title: "Ulmus pumila" content: were often damaged by frost, consequently the species was dropped from the Dutch elm breeding programme. In Italy, the species was also found to have a slight to moderate susceptibility to Elm Yellows. However, "U. pumila" is the most resistant of all the elms to verticillium wilt. "U. pumila" was introduced into Spain as an ornamental, probably during the reign of Philip II (1556–98), and from the 1930s into Italy. In these countries it has naturally hybridized with the Field Elm "U. minor" (see below). In Italy it was widely used in viniculture, notably in the Po valley, to support


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: the grape vines until the 1950s, when the demands of mechanization made it unsuitable. Three specimens were supplied by the Späth nursery of Berlin to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as "U. pumila", in addition to specimens of the narrow-leaved "U. pumila" cultivar 'Pinnato-ramosa' (see 'Cultivars' below). One was planted in RBGE; the two not planted in the Garden may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city. Kew Gardens obtained specimens of "U. pumila" from the Arnold Arboretum in 1908 and, as "U. pekinensis", via the Veitch Nurseries


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: in 1910 from William Purdom in northern China. A specimen obtained from Späth and planted in 1914 stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk, in the early 20th century. The popularity of "U. pumila" in the Great Britain has been almost exclusively as a bonsai subject, and mature trees are largely restricted to arboreta. Introduced to the United States in 1905 by Prof. J. G. Jack, and later by Meyer, the tree was initially cultivated at the USDA Experimental Station at Mandan, North Dakota, where it flourished. It was consequently selected by the USDA for planting in shelter belts across


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: the prairies in the aftermath of the Dustbowl disasters, where its rapid growth and tolerance for drought and cold initially made it a great success. However, the species later proved susceptible to numerous maladies. Attempts to find a more suitable cultivar were initiated in 1997 by the Plant Materials Center of the USDA, which established experimental plantations at Akron, Colorado, and Sidney, Nebraska. The study, no. 201041K, will conclude in 2020. The seeds lose their viability rapidly after maturity unless placed on suitable germination conditions or dried and placed at low temperatures. The species has a high sunlight requirement and


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: is not shade-tolerant; with adequate light it exhibits rapid growth. The tree is also fairly intolerant of wet ground conditions, growing better on well-drained soils. While it is very resistant to drought and severe cold, and able to grow on poor soils, its short period of dormancy, flowering early in spring followed by continuous growth until the first frosts of autumn, renders it vulnerable to frost damage. As an ornamental "U. pumila" is a very poor tree, tending to be short-lived, with brittle wood and poor crown shape, but it has nevertheless enjoyed some popularity owing to its rapid growth


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: and provision of shade. The Siberian Elm has been described as "one of the world's worst... ornamental trees that does not deserve to be planted anywhere". Yet in the US during the 1950s, the tree was also widely promoted as a fast-growing hedging substitute for privet, and as a consequence is now commonly found in nearly all states. A better cultivar, the Turkestan Elm, that is seen more often in gardens, and referred to as the 'wonder hedge' ("Ulmus pumila celer"), being both dense and fast-growing, taking as little as two years to reach fence height. The unripe seeds have


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: long been eaten by the peoples of Manchuria, and during the Great Chinese Famine they also became one of the most important foodstuffs in the Harbin region. The leaves were also gathered, to the detriment of the trees, prompting a prohibition order by the authorities, which was largely ignored. The leaves eaten raw are not very palatable, but stewed and prepared with Kaoliang or Foxtail millet make a better tasting and more filling meal. In North America, "Ulmus pumila" has become an invasive species in much of the region from central Mexico northward across the eastern and central United States


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: to Ontario, Canada. It also hybridizes in the wild with the native "U. rubra" (Slippery Elm) in the central United States, prompting conservation concerns for the latter species. In South America, the tree has spread across much of the Argentinian pampas In Europe it has spread widely in Spain, and hybridizes extensively there with the native field elm ("U. minor"), contributing to conservation concerns for the latter species. Research is ongoing into the extent of hybridisation with "U. minor" in Italy. "Ulmus pumila" is often found in abundance along railroads and in abandoned lots and on disturbed ground. The gravel


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: along railroad beds provides ideal conditions for its growth: well-drained, nutrient poor soil, and high light conditions; these beds provide corridors which facilitate its spread. Owing to its high sunlight requirements, it seldom invades mature forests, and is primarily a problem in cities and open areas, as well as along transportation corridors. The species is now listed in Japan as an alien species recognized as established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild. Two varieties were traditionally recognized: var. "pumila" and var. "arborea", the latter now treated as a cultivar, "U. pumila" 'Pinnato-ramosa'. Valued for the high resistance of


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: some clones to Dutch elm disease, over a dozen selections have been made to produce hardy ornamental cultivars, although several may no longer be in cultivation: The species has been widely hybridized in the United States and Italy to create robust trees of more native appearance with high levels of resistance to Dutch elm disease: Roerich describes a specimen discovered on his travels through Mongolia: The US National Champion, measuring high in 2011, grows in Berrien County, Michigan. In the UK the TROBI Champions grow at Thorp Perrow Arboretum, Yorkshire, × in 2004, and at St Ann's Well Gardens, Hove,


title: "Ulmus pumila" content: Sussex × in 2009. Ulmus pumila Ulmus pumila, the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Central Asia, eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, Mongolia, Tibet, northern China, India (northern Kashmir) and Korea. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese Elm' ("Ulmus parvifolia"). It is the last tree species encountered in the semi-desert regions of central Asia. Described by Pallas in the 18th century from specimens from Transbaikal, "Ulmus pumila" has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, Argentina, and southern Europe, becoming naturalized in many places, notably across much of


title: "Cléo from 5 to 7" content: existential film, as for the entirety of the film, Cléo struggles with her existence and the potential of facing her mortality. The impending results of her medical exam and the mere possibility that she may be diagnosed with cancer leaves Cléo open to an existential mind where she is aware of her own mortality. Further, upon meeting Antoine, the soldier talks about the deaths of the Algerian War, and that they are dying for nothing and without a purpose, further appealing to the existential philosophy. Cléo from 5 to 7 Cléo from 5 to 7 () is a 1962 French


title: "Bangkok railway station" content: Bangkok railway station Bangkok railway station (), unofficially known as Hua Lamphong station (), is the main railway station in Bangkok, Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan District, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). The station is officially referred to by the State Railway of Thailand as Sathani Rotfai Krung Thep in Thai ("Krung Thep" is the transliteration of the common Thai language name of Bangkok) and "Bangkok Station" in English. Hua Lamphong () is the informal name of the station, used by both foreign travellers and locals. The


title: "Bangkok railway station" content: station is often named as Hua Lamphong in travel guide books and in the public press. In other areas of Thailand the station is commonly referred to as Krungthep Station, and the name Hua Lamphong is not well-known. In all documents published by the State Railway of Thailand (such as train tickets, timetables, and tour pamphlets) the station is uniformly transcribed as Krungthep (กรุงเทพฯ) in Thai. The station was opened on 25 June 1916 after six years of construction. The site of the railway station was previously occupied by the national railway's maintenance centre, which moved to Makkasan in June


title: "Bangkok railway station" content: 1910. At the nearby site of the previous railway station a pillar commemorates the inauguration of the Thai railway network in 1897. The station was built in an Italian Neo-Renaissance-style, with decorated wooden roofs and stained glass windows. The architecture is attributed to Turin-born Mario Tamagno, who with countryman Annibale Rigotti (1870–1968) was also responsible for the design of several other early 20th century public buildings in Bangkok. The pair designed Bang Khun Phrom Palace (1906), Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall in the Royal Plaza (1907–15) and Suan Kularb Residential Hall and Throne Hall in Dusit Garden, among other buildings. There


title: "Bangkok railway station" content: are 14 platforms, 26 ticket booths, and two electric display boards. Hua Lamphong serves over 130 trains and approximately 60,000 passengers each day. Since 2004 the station has been connected by an underground passage to the MRT (Metropolitan Rapid Transit) subway system's Hua Lamphong MRT Station. The station is also a terminus of the Eastern and Oriental Express luxury trains, and the International Express to Malaysia. The station is scheduled to be closed in 2019, when it will be converted into a museum. The State Railway of Thailand plans to move Bangkok's central station to Bang Sue Central Station. Bangkok


title: "Vero man" content: 1913 vertebrate fossils were uncovered during the construction of a drainage canal from the Indian River between Vero and Gifford. Samples of the fossils were sent by Isaac M. Weills and Frank Ayers to the state geologist of Florida, E. H. Sellards, who recognized the finds as Pleistocene animals. In 1915, 26 fossilized human bones and fragments were found in the banks of the canal. The following year Sellards conducted his own excavations at the site, recovering an engraved mammoth tusk and a bird bone with marks possibly made by humans. In a nearby location he recovered human bones from


title: "Five Live (George Michael and Queen EP)" content: to exploit his outward look, which he thought would distract the audience from the music, his main concern). The video was directed by Marcus Nispel. While "These Are the Days of Our Lives" is played by the remaining members of Queen, it is actually a duet between George Michael and Lisa Stansfield. The sixth track—only featured on some releases—is represented by a short performance by Queen, entitled "Dear Friends", originally sung by Freddie Mercury himself. Recorded in 1974, this constitutes the one studio recording on the record. It was not included in the UK vinyl of the EP. Usually, countries


title: "Ilitch Holdings" content: Ilitch Holdings Ilitch Holdings, Inc. is an American company established in 1999 to provide all companies owned by Marian Ilitch with professional and technical services. Her privately held businesses include Little Caesars Pizza, the National Hockey League (NHL) Detroit Red Wings, the Major League Baseball (MLB) Detroit Tigers, Olympia Entertainment, Olympia Development, Blue Line Foodservice Distribution, Champion Foods, Little Caesars Pizza Kit Fundraising Program, and a variety of venues within these entities. Ilitch Holdings subsidiaries manage Detroit's Fox Theatre, City Theatre, Comerica Park, and the Little Caesars Arena. Ilitch Holdings, Inc. is headquartered in the Fox Theatre Building in Detroit,


