title: "Front curtain" content: operation, and cost. Depending on a curtain's type, its fabric may be flat or pleated, and it may drape, hang, or do both. Some types open by rising into the fly space above the stage; other types travel horizontally, or travel vertically but gather near the proscenium top and thus do not require a fly space. Some require mechanical power to operate whereas others may be operated by a person, by pulling an operating line (a rope) or directly pulling the curtains. The Austrian curtain or Austrian drape, also called a "puff" curtain, has multiple vertical lines (typically nylon) spaced


title: "Front curtain" content: evenly across the width of the fabric, which typically is a thin satin, charmeuse, or chiffon material that bunches well. Each line runs through a pulley at the top of the curtain and then horizontally to a common head block. The lines descend from the head block to a mechanical winch, which is used to raise the curtain. A winch is necessary to perform this function as the curtain would otherwise be too heavy for one person to raise. As the winch turns, the curtain rises and is collected in a series of swags, which are accentuated by horizontal pleats


title: "Front curtain" content: (called festoons) sewn into the curtain from top to bottom, thereby giving it both vertical and horizontal fullness. Austrian curtains reached their height of popularity in the mid twentieth century. They are considered visually attractive and simple to operate and require little fly space, but have complicated rigging and are relatively expensive. A variation on the Austrian is the "waterfall" curtain: in this version, instead of horizontal festoons, the curtain has vertical pleats like a traditional theater curtain, but it still gathers from the bottom in a number of swags. The waterfall has a pipe batten along the bottom edge


title: "Front curtain" content: to ensure the lines rise evenly. A brail curtain or drape appears as a pleated panel much like a traveler curtain when in the lowered position. It is rigged, however, as an Austrian curtain: the multiple lines leading through rings sewn to along the seams on the back side of the curtain cause the fabric to gather along the bottom in swags as the curtain is raised. It has a faster action than a traveler curtain, and like an Austrian it requires little fly space. An "olio" (or "oleo" ) drop, also called an "olio curtain", "roll drop", or simply


title: "Front curtain" content: an "olio" (though never an "olio drape"), consists of a single large canvas called a "drop", which is attached at the bottom to a long rigid tube. The canvas is often decorated with a mural. Olio curtains were popular in vaudeville theatre as they require a minimum of overhead space, were simple to construct, and in most cases could be operated by a single person. Each end of the rigid tube of the drop has a single coil of rope called an "operating line" wrapped around it. One end of each operating line is secured to the fly space. The


title: "Front curtain" content: line descends from the fly space and loops around the tube once, then rises back up to the fly space and through a pulley. The other end of the line attaches to a counterbalance in the form of sandbags before running back down to the stage floor. When the two lines are pulled, the sandbags descend in unison, causing the tube to rotate and rise, thereby rolling up the canvas onto the tube and revealing the stage. An olio requires a sturdy roll tube to prevent sagging. The larger the tube diameter, the more readily it will descend when the


title: "Front curtain" content: ropes are loosened. The most common type of front curtain is called a "draw curtain", "traveler curtain", "bi-parting curtain", or just "traveler". Traveler curtains remain at a fixed elevation and open and close horizontally, breaking in the middle, and consequently require a minimum of fly space. They always hang freely and therefore are seldom referred to as "drapes". The curtains are typically made of velvet and decorated with a series of vertical box pleats along the top edge. They are the least costly kind of theater curtain to construct and are relatively simple to operate. The "tableau", "tab", or "tabbed"


title: "Front curtain" content: curtain, also called "opera" drapes, though iconic of the theater setting, is the rarest of curtains to actually be employed on the stage. It consists of two overlapping panels (often but not always pleated) secured along the top to a batten, with the lower onstage corners or center points of the panel edges attached to lines or cables. These lines run through series of rings behind each curtain diagonally, and then through pulleys in the batten and down to the floor. When the cord is pulled, the fabric is lifted diagonally up and out, away from the center. In this


title: "Front curtain" content: position, it does not fully clear the stage, instead creating a frilled tent-like viewing frame for the performance– it is because of this tendency to limit the audience's view that it is rarely used except in very small venues. However, as the top of the curtain never moves, it requires no track (like a traveler curtain) and as the curtain itself is never actually raised, neither does it require any sandbag counterweights (like an oleo or an Austrian). The Venetian curtain, also known as a "profile" or "contour" curtain, has multiple vertical lines distributed across the length of the single


title: "Front curtain" content: panel of fabric, which is usually made with as much as 200% fullness and must be thin and soft so it gathers well. The curtain is opened by pulling on the lines. Each line is independently operated, making it possible to control the shape and height of curtain openings. This type of curtain is typically the most difficult type to operate because of the many independent lines. A wipe curtain, named after the film editing technique called a wipe, is a single large curtain that is rigged in a manner similar to traveler curtains. Unlike travelers, which consist of two


title: "Front curtain" content: curtains that part at center stage, a wipe opens from the left or right side of the proscenium and travels horizontally across the entire stage. In some instances of both historical and modern theatres and opera houses, pictures or murals have been printed onto the front curtain, typically to accentuate or complement the architecture or stylistic theme of the theatre. Graphics projected with gobos may create a similar effect, or depict images relevant to the production. Stage lighting instruments may project coloured washes onto the front curtain. These washes help accentuate the front curtain. The instruments that project the wash


title: "Front curtain" content: are known as "curtain warmers." Front curtain A front curtain, also known as a house curtain, act curtain, grand drape, main drape or main rag, is the stage curtain or curtains at the very front of a theatrical stage. Typically, the front curtain is opened at the beginning of a performance to reveal the stage set and closed during intermissions and at the end of a performance. The most common material for the front curtain is a heavy velour material, often with pleated fullness sewn into the fabric to create a more opulent appearance. There are several types of house


title: Deerness content: Deerness Deerness (Old Norse: "Dyrnes") is a "quoad sacra" parish (i.e. one created and functioning for ecclesiastical purposes only) and peninsula in Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. It is about south east of Kirkwall. Deerness forms a part of the civil parish of St. Andrews and Deerness. It consists chiefly of the peninsula, but also takes in its surrounding islets of Copinsay, the Horse of Copinsay and Corn Holm. The Brough of Deerness is the site of an early Christian monastery near the north eastern tip of the peninsula. The Gloup is a sea-cave approximately long and deep just south of the


title: Deerness content: Brough. Edwin Muir was born in Deerness in 1887. The Covenanter's Memorial at Deerness, commemorating the loss in a shipwreck of 200 Covenanters en-route to the New World of America (as a punishment), was largely paid for by Robert Halliday Gunning. Deerness Deerness (Old Norse: "Dyrnes") is a "quoad sacra" parish (i.e. one created and functioning for ecclesiastical purposes only) and peninsula in Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. It is about south east of Kirkwall. Deerness forms a part of the civil parish of St. Andrews and Deerness. It consists chiefly of the peninsula, but also takes in its surrounding islets of


