title: "Fakir of Ava" content: He later gave up his costume and performed in formal evening dress. After gaining wealth through his performances, he purchased a large property in Buffalo, New York at the time the city was rapidly growing thanks to the Erie Canal. In 1874, he married Sarah Stansfield, the teenaged daughter of Frederick Clarkson Stanfield, who painted theatrical scenery. They had two sons, Frank Fakir and Harry Ava. He died of pneumonia in 1891. Hughes pioneered public relations in his skill at getting local newspapers to promote his show with journalism rather than advertisements and to report on the show afterwards. To


title: "John W. Cox Jr." content: Cox is Vice President for External Affairs and General Counsel for Jo-Carroll Energy, Inc. (NFP), an Illinois energy cooperative. John W. Cox Jr. John W. Cox Jr. (born July 10, 1947) is an American politician who was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives for one term. From 1991 to 1993 he represented the 16th District of Illinois. Cox was born in Hazel Green, Wisconsin, and he attended the nearby University of Wisconsin–Platteville in Platteville, Wisconsin. He was then educated at the John Marshall Law School in Chicago, and was the Jo Daviess County, Illinois State's Attorney


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: Pelargonium graveolens Pelargonium graveolens is an uncommon "Pelargonium" species native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is in the subgenus "Pelargonium" along with "Pelargonium crispum", "Pelargonium tomentosum" and "Pelargonium capitatum". "Pelargonium" comes from the Greek "pelargos" which means stork. Another name for pelargoniums is stork's-bills due to the shape of their fruit. The specific epithet "graveolens" refers to the strong-smelling leaves. "Pelargonium graveolens" is an erect, multi-branched shrub, that grows up to 1.5 m and has a spread of 1 m. The leaves are deeply incised, velvety and soft to the


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: touch (due to glandular hairs). The flowers vary from pale pink to almost white and the plant flowers from August to January. The leaves may be strongly rose-scented, although the leaf shape and scent vary. Some plants are very strongly scented and others have little or no scent. Some leaves are deeply incised and others less so, being slightly lobed like "P. capitatum". Common names include rose geranium, sweet scented geranium, old fashion rose geranium, and rose-scent geranium. "Pelargonium graveolens" is also known by taxonomic synonyms "Geranium terebinthinaceum" and "Pelargonium terebinthinaceum" "Rose geranium" is sometimes used to refer to "Pelargonium


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: incrassatum" or its synonym "Pelargonium roseum" – the herbal name. Commercial vendors often list the source of geranium or rose geranium essential oil as "Pelargonium graveolens", regardless of its botanical name. Many plants are cultivated under the species name ""Pelargonium graveolens"" but differ from wild specimens as they are of hybrid origin (probably a cross between "P. graveolens", "P. capitatum" and/or "P. radens"). There are many cultivars of "P. graveolens" and they have a wide variety of scents, including rose, citrus, mint and cinnamon as well as various fruits. Cultivars and hybrids include: Both the true species and the cultivated


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: plant may be called rose geranium – pelargoniums are often called geraniums, as they fall within the plant family Geraniaceae, and were previously classified in the same genus. The common "P." 'Graveolens' or "P." 'Rosat' has great importance in the perfume industry. It is cultivated on a large scale and its foliage is distilled for its scent. "Pelargonium" distillates and absolutes, commonly known as "geranium oil", are sold for aromatherapy and massage therapy applications. They are also sometimes used to supplement or adulterate more expensive rose oils. As a flavoring, the flowers and leaves are used in cakes, jams, jellies,


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: ice creams, sorbets, salads, sugars, and teas. In addition, it is used as a flavoring agent in some pipe tobaccos, being one of the characteristic "Lakeland scents." A modern analysis listed the presence of over 50 organic compounds in the essential oil of "P. graveolens" from an Australian source. Analyses of Indian geranium oils indicated a similar phytochemical profile, and showed that the major constituents (in terms of % composition) were citronellol + nerol and geraniol. The de novo transcriptome of rose-scented geranium was published by Narnoliya et al. in 2017. It was the first report on transcriptome analysis of


title: "Pelargonium graveolens" content: rose-scented geranium. The data sets and the leads and directions reflected in this investigation will serve as a foundation for pursuing and understanding molecular aspects of its biology, and specialized metabolic pathways, metabolic engineering, genetic diversity as well as molecular breeding. Pelargonium graveolens Pelargonium graveolens is an uncommon "Pelargonium" species native to the Cape Provinces and the Northern Provinces of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is in the subgenus "Pelargonium" along with "Pelargonium crispum", "Pelargonium tomentosum" and "Pelargonium capitatum". "Pelargonium" comes from the Greek "pelargos" which means stork. Another name for pelargoniums is stork's-bills due to the shape of


title: "Jin Yuelin" content: and urges us to be “conscious of the fundamental oneness at which we are with the universe and everything there is in it”. He presents a universe where everything has the same status because everything is made up of the same fabric. Scholar Yvonne Schulz Zinda writes, “he established a kind of ontological certainty that integrates individuals the evolutionary process of dao, through which they are interrelated with each other”. While different things have different jobs – Jin gives the example of a mosquito’s job being to bite a human, and a human’s job to kill the mosquito – one


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: Belfry of Ghent The 91-metre-tall belfry of Ghent is one of three medieval towers that overlook the old city centre of Ghent, Belgium, the other two belonging to Saint Bavo Cathedral and Saint Nicholas' Church. Its height makes it the tallest belfry in Belgium. The belfry of Ghent, together with its attached buildings, belongs to the set of belfries of Belgium and France inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. Construction of the tower began in 1313 after a design by master mason Jan van Haelst. His plans are still preserved in the Ghent City Museum. After continuing intermittently through wars,


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: plagues and political turmoil, the work reached completion in 1380. It was near the end of this period that the gilded dragon, brought from Bruges, assumed its place atop the tower. The uppermost parts of the building have been rebuilt several times, in part to accommodate the growing number of bells. The local architect Lieven Cruyl made a design for a Baroque spire in 1684. His design was not implemented and in 1771 the campanile was finished with a spire after a design by architect Louis 't Kindt. A neo-Gothic spire of cast iron was placed on the tower in


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: 1851. This iron spire was demolished between 1911-1913 and replaced by the current stone spire. The works were carried out under the direction of Valentin Vaerwijck whose designs were inspired by the original design from the 14th century. Through the centuries, the belfry served not only as a bell tower to announce the time and various warnings, but also as a fortified watchtower and the place where the documents evidencing the municipal privileges were kept. The bells in the belfry originally only served a religious purpose. Gradually the bells got a secular role by regulating daily life in the growing


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: medieval city. The alarm bell Roland (an Anglicization of the Dutch name "Roeland"), which was installed in the Belfry in 1325, was also used as the hourly bell from 1378 onwards. The hourly chime was preceded by warning signals on three smaller bells with various tones. This was the predecessor of the carillon. The carillon was built by the famous bellfounders Pieter and François Hemony in the 17th century and has a total weight of 30 tons. The carillon gradually expanded to 53 bells after its restoration in 1982. In 1993 another bell, called Robert, with a clear sound was


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: added to the carillon. The primary bell in the tower, called Roland, was also used to warn the citizens of Ghent of an approaching enemy or a battle won. After subduing Ghent, which had risen up against him, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ordered the removal of Roland. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow referred to Roland in his poem "The Belfry of Bruges": Till the bell of Ghent responded o'er lagoon and dike of sand,<br> I am Roland! I am Roland! there is victory in the land! The bell is also the primary character in the city's anthem, in which the bell


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: warns of fire or calls upon the citizens of Ghent to defend the land. The rectangular hall adjoining the belfry was built to headquarter the affairs of the cloth trade that made the city rich during the Middle Ages. Inside, woollens were officially inspected and measured; transactions were negotiated. As the cloth industry lost importance, the hall drew new occupants, including a militia guild and a fencing school. The cloth hall's construction started in 1425 and ended 20 years later, with only seven of eleven planned bays completed. In 1903, the structure was extended by four bays in accordance with


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: the original plan. A small annex dating from 1741, called the "Mammelokker", served as the entrance and guard's quarters of the city jail that occupied part of the old cloth hall from 1742 to 1902. The name refers to the sculpture of Roman Charity poised high above the front doorway. It depicts the Roman legend regarding a prisoner called Cimon. Cimon was sentenced to death by starvation, but survived and ultimately gained his freedom thanks to his daughter Pero, a wet nurse who secretly breastfed him during her visits. Her act of selflessness impressed officials and won her father's release.


