none in May. Following the end of the war No. 451 Squadron was deployed to Fassberg and then Wunstorf in Germany as part of the British occupation force. The squadron was deployed to RAF Gatow near Berlin during November and December


title: Dromaeosauroides content: the formation (since these would most likely have been found when the sand was commercially exploited), but hoped the remains of a Mesozoic mammal would be found. The holotype tooth has been illustrated in several books and research articles. It was certified ""Danekræ"" ("Danish creature", according to a 1990 Danish museum law securing important fossils) when its scientific importance was evaluated by the Geological Museum in Copenhagen. In late summer 2008, ranger Jens Kofoed found a second dromaeosaurid tooth. This specimen (DK 559) was found in the same location, and later assigned to "D. bornholmensis" as well. Kofoed explained that


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: Qasr Azraq Qasr al-Azraq (, "Blue Fortress") is a large fortress located in present-day eastern Jordan. It is one of the desert castles, located on the outskirts of present-day Azraq, roughly east of Amman. Its strategic value came from the nearby oasis, the only water source in a vast desert region. The name of the fortress and associated town came from these. The settlement was known in antiquity as "Basie" and the Romans were the first to make military use of the site, and later an early mosque was built in the middle. It did not assume its present form


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: until an extensive renovation and expansion by the Ayyubids in the 13th century, using locally quarried basalt which makes the castle darker than most other buildings in the area. Later, it would be used by the Ottoman armies during that empire's hegemony over the region. During the Arab Revolt, T.E. Lawrence based his operations here in 1917–18, an experience he wrote about in his book "Seven Pillars of Wisdom". The connection to "Lawrence of Arabia" has been one of the castle's major draws for tourists. The castle is constructed of the local black basalt and is a square structure with


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: 80 metre long walls encircling a large central courtyard. In the middle of the courtyard is a small mosque that may date from Umayyad times. At each corner of the outer wall, there is an oblong tower. The main entrance is composed of a single massive hinged slab of granite, which leads to a vestibule where one can see carved into the pavement the remains of a Roman board game. Although very heavy — 1 ton for each of the leaves of the main gate, 3 tons for single the other — these stone doors can quite easily be moved,


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: thanks to palm tree oil. The unusual choice of stone can be explained by the fact that there is no close source of wood, apart from palm tree wood, which is very soft and unsuitable for building. The strategic significance of the castle is that it lies in the middle of the Azraq oasis, the only permanent source of fresh water in approximately of desert. Several civilizations are known to have occupied the site for its strategic value in this remote and arid desert area. The area was inhabited by the Nabataean people and around 200 CE fell under the


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: control of the Romans. The Romans built a stone structure using the local basalt stone that formed a basis for later constructions on the site, a structure that was equally used by the Byzantine and Umayyad empires. Qasr al-Azraq underwent its final major stage of building in 1237 CE, when 'Izz ad-Din Aybak, an emir of the Ayyubids, redesigned and fortified it. The fortress in its present form dates to this period. In the 16th century the Ottoman Turks stationed a garrison there, and T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) made the fortress his desert headquarters during the winter of


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: 1917, during the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. His office was in the chamber above the entrance gatehouse. It had an additional advantage in modern warfare: the flat nearby desert was an ideal place to build an airfield. Qasr al-Azraq is often included on day trips from Amman to the desert castles, along with Qasr Kharana and Qasr Amra, both east of the capital and reached via Highway 40. Admission is JD 2. Visitors can explore most of the castle, both upstairs and downstairs, except for some sections closed off while the rock is shored up. There is


title: "Qasr Azraq" content: little interpretive material at the moment. Qasr Azraq Qasr al-Azraq (, "Blue Fortress") is a large fortress located in present-day eastern Jordan. It is one of the desert castles, located on the outskirts of present-day Azraq, roughly east of Amman. Its strategic value came from the nearby oasis, the only water source in a vast desert region. The name of the fortress and associated town came from these. The settlement was known in antiquity as "Basie" and the Romans were the first to make military use of the site, and later an early mosque was built in the middle. It