title: "Dudleya lanceolata" content: Dudleya lanceolata Dudleya lanceolata is a succulent plant known by the common name lanceleaf liveforever. This plant is native to the mountains of Southern California and Baja California, where it is found in rocky areas and slopes. This dudleya has fleshy, pointed leaves of variable shape and size, from a basal rosette of flat, spade-shaped leaves to bunches of longer, thicker leaves. It is generally tall and wide. Its stem is erect and bears a branching inflorescence with up to 20 flowers on each of its few branches. The flowers are generally bright yellow, pink, or red, with pale green


title: "Dudleya lanceolata" content: bases. "Dudleya lanceolata" is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty nurseries, for use in rock gardens, as a potted plant, and a native plant in natural landscaping. Dudleya lanceolata Dudleya lanceolata is a succulent plant known by the common name lanceleaf liveforever. This plant is native to the mountains of Southern California and Baja California, where it is found in rocky areas and slopes. This dudleya has fleshy, pointed leaves of variable shape and size, from a basal rosette of flat, spade-shaped leaves to bunches of longer, thicker leaves. It is generally tall and wide. Its stem is erect


title: "Julia Misbehaves" content: and becomes attracted to Fred Ghenoccio (Cesar Romero), a muscular acrobat, and in Paris performs with his troupe to great success. Later, Fred proposes to her as her train pulls away from the station. When Julia reaches her destination, she is penniless, so following her usual methods, she gets a stranger, Colonel Willowbrook (Nigel Bruce), to give her money, supposedly for an evening gown and other clothing. However, she sneaks away before Willowbrook tries to become better acquainted with her. Her mother-in-law is less than pleased to see her, but Julia manages to see Susan, who insists she stay. As


title: "Frank McKelvey" content: Frank McKelvey Frank McKelvey (3 June 1895 – 30 June 1974) was an Irish painter from Belfast. McKelvey was born in 1895 in Belfast, the son of a painter and decorator. He attended the Belfast School of Art and won the "Sir Charles Brett" prize for figure drawing there in 1912. By 1918 his work was exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy and in 1921 he was elected a member of the Belfast Art Society. McKelvey was appointed an associate of the RHA in 1923, being granted full membership in 1930. During his career McKelvey was considered on a par


title: "Phoradendron leucarpum" content: Phoradendron leucarpum Phoradendron leucarpum is a species of mistletoe in the Viscaceae family which is native to the United States and Mexico. Its common names include American mistletoe, eastern mistletoe, hairy mistletoe and oak mistletoe. It is native to Mexico and the south eastern half of the continental US. It is hemiparasitic, living in the branches of trees. The berries are white and . It has opposite leaves that are leathery and thick. "Phoradendron leucarpum" is used in North America as a surrogate for the similar European mistletoe "Viscum album", in Christmas decoration and associated traditions (such as "kissing under


title: "Phoradendron leucarpum" content: the mistletoe"), as well as in rituals by modern druids. It is commercially harvested and sold for those purposes. "Phoradendron leucarpum" is the state floral emblem for the state of Oklahoma. The state did not have an official flower, leaving mistletoe as the assumed state flower until the Oklahoma Rose was designated as such in 2004. Over 60 species of trees are hosts to "P. leucarpum", especially trees in the genera of Acer (maple), Fraxinus (ash), Juglans (walnuts0, Nyssa, Platanus (plane trees), Populus, (poplars) Quercus (oaks), Salix (willows), and Ulmus (elms). Phoradendron leucarpum Phoradendron leucarpum is a species of mistletoe


title: PPP2R3B content: and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B<nowiki>"</nowiki> family. The B<nowiki>"</nowiki> family has been further divided into subfamilies. The product of this gene belongs to the beta subfamily of regulatory subunit B<nowiki>"</nowiki>. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. PPP2R3B has been shown to interact with PPP2R1B, PPP2R1A, CDC6 and PPP2CA. PPP2R3B Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B<nowiki>"</nowiki> subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "PPP2R3B" gene. Protein phosphatase 2 (formerly named type 2A) is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated


title: KCNS3 content: consisting of three Kv2.1 subunits and one Kv9.3 subunit. KCNS3 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3 (Kv9.3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "KCNS3" gene. KCNS3 gene belongs to the S subfamily of the potassium channel family. It is highly expressed in pulmonary artery myocytes, placenta, and parvalbumin-containing GABA neurons in brain cortex. In humans, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the KCNS3 gene are associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas decreased KCNS3 mRNA expression is found in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Voltage-gated potassium channels form the largest and most diversified class of ion channels and


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Fisker Karma The Fisker Karma was a premium plug-in range-extended electric luxury sports sedan produced by Fisker Automotive in 2012. The cars were manufactured at Valmet Automotive in Finland. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the Karma's combined city/highway fuel economy at equivalent (MPG-e) in all-electric mode, and at in gasoline-only mode. EPA's official all-electric range is . Due to the very small cabin interior volume, the EPA rated the Fisker Karma as a subcompact car. The first deliveries took place in the U.S. in late July 2011, and deliveries to retail customers began in November 2011. Pricing


title: "Fisker Karma" content: in the U.S. started at for the base model (EcoStandard), US$110,000 for the intermediate EcoSport model and for the top model (the "Animal Free" EcoChic). Around 1,800 units were delivered in North America and Europe through December 2012. The U.S. was the leading market, with about 1,600 units sold. Production was suspended in November 2012 when the sole battery supplier to Fisker Automotive, A123 Systems, filed for bankruptcy following two battery recalls. Fisker Automotive was unable to carry on production of the Fisker Karma in the absence of its sole battery supplier, with about 2,450 Karmas built since 2011. After


title: "Fisker Karma" content: furloughing its US workers in late March 2013, Fisker Automotive filed for bankruptcy in November 2013, after the United States Department of Energy auctioned its debt and sold it to Hybrid Technology LLC for . Following the sale of some of the assets of the company, the designs, rights to a plug-hybrid powertrain and a manufacturing facility in Delaware to the Chinese company Wanxiang, the new owners re-commenced production in September 2016 under the brand name Karma Automotive. After several announcements by the Wanxiang Group to reintroduce an upgraded version of the Fisker Karma, the car was renamed the Karma