title: "Belfry of Ghent" content: The term 'mammelokker' translates as 'breast sucker'. Belfry of Ghent The 91-metre-tall belfry of Ghent is one of three medieval towers that overlook the old city centre of Ghent, Belgium, the other two belonging to Saint Bavo Cathedral and Saint Nicholas' Church. Its height makes it the tallest belfry in Belgium. The belfry of Ghent, together with its attached buildings, belongs to the set of belfries of Belgium and France inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. Construction of the tower began in 1313 after a design by master mason Jan van Haelst. His plans are still preserved in the Ghent


title: "L'oiseau et l'enfant" content: orange gown while her five backup singers were clad in black. It was succeeded as French representative at the 1978 Contest by Joël Prévost with "Il y aura toujours des violons". In 2016, the UNICEF project Kids United covered the song in their second album "Tout le bonheur du monde". The song also appeared on SNEP singles charts in August 2016. L'oiseau et l'enfant "L'oiseau et l'enfant" ("The Bird and the Child") was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 performed in French by Marie Myriam, who represented France. The song was composed by Jean Paul Cara and


title: "Tsez language" content: ziru boqno uhi-ehƛada buq boƛāxzāzarno boqno. Zirus uhi-ehi teqxoy, ɣʷaybi kʼoƛin elār, bocʼi buq bātuzāzarno boqno bikʼin reqenyoƛer, besurno ƛʼarayaw miƛʼi. Miƛʼin bisno bocʼin zirun xizor rutin qʼayƛʼār. Rizirno cʼidoƛʼor ƛoħon begirno łāƛʼor qay. Kikxogon zewno bočʼikʼxo kʼetʼu. Qayir zewāčʼey rikʷayxo; nešuruxay nełor rikʷayxo zewčʼey. Kʼetʼu, ełor baynosi qay, boqno kʼekʼbikʼa. Kʼekʼbikʼni teqnosi, qay łikin rixerčʼeytow boxin xizor. Bˤeƛā esirno: "Šidā boxā rayirčʼey łin?" Elo didiyƛa žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin qayā. Aħugon rikʼin łāxor zirun qayno. Žedi raynosi kikxor žedā esirno kʼetuq: "Mi šebi?" Di žekʼu yoł-ƛin eƛin kʼetʼā. Šebi že debez ħiroƛʼ esirxo zirā. Tupi ƛin eƛix kʼetʼā. Dicce rˤuƛʼno


title: "My Honky Tonk History" content: My Honky Tonk History My Honky Tonk History is the American artist Travis Tritt's ninth album, released on Columbia Records in 2004. It features the singles "The Girl's Gone Wild", "What Say You" (feat. John Mellencamp), and "I See Me", which peaked at #28, #21 and #32 on the Hot Country Songs charts, respectively. The duet was Mellencamp's first Top 40 entry on the country charts. The track "Circus Leaving Town" was previously recorded by its writer, Philip Claypool, on his 1995 debut album "A Circus Leaving Town". Claypool's version of the song peaked at #70 on the country charts


title: Diaphoneme content: "diaphone" to refer to the variants. A diaphonemic inventory is a specific diasystem (a term popularized by Uriel Weinreich) that superimposes dialectal contrasts to access all contrasts in all dialects that are included. This consists of a shared core inventory and, when accounting for contrasts not made by all dialects (whether they are historical contrasts that have been lost or innovative ones not made in all varieties ), only as many contrasts as are needed. The diaphonemic approach gets away from the assumption that linguistic communities are homogeneous, allows multiple varieties to be described in the same terms (something important


title: "1981 American League Championship Series" content: a 1–2 count on the next batter, Cliff Johnson. During the at-bat, Johnson stepped in and out of the batter's box (on Martin's orders) on each pitch to break Davis' rhythm. After fouling off a pitch, Johnson showed his bat to plate umpire Nick Bremigan and asked to get a new one. Johnson walked slowly to and from the A's dugout in the process, and Bremigan ordered him to get back to the plate more quickly. Subsequently, when Davis tried to compose himself on the mound, Bremigan ordered him to pitch immediately, and Davis began to loudly complain that he


title: "1981 American League Championship Series" content: three-run homer to Lou Piniella. Beard gave up two more hits and loaded the bases after that, but Cerone flied out to end the disastrous inning. The Yankees now led 8–3. In the sixth, the Yankees added another run on an RBI single by Bob Watson off of Jeff Jones after a walk and hit-by-pitch. Next inning, they loaded the bases on three singles with one out off of Brian Kingman. Oscar Gamble's sacrifice fly scored a run off of Bob Owchinko before Graig Nettles capped the scoring with a three-run home run to make it 13–3 Yankees. Frazier pitched


title: "Sarasota Opera" content: Burry's opera "The Hobbit" in 2008. In 2010, the Sarasota Youth Opera presented the opera "The Black Spider" by Judith Weir. Sarasota Opera presented the world premiere of "Little Nemo in Slumberland", an opera the company commissioned with music by Daron Hagen and words by J.D. McClatchy, in November 2012. On November 12, 2016, the Sarasota Youth Opera will perform The Secret World of Og also by the Canadian composer Dean Burry based on the popular children's novel by Pierre Berton. "For a more detailed article on the opera house, see" Sarasota Opera House Recognizing the need for a larger


title: "116th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)" content: the two platforms. As a result, this station and 135th Street are the only two on the Eighth Avenue Line north of 59th Street that do not permit free transfers between opposite directions. The station is planned to be rehabilitated as part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program. The exits on the northbound platform go up to either eastern corners of 116th Street and Eighth Avenue while the exits on the southbound platform go up to either western corners: Both platforms also had a part-time entrance/exit at the north end to both northern corners of 118th Street and Fredrick Douglass


title: "Lionel Hitchman" content: the Maple Leafs retired Ace Bailey's #6. He played a handful of games at the end of the 1934 season for the minor league Boston Cubs, after which he hung up his skates for good. Hitchman retired with 28 goals and 34 assists in 417 career NHL games, adding 534 penalty minutes. Although often overlooked by contemporaries in favor of defencemen with gaudier offensive numbers, Hitchman was regarded as the premier defensive defencemen of his day. Despite reports that he would succeed Ross as Bruins' coach and would not be asked to serve in the minor leagues, Hitchman went on


title: "Freiberg am Neckar" content: am Neckar, among them an SAP branch office with 275 employees and a Porsche subsidiary with 475 employees. Freiberg am Neckar is a wine-growing town whose vineyards are part of the vineyard region of Schalkstein within the Württemberg Lowlands ("Württembergisch Unterland") in the wine region of Württemberg. In 2001, the Prisma convention centre was opened near the town square. It is used as a venue for a wide variety of cultural and communal events. For music and theatre events for a smaller public the old castle wine press house opposite Beihingen Castle is still popular. Next to the Oscar Paret


title: "Langheim Abbey" content: gave to the Catholic Church in Germany many distinguished bishops and also writers. These include the monk Engelrich, who wrote the "Leben der hl. Mathilde, Abtissin von Edelstetten" (""Life of Saint Mechtilde, Abbess of Edelstetten""); and Simon Schreiner of the seventeenth century, who composed a treatise on the Fourteen Holy Helpers and an "Apologia contra Lutheranos". The abbot Mauritius Knauer, a distinguished mathematician and astronomer, published a number of works on the natural sciences and also an ascetical work entitled "Tuba Coeli" (1649–64). The most prolific author was however Joachim Jaeck, who after secularisation published the results of his extensive


title: "Brodie abscess" content: Brodie abscess A Brodie abscess is a subacute osteomyelitis, which may persist for years before converting to a frank osteomyelitis. Classically, this may present after conversion as a draining abscess extending from the tibia out through the shin. Occasionally acute osteomyelitis may be contained to a localized area and walled off by fibrous and granulation tissue. This is termed Brodie's abscess. Most frequent causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Localized pain, often nocturnal, alleviated by aspirin. Often mimics the symptoms of Osteoid osteoma, which is typically less than 1 cm in diameter. Usually occurs at the metaphysis of long bones. Distal


title: "Portstewart Golf Club" content: 'Thistly Hollow' which allowed seven new stunning holes to be built in these towering dunes and in natural links land, these holes were designed by club member Des Giffin. Due to this makeover on The Strand Course left an extra 9 holes from the original layout, which was expanded to 18 holes in 2001 and this is now currently The Riverside Course. The club held a qualifying round for The Open Championship in 1951 when it was played at Royal Portrush. The club played host to the Irish Amateur Close Championship in 1992, and has hosted other events such as


title: "Office of Criminal Investigations" content: first three field offices in Kansas City, Miami, and San Diego. The special agents hired to staff these offices received OCI and FDA specific training tailored expressly toward FDA's many areas of responsibility using the facilities located at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). While the agents were attending training at FLETC, OCI was required to become operational in response to reports that several consumers across the nation were claiming they had found syringes in Diet Pepsi products. OCI deployed agents from the FLETC training course to lead the investigation of this nationwide tampering scare. The United States Attorney's


title: "Tommy Dunne" content: the championship still eluded him. In spite of this Dunne picked up a second All-Star award in 1999; however, Tipp went on to lose an exciting Munster final to Cork in 2000. In 2001 Dunne was captain of the Tipperary team for a third consecutive year. That year Tipp made a third consecutive appearance in the National League final. After one victory and one defeat Dunne's side were successful again and defeated Clare by 1–19 to 0–17. It was Dunne's third winners' medal in that competition. Later that year Tipp contested the Munster final. It was Dunne's fourth time lining


title: "History of Torquay" content: historic broadcast appeal asking those men between the ages of 17 and 65 who were not already on War Service to join the Local Defence Volunteers; they would be unpaid, but would wear uniforms and be armed. In two days 400 men had joined, and by Monday the 20th the register had closed with 600 on the books. In July the name was changed to the Home Guard. Torquay's provided hotel buildings for the RAF to train aircrew. In addition to the previously mentioned RAF Hospital at the Palace Hotel, No 1 ITW (Initial Training Wing) was formed at Babbacombe


title: "Walter von Cronberg" content: Teutonic Order in the Holy Roman Empire, with increasingly more knights breaking the oath by conversion to Protestantism or disobedience to the Catholic Grand Masters. Walter von Cronberg Walter von Cronberg (1477 or 1479 – 4 April 1545) was the 38th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1527 to 1543. Von Cronberg hailed from a rather poor family of knights from Kronberg Castle near Frankfurt. He joined the Teutonic Order in 1497 and held the post of a tax collector in the Komturei of Mergentheim from 1499. He became the Komtur of Frankfurt in 1504. During the times


title: "Boot, Cumbria" content: On 2 June 2010, Boot became the centre of a search after a shooting spree in Cumbria. The killer, 52-year-old taxi driver Derrick Bird, was found dead in woods near Boot after a four-hour manhunt. He killed 12 people and injured 11 others. Boot, Cumbria Boot is a small village in Eskdale, Cumbria, in the Lake District of England. It forms part of the Borough of Copeland. There are two roads from which to access the village, one of which is the Hardknott Pass and Wrynose Pass, Britain's steepest road; it is closed when icy (often, during winter). The village


