title: "Cyclura cychlura figginsi" content: Cyclura cychlura figginsi The Exuma Island iguana ("Cyclura cychlura figginsi") is a critically endangered subspecies of northern Bahamian rock iguana that is found on the Exuma island chain in the Bahamas with a wild population of 1,300 animals, it is listed on the IUCN Red List. The Exuma Island iguana, "Cyclura cychlura figginsi", is endemic to the Exuma Cays, it is a subspecies of the northern Bahamian rock iguana ("Cyclura cychlura"). Its generic and specific names ("Cyclura") and ("Cychlura") are derived from the Ancient Greek "cyclos" (κύκλος) meaning "circular" and "ourá" (οὐρά) meaning "tail", after the thick-ringed tail characteristic of


title: "Criticism of Islamism" content: diversity: `If thy Lord had willed, He would have made humankind into a single nation, but they will not cease to be diverse ... And, for this God created them [humankind]` `To each of you God has prescribed a Law and a Way. If God would have willed, He would have made you a single people. But God's purpose is to test you in what He has given each of you, so strive in the pursuit of virtue, and know that you will all return to God [in the Hereafter], and He will resolve all the matters in which you


title: "Naaginn (2007 TV series)" content: her human husband Arjun comes in the way of her revenge . After a lot of turmoil in her life, Amrita gets pregnant. However, in protecting Amrita and the unborn babies, her husband Arjun dies. All the Singh family members die, except for Arjun's grandmother Triveni. Amrita gives birth to identical twins. Triveni and Surmaya come and kill Amrita with the deadly poison, Vasuki. However, another "ichhadhari" snake, Kanishka, helps Amrita who wants to live for her daughters. He advises her to become a ghostly spirit so she can watch over her children. However, she will not be able to


title: "Bin (computational geometry)" content: over again after it is reported at the first bin of intersection. For example, in the figure, "E" is visited 4 times in the query of "Q" and so has to be skipped 3 times. To further speed up the query, divisions can be replaced by right shifts. This requires the number of bins along an axis direction to be an exponent of 2. Against "k"-d tree, the bin structure allows efficient insertion and deletion without the complexity of rebalancing. This can be very useful in algorithms that need to incrementally add shapes to the search data structure. Bin (computational


title: "Jack King (animator)" content: films starring Buddy, and was responsible for the final year of Buddy films. By 1935, Buddy was being phased out in favor of new characters; among them was Beans, an anthropomorphic cat. King directed "A Cartoonist's Nightmare", Beans' first starring role. King directed a total of eight animated shorts featuring Beans. Michael Barrier describes Beans under King's direction as resembling Mickey Mouse's incarnation of the early 1930s. Their designs were certainly similar, with both characters having a white face and black body, but in characterization Beans was a pint-sized hero resembling the plucky, boyish, and heroic Mickey featured in "The


title: "Ramon Salcido" content: six counts of first-degree murder, one count of second-degree murder and two counts of attempted murder. On November 16, 1990, Salcido was sentenced by a jury to the death penalty. Marteen Miller, Salcido's attorney, contended that his client was under the influence of cocaine and alcohol during the time of the slayings. The defense had sought a verdict of second-degree murder or manslaughter under the circumstance that the drugs had put Mr. Salcido in a state of psychotic depression when the rampage began. Investigation Discovery portrayed the Ramon Salcido case in the docudrama series "Evil I", episode: "Killer in the


title: "Applewood Books" content: Mouse Pop-Up Book". In addition, they have developed a strong following for their reprints of juvenile novels like the "Nancy Drew Mystery" series and cookbooks by classic authors like Hannah Glasse, Lydia Maria Child, Eliza Leslie, Abby Fisher, Caroline Trask Norton and Karen Hess. In the 1990s, Applewood published exact facsimiles of the first 5 HARDY BOYS Detective stories, complete with original cover art dustjackets, title page plates, and typeset from each titles original publishing dates [1927-1935] Recently, in 2007, they developed, with the Library of Congress an extensive collection of historical travel memoirs from the 18th and 19th centuries


title: "Labour India Gurukulam Public School" content: instruction is English. However, a three-language method is adopted in all classes, to enable students to be functionally multilingual. Labour India Gurukulam Public School Labour India Public School is a residential school in Marangattupilly, Kerala, India. It offers classes from pre-Kindergarten to Junior College. The school system integrates a sports schedule and community service. It is affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi. Other Institutions : Labour India Arts & Science College (Affiliated by MG University, Kottayam) - BA, BSc, BCom., Labour India College of Teacher Education (Affiliated to MG University) - BEd, MEd., National Institute


title: "Rinconada Bikol language" content: - "a sharp piece of wood, metal or bamboo that gets in and stuck to the flesh accidentally". lokadjô - "a word used to address a dislike person being discussed in a conversation. It is a word included in Bikol Angry Speech Register." paŋadjî - "prayer". Through language evolution, Rinconada Bikol almost lost the phoneme [h], hence, rare. It is often absent in most Rinconada words that are usually present in other Philippine languages. There is no real [h] sound in Rinconada. It is either silent or glided that sounds like a long tonal vowel, or vowel lengthening. The [h]


title: "Shimabara Railway Line" content: the name Shimabara Railway Co. In 1958 direct services to/from Nagasaki were introduced, operating until 1980. Services were disrupted for six months in 1991 owing to lava flows from Mount Unzen, which also caused a one-month service disruption the following year. In 1993 a major lava flow forced the closure of the line between Shimabara-gaiko and Fukae, and services did not resume on that section until 1997. The Shimabara-gaiko – Kazusa section was closed on 1 April 2008 owing to declining patronage. This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia Shimabara Railway Line The is a


title: "Squier Telecaster Custom" content: covers. Squier Telecaster Custom The Squier Telecaster Custom is a model of electric guitar made by Squier as part of their Vintage Modified Series. It is essentially an affordable hybrid design that takes design features from both the Fender Telecaster Custom and the Fender Telecaster Deluxe. From the Custom it take its overall body shape, while from the Deluxe it has taken its pickup configuration of two humbuckers instead of the one humbucker and one single coil configuration that was used on the Custom. The Squier Telecaster Custom II includes two Duncan Designed P-90 pickups instead of humbuckers. Both models


title: "The Three Stooges (2012 film)" content: while in her swimsuit (in her other scenes, she is dressed in standard nun attire). The cast of "Jersey Shore" were each nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple for their work on the film, but lost to Mackenzie Foy and Taylor Lautner for "". The film received a nomination for worst film of the year by the Houston Film Critics Society. "The Three Stooges" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 17, 2012. The release includes behind-the-scenes featurettes, a screen test featuring the three lead actors testing out a scene later reshot for the movie,


title: "Kent Hundred Rolls" content: in the county, many of which correspond directly to villages and towns which still exist today. At the same time, there are a number of place names without an identifiable current equivalent and which may refer to abandoned or renamed settlements. The Rolls are, for the most part, complete however certain areas are not represented or are omitted from the record such as the Cinque Ports, the Isle of Sheppey and Ospringe. The Hundred Rolls were printed by a Record Commission in the early 19th century (1818) in abbreviated Latin. Recent work by the Kent Archaeological Society has produced the


title: "2004–05 San Antonio Spurs season" content: élite stars of the franchise. The outcome was never really in doubt, and the Pistons committed a Finals-record low four turnovers, but even this is often deemed an underestimation of the Pistons' defensive power. The deciding factor appears to have been the lack of possession time for the Spurs. This led to infrequent opportunities to score, and combined with an uncharacteristic scoring slump, the Spurs were only able to manage 71 points. For the second straight game, the Pistons scored more than 90 points against the Spurs. With the first four games of the 2005 Finals being blowouts by the


title: "His Wedding Night" content: but then sprays him with the chloroform in the perfume bottle and takes his money back. The film ends long before the newly wed couple reach their wedding night, as the title might have suggested would be forthcoming. His Wedding Night His Wedding Night is a 1917 American two-reel silent comedy film written by, directed by, and starring Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. It also features Buster Keaton and Al St. John Arbuckle plays a drug store clerk, soda jerk, and gas station attendant, who can be both lazy and dishonest. After he mixes a soda for one customer with elaborate gestures


title: "Virginity test" content: testing.also used to examine sexual offence. Some cultures require proof of a bride's virginity prior to her marriage. This has traditionally been tested by the presence of an intact hymen, which was verified by either a physical examination (usually by a physician, who would provide a certificate of virginity) or by a "proof of blood", which refers to vaginal bleeding that results from the tearing of the hymen. The physical examination would normally be undertaken before the marriage ceremony, while the "proof by blood" involves an inspection for signs of bleeding as part of the consummation of marriage, after the


title: "Mantle cell lymphoma" content: rates, but patients almost always get disease progression after chemotherapy. Each relapse is typically more difficult to treat, and relapse is generally faster. Regimens are available that treat relapses, and new approaches are under test. Because of the aforementioned factors, many MCL patients enroll in clinical trials to get the latest treatments. There are four classes of treatments currently in general use: chemotherapy, immune based therapy, radioimmunotherapy and new biologic agents. The phases of treatment are generally: frontline, following diagnosis, consolidation, after frontline response (to prolong remissions), and relapse. Relapse is usually experienced multiple times. Chemotherapy is widely used as


title: "Özdere" content: agencies, rental car and holiday home services, and the like thrive in Özdere due to its high demand and the town's continuous expansion. The same applies for tour companies and charters. Tourism in Özdere saw its beginnings in the mid-1960s, when the town was first referred to by its current name, and during which the first tourist resorts began their construction. Today, those same tourist resorts and hotels, known today as the Paloma Club Sultan and the Paloma Pasha Resort have 434 and 268 rooms, respectively. Income from tourism and its industry are estimated to be growing each year, and


title: "Julio Cervera Baviera" content: commissioned him in 1884 to explore this area once more. He published "Expedicion geografico-militar al interior y costas de Marruecos" (1885). At the beginning of 1886, Cervera was working in the photoengraving industry in Barcelona. However, in the summer of 1886, under the sponsorship of the Spanish Society of Commercial Geography ("Sociedad Española de Geografía Comercial"), Cervera, the Arabic interpreter Felipe Rizzo (1823–1908), and biologist and meteorologist Francisco Quiroga Rodríguez (1853–1894) traversed the Spanish colony of Rio de Oro, part of Spanish Sahara, where they made topographical and astronomical observations in a land whose features were barely known at the


title: "Douglas D. Scott" content: Sand Creek: History and Archeology of the 1864 Massacre. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Scott, Douglas, Lawrence Babits, and Charles Haecker (editors) 2006 Fields of Conflict: Battlefield Archaeology from Imperial Rome to Korea, 2 Volumes. Praeger Security Press, Westport, CT. Cruse, J. Brett with contributions by Martha Doty Freeman and Douglas D. Scott (contributor) 2005 Battles of the Red River War: Archaeological Perspectives on the Indian Campaign of 1874. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. Scott, Douglas, Lawrence Babits, and Charles Haecker (editors) 2009 Fields of Conflict: Battlefield Archaeology from Imperial Rome to Korea. Potomac Books, Washington, DC (softcover edition).