title: "Charles Colville" content: at once applied for a command in the Iberian Peninsula. In October 1810 he took over the command of the 1st brigade of the 3rd Division, which was under the command of Thomas Picton. He soon became not only Picton's trusted lieutenant, but one of Wellington's favourite brigadiers. He commanded his brigade in the pursuit after Massena, and in the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro, shared the superintendence of the trenches with Major-General John Hamilton at the second siege of Badajoz. He also commanded the infantry in the affair at El Bodón on 25 September 1811, and the 4th division


title: "Doctor Zhivago (novel)" content: debt. Lara says she will try to get the money, and in exchange demands Rodya's cadet revolver along with some cartridges. She obtains the money from Kologrivov. She does not pay the money back, because she uses her wages to help support her boyfriend Pasha Antipov (see above) and his father (who lives in exile), without Pasha's knowledge. We move forward to 1911. Lara visits the Kologrivovs' country estate with them for the last time. She is becoming discontented with her situation, but she enjoys the pastimes of the estate anyway, and she becomes an excellent shot with Rodya's revolver.


title: "Harold G. Overstreet" content: the board of directors for the Young Marines and the Executive Director of Veteran Forces, an IRS approved 501c3 non-profit charity. Sergeant Major Overstreet's personal decorations include: Harold G. Overstreet Harold G. Overstreet (born December 1944) served as the 12th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps from 1991 to 1995. Overstreet was born in December 1944 in Houston, Texas He entered the United States Marine Corps in June 1966 and completed recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, followed by Basic Infantry Training School at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. Upon completion of training, Overstreet reported to Staging


title: "Royal intermarriage" content: Zulu and Thembu royal houses of southern Africa are common. For example, the daughter of former South African president and Thembu royal Nelson Mandela, Zenani Mandela, married Prince Thumbumuzi Dlamini, a brother of Mswati III, King of Swaziland. Elsewhere in the region, Princess Semane Khama of the Bamangwato tribe of Botswana married "Kgosi" Lebone Edward Molotlegi of the Bafokeng tribe of South Africa. Examples of historical, mythical and contemporary royal intermarriages throughout Africa include: The Chakri Dynasty of Thailand has included marriages between royal relatives, but marriages between dynasts and foreigners, including foreign royals, are rare. This is in part


title: "Telugu Cholas" content: region, the present day Cuddapah district. They were originally independent, later forced to the suzerainty of the Eastern Chalukyas. They had the unique honour of using the Telugu language in their inscriptions belonging to the 7th and 8th centuries. The inscriptions at Gandikota at Jammulamadugu and Proddatur are proof of this fact. Telugu Chodas of Pottapi ruled the Cuddapah region after the fall of the Renati Cholas. Their inscriptions from 11th century are found in this area. It is also believed that they ruled over Chittoor district, since Dhurjati of Kalahasti mentioned that he was from Pottapi region. Now Pottapi


title: Weisendorf content: to many cities in Europe and the rest of the world. Weisendorf Weisendorf is a municipality in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, in Bavaria, Germany. It belongs to the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Weisendorf is located 15 km west of Erlangen. Most citizens of Weisendorf work in nearby Erlangen (known for its university and Siemens AG) and the region of Nuremberg or alternatively adidas in the nearby city of Herzogenaurach. A local food speciality is the "Aischgründer Spiegelkarpfen", a type of fried fish. Weisendorf is near the motorway A3 (Frankfurt am Main-Regensburg). The next railroad station is located in Erlangen


title: "City Ground (Cambridge)" content: an all grass track. In 1974 the management decided to become National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) affiliated but the association only lasted five months before promoter Laurie Boost quoted increased costs had forced the track to revert to their independent status. During 1978 the decision was made to race under NGRC rules for a second time which would result in a considerable sequence of successes for the track that had only just switched from being an independent. Racing would take place every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday evening with trials sessions held on Thursday afternoons. The switch to NGRC rules resulted


title: "Jasminum nudiflorum" content: Jasminum nudiflorum Jasminum nudiflorum, the winter jasmine, is a slender, deciduous shrub native to China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet), Yunnan). Due to its blossom peaks right after winter, it’s also named Yingchun (迎春) in Chinese, which means “the flower that welcomes Spring”. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is reportedly naturalized in France and in scattered locations in the United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia, Tennessee, Maryland and New Jersey). It grows to tall and wide, with arching green shoots and opposite, pinnate, dark green leaves. Each leaf is divided into three oval-oblong leaflets which are about 3