title: "Energy in Thailand" content: the rise in its stock price helped propel the SET to a boom. However, anti-Thaksin critics have claimed that PTT's bull run was due to manipulation by Thaksin. Like Chuan, Thaksin repeatedly attempted to privatize the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). One of the goals of the privatization was to raise 42 billion baht from the IPO and use the funds to invest in three new natural-gas powered power plants. In early-2004, massive employee protests forced the EGAT governor to resign, thus delaying the planned privatization of the state enterprise. Governor Kraisri Karnasuta worked with employees to address their


title: "Turtling (hunting)" content: to partake in a feast of turtle meat and other delicacies. The deceased were sealed into a tomb, and several years later it was tradition to reopen the tomb and to indulge once more on turtle meat. Because turtle meat was relatively rare, hunting the turtle for others during this time was considered to be a display of public generosity. While turtle hunting within this culture is not as common as it was decades ago, locals on Murray Island, Australia, continue to hunt green sea turtles ("Chelonia mydas") during the turtle mating season. The turtles are pursued by groups of


title: "Edward Bunting" content: using as proof three depictions: two of a bagpiper going into battle and another of a pig playing a bagpipe. Chapter 4 In this chapter, Bunting goes into much greater detail about "efforts to revive the Irish Harp." He discusses at some length the events of the meeting of the Harpers in Belfast, giving the names of all of the bards who attended. He gives the names as: Dennis Hempson, age 97; Arthur O'Neill, age 58; Charles Fanning, age 56; Daniel Black, age 75; Charles Byrne, age 80; Hugh Higgins, age 55; Patrick Quin, age 47; William Carr, age 15;


title: "Doctor Nefarious" content: fending off the Amoeboids, Captain Qwark traced Nefarious to a robot factory on planet Magmos and cornered the villain. Upon meeting him, Qwark recognized Nefarious as one of the students he bullied and humiliated in high school. As Qwark tried to give him a wedgie "for old times' sake", Nefarious fell off his catwalk and crashed into the machinery below, which ultimately led to his transformation into a robot. The new Nefarious soon after unleashed a horde of robotic insects on Metropolis to get revenge on Qwark, who confronted and defeated him again, leaving the villain as a disembodied head


title: "Wendy Turner Webster" content: Wendy Turner Webster Wendy Turner-Webster (born Wendy Turner, 5 June 1967) is an English journalist, television presenter and animal welfare campaigner. Born 5 June 1967 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, Turner-Webster had two sisters, presenter Anthea Turner and Ruth who had spina bifida and died at the age of 15. Turner-Webster grew up in Norton le Moors, Staffordshire, and was educated at St Dominic’s Independent Junior School at Hartshill. Turner-Webster started her career at Signal Radio, writing, producing and presenting on-air features including film, travel and book reviews. She also wrote for magazines including OK!. A part-time actress, while appearing in the


title: "Village lock-up" content: temporary place of detention for local rogues and miscreants until they could be removed to a town. Over time they became synonymous with drunkenness and many references to this coupling can be found in famous works of literature, including "Barnaby Rudge" (1841) by Charles Dickens, and "The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby" (1863) by Charles Kingsley, which contains the following line: An 1830 description of a lock-up in Taunton describes "... a hole into which drunken and bleeding men were thrust and allowed to remain until the following day when the constable with his staff of office


title: "Romania and the euro" content: €200 note. In May 2006, it was announced that the Romanian government planned to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), a prerequisite for euro adoption, only after 2012. The president of the ECB said in June 2007, that "Romania has a lot of homework to do ... over a number of years" before joining ERM II. The Romanian government announced in December 2009, that they officially planned to join the eurozone by 1 January 2015. In April 2011, the Romanian government announced it would strive to comply with the first four convergence criteria by 2013, but would not be


title: "Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland" content: emphatic instructions intended to avoid another public relations disaster: rent arrears could be excused for those who co-operated, time was to be taken and rents for the new crofts were to be set as low as possible. The process did not start well. The Reverend David Mackenzie of Kildonan wrote to Loch on behalf of the 220 families due to be cleared from his parish. He categorically challenged the basic premise of the clearance: that the people from an inland region could make a living on their new coastal crofts. Loch was adamant that the removals would go ahead regardless


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: Lampropholis delicata The delicate skink, dark-flecked garden sun skink, garden skink or plague skink (Lampropholis delicata) is a skink of the subfamily Lygosominae, originally from Eastern Australia. In its native range and in New Zealand it is also known as the rainbow skink, a term that usually refers to the African "Trachylepis margaritifera", also a member of the Lygosominae. It was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the early 1960s. It is the only introduced reptile in New Zealand to successfully establish a wild population. It is found in several parts of the North Island, and occupies similar habitats to


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: the native copper skink ("Cyclodina aenea"). The delicate skink is considered a pest species in New Zealand, as they reproduce much more rapidly than native lizards, and compete with other native lizards and mammals for food and habitat. They prey on many native invertebrates in the area as well. It has also become naturalized in Hawaii, where it is reportedly now the most numerous skink, and on Lord Howe Island. The delicate skink is more common in suburban gardens than in adjacent native bushland. It has a moderate body with a medium length, slender tail. Its scales are smooth. The


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: back and sides are greyish-brown to rich brown, often with darker and paler flecks. A narrow yellowish-brown stripe is usually present on the outer edge of the back. The species can also have two distinct forms: a prominent white stripe and a less prominent white stripe. This dimorphism is not strictly distinguished by gender. Individuals of the "Lampropholis delicata" species have a distinct color dimorphism. As of now, two morphs are known: a prominent white stripe and absence of the stripe along the lateral to midsection of the body. However, expression of the stripe is reduced in males, so that


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: the stripe in males is dull compared to striped females. The continuation of each morph is often linked to its fitness advantage in crypsis but varies for each sex and temperature exposure. The presence of the stripe can confer a fitness advantage in females but in males the coloration may cause exposure to predation therefore males are far more commonly plain than striped and their stripe is less distinct. However the ultimate cause of this color dimorphism is not entirely conclusive for each sex but may be attributed geographical distribution, natural barriers, habitat preference, and sexual selection. Since the "Lampropholis


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: delicata" species is not native to the area in which they are found, it is possible that the resulting morphs are caused by the exposure to a new environment and climate as this particular species' activity level is temperature dependent. The most active males are found in lower temperature microhabitats and display a higher number of individuals with indistinct stripes. This could be a result of anti-predation tactics. Females of this species do not display the same activity level as their male counterparts so the number of females with the less distinct morphs remain lower. Sexual selection also plays a


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: role on the continuation of this dimorphism because females seem to choose the males with higher fitness traits, in this case they favor the highly active less distinct striped males. Aside from the variation in climate, Eastern Australia also provides different ground cover substrates as potential habitats. The species prefers an open substrate environment because the ground cover and loose leaf litter allows for thermoregulation, protection and optimal foraging conditions. Females and males remain sheltered in the leaf litter and their cryptic coloration adds an additional camouflage element but it is inconclusive as to whether the habitat distribution directly caused


title: "Lampropholis delicata" content: the color dimorphism. Environmental factors greatly influence the change within the "Lampropholis delicata" species and continue to preserve each distinct variation. These polymorphisms have the potential to greatly affect survival in each niche, especially because the "Lampropholis delicata" is an invasive species, creating more need for adaptations. Lampropholis delicata The delicate skink, dark-flecked garden sun skink, garden skink or plague skink (Lampropholis delicata) is a skink of the subfamily Lygosominae, originally from Eastern Australia. In its native range and in New Zealand it is also known as the rainbow skink, a term that usually refers to the African "Trachylepis margaritifera",


title: "El Lissitzky" content: art, whose mission is not, after all, to embellish life, but to organize it. During his stay Lissitzky also developed his career as a graphic designer with some historically important works such as the books "Dlia Golossa" (For the Voice), a collection of poems from Vladimir Mayakovsky, and "Die Kunstismen" (The Artisms) together with Jean Arp. In Berlin he also met and befriended many other artists, most notably Kurt Schwitters, László Moholy-Nagy, and Theo van Doesburg. Together with Schwitters and van Doesburg, Lissitzky presented the idea of an international artistic movement under the guidelines of constructivism while also working with


title: "Ian Gomm" content: had previously played with Frankie Reid & The Casuals and Clay Alison and the Searchers, joined Unit 4 around July 1964 but the new line-up was short-lived. Around October 1964, Kennington left and moved to Sydney, Australia, and Unit 4 broke up. Gomm built a recording studio in Wales in 1974, where he worked with musicians such as the Stranglers and Alexis Korner. Gomm's first solo album, "Summer Holiday", came out in 1978. The album was re-titled and re-sequenced (with two extra tracks) as "Gomm with the Wind". A song from the album, "Hold On", reached #18 in the United


title: "Jack O'Shea" content: providing the opposition for a second consecutive year. O'Shea scored a key goal after eleven minutes and Kerry stormed to a nine-point lead at half-time. 'The Dubs' came storming back with Joe McNally scoring two goals. The gap could not be bridged and Kerry won by 2–12 to 2–8. The victory gave O'Shea a sixth All-Ireland winners' medal. He was also presented with the Footballer of the Year award for a record fourth occasion, while also collecting a record sixth All Star in the midfield position. In 1986, Kerry's dominance showed no sign of disappearing. Cork fell again in the


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: Garden tiger moth The garden tiger moth or great tiger moth ("Arctia caja") is a moth of the family Erebidae. "Arctia caja" is a northern species found in the US, Canada, and Europe. The moth prefers cold climates with temperate seasonality, as the larvae overwinter, and preferentially chooses host plants that produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids. However, garden tiger moths are generalists, and will pick many different plants to use as larval host plants. The conspicuous patterns on its wings serve as a warning to predators because the moth's body fluids are poisonous. Their effects are not yet fully known, but these