title: "Organized retail crime" content: Organized retail crime Organized retail crime (ORC) refers to professional shoplifting, cargo theft, retail crime rings and other organized crime occurring in retail environments. One person acting alone is not considered an example of organized retail crime. These criminals move from store to store and even city to city. Working in teams, some create distractions while others steal everything from infant formula to DVDs. Often, they are stocking up on specified items at the request of the organized crime leader. According to Brian J. Nadeau, former program manager of the FBI's Organized Retail Theft Program, “These aren’t shoplifters taking a


title: "Elizabeth Madox Roberts" content: University of Kentucky (then the State College of Kentucky) in 1900 but was forced to drop out after one semester on account of her poor health. For the next ten years, Roberts taught elementary school in the Springfield area with her mother. In 1910 she went to live for several years with her sister in Colorado and it was here that she contributed several poems to a little book of photographs of mountain flowers which would become her first published work. ("In the Great Steep's Garden", privately printed, 1915.) On the recommendation of a professor friend, Roberts enrolled as a


title: "Field with one element" content: came from algebraic number theory. Weil's proof of the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields started with a curve "C" over a finite field "k", took its product , and then examined its diagonal. If the integers were a curve over a field, the same proof would prove the Riemann hypothesis. The integers Z are one-dimensional, which suggests that they may be a curve, but they are not an algebra over any field. One of the conjectured properties of F is that Z should be an F-algebra. This would make it possible to construct the product , and it


title: "Xavier Woods" content: Big E and Kingston reverted to wrestling singles matches with no sign or mention of the other two members of the group.Woods also joined the broadcast team alongside Rich Brennan on August 28, 2014 episode of "Superstars". Despite being disbanded on WWE television, Big E, Kingston and Woods continued their alliance at house shows. On the September 26 episode of "SmackDown", Woods competed in an Intercontinental Championship #1 contender battle royal, which was won by Cesaro. On the November 3 episode of "Raw", WWE began airing vignettes for Woods, Big E, and Kingston, as face characters, with the stable billed


title: "2008 Philadelphia Phillies season" content: the Braves, a series loss to the Mets, and series wins over the Cardinals and the Diamondbacks. In a move to bolster their starting rotation in preparation for the pennant race, the Phillies traded three minor league players, including second baseman Adrian Cardenas, pitcher Josh Outman, and outfielder Matthew Spencer to the Oakland Athletics for starting pitcher Joe Blanton on July 17. The move would prove necessary, as Blanton's start was the only game of their next series against the Mets that the Phillies would win; bullpen pitchers earned the victory (Chad Durbin) or suffered the loss (Ryan Madson and


title: "Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine" content: Veterinary Technology degree is not a pre-veterinary course of study because the curriculum is specific to veterinary nursing. Students do not take the required pre-requisite courses for a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program. After graduation from an AVMA accredited program, in order to practice as a credentialed veterinary technician, the student must take the Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE). Once this exam is passed, the student may be called a registered, licensed, or certified veterinary technician (RVT, LVT, CVT). This title varies from state to state. In many states it is against the law to be called a veterinary technician


title: "George McJunkin" content: and worked for several ranches in Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. He was also reported to be an expert bronc rider and one of the best ropers in the United States. He became foreman of the Crowfoot ranch near Folsom, New Mexico. After a flood which killed 18 people in Folsom, McJunkin assessed damage to the ranch. While patching fence, McJunkin entered a small canyon, where he discovered remains of a giant prehistoric bison, now contained in the Smithsonian. Between the ribs of the bison was a distinctive type of stone tool, now called a Folsom point. Recognizing the significance


title: "The Swingin' Medallions" content: the name, "Swinging Medallions" instead of "Swingin' Medallions". It did not chart, but the second, "Double Shot (Of My Baby's Love)", written by Don Smith & Cyril Vetter and originally recorded by Dick Holler & the Holidays, reached #17 in the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1966, and propelled their full-length album to #88 on the "Billboard" 200. It was recorded at the Arthur Smith Studios in Charlotte, North Carolina. WIST radio jock Tom Gauger was called in to re-mix for release on Smash. The follow-up single "She Drives Me Out of My Mind", hit #71, but the next single,


title: "Monism and dualism in international law" content: "mixed" monist-dualist system; international law applies directly in US courts in some instances but not others. US Constitution, art. VI, does indeed say that treaties are part of the Supreme Law of the Land, as suggested by the quote above; however, its Supreme Court, as late as the recent case of "Medellín v. Texas", has restated that some treaties are not "self-executing." Such treaties must be implemented by statute before their provisions may be given effect by national and sub-national courts. Similarly with regard to customary international law, its Supreme Court stated, in the case of the Pacquete Habana (1900),


title: "Compton, Plymouth" content: Compton, Plymouth Compton or Compton Gifford is a suburb of Plymouth in the English county of Devon. Once a small village, it was developed in the 1930s and now lies between the suburbs of Mannamead and Efford. There are two parts, Higher and Lower Compton named after two farms and now distinguished by their respective public houses. Although essentially infill development between older larger areas, Compton is distinctive in character. The earliest evidence of man in Compton, is from around 3000 BC. At this time, Neolithic stone axes which have been found in Compton, were being made in Penzance, Callington


title: "ZooParc de Beauval" content: in large enclosures. The Manatee Basin is a habitat for a family of West Indian manatees, and ZooParc de Beauval has one of the most successful breeding herds in Europe. The manatee tank is 26 degrees, 1,000 cubic meters of water and 2 meters of glass around part of the tank. As well as manatees, the pool also hosts amazing Amazonian fish and river turtles. Each manatee consumes up to 50 kg of vegetation per day, preferring to eat lettuce, celery and carrots. The first baby manatee is called Sylvester and was born on the 31 December 2001, and was


title: "USS Tristram Shandy (1864)" content: of the devastated fallen Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Two days later, the ship moored at Baltimore, Maryland, where the admiral was greeted with the sad news that the President had been assassinated the previous night in Washington. On 26 April, the ship returned to Hampton Roads to continue her duties as a dispatch vessel, operating off the Virginia Capes, concurrently serving as a lookout and keeping watch for the Confederate ram , believed to be still at sea and unaware that hostilities had ceased. "Tristram Shandy" then conveyed Confederate prisoners of war to Fort Pulaski, Georgia, in late May


title: "Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse" content: Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse The is a historical building that is used as a complex that includes a shopping mall, banquet hall, and event venues. The complex, officially known as the , was originally used as customs buildings, and has two sections: Warehouse No.1 and No.2. It is operated by Yokohama Akarenga Co. Ltd., and located at the Port of Yokohama in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. In the late 19th century, the Yokohama city government worked on constructing new harbour facilities, and the first reclamation work was begun in 1899. The work, completed in 1905, was followed by expansion work


title: "Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse" content: which ended a year later. Planned by a Japanese architect and a government official, Tsumaki Yorinaka, the current Building No. 2 was constructed in 1911, and the current Building No. 1 was erected in 1913. Both were to be used as customs houses. When the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake struck Yokohama, the red brick buildings were damaged, but suffered less than other buildings due to their reinforced structure with iron implanted between the bricks. Repair work continued until 1930, and after World War II, the buildings were requisitioned by the American occupation troops between 1945 and 1956. After the buildings


title: "Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse" content: were returned to Japan, their use decreased with the advent of containerization, and the buildings ended their role as customs houses in 1989. In 1992, Yokohama city acquired jurisdiction over the buildings, and restoration work was carried out from 1994 to 1999. This work, in which the roof and structure of the buildings were strengthened, was conducted by Takenaka Corporation, a Japanese architectural company. After the inside of the buildings was renovated, they were opened as the Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse on April 12, 2002. The complex is divided into buildings No. 1 and No. 2. Both buildings are three


title: "Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse" content: stories high, and are 22.6 metres wide and 17.8 metres tall. The area of Building No. 1 is 5,575 m², with a length of 76 metres, while Building No. 2 has a total area of 10,755 m², and a length of 149 metres. Building No. 1 is regarded as a cultural facility, and is utilized as an event venue for art exhibitions, film festivals, musical competitions and plays. Building No. 2 houses a shopping mall and restaurant arcade, and a balcony from which visitors can view the harbour opened on the 3rd floor in 2007. Other sightseeing spots including Yokohama


title: "Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse" content: Chinatown, Minato Mirai 21, and Yamashita Park are located nearby. On December 10, 2018, it was announced that the Final Stage of SASUKE 36's special would be broadcast live from the Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse on TBS on New Year's Eve. Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse The is a historical building that is used as a complex that includes a shopping mall, banquet hall, and event venues. The complex, officially known as the , was originally used as customs buildings, and has two sections: Warehouse No.1 and No.2. It is operated by Yokohama Akarenga Co. Ltd., and located at the Port


title: "Yashwantrao Holkar" content: Yashwantrao Holkar took the administration in his hands and appointed his men. He appointed Amrutrao as the Peshwa. All except Gaekwar chief of Baroda, who had already accepted British protection by a separate treaty on 26 July 1802, supported the new regime. He freed Phadnawis, Moroba, Phadke, etc., who were imprisoned by Bajirao II and went to Indore on 13 March 1803. The British reinsted Bajirao II as the Peshwa at Pune on 13 May 1803, but soon the Peshwa realised that he was only a nominal peshwa and that British had taken total control. On 4 June 1803, Raghuji