title: "Powerade Tigers" content: pick), PSBA standout Manuel Caceres (14th pick), St. Francis of Assisi shooting guard Chris Pacana (15th pick), Air21 Express traded their 2006 second round pick for the Tigers 2007 second round pick that was sealed on the draft day, slotman/center Mike Gavino (16th pick), and ex-Letran guard Ronjay Enrile (17th pick) in the second round. At the start of the season, Coca-Cola struggled throughout the conference due to its depleted lineup but had its share of surprising wins over Red Bull and Sta. Lucia among others. The Tigers barely made it to the wildcard phase with a 5-13 record. In


title: "G1 Climax" content: April 2 to May 11, 1976. The tournament featured 14 wrestlers. The top finisher advanced to the final match of the tournament, to face the winner of a three-wrestler round-robin semifinal round. The 1977 World League ran from April 21 to May 30, 1977. The tournament featured 11 wrestlers. The 1978 MSG League ran from April 21 to May 30, 1978. The tournament featured nine wrestlers. The 1979 MSG League ran from April 27 to June 7, 1979. The tournament featured 10 wrestlers. The 1980 MSG League ran from April 25 to June 5, 1980. The tournament featured 10 wrestlers.


title: "Florida State Road 65" content: to County Road 65, there are no signs connecting the two 65s. Originally, SR 65 was co-signed with US 90 to Quincy, then north alone to the Georgia border, where it becomes State Route 241. Sometime in the 1990s , FDOT downgraded the stretch of SR 65 from Quincy to the Georgia border to the Gadsden County government, in which that segment became County Road 65. State Road 65 contains eight related county roads, all of which are in Gadsden County, Florida. These include a county extension of a former segment of SR 65, and several suffixed alternate routes, many


title: "Port Hardy Airport" content: elevation of . The aerodrome was listed as "Servicable - Under construction" with three runways as follows: Port Hardy Airport Port Hardy Airport, , is located southeast of Port Hardy, British Columbia, Canada. The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers. There are no Canada Border staff based at the Port Hardy Airport. Canpass toll free number is available for CBSA service In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed


title: "North Battleford/Hamlin Airport" content: North Battleford/Hamlin Airport North Battleford/Hamlin Airport, , was located northeast of Hamlin, Saskatchewan, Canada. This airfield was built under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during World War II as the R1 - primary relief field - for RCAF Station North Battleford. Pilots trained here using Airspeed Oxford aircraft; it is listed as operating from 4 September 1941 to 30 March 1945. The RCAF Aerodrome at Hamlin was the Relief Landing field for RCAF Station North Battleford, and was located approximately north of the main aerodrome. The site was located north-east of the community of Hamlin, Saskatchewan. The Relief field


title: "USS Lansdale (DD-426)" content: 27 August to 5 September. After escorting another convoy from New York via Halifax to Northern Ireland, she returned to New York from 10–21 October as screen for the battleship , then departed on 2 November with Task Force 38 (TF 38) to escort convoy UGF 2 to north Africa. Arriving Safi, French Morocco on 18 November, she patrolled approaches to Safi and Casablanca until 22 December, when she sailed for New York in a convoy of 41 transports and six escorts. Reaching New York on 10 January 1943, she underwent overhaul until 30 January, when she departed with a


title: "National Animal Identification System" content: and dogs are not included. The first step in the system is identification of locations, or premises, where these animals are housed or otherwise handled, while identification of the individual animals is the second component. The final part of the program is to track animal movement between the various premises. The USDA claims the ultimate goal of NAIS is traceback within 48 hours of a diseased animal's movements, which would be possible once the three components of NAIS are fully implemented. This traceback would enable animal health officials to identify all the animals and locations that have had direct contact


title: "D'Oyly Carte Opera Company" content: on 29 April 1988, and, after touring, opened in London at the Cambridge Theatre in July. The press notices were good, particularly about the musical aspects of the new company; opinion was divided about the staging. "The Observer" thought the productions "miles superior to the later work of the old D'Oyly Carte; better designed, better lit ... better played and better sung." A review in "The Guardian" praised the musical standards, but added, "Gilbert and Sullivan is as much theatrical as musical entertainment and there remains a lot to be done on the visual side." The two operas presented in


title: "Curtis J. Humphreys" content: include: Curtis J. Humphreys Curtis Judson Humphreys (17 February 1898 – November 1986) was an American physicist born in Alliance, Ohio, USA and educated at the University of Michigan. He was chief of the Radiometry Section of the U.S. Navy during the 1940s. He is famous for discovering the Humphreys series of the hydrogen atom. Humphreys married Jeanetta Mae Raum, with whom he had a son Richard and three daughters, Jean, Katherine, and Jamie. He was involved in the Spectroscopic Program covering the NBS and U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona, CA, experiences. His inventions significantly advanced the techniques of radiometry


title: "Thomas Whaley" content: city Board of Trustees (informally called "Mayor") during 1858–1859. Whaley was a Whig, though the position was officially non-partisan. In 1857, Thomas Whaley built a house in San Diego, in the area now referred to as Old Town. It was the first brick house in San Diego. The bricks were made at Whaley's kiln in Old Town, and the walls were finished with plaster made from ground seashells. The one-story wing served as the county courthouse during 1869–1870, with upstairs rooms used as San Diego's first commercial theater and meeting rooms for the County Board of Supervisors and record storage.


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world and in India, located at an altitude of , in the Indian state of Sikkim. It is considered sacred by Buddhists, Sikhs and Hindus. The lake is named after Guru Padmasambhava—also known as Guru Rinpoche—founder of Tibetan Buddhism, who visited in the 8th century. It is claimed that the lake was blessed in the 15th century by Guru Nanak, the spiritual leader of Sikhism, while he passed through this area. The high altitude lake is located away from Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, and about south


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: of the Tibetan (Chinese) border, in the district of North Sikkim. The lake can be reached by road from Lachen via Thangu. The road from Thangu to Gurudongmar passes through rugged terrain with moraine, which has high alpine pastures covered with many rhododendron trees. While Indian tourists are allowed to visit the lake, foreigners need to get a special permit from the Ministry of Home Affairs in Delhi. The lake, fed by glaciers, is located to the north of the Kangchengyao range, in a high plateau area connected with the Tibetan Plateau. It provides one of the source streams which


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: joins the Tso Lahmu and then form the source of the Teesta River. The lake remains completely frozen in the winter months, from November to Mid-May. The lake has an area of and its peripheral length is . However, the size of the lake appears small at the place where the devotees offer worship because the larger part of the lake is not visible due to hilly topography obstructing the view. The area surrounding the lake, also known as Gurudongmar, is inhabited by Yaks, blue sheep and other wildlife of high altitude. The lake is fresh water and used to


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: be very clear; the bed of the lake could even be seen from the middle of the lake. Pollution has muddied the waters in recent years, and the lake has taken on a white tinge and has obscured visibility. A legend related to the frozen condition of the lake is linked to the visit of Guru Padmasambhava to the lake, on his way back from Tibet. When he saw it, he felt that it was worthy of veneration, as it represented the divine location of Dorje Nyima or Chhoedten Nyima. Because the lake remained frozen most of the year with


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: no possibility of providing for drinking water needs, the people of the area appealed to Padmasambhva to help them. The guru agreed to help and placed his hands on a small part of the lake area, which stopped freezing during winter, facilitating drinking water to the people. Since then, the lake has been considered sacred and devotees carry this sacred water in containers. According to another legend, when Padmasambhava visited the lake he saw an auspicious phenomenon and then he considered it a good augury to enter the mainland of Sikkim, then known as Demojong. Some stories say that in


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: the 15th century, Sikh Guru Nanak Dev Ji passed through the lake while on his return from Tibet, he was asked by the local people of Gurudongmar Village to help make the frozen lake a source of drinking water during the winter period, he touched part of the lake with his walking stick, making the lake free of snow throughout the year. The stories also say that he blessed the lake, announcing to the villagers that "whoever takes the water of this lake will gain virility and strength". According to this story, disputed by the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, the


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: lake and the surrounding hills derive their name from Guru Nanak's visit. A dispute arose when on the bank of the lake an Indian Army regiment of Sikhs—located at the border with China—considering the lake as the place visited by their saint Guru Nanak, constructed a Gurudwara in 1997–1998. This created anger among the Sikkimese people of the area, who considered the Gurudwara an illegal construction, because their ancient sacred lake had been sanctified by the visit of their Guru Padmasambhava. The government of Sikkim then constituted a high level committee to examine the issue and submit a report. Documents


title: "Gurudongmar Lake" content: furnished to the committee by the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, Gangtok, agreed with the claim of the local people that it was without a doubt a Buddhist religious place. This was accepted by the committee. The building constructed by the Sikh regiment was then handed over by the Army to the Lachen Monastery on 6 July 2001, in the presence of the Sub Divisional Magistrate, Chungthang, North Sikkim. The monastery placed a lama as a watchman at the lake, entrusted with the task of maintaining it. Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world and


title: "Organization of Chinese Americans" content: at the annual OCA National Convention. The main internship placements are: For over 10 years, OCA has provided assistance to deserving APA students achieve a college education. OCA partners with United Parcel Service, Verizon Wireless, and the AXA Foundation to offer a diverse group of scholarships based on the criteria of achievement and financial need. OCA recognizes the need to support college student organizations and their communities, as they are the next wave of APIA leaders. In carrying out its mission, OCA has established the College Affiliate Program (CAP) to help provide foundations for networking, coalition building and activism in