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: toxins contain quantities of neurotoxic choline esters which act by interfering with the acetylcholine receptor. The colours are also ideal for frightening predators such as small birds - the moth normally hides its hindwings under the cryptic forewings when resting. Between stored toxins, conspicuous warning coloration, and sound cues that are generated mostly as a response to bats, "A. caja" clearly presents itself as an inedible target for predators. The garden tiger moth has a wingspan of 45 to 65 millimeters (1.8 to 2.6 in). The design of the wings vary; the front wings are brown with a white pattern


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: (which is sometimes missing), the back wings are orange with a pattern of black dots. There are many aberrations (pattern and colour variants), partly obtained artificially and partly by chance. Oberthür, a French entomologist, mentions about 500 different variants shown in 36 figures. Seitz gives an account of some named aberrations. The garden tiger moth lives in the northern United States, Canada, and Europe. It prefers cold, temperate climates. The garden tiger moth is found throughout much of the Palearctic, in Europe as far north as Lapland, in Northern Asia and Central Asia, and in North America. In the mountains


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: (Tien Shan), this species is found up to an elevation of . This species prefers numerous types of wild habitat, from grasslands to forests. Because of its generalist diet, it is not constrained by features such as host plant location. The only constant quality of a habitat for these animals is that it must be seasonal and cool, and like many members of Genus "Arctia", tropical climates do not suit garden tiger moth larvae or adults. The larvae of "A. caja" are generalists, meaning they eat a large variety of plants without much specialization. However, most larvae of this species


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: obtain their characteristic toxic compounds from their diet, which can vary from foxglove (and members of the daisy family) to species in completely other plant families, such as plantago. Because of "A. caja"’s generalist diet while in the larval stage, it is subject to a wide variety of plant defenses. One study tested plant health with and without beneficial fungus known as "Arbuscular mycorrhiza" (AM), and saw that "Plantago lanceolata" with beneficial fungus produce more anti-herbivore toxins, which negatively influenced caterpillar growth. The beneficial fungus gained sugars from the plant, while the plant gained soil nutrients from the fungus, such


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: as phosphorus and nitrogen. Due to the plant-fungus symbiosis, plants were able to produce more toxins than normal due to the fungus’ acquisition of additional usable resources from the soil, and in turn harm the larvae’s consumption of leaf matter. The effectiveness of this plant response was tested on several species of Lepidoptera. Adults primarily consume solely floral nectar, and do not have a noticeable specialty. "A. caja" hatches at the end of summer (from August to September), overwinters once, reemerges in spring, and finishes growth by June. From July to August (or September in warmer climates) the adults are


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: active, primarily at night. Eggs are laid on leaf surfaces and the larvae hatch and feed shortly after the previous generation has died. After feeding for a few months, the larvae go into dormancy while covered in ground matter. In spring, the larvae resume feeding and pupate. By June or July, adults emerge, all from the same generation that was laid in the previous fall. It is key to note that during all life stages there is no generation overlap, either as adults or larvae. The caterpillars of this species are, like many caterpillars of the tiger moth family, “fuzzy”


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: in appearance, leading them to be called "woolly bears" by casual observers. Once the caterpillars reach a certain size, they acquire hollow tubes that often contain irritating compounds. The larvae depend upon the host plant for their toxic compounds, which they convert from plant defense compounds to larval and adult protection compounds. The caterpillars can grow to a maximum size of 6 cm (2.4 in) long. Adults are active from June to September (or August in more northern climates) predominately at night. They have red hairs on their cervical regions with glands nearby and patterning across the wings that is


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: meant to warn and advertise toxicity. While not often eaten due to its toxicity, naïve birds will on rare occasion consume either the adult or larval stages of this species. The larval form of "A. caja" is parasitized by quite a few endoparasites, which usually grow as larvae inside the living host (in this case a caterpillar). Examples include: All of the listed species of parasites are flies, and they all parasitize during their larval stages. Adult garden tiger moths exhibit clear warning signals, which they share with other tiger moths to advertise very real toxicity upon consumption. Adults can


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: also spray an irritating compound when threatened. The chemical, produced in glands that are exposed when threatened, is a choline ester. A similar compound is found in the tissues of the adults, with the eggs, gonads, and abdomens having the highest concentrations. "Arctia caja" is very well adapted to cold temperate climates, and is closely related to many other tiger moths both molecularly and genetically. Although it has variable patterning, it is still quite genetically and molecularly similar to other species that have been separated from "A. caja" due to appearance, such as "A. intercalaris", "A. martinhoneyi", "A. thibetica", "A.


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: brachyptera", and "A. opulenta". Evidence for combining some of these species does not seem strong enough to create conclusions in that regard. Adults can make rasping sounds with their wings and can emit high pitched squeaking sounds that are audible to humans. These sounds have been found to affect bat behavior, as the squeaks of this insect cause bats to avoid the noxious moth. Bats that could associate squeaking or clicking sounds as indicative of toxic prey quickly used sound alone as a deterrent. The digestion of this species is most remarkable in the larval stage. The host plants of


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: this species almost always carry toxins known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids. To deal with this the caterpillars have developed the capacity to metabolize a wide range of toxins using unique enzymes. These enzymes both convert the plant’s toxins into a non-toxic form, but they also allow the larval "A. caja" to later use these toxins in an altered form for protection. The larvae of this species overwinter in ground vegetation, and in spring they finish larval development and pupate. The hairs on the caterpillars are known to cause hives and irritation in humans, as well as other mammals. The adults’ spray


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: can also cause irritation, and rare cases of “stinging” sensations have been recorded. The garden tiger moth is now protected in the UK under the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). Its numbers in the UK have declined by 89% over the past 30 years. The BAP in 2007 added the garden tiger moth to its list of species in need of habitat protection in light of these recent declines in suitable habitat. The plan aims to provide greater habitat protection and conservation, with the hopes of stabilizing the "A. caja" populations that remain in the UK. The garden tiger moth population


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: decline is of concern for both laboratory research and in nature. A possible way to combat this in a laboratory setting is to use synthetic food. While not ideal, it resolves many issues that arise when trying to raise captive Lepidoptera. Concerns such as food sterility are quickly resolved, along with issues of gathering hard to find or cultivate host plant material. Many larvae, including those of "A. caja", can consume synthetic food, which is based primarily on agar, powdered cellulose, cabbage, sucrose, salts, and wheat germ. Synthetic options appear to be a promising way to raise lab populations of


title: "Garden tiger moth" content: this species, for conservation or for study. <nowiki></nowiki> Garden tiger moth The garden tiger moth or great tiger moth ("Arctia caja") is a moth of the family Erebidae. "Arctia caja" is a northern species found in the US, Canada, and Europe. The moth prefers cold climates with temperate seasonality, as the larvae overwinter, and preferentially chooses host plants that produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids. However, garden tiger moths are generalists, and will pick many different plants to use as larval host plants. The conspicuous patterns on its wings serve as a warning to predators because the moth's body fluids are poisonous. Their


title: "Motor Toon Grand Prix" content: – we've attempted to simulate the dynamic forces as they go around corners." Yamauchi's development group within SCEJ later formed Polyphony Digital, the company behind the realistic racing series "Gran Turismo". The characters of "Motor Toon Grand Prix" were designed by Japanese artist Susumu Matsushita. The game was released exclusively in Japan on December 16, 1994. Its sequel was released in international territories as a standalone installment. On release, "Famicom Tsūshin" scored the game a 27 out of 40. "Next Generation" gave it two out of five stars. They highly praised the Time Attack mode, but said that the two-player


title: "The Devil's Backbone" content: Helping the couple mind the orphanage are Jacinto (Eduardo Noriega), the groundskeeper, and Conchita (Irene Visedo), a teacher who is also involved with Jacinto. Casares and Carmen are aligned with the Republican loyalists, and are hiding a large cache of gold that is used to back the Republican treasury; perhaps not coincidentally, the orphanage has also been subject to attacks from Francisco Franco's troops, and a defused bomb sits in the home's courtyard. One day, a boy named Carlos (Fernando Tielve) arrives at the home with two republicans, they both ask Casares and Carmen to take him in because his


title: Gainas content: Gainas Gainas was a Gothic leader who served the Eastern Roman Empire as "magister militum" during the reigns of Theodosius I and Arcadius. Gainas began his military career as a common foot-soldier, but later commanded the barbarian contingent of Theodosius' army against the usurper Eugenius in 394. Under the command of Gainas, a man of "no lineage", was the young Alaric of the Balti dynasty. In 395, Stilicho sent him with his troops, under the cover of strengthening the armies of the East, to depose the prefect Rufinus, who was hostile to the Stilicho. Gainas murdered Rufinus, but proceeded to


title: "Roy Brun" content: code. Brun claimed that the law limited the number of retirees who settle in Louisiana because it restricted their control over their wills. In 1996, as his legislative career was winding down, Brun argued for raising the Louisiana speed limit to 70 miles per hour, comparable to the limits in much of neighboring Texas. That same year, he also worked in the unsuccessful campaign waged by U.S. Senator Phil Gramm of Texas to gain the Republican presidential nomination. Gramm had been a Democrat in 1976, when he ran unsuccessfully in the party primary election against U.S. Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen.


title: "Frank Nicholls" content: He examined the body of the king after death, and discovered a rupture of the right ventricle, which he described in a letter to George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, President of the Royal Society, and this is printed in the "Philosophical Transactions" for 1760. To aid in his son John's education he went to Oxford in 1762, and, when his son had graduated, to Epsom, where he lived till his death, 7 January 1778. His health was never very good, and he had attacks of fever at intervals throughout life, sometimes accompanied by the formation of abscesses. Of this


title: "Venda people" content: been acting king since 2012. In September 2016 Princess Masindi Mphephu, daughter of Tshimangadzi Mphephu (Venda Chief during 1993-1997), challenged her uncle Ramabulana for the throne. She claimed that she wasn't considered a candidate for gender reasons On December 14, 2016 she lost this battle in court when the Thohoyandou High Court dismissed the case. In the 1970s Vhavenda people were the poorest and least-educated black group in South Africa. To entice them to accept independence the South African government built a parliament, administrative offices and cabinet ministers' houses. The old government under Mphephu heavily subsidized education in the form