title: "Nay Aug Park" content: and its site is now green space. A small amusement area is now located near the swimming pools. Since the early 2000s the park has been home to the show, which features more than 100 Christmas-seasonal light displays. It begins at the entrance on Mulberry Street and stretches past the tree house, former petting zoo, the playground and pool areas before exiting on Olive Street. Depending on the weather there is a horse and carriage for rides. Admission is free but donations are accepted to help the park throughout the year. Nay Aug Park Nay Aug Park is the largest


title: "Breda Model 35" content: its flaws, namely high vibrations and the requirement for a strong supporting structure. Of the two single mountings (Model 1939 and 1940), the latter (widely used on small units like corvettes, and MAS), partly corrected these faults and had a better sight; however, overall the Breda 20 mm was considered somewhat inferior to the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon (used by the Regia Marina from 1941). All the mountings had an elevation of −10 to +90 degrees. In addition to use as an anti-aircraft gun, the Model 35 was mounted as the main armament in several vehicles. It was initially fitted


title: "Battle of the Buffet" content: perhaps went in with the intention of getting through the game without having to dismiss any players. In the back of his mind was trying to get through a game without having a blow-up and I think Mike did extremely well to keep a lid on things." Everton manager David Moyes and Liverpool midfielder Steven Gerrard analysed the match on Sky Sports, and both agreed Ferdinand was fortunate to remain on the pitch. Although Moyes believed there was minimal contact between Rooney and Campbell in the lead-up to United's penalty award, he sympathised with the referee's decision as Campbell stuck


title: "Edgar Fahs Smith" content: Edgar Fahs Smith Edgar Fahs Smith (May 23, 1854 – May 3, 1928) was an American scientist who is best known today for his interests in the history of chemistry. He served as provost of the University of Pennsylvania from 1911 to 1920, was deeply involved in the American Chemical Society and other organizations, and was awarded the Priestley Medal in 1926. He accumulated a large collection of pictures, books, and papers related to the history of chemistry, which today forms the nucleus of the Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection at the University of Pennsylvania. The collection was designated as


title: "Immigration and crime" content: aged 17–24 are convicted against the penal code. A 2015 study found that immigrant youth had higher incidence rates in 14 out of 17 delinquent acts. The gap is small for thefts and vandalism, and no significant differences for shoplifting, bullying and use of intoxicants. According to the authors, "weak parental social control and risk routines, such as staying out late, appear to partly explain the immigrant youths’ higher delinquency", and "the relevance of socioeconomic factors was modest". According to the American Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Estonians and Romanians were the two largest group of foreigners in Finnish prisons. According


title: "Irving Bieber" content: person whose heterosexual function is crippled, like the legs of a polio victim." When Alan P. Bell, Martin S. Weinberg, and Sue Kiefer Hammersmith's study "Sexual Preference" was published in 1981, Bieber declared that its findings were "totally disparate" with his experience from psychiatric consultation. Bieber arranged a partial translation into English of a paper by the Hungarian pediatrician S. Lindner, who had reported a systematic study of sucking. Sigmund Freud had used Lindner's observation that sensual sucking seems to absorb the attention completely and leads to either sleep or an orgasm-like response to develop his theory of infantile sexuality.


title: "Belmont Mansion (Tennessee)" content: 1855. In 1863, Joseph died in Louisiana, where he was supervising their plantations during the Civil War. Adelicia secretly negotiated agreements with both Union and Confederate authorities to allow 2,800 bales of her cotton to be shipped to Liverpool, England, and sold for a total of $960,000. Despite a two-week occupation by Union General Thomas J. Wood prior to the Battle of Nashville, Belmont Mansion and its contents went undamaged during the Civil War. Only the grounds, where 13,000 Union troops spent those first two weeks of December 1864, suffered damage. Immediately following the war, Adelicia and her four surviving


title: "Derby Theatre" content: October 2008, Derby Playhouse Ltd. ceased operating after a period in administration. The company's last production at the theatre was "The Killing of Sister George" starring Jenny Eclair. The theatre was reopened in October 2009 as the Derby Theatre under the ownership of the University of Derby. The first two productions were by the Derby Gilbert & Sullivan Company who performed "The Gondoliers" and "The Mikado". The University of Derby originally operated the venue in partnership with Derby LIVE, the city council's performing arts programme with the theatre used for both visiting professional companies and as a learning and community


title: "Ernst G. Bauer" content: the field of surface microscopy is the increasing number of the scientists involved in LEEM research, which is reflected in the organization of bi-annual LEEM/PEEM workshops, the first of which was organized by Ernst Bauer and Anastassia Pavlovska in Arizona in 1998. By initiating these conferences Ernst Bauer achieved the exchange of know-how within the LEEM community, which is already very big. Ten such conferences were already held very successfully. Ernst Bauer’s contributed to the sustainable development of society by initiative for Arizona State University’s solar energy program. He initiated successfully in 2006 the Arizona State University’s solar energy efforts,


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn St. Nicholas' Church () is a medieval former church in Tallinn, Estonia. It was dedicated to Saint Nicholas, the patron of the fishermen and sailors. Originally built in the 13th century, it was partially destroyed in Soviet Bombing of Tallinn in World War II. It has since been restored and today houses a branch of the Art Museum of Estonia, focusing mainly on ecclesiastical art from the Middle Ages onward. The former church is also used as a concert hall. The church was founded and built around 1230–1275 by Westphalian merchants, who came from Gotland in


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: the 13th century. While the city was still unfortified, the church had heavy bars for closing the entrances, loopholes and hiding places for refugees. When the fortifications around Tallinn were finished in the 14th century (the town wall enclosed the church and the settlement in 1310), the St. Nicholas' Church lost its defensive function and became a typical medieval parish church. There are only a few parts of the original church that have been preserved through the present. In 1405–1420 St. Nicholas' church obtained its current appearance, when the central aisle received a clerestory above the side aisles in the


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: form known in architecture as a basilica. In 1515 the tower was built higher and covered with late-Gothic spire. In late 17th century the tower was strengthened and secured. The spire was replaced with a Baroque spire with airy galleries, which was raised higher stage by stage through several centuries. The tower is now high. Saint Nicholas was the only church in Tallinn which remained untouched by iconoclasm brought by the Protestant Reformation in 1523 (or 1524). The head of the congregation poured molten lead into the locks of the church, and the raging hordes could not get in. The


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: church was converted to a Lutheran congregation in the 16th century. On March 9, 1944, the church was severely damaged by Soviet Bombing of Tallinn in World War II. The resulting fire turned the church into ruins and destroyed most of its interior (except that of the St. Anthony chapel), including baroque pews, lofts and pulpit. The tower continued to smoke for about a month. Most precious art treasures survived thanks to their timely evacuation from the church. The renovation of the church started in 1953 and was completely finished in 1981. The church tower was again damaged by a


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: fire on October 12, 1982. The tower was burnt out and spire destroyed, roofs of the nave and the chapel of St. Anthony damaged. After a restoration carried out under the guidance of conservator-restorer Villem Raam, the church was inaugurated in 1984 as a museum and concert hall, where the collection of medieval art of the Art Museum of Estonia is displayed. Due to its excellent acoustics, the church is very popular concert hall. Most famous of the artworks in the museum is perhaps a "Danse Macabre" by the Lübeck master Bernt Notke, which depicts the transience of life, the


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: skeletal figures of Death taking along the mighty as well as the feeble ones. "Danse Macabre" or "The Dance of Death" was a popular medieval motif in art. Only the initial fragment of the original wide painting (accomplished at the end of the 15th century) has been preserved and is currently displayed in St Nicholas' Church. The museum contains several other notable late Gothic and early Northern Renaissance works of art. The former High Altar of St Nicholas' Church was made between 1478–1481 in the workshop of Hermen Rode, a master painter from Lübeck. Paintings on the outer flanks of


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: this double-winged altar depict the life of Saint Nicholas, the central part and the unfolded wings expose over thirty wooden sculptures forming the so-called gallery of saints. Several other altarpieces from the same period can be mentioned: the altar of St. Mary from 1500 by the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucy; the altar of the Holy Kin from about 1490, made at Jan Borman’s workshop in Brussels; or the altar of Christ's Passion, made at the beginning of the 16th century by the Brugge master Adrian Isenbrandt at the order of the powerful Brotherhood of Blackheads. A single


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: panel painting by the Master of Schloss Lichtenstein, "Presentation of Christ in the Temple" (1430–1440) and several medieval woodcarvings by Henning von der Heide (depicting St. Nicholas, Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist) (1510–1520) are also on display. Of later works of art, the figure of St. Christopher by Tobias Heinze, (1624) a 350-year-old decorative screen of Bogislaus Rosen's chapel carved by Frans Hoppenstätt, and the epitaph of Antonius van der Busch by Arent Passer (1608) can be mentioned. Around the nave lie a series of 17th century tomb-top effigies like Berndt Reinhold von Delwig and Hermann Nieroth in full