title: "Tampa Police Department" content: became responsible for developing and disseminating available information to officers through special files and investigations. The Field Instructor system of training newly appointed police officers was established in 1965. Initially, the Field Instructors were the corporals of the squads. Later they were each squad’s top performing and senior officers. 1967 brought a new deployment of manpower with the abolition of the platoon system. A flexible deployment system with 21 squads replaced it. The system deployed officers to areas based on need. The Tampa Police academy received certification as a qualified training institute in 1968 by the State Minimum Standards Training


title: "Facing Reality" content: Facing Reality Facing Reality was a radical left group in the United States which existed from about 1962 until 1970. Facing Reality originated in the Johnson-Forest Tendency led by C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya. It has its origins in the Trotskyist left but regarded the Soviet Union as state capitalist. By 1951, the Johnson-Forest Tendency had left the Trotskyist left to form its own organization known as Correspondence Publishing Committee. C. L. R. James was forced to leave the USA in the early 1950s and Correspondence split. The faction that stayed loyal to C .L. R. James retained


title: "Richard Randerson" content: force against children in certain circumstances. In 2011 he served as Deputy Chair on New Zealand's Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology, also known as 'ACART'. In 2007 he attracted controversy for criticising health workers' right to strike. He also attracted controversy for stating that as he did not believe God's existence could be scientifically proved, he could be considered an agnostic from a scientific perspective. His comments were interpreted in some quarters as an admission that he himself doubted the existence of God. Randerson is married with three children, including the playwright Jo Randerson. His brother, Tony Randerson, is


title: "T. Gary Rogers" content: T. Gary Rogers T. Gary Rogers (c. 1943 - May 2, 2017) was an entrepreneur and executive who acquired and built Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream into a major company. Rogers was formerly a director of Levi Strauss & Co. and he served as the first non-family Chairman of their board in 155 years. Rogers attended Harvard Business School with Bob Haas who preceded him as Chairman of Levi Strauss. Rogers retired from the Levi's Board of Directors on December 3, 2009. He became chairman of the board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco for a term


title: "William Dickson (RAF officer)" content: William Dickson (RAF officer) Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Forster Dickson, (24 September 1898 – 12 September 1987) was a Royal Naval Air Service aviator during the First World War, a senior officer in the Royal Air Force during the inter-war years and a Royal Air Force commander during and after the Second World War. Dickson was Chief of the Air Staff in the mid-1950s, in which role his main preoccupation was the establishment of the V Force and the necessary supporting weapons, airfields and personnel. He also served as the first Chief of the Defence Staff


title: "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" content: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen () is an art museum in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. It is located at the Museumpark in the district Rotterdam Centrum, close to the Kunsthal and the Natural History Museum. The museum opened in 1849. It houses the collections of Frans Jacob Otto Boijmans (1767–1847) and Daniël George van Beuningen (1877–1955). In the collection, ranging from medieval to contemporary art, are works of Rembrandt, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, and Salvador Dalí. In 2013, the museum had 292,711 visitors and was the 14th most visited museum in the Netherlands. The museum was


title: "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" content: established in 1849 as "Museum Boymans" with the collection of Frans Jacob Otto Boijmans (1767–1847). The painter and art dealer, Arie Johannes Lamme, was named the museum's first Director. Much of the museum's original collection was destroyed in a fire in 1864. The collection of businessman Daniël George van Beuningen (1877–1955) was added in 1958, at which point the museum acquired the name "Museum Boymans-van Beuningen". The spelling was changed to "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" in 1996. The museum has a diverse collection ranging from medieval to contemporary art, with somewhat of a focus on Dutch art. Much of the


title: "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" content: collection came to the museum through the two private collections mentioned above, but many others have contributed throughout the years. Among the best-known artists that are exhibited in the permanent exhibition of the museum are Hieronymus Bosch, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Rembrandt, Claude Monet, Wassily Kandinsky, Vincent van Gogh, Maurizio Cattelan, Paul Cézanne, René Magritte, Salvador Dalí, Mark Rothko, Edvard Munch, Willem de Kooning, and Yayoi Kusama. The collection also includes one of the richest assembly of works on paper (etchings, drawings, lithographs, etc.) in the world from the Middle Ages to the present times. The Education Department of the


title: "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" content: Museum organises children's activities, courses, lectures and tours. ARTtube is a website with videos about art and design. ARTtube is produced by Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, M HKA Antwerp, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, De Pont, Centraal Museum Utrecht, Museum Jan Cunen and Rotterdam. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen produces, together with TV Rijnmond, a television series on art. Boijmans TV is based on an idea by Wilfried de Jong. Boijmans TV is created by a team of creative specialists in different disciplines. It is more than an art magazine; apart from the artists, the museum visitor, the attendant and


title: "Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen" content: the employee of technical services appear on the series. Each episode of Boijmans TV can be viewed on ArtTube after it has been broadcast. Sjarel Ex has been the museum director since 2004. The museum had 292,711 visitors in 2013. That year it was the most visited museum in Rotterdam and the 14th most visited museum in the Netherlands. It had an estimated 270,000 visitors in 2015. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen () is an art museum in Rotterdam in the Netherlands. It is located at the Museumpark in the district Rotterdam Centrum, close to the Kunsthal


title: Minworth content: came from "Mynna's Estate". Minworth and Curdworth both originated in the 6th or 7th centuries, being established by Angle settlers, and are historically associated with the Arden family (William Shakespeare's maternal relations). Peddimore Hall is a double-moated farmstead and can be associated with the Ardens from 1298 until 1659. The present farmhouse can be dated to the 16th century. Minworth was originally a hamlet in the parish of Curdworth in the hundred of Hemlingford. Minworth then became a civil parish in the Castle Bromwich Rural District of Warwickshire from 1894 to 1912, then becoming part of the Meriden Rural District.


title: "WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour" content: them a platform to express themselves and surround themselves with the music community. All but some of the oldest shows are archived on the WoodSongs website and can be watched for free. The University of Kentucky is the host of the global WoodSongs archive. This archive is administered by Professor Ron Pen at the John Jacob Niles Center for American Music. DZWR also streams archived episodes of this program every Saturday night. WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour The WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour was created, is produced, and is hosted by folksinger Michael Johnathon. The WoodSongs Old-Time Radio Hour is an all


title: "New Jersey in the 20th century" content: allowed to serve four years instead of three, and a bicameral Legislature was created, consisting of a 40-member Senate and an 80-member Assembly. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and blacks. In 1947 the Trenton Six Case went to trial in Trenton, New Jersey. Six African American defendants were convicted by an all-white jury and sentenced to death for the murder of an elderly white shopkeeper based on coerced confessions. In the 1950s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey planned and built the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the cities of


title: "Preševo Valley" content: gradual opening of the borders. Lacking the attention of the international media, the incidents paused as the activities spread south of the border into Macedonia from where the twin organization National Liberation Army, engaged in a war against Macedonian authorities. The Presevo valley conflict ended after international intervention that led to peace treaty, which demilitarise the area, amnestied UÇPMB and granted to the Yugoslav army entry to the region under NATO's approval. In September 2007, Boris Tadić stated "that former and current terrorists, who recently managed to escape from prison in Kosovo, were located in northern regions of the Republic


title: "High-speed rail in the United States" content: and certain MARC Penn Line express trains (the three services reaching ) are the only high-speed services in the country according to American standards, but elsewhere in the world "high speed" means services at or above . As of 2017, the California High-Speed Rail Authority is working on the California High Speed Rail project and construction is under way on sections traversing the Central Valley. Phase I will be completed in 2029, and Phase II will likely be completed before 2040. Authorities in the United States maintain various definitions of high-speed rail. The definitions range from rail services with top


title: "1912 Indianapolis 500" content: line, but in twofold futile endeavour: Speedway rules, requiring that all entries move under their own power, mark DePalma's final number of circuits at 198, and the push across the line, even if to be counted, bringing them only to the beginning of the final lap. Dawson's run in the American-manufactured, four-cylinder National, with a winning time of 6:21:06 and averaging 78.719 mph (126.686 km/h), is twenty-one minutes two seconds faster than the previous 1911 record; The National team garners $20,000 and additional contingency awards. Throughout the remainder of the field, only the top ten finishers earn prize money, rules


title: "Tadpole Galaxy" content: Tadpole Galaxy The Tadpole Galaxy is a disrupted barred spiral galaxy located 420 million light-years from Earth in the northern constellation Draco. Its most dramatic feature is a massive trail of stars about 280,000 light-years long; the size of the galaxy has been attributed to a merger with a smaller galaxy that is believed to have occurred about 100 million years ago. The galaxy is filled with bright blue star clusters. It is hypothesized that a more compact intruder galaxy crossed in front of the Tadpole Galaxy—from left to right from the perspective of Earth—and was slung around behind the


title: "American flamingo" content: American flamingo The American flamingo ("Phoenicopterus ruber") is a large species of flamingo closely related to the greater flamingo and Chilean flamingo. It was formerly considered conspecific with the greater flamingo, but that treatment is now widely viewed (e.g. by the American and British Ornithologists' Unions) as incorrect due to a lack of evidence. It is also known as the Caribbean flamingo, although it is present in the Galápagos Islands. In Cuba, it is also known as the greater flamingo. It is the only flamingo that naturally inhabits North America. The American flamingo breeds in the Galápagos, coastal Colombia, Venezuela


title: "American flamingo" content: and nearby islands, Trinidad and Tobago, along the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, Virgin Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The population in Galápagos differs genetically from that in the Caribbean, and the Galápagos flamingos are significantly smaller, exhibit differences in body shape sexual dimorphism, and lay smaller eggs. They are sometimes separated as "Phoenicopterus ruber glyphorhynchus". Its preferred habitats are similar to those of its relatives: saline lagoons, mudflats, and shallow, brackish, coastal or inland lakes. An example habitat is the Petenes mangroves ecoregion of the Yucatán. The American flamingo was also found