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: Blue wildebeest The blue wildebeest ("Connochaetes taurinus"), also called the common wildebeest, white-bearded wildebeest, or brindled gnu, is a large antelope and one of the two species of wildebeests. It is placed in the genus "Connochaetes" and family Bovidae, and has a close taxonomic relationship with the black wildebeest. The blue wildebeest is known to have five subspecies. This broad-shouldered antelope has a muscular, front-heavy appearance, with a distinctive, robust muzzle. Young blue wildebeest are born tawny brown, and begin to take on their adult colouration at the age of 2 months. The adults' hues range from a deep slate


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: or bluish gray to light gray or even grayish brown. Both sexes possess a pair of large curved horns. The blue wildebeest is a herbivore, feeding primarily on short grasses. It forms herds which move about in loose aggregations, the animals being fast runners and extremely wary. The mating season begins at the end of the rainy season and a single calf is usually born after a gestational period of about 8.5 months. The calf remains with its mother for 8 months, after which it joins a juvenile herd. Blue wildebeest are found in short-grass plains bordering bush-covered acacia savannas


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: in southern and eastern Africa, thriving in areas that are neither too wet nor too arid. Three African populations of blue wildebeest take part in a long-distance migration, timed to coincide with the annual pattern of rainfall and grass growth on the volcanic soil short-grass plains where they can find the nutrient-rich forage necessary for lactation and calf growth. The blue wildebeest is native to Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Today, it is extinct in Malawi, but has been successfully reintroduced in Namibia. The southern limit of the blue wildebeest range is the Orange


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: River, while the western limit is bounded by Lake Victoria and Mount Kenya. The blue wildebeest is widespread and is being introduced into private game farms, reserves and conservancies. So, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources rates the blue wildebeest as being of least concern. The population has been estimated to be around 1.5 million, and the population trend is stable. The blue wildebeest was first described by English naturalist William John Burchell in 1823 and he gave it the scientific name "Connochaetes taurinus". It shares the genus "Connochaetes" with the black wildebeest ("C. gnou"), and


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: is placed in the family Bovidae, ruminant animals with cloven hooves. The generic name "Connochaetes" derives from the Greek words κόννος, kónnos, "beard", and χαίτη, khaítē, "flowing hair", "mane". The specific name "taurinus" originates from the Greek word "tauros", which means a bull or bullock. The common name "blue wildebeest" refers to the conspicuous, silvery-blue sheen of the coat, while the alternative name "gnu" originates from the name for these animals used by the Khokloi people, a native pastoralist people of southwestern Africa. Though the blue and black wildebeest are currently classified in the same genus, the latter was previously


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: placed in a separate genus, "Gorgon". In a study of the mitotic chromosomes and mtDNA, which was undertaken to understand more of the evolutionary relationships between the two species, the two were found to have a close phylogenetic relationship and had diverged about a million years ago. "C. taurinus" has five subspecies: The blue wildebeest is known to hybridise with the black wildebeest. The differences in social behaviour and habitats have historically prevented interspecific hybridisation, but it may occur when both species are confined within the same area, and the offspring are usually fertile. A study of these hybrid animals


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: at Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve in South Africa revealed that many had congenital abnormalities relating to their teeth, horns, and the Wormian bones of the skull. Another study reported an increase in the size of the hybrid as compared to either of its parents. In some hybrid animals, the auditory bullae are highly deformed, and in others, the radius and ulna are fused. The diploid number of chromosomes in the blue wildebeest is 58. Chromosomes were studied in a male and a female wildebeest. In the female, all except a pair of very large submetacentric chromosomes were found to be


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: acrocentric. Metaphases were studied in the male's chromosomes, and very large submetacentric chromosomes were found there, as well, similar to those in the female both in size and morphology. the rest were acrocentric. The X chromosome is a large acrocentric, while the Y chromosome is a minute one. This species of wildebeest seems to have evolved around 2.5 million years ago. The black wildebeest is believed to have diverged from the blue wildebeest to become a distinct species around a million years ago, in the mid- to late Pleistocene. Fossil evidence suggests that blue wildebeest were quite common in the


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: Cradle of Humankind in the past. Apart from eastern Africa, fossils are commonly found in Elandsfontein, Cornelia, and Florisbad. The blue wildebeest exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males being larger and darker than females. The blue wildebeest is typically in head-and-body length. The average height of the species is . While males weigh up to , females seldom exceed . A characteristic feature is the long, black tail, which is around in length. All features and markings of this species are bilaterally symmetrical for both sexes. The average life span is 20 years in the wild, and 21 years in captivity.


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: The oldest known captive individual lived for 24.3 years. This broad-shouldered antelope has a muscular, front-heavy appearance, with a distinctive robust muzzle. Young are born tawny brown, and begin to take on their adult colouration at the age of 2 months. The adults' hues range from a deep slate or bluish gray to light gray or even grayish brown. The back and flanks are slightly lighter than the ventral surface and underparts. Dark brown, vertical stripes mark the area between the neck and the back of the ribcage, thus giving it the name "brindled gnu". The manes of both sexes


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: appear long, stiff, thick, and jet black, the same colour as the tail and face. While the manes of the western and eastern white-bearded wildebeest are lank, those of the Nyassaland wildebeest and common wildebeest stick up. Scent glands, which secrete a clear oil, are present in the fore feet and are larger in males than females. In terms of skull length, the smallest subspecies of the blue wildebeest is the western white-bearded wildebeest. It is also the darkest subspecies; the eastern white-bearded wildebeest is the lightest race. Both subspecies possess a creamy white beard, whereas the beard is black


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: in both the Nyassaland wildebeest and the common wildebeest. The longest muzzles are found in the Nyassaland wildebeest, and the shortest in female western white-bearded wildebeest. Both sexes possess a pair of large horns, which are shaped like parentheses. These extend outward to the side, and then curve upward and inward. In the males, the horns can be long, while the horns of the females are long. Despite being an antelope, the blue wildebeest possesses various bovine characteristics. For instance, the horns resemble those of the female African buffalo. Further, the heavy build and disproportionately large forequarters give it a


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: bovine appearance. The blue wildebeest is susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, sarcoptic mange, and hoof gangrene. The herpesvirus was first isolated from the blue wildebeest in 1960 by veterinary scientist Walter Plowright. Although the causes of death vary from year to year, in one drought in Botswana, young calves and aged females were the most likely to die. On another occasion, an estimated 47% of deaths were caused by disease, 37% were due to predation, and the remainder were the result of accidents. The animal can be host to a number of different parasites. In one study, blue wildebeest were


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: found to be hosts to 13 species of nematodes, one trematode, larvae of five oestrid flies, three species of lice, seven ixodid tick species, one mite, and the larvae of a tongue worm. Of these, most were more prevalent at some times of the year than others. Generally, the larvae of "Gedoelstica" and "Oestrus" occur in the nasal passages and respiratory cavities of the blue wildebeest, and sometimes migrate to the brain. Compared to some other bovids, blue wildebeest are resistant to infestations by several species of ticks. The blue wildebeest is mostly active during the morning and the late


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: afternoon, with the hottest hours of the day being spent in rest. These extremely agile and wary animals can run at speeds up to , waving their tails and tossing their heads. An analysis of the activity of blue wildebeest at the Serengeti National Park showed that the animals devoted over half of their total time to rest, 33% to grazing, 12% to moving about (mostly walking), and a little to social interactions. However, variations existed among different age and sex groups. The wildebeest usually rest close to others of their kind and move about in loose aggregations. Males form


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: bachelor herds, and these can be distinguished from juvenile groups by the lower amount of activity and the spacing between the animals. Around 90% of the male calves join the bachelor herds before the next mating season. Bulls become territorial at the age of four or five years, and become very noisy (most notably in the western white-bearded wildebeest) and active. The bulls tolerate being close to each other and a square kilometre of plain can accommodate 270 bulls. Most territories are of a temporary nature and fewer than a half of the male population hold permanent territories. In general,


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: blue wildebeest rest in groups of a few to thousands at night, with a minimum distance of between individuals (though mothers and calves may remain in contact). They are a major prey item for lions, cheetahs, leopards, African wild dogs, hyenas, and crocodiles. Bulls mark the boundaries of their territories with heaps of dung and with secretions from their scent glands. The territories are advertised by their behaviour as well as by the physical marking. Body language used by a territorial male includes standing tall with an erect posture, profuse ground pawing and horning, frequent defecation, rolling and bellowing, the


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: sound "ga-noo" being produced. When competing over territory, males grunt loudly, paw the ground, make thrusting motion with their horns, and perform other displays of aggression. The blue wildebeest is a herbivore, feeding primarily on the short grasses which commonly grow on light, and alkaline soils that are found in savanna grasslands and on plains. The animal's broad mouth is adapted for eating large quantities of short grass and it feeds both during the day and night. When grass is scarce, it will also eat the foliage of shrubs and trees. Wildebeest commonly associate with plains zebras as the latter


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: eat the upper, less nutritious grass canopy, exposing the lower, greener material which the wildebeest prefer. Whenever possible, the wildebeest likes to drink twice daily and due to its regular requirement for water, it usually inhabits moist grasslands and areas with available water sources. The blue wildebeest drinks 9 to 12 litres of water every one to two days. Despite this, it can also survive in the arid Kalahari desert, where it obtains sufficient water from melons and water-storing roots and tubers. In a study of the dietary habits of the wildebeest, the animals were found to be feeding on


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: the three dominant grasses of the area, namely : "Themeda triandra", "Digitaria macroblephara" and "Pennisetum mezianum". The time spent grazing increased by about 100% during the dry season. Though the choice of diet remained the same in both the dry and the wet season, the animals were more selective during the latter. Male blue wildebeest become sexually mature at about 2 years of age, while females can conceive at 16 months if adequately nourished. Nevertheless, most females do not start to breed until a year later. The mating season, which lasts for about 3 weeks, coincides with the end of