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: body armour. The museum also contains a special silver chamber with the silver treasures of guilds, craft corporations and the Brotherhood of Blackheads The side chapel was used to hold the mummy of Duke Charles Eugène de Croÿ, the commander of the Russian army at Battle of Narva (1700), taken prisoner by Swedish King Charles XII. Charles Eugène de Croÿ died in 1702 and was left unburied, as nobody was willing to pay for the funeral. The air conditions in the chapel where the body was held protected the corpse from decaying and it became an attraction, remaining on display


title: "St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn" content: until 1897, when the authorities finally buried it. St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn St. Nicholas' Church () is a medieval former church in Tallinn, Estonia. It was dedicated to Saint Nicholas, the patron of the fishermen and sailors. Originally built in the 13th century, it was partially destroyed in Soviet Bombing of Tallinn in World War II. It has since been restored and today houses a branch of the Art Museum of Estonia, focusing mainly on ecclesiastical art from the Middle Ages onward. The former church is also used as a concert hall. The church was founded and built around 1230–1275


title: "Red (novel)" content: into him. Justin's blood pours into the lake, violating Elyon's prohibition about blood entering the water. The next day, the water itself has turned blood red and the forest dwellers are all completely infected with the skin disease. Yet Justin's dead body cannot be found in the depths of the lake. Thomas's wife Rachelle remembers a command Justin had once given her to "follow me". First she, Thomas, Johan, and then others including both forest dwellers and members of the Horde, give up their lives in the red water, finding that they, too, are returned to life and completely cleansed


title: "Dominion Energy" content: companies that operated canal and river barging, street lighting, railways, and electric trolleys. In 1787, the Virginia General Assembly created the Appomattox Trustees to promote navigation along the Appomattox River. In 1795, the trustees formed the Upper Appomattox Company to build dams along the river for industrial use, beginning Dominion's history. In 1901, the water rights passed to the newly formed Virginia Passenger & Power Company. Dominion's closest direct corporate ancestor, Virginia Railway & Power Company, was founded by Frank Jay Gould on June 29, 1909. It bought Virginia Passenger & Power soon afterward. In 1925, the name was changed


title: "Fireball (novel)" content: Latin to persuade a Christian to purchase his freedom. It is revealed that the Emperor Julian survived instead of dying on the Persian Campaign, Christianity never became the state religion. The religion was allowed, but it is still a small minority religion. By evidence of his modern wrist-watch, Brad convinces the Bishop that the boys come from a different and more technologically advanced world. The opportunistic Brad offers to help the Pope raise an army to overthrow the Roman authorities, ostensibly to cease oppression of the Christians, but mainly, in return for power, status and wealth for the cousins to


title: "Tristan Island" content: Tristan Island Tristan Island or the Île Tristan is located at the mouth of the Pouldavid Estuary off the French port of Douarnenez in south-western Brittany. It is only about 450 m long and 250 m wide but despite its small size, it has a rich history. It is closely associated with Breton legends and the lost island of Ys. In the Middle Ages a priory was built there and the island was inhabited through much of the 20th century. In the 19th century, it became famous as the site of the first canning factory for sardines fished in the


title: "Ebony jewelwing" content: Ebony jewelwing The ebony jewelwing ("Calopteryx maculata") is a species of broad-winged damselfly. One of about 150 species of Calopterygidae, it is found in the eastern U.S. and southeastern Canada, ranging west to the Great Plains. Other common names include black-winged damselfly. It is between 39–57 mm (1.5–2.2 in). The male has a metallic blue-green body and black wings. The female is duller brown with smoky wings that have white spots near the tips. The naiad is pale brown with darker markings. It lives near wooded streams and rivers, but it can move far from water. Ebony jewelwings mate in


title: "Ebony jewelwing" content: the summer. The male holds the female behind her head with his tail or abdomen. The female lays eggs in the soft stems of aquatic plants. The naiad eats small aquatic insects. When the naiad is fully grown, it crawls out of the water and molts. This damselfly species can be seen almost year-round in some regions. Prey of this species includes the tiger mosquito, giant willow aphid, fungus gnats, crane flies, large diving beetles, eastern dobsonfly, water fleas, green darner, aquatic oligochaetes, caddisflies, rotifers, copepods, amphipods, dogwood borer, six-spotted tiger beetle, freshwater triclads, and green hydra. Predators of this


title: "Ebony jewelwing" content: damselfly include birds such as the great crested flycatcher, American robin, mallard, red-winged blackbird, and blue jay, reptiles and amphibians such as the eastern painted turtle, common snapping turtle, and southern leopard frog, fish such as the bluegill, largemouth bass, yellow perch, creek chub, channel catfish, common carp, and northern hogsucker, mammals such as the big brown bat, and insects such as the green darner, large diving beetles, eastern dobsonfly, and common water strider. The damselfly shelters among various plants and algaes in its habitat, including green algae, yellow water lily, hydrilla, lizard's tail, pickerelweed, common cattail, upright sedge, common


title: "Ebony jewelwing" content: bladderwort, common duckweed, black willow, orange jewelweed, spotted Joe-pye weed, poison ivy, wild grape, sassafras, common greenbrier, and buttonbush. Ebony jewelwing The ebony jewelwing ("Calopteryx maculata") is a species of broad-winged damselfly. One of about 150 species of Calopterygidae, it is found in the eastern U.S. and southeastern Canada, ranging west to the Great Plains. Other common names include black-winged damselfly. It is between 39–57 mm (1.5–2.2 in). The male has a metallic blue-green body and black wings. The female is duller brown with smoky wings that have white spots near the tips. The naiad is pale brown with darker


title: "Jane Sterk" content: Jane Sterk Jane Sterk (born January 14, 1947) is a Canadian psychologist, businesswoman, academic, and politician. She is the former leader of the Green Party of British Columbia and a business professor at University Canada West. In the 2009 British Columbia provincial election she was a candidate in the riding of Esquimalt-Royal Roads and in the 2013 election was a candidate in Victoria-Beacon Hill. She was elected councillor in the Township of Esquimalt in 2005 was elected leader of the provincial Green Party in October 2007. In the 2004 federal election and the 2005 provincial election as a candidate in


title: "Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro" content: Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro (June 4, 1870 – October 23, 1933) was a Brazilian politician. He was a representative (in the local Espirito do Santo's Chamber of Representative and in the Brazilian Federal Chamber of Representatives), a Senator, and the 13th "president" (governor) of the state of Espirito Santo, a position he held from May 23, 1908, to May 23, 1912. Monteiro, who was born in Cachoeiro do Itapemirim ES, is traditionally considered the author of the flag of the state of Espirito Santo, which is formed of three horizontal bands—a cyan band on the top,


title: "Kostas Krystallis" content: worked as a typographer, copy editor and author in an encyclopedia, secretary for the periodical " Η Εβδομάς" ("The Week") and then ticket inspector in the national railway. For a short period he became author in the newspaper "Φωνή της Ηπείρου" (Voice of Epirus) and supported the rights of the population of his home place Epirus, which was still under Ottoman control. At 1893, he lost his job; however, he won a lottery prize and could so afford the publication of a number of works he composed that time. Krystallis died of tuberculosis on April 22, 1894, aged 26. Krystallis


title: "Short sale (real estate)" content: their program. 2. The Lender should verify that any government programs, such as Home Affordable Foreclosure Alternatives (HAFA) eligibility, are explored, including relocation assistance to the borrower. 3. Once approved the Lender should provide the terms of the short sale. Terms can include forgiveness of any deficiency, money incentive for a successful closing, property must be listed by a certain date, and many other incentives. 4. Interviewing real estate agents and selecting the most qualified person to handle your short sale (if you have not already selected a listing agent). 5. It can be helpful to obtain Broker Price Opinion


title: "Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos Iunior" content: Hispania Citerior, dominating La Coruña, where the Vaccaei had defeated his father. Cassius Dio, Roman History, Vol. 3, Books 36-40, Loeb Classical Library, Loeb, 1989; Plutarch, Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans, Benediction Classics, 2015; Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos Iunior Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos Iunior (c. 100 BC – 55 BC) was a son of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos. He was a plebeian tribune in 62 BC, a praetor in 60 BC, a consul in 57 BC and the governor of Hispania Citerior in 56 BC. Metellus Nepos was a lieutenant of Pompey in the campaign and against the


title: "Immigration to Chile" content: many Chilean governors have been of Basque origin. During the 18th century, Chile saw a mass immigration coming from the Basque country. By the end of the 18th century, Chileans with Basque surnames comprised 27% of the Chilean population. Basques became the most important regional group in the population, displacing both the native population and descendants of those born in New Castile, Old Castile, and Andalucía. These immigrant families initially dedicated themselves to their preferred forms of business, and in successive years entered into many alliances with families of Castilian origin possessing lands and titles, giving birth to a new


title: SpursEngine content: processor which has an on chip CPU (the PPE) doing similar work). To enable smoother interaction between the host and the SpursEngine Toshiba also integrated a simple proprietary 32-bit control core. The SpursEngine employs dedicated XDR DRAM as its working memory. The SpursEngine is designed to work at much lower frequencies than the Cell and Toshiba has also optimized the circuit layout of the SPEs to reduce the size by 30%. The resulting chip consumes 10-20 W of power. The SpursEngine is accessible to the developer from a device driver developed for Windows and Linux systems. Software supporting the SpursEngine


title: "Settled insanity" content: intoxicant as a sufficient defense. Moreover, recent rulings have upheld that the insanity need not be permanent to qualify as a defense of "settled insanity". For instance, in a case where a woman with a substance-induced psychosis murdered her mother expert witnesses testified that the defendant had "personality defects" that predisposed her to psychosis, and that the psychosis was triggered by chronic substance abuse and the resulting nine months of hospitalization. The defendant was found guilty because the court ruled that her insanity was temporary; however, the Supreme Court of California overturned the lower court's guilty finding, ruling not guilty


title: "St. Sebaldus Church, Nuremberg" content: Veit Stoss and the stained glass windows. In the church the famous epitaph of the Tucher family can be found. The church had an organ by the 14th century, and another by the 15th. The main organ had been built in 1440–41 by Heinrich Traxdorf, who also built two small organs for Nuremberg's Frauenkirche. Until its destruction in the 20th century it was one of the oldest playable organs in the world, and all the more notable because Traxdorf was one of the first organ builders to depart from the gothic Blockwerk organ by dividing the windchests and separating the


title: "Ellingham, Hampshire" content: John Lisle. In 1658 a final settlement by which Ellingham passed to the Lisles was ratified by William Okeden. John Lisle was assassinated while in exile in Switzerland in 1664, for his part in the execution of Charles I. Alice Lisle, who lived in the Elizabethan house of Moyles Court, was one of the victims of the infamous Judge Jeffreys. Charged with harbouring fugitives after the defeat of the Monmouth Rebellion at the Battle of Sedgemoor, she was executed in 1685. Ellingham remained in the Lisle family until the death of Charles Lisle, who died unmarried in 1818. His nephew


title: "Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+)" content: Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) In enzymology, a mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol and NADP, whereas its 3 products are D-fructose, NADPH, and H. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannitol:NADP 2-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP). This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism. As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class