title: "Jasminum nudiflorum" content: cm long. As its name suggests, in the Northern Hemisphere winter jasmine flowers from November to March. The solitary flowers, often appearing on the bare stems (hence the Latin "nudiflorum", literally "naked flower") have six petals and are bright yellow, or white, about 1 cm across, appearing in the leaf axils. It likes full sun or partial shade and is hardy. "Jasminum nudiflorum" is valued by gardeners as one of the few plants that are in flower during the winter months. It is frequently trained against a wall to provide extra warmth and shelter, but also lends itself to groundcover.


title: "Jasminum nudiflorum" content: It tolerates hard pruning and should be pruned in spring immediately after flowering; regular pruning will help to prevent bare patches. It can also be grown as a bonsai and is very tolerant of the wiring methods. It can be propagated using the layering technique. It is known as "rui guo yuan wei" in Pidgin. It is also known as 'jasmim-amarelo' in Portuguese (Brazil) and 'vinterjasmin' in Swedish. It was collected in China by Robert Fortune. It was first published and described by Lindl. in the Journal of the Horticultural Society of London Vol.1 on page 153 in 1846. It


title: "Jasminum nudiflorum" content: was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 30 September 2011. "Jasminum nudiflorum" has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is native to China. It is found within many Provinces of China, (including Guangxi (Gansu), Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang (also referred to as Tibet) and Yunnan. Jasminum nudiflorum Jasminum nudiflorum, the winter jasmine, is a slender, deciduous shrub native to China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang (Tibet), Yunnan). Due to its blossom peaks right after winter, it’s also named Yingchun (迎春) in Chinese, which means “the flower that welcomes Spring”. It is


title: "Military history of the Netherlands" content: intact when it surrendered on May 14 — after just five days of fighting — to save the major Dutch cities from further bombardment. The Dutch empire continued the fight, but the Netherlands East Indies (later Indonesia) was invaded by Japan in 1942. In the climactic Battle of the Java Sea, the larger part of the Dutch navy was destroyed. The Dutch contribution to the war effort was then limited to the merchant fleet (providing the bulk of allied merchant shipping in the Pacific war), several aircraft squadrons, some naval vessels and a motorised infantry brigade raised by enlisting Dutch


title: "Stick Figure" content: previous albums]." After the release of "Burial Ground" in 2012, Woodruff organized a live band which then went on tour with reggae band The Green starting in September 2012. This tour included eighteen stops along the East Coast of the United States. In Spring 2013 Stick Figure embarked on their first headlining tour with stops in major cities including Boston, Austin, Denver and Chicago with multiple sold out shows. That year they also went on three national tours alongside reggae bands Passafire, John Brown’s Body, and Tribal Seeds. In 2014, they headlined their first national tour, with numerous sold out


title: "Target Two Point Zero" content: on the role of the Monetary Policy Committee to analyse current economic conditions in the UK and the outlook for inflation. Teams of four students created a formal presentation that was delivered to a panel of judges from the Bank of England. The presentations were concluded with a recommendation on exactly what interest rate the team would set in order to achieve the UK government's inflation target of 2.0% CPI. Following the initial presentation, which lasted a maximum of 15 minutes, the judges had the opportunity to ask questions about what had been said. They might have asked the students


title: Siroe content: than the two who have left us, because one of them (Faustina) never pleased him at all and he would like to forget the other (Cuzzoni)." 18th century musicologist Charles Burney wrote of the gigue that concludes the overture to "Siroe":and the jig was always a favourite as long as movements in that measure were in fashion. Handel himself seems to have been not insensible to its merit, for I heard him play it by memory as a lesson at Mrs. Cibber’s, with wonderful neatness and spirit near twenty years after it was composed. The opera is scored for strings,