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Revero and Karma Automotive started taking orders in September 2016. The Fisker Karma was revealed at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It is the first car from Fisker Automotive, a new auto maker based in Anaheim, California, founded on 5 September 2007. Production began in July 2011, and the first two deliveries took place in the United States on 26 July 2011. In October 2011 the first Karma delivered in the UK was auctioned to benefit Pratham UK and raised a bid of (around ). Following the sale to Chinese company Wanxiang of assets, designs, rights


title: "Fisker Karma" content: to a plug-hybrid powertrain, and a manufacturing facility in Delaware, the new owners in September 2016 commenced production under the name Karma Automotive. After several announcements by Wanxiang Group to reintroduce an upgraded version of the "Fisker Karma", it has been renamed the Karma Revero and . The Karma is a range-extended electric vehicle or series hybrid driven by a pair of electric motors that receive power from a 20.1 kWh lithium ion battery supplied by A123 Systems and/or an engine powered generator. The battery pack runs down the center of the car, between the pairs of left-hand and right-hand


title: "Fisker Karma" content: seats, preventing a rear bench and seating four rather than five passengers. Once the battery is depleted, or when the driver activates the "Sport" paddle on the steering wheel, the front-mounted 260-hp, 2.0-liter Ecotec four-cylinder direct-injection turbocharged gasoline engine powers a generator that sends electricity directly to the drive motors. The engine is sourced from General Motors. The battery can also be charged from the grid, making the vehicle a type of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The Karma's engine is mated with a generator to provide an electrical connection to the motors and also recharge the batteries, and as


title: "Fisker Karma" content: such the electric motors are the only mechanical driving force connected to the wheels. However, in all-electric mode, the Karma is around half as efficient as the Chevrolet Volt. The proprietary Q-Drive hybrid drive train is supplied by Quantum Technologies, which operates in a joint venture with Fisker Coachbuild known as Fisker Automotive. The Karma's curb weight is . The Karma includes as standard a solar paneled roof manufactured by Asola Advanced and Automotive Solar Systems GmbH, a Quantum Technologies affiliate, to aid the cabin climate control system. The solar roof is capable of generating a half kilowatt-hour a day


title: "Fisker Karma" content: and was estimated to provide up to of additional range a week assuming continuously sunny days; however, the solar panels as delivered only recharge the 12-volt lead-acid accessory battery. The base model features an "eco-friendly interior", including salvaged/reclaimed lumber. The interior space is rated as subcompact by the EPA. Optional leather seating is available, but it will use much more of the cow hide than would customarily be found on luxury models; hides with scratches and other marks (which should not affect functionality) will be used. The EcoChic features a natural fabric interior with an ultra-suede dash, as part of


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Fisker's ecological "animal-free" offering. The Karma has a warning sound system designed to both alert pedestrians of its presence and enhance the driver experience. The sound is emitted through a pair of external speakers embedded in the bumper, and the sound-generator was developed by Fisker Automotive. The warning sound is emitted automatically and activated only when the car is traveling in all-electric mode at less than . The Karma's two motors produce of torque, giving the Karma a quoted horsepower of 403 HP. The Karma features a top speed and is capable of reaching from a standstill in 6.3 seconds.


title: "Fisker Karma" content: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official all-electric range for the Fisker Karma is under the agency's five-cycle tests using varying driving conditions and climate controls. EPA's estimated energy consumption is 65 kWh per 100 miles (1462 kJ/km). The total range with a full tank of gasoline and a fully charged battery is . EPA's official rating for combined city/highway fuel economy in all-electric mode is 52 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (4.5 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 62 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent). The EPA rating in gasoline-only mode is . Regarding EPA's rating Henrik Fisker, CEO and co-founder of Fisker Automotive


title: "Fisker Karma" content: commented that "...as with all electric vehicles, range varies greatly on the conditions of the road and how you drive the car. We firmly believe that most owners will get up to 50 miles of driving range on a single charge." The German Technical Inspection Association (TÜV) found through independent tests that the Fisker Karma has an all-electric range of in stealth (all-electric) mode. TÜV found that in charge-sustaining sport mode the Karma achieves a fuel economy of 26 mpg (9.2 l/100 km). The combined fuel economy was rated at 112 MPG-e (2.1 l/100 km equivalent) and the emissions level


title: "Fisker Karma" content: is 51 g/km CO. Fisker Automotive and Valmet Automotive reached agreement in 2008 to manufacture the Karma in Uusikaupunki, Finland, with the final assembly contract signed by both parties on 13 November 2008. In 2008 Fisker Automotive began accepting pre-orders in the United States, and Europe and initially scheduled sales of its Karma PHEV by the fourth quarter of 2009 in the United States, and starting in 2010 in Europe. In 2009 Henrik Fisker reported 1,300 orders for the Karma. Henrik Fisker showed the first production model Karma at the 2010 Paris Motor Show. In July 2011, Fisker stated that


title: "Fisker Karma" content: it had received 3,000 pre-orders and that the plug-in hybrid was sold out until early 2012. After re-scheduling the Karma market launch to September 2010, and missing its target to build 70 to 100 test cars in 2010, production began in July 2011, and the two first deliveries took place in the United States during the same month. The Valmet plant in Finland began production with five cars a week. By December 2011 the production rate was 25 units a day. Production was suspended in November 2012 due to financial difficulties, with about 2,450 Karmas built since 2011. As a


title: "Fisker Karma" content: result of flash floods caused by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, 16 Karmas caught fire and another 330 units were lost when an entire shipment from Europe was flooded while being parked at Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in November 2011. In the United States the first vehicles were sold for for the basic model, and for the top model. In December 2011 prices were raised to for the base EcoStandard model, and for the top model, the EcoChic. Over 2,000 Karmas were delivered to customers in North America and Europe through December


title: "Fisker Karma" content: 2012, of which, around 200 were delivered in 2011 and approximately 1,800 in 2012. About 1,600 units were sold in the United States through December 2013. A total of 533 units were sold in Europe through December 2014. The Netherlands was the top selling European market for the Karma, with 166 units sold through June 2013. A total of 55 Karmas were sold in Switzerland through June 2013, 52 in Belgium through November 2012, and 44 in France through December 2014. In 2010, the United States Department of Energy awarded Fisker a US$529 million green-energy loan, primarily to assist the


title: "Fisker Karma" content: company in transitioning the Karma, which is assembled in Finland, into the American markets. Fisker collected nearly US$200 million until February 2012, when the government froze the loan, because the company was failing to meet the government's milestones. Three months later, in May, Fisker spokesman Robert Ormisher told ABC News that negotiations with the DOE were ongoing, and "We're hoping for a conclusion fairly soon." The Karma was praised on the British television series "Top Gear" for its looks and hybrid technology while being road-tested by presenter James May and special guest, AC/DC front-man Brian Johnson. Johnson noted that it


title: "Fisker Karma" content: is probably one of the first production cars that actually looks like the concept version that is sketched beforehand, saying, "It's a cracking looking jam-jar". May noticed similarities in the hybrid-powertrain to his own idea that was used in a segment for "Top Gear" a few years earlier (The "Hammerhead Eagle i-Thrust"), though he admits that his idea was very crudely executed. He joked that Fisker would be hearing soon from his lawyers. After his test of the Karma EcoChic, James May awarded it his Top Gear "Car of the Year Award" for 2011. In December 2011, Fisker recalled the