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: the rainy season. This means that the animals are in good condition, having been feeding on highly nutritious new grass growth, and the conception rate is often as high as 95%. The mating season, or rut, typically begins on the night of a full moon, suggesting that the lunar cycle influences breeding. At this time, testosterone production peaks in males, resulting in increased calling and territorial behaviour. The activities of these sexually excited males may also stimulate female to come into estrus. As they stake out their territories and compete for females, males exhibit rivalry. When they clash, they face


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: up to each other with bent knees and exchange horn thrusts. Elaborate individual displays are made during their rivalry, and they may bellow, snort, and dig their horns into the ground. Once dominance has been established, each male attempts to lure the female into his domain. During courtship, urination and low-stretch are common activities, and the male soon attempts to mount the female. A receptive female holds her tail to one side and stands still while copulation takes place. Matings may be repeated several times and may take place twice or more times within a minute. The male neither eats


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: nor rests when a female is present in his territory, and during this time, the female keeps close to the male, often rubbing her head on his torso and sniffing his penis. While in season, a female may visit several territories and mate with several different males. The gestation period is about 8.5 months, and between 80 and 90% of the calves are born within a 3-week time period. Female wildebeest give birth in the middle of a herd rather than alone, and typically in the middle of the day. This allows time for the newborn to become steady on


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: its feet before night falls and the predators become more active. Calves weigh about at birth, and can usually stand on their own within a few minutes of birth. To escape predation, calves remain close to their mothers for a significant time, and may continue suckling until the next year's calf is nearly due. Some calves leave their mother at about 8 months and form herds with other juveniles. In large female herds, 80% of the wildebeest offspring survive the first month, compared to a 50% survival rate in smaller herds. The blue wildebeest is native to Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana,


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, and Angola. Today, it is extinct in Malawi, but has been successfully reintroduced into Namibia. Blue wildebeest are mainly found in short-grass plains bordering bush-covered acacia savannas in southern and eastern Africa, thriving in areas that are neither too wet nor too arid. They can be found in habitats that vary from overgrazed areas with dense bush to open woodland floodplains. Trees such as "Brachystegia" and "Combretum" spp. are common in these areas. Blue wildebeest can tolerate arid regions as long as a potable water supply is available, normally within about distance. The southern


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: limit of the blue wildebeest stops at the Orange River, while the western limit is bounded by Lake Victoria and Mount Kenya. The range does not include montane or temperate grasslands. These wildebeest are rarely found at altitudes over . With the exception of a small population of Cookson's wildebeest that occurs in the Luangwa Valley (Zambia), the wildebeest is absent in the wetter parts of the southern savanna country, and particularly is not present in miombo woodlands. Three African populations of blue wildebeest take part in a long-distance migration, timed to coincide with the annual pattern of rainfall and


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: grass growth on the volcanic soil short-grass plains, where they can find the nutrient-rich forage necessary for lactation and calf growth. The timing of the migration in both directions can vary considerably from year to year. At the end of the rainy season, they migrate to dry-season areas in response to a lack of drinking water. When the rainy season begins again a few months later, the animals trek back to their wet-season range. These movements and access to nutrient-rich forage for reproduction allow migratory wildebeest populations to grow to much larger numbers than resident populations. Many long-distance migratory populations


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: of wildebeest existed 100 years ago, but currently, all but three migrations (Serengeti, Tarangire, and Kafue) have been disrupted, cut off, and lost. The blue wildebeest is preyed on by lions, leopards, African wild dogs, and hyenas, and predation is the main cause of death. They are also prone to outbreaks of disease, which may also lead to a decline in numbers. Major human-related factors affecting populations include large-scale deforestation, the drying up of water sources, the expansion of settlements and poaching. Diseases of domestic cattle such as sleeping sickness can be transmitted to the animals and take their toll.


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: The erection of fences that interrupt traditional migratory routes between wet and dry-season ranges have resulted in mass death events when the animals become cut off from water sources and the areas of better grazing they are seeking during droughts. A study of the factors influencing wildebeest populations in the Maasai Mara ecosystem revealed that the populations had undergone a drastic decline of around 80% from about 119,000 individuals in 1977 to around 22,000 twenty years later. The major cause of this was thought to be the expansion of agriculture, which led to the loss of wet-season grazing and the


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: traditional calving and breeding ranges. Similarly, drastic declines have recently occurred in the Tarangire wildebeest migration. The total number of blue wildebeest is estimated to be around 1,550,000. The population trend overall is stable and the numbers in the Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) have increased to about 1,300,000. The population density ranges from 0.15/km in Hwange and Etosha National Parks to 35/km in Ngorongoro Crater and Serengeti National Park, where they are most plentiful. Blue wildebeest have also been introduced into a number of private game farms, reserves, and conservancy areas. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: Nature rates the blue wildebeest as being of least concern. However, the numbers of the eastern white-bearded wildebeest ("C. t. albojubatus") have seen a steep decline to a current level of probably 6,000 to 8,000 animals, and this is causing some concern. As one of the major herbivores of southern and eastern Africa, the blue wildebeest plays an important role in the ecosystem, and is a main prey item for large predators such as the lion. It is one of the animals that draws tourists to the area to observe big game, and as such, it is of major economic


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: importance to the region. Traditionally, blue wildebeest have been hunted for their hides and meat, the skin making good-quality leather, though the flesh is coarse, dry, and rather tough. However, blue wildebeest can also affect human beings negatively. They can compete with domestic livestock for grazing and water and can transmit fatal diseases like rinderpest to cattle and cause epidemics among animals. They can also spread ticks, lungworms, tapeworms, flies and paramphistome flukes. An ancient carved slab of slate depicting an animal very similar to the blue wildebeest has been discovered. Dating back to around 3000 BC, it was found


title: "Blue wildebeest" content: in Hierakonopolis (Nekhen), which used to be the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at that time. This may be evidence that the animal used to occur in North Africa and was associated with the ancient Egyptians. Blue wildebeest The blue wildebeest ("Connochaetes taurinus"), also called the common wildebeest, white-bearded wildebeest, or brindled gnu, is a large antelope and one of the two species of wildebeests. It is placed in the genus "Connochaetes" and family Bovidae, and has a close taxonomic relationship with the black wildebeest. The blue wildebeest is known to have five subspecies. This broad-shouldered antelope has


title: "Marsha Barbour" content: Marsha Barbour Marsha Dickson Barbour (born in Monroeville, Alabama) was the first lady of the U.S. state of Mississippi from 2004-2012. She is the wife of Mississippi's 63rd governor, Haley Barbour. Marsha Barbour grew up in Monroeville, Alabama. However, she moved with her family to Canton, Mississippi in 1965. She graduated from Canton High School and the University of Mississippi with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1970. Marsha and Haley Barbour were married in December 1971 in Canton, Mississippi. After the wedding, the couple moved to his hometown of Yazoo City, Mississippi. They have two adult sons. Following Hurricane


title: "Museum of Sydney" content: in the press at the time as a "mouthful" and commonly contracted to The Museum of Sydney. The change of name attracted protests. The public entrance to the museum is via First Government House Place in Bridge Street, Sydney. The outline of Phillip's residence, the first Government House, is marked out on the plaza with inlaid stone. Excavation of the site revealed examples of covered drains dated to the late 1790s and brick barrel drains dated to circa 1811 and another to circa 1828. The remains of the drains and privies are shown in their original context, along with other


title: "Religion in Taiwan" content: During the Japanese occupation, Japanese schools of Buddhism (such as Shingon Buddhism, Jōdo Shinshū, Nichiren Shū) gained influence over many Taiwanese Buddhist temples as part of the Japanese policy of cultural assimilation. Although many Buddhist communities affiliated themselves with Japanese sects for protection, they largely retained Chinese Buddhist practices. For instance the Japanisation of Chinese Buddhism, the introduction of clerical marriage and the practice of eating meat and drinking wine, was not as successful as in the Buddhist tradition of Japanese-occupied Korea. Following the end of World War II and the establishment of the Republic of China on the island,


title: "Roger Maltbie" content: Roger Maltbie Roger Lin Maltbie (born June 30, 1951) is an American professional golfer and on-course analyst for NBC Sports. Maltbie was born in Modesto, California and grew up in San Jose. He attended James Lick High School where he was a teammate of former PGA Tour player Forrest Fezler. Maltbie attended San Jose City College (1970–1971), and then went on to San Jose State University; he was a member of the golf team at both institutions. Maltbie turned professional in 1973, joined the PGA Tour in 1974, and played on the Tour full-time from 1975 to 1996. He won


title: "White croaker" content: White croaker White croaker ("Genyonemus lineatus") is a species of croaker occurring in the Eastern Pacific. White croakers have been taken from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, but are not abundant north of San Francisco. White croakers swim in loose schools at or near the bottom of sandy areas. Sometimes they aggregate in the surf zone or in shallow bays and lagoons. Most of the time they are found in offshore areas at depths of . On rare occasions they are fairly abundant at depths as great as . The white croaker is the only species


title: "White croaker" content: of in the genus Genyonemus. Other common names for the fish include Pasadena trout, tommy croaker, and little bass. The body of the white croaker is elongate and somewhat compressed. The head is oblong and bluntly rounded, with a mouth that is somewhat underneath the head. The color is incandescent brownish to yellowish on the back becoming silvery below. The fins are yellow to white. The white croaker is one of five California croakers that have mouths located under their heads (subterminal). They can be distinguished from the California corbina and yellowfin croaker by the absence of a single fleshy


title: "White croaker" content: projection, or barbel, at the tip of the lower jaw. The 12 to 15 spines in the first dorsal fin serve to distinguish white croakers from all the other croakers with sub-terminal mouths, since none of these has more than 11 spines in this fin. White croakers eat a variety of fishes, squid, shrimp, octopus, worms, small crabs, clams and other items, either living or dead. While the ages of white croakers have not been determined conclusively, it is thought that some live as long as 15 or more years. Some spawn for the first time when they are between