title: "Coffee preparation" content: Coffee preparation Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage. While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps: raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans must then be ground, the ground coffee must then be mixed with hot water for a certain time (brewed), and finally the liquid coffee must be separated from the used grounds. Coffee is usually brewed immediately before drinking. In most areas, coffee may be purchased unprocessed, or already roasted, or already roasted and ground. Coffee


title: "Coffee preparation" content: is often vacuum packed to prevent oxidation and lengthen its shelf life. Roasting coffee transforms the chemical and physical properties of green coffee beans. When roasted, the green coffee bean expands to nearly double its original size, changing in color and density. As the bean absorbs heat, its color shifts to yellow, then to a light "cinnamon" brown, and then to a rich dark brown color. During roasting, oils appear on the surface of the bean. The roast will continue to darken until it is removed from the heat source. Coffee can be roasted with ordinary kitchen equipment (frying pan,


title: "Coffee preparation" content: grill, oven, popcorn popper) or by specialised appliances. A "coffee roaster" is a special pan or apparatus suitable to heat up and roast green coffee beans. The whole coffee beans are ground, also known as milling, to facilitate the brewing process. The fineness of the grind strongly affects brewing. Brewing methods that expose coffee grounds to heated water for longer require a coarser grind than faster brewing methods. Beans that are too finely ground for the brewing method in which they are used will expose too much surface area to the heated water and produce a bitter, harsh, "over-extracted" taste.


title: "Coffee preparation" content: At the other extreme, an overly coarse grind will produce weak coffee unless more is used. Due to the importance of a grind's fineness, a uniform grind is highly desirable. If a brewing method is used in which the time of exposure of the ground coffee to the heated water is adjustable, then a short brewing time can be used for finely ground coffee. This produces coffee of equal flavor yet uses less ground coffee. A blade grinder does not cause frictional heat buildup in the ground coffee unless used to grind very large amounts as in a commercial operation.


title: "Coffee preparation" content: A fine grind allows the most efficient extraction but coffee ground too finely will slow down filtration or screening. Ground coffee deteriorates faster than roasted beans because of the greater surface area exposed to oxygen. Many coffee drinkers grind the beans themselves immediately before brewing. Spent coffee grinds can be reused for hair care or skin care as well as in the garden. These can also be used as biodiesel fuel. There are four methods of grinding coffee for brewing: burr-grinding, chopping, pounding, and roller grinding. Burr mills use two revolving abrasive elements, such as wheels or conical grinding elements,


title: "Coffee preparation" content: between which the coffee beans are crushed or "torn" with little frictional heating. The process of squeezing and crushing of the beans releases the coffee's oils, which are then more easily extracted during the infusion process with hot water, making the coffee taste richer and smoother. Both manually and electrically powered mills are available. These mills grind the coffee to a fairly uniform size determined by the separation of the two abrasive surfaces between which the coffee is ground; the uniform grind produces a more even extraction when brewed, without excessively fine particles that clog filters. These mills offer a


title: "Coffee preparation" content: wide range of grind settings, making them suitable to grind coffee for various brewing systems such as espresso, drip, percolators, French press, and others. Many burr grinders, including almost all domestic versions, are unable to achieve the extremely fine grind required for the preparation of Turkish coffee; traditional Turkish hand grinders are an exception. Burr grinders are of two types-conical burrs and flat wheel burrs. Both of them grind coffee bean consistently and with uniform size. Almost every burr coffee grinder grinds at low noise, offer large hopper for storing whole coffee bean, easy to use with portafilter for espresso


title: "Coffee preparation" content: grind, body made with stainless steel or ceramic with modern design as well as slow operating system ensures find grind all the time. Coffee beans can be chopped by using blades rotating at high speed (20,000 to 30,000 rpm), either in a blade grinder designed specifically for coffee and spices, or in a general use home blender. Devices of this sort are cheaper than burr grinders, but the grind is not uniform and will produce particles of widely varying sizes, while ideally all particles should have the same size, appropriate for the method of brewing. Moreover, the particles get smaller


title: "Coffee preparation" content: and smaller during the grinding process, which makes it difficult to achieve a consistent grind from batch to batch. The ground coffee is also warmed by friction, although it is debatable whether this heating effect has any detectable effect on the flavor of the coffee. Blade grinders create “coffee dust” that can clog up sieves in espresso machines and French presses, and are best suited for drip coffee makers. They are not recommended for grinding coffee for use with pump espresso machines. Arabic coffee and Turkish coffee require that the grounds be almost powdery in fineness, finer than can be