title: "Fisker Karma" content: first 239 Karmas built from July through 3 November 2011, and delivered to the USA, due to a risk of battery fire caused by coolant leak. Of the 239 cars, fewer than fifty had been delivered to customers, the rest were in dealerships, and at that time no car had been involved in a fire. In the report filed by Fisker Automotive with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the carmaker said some hose clamps were not properly positioned, which could allow a coolant leak. "If coolant enters the battery compartment an electrical short could possibly occur, causing a


title: "Fisker Karma" content: thermal event within the battery, including a possible fire in the [worst] case." The problem was discovered on 16 December at the Valmet Automotive assembly plant in Finland when workers noticed coolant dripping. On 2 January 2012, Fisker announced that most customer cars and cars stocked in dealerships affected by the recall involving A123 Systems-supplied battery packs are back in service. The vehicles have either had brand new battery packs installed or the confirmed repair to the hose clamp assembly undertaken. The remaining customers have been contacted and appointments were made for their replacement battery installation. On 18 August 2012,


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Fisker announced it is recalling about 2,400 Karma plug-in hybrids to repair a faulty cooling fan unit. On 7 March 2012, a Fisker Karma purchased for US$107,850 by "Consumer Reports" magazine was taken out for a test drive at the "CR" test track facility in Connecticut. The Karma had fewer than on its odometer. While performing a routine speedometer calibration check prior to actual road testing, the car broke down and could not be restarted. "We buy about 80 cars a year and this is the first time in memory that we have had a car that is undriveable before


title: "Fisker Karma" content: it has finished our check-in process." The fault was traced to a defective battery caused by a misaligned welding robot at the A123 factory. The battery was replaced in a week. A123 is replacing affected batteries in the Karma and four other customers to a cost of $55 million. Warranty for the Karma will be extended to 60 months and 60,000 miles in North America. A Fisker Karma was involved in a home fire that also burned two other cars in Fort Bend County, Texas in May 2012. The chief fire investigator said the Karma was the origin of the


title: "Fisker Karma" content: fire that spread to the house, but the exact cause is still unknown. The plug-in electric car was not plugged in at the time the fire started and it was reported that the Karma's battery was intact. The carmaker released a public statement saying that there was uncertainty and conflicting reports surrounding the event. Fisker Automotive also stated that the battery pack "does not appear to have been a contributing factor in this incident." The NHTSA is conducting a field inquiry of the incident, and is working with insurance adjusters and Fisker to determine the fire's cause. A second fire


title: "Fisker Karma" content: incident took place in August 2012 when a Karma caught fire while stopped at a parking lot in Woodside, California. According to Fisker engineers, the area of origin for the fire was determined to be outside the engine compartment, as the fire was located at the driver's side front corner of the car. The evidence suggested that the ignition source was not the lithium-ion battery pack, new technology components or unique exhaust routing. The investigation conducted by Fisker engineers and an independent fire expert concluded that the cause of the fire was a low temperature cooling fan located at the


title: "Fisker Karma" content: left front of the Karma, forward of the wheel. An internal fault caused the fan to fail, overheat and started a slow-burning fire. Fisker announced a recall to repair the faulty cooling fan unit. In separate incidents during the storm and flooding caused by Hurricane Sandy on the night of 29 October 2012, 16 Karmas and one Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid caught fire while parked at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal. The vehicles were partially submerged by flash floods caused by the hurricane. Initially, a Fisker Automotive spokesman said the company "can't be certain exactly what happened at the port" but


title: "Fisker Karma" content: "we think being submerged in 13 feet of saltwater had something to do with it". The carmaker clarified that the Karmas were not charging at the time of the fire and there were no injuries. In the case of the Toyota's incident, a Prius PHV burned and two other Prius, a conventional hybrid and a plug-in, just smoldered. A Toyota spokeswoman said the fire "likely started because saltwater got into the electrical system". She also clarified that the incident affected only three cars out of the 4,000 Toyotas that were at the terminal during the storm, including more than 2,128


title: "Fisker Karma" content: plug-in or hybrid models. After an investigation by Fisker engineers, witnessed by NHTSA representatives, the company said that the origin of the fire was "residual salt damage inside a Vehicle Control Unit submerged in seawater for several hours. Corrosion from the salt caused a short circuit in the unit, which led to a fire when the Karma's 12-Volt battery fed power into the circuit". The company explained that Sandy's heavy winds spread that fire to other Karmas parked nearby, and also ruled out the vehicles' lithium-ion battery packs as a cause of, or even a contributing factor to, the blaze.


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Fisker reported a loss of around 330 additional Karmas when an entire shipment from Europe was flooded in the port terminal, the estimated value of the flood loss is in excess of million. Guitarist Carlos Santana made the news 20 September 2013 when he wrecked his Fisker Karma in Las Vegas after falling asleep at the wheel and hitting two parked cars. No one was injured. On 14 April 2008, Tesla Motors filed a lawsuit against Fisker Automotive, alleging that Henrik Fisker stole Tesla's Model S hybrid technology and was using it to develop the Karma. Tesla's suit claimed that


title: "Fisker Karma" content: the design work done for the Model S sedan by Fisker Coachbuild was substandard, and that Fisker Automotive diverted its best ideas to the Karma. On 4 November 2008 CNET News reported that Tesla Motors would discontinue its suit after an interim ruling in favor of Fisker et al. A news release on the Fisker Automotive website stated that Tesla was ordered to pay US$1,144,285 in costs. Fisker previewed the Karma S "Sunset", which is based on the regular Karma, at the 2012 North American International Auto Show, Fisker has said that the Sunset only has minimum weight increases, when


title: "Fisker Karma" content: compared with the Karma. It was expected to be produced after the Surf, which was expected to be sometime after late 2013. The Fisker S Sunset was to be the world's first plug-in hybrid convertible, with a folding hardtop, as well as the first convertible/roadster by Fisker. The Fisker Surf was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show – described by "Automobile" as a shooting-brake or a hatchback. Sales of the four-door plug-in hybrid, which has the same range as the Karma, were scheduled to begin in 2013. The production version was scheduled to be unveiled at the 2012 Paris


title: "Fisker Karma" content: Auto Show. The Surf's entire powertrain, chassis, and interior are identical to the Karma sedan, with the only major cabin change being the additional room in back for a couple of adults, and expandable room in the back is up from to anywhere from to . Overall weight on the Surf versus the Karma increases by just . Retired General Motors Vice-Chairman Bob Lutz and his business partner Gilbert Villarreal announced the debut of VL Automotive at the 2013 North American International Auto Show. VL has acquired 25 unsold Fisker Karmas and is remaking the cars by taking out the