title: "Little brown bat" content: Little brown bat The little brown bat, sometimes called little brown myotis ("Myotis lucifugus"), is a species of mouse-eared bat found in North America. It has a small body size and glossy brown fur. It is similar in appearance to several other mouse-eared bats, including the Indiana bat, northern long-eared bat, and the Arizona myotis, to which it is closely related. Its mating system is polygynandrous, or promiscuous, and females give birth to one offspring annually. The offspring, called pups, are quickly weaned and reach adult size in some dimensions by three weeks old. It has a mean lifespan of


title: "Little brown bat" content: 6.5 years, though one individual in the wild reached 34 years old. It is nocturnal, foraging for its insect prey at night and roosting in hollow trees or buildings during the day, among less common roost types. It navigates and locates prey with echolocation. It has few natural predators, but may be killed by raptors such as owls, as well as terrestrial predators like raccoons. Other sources of mortality include diseases such as rabies and white-nose syndrome. White-nose syndrome has been a significant cause of mortality since 2006, killing over one million little brown bats by 2011. In the Northeastern


title: "Little brown bat" content: United States, population loss has been extreme, with surveyed hibernacula (caves used for hibernation) averaging a population loss of 90%. Humans frequently encounter the little brown bat due to its habit of roosting in buildings. Colonies in buildings are often considered pests because of the production of waste or the concern of rabies transmission. Little brown bats rarely test positive for rabies, however. Some people attempt to attract little brown bats to their property, but not their houses, by installing bat houses. The little brown bat was described as a new species in 1831 by American naturalist John Eatton Le


title: "Little brown bat" content: Conte. It was initially in the genus "Vespertilio", with a binomial of "Vespertilio lucifugus". ""Lucifugus"" is from Latin ""lux"" meaning "light" and ""fugere"" meaning "flee." The holotype had possibly been collected in Georgia near the Le Conte Plantation near Riceboro, but this has been disputed because the initial record lacked detail on where the specimen was collected. Within its family, Vespertilionidae (the vesper bats), the little brown bat is a member of the subfamily Myotinae which contains only the mouse-eared bats of genus "Myotis". Based on a 2007 study using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, it is part of a Nearctic


title: "Little brown bat" content: clade of mouse-eared bats. Its sister taxon is the Arizona myotis, "M. occultus". As of 2005, five subspecies of the little brown bat are recognized: "M. l. lucifugus", "M. l. alascensis", "M. l. carissima", "M. l. pernox", and "M. l. relictus". Formerly, the Arizona myotis and southeastern myotis ("M. austroriparius") were also considered subspecies ("M. l. occultus" and "M. l. austroriparius"), but both are now recognized as full species. In a 2018 study by Morales and Carstens, they concluded that the five subspecies are independent, paraphyletic lineages, meaning that grouping them together excludes other lineages with the same common ancestor,


title: "Little brown bat" content: and therefore each warrant specific status. Results of one study suggested that the little brown bat can hybridize with Yuma myotis, "M. yumanensis". The two species are sympatric, or occur in the same area, in much of the Western United States, as well as southern British Columbia. The two species are morphologically different throughout most of the range, but in some regions, individuals have been documented that are intermediate in appearance between the two. However, a 1983 study by Herd and Fenton found no morphological, genetic, or ecological evidence to support the notion that the two species hybridize. The little


title: "Little brown bat" content: brown bat is a small species, with individuals weighing with a total body length of . Individuals have the lowest weight in the spring as they emerge from hibernation. It has a forearm length of and a wingspan of . It as a sexually dimorphic species, with females larger than males on average. A variety of fur colors is possible, with pelage ranging from pale tan or reddish to dark brown. Its belly fur is a lighter color than its back fur. Its fur is glossy in appearance, though less so on its belly. A variety of pigmentation disorders have


title: "Little brown bat" content: been documented in this species, including albinism (total lack of pigment), leucism (partial lack of pigment), and melanism (over-pigmentation). It is a diphyodont mammal, meaning that it has two sets of teeth during its lifetime—milk teeth and adult teeth. The dental formula of the milk teeth is for a total of 22 teeth, while that of the adult teeth is for a total of 38 teeth. Newborns ("pups") are born with 20 milk teeth which becomes 22 when the final upper premolars emerge. Pups begin losing milk teeth once they have reached a body length of ; total loss of


title: "Little brown bat" content: milk teeth and emergence of adult teeth is usually complete by the time a juvenile is long. It has a relatively short snout and a gently sloped forehead. It lacks a sagittal crest, which can be used to distinguish it from the Arizona myotis. Its skull length is . The braincase appears nearly circular though somewhat flattened when viewed from the back. Its ears are long, while the tragi, or cartilaginous flaps that project in front of the ear openings, are long. The tragi are blunt at the tips and considered of medium length for a mouse-eared bat. The little


title: "Little brown bat" content: brown bat is dichromatic and its eyesight is likely sensitive to ultraviolet and red light, based on a genetic analysis that discovered that the genes SWS1 and M/LWS were present and functional. Its ability to see ultraviolet light may be useful in capturing insects, as 80% of nocturnal moths' wings reflect UV light. It is unclear if or how seeing red light is advantageous for this species. It is adapted to see best in low-light conditions. It lacks eyeshine. The little brown bat lacks a vomeronasal organ. Relative to frugivorous bat species such as the Jamaican fruit bat, it has


title: "Little brown bat" content: small eyes and a reduced olfactory epithelium. Instead, it has a more sophisticated system of echolocation, suggesting that reliance on echolocation decreases the need for orientation via sight or smell. In spring through fall, the little brown bat enters torpor, a state of decreased physiological activity, daily. Torpor saves energy for the bat when ambient temperatures are below throughout the year and in the winter; instead of expending energy to maintain a constant body temperature, it allows its body to cool and physiological activity to slow. While in torpor, its heart rate drops from up to 210 beats per minute


title: "Little brown bat" content: to as few as 8 beats per minute. The exception to this rule is females at the end of pregnancy, which no longer have the ability to thermoregulate, and therefore must roost in warm places. During daily roosting, it can cope with high levels of water loss of up to 25%. In the winter time, it enters a prolonged state of torpor known as hibernation. To conserve energy, it limits how frequently it arouses from torpor, with individuals existing in uninterrupted torpor for up to 90 days. Arousal is the most energetically costly phase of torpor, which is why individuals


title: "Little brown bat" content: do so infrequently. Despite the energy-saving mechanism of hibernation, individuals lose a quarter of their pre-hibernation body mass during the winter. The little brown bat can be confused with the Indiana bat ("M. sodalis") in appearance. The two can be differentiated by the little brown bat's lack of a keeled calcar—the cartilaginous spur on its uropatagium (the flight membrane between its hind legs). While it does have a calcar, that of the little brown is is not nearly as pronounced. Additionally, the little brown bat can be distinguished by the presence of hairs on its toes and feet that extend


title: "Little brown bat" content: beyond the length of the digits. The northern long-eared bat ("M. septentrionalis"), another similar species, can be distinguished by its much longer ears, and tragi that are long and sharply pointed. The little brown bat has a promiscuous mating structure, meaning that individual bats of both sexes mate with multiple partners. It is a seasonal breeder, with mating taking place in the fall before the annual hibernation. As a seasonal breeder, males do not produce sperm year-round; instead, spermatogenesis occurs May through August each year. Throughout the spring and summer, males and females roost separately. In the fall, however, individuals


title: "Little brown bat" content: of both sexes will congregate in the same roost in a behavior known as "swarming." Like several other bat species, males of this species exhibit homosexual behaviors, with male bats mating indiscriminately with torpid, roosting bats, regardless of sex. Although copulation occurs in the fall, fertilization does not occur until the spring due to sperm storage. Gestation proceeds for 50–60 days following fertilization. The litter size is one individual. At birth, pups weigh approximately and have a forearm length less than . While they have a small absolute mass, they are enormous relative to their mothers, weighing 30% of her


title: "Little brown bat" content: postpartum body weight at birth. Pups' eyes and ears are closed at first, but open within a few hours of birth. They exhibit rapid growth; at around three weeks old, the young start flying, begin the weaning process, and are of a similar size to adults in forearm length but not weight. The young are totally weaned by 26 days old. Females may become sexually mature in the first year of life. Males become sexually mature in their second year. It is a very long-lived species relative to its body sizes. In the wild, individuals have been documented living up


title: "Little brown bat" content: to 34 years. The average lifespan, however, is around 6.5 years. Males and females have high annual survival rates (probability of surviving another year), though survival rates vary by sex and region. One colony documented in Ontario had a male survival rate of 81.6% and a female survival rate of 70.8%; a colony in southern Indiana had survival rates of 77.1% and 85.7% for males and females, respectively. The little brown bat is a colonial species, with hibernating colonies consisting of up to 183,500 individuals, though the average colony size is little more than 9,000. Historically, these colonies were highly


title: "Little brown bat" content: aggregated and densely clustered together, though the disease white-nose syndrome is making solitary hibernation more common. During the spring and summer, maternity colonies of almost all female individuals form. These colonies usually consist of several hundred bats. Outside of these maternity colonies, adult males and non-reproductive females will roost by themselves or in small aggregations. Maternity colonies begin to break apart in late summer. The little brown bat is nocturnal, resting during the day and foraging at night. Individuals typically emerge from their roosts at dusk, foraging for 1.5–3 hours before stopping to roost. A second foraging bout usually occurs


title: "Little brown bat" content: later in the night, ending at dawn. Based on documenting one individual flying in a wind tunnel, it flies at approximately ; this increased to when flying over the surface of water. Home range size is variable; in one study of 22 females in Canada, pregnant females had an average home range of and lactating females had an average of . It produces calls that are high intensity frequency modulated (FM) and that last from less than one millisecond (ms) to about 5 ms and have a sweep rate of 80–40 kHz, with most of their energy at 45 kHz.