title: "American flamingo" content: in South Florida, which was likely the northernmost extent of its distribution. The existence of flamingo eggs in museum collections labeled as collected from Florida indicates that they likely nested there as well. Since the arrival of Europeans, the population started to decline, up until the 1900s, where it was considered completely extirpated. During the 1950s, birds from the captive population at Hialeah Park frequently escaped, thus leading to the conclusion that all modern flamingos in Florida were escapees, although at least one bird banded as a chick in the Yucatán Peninsula has been sighted in Everglades National Park, and


title: "American flamingo" content: others may be vagrant birds from Cuba . However, a study published in 2018, involving an abandoned flamingo named Conchy found in Key West, indicates that the occasional flamingos seen in the present throughout Florida are in fact natives, with some even permanently staying in Florida Bay year-round. The study also indicated that these flamingos may be increasing in population and reclaiming their lost land. Large flocks of flamingos are still known to visit Florida from time to time, most notably in 2014, when a very large flock of over 147 flamingos temporarily stayed at Stormwater Treatment Area 2, on


title: "American flamingo" content: Lake Okeechobee, with a few returning the following year.. From a distance, untrained eyes can also confuse it with the roseate spoonbill. The American flamingo is a large wading bird with reddish-pink plumage. Like all flamingos, it lays a single chalky-white egg on a mud mound, between May and August; incubation until hatching takes from 28 to 32 days; both parents brood the young for a period up to 6 years when they reach sexual maturity. Their life expectancy of 40 years is one of the longest in birds. Adult American flamingos are smaller on average than greater flamingos, but


title: "American flamingo" content: are the largest flamingos in the Americas. They measure from tall. The males weigh an average of , while females average . Most of its plumage is pink, giving rise to its earlier name of rosy flamingo and differentiating adults from the much paler greater flamingo. The wing coverts are red, and the primary and secondary flight feathers are black. The bill is pink and white with an extensive black tip. The legs are entirely pink. The call is a goose-like honking. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies.


title: "American flamingo" content: Mating and bonding behaviors of "P. ruber" individuals have been extensively studied in captivity. The American flamingo is usually monogamous when selecting a nest site, and incubating and raising young; however, extra-pair copulations are frequent. While males usually initiate courtship, females control the process. If interest is mutual, a female walks by the male, and if the male is receptive, he walks with her. Both parties make synchronized movements until one member aborts this process. For low-intensity courtships, males and females walk in unison with their heads raised. In high-intensity courtships, males and females walk at a quick pace with


title: "American flamingo" content: their heads dropped in a false feeding posture. This high-intensity courtship stops at any point if either bird turns and the other does not follow, the heads are raised, unison movements are stopped, or the pace of movement is slowed. If the female is ultimately receptive to copulation, she stops walking and presents for the male. Long-term pairs do not frequently engage in courtship behaviors or in-group display. Pairs often stand, sleep, and eat in close proximity. Courtship is most often seen among individuals that change partners often or are promiscuous. A spectrum of pairing relationships is seen. Some birds


title: "American flamingo" content: have a long-term partner throughout the year; others form pairs during periods of courtship and nest attendance. How long a relationship lasts is affected by many factors, including addition and removal of adults, maturation of juveniles, and occurrence of trios and quartets. In most pairs, both individuals usually construct and defend the nest site. In rare cases, one individual undertakes both duties. Within trios, the dominant pair begins the nesting process by choosing and then defending the site. For trios with one male and two females, the subordinate female is tolerated by the male, but often fights with the dominant


title: "American flamingo" content: female. If two females share a nest and both lay an egg, one female will try to destroy the other egg or roll it out of the nest. For trios with two males and one female, the subordinate male is tolerated by both individuals and often becomes the primary incubator and caregiver of the chicks. For quartets, the dominant male and two females take care of the nest, while the subordinate male remains around the periphery, never gaining access to the nest. Less animosity is observed between the dominant and subordinate females in quartets compared to trios. The egg is


title: "American flamingo" content: attended constantly and equally by alternating parents. Chicks at the nest are attended constantly by alternating parents, up to 7–11 days of age. Most attentive periods during incubation and brooding last 21–60 hours, both in the case where the ‘off-duty’ parents remain in the same lagoon to feed, or (when breeding occurs in lagoons deficient in food), they fly to other lagoons to feed. Nest reliefs during incubation take place predominantly in late afternoon, or early morning. The time for receiving food from parents decreases from hatching to about 105 days, and the decrease is greatest after the chicks have


title: "American flamingo" content: left the nest at 7–11 days to band into crèches. The frequency and the duration of feeds by male and female partners do not differ significantly. After chicks have left the nest, feeds are predominantly nocturnal. The American flamingo has adapted to its shallow-water environment in several ways. It has evolved long legs and large webbed feet to wade and stir up the bottom of the water bed to bring up their food source to then be retrieved. To feed, it has evolved a specialized beak which is hooked downward and features marginal lamellae on the upper mandible, and inner


title: "American flamingo" content: and outer lamellae on both the upper and lower mandibles. These are adapted for filtering out differently sized food from water. Depending on the food source in their area, diets depend on the exact morphology of their beaks on what can and cannot be strained out of them. It submerges its head under water to retrieve its food, and may have its head under water for long times, which requires it to hold its breath. Factors which affect the habitat choice of American flamingos are environmental temperatures, water depth, food source, accessibility of an area, and the presence of vegetation


title: "American flamingo" content: beds in feeding areas. If available food items do not meet the needs of the flamingos or the temperature is not appropriate to their requirements, they move to a better feeding or more temperate area. The role of osmoregulation—the maintenance of a precise balance of solute and water concentrations within the body—is performed by a number of bodily functions working together. In "P. ruber", the kidney, the lower gastrointestinal tract, and the salt glands work together to maintain the homeostasis between ions and fluids. In mammals, the kidneys and urinary bladder are the primary organs used in osmoregulation. Birds, however,


title: "American flamingo" content: lack a urinary bladder and must compensate using these three organs. American flamingos are saltwater birds that ingest food with a high salt content and mostly drink salt water (with an osmolarity of usually 1000), hyperosmotic to the bodies cells . Also, though not commonly, they can drink fresh water at near-boiling temperatures from geysers. From their high-salt diet, they would lose more water and have a greater salt uptake. One way in which they osmoregulate is through the use of a salt gland, which is found in their beaks. This salt gland helps excrete excess salt from the body


title: "American flamingo" content: through the nasal openings in the flamingo's beaks. When these birds consume salt, the osmolarity increases in the blood plasma through the gut. This causes water to move out of the cells, increasing extracellular fluids. Both these changes, in turn, activate the salt glands of the bird, but before any activity occurs in the salt glands, the kidney has to reabsorb the ingested sodium from the small intestine. As seen in other saltwater birds, the fluid that is excreted has been seen to have an osmolarity greater than that of the salt water, but this varies with salt consumption and


title: "American flamingo" content: body size. As food and saltwater are ingested, sodium and water absorption begins through the walls of the gut and into the extracellular fluid. Sodium is then circulated to the kidney, where the plasma undergoes filtration by the renal glomerulus. Although birds' kidneys tend to be larger in size, they are inefficient in producing concentrated urine that is significantly hyperosmotic to their blood plasma. This form of secretion would cause dehydration from water loss. Therefore, sodium and water are reabsorbed into the plasma by renal tubules. This increase in osmotic plasma levels causes extracellular fluid volume to increase, which triggers


title: "American flamingo" content: receptors in both the brain and heart. These receptors then stimulate salt gland secretion and sodium is able to efficiently leave the body through the nares while maintaining a high body water level. Flamingos, like many other marine birds, have a high saline intake, yet even the glomular filtration rate (GFR) remains unchanged. This is because of the salt glands; high concentrations of sodium are present in the renal filtrate, but can be reabsorbed almost completely where it is excreted in high concentrations in the salt glands. Renal reabsorption can be increased through the output of the antidiuretic hormone called


title: "American flamingo" content: arginine vasotacin (AVT). AVT opens protein channels in the collection ducts of the kidney called aquaporins. Aquaporins increase the membrane permeability to water, as well as causes less water to move from the blood and into the kidney tubules. The salt gland used by the American flamingo has two segments, a medial and lateral segment. These segments are tube shaped glands that consist of two cell types. The first is the cuboidal – peripheral cells which are small, triangular shaped cells which have only a few mitochondria. The second specialized cells are the principal cells which are found down the


title: "American flamingo" content: length of the secretory tubules, and are rich in mitochondria. These cells are similar to the mitochondria rich cells found in teleost fish. These cells within the salt gland employ several types of transport mechanisms that respond to osmoregulatory loads. Sodium-Potassium ATPase works with a Sodium-Chloride cotransporter (also known as the NKCC), and a basal potassium channel to secrete salt (NaCl) into secretory tubes. The ATPase uses energy from ATP to pump three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell. The potassium channel allows potassium ions to diffuse out of the cell. The cotransporter


title: "American flamingo" content: pumps one sodium, potassium and two chloride ions into the cell. The chloride ion diffuses through the apical membrane into the secretory tube and the sodium follows via a paracellular route. This is what forms the hyperosmotic solution within the salt glands. Although there has been little investigation on the specific circulatory and cardiovascular system of the phoenicopteridae, they possess the typical features of an avian circulatory system. As is seen in other aves, the flamingo's circulatory system is closed maintaining a separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This maximizes their efficiency to meet their high metabolic needs during flight.