title: "Fisker Karma" content: hybrid electric powertrain and installing a Chevrolet Corvette LS9 supercharged V8 gasoline engine with 638 hp (476 kW; 647 PS) and 604 lbf·ft (819 N·m) of torque and a 6-speed automatic transmission. Lutz told Automotive News that he'll also change the grille, make it "silky and buttery to drive," and sell them at prices beginning around $200,000. The resulting vehicle will be called the VL Destino. In May 2014 VL merged with WM GreenTech Automotive, and resulted in the car being renamed WM Destino by its new owners. In January 2016, the car was renamed as the VLF Destino V8,


title: "Fisker Karma" content: to mark the creation of the new company VLF Automotive. Deliveries of new VLF Destinos began in mid-2016. The Karma Revero is the new production revamped and updated version of the Fisker Karma, from Wanxiang's Karma Automotive, the reincarnated Fisker Automotive. 2009 marked the first time that an electric vehicle was named a North American Production Preview Vehicle of the Year by the North American Concept Vehicle of the Year Awards. The award went to Fisker Automotive for the Fisker Karma Sunset. The Fisker Karma was listed among the "Green Design 100" of 2009 by "Time" magazine. Also, Time listed


title: "Fisker Karma" content: the Karma among "The 50 Best Inventions" of 2011. In November 2011 the Fisker Karma won "Automobile Magazine's" 2012 Design of the Year Award. In December 2011, Karma was chosen as "Luxury Car of The Year" by "Top Gear Magazine", and "Car of The Year" by James May of "TopGear". In 2012, the German car magazine "Auto Bild" awarded the Fisker the "Golden Steering Wheel Award" as "Classic Car of the Future. Producers of the TV show "Two and a Half Men" chose the Karma as the vehicle for Walden Schmidt. Fisker Karma The Fisker Karma was a premium plug-in


title: "Guildhall, Chester" content: a variety of events, including conferences, receptions, dances, and concerts. Following a decision of Chester Council, the Guildhall is now run privately - for discos - and public access for historical research is no longer possible. Guildhall, Chester The Guildhall, formerly Holy Trinity Church, is a redundant church in Watergate in the city of Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The church closed in 1960, became known as the Guildhall, and was converted to be used for secular purposes. The original building, which had a north


title: "Justin Malewezi" content: Justin Malewezi The Right Hon Dr Justin Malewezi or Justin Chimera Malewezi (born 1944) is a Malawian politician and a Member of Parliament for Ntchisi North in the Central Region of Malawi. He was Vice-President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. Malewezi quit the United Democratic Front in 2004 and eventually represented the People's Progressive Movement in the 2004 general election, in which he garnered 2.5% of the total national vote. Malewezi's lifelong career has been as a public servant. He was educated at Robert Blake Secondary School, popularly known as Kongwe in the Central region district of Dowa, where


title: "American Collegiate Institute" content: graduates of ACI who want to study abroad and apply to universities abroad. The Overseas University Counselor of ACI helps the students in such desires. Since its foundation, ACI’s graduates have been accepted to some of the world’s most prestigious schools, including Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Yale University, University of Chicago, New York University, Johns Hopkins University, University of Southern California, London School of Economics, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, King's College London, University of Pennsylvania, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, McGill University, University of British Columbia, Columbia


title: "Reliance Power" content: The upper cut off price for the bid was Rs. 450 The proposed IPO was to fund the development of its six power projects across the country whose completion dates are scheduled from December 2009 to March 2014. A media report suggested that, if the company’s stock price were to cross Rs. 650–700, Anil Ambani would go past L. N. Mittal to become the richest Indian. "It is a reflection of world community in the future of India... Investors seem to be confident in the future of Indian economy," Indian Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram told the media about the IPO.


title: "Royalist (Spanish American independence)" content: of transAtlantic collaboration is perhaps Francisco Javier Mina's expedition to Texas and northern Mexico in 1816 and 1817. Spanish Americans in royalist areas who were committed to independence had already joined guerrilla movements. Ferdinand's actions did set areas outside of the control of the royalist armies on the path to full independence. The governments of these regions, which had their origins in the juntas of 1810—and even moderates there who had entertained a reconciliation with the crown—now saw the need to separate from Spain, if they were to protect the reforms they had enacted. Spanish liberals finally had success in


title: "Rodolfo Cadena" content: Cadena arrived on the lower yard and was met by a six-foot-five, 300-pound black inmate who planted a kiss on his face and announced this scrawny teenager would now be his 'bitch.' Chy returned a short time later, walked up to the unsuspecting predator, and stabbed him to death with a jailhouse knife, or shiv. There were more than a thousand inmates on the yard. No witnesses stepped forward, and only one dead man entertained the idea that Cadena was anybody's bitch. Cadena and Joe "Pegleg" Morgan, who became his best friend and mentor, led the gang to prominence in


title: "Trigger (guitar)" content: Trigger goes, I'll quit". He asked his daughter, Lana, to take the guitar from the studio before any IRS agent got there, and bring it to him in Maui. Nelson then hid the guitar in his manager's house until his debt was paid in 1993. In his book, "The Tao of Willie: A Guide to Happiness in Your Heart", Nelson described the influence of the guitar in his style: "One of the secrets to my sound is almost beyond explanation. My battered old Martin guitar, Trigger, has the greatest tone I've ever heard from a guitar. ... If I picked


title: Half-rubber content: edition of "American Speech Journal", English teacher Lowry Axley claims that the game originated in Savannah "some eight to ten years ago by two boys who got the idea when they were hitting pop-bottle caps with broom handles." In the January 1975 issue of "Western Folklore", Hugh M. Thomoson says that he played half-rubber in rural Georgia in the mid-1930s. In South Carolina, half-rubber traces its roots back to the Charleston neighborhood of Little Mexico. Other accounts record the game as coming from the freed slave community of Pin Point, Georgia. Half-rubber was played by African-Americans in the streets in


title: "Motor City Classic" content: a PBA oil pattern in its "Versatility Swing." For the 2009–10 season, the PBA made the Motor City Classic part of the multi-tournament "World Series of Bowling" event. The qualifying rounds of the tournament, which determined the top four bowlers for the TV finals, continued to be contested at Taylor Lanes. The TV finals were taped September 5 in nearby Allen Park, MI for a November 1 ESPN broadcast. Motor City Classic The Motor City Classic is a ten-pin bowling tournament on the PBA Tour. It is among the first regular season events on the tour and is played at