title: "Little brown bat" content: Individuals emit approximately 20 calls per second when in flight. It consumes a variety of arthropod species, including insects and spiders. Prey species include beetles, flies, mayflies, true bugs, ants, moths, lacewings, stoneflies, and caddisflies. It also consumes mosquitoes, with one study documenting that, across twelve colonies in Wisconsin, 71.9% of all little brown bat guano (feces) samples contained mosquito DNA. During late pregnancy, when energetic demands are high, females consume around of insects nightly, or of insects per hour of foraging. With an average body mass of , that means that pregnant females consume 61% of their body weight


title: "Little brown bat" content: nightly. Energetic demands during lactation are even higher, though, with females consuming of insects nightly, or of insects per hour of foraging. Because lactating females have an average mass of , this means that they consume nearly 85% of their body weight nightly. As the pup grows, lactation requires more and more energy; at the predicted lactation peak of 18 days old, a female would have to consume of insects per night, or 125% of her own weight. An often-mentioned statement is that "bats can eat 1000 mosquitoes per hour." While the little brown bat does consume mosquitoes and has


title: "Little brown bat" content: high energetic needs, the study that is the basis for this claim was an experiment in which individuals were put into rooms full of either mosquitoes or fruit flies. For a duration up to 31 minutes, they captured an average of 1.5-5.7 mosquitoes per minute. The individual most efficient at catching fruit flies caught an average of 14.8 per minute for 15 minutes. Extrapolating these numbers results in conclusions that it can eat approximately 340 mosquitoes per hour, or 890 fruit flies. However, there is no assurance that individuals forage with such high efficiencies for long periods of time, or


title: "Little brown bat" content: that prey is dense enough in natural settings to allow capture rates observed in enclosed areas. The little brown bat likely has few predators. Known predators include owls such as the eastern screech owl, northern saw-whet owl, and the great horned owl. Raccoons are also opportunistic predators of the little brown bat, picking individuals off the cave walls of their hibernacula (caves used for hibernation) or eating individuals that have fallen to the cave floor. The presence of helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of the little brown bat is most common in the spring and fall and least common


title: "Little brown bat" content: in the summer. Digenetic trematodes are the most common of these parasites, with the more common of these species including "Ototrema schildti" and "Plagiorchis vespertilionis". The little brown bat is also affected by ectoparasites (external parasites), including bat fleas such as "Myodopsylla insignis", chiggers like "Leptotrombidium myotis", and the bat mites "Spinturnix americanus". When parasitizing a female bat, bat mites synchronize their reproductive cycle with that of their host, with their own reproduction tied to the host's pregnancy hormones. Lactating females have a higher intensity of parasitization by mites, which may promote vertical transmission—the transfer of mites to the bat's


title: "Little brown bat" content: offspring. The little brown bat is affected by the rabies virus—specifically, the strain associated with this species is known as MlV1. However, it is susceptible to other strains of the virus, including those of the big brown bat and the silver-haired bat, which is most lethal to humans. The rabies virus can be present in an individual's saliva, meaning that it can be spread through bites, 12–18 days before the individual begins showing symptoms. Individuals do not always develop rabies after exposure, though. In one study, no little brown bats developed rabies after subcutaneous exposure to the MlV1 strain. Some


title: "Little brown bat" content: individuals in the wild have antibodies for the rabies virus. The little brown bat is also susceptible to the disease white-nose syndrome, which is caused by the fungus "Pseudogymnoascus destructans". The disease affects individuals when they are hibernating, which is when their body temperatures are within the ideal growth range of "P. destructans", . "Pseudogymnoascus destructans" is the first known pathogen that kills a mammal host during its torpor. Mortality from white-nose syndrome begins to manifest 120 days after hibernation begins, and mortality peaks 180 days after bats enter hibernacula. The growth of "P. destructans" on bats erodes the skin


title: "Little brown bat" content: of their wing and tail membranes, muzzles, and ears. White-nose syndrome causes affected bats to burn through their energy reserves twice as fast as uninfected individuals. In addition to visible fungus growth on the nose, ears, and wings, white-nose syndrome results in higher carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causing acidosis, and hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium). Arousal from torpor becomes more frequent, and water loss increases due increased respiration rate in an attempt to remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood. The premature loss of fat reserves during hibernation results in starvation. Survivors of white-nose syndrome have longer bouts of


title: "Little brown bat" content: torpor and lower bodies temperatures during torpor than individuals that die. Little brown bats are most affected by white-nose syndrome when they exhibit social, grouping behavior when hibernating, as "P. destructans" is transmitted by direct contact. In hibernacula where bats exhibit more solitary behavior, colonies are more prone to avoid infections of white-nose syndrome. In some colonies where grouping behavior was common before exposure to white-nose syndrome, bats now hibernate in a more solitary fashion. Before white-nose syndrome, only 1.16% of little brown bats hibernated singly; after white-nose syndrome, the percentage grew to 44.5%. The little brown bat lives throughout


title: "Little brown bat" content: much of North America. In the north, its range extends as far west as Alaska and across much of Canada to Labrador. In the south, its range extends to Southern California and across the northern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. Historically, the largest known aggregations of this species occurred in the karstic regions of the Eastern United States. The little brown bat roosts in sheltered places during the day. These roosts can include human structures or natural structures such as tree hollows, wood piles, rocky outcrops, or, occasionally, caves. Species of trees used for roosting include quaking aspen, balsam


title: "Little brown bat" content: poplar, oak, and maple. It prefers roosts that are warm and dark. For maternity colonies, females prefer roosts that are . The little brown bat hibernates in caves or old mines. Females migrate up to hundreds of kilometers from their summer ranges to reach these hibernacula. It prefers hibernacula in which the relative humidity is is greater than 90% and ambient temperatures are above the freezing point. Preferred hibernacula also maintain a constant temperature throughout the winter. The little brown bat forages along the edges of vegetated habitat. It also forages along the edges bodies of water or streams. In


title: "Little brown bat" content: one study in the Canadian province of Alberta, its foraging activity was significantly higher in old-growth forest than would be expected based on its relative availability. As of 2018, the little brown bat is evaluated as an endangered species by the IUCN, a dramatic change from 2008 when it was designated as the lowest conservation priority, least concern. Until recently, the species was regarded as one of the most common bats in North America. However, a serious threat to the species has emerged in the form of a fungus-caused disease known as white-nose syndrome. It was one of the first


title: "Little brown bat" content: bat species documented with the disease, which now affects at least seven hibernating bat species in the United States and Canada. From 2006 to 2011, over one million little brown bats died from the disease in the Northeastern United States, with winter hibernacula populations declining up to 99%. As of 2017, hibernacula counts for little brown bats in the Northeast had declined by an average of 90%. White-nose syndrome first appeared in New York in 2006; it has steadily diffused from eastern New York, though, until recently, remaining east of the Rocky Mountains. In March 2016, white-nose syndrome was detected


title: "Little brown bat" content: on a little brown bat in King County, Washington, representing a jump from the previous westernmost extent of the disease in any bat species. In 2010, Frick et al. predicted a 99% chance of local extinction of little brown bats by the year 2026. They also predicted that the pre-white-nose syndrome population of 6.5 million individuals could be reduced to as few as 65,000 (1%) via the disease outbreak. Despite heavy declines, the species has avoided extinction in the Northeast through the persistence of small, localized populations. While the mortality rate of the disease is very high, some individuals that


title: "Little brown bat" content: are exposed do survive. In 2010, Kunz and Reichard published a report arguing that the precipitous decline of the little brown bat justified its emergency listing as a federally endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. However, it is not federally listed as threatened or endangered as of 2018, though several U.S. states list it as endangered (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Virginia), threatened (Tennessee, Wisconsin), or of Special Concern (Michigan, Ohio). The little brown bat was listed as an endangered species by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada in February 2012 after an


title: "Little brown bat" content: emergency assessment. The emergency designation as endangered was confirmed in November 2013. Little brown bats commonly occupy human structures. Females will situate maternity colonies within buildings. This small body size of this species can make it challenging to prevent individuals from entering a structure, as they can take advantage of gaps or holes as small as x . Once inside a building, a colony of little brown bats can disturb human inhabitants with their vocalizations and production of guano and urine. Large accumulations of guano can provide a growth medium for fungi, including the species that causes histoplasmosis. Concerns about


title: "Little brown bat" content: humans becoming affected by bat ectoparasites such as ticks, fleas, or bat bugs are generally unfounded, as parasites that feed on bats are often specific to bats and die without them. Because they are often found in proximity to humans, the little brown bat and the not-closely related big brown bat are the two bat species most frequently submitted for rabies testing in the United States. Little brown bats infrequently test positive for the rabies virus; of the 586 individuals submitted for testing across the United States in 2015, the most recent data available as of 2018, 16 (2.7%) tested


title: "Little brown bat" content: positive for the virus. Little brown bats are a species that will use bat houses for their roosts. Landowners will purchase or construct bat houses and install them, hoping to attract bats for various reasons. Some install bat houses in an attempt to negate the effects of removing a colony from a human structure ("rehoming" them into a more acceptable space). While this can be effective for other species, there is not evidence to suggest that this is effective for little brown bats, though it has been shown that little brown bats will choose to occupy artificial bat boxes installed


title: "Little brown bat" content: at the sites of destroyed buildings that once housed colonies. Others are attempting to help bats out of concern for them due to the effects of white-nose syndrome. Bat houses are also installed in an attempt to control the bats' insect prey such as mosquitoes or taxa that harm crops. Little brown bats are vulnerable near moving vehicles on roads, either foraging or crossing. Bats can easily be pulled into the slipstreams of faster moving vehicles. When little brown bats cross roads, they approach the road using canopy tree cover and avoid crossing where there is no cover. When the


title: "Little brown bat" content: cover is lower, bats cross roads lower. Little brown bat The little brown bat, sometimes called little brown myotis ("Myotis lucifugus"), is a species of mouse-eared bat found in North America. It has a small body size and glossy brown fur. It is similar in appearance to several other mouse-eared bats, including the Indiana bat, northern long-eared bat, and the Arizona myotis, to which it is closely related. Its mating system is polygynandrous, or promiscuous, and females give birth to one offspring annually. The offspring, called pups, are quickly weaned and reach adult size in some dimensions by three weeks


title: "All About Steve" content: All About Steve All About Steve is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Phil Traill that stars Sandra Bullock, Thomas Haden Church, and Bradley Cooper as the eponymous Steve. The film is the winner of two Golden Raspberry Awards and has a 7% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes. Mary Horowitz, a crossword puzzle writer for the "Sacramento Herald", is socially awkward and considers her pet hamster her only true friend. Her parents decide to set her up on a blind date. Mary's expectations are low, as she tells her hamster. Mary is pleasantly surprised when her date turns out