title: "American flamingo" content: Due to this need for increased cardiac output, the avian heart tends to be larger in relation to body mass than what is seen in most mammals. The avian circulatory system is driven by a four-chambered, myogenic heart contained in a fibrous pericardial sac. This pericardial sac is filled with a serous fluid for lubrication. The heart itself is divided into a right and left half, each with an atrium and ventricle. The atrium and ventricles of each side are separated by atrioventricular valves which prevent back flow from one chamber to the next during contraction. Being myogenic, the hearts


title: "American flamingo" content: pace is maintained by pacemaker cells found in the sinoatrial node, located on the right atrium. The sinoatrial node uses calcium to cause a depolarizing signal transduction pathway from the atrium through right and left atrioventricular bundle which communicates contraction to the ventricles. The avian heart also consists of muscular arches that are made up of thick bundles of muscular layers. Much like a mammalian heart, the avian heart is composed of endocardial, myocardial and epicardial layers. The atrium walls tend to be thinner than the ventricle walls, due to the intense ventricular contraction used to pump oxygenated blood throughout


title: "American flamingo" content: the body. Similar to the atrium, the arteries are composed of thick elastic muscles to withstand the pressure of the ventricular constriction, and become more rigid as they move away from the heart. Blood moves through the arteries, which undergo vasoconstriction, and into arterioles which act as a transportation system to distribute primarily oxygen as well as nutrients to all tissues of the body. As the arterioles move away from the heart and into individual organs and tissues they are further divided to increase surface area and slow blood flow. Travelling through the arterioles blood moves into the capillaries where


title: "American flamingo" content: gas exchange can occur. Capillaries are organized into capillary beds in tissues, it is here that blood exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide waste. In the capillary beds blood flow is slowed to allow maximum diffusion of oxygen into the tissues. Once the blood has become deoxygenated it travels through venules then veins and back to the heart. Veins, unlike arteries, are thin and rigid as they do not need to withstand extreme pressure. As blood travels through the venules to the veins a funneling occurs called vasodilation bringing blood back to the heart. Once the blood reaches the heart it


title: "American flamingo" content: moves first into the right atrium, then the left ventricle to be pumped through the lungs for further gas exchange of carbon dioxide waste for oxygen. Oxygenated blood then flows from the lungs through the left atrium to the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the body. With respect to thermoregulation, the American flamingo has highly vascularized feet that use a countercurrent exchange system in there legs and feet. This method of thermoregulation keeps a constant gradient between the veins and arteries that are in close proximity in order to maintain heat within the core and minimize heat


title: "American flamingo" content: loss or gain in the extremities. Heat loss is minimized while wading in cold water, while heat gain is minimized in the hot temperatures during rest and flight. Avian hearts are generally larger than mammalian hearts when compared to body mass. This adaptation allows more blood to be pumped to meet the high metabolic need associated with flight. Birds, like the flamingo, have a very efficient system for diffusing oxygen into the blood; birds have a ten times greater surface area to gas exchange volume than mammals. As a result, birds have more blood in their capillaries per unit of


title: "American flamingo" content: volume of lung than a mammal. The American flamingo's four-chambered heart is myogenic, meaning that all the muscle cells and fibers have the ability to contract rhythmically. The rhythm of contraction is controlled by the pace maker cells which have a lower threshold for depolarization. The wave of electrical depolarization initiated here is what physically starts the heart's contractions and begins pumping blood. Pumping blood creates variations in blood pressure and as a result, creates different thicknesses of blood vessels. The Law of LaPlace can be used to explain why arteries are relatively thick and veins are thin. It was


title: "American flamingo" content: widely thought that avian blood had special properties which attributed to a very efficient extraction and transportation of oxygen in comparison to mammalian blood. This is not true; there is no real difference in the efficiency of the blood, and both mammals and birds use a hemoglobin molecule as the primary oxygen carrier with little to no difference in oxygen carrying capacity. Captivity and age have been seen to have an effect on the blood composition of the American flamingo. A decrease in white blood cell numbers was predominate with age in both captive and free living flamingos, but captive


title: "American flamingo" content: flamingos showed a higher white blood cell count than free living flamingos. One exception occurs in free living flamingos with regards to white blood cell count. The number of eosinophils in free living birds are higher because these cells are the ones that fight off parasites with which a free living bird may have more contact than a captive one. Captive birds showed higher hematocrit and red blood cell numbers than the free living flamingos, and a blood hemoglobin increase was seen with age. An increase in hemoglobin would correspond with an adults increase in metabolic needs. A smaller mean


title: "American flamingo" content: cellular volume recorded in free living flamingos coupled with similar mean hemoglobin content between captive and free living flamingos could show different oxygen diffusion characteristics between these two groups. Plasma chemistry remains relatively stable with age but lower values of protein content, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were seen in free living flamingos. This trend can be attributed to shortages and variances in food intake in free living flamingos. Avian erythrocytes (red blood cells) have been shown to contain approximately ten times the amount of taurine (an amino acid) as mammal erythrocytes. Taurine has a fairly large list of


title: "American flamingo" content: physiological functions; but in birds, it can have an important influence on osmoregulation. It helps the movement of ions in erythrocytes by altering the permeability of the membrane and regulating osmotic pressure within the cell. The regulation of osmotic pressure is achieved by the influx or efflux of taurine relative to changes in the osmolarity of the blood. In a hypotonic environment, cells will swell and eventually shrink; this shrinkage is due to efflux of taurine. This process also works in the opposite way in hypertonic environments. In hypertonic environments cells tend to shrink and then enlarge; this enlargement is


title: "American flamingo" content: due to an influx in taurine, effectively changing the osmotic pressure. This adaptation allows the flamingo to regulate between differences in salinity. Relatively few studies have focused on the flamingo respiratory system, however little to no divergences from the standard avian anatomical design have occurred in their evolutionary history. Nevertheless, some physiological differences do occur in the flamingo and structurally similar species. The respiratory system is not only important for efficient gas exchange, but for thermoregulation and vocalization. Thermoregulation is important for flamingos as they generally live in warm habitats and their plush plumage increases body temperature. Heat loss is


title: "American flamingo" content: accomplished through thermal polypnea (panting), that is an increase in respiratory rate. It has been seen that the medulla, hypothalamus and mid-brain are involved in the control of panting, as well through the Hering-Breuer reflex that uses stretch receptors in the lungs, and the vagus nerve. This effect of the panting is accelerated by a process called gular fluttering; rapid flapping of membranes in the throat which is synchronized with the movements of the thorax. Both of these mechanisms promote evaporative heat loss, which allows for the bird to push out warm air and water from the body. Increases in


title: "American flamingo" content: respiratory rate would normally cause respiratory alkalosis because carbon dioxide levels are rapidly dropping in the body, but the flamingo is able to bypass this, most likely through a shunt mechanism, which allow it to still maintain a sustainable partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood. Since the avian integument is not equipped with sweat glands, cutaneous cooling is minimal. Because the flamingo's respiratory system is shared with multiple functions, panting must be controlled to prevent hypoxia. For a flamingo, having such a long neck means adapting to an unusually long trachea. Tracheas are an important area of the


title: "American flamingo" content: respiratory tract; aside from directing air in and out of the lungs, it has the largest volume of dead space in the tract. Dead space in avians is around 4.5 times higher in mammals of roughly the same size. In particular, flamingos have a trachea that is longer than its body length with 330 cartilaginous rings. As a result, they have a calculated dead space twice as high as another bird of the same size. To compensate for the elongation, they usually breathe in deep, slow patterns. One hypothesis for the bird's adaptation to respiratory alkalosis is tracheal coiling. Tracheal


title: "American flamingo" content: coiling is an overly long extension of the trachea and can often wrap around the bird's body. When faced with a heat load, birds often use thermal panting and this adaptation of tracheal coiling allows ventilation of non-exchange surfaces which can enable the bird to avoid respiratory alkalosis. The flamingo uses a "flushout" pattern of ventilation where deeper breaths are essentially mixed in with shallow panting to flush out carbon dioxide and avoid alkalosis. The increased length of the trachea provides a greater ability for respiratory evaporation and cooling off without hyperventilation. Thermoregulation is a matter of keeping a consistent


title: "American flamingo" content: body temperature regardless of the surrounding ambient temperature. Flamingos require both methods of efficient heat retention and release. Even though the American flamingo resides mainly close to the equator where there is relatively little fluctuation in temperature, seasonal and circadian variations in temperature must be accounted for. Like all animals, flamingos maintain a relatively constant basal metabolic rate (BMR); the metabolic rate of an animal in its thermoneutral zone (TNZ) while at rest. The BMR is a static rate which changes depending on factors such as the time of day or seasonal activity. Like most other birds, basic physiological adaptations


title: "American flamingo" content: control both heat loss in warm conditions and heat retention in cooler conditions. Using a system of countercurrent blood flow, heat is efficiently recycled through the body rather than being lost through extremities such as the legs and feet. Living in the equatorial region of the world, the American flamingo has little variation in seasonal temperature changes. However, as a homeothermic endotherm it is still faced with the challenge of maintaining a constant body temperature while being exposed to both the day (light period) and night (dark period) temperatures of its environments. "Phoenicopterus ruber" have evolved a number of thermoregulatory


title: "American flamingo" content: mechanisms to keep itself cool during the light period and warm during the dark period without expending too much energy. The American flamingo has been observed in a temperature niche between . In order to prevent water loss through evaporation when temperatures are elevated the flamingo will employ hyperthermia as a nonevaporative heat loss method keeping its body temperature between . This allows heat to leave the body by moving from an area of high body temperature to an area of a lower ambient temperature. Flamingos are also able to use evaporative heat loss methods such as, cutaneous evaporative heat


title: "American flamingo" content: loss and respiratory evaporative heat loss. During cutaneous heat loss, "Phoenicopterus ruber" relies on evaporation off of the skin to reduce its body temperature. This method is not very efficient as it requires evaporation to pass through the plumage. A more efficient way to reduce its body temperature is through respiratory evaporative heat loss, where the flamingo engages in panting to expel excessive body heat. During the dark period the flamingos tend to tuck their heads beneath their wing to conserve body heat. They may also elicit shivering as a means of muscular energy consumption to produce heat as needed.