title: "USS Barnstable County (LST-1197)" content: MARG 3-80, and set out to return home on 22 October. Traveling once again by way of the West Indies, "Barnstable County" conducted gunnery exercises near Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico on 2 November before heading through the Old Bahama Channel and then north along the east coast. She moored at Morehead City on 8 November, disembarked troops, and resumed her passage home. The ship moored at Little Creek on 9 November and spent the remainder of the year in a leave and upkeep period. In late 1988, the ship transited the Panama Canal, and cruised of the coast of Central


title: "123rd Street – Blue Island station" content: 123rd Street – Blue Island station 123rd Street Station (also known as 123rd Street - Blue Island Station) is one of four Metra railroad stations in Blue Island, Illinois, along the Beverly Branch of the Rock Island District Line, and five within Blue Island generally. It is from LaSalle Street, the northern terminus of the line, and is named after and located on 123rd Street. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 123rd Street is in zone D. Parking is available on the northeast side of the tracks north along 123rd Street. The station is little more than an enclosed sheltered platform,


title: "Material handling" content: in standard sizes and configurations; truck trailers, rail boxcars, and airplane cargo bays are limited in width, length, and height; and the number of feasible container/pallet sizes for a load may be limited due to the existing warehouse layout and storage rack configurations and customer package/carton size and retail store shelf restrictions. Also, the practical size of a unit load may be limited by the equipment and aisle space available and the need for safe material handling. Manual handling refers to the use of a worker’s hands to move individual containers by lifting, lowering, filling, emptying, or carrying them. It


title: "Verbesina encelioides" content: Verbesina encelioides Verbesina encelioides is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species is native to many parts of the United States and Mexico. It is naturalized in other parts of North America, the Middle East, Spain, Argentina, Australia and the Pacific islands. Common names include golden crownbeard, gold weed, wild sunflower, cowpen daisy, butter daisy, crown-beard, American dogweed and South African daisy. The species responds strongly to disturbances on suitable sites and retards the development of other local species. Research has identified an allelopathic effect on radishes which may explain its ability to dominate other species in some


title: "Verbesina encelioides" content: locations. Verbesina encelioides Verbesina encelioides is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species is native to many parts of the United States and Mexico. It is naturalized in other parts of North America, the Middle East, Spain, Argentina, Australia and the Pacific islands. Common names include golden crownbeard, gold weed, wild sunflower, cowpen daisy, butter daisy, crown-beard, American dogweed and South African daisy. The species responds strongly to disturbances on suitable sites and retards the development of other local species. Research has identified an allelopathic effect on radishes which may explain its ability to dominate other species in


title: "Winchester, Ohio" content: Winchester, Ohio Winchester is a village in Adams County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,051 at the 2010 census. The name of the surrounding township is also named Winchester. State Route 136 passes through Winchester. Winchester is adjacent to Ohio State Route 32, a four lane divided highway known as the Appalachian Highway. The Appalachian Highway links Winchester to Cincinnati. A traffic signal is located at the intersection of Routes 32 and 136. Winchester is located at (38.940248, -83.653174). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and


title: "Finger tree" content: to the root, the deeper the subtrees of the original tree (the tree before it was a finger tree) the nodes points to. In this way, working down the tree is going from the leaves to the root of the tree, which is the opposite of the typical tree data structure. To get this nice and unusual structure, we have to make sure the original tree has a uniform depth. To ensure that the depth is uniform, when declaring the node object, it must be parameterized by the type of the child. The nodes on the spine of depth 1


title: "Ontario Highway 53" content: known as Brant County Highway 53, continues southeast, passing through the community of Cathcart. It continues, eventually straightening out and travelling east through Burford. As the road approaches Brantford, it intersects Highway 24 (Rest Acres Road) and skirts the southern edge of Brantford Municipal Airport. Within Brantford, the road is known as Colborne Street, although the section through downtown Brantford is a one-way street; westbound traffic is directed onto Dalhousie Street. The route crosses the Grand River west of downtown, intersecting and becoming concurrent with former Highway 2, now Brant County Highway 2, at Brant Avenue. It intersects the southern


title: "Unforgiven (2004)" content: the center of the ring, and humiliated the group. Orton was however ineligible to face Triple H at Taboo Tuesday for the World Heavyweight Championship, as he was unable to win a match against Batista, which would have given Orton a championship match. On the October 4, 2004 edition of "Raw", three candidates were named as potential contenders for Triple H's World Heavyweight Championship at Taboo Tuesday; Chris Benoit and Edge were revealed as two of the candidates. Shawn Michaels, however, competed in a qualifying match, which it saw him defeat Christian, to become the third candidate. On the October


title: WICH content: personalities (even its station tagline eventually became "personality radio"): Stu Bryer, (longtime midday host and station favorite) Johnny London, former Morning drive-time personality, (who both ran for city mayor and once boxed at a local celebrity function), Jim Reed (station manager and son of first super salesman Dick Reed), Bill Reese (legendary comedic late night host), Dick Legare (whose Saturday afternoon show, "Beachcomber's Beat" was a town favorite), Michael Bernz, newscaster Cassidy Driscoll, newscaster Kevin Gorden. The station hosted such programs as "Swap Shop" and "Stu-same Street". WICH WICH (1310 AM, "Personality Radio") is a radio station licensed to serve


title: Purl content: Purl Purl or wormwood ale is an English drink. It was originally made by infusing ale with the tops of the wormwood plant, especially the variety which grows in coastal salt marsh, which is called old woman. Other purgative or bitter herbs such as orange peel or senna might also be used. The drink was commonly drunk in the early hours of the morning at which time it was popular with labourers. By the middle of the 19th century, wormwood had been forgotten and the recipe was to mull ale instead with gin, sugar and spices such as ginger. It


title: Purl content: was sold by purl-men from purl-boats on the Thames who were licensed by the Watermen's Hall. The drink ceased to be popular by the end of the 19th century, being replaced by beer, especially the variety known to the English as bitter. Purl-royal was a similar concoction made using wine in place of ale or beer. The English took the drink with them to North America and a purl house was opened in New York, where rich punches and possets were popular. Shakespeare mentions purl in his play, "The Merry Wives of Windsor". Samuel Pepys recorded in his diary entry


title: Purl content: for February 19, 1660, "Thence forth to Mr Harper's to drink a draft of purle, whither by appointment Monsieur L'Impertinent..." On March 21, 1662, he writes, "Thence to Westminster Hall ... Here I met with Chetwind, Parry, and several others, and went to a little house behind the Lords' house to drink some wormwood ale, which doubtless was a bawdy house, the mistress of the house having the look and dress". Two centuries later, purl appeared in Charles Dickens' "The Old Curiosity Shop", published in 1840-1841. The character Dick Swiveller makes a show of kindness by bringing from a public