title: "White croaker" content: 2 and 3 years old. At this age they are only long and weigh less than . Also have barbels on the lower lip. The largest recorded specimen was , no weight recorded; however, a white croaker weighed 640 grams (1 lb 6½ oz). These fish can be caught on almost any kind of animal bait that is fished from piers or jetties in sandy or sandy mud areas. In fact, they are so easily hooked that most anglers consider them a nuisance of the worst sort. If a person desires to fish specifically for white croakers a tough, difficult-to-steal


title: "White croaker" content: bait, such as squid, is recommended. When hooked, they put up little or no fight. Fishing and catching is good throughout the year. White croaker meat has been used as a co-ingredient in creating Crab stick. White croaker White croaker ("Genyonemus lineatus") is a species of croaker occurring in the Eastern Pacific. White croakers have been taken from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, but are not abundant north of San Francisco. White croakers swim in loose schools at or near the bottom of sandy areas. Sometimes they aggregate in the surf zone or in shallow bays


title: "Memoirs of a Geisha (film)" content: as the Shanghai-based "Oriental Morning Post" and the "Shanghai Youth Daily", quoted the fears that the film might be banned by censors; there were concerns that the casting of Chinese actresses as geishas could rouse anti-Japan sentiment and stir up feelings over Japanese wartime actions in China, especially the use of Chinese women as forced sex workers. Academy Awards Golden Globe National Board of Review Satellite Awards BAFTA Awards Screen Actors Guild Awards NAACP Image Awards The "Memoirs of a Geisha" official soundtrack featured Yo-Yo Ma performing the cello solos, as well as Itzhak Perlman performing the violin solos. The


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: Red-crowned parakeet The red-crowned parakeet or red-fronted parakeet ("Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae"), also widely known by its Māori name of kākāriki, is a small parrot from New Zealand. It is characterised by its bright green plumage and the red pattern on its head. This versatile bird can feed on a variety food items and can be found in many habitat types. It used to be classified as near threatened as invasive predators had pushed it out of its historical range but it is now at least concern. This species that used to occupy the whole country is now confined to only a


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: few areas on the mainland and some offshore islands. Red-crown parakeet are green parrots with large tails. They are easiest to identify by their bright yellow-green plumage, and crimson forehead, lores, eye-stripes and front of the crown. They also have red patches on either sides of the rump. While they are flying, their dark blue outerwing can be visible. Red-crowned parakeets have grey or pale brown legs and feet. Their bills are white to grey with a black tip. Females are slightly smaller with a yellow stripe on the underwing. Their bill is also smaller and narrower. Juvenile red-crown parakeets


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: look similar to adults. However, their bill has a slight pinkish tinge. Moreover, the iris of young parakeets starts off as dull black or brown, and becomes increasingly red as they age. Juvenile males also sport a stripe under the wing like the females. We can recognise red-crowned parakeets by their soft musical chattering calls. Those vocalisations are stronger and lower-pitched than the yellow-crowned parakeet's. During flight and take off, they also emit a "ki-ki-ki-ki-ki" or "kek-kik-kek" sound. The red-crown parakeet is a member of the order Psittaciformes, also known as the parrots. It is part of the genus "Cyanoramphus",


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: which currently includes 12 species of parakeets. "C. novaezelandiae" was once lumped with several other parrots from New Zealand's outlying islands, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island, but these have now been afforded full species status. Since many of the "Cyanoramphus" species are very morphologically similar, several of them have only recently been upgraded to the species level in light of results from molecular analyse. Red-crowned parakeets can live in a wide variety of habitats including dense temperate rainforests, coastal forests, scrubland, forest edges and open areas. When their range overlaps with Yellow-crowned parakeets, red-crowned parakeets favour forest edges and open


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: areas. Red-crowned parakeets were once widespread across the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Nowadays however, most of those mainland populations have disappeared due to predation by introduced species. On the mainland, we can find this species in large forest blocks in Northland, Coromandel and central North Island. In the South Island, there has been records of them along the West, South and South-East coasts. Nevertheless, those mainland populations remain extremely scarce. The rest of the species is confined to Stewart Island/Rakiura and a number of offshore islands (such as Kapiti Island, Tiritiri Matangi Island and Matiu/Somes Island) as


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: well as the Auckland Islands to the south. The other subspecies live on their respective islands, namely the Kermadec Islands and the Chatham Islands. Red-crowned parakeets are highly generalised and diverse when it comes to feeding. They consume flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves and buds from a variety of plants. They also complement their diet with a few invertebrates such as small aphids and can be fed mealworms. Their feeding habits vary throughout the year depending on the seasonal availability of food. In winter and spring, the birds mostly eat flowers. In summer and autumn, their main food items consist of


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: seeds. Red-crowned parakeets form monogamous pair bonds. Couples may or may not stay together after a breeding season, possibly depending on the success of their nesting success. Courtship feeding and other pair bond behaviours begin to take place about two months before laying the eggs, in mid-October. In the beginning of October, males begin to escort their companion to inspect potential nest sites. While he stands guard in front a hole, the female cautiously explores it. She communicates that she found a suitable one by repeatedly entering and exiting the hole. The female then proceeds to excavate a hole up


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: to 10–12 cm deep and 15 cm wide in the floor of the nest chamber with her upper mandible and feet. Wood chips from the walls are chewed and used as substrate. Throughout the whole nest-building process, the male remains nearby, feeding himself and his mate as well as chasing other parakeets away. Successful breeding pairs have been seen coming back to the same nesting location the next year. Nests are mostly found in the holes of large healthy trees, although cavities of other kinds are not excluded. These include holes in cliffs, cavities amongst the roots of plants, abandoned


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: seabird burrows and manmade structures. It has also been noticed that a majority of nest entrances face north. Egg laying takes place from November to January, peaking in December. On average, clutches count 7 eggs, yet can range from 4 to 9. Eggs look oval and white with a slight gloss which fades during incubation. In red-crowned parakeets, only the female incubates. While in the nest, they are seen turning their eggs regularly. Otherwise, they spend their time sleeping, preening or digging. This period last from 23 to 25 days. Again, males visit the nest regularly to feed their companion


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: by regurgitation. The eggs do not hatch all at the same time. Some chicks can emerge several days after the first one. The hatchlings are born sparsely covered by light grey down and weigh on average 4.6g. They can already produce strong, high-pitched sounds. However, the young are altricial, born completely dependent on their parents to fulfill their basic needs. The first couple of days, the chicks are fed a clear viscous liquid brought by the mother. They are later able to eat solid ground particles. Around day 9, when the nestlings can open their eyes, the male is invited


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: back into the nest. From thereon, both parents take care of feeding their offspring. 30 days after hatching, the chicks have developed feather on most of their body and have grown up to about 83g. They then begin leaving the nest, but remain perched or living on the ground in the vicinity of their nest. The parents still visit their young to provide them with food. It is only 10 days after fledging that the young birds begin to feed on their own. They finally acquire complete independence 4 to 5 weeks after leaving the nest. Note that differences timing


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: and clutch size might be observed between different subspecies of red-crowned parakeets considering they live in regions with different environmental conditions. The red-crowned parakeet was once widespread across the islands and mainland of New Zealand. It was extremely abundant during the 1880s and irruptions occurred in a number of locations. Nevertheless, their numbers dropped drastically on the mainland due to their vulnerability to introduced species, particularly stoats, rats, and possums. Various reintroduction attempts have been studied. Between 1976 and 1986, seventeen red-crowned parakeets were released in the Waitakere Ranges near Auckland. The project was not monitored very meticulously and it


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: apparently failed. More recent attempts on Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand from 2004 to 2006 concluded that reintroduction can succeed in areas free of introduced predators. Recent research conducted on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand, has confirmed the presence of the psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) amongst the local red-crown parakeet population. Noisy chattering or gossiping is likened to kākāriki chicks calling in the nest, ""Ko te rua porete hai whakariki"" (just like a nest of kākāriki). The red-crowned parakeet is common in aviculture and is relatively easy to breed. Several colour mutations are available including yellow, cinnamon, and


title: "Red-crowned parakeet" content: piebald. Red-crowned parakeet The red-crowned parakeet or red-fronted parakeet ("Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae"), also widely known by its Māori name of kākāriki, is a small parrot from New Zealand. It is characterised by its bright green plumage and the red pattern on its head. This versatile bird can feed on a variety food items and can be found in many habitat types. It used to be classified as near threatened as invasive predators had pushed it out of its historical range but it is now at least concern. This species that used to occupy the whole country is now confined to only


title: "Guardsman (comics)" content: an emergency. That emergency would come a short time later, when Iron Man and girlfriend Marianne Rogers were taken captive by the superhuman madman Mikas the Soulfather. Putting on the armor before being fully tested, O'Brien fell prey to a malfunction in the cybernetic circuitry controlling the armor which apparently stimulated the regions of the brain where rage and jealousy originate. O'Brien found himself seized with sudden attraction for Marianne and became extremely jealous of Stark's power, looks and fortune. At the same time, Simon Gilbert, then Chairman of the Board of Stark Industries' stockholders, grew alarmed that Stark was


title: "Guardsman (comics)" content: Iron Man. Iron Man confronted his attack and finally convinced him that the armor was causing him to act insanely. O'Brien collapsed on rebelling against his own urge to kill Iron Man. Stark took O'Brien into custody rather than press criminal charges, hoping to convince the man of his innocence in Kevin's death. While Stark worked on a new set of armor, the Japanese mutant Sunfire attacked the plant. Stark was unable to put on his new armor since it had not yet cooled, and unable to find any of his spare suits of armor since a saboteur had stolen