title: "American flamingo" content: One of the most distinctive attribute of "P. ruber" is its unipedal stance, or the tendency to stand on one leg. While the purpose of this iconic posture remains ultimately unanswered, strong evidence supports its function in regulating body temperature. Like most birds, the largest amount of heat is lost through the legs and feet; having long legs can be a major disadvantage when temperatures fall and heat retention is most important. By holding one leg up against the ventral surface of the body, the flamingo lowers the surface area by which heat exits the body. Moreover, it has been


title: "American flamingo" content: observed that during periods of increased temperatures such as mid-day, flamingos will stand on both legs. Holding a bipedal stance multiplies the amount of heat lost from the legs and further regulates body temperature. Like other flamingo species, American flamingos will migrate short distances to ensure that they get enough food or because their current habitat has been disturbed in some way. One habitat disturbance that has been observed to cause flamingos to leave their feeding grounds is elevated water levels. These conditions make it difficult for "Phoenicopterus ruber" to wade, hindering their ability to access food. The flamingos will


title: "American flamingo" content: then abandon their feeding grounds in search of an alternate food source. While the flights are not as long as other migratory birds, flamingos still fly for periods without eating. For the most part flamingos are not all that different from other salt water wading birds. They will fast when migrating to a new habitat or the chicks may not receive food daily depending on food availability. American flamingo The American flamingo ("Phoenicopterus ruber") is a large species of flamingo closely related to the greater flamingo and Chilean flamingo. It was formerly considered conspecific with the greater flamingo, but that


title: "Chris Clark (ice hockey)" content: Langway and Dale Hunter. During the 2011 off season Clark accepted a try-out invitation from the Boston Bruins. Despite having an impressive pre-season, he was released from the Bruins training camp on October 5, 2011 without a contract. On November 3, 2011, Clark was signed to a professional tryout agreement with the Providence Bruins. Clark was released by the Providence Bruins on November 21, 2011 after six games due to the fact he failed to score a point during his tryout period. After he was released by the Providence Bruins, Clark took up a scouting position within the Blue Jackets


title: "Kanwal, New South Wales" content: row after the election of 2001 with 42,151 of the 75,398 votes (55.90%). Kanwal is also a part of the Electoral district of Wyong and in the state election of 2003 contributed 3008 out of 46,884 total votes in the electoral district. Paul Crittenden of the Australian Labor Party received 1,598 of the votes (53.13%), followed by Ben Morton of the Liberal Party with 984 votes (32.71%) and Scott Ian Rickard of the Australian Greens party with 128 votes (4.26%). Paul Crittenden went on to win the election with a total of 24,644 (53.82%) votes. Kanwal, New South Wales Kanwal


title: "Karthik (actor)" content: Nadu Legislative Assembly election. He joined the All India Forward Bloc, and was appointed as the Secretary of the Tamil Nadu state unit of the party. He led the party during its electoral campaign on 24 September 2006. He later started his own party Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi in 2009 before the Lok Sabha Elections. He contested from Virudhunagar constituency and got only 15000 votes. Karthik's party tried alliance with AIADMK for the 2011 Assembly elections, but AIADMK supremo denied tickets for his party. Karthik announced his party will contest alone in 25 to 40 seats after it was


title: "Granton, Edinburgh" content: 1996. It does not serve a publicly accessible museum function. A new reception and conservation building was built at its entrance in 2005. It has been proposed that the decommissioned Type 42 destroyer HMS "Edinburgh" could be preserved in Granton Harbour. Terry Russell, professional Golfer Granton, Edinburgh Granton is a district in the north of Edinburgh, Scotland. Granton forms part of Edinburgh's waterfront along the Firth of Forth and is, historically, an industrial area having a large harbour. Granton is part of Edinburgh's large scale waterfront regeneration programme. Granton first appears on maps in the seventeenth century relating to the


title: "Takydromus sexlineatus" content: grow a new one when attacked. The long tailed grass lizard is easily identifiable by a long tail, and has a white to cream coloured underbelly with a brown, green or beige back, often adorned with brown stripes of different shades. It typically has a small head with a sharply pointed snout and black or pink tongue. Its body is slightly elongated and thin with small pointy scales beneath the chin resembling a beard. Males have white spots on their sides, while females do not. Males have tails that thicken past the vent and are generally thicker than the female's


title: "1st Battalion, 8th Marines" content: which it could control the road, as its objectives. Near to these was a suspected Iraqi strongpoint in an agricultural area known as the "Dairy Farm." Artillery fired preparation missions on this area as the companies began their final assaults on their objectives. In gathering darkness the battalion's progress slowed as it entered the increasingly restrictive nature of a more urban area. By 18:00 on 26 February, 1/8 had secured its section of the road and established anti-tank ambushes along it. In its movement north the 1st Battalion 8th Marines bypassed some Iraqi formations. With Al Jahrah secured by nightfall


title: "Deal or No Deal (Australian game show)" content: show. Since the 2007 season, the game's format has remained the same. The only changes in the 2007 and 2008 seasons was a logo change in 2007, the removal of the preliminary quiz (which determined who would be the main contestant) and on-screen graphics and music which have been updated several times. Double Deal Friday was dropped in 2008. In 2009, not only was the layout of the money board and the cases changed, but also, once a case is opened, instead of closing it and putting it on the table, the case is left opened to let the contestant


title: Micro-enterprise content: United States. Starting with a small number of non-profit organizations testing developing country models, the field now has service providers in every state, a national trade association (AEO), a growing number of state-level associations and financing intermediaries, and several research and policy organizations. The Aspen Institute and FIELD (Microenterprise Fund for Innovation, Effectiveness, Learning and Dissemination) has collected data on the organizations in the field since 1992. The first directory, in 1992, listed 108 organizations that identified themselves as working in the field. By 2010 this number had grown to over 800 organizations that provide direct services to entrepreneurs—either microfinancing


title: Pinara content: Constantinople (the Photian Council) in 879. Pinara was the birthplace of Nicolas of Myra. Under repeated pressure from invading forces, the city lost its inhabitants in the ninth century. Pinara's ruins were identified by Sir Charles Fellows. From amidst the ancient city, he says, rises a singular round rocky cliff (the "pinara" of the Lycians), literally speckled all over with tombs. Beneath this cliff lie the ruins of the extensive and splendid city. The theater is in a very perfect state; all the seats are remaining, with the slanting sides towards the proscenium, as well as several of its doorways.


title: "Alabama (computer virus)" content: with Alabama: The third symptom is by far the clearest indication of an Alabama infection. It is unknown what the PO Box address in the virus refers to. However, the implication of the message is that Alabama was released in an attempt to curb software piracy. Similar motivations led to the creation of the first known PC virus, Brain. This message also suggests that the PO Box may very well not belong to the author: the author clearly meant Tuscumbia, Alabama, as Tuscambia is not a city. This supports the theory that the virus originated in Israel. On Fridays, Alabama


title: "Portuguese Air Force" content: Air Force, for the air defence, for the air cooperation with land and naval forces and for the air transports. The air zones commands are responsible for the air defense, cooperation with the land and naval forces and other functions delegated on them by its parent air region command. The Portuguese national metropolitan and overseas territory is divided in the following air regions and zones: Meanwhile, the foreseen warning system is developed and their infrastructures built, becoming the Air Defense System (SDA, "Sistema de Defesa Aérea"). Originally, it was planned to include a central command and a network of radar


title: "Spam (gaming)" content: games place heavy restrictions on the most powerful skills to prevent this kind of spamming, however, and it is often only possible through the use of cheats. There is significant overlap with skill spamming and the skill training in some MMORPGs which require a skill to be used to improve it. A player which uses the same skill over and over for this purpose is also said to be skill spamming. This is generally less frowned upon unless done in a highly populated area of the game where the accompanying graphical or sound effects will cause annoyance to others. Spam


title: "Alexander Hewat" content: American history, has been transcribed by Project Guttenberg, and is still in print. Incidentally, the "Hewatt" spelling was apparently introduced after his book was published anonymously; manuscript letters (below) show that he himself spelled his name "Hewat". Hewat came from a long line of Calvinist farmers, notaries and churchmen. The earliest record of the name appears to be a William Hewat (born about 1366); the UK National Archives show he bore witness to a grant of land and tenement at Nustede (Newstead) in 1387. Peter Hewat (born before 1482) was a Notary in Roxburgh Scotland; the National Archives of Scotland


title: "Alexander Hewat" content: British forces by the time Hewat received the honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Edinburgh University on 12 July 1780. He obviously expected to return to his home, for he signed the Laureation Book of the University as a resident of "Charlestown, South Carolina." American animosity against those who had not supported the rebellion relegated loyalists to historical oblivion; nor did the British receive them with generosity or pay them honour for their sacrifice." On the death of his wife (formerly Mrs Barksdale of Charleston), Hewat wrote to G. Edwards, her relation in Charleston, showing much affection still for South


title: "De Zeven Provinciën-class frigate" content: Provinciën"-class frigates can detect and track ballistic missiles at extended range. Although there are no plans to acquire the BMD-capable SM-3 surface-to-air missiles, "De Zeven Provinciën"-class frigates can pass on the tracking and detection data to other sea-based or land-defense BMD assets, including U.S. Navy's warships, that can deal with a ballistic missile threat. This modernization program is scheduled for completion by late 2017 for the entire "De Zeven Provinciën" class. On 3 May 2018 the Dutch Secretary of Defence, Barbara Visser, informed the Dutch national parliament that the evolved sea sparrow missile (ESSM) aboard the "De Zeven Provinciën"-class frigates