title: Purl content: house a boy "...who bore in one hand a plate of bread and beef, and in the other a great pot, filled with some very fragrant compound, which sent forth a grateful steam, and was indeed choice purl, made after a particular recipe which Mr Swiveller had imparted to the landlord, at a period when he was deep in his books and desirous to conciliate his friendship." Dickens described the final period of the drink in his last novel, "Our Mutual Friend": Purl Purl or wormwood ale is an English drink. It was originally made by infusing ale with the


title: "James Bethea" content: James Bethea James A. Bethea Jr. (born January 14, 1965) is an American writer, producer and occasional performer, primarily in the field of television. As the former Head of Current Programming for UPN, he is among a handful of African Americans to head a programming department at a broadcast network. Series overseen by him at UPN include "Star Trek Voyager", "Dilbert", "Clueless", and "Moesha". As an actor, his work has included 2008's "Iron Man" and the 2010 sequel, "Iron Man 2". Bethea was born in New York City's Harlem, the son of Constance, a social worker, and James Sr., a


title: "The Hinsons" content: scene. When asked about the group's comparisons to his family The Original Hinsons, Weston had this to say, “We aren’t trying to be the Original Hinsons or any other group that has inspired us…what we’re trying to do is take what we’ve learned from those phenomenal artists and build something even bigger. That’s the purpose of a foundation…to build on it, and that’s how we view our heritage…as a cornerstone from which we can build on their successes and learn from their hard work and determination.” This group feels that there isn't anything that they cannot accomplish both musically and


title: "Manuel Macías y Casado" content: Manuel Macías y Casado Manuel Macías y Casado, OIC (1845–1937) was a Spanish general. He served as Governor-General of Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War and as governor of Melilla (in three separate terms), and occupied various other posts. Born in Teruel, Spain, Macías attended the Colegio de Infantería and became a sub-lieutenant at the age of 17. He became a lieutenant in Cuba on January 1, 1863. In December 1863 he was transferred to Santo Domingo. He was promoted to captain in March 1864. He remained in Santo Domingo until 1865. From 1865 to April 1875, he was stationed


title: "Encelia californica" content: Encelia californica Encelia californica is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name California brittlebush. It is also commonly referred to as "California bush sunflower". This shrub is native to southern California (U.S.) and northern Baja California (México). It is a member of the coastal sage plant community at the shoreline, and the chaparral and woodlands plant community on inland foothills in the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges. "Encelia californica" is a bushy, sprawling shrub reaching between 50–150 cm (20-60 inches) in height. It has many thin branches covered in widely spaced green leaves which


title: "Encelia californica" content: are a rounded diamond shape. The solitary flower heads are daisylike, with 15 to 25 bright yellow ray florets 1 to 3 centimeters long around a center of protruding yellowish to purplish brown disc florets. The fruit is an achene 5 to 7 millimeters long, with no pappus. It blooms from February to June, and attracts butterflies, bees, and other insects. It is a host plant for the larvae of the Bay checkerspot butterfly, a threatened species. "Encelia californica" is cultivated by specialty nurseries as an ornamental plant, for use in native plant and wildlife gardens, and natural landscaping projects.


title: "Encelia californica" content: It is drought tolerant but not frost tolerant, and needs full sun. Encelia californica Encelia californica is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name California brittlebush. It is also commonly referred to as "California bush sunflower". This shrub is native to southern California (U.S.) and northern Baja California (México). It is a member of the coastal sage plant community at the shoreline, and the chaparral and woodlands plant community on inland foothills in the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges. "Encelia californica" is a bushy, sprawling shrub reaching between 50–150 cm (20-60 inches) in height.


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (: "Phra Thinang Anantasamakhom": translated as "The place of immense gathering") is a royal reception hall within Dusit Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. It was commissioned by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1908. The building was completed in 1915, 5 years after Rama V's death in 1910. It is now employed from time to time for certain state occasions. Until October 2017, when it indefinitely closed to the public, the hall was open to visitors as a museum and housed the Arts of the Kingdom exhibition, which showcased handicrafts produced under the


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: sponsorship of the Queen Sirikit Institute. One year after the completion of the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall in 1906, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) decided to commission the construction of a grand European-style reception hall for use by the royal court inside the Dusit Palace. The king named the hall 'Phra Thinang Ananta Samakhom'. The name was the same as a throne hall built by his father King Mongkut (Rama IV) in 1859, which was situated in the Grand Palace. The old throne hall was later demolished by the orders of Chulalongkorn himself and the name was later reused for the


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: new edifice. Chulalongkorn laid the foundation stone of the throne hall on the 40th anniversary of his first coronation 11 November 1908. The throne hall built in Italian Renaissance and neoclassical style, was first given to the Prussian C. Sandreczki, afterwards two Italian architects Mario Tamagno and Annibale Rigotti took over much of the work. With engineering work by Carlo Allegri and G.E. Gollo. Marble from Carrara, Italy and other foreign materials were used. Italian sculptor Vittorio Novi, who would later also work on the Mahadthai Udthit Bridge (สะพานมหาดไทยอุทิศ), was employed with his nephew Rudolfo Nolli. The throne hall was


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: used for grand royal ceremonies and receptions, as well as a gallery for the king's art collection mostly purchased from his two trips to Europe. The construction took eight years and was completed in 1915 during the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). During the four days of the 1932 Revolution (24–27 June), the Khana Ratsadon (or the People's Party) used the throne hall as its headquarters. The party also imprisoned several princes and royal ministers as hostages inside the hall as it carried out its coup. The events transformed the country's political system from an absolute monarchy to a


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: constitutional one. After the revolution, the hall was taken over by the constitutional government and the country's first Parliament, the National People's Assembly of Siam was first convened here on the 28 June 1932. Henceforth the hall was used as the seat of the legislative branch until 1974 when the new Parliament House was opened to the north. After the move the structure was returned to the royal court and once more became a part of the Dusit Palace. Today many ceremonies are held within the throne hall. The most visible being the State Opening of Parliament, where the king


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: gives a speech from the throne, opening the legislative session of the National Assembly of Thailand. The Throne Hall is a two-storey construction with a large dome (49.5 m high) in the centre, surrounded by six smaller domes. The domes and walls are covered with paintings by Galileo Chini and Carlo Riguli depicting the history of the Chakri Dynasty, from the first to the sixth reign. In front of the Hall is the Royal Plaza with the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). Fresco drawings in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall were accomplished by Galileo Chini and Carlo Riguli,


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: who were the royal artists serving King Rama V. There are paintings on every ceiling and wall of the dome depicting the history of the Chakri Dynasty. The northern dome exhibits the picture of King Rama I leading his armies back to Thailand after defeating the Khmer and later crowned as the first king of the Chakri dynasty. The eastern dome shows the contribution of King Rama II and King Rama III to arts by ordering constructions of the royal temples. The southern dome displays King Rama V's abolition of slavery. Pictures of King Rama IV (King Mongkut) surrounded by