title: "Coffee preparation" content: achieved by most burr grinders. Pounding the beans with a mortar and pestle can pulverize the coffee finely enough. In a roller grinder, the beans are ground between pairs of corrugated rollers. A roller grinder produces a more even grind size distribution and heats the ground coffee less than other grinding methods. However, due to their size and cost, roller grinders are used exclusively by commercial and industrial scale coffee producers. Water-cooled roller grinders are used for high production rates as well as for fine grinds such as Turkish and espresso. Coffee can be brewed in several different ways, but


title: "Coffee preparation" content: these methods fall into four main groups depending on how the water is introduced to the coffee grounds: decoction (through boiling), infusion (through steeping), gravitational feed (used with percolators and in drip brewing), or pressurized percolation (as with espresso). Brewed coffee, if kept hot, will deteriorate rapidly in flavor, and reheating such coffee tends to give it a "muddy" flavour, as some compounds that impart flavor to coffee are destroyed if this is done. Even at room temperature, deterioration will occur; however, if kept in an oxygen-free environment it can last almost indefinitely at room temperature, and sealed containers of


title: "Coffee preparation" content: brewed coffee are sometimes commercially available in food stores in America or Europe, with refrigerated bottled coffee drinks being commonly available at convenience stores and grocery stores in the United States. Canned coffee is particularly popular in Japan and South Korea. Electronic coffee makers boil the water and brew the infusion with little human assistance and sometimes according to a timer. Some such devices also grind the beans automatically before brewing. The French press is considered one of the oldest and simplest methods to brew coffee. Despite its simplicity, it can be a little tricky. The most important part of


title: "Coffee preparation" content: the process is to not leave the coffee in the French press for too long after pressing. Boiling, or decoction, was the main method used for brewing coffee until the 1930s and is still used in some Nordic and Middle Eastern countries. The aromatic oils in coffee are released at 96 °C (205 °F), which is just below boiling, while the bitter acids are released when the water has reached boiling point. The simplest method is to put the ground coffee in a cup, pour hot water over it and let cool while the grounds sink to the bottom. This


title: "Coffee preparation" content: is a traditional method for making a cup of coffee that is still used in parts of Indonesia. This method, known as "mud coffee" in the Middle East owing to an extremely fine grind that results in a mud-like sludge at the bottom of the cup, allows for extremely simple preparation, but drinkers then have to be careful if they want to avoid drinking grounds either from this layer or floating at the surface of the coffee, which can be avoided by dribbling cold water onto the "floaters" from the back of a spoon. If the coffee beans are not


title: "Coffee preparation" content: ground finely enough, the grounds do not sink. "Cowboy coffee" is made by heating coarse grounds with water in a pot, letting the grounds settle and pouring off the liquid to drink, sometimes filtering it to remove fine grounds. While the name suggests that this method was used by cowboys, presumably on the trail around a campfire, it is used by others; some people prefer this method. The above methods are sometimes used with hot milk instead of water. "Turkish coffee" (aka Arabic coffee, etc.), a very early method of making coffee, is used in the Middle East, North Africa,


title: "Coffee preparation" content: East Africa, Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, and Russia. Very finely ground coffee, optionally sugar, and water are placed in a narrow-topped pot, called an "cezve" (Turkish), "kanaka" (Egyptian), "briki" (Greek), "džezva" (Štokavian) or "turka" (Russian) and brought to the boil then immediately removed from the heat. It may be very briefly brought to the boil two or three times. Turkish coffee is sometimes flavored with cardamom, particularly in Arab countries. The resulting strong coffee, with foam on the top and a thick layer of grounds at the bottom, is drunk from small cups. A "cafetière", or "French press," is a