title: "Battle of Raymond" content: open insurrection from his subordinates, Pemberton would be forced into the latter choice on May 16, 1863, at the Battle of Champion Hill. As part of Pemberton's plan to hold Grant's army in check along a broad front roughly delineated by Fourteen Mile Creek, Pemberton ordered all reinforcements arriving in Jackson, Mississippi, to march to Raymond, 20 miles (30 km) to the southwest. There they would form the left wing of a force superior in size to the Federal army. In Raymond, arriving reinforcements would be supported by Wirt Adams's Cavalry Regiment, which was scouting the roads for indications of


title: "Penthesilea (opera)" content: Penthesilea (opera) Penthesilea is a one-act opera by Othmar Schoeck, to a German-language libretto by the composer, after the work of the same name by Heinrich von Kleist. It was first performed at the Staatsoper in Dresden, Germany on 8 January 1927. Schoeck used the contrast between C major and F major as a musical basis for his work. Robin Holloway has noted the similarity of theme to Richard Strauss' "Elektra", as well as Schoeck's use of two pianos in the instrumentation. The story is about the tragic love of Penthesilea, Queen of the Amazons, and Achilles. Achilles has defeated


title: "North Korean defectors" content: refugees who are caught in Mongolia are sent to South Korea, effectively granting them a free air ticket. However, using this route requires navigating the unforgiving terrain of the Gobi Desert. Also, tighter border control with China has made this route less common. The Philippines has in the past been used as a transit point for North Korean refugees, often arriving from China and then being sent on to South Korea. There may also be an unknown number of North Korean refugees that have blended into the South Korean community in the Philippines. The country has been hard to reach


title: "Kearney Research and Extension Center" content: of developed at the university to the farmers and business people who need it. "Agricultural Innovation Marks 40 Years at Kearney." "California Agriculture" vol. 59, no. 2 April-June 2005. Kearney Research and Extension Center The University of California's Kearney Research and Extension Center, the largest field station in the UC system, is an active extension facility dedicated to agricultural research. It is located on the border of the cities of Parlier and Reedley, in California's heavily agricultural Great Central Valley. The Kearney Research and Extension Center (KREC) was dedicated under the name Kearney Horticultural Field Station on May 26, 1965.


title: "Geevarghese Ivanios" content: Bishops, Mar Ivanios and Mar Theophilos, the suffragan bishop of Bethany, Fr. John Kuzhinapurath OIC, Dn.Alexander Attupurath OIC and Layman Chacko Kiliyileth made the Catholic profession of faith before Bishop Aloysius Maria Benziger, OCD, then the Bishop of Kollam in Thangasseri Kollam Bishop's house. Many of the members of both the Bethany orders also came into full communion with Roman Catholic Church. Thus a new rite had come in the Universal Catholic Church, that is the Syro Malankara Catholic Church. Thus Mar Ivanios did a historical thing to bring back the non-Catholic marthoma Christians to be under one fold like


title: "Carbon capture and storage" content: 8 generates 240 MW and 90% of the CO (or 1.4 million tonnes) is captured per year. The carbon dioxide captured (99% purity) from the power plant is compressed and piped about 82 miles to West Ranch Oil Field, Texas, where it will be used for enhanced oil recovery. The field has a capacity of 60 million barrels of oil and has increased its production from 300 barrels per day to 4000 barrels daily. This project is expected to run for at least another 20 years and pay for itself after 10 years. The Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus, commonly called the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, among other names, is a species of venomous pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States. It is the heaviest, though not the longest, venomous snake in the Americas and the largest rattlesnake. No subspecies are recognized. "C. adamanteus" is the largest rattlesnake species and is the heaviest known species of venomous snake, with one specimen shot in 1946 measuring in length and weighing . However, other venomous snakes may rival this species in weight. The much longer but more slender king


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: cobra is probably greater in average body mass if not maximum weight, and the shorter but even bulkier Gaboon viper could (but is not verified to) exceed the eastern diamondback rattlesnake in both mean adult body mass and possibly even maximum body mass. Maximum reported lengths for the eastern diamondback rattlesnake are and . However, the stated maximum sizes have been called into question due to a lack of voucher specimens. Males are larger than females. Specimens over are rare, but well documented. Klauber (1998) included a letter he received from E. Ross Allen in 1953, in which Allen explains


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: how for years he offered a reward of $100, and later $200, for an specimen, dead or alive. The reward was never claimed. He did receive a number of range specimens and some skins, but said such skins can be taken from specimens as short as . A specimen was caught and killed outside a neighborhood in St. Augustine, Florida in September 2009. The average size is much less. Specimens are rarely found under 1 foot in length. Lengths of , and are given. One study found an average length of based on 31 males and 43 females. The average


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: body mass is roughly . The average weight of 9 laboratory-kept specimens was , with a range of . Few specimens can exceed , although exceptional specimens can weigh or more. The scalation includes 25–31 (usually 29) rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 165–176/170–187 ventral scales in males/females and 27–33/20–26 subcaudal scales in males/females, respectively. On the head, the rostral scale is higher than it is wide and contacts two internasal scales. There are 10–21 scales in the internasal-prefrontal region and 5–11 (usually 7–8) intersupraocular scales. Usually, there are two loreal scales between preoculars and the postnasal. There are 12–17


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: (usually 14–15) supralabial scales, the first of which is in broad contact with the prenasal, and 15–21 (usually 17–18) sublabial scales. The color pattern consists of a brownish, brownish-yellow, brownish-gray or olive ground color, overlaid with a series of 24–35 dark brown to black diamonds with slightly lighter centers. Each of these diamond-shaped blotches is outlined with a row of cream or yellowish scales. Posteriorly, the diamond shapes become more like crossbands and are followed by 5–10 bands around the tail. The belly is a yellowish or cream-colored, with diffused, dark mottling along the sides. The head has a dark


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: postocular stripe that extends from behind the eye backwards and downwards to the lip; the back of the stripe touches the angle of the mouth. Anteriorly and posteriorly, the postocular stripe is bordered by distinct white or yellow stripes. Common names for "C. adamanteus" include eastern diamondback rattlesnake, eastern diamond-backed rattlesnake, eastern diamondback, diamond rattlesnake, diamond-back rattlesnake, common rattlesnake, diamond-back, diamond(-patch) rattler, eastern diamond-back (rattlesnake), eastern diamond rattlesnake, Florida diamond-back (rattlesnake), Florida rattlesnake, lozenge-spotted rattlesnake, rattler, rattlesnake, southeastern diamond-backed rattlesnake, southeastern diamond-backed rattler, southern woodland rattler, water rattle, water rattlesnake, and diamondback rattlesnake. "C. adamanteus" is found in the southeastern


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: United States from southeastern North Carolina, south along the coastal plain through peninsular Florida to the Florida Keys, and west along the Gulf Coast through southern Alabama and Mississippi to southeastern Louisiana. The original description for the species does not include a type locality, although Schmidt (1953) proposed it be restricted to "Charleston, South Carolina" (USA). The species "C. adamanteus" is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2001). Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: a more threatened category. The population trend was down when assessed in 2007. In North Carolina, "C. adamanteus" is protected by state law and considered endangered within the state. It is likely extirpated in Louisiana, having last been observed there in 1995. In fact some scientists and conservationists believe it may even be extirpated in North Carolina. This species is currently under review for being added to the Endangered Species List by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service due to its recent decline, and the current population represents only 3% of the historical population. "C. adamanteus" inhabits upland dry


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: pine forest, pine and palmetto flatwoods, sandhills and coastal maritime hammocks, longleaf pine/turkey oak habitats, grass-sedge marshes and swamp forest, cypress swamps, mesic hammocks, sandy mixed woodlands, xeric hammocks, and salt marshes, as well as wet prairies during dry periods. In many areas, it seems to use burrows made by gophers and gopher tortoises during the summer and winter. "C. adamanteus" frequently shelters by tunneling in gopher and tortoise burrows, emerging in the early morning or afternoon to bask. Like most rattlesnakes, this species is terrestrial and not adept at climbing. However, it has on occasion been reported in bushes


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: and trees, apparently in search of prey. Even large specimens have been spotted as high as above the ground. It is also known to be an excellent swimmer. Specimens have often been spotted crossing stretches of water between barrier islands and the mainland off the Georgia coast, in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Florida Keys, sometimes miles from land. Individual disposition varies, with some allowing close approach while remaining silent, and others starting to rattle at a distance of . The rattle is well developed and can be heard from relatively far away. When threatened, it raises the


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: anterior half of the body off the ground in an S-shaped coil, and can strike to a distance of at least a third of its body length. Many will stand their ground and may strike repeatedly, but if given the opportunity, they will usually retreat while facing the intruder and moving backwards towards shelter, after which they disappear. One popular myth is that the eastern diamondback rattlesnake must rattle before striking. To the contrary, it is quite capable of striking while remaining completely silent. Hawks, eagles, and other snakes have been known to prey upon young and adolescent specimens of


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: "C. adamanteus". "C. adamanteus" forages actively or lies in ambush for small mammals, especially rabbits and rice rats ("Oryzomys"). The diet also includes birds. Prey is struck and released, after which the snake follows the scent trail left by the dying prey. Because of their large size, adults have no problem eating prey as large as fully grown cottontail rabbits. As the juveniles are capable of swallowing adult mice, they do not often resort to eating slimmer prey, such as lizards. In fact, eastern cottontails and marsh rabbits ("Sylvilagus") form the bulk of the diet in most parts of Florida.