title: "The Grateful Beasts" content: reveal their wickedness. They accused him of being a wicked magician who had come to kidnap the king's daughter. The king summoned Ferko, told him the accusation, and said he would execute him unless he performed three tasks, in which case he would be exiled. His brothers suggested that he had to build a castle more beautiful than the king's. The princess was distressed by the cruelty of their act. Ferko despaired, but the bee came to him and heard his plight. The bees built such a castle, of flowers. For the next task, they suggested that the corn had


title: "Win Mercer" content: was laid to rest at Riverview Cemetery in East Liverpool, Ohio. Win Mercer George Barclay "Win" Mercer (June 20, 1874 – January 12, 1903) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1894 to 1902. Born in East Liverpool, Ohio, he played primarily with the National League Washington Senators (1894–1899), winning 20 games twice with the club. He also played with the New York Giants (1900), the American League Washington Senators (1901), and the Detroit Tigers (1902). Mercer led the National League in games started (41), shutouts (3), and saves (3) in 1897. He holds the interesting record of most


title: Velfjord content: the east). Initially, Velfjord had a population of 1,162. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, Velfjord Municipality (population: 1,380) was merged with the town of Brønnøysund (population: 2,064), Sømna Municipality (population: 2,347), Brønnøy Municipality (population: 2,635), and the Lande area of Bindal Municipality to form a new, enlarged Brønnøy Municipality. Velfjord Velfjord is a former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1875 until its dissolution in 1964. Velfjord municipality was centered around the Velfjorden in what is now Brønnøy Municipality. Most


title: "David Wilson (criminologist)" content: the two units for the twelve most disruptive prisoners in the country. This experience brought him into contact with some of the most notorious offenders of the last 30 years, including Charles Bronson and Dennis Nilsen. Latterly he was Head of Prison Officer and Operational Training in the Prison Service, on whose behalf he made official visits to Northern Ireland and the United States. It was after he returned from a trip to advise on penal reform in Albania on behalf of the Council of Europe, and how much better the prisons were there, that he resigned from Her Majesty's


title: "Elaine Kellett-Bowman" content: Elaine Kellett-Bowman Dame Mary Elaine Kellett-Bowman, DBE (8 July 1923 – 4 March 2014) was a British Conservative politician, serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Lancaster for 27 years from 1970. Born Mary Elaine Kay to Walter and Edith (née Leather) Kay, she was educated at The Mount School, York, St Anne's College, Oxford, and Barnett House, Oxford, and became a barrister, called to the bar by Middle Temple in 1964. She served as a councillor on Denbigh Borough Council, 1952–55, and the London Borough of Camden, 1968-74. She was also a governor of Culford School,


title: "Pedro de Garibay" content: de Villalba. In New Spain he participated in the organization and instruction of provincial troops. Later he transferred to the office of sergeant major of the regiment of Mexico City, a position he held for 23 years. In 1783 he was promoted to colonel and in 1789 to brigadier. By this time old and sick, Viceroy Miguel José de Azanza promoted him to field marshal in anticipation of his retirement. The pro-Spanish (anti-independence) party headed by Gabriel J. de Yermo deposed Viceroy José de Iturrigaray on September 15, 1808 for his pro-independence sympathies. This was the first coup in Mexico's


title: Abaye content: opinions of older authorities. His peace-loving disposition and his sincere piety are well exhibited in his maxims, among which occur the following: "Be mild in speech; suppress your wrath; and maintain good-will in intercourse with your relatives as well as with others, even with strangers in the market-place." Abaye urged his disciples to conduct themselves in such a way as to lead others to the love of God. Abaye Abaye () was a rabbi of the Jewish Talmud who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the fourth generation. He was born about the close of the third century,


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe and North America. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry and European black elderberry. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations. The plant is a very common feature of hedgerows and scrubland in Britain and northern Europe, but is also widely grown as an ornamental shrub or small tree. Both the flowers and the berries have a long tradition of culinary use, primarily for cordial


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: and wine. The Latin specific epithet "nigra" means “black”, and refers to the colour of the berries. The English term for the tree is not believed to come from the word "old" but from the Anglo Saxon "æld", meaning fire, because the hollow stems of the branches were used as bellows to blow air into a fire. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall and wide, rarely tall). The bark, light grey when young, changes to a coarse grey outer bark with lengthwise furrowing, lenticels prominent. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, 10–30 cm long,


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: pinnate with five to seven (rarely nine) leaflets, the leaflets 5–12 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with a serrated margin. The young stems are hollow. The hermaphrodite flowers have five stamens and are borne in large, flat corymbs 10–25 cm diameter in late spring to mid summer, the individual flowers ivory white, 5–6 mm diameter, with five petals; they are pollinated by flies. The fruit is a glossy dark purple to black berry 3–5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in late autumn; they are an important food for many fruit-eating birds, notably blackcaps. There are several other closely


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: related species, native to Asia and North America, which are similar, and sometimes treated as subspecies of "Sambucus nigra". The blue or Mexican elderberry, "Sambucus mexicana", is now generally treated as one or two subspecies of "Sambucus nigra" subsp. "canadensis" and "Sambucus nigra" subsp. "caerulea". Hedges, waste-ground roadsides and woods. "S. nigra" is recorded as very common in Ireland in hedges as scrub in woods. Some selections and cultivars have variegated or coloured leaves and other distinctive qualities, and are grown as ornamental plants. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: The dark blue/purple


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: berries can be eaten when fully ripe but are mildly poisonous in their unripe state. All green parts of the plant are poisonous, containing cyanogenic glycosides (Vedel & Lange 1960). The berries are edible after cooking and can be used to make jam, jelly, chutney and Pontack sauce. The flowerheads are commonly used in infusions, giving a very common refreshing drink in Northern Europe and the Balkans. Commercially these are sold as Elderflower cordial. In Europe, the flowers are made into a syrup or cordial (in Romanian: Socată, in Swedish: fläder(blom)saft, in Danish: hyldeblomstsaft / hyldedrik), which is diluted with


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: water before drinking. The popularity of this traditional drink has recently encouraged some commercial soft drink producers to introduce elderflower-flavoured drinks (Fanta Shokata, Freaky Fläder). The flowers can also be dipped into a light batter and then fried to make elderflower fritters. In Scandinavia and Germany, soup made from the elder berry (e.g. the German "Fliederbeersuppe") is a traditional meal. Both flowers and berries can be made into elderberry wine, and in Hungary an elderberry brandy is made that requires 50 kg of fruit to produce 1 litre of brandy. In south-western Sweden, it is traditional to make a snaps


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: liqueur flavoured with elderflower. Elderflowers are also used in liqueurs such as St-Germain, and in a mildly alcoholic sparkling elderflower 'champagne'. In Beerse, Belgium, a variety of Jenever called "Beers Vlierke" is made from the berries. This plant is used as a medicinal plant by native peoples and herbalists. Stembark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and root extracts are used in bronchitis, cough, upper respiratory cold infections, and fever. "Sambucus nigra" fruits and flowers have been used in traditional Austrian medicine – internally (fruits as tea, jelly, juice, or syrup; flowers as tea or syrup) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: tract, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, and for viral infections, fever, colds, and influenza. The first book about the medicinal properties of the plant was written by German physician Martin Blochwich in the 1620s. The dried corollas and stamens of "Sambucus nigra" L. (Sambucus, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1949) have been used as a vehicle for eye and skin lotions, while the fruits are to promote urination. Like other elderberries, "Sambucus nigra" is subject to elder whitewash fungus and jelly ear fungus. Elder rates as fair to good forage for animals such as mule deer, elk, sheep and small birds. It


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: is classified as nesting habitat for many birds, including hummingbirds, warblers, and vireos. Elderberries are a favorite food for migrating band-tailed pigeons in northern California, which may sometimes strip an entire bush in a short time. It is also good cover for large and small mammals. Elder is cited as a poisonous plant for mammals, and as a weed in certain habitats. All parts of the plant except for the flowers and ripe berries (but including the ripe seeds) are poisonous, containing the cyanogenic glycoside sambunigrin (CHNO, CAS number 99-19-4). The bark contains calcium oxalate crystals. The strong-smelling foliage was


title: "Sambucus nigra" content: used in the past, tied to a horse's mane, to keep flies away while riding. Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe and North America. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry and European black elderberry. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations. The plant is a very common feature of hedgerows and scrubland in Britain and northern Europe, but is also widely grown as an ornamental shrub or small tree. Both


title: "Leeds city centre" content: and houses one of the UK's only Harvey Nichols stores. The recent development of the area has seen two new additional indoor malls, Victoria Gate and also Trinity Leeds. Opened 21 March 2013, the new Trinity Leeds shopping centre had a surge of 130,000 people enter its doors on the first day of opening. Costing £350m and creating 3,000 jobs, this was a major development for Leeds. It was the only major retail development to open in the UK in 2013. It covers 1,000,000 sq ft (92,900 sq m) with key anchor stores being Topman and M&S. Other stores in


title: "Antonín Kubálek" content: award. His exceptionally wide repertoire contained Czech and Canadian music, including contemporary pieces; but also romantic works by Chopin, Schumann, and especially Brahms, for which he is considered to be one of the foremost performers of recent times. A respected educator, Kubálek served on the faculties of The Royal Conservatory of Music, University of Toronto, York University, the Prague Conservatory and the Prague Academy of Performing Arts. In 2003 he established an annual festival in Zlaté Hory in the Czech Republic, The International Kubalek Piano Courses, for young pianists. Among his most important pupils of that time were Richard Pohl


title: "Forced prostitution" content: of trafficking toil under inhuman conditionsin brothels, sweatshops, fields and even in private homes." In addition to internationally trafficked victims, American citizens are also forced into prostitution. According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, "100,000 to 293,000 children are in danger of becoming sexual commodities." Eastern European women are trafficked to several Middle Eastern countries, including Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. Until 2004, Israel was a destination for human trafficking for the sex industry. A high number of the Iraqi women fleeing the Iraq War turned to prostitution, while others were trafficked abroad, to countries like