title: "Kannonji Castle" content: few minutes' walk from Kannonji Castle ruins. Kannonji Castle The ruins of are on the ridgeline of Mount Kinugasa in the town of Azuchi, Shiga Prefecture, not far from the ruins of Azuchi Castle. At the site, the ruins of stone walls, a stone-lined well, and a historical signboard can be found. The castle was named after Kannonsho-ji, a Buddhist temple near the peak of the mountain. During the Sengoku period, the Sasaki (佐々木) family (or Rokkaku clan) was appointed constabulary authority over Ōmi and other nearby provinces by the Ashikaga shogunate in Kyoto. A castle was needed as an


title: "Zhang Hongbao" content: during which time he started practising Qigong. In 1977, he was admitted to the Harbin School of Metallurgy. On leaving, he joined the Communist Party and became a physics teacher in a mining region. Zhang gained entrance into the Beijing University of Science and Technology in 1985 where he studied Economic management. Palmer, citing Ji Yi, said Zhang only obtained mediocre grades as a student, but he was interested in a diverse range of modules from Law to Chinese and Western Medicine. He also signed on at the Chinese Qigong Further Education Academy. During this time he developed a style


title: "The Name of the Band Is Cowboy Mouth" content: The Name of the Band Is Cowboy Mouth The Name of the Band Is Cowboy Mouth is a live concert by the band Cowboy Mouth released on DVD on November 20, 2007. It is the first DVD, and second video of the band, the first being 1996's 'Alive' on VHS. In addition, they appear in a scene in the 1995 movie "The Underneath". The DVD was recorded in front of a packed house at the Roxy On Sunset in Hollywood, California, during the summer of 2007. The title is a pun on a live concert by Talking Heads. According to


title: "A Christmas Album (Barbra Streisand album)" content: the tracks from this album were re-issued in 1970 as Side 1 of a compilation album titled "Seasons Greetings from Barbra Streisand...and Friends", pieced together by Maxwell House Coffee and Columbia Special Products. (Side 2 of the compilation featured various tracks from Streisand's Columbia labelmates Doris Day, Jim Nabors, and Andre Kostelanetz.) The album was released on CD in November 1989. It was remastered and reissued once again in October 2004 for the Columbia Records "Essential Holiday Classics" series. The album was yet again reissued in October 2007 to commemorate the album's 40th anniversary. On May 5, 1999, "A Christmas


title: "Pont des Invalides" content: Pont des Invalides The Pont des Invalides is the lowest bridge traversing the Seine in Paris. The story of this bridge started in 1821, when engineer Claude Navier conceived a technologically revolutionary bridge that crossed the Seine in one single reach without any point of support in between. The proposed suspension bridge, the construction of which started in 1824, was meant to be erected opposite to the Hotel des Invalides on the site of the current Pont Alexandre III. Navier failed to leave a safety margin on top of his calculations, and the contract to build the bridge was unusually


title: "Pont des Invalides" content: rigid. After Navier's plan had been approved by the private investment company, the contractor could not make changes without approval, and there was no authorization to suggest improvements. The bridge became unsafe after cracking of the anchorages due to natural settling and additional movement after a water main break near the buttresses. The bridge had to be dismantled, and Navier was chastised by a government committee for relying too much on mathematics. He was even compared unfavorably to the accomplishments of (French rival) British bridge builders. After a settlement between the contractor and investors was reached, the raw materials were


title: "Pont des Invalides" content: reused for other bridges, with designs to be provided by the head investor Alain Desjardins, which were widely seen as less elegant. In response to complaints from the defenders of the Invalides perspective, the Public Services decided to shift the bridge site downriver. Therefore, in 1829, two engineers, de Verges and Bayard de la Vingtrie, completed the construction of a proper suspension bridge supported by two piers in the Seine and three porticos, each 20 m in height. Unfortunately, due to rapidly growing wear on the bridge, its access had to be regulated in 1850. In 1854, the bridge was


title: "Pont des Invalides" content: demolished to be replaced by a new one in time for the upcoming 1855 World Fair in Paris. Paul-Martin Gallocher de Lagalisserie and Jules Savarin used the existing piers of the former suspension bridge and a newly added central pier to build an arch bridge in masonry on the same site. The new pier was adorned with sculptures in two allegorical themes: "the Land Victory" by Victor Vilain upriver; the Maritime Victory by Georges Diébolt downstream, whereas the two old piers were adorned with sculptures of military trophies bearing the imperial coat of arms, both the work of Astyanax-Scévola Bosio.


title: "Pont des Invalides" content: Despite being stronger, the new bridge still sustained a subsidence between 25 and 30 cm in 1878, and lost two arches during the winter of 1880 (restored by the end of the year). The bridge has been quite secure since then and the only modification made in the 20th century was the expansion of its pavement in 1956. Pont des Invalides The Pont des Invalides is the lowest bridge traversing the Seine in Paris. The story of this bridge started in 1821, when engineer Claude Navier conceived a technologically revolutionary bridge that crossed the Seine in one single reach without


title: "Aspect-oriented software development" content: update a variety of situations. Aspect-oriented software development focuses on the identification, specification and representation of cross-cutting concerns and their modularization into separate functional units as well as their automated composition into a working system. Aspect-Oriented Software Development describes a number of approaches to software modularization and composition including, in order of publication, reflection and metaobject protocols, Composition Filters, developed at the University of Twente in the Netherlands, Subject-Oriented Programming (later extended as Multidimensional Separation of Concerns) at IBM, Feature Oriented Programming at University of Texas at Austin, Adaptive Programming at Northeastern University, USA, and Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) at Palo


title: "Patrick MacAlister" content: his era, he viewed his leadership not only as spiritual but political as well. He fought to win for Catholic ratepayers the same voice in civic affairs that their Protestant fellow citizens enjoyed. McAlister was Bishop of Down and Connor for only nine years, but during that episcopate he had to cope with the worst riots of the 19th century in Belfast, triggered by the Home Rule bill of 1886. Thirty-two people lost their lives, and much damage was done to property. Catholic-owned public houses were particularly vulnerable. Four years later Bishop McAlister confronted the supporters of Charles Stewart Parnell


title: "Kënga Magjike 2006" content: Kënga Magjike 2006 Kënga Magjike 08 took place in the Palace of Congresses in Tirana, Albania. There were two semifinals (17 & 18 November 2006) and a final (19 November 2006). 53 songs were heard in advance by the public at home, which narrowed them down to 39 songs by televoting. These songs competed in the semi-finals but only 19 made it to the final. In the end, Armend Rexhepagiqi won the first prize. Ledina Çelo was the runner-up. The winner was determined by the singers who voted for each other. The singers voted for each other to determine the


title: Surform content: used also to shape surfboards, trim drywall, and in sculpture. In automobile repair shops, for decades panel beaters have used surform files and rasps to shape plastic body filler. There, these surform tools are commonly called "cheese graters". As kitchen utensils, surform tools are a recent innovation. The Microplane wood rasp, a sleek stainless steel surform rasp first marketed as a woodworking tool and known generically as a microplane, recently became popular as a kitchen utensil for, among other uses, grating cheese (see Zester). An early mention of using a Microplane "rasp-like grater" in the kitchen was a cookbook published


title: "Orthetrum sabina" content: Orthetrum sabina Orthetrum sabina, the slender skimmer or green marsh hawk, is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is widespread, being found from south-eastern Europe and North Africa to Japan and south to Australia and Micronesia. It is a medium-sized dragonfly with a wingspan of 60-85mm. Adults are grayish to greenish yellow with black and pale markings and green eyes. Its abdomen is greenish-yellow, marked with black. It is very similar to "Orthetrum serapia" in appearance, with both species appearing in northern Australia. Pale markings on segment four of the abdomen do not extend into the posterior


title: "Orthetrum sabina" content: section when viewed from above on "Orthetrum sabina". Females are similar to males in shape, color and size; differing only in sexual characteristics. This dragonfly perches motionless on shrubs and dry twigs for long periods. It voraciously preys on smaller butterflies and dragonflies. Orthetrum sabina Orthetrum sabina, the slender skimmer or green marsh hawk, is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is widespread, being found from south-eastern Europe and North Africa to Japan and south to Australia and Micronesia. It is a medium-sized dragonfly with a wingspan of 60-85mm. Adults are grayish to greenish yellow with black


title: "Roger Millward" content: 1979–80 season Millward and his Hull Kingston Rovers side made it to Wembley to play cross-city rivals Hull F.C. in the Challenge Cup Final, despite breaking his jaw midway through the first half, Millward continued and was awarded the trophy at the end of the game. Roger Millward played , and was the captain and coach in Hull Kingston Rovers' 10–5 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1979–80 Challenge Cup Final during the 1979–80 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 3 May 1980, in front of a crowd of 95,000. Roger Millward played in Hull Kingston Rovers' 25–12 victory


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: National Gallery of Armenia The National Gallery of Armenia (, "Hayastani azgayin patkerasrah") is the largest art museum in Armenia. Located on Yerevan's Republic Square, the museum has one of the most prominent locations in the Armenian capital. The NPGA houses significant collections of Russian and Western European art, and the world's largest collection of Armenian art. The museum had 65,000 visitors in 2005. The National Gallery of Armenia (NGA) was founded in 1921 under the decree of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR) and represents the artistic section of the State museum. Upon its establishment the NGA's art


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: section encountered difficulties, largely because Yerevan lacked state owned and private art collections to form the core of the collection. The first works to enter the collection where the dozens of works purchased from an Armenian painters' exhibition in August 1921. A decisive factor in the founding of the NGA's art collection was the transfer of the renowned collection of The Armenian Cultural Center (the former Lazarian Seminary, Moscow) and also the donations made by Armenian artists to the NGA. By 1925, 400 pieces by Armenian, Russian and European artists were on display throughout the six halls which compose the


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: museum's art section. By 1935, the state art section, which had undergone many refurbishments, became a separate Art Museum. In 1947 the gallery was re-dubbed the State Picture Gallery of Armenia and subsequently renamed the National Gallery of Armenia in 1991. The picture gallery's large collection of works are on display thanks to the efforts of many dedicated compatriots and friendly donations from foreign associates. The NGA currently houses around 26,000 works of art, many of which are permanently displayed in the museum's 56 galleries and halls. Armenian art makes up a large part of the collection, beginning with ancient