title: "Coffee preparation" content: tall, narrow cylinder with a plunger that includes a metal or nylon fine mesh filter. The grounds are placed in the cylinder, and off-the-boil water is then poured into it. The coffee and hot water are left in the cylinder for a few minutes (typically 4–7 minutes) and then the plunger is gently pushed down, leaving the filter immediately above the grounds, allowing the coffee to be poured out while the filter retains the grounds. Depending on the type of filter, it is important to pay attention to the grind of the coffee beans, though a rather coarse grind is


title: "Coffee preparation" content: almost always called for. A plain glass cylinder may be used, or a vacuum flask arrangement to keep the coffee hot; this is not to be confused with a vacuum brewer—see below. A recent variation of the "French press" is the "SoftBrew" method. The grounds are placed in the cylindrical filter, which is then placed inside the pot, and very hot to boiling water is then poured into it. After waiting a few minutes, the coffee can then be poured out, with the grounds staying inside the metal filter. "Coffee bags" are less often used than tea bags. They are


title: "Coffee preparation" content: simply disposable bags containing coffee; the grounds do not exit the bag as it mixes with the water, so no extra filtering is required. Malaysian and some Caribbean and South American styles of coffee are often brewed using a ""sock,"" which is actually a simple muslin bag, shaped like a filter, into which coffee is loaded, then steeped in hot water. This method is especially suitable for use with local-brew coffees in Malaysia, primarily of the varieties "Robusta" and "Liberica" which are often strong-flavored, allowing the ground coffee in the sock to be reused. A "vacuum brewer" consists of two


title: "Coffee preparation" content: chambers: a pot below, atop which is set a bowl or funnel with its siphon descending nearly to the bottom of the pot. The bottom of the bowl is blocked by a filter of glass, cloth or plastic, and the bowl and pot are joined by a gasket that forms a tight seal. Water is placed in the pot, the coffee grounds are placed in the bowl, and the whole apparatus is set over a burner. As the water heats, it is forced by the increasing vapor pressure up the siphon and into the bowl where it mixes with the


title: "Coffee preparation" content: grounds. When all the water possible has been forced into the bowl the infusion is allowed to sit for some time before the brewer is removed from the heat. As the water vapor in the lower pot cools, it contracts, forming a partial vacuum and drawing the coffee down through the filter. "Drip brew coffee," also known as filtered coffee, is made by letting hot water drip onto coffee grounds held in a coffee filter surrounded by a filter holder or brew basket. Drip brew makers can be simple filter holder types manually filled with hot water, or they can


title: "Coffee preparation" content: use automated systems as found in the popular electric drip coffee-maker. Strength varies according to the ratio of water to coffee and the fineness of the grind, but is typically weaker in taste and contains a lower concentration of caffeine than espresso, though often (due to size) more total caffeine. By convention, regular coffee brewed by this method is served by some restaurants in a brown or black pot (or a pot with a brown or black handle), while decaffeinated coffee is served in an orange pot (or a pot with an orange handle). A variation is the traditional "Neapolitan


title: "Coffee preparation" content: flip coffee pot", or Napoletana, a drip brew coffee maker for the stovetop. It consists of a bottom section filled with water, a middle filter section, and an upside-down pot placed on the top. When the water boils, the coffee maker is flipped over to let the water filter through the coffee grounds. The common "electric percolator," which was in almost universal use in the United States prior to the 1970s, and is still popular in some households today, differs from the pressure percolator described above. It uses the pressure of the boiling water to force it to a chamber


title: "Coffee preparation" content: above the grounds, but relies on gravity to pass the water down through the grounds, where it then repeats the process until shut off by an internal timer. Some coffee aficionados hold the coffee produced in low esteem because of this multiple-pass process. Others prefer gravity percolation and claim it delivers a richer cup of coffee in comparison to drip brewing. Indian filter coffee uses an apparatus typically made of stainless steel. There are two cylindrical compartments, one sitting on top of the other. The upper compartment has tiny holes (less than ~0.5 mm). And then there is the pierced


title: "Coffee preparation" content: pressing disc with a stem handle, and a covering lid. The finely ground coffee with 15–20% chicory is placed in the upper compartment, the pierced pressing disc is used to cover the ground coffee, and hot water is poured on top of this disk. Unlike the regular drip brew, the coffee does not start pouring down immediately. This is because of the chicory, which holds on to the water longer than just the ground coffee beans can. This causes the beverage to be much more potent than the American drip variety. 2–3 teaspoonfuls of this decoction is added to a