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: Squirrels, rats, and mice are also eaten, along with birds such as towhees and bobwhite quail. Other prey that have been reported include a king rail, a young wild turkey, and a mother woodpecker along with four of her eggs. It also eats large insects. Rattlesnakes, including "C. adamanteus", are ovoviviparous. Gestation lasts six or seven months and broods average about a dozen young. However, the young only stay with the mother for a few hours before they set off on their own to hunt and find cover, thus mortality rate is very high. Females give birth to between 7


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: and 21 young at a time, usually between July and early October. Neonates are in length and are similar in appearance to the adults, except for having only a small button instead of a rattle on the tip of their tails. The eastern diamondback can live beyond 20 years, but life expectancy in the wild is now typically shorter because of hunting and human expansion. Adult wild-caught specimens are often difficult to maintain in captivity, but captive-born individuals do quite well and feed readily on killed laboratory rodents. The eastern diamondback requires a dry and well-ventilated cage with a hide-box,


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: maintained at a temperature of for normal activity. "C. adamanteus" has the reputation of being the most dangerous venomous snake in North America. While not usually aggressive, it is large and powerful. Wright and Wright mentioned a mortality rate of 30%, but other studies show a mortality rate of 10-20%. In proportion to its length, it has the longest fangs of any rattlesnake species, with calculations leading one to expect an 8-ft specimen would have fangs with a total length of over . For comparison, a 5-ft specimen had fangs measuring in length. It has a very high venom yield,


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: an average of 400–450 mg, with a maximum of 858-1,000 mg. Brown gives an average venom yield of 410 mg (dried venom), along with values of 1.3-2.4 mg/kg IV, 1.7-3.0 mg/kg IP and 14.5–10 mg/kg SC for toxicity. The estimated human lethal dose is 100–150 mg. The venom contains a thrombin-like enzyme, "crotalase", capable of clotting fibrinogen, leading to the secondary activation of plasminogen from endothelial cells. Although the venom does not activate platelets, the production of fibrin strands can result in a reduced platelet count, as well as the hemolysis of red blood cells. Even with this defibrination, however,


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: clinically significant bleeding is uncommon. Nevertheless, the venom does exhibit high hemorrhagic activity. It also contains a low-molecular-weight basic peptide that impedes neuromuscular transmission and can in theory lead to cardiac failure. This peptide is similar to crotamine from "C. durrisus terrificus", and makes up 2-8% of the protein found in the venom. In general, the venom can be described as highly necrotizing, mildly proteolytic and containing a large phosphodiesterase fraction. It stimulates the release of bradykinin that can result in severe pain, as well as profound, transient hypotension. Klauber described one case in which the symptoms included instant pain


title: "Eastern diamondback rattlesnake" content: "like two hot hypodermic needles", spontaneous bleeding from the bite site, intense internal pain, bleeding from the mouth, hypotension, a weak pulse, swelling and discoloration of the affected limb, and associated severe pain. The symptoms were further described as strongly hemolytic and hemorrhagic. CroFab and Wyeth's ACP are effective antivenoms against bites from this species, although massive doses may be needed to manage severe cases of envenomation. Generally, ACP is very effective at countering the defibrination syndrome that is often seen, but may do little for low platelet counts. Wyeth's ACP is no longer being manufactured. Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus


title: "Arenga pinnata" content: Arenga pinnata Arenga pinnata (syn. "Arenga saccharifera") is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm, arenga palm, areng palm, black-fiber palm, and gomuti palm. It is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 m tall, with the trunk remaining covered by the rough old leaf bases. The leaves are 6–12 m long and 1.5 m broad, pinnate, with the pinnae in 1–6 rows, 40–70 cm long and 5 cm broad. The fruit is subglobose, 7 cm diameter, green maturing black. It


title: "Arenga pinnata" content: is not a threatened species, though it is locally rare in some parts of its range. It serves as an important part of the diet of several endangered species, including cloud rats of the genus "Phloeomys". The sap is harvested for commercial use in southeast Asia, yielding a sugar known in India as "gur" or in Indonesia as "gula aren". The sap is collected and made as "lahang", a traditional cold sweet drink, and is also fermented into vinegar and "tuak" palm wine. Edmund Roberts talks about drinking an alcoholic beverage made in the Cavite area. He described it as


title: "Arenga pinnata" content: a "fermented" and "intoxicating liquor." He said that it was "the pith furnished with sugar – when the liquor was properly boiled down, a farina...and of the inside of its triangular-shaped fruit a sweetbread was made." The raw juice and pulp are caustic. This crop may develop into a major resource of biofuel (ethanol). The immature fruits are widely consumed in the Philippines (called "kaong") and Indonesia (called "buah kolang-kaling" or "buah tap") and are made into canned fruits after boiling them in sugar syrup. The dark fibrous bark (known as "doh" in India) is manufactured into cordage. In Indonesia


title: "Arenga pinnata" content: the black fibres surrounding the trunk, called "ijuk" fibres, are used as the organic roof material common in Indonesian vernacular architecture. According to the study on bas-reliefs of Javanese ancient temples such as Borobudur, this type of roof are known in ancient Java vernacular architecture. It can be found today in Balinese temple roof architecture and Minangkabau Rumah Gadang "gonjong" horn-like curved roof architecture, such as those found in Pagaruyung Palace. The "ijuk" fibres can also be made into rope, used in brooms, or used as filters to clear the water. According to Sundanese folklore, the spirit known as Wewe


title: "Arenga pinnata" content: Gombel dwells in the "Arenga pinnata" palm, where she also has her nest and keeps the children she abducts. Arenga pinnata Arenga pinnata (syn. "Arenga saccharifera") is an economically important feather palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east. Common names include sugar palm, arenga palm, areng palm, black-fiber palm, and gomuti palm. It is a medium-sized palm, growing to 20 m tall, with the trunk remaining covered by the rough old leaf bases. The leaves are 6–12 m long and 1.5 m broad, pinnate, with the pinnae in 1–6


title: "Victoria Park (Hartlepool)" content: for a 3rd Round FA Cup Game against a Manchester United team managed by Matt Busby, which Hartlepool narrowly lost 4–3. This was regarded by Busby in his biography as being one of the most exciting matches he had ever witnessed. Manchester United later returned later to Victoria Park for a heavily attended friendly, only to lose 6–2. Hartlepool played three Premier League sides in cup competitions at Victoria Park in 2008–09, two of whom, West Bromwich Albion and Stoke City, were beaten by Hartlepool. Their fourth-round tie against West Ham United was televised live on ITV and attracted over


title: "Michal Rozsíval" content: and had to be assisted off the ice. On 11 September 2012, Rozsíval was signed as a free agent by the Chicago Blackhawks on a one-year contract. The Blackhawks would win the Stanley Cup during the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season, defeating the Boston Bruins 3–2 in Game 6. In Game 1 of that series, Rozsíval shot a puck that deflected off Dave Bolland and Andrew Shaw into the net for the game-winning triple-overtime goal. Rozsíval was credited with an assist. On 5 July 2013, Rozsíval signed a two-year contract extension to remain with the Blackhawks. Rozsíval recorded one goal and twelve


title: "Uxbridge F.C." content: their games at Honeycroft, Horton Road, West Drayton UB7 8HX. The ground used to be a former works Sports & Social Club, and was named 'Honeycroft' after their former ground. It has been designated as a 'C' Grade stadium. Uxbridge F.C. The Uxbridge Football Club are a football club representing Uxbridge, currently based in West Drayton, in the London Borough of Hillingdon England. They were established in 1871 and are one of the oldest clubs in the South of England. They were founding members of the Southern League Division Two in 1894 and have reached the 2nd round of the


title: "Monster Cable" content: retailer and are usually less than those found on clothing, jewelry and furniture. As of 1998, Monster spent $13 million a year in training and incentive programs for salespeople. The sales staff are provided data on their performance in selling the cables and top-performers are sent on all-expenses-paid vacations. Monster also hosts its Retailer Awards at CES each year, which the Las Vegas Sun called, "one of the biggest events on the CES party circuit". Monster Cable Monster Inc. is an American company that manufactures and markets about 6,000 products, but is best known for audio and video cables. It


title: "Texas spiny lizard" content: Texas spiny lizard The Texas spiny lizard (Sceloporus olivaceus) is a species of phrynosomatid lizard native to the south central United States, in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, and northeastern Mexico in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí. They are quite common throughout their range, where they can be found in trees or on fences. Adults are in total length, and are typically grey in color with black, white, or red-brown blotching down the back. Patterns vary greatly by locality, but the colors and pattern typically serve to be adequate camouflage against the bark


title: "Texas spiny lizard" content: of trees in its chosen habitat. The underside is usually uniformly light grey in color, but males typically have blue patches on either side of the belly. Their scales have a distinctly spiny texture to them. They have long toes, and sharp claws suited to climbing. The Texas spiny lizard is diurnal and arboreal. Their preferred habitat is mesquite trees, over areas with a significant amount of ground leaf litter, but they are often found in suburban areas basking on fences or climbing telephone poles. Typically shy and nervous, when approached they will usually retreat up a tree or flee


title: "Texas spiny lizard" content: noisily through leaf litter on the ground. They are insectivorous, and eat a variety of beetles and other insects. Breeding occurs throughout the spring and summer months, and clutches of eggs can be laid as often as four times a year. The male Texas spiny lizard also has a peculiar habit when challenged by another male for its territory. The two males will have a push up contest, or so it seems. Both males will begin doing push ups until one of them gives up and runs away. Though not normally found for sale outside of its native range, like


title: "Texas spiny lizard" content: most other "Sceloporus" species, the Texas spiny lizard makes an ideal choice for a small pet lizard. They are hardy, adapt easily to captivity, and readily consume commercially available crickets, though they do require specialized ultraviolet lighting. Texas spiny lizard The Texas spiny lizard (Sceloporus olivaceus) is a species of phrynosomatid lizard native to the south central United States, in the states of Texas and Oklahoma, and northeastern Mexico in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí. They are quite common throughout their range, where they can be found in trees or on fences. Adults are