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: and Medieval art: Urartu frescoes and copies of Garni Temple’s mosaics and Medieval wall-paintings and miniatures, including a 7th-century fresco of "Christ Enthroned" from St. Stephanos Church (Lmbatavank), a10th-century fresco fragment of "The Last Judgment" from St. Poghos-Petros (Tatev), and a 13th-century fresco depicting the Nativity from St. Astvatsatskin (Akhtala), The museum has an extensive collection of Armenian Apostolic Church-related paintings ranging from the 17th-19th centuries, as well as, silver book-covers of manuscripts, crosses, and 18th-century altar curtains from across Asia. The collection of historic Armenian art is the largest in the world. There are particularly strong collections of work


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: by Hakob Hovnatanyan, Hovhannes Aivazovsky, Gevorg Bashinjaghian, Panos Terlemezian, Vardges Sureniants, Vartan Mahokian, Martiros Saryan, Hakob Kojoyan, Hakob Gyurjian, Edgar Chahine, Grigor Khanjyan, Minas Avetisyan, and many more. There is a particular strength in the field of art by diasporan Armenians, and it includes works by Zakar Zakarian (Paris), Edgar Chahine (Paris), Hovsep Pushman (New York), Jean Carzou (Paris), Jean Jansem (Paris), Gerardo Oragyan (Rome), and Paul Guiragossian (Beirut). Russian art is also extensively present in the NPGA's collection. These include religious icons and images from the 16th and 17th centuries and works of well-known Russian artists from the 18th–20th-century,


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: including F. Rokotov, I. Argunov, F. Shubin, Ilya Repin, Valentin Serov, Ilya Mashkov, Sergey Konenkov, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, Vassily Kandinsky, Natalia Goncharova, Marc Chagall, and others. NPGA has also incorporated many examples of "foreign art" (predominantly Western) into their collection, many of which were originally part of the 'Armenian Cultural Center' (the former Lazarian Seminary, Moscow), which was nationalized during the Soviet period and moved to Yerevan. The ancient collections include examples of ancient art from Egypt (New Kingdom, Greco-Roman, Coptic), Greece (Corinth, Attica), Rome, and Iran. The Decorative Arts department has ceramic and porcelain collections of Chinese, Iranian, Italian, Japan,


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: German, Austrian, Danish, and an extensive collection from the 18th–19th-century Tsarist Imperial Porcelain Factory in Russia. There are also a small collection of bronze items from 18th-century China (Qing dynasty) and 16th–17th-century Western European wooden furniture. There are a number of European Old Master works in their holdings, including works by well-known artists from Italy, Holland, Belgium and French art movements, including significant works by Donatello, Tintoretto, Antonio Canova, Joos de Momper, Caspar Netscher, Matthias Stomer, Jan Van Goyen, P. Claesz, E. M. Falconet, Carle Vanloo, J. B. Greuze, Joseph Vernet, Robert Hubert, Théodore Rousseau, Adolphe Monticelli. In 2008, a


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: pavilion was opened specifically for Hakob Gurjian’s works. The NPGA building also houses the restoration and conservation studios affiliated with the museum. The complex also has a moderately sized library and archive, a small cafeteria, a souvenir and book store, and a hall used for film screenings and lectures. The NPGA also lends to international exhibitions with works from her collection, helping to organizize exhibitions of Armenian art in different countries to see that Armenia's works are appreciated by citizens around the world. Armenian art makes up a large part of the collection – around 700 pieces. Exposition of classic


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: Arminian art begins with ancient and Medieval art: Urartu frescoes and copies of Garni Temple’s mosaics and Medieval wall-paintings and miniatures, including a 7th-century fresco of "Christ Enthroned" from St. Stephanos Church (Lmbatavank), a10th-century fresco fragment of "The Last Judgment" from St. Poghos-Petros (Tatev), and a 13th-century fresco depicting the Nativity from St. Astvatsatskin (Akhtala). The museum has an extensive collection of Armenian Apostolic Church-related paintings ranging from the 17th-19th centuries, as well as, silver book-covers of manuscripts, crosses, and 18th-century altar curtains from across Asia. Collection of Armenian paintings of the 17 century consists mostly of the artistic heritage


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: of the Hovnatanian’s dynasty. Beside works of Hovnatan Hovnatanian, strong collection of pieces by Hakob Hovnatanyan, founder of portrait genre in Armenian painting, is displayed in the Gallery. The Gallery stores more than 62 canvases of Ivan Aivazovsky, Russian painter of Armenian background, who wrote a lot of paintings on Armenian motifs. The largest part of the Armenian collection is dedicated to the work of classical Armenian painers of the 19-20 century – Vardges Sureniants, Stepan Aghajanian, Yeghishe Tadevosyan, Panos Terlemezian, Gevorg Bashinjaghian, Martiros Saryan, Hakob Kojoyan, Arshak Fetvadjian and others. There is a particular strength in the field of


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: art by diasporan Armenians, and it includes works by Zakar Zakarian (Paris), Edgar Chahine (Paris), Hovsep Pushman (New York), Jean Carzou (Paris), Jean Jansem (Paris), Gerardo Oragyan (Rome), and Paul Guiragossian (Beirut). In 2008, a pavilion was opened specifically for Hakob Gurjian’s works. Western art collection totals around 170 pieces and consists of 4 major sections – Italian, Flemish, Dutch and French art, but also includes works of Spanish, German and other artists. There are a number of European Old Master works in their holdings, including works by well-known artists from Italy, Holland, Belgium and French art movements, including significant


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: works by Donatello, Tintoretto, Antonio Canova, Joos de Momper, Caspar Netscher, Matthias Stomer, Jan Van Goyen, P. Claesz, E. M. Falconet, Carle Vanloo, J. B. Greuze, Joseph Vernet, Robert Hubert, Théodore Rousseau, Adolphe Monticelli. There are more than 180 sheets of European graphics of the 16-17 century. Italian art collection Italian collection starts with the works of the 14th century. One of the most remarkable ones is “Christmas”, canvas of an unknown artist of the Botticelli circle. “Apollo and Pan” by famous Tintoretto is a prominent example of High Renaissance. Portrait genre of the 17th century is represented by the


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: work of Bernardo Strozzi “Portrait of Nikola Kuchi” and 2 portraits by Guercino, member of the Bolognese School. Pontormo’s canvas illustrate earlier period of portrait genre. The museum has an extensive collection of Biblical art – “The birth of Jesus and Adoration of the Shepherds” by Jacopo Bassano (recently the gallery received one more canvas by Bassano), “Good Samaritan” by Leandro Bassano, works of Luca Giordano, Pietro da Cortona, Sebastiano Ricci, Luca Signorelli, Pompeo Batoni, Bernardino Luini, Paolo Farinati, Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato, Alessandro Turchi, Giacomo Cavedone. There are a number of noteworthy Theotokos portraits by Benvenuto Tisi, Sebastiano


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: Conca, Elisabetta Sirani and others. Landscape art of the XVIII century is represented by Francesco Guardi, Francesco Zuccarelli, Gisolphi and several unknown artists. The collection includes graphic works of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Federico Zuccari, Jacopo da Empoli, Luca Cambiasi, Stefano della Bella. Flemish and Dutch collection According to 1982 survey, around 30 works of Flemish and 60 works of Dutch art were exhibited in the gallery. Most of them belong to the XVII century. Flemish art school is represented by remarkable pieces including “Procession of Silenus” by Peter Paul Rubens, “Descent from the Cross” by Anthony van


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: Dyck, outstanding still-life paintings by Verbruggen and Jan Fyt and “Mountain landscape” by Joos de Momper. Portrait genre is represented by several canvases, most notable ones are woman portrait by Pieter Pourbus and portrait by unknown artist of the 17th century. Two works of David Teniers the Younger disclose genre painting. Work of comparatively little-known artist Jan Cossiers “Faun visiting peasants” is an example of realism art. The Dutch collection includes works of famous artists of the Dutch Golden Age painting. The section contains “Singing lesson” by Caspar Netscher, “Company at the Table” by Pieter Codde, “Holiday” Joost Cornelisz Droochsloot,


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: piece by Cornelis Dusart, and paintings depicting tavern motifs etc. It is worth mentioning the work “War and Peace” by Hendrick Goltzius. “Birth of Christ” by Joos van Cleve is based on the Biblical plot. Canvases of several landscape artists are exhibited in the gallery including “View of Dordrecht” by Jan van Goyen, “Landscape with a Broken Tree” by Allaert van Everdingen and sea landscape by Ludolf Bakhuizen. At that time in Holland the so-called “Italianate landscape” became widely popular. In the gallery “Italianate landscape” is represented by the works of Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Cornelis van Poelenburgh, Karel Dujardin and


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: Frederik de Moucheron. The gallery holds works of such Dutch still life artists as Pieter Claesz, Jan Weenix and Abraham van Beijeren. Dutch portrait genre is represented by Stom's “The Money-changer” and woman’s portrait by Caspar Netscher. Dutch collection include works of military art, for example “Poles in the battle against the Swedes” by Philips Wouwerman and “Battle” by Esaias van de Velde. The collection includes graphic works of Adriaen van Ostade, Jan Lievens, Jan van der Heyden, Maerten van Heemskerck, Godfried Schalcken, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Adriaen van de Velde, Jan Dirksz Both and others. French art Collection of French


title: "National Gallery of Armenia" content: paintings is the largest in quantity among other western collections. Section starts with works of remarkable artists of the XVII century including “Rinaldo and Armida” by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, “Head of a Young Woman” by Jean-Baptiste Greuze and works of Jean-Marc Nattier, Nicolas de Largillière, François-Hubert Drouais, Charles-André van Loo, Jacques Courtois etc. Recently the gallery received a canvas “Young woman with a flower” by one of the most prominent representatives of rococo - François Boucher. There are other works within the same style – “The Italian actors” by Nicolas Lancret and “Sleeping child with angels” by François Lemoyne. Sentimentalism and