title: "Coffee preparation" content: 100–150 ml milk. Sugar is then sometimes added by individual preference. Another variation is cold brew coffee, sometimes known as "cold press." Cold water is poured over coffee grounds and allowed to steep for eight to twenty-four hours. The coffee is then filtered, usually through a very thick filter, removing all particles. This process produces a very strong concentrate which can be stored in a refrigerated, airtight container for up to eight weeks. The coffee can then be prepared for drinking by adding hot water to the concentrate at a water-to-concentrate ratio of approximately 3:1, but can be adjusted to


title: "Coffee preparation" content: the drinker's preference. The coffee prepared by this method is very low in acidity with a smooth taste, and is often preferred by those with sensitive stomachs. Others, however, feel this method strips coffee of its bold flavor and character. Thus, this method is not common, and there are few appliances designed for it. The amount of coffee used affects both the strength and the flavor of the brew in a typical drip-brewing filtration-based coffee maker. The softer flavors come out of the coffee first and the more bitter flavors only after some time, so a large brew will tend


title: "Coffee preparation" content: to be both stronger and more bitter. This can be modified by stopping the filtration after a planned time and then adding hot water to the brew instead of waiting for all the water to pass through the grounds. In addition to the "cold press", there is a method called "Cold Drip Coffee". Also known as "Dutch Ice Coffee" (and very popular in Japan), instead of steeping, this method very slowly drips cold water into the grounds, which then very slowly pass through a filter. Unlike the cold press (which functions similar to a French Press) which takes eight to


title: "Coffee preparation" content: twenty-four hours, a Cold Drip process only takes about two hours, with taste and consistency results similar to that of a cold press. "Espresso" is made by forcing hot water at 91–95 °C (195–204 °F) under a pressure of between eight and eighteen bars (800–1800 kPa, 116–261 psi), through a lightly packed matrix, called a "puck," of finely ground coffee. The 30–60 cc (1–2 oz.) beverage is served in demitasse cups; sugar is often added. It is consumed during the day at cafes and from street vendors, or after an evening meal. It is the basis for many coffee drinks.


title: "Coffee preparation" content: It is one of the most concentrated forms of coffee regularly consumed, with a distinctive flavor provided by crema, a layer of flavorful emulsified oils in the form of a colloidal foam floating on the surface, which is produced by the high pressure. Espresso is more viscous than other forms of brewed coffee. The "moka pot", also known as the "Italian coffeepot" or the "caffettiera," is a three-chamber design which boils water in the lower section. The generated steam pressure, about one bar (100 kPa, 14.5 psi), forces the boiling water up through coffee grounds held in the middle section,


title: "Coffee preparation" content: separated by a filter mesh from the top section. The resultant coffee (almost espresso strength, but without the crema) is collected in the top section. Moka pots usually sit directly on a stovetop heater or burner. Some models have a transparent glass or plastic top. "Single-serving coffee" machines force hot water under low pressure through a coffee pod composed of finely ground coffee sealed between two layers of filter paper or through a proprietary capsule containing ground coffee. Examples include the pod-based Senseo and Home Café systems and the proprietary Tassimo and Keurig K-Cup systems. The "AeroPress" is another recent


title: "Coffee preparation" content: invention, which is a mechanical, non-electronic device where pressure is simply exerted by the user manually pressing a piston down with their hand, forcing medium-temperature water through coffee grounds in about 30 seconds (into a single cup.) This method produces a smoother beverage than espresso, falling somewhere between the flavor of a "moka pot" and a "French Press". Proper brewing of coffee requires using the correct amount of coffee grounds, extracted to the correct degree (largely determined by the correct time), at the correct temperature. More technically, coffee brewing consists of dissolving (solvation) soluble flavors from the coffee grounds in


title: "Coffee preparation" content: water. Specialized vocabulary and guidelines exist to discuss this, primarily various "ratios," which are used to optimally brew coffee. The key concepts are: These are related as follows: which can be analyzed as the following formula: A subtler issue is "which" solubles are dissolved – this depends both on solubility of different substances at different temperatures, and changes over the course of extraction. Different substances are extracted during the first 1% of brewing time than in the period from 19% extraction to 20% extraction. This is primarily affected by "temperature". Brewing guidelines are summarized by "Brewing Control Charts" which graph


title: "Coffee preparation" content: these elements, and center around an "ideal" rectangle indicating the target brewing range. The yield in the horizontal ("x"-axis), the strength is the vertical ("y"-axis), and a given brewing ratio determines a radial line, since for a giving brewing ratio the strength is directly proportional to the yield. "Ideal yield" is widely agreed to be 20±2% (18–22%), while "ideal strength" for brewed coffee varies. American standards for "ideal strength" are generally considered to be between 1.25±0.10% (1.15–1.35%), while Norwegian standards are about 1.40±0.10% (1.30–1.50%). European standards fall in the middle range at 1.20–1.45%. These are most easily achieved with a


title: "Coffee preparation" content: brewing ratio of 55 g/L (55 grams of coffee per litre of water) for American standards, to 63 g/L in Norwegian standards, yielding approximately 14–16 grams of coffee for a standard cup. These guidelines apply regardless of brewing method, with the following exceptions: Coffee in all these forms is made with roasted and ground coffee and hot water, the used grounds either remaining behind or being filtered out of the cup or jug after the main soluble compounds have been extracted. The fineness of grind required differs for the various brewing methods. Pressure: Gravity and steeping: Instant coffee is made


title: "Coffee preparation" content: commercially by drying prepared coffee; the resulting soluble powder is dissolved in hot water by the user, and sugar/sweeteners and milk or creamers are added as desired. Alcoholic spirits and liqueurs can be added to coffee, often sweetened and with cream floated on top. These beverages are often given names according to the alcoholic addition: Coffee preparation Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage. While the particular steps vary with the type of coffee and with the raw materials, the process includes four basic steps: raw coffee beans must be roasted, the roasted coffee beans


title: "Malcolm Colcord" content: Malcolm Colcord Malcolm Colcord, also known as The Director, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He appeared as a villain in the series "Wolverine" and was an important character in the "Weapon X"-comics. Malcolm Colcord first appears in "Wolverine" Vol. 2 #166 and was created by Frank Tieri and Sean Chen. Malcolm Colcord first appeared as a mysterious shadowed face; several years ago, Colcord was a family man, and a handsome soldier until he was assigned as a guard to the Weapon X complex up in Canada. He was unprepared that one night


title: "Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof" content: rights over the area now used for tracks as building ground for skyscraper, but this soon proved unrealistic, and the project was abandoned. Frankfurt is the third-busiest railway station outside Japan and the busiest in Germany. As for long-distance traffic, the station profits greatly from its location in the heart of Europe; 13 of the 24 ICE lines call at the station, as well as 2 of the 3 ICE Sprinter lines. To ease the strain on the Hauptbahnhof, some ICE lines now call at Frankfurt Airport station and at Frankfurt (Main) Süd instead of Hauptbhanhof. There are also long-distance


title: "Merit (Buddhism)" content: emphasis on personal benefits in observing morality. Other scholars have pointed out that in Buddhist ethics egoism and altruism may not be as strictly separated as in western thought, personal benefit and that of the other becoming one as the practitioner progresses on the spiritual path. Buddhist ethics is informed by Buddhist metaphysics, notably, the not-self doctrine, and therefore some western ethical concepts may not apply. Besides, as Keown notices, moral action would not be possible if it was not preceded by moral concern for others, as is illustrated by the example of the Buddha himself. Such moral concern is


title: "Sicard of Benevento" content: Sicard of Benevento Sicard (died 839) was the Prince of Benevento from 832. He was the last prince of a united Benevento which covered most of the Mezzogiorno. On his death, the principality descended into civil war which split it permanently (except for very briefly under Pandulf Ironhead from 977 to 981). He was the son and successor of the Spoletan Sico. He warred against the Saracens and his neighbours continually, especially Sorrento, Naples, and Amalfi. He was the strongest military and economic power in the region. By the "Pactum Sicardi" of 4 July 836, he signed a five-year armistice