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: priests of various faiths are shown on the western dome, depicting the king's advocacy of all religions. Mural paintings in the middle hall narrate the royal duties of King Rama V and King Rama VI. Other parts of the hall are decorated with King Rama V's and King Rama VI's monograms, including a variety of royal emblems such as the Garuda emblem. On the balcony of the middle hall, art nouveau paintings are decorated on the walls with pictures of European women holding flower garlands. The throne previously hosted the Arts of the Kingdom exhibition, which showcased handicrafts produced under


title: "Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall" content: the sponsorship of the Queen Sirikit Institute. It indefinitely closed to visitors on 1 October 2017. The Arts of the Kingdom exhibition will be relocated to Ayutthaya Province. Other buildings by Mario Tamagno and/or Annibale Rigotti: Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (: "Phra Thinang Anantasamakhom": translated as "The place of immense gathering") is a royal reception hall within Dusit Palace in Bangkok, Thailand. It was commissioned by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1908. The building was completed in 1915, 5 years after Rama V's death in 1910. It is now employed from time to time for


title: "Chris Thomsen" content: 3, 2012 it was announced that Thomsen would be leaving his position at Arizona State to accept the position of offensive line coach for the Texas Tech Red Raiders On December 8, 2012, Red Raiders head coach Tommy Tuberville resigned to take the same position with the Cincinnati Bearcats football program, and two days later Thomsen was named interim head coach replacing Tuberville. Thomsen lead the team to a victory in the 2012 Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas against Minnesota. Following the bowl victory, Arizona State hired Thomsen once more to be their running backs coach. As of March


title: "Snow leopard" content: Snow leopard The snow leopard or ounce ("Panthera uncia") is a large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because the global population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals and decline about 10% in the next 23 years. As of 2016, the global population was estimated at 4,678 to 8,745 mature individuals. The snow leopard inhabits alpine and subalpine zones at elevations from , ranging from eastern Afghanistan to Mongolia and western China. In the northern range countries, it also


title: "Snow leopard" content: occurs at lower elevations. Taxonomically, the snow leopard was initially classified in the monotypic genus "Uncia". Since 2008, it is considered a member of the genus "Panthera" based on results of genetic studies. Two subspecies were described based on morphological differences, but genetic differences between the two have not been confirmed. It is therefore regarded a monotypic species. Both the Latinized specific epithet "uncia" and the occasional English name "ounce" are derived from the Old French "once", originally used for the European lynx. "Once" itself is believed to have arisen by false splitting from an earlier variant of "lynx", "lonce"


title: "Snow leopard" content: – where "lonce" was interpreted as "l'once", in which "l" is the elided form of the French definite article "la" ('the'), leaving "once" to be perceived as the animal's name. This, like the English version "ounce", came to be used for other lynx-sized cats, and eventually for the snow leopard. The word "panther" derives from classical Latin "panthēra", itself from the ancient Greek "pánthēr" (πάνθηρ). The snow leopard was first described by the German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber on the basis of an illustration in his 1777 publication "Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen". Schreber


title: "Snow leopard" content: named the cat "Felis uncia" and gave its type locality as Barbary, Persia, East India, and China. In 1854, the British zoologist John Edward Gray proposed the genus "Uncia", to which he subordinated the snow leopard under the name "Uncia irbis". British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock corroborated this classification, but attributed the scientific name "Uncia uncia". He also described morphological differences between snow leopards and the then-accepted "Panthera" species. Following Schreber's description of the species, several snow leopard subspecies were proposed: Until spring 2017, there was no evidence available for recognition of subspecies. Results of a phylogeographic study published in


title: "Snow leopard" content: September 2017 indicate that three subspecies should be recognised: "P. u. uncia" in the Pamir Mountains range countries, "P. u. uncioides" in the Himalayas and Qinghai, and "P. u. irbis" in Mongolia. The snow leopard is part of the "Panthera" lineage, one of the eight lineages of Felidae. This lineage comprises the species of "Panthera" and "Neofelis". The Neofelis lineage diverged first from the remainder of the Felinae. Subsequent branching between the snow leopard and clouded leopard began two to three million years ago, but the details of this are disputed. Results of a phylogenetic study published in 2006, based


title: "Snow leopard" content: on nDNA and mtDNA analysis, indicate that snow leopard and tiger are sister taxa, whereas the leopard is sister taxon to two clades within "Panthera" – one consisting of the tiger and the snow leopard, and the other of the lion and the jaguar. Results of a similar study published in 2009 corroborated this assessment. Results obtained during two subsequent phylogenetic studies indicate a swapping in the cladogram between the leopard and the jaguar. A 2016 study indicates that, at some point in their evolution, snow leopards interbred with lions, as their mitochondrial genomes are more similar to each other


title: "Snow leopard" content: than their nuclear genomes. These results indicate that a female hybrid offspring of male ancestors of modern snow leopards and female ancestors of modern lions interbred with the male ancestors of modern snow leopards. The snow leopard's fur is whitish to gray with black spots on head and neck, but larger rosettes on the back, flanks and bushy tail. The belly is whitish. The fur is thick with hairs between long. Its body is stocky, short-legged and slightly smaller than the other cats of the genus "Panthera", reaching a shoulder height of , and ranging in head to body size


title: "Snow leopard" content: from . Its tail is long. Its eyes are pale green or grey in color. Its muzzle is short and its forehead domed. Its nasal cavities are large. It weighs between , with an occasional large male reaching and small female of under . The snow leopard shows several adaptations for living in a cold, mountainous environment. Its body is stocky, its fur is thick, and its ears are small and rounded, features that help to minimize heat loss. Its broad paws well distribute the body weight for walking on snow, and have fur on their undersides to increase their


title: "Snow leopard" content: grip on steep and unstable surfaces; it also helps to minimize heat loss. Its long and flexible tail helps to maintain balance in the rocky terrain. The tail is also very thick due to fat storage, and is very thickly covered with fur, which allows the cat to use it like a blanket to protect its face when asleep. The snow leopard cannot roar, despite possessing partial ossification of the hyoid bone. This partial ossification was previously thought to be essential for allowing the big cats to roar, but new studies show that the ability to roar is due to


title: "Snow leopard" content: other morphological features, especially of the larynx, which are absent in the snow leopard. Snow leopard vocalizations include hisses, chuffing, mews, growls, and wailing. The snow leopard is distributed from the west of Lake Baikal through southern Siberia, in the Kunlun Mountains, in the Russian Altai mountains, Sayan and Tannu-Ola Mountains, in the Tian Shan, across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to the Hindu Kush in eastern Afghanistan, Karakoram in northern Pakistan, in the Pamir Mountains, and in the high altitudes of the Himalayas in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, and the Tibetan Plateau. In Mongolia, it is found in the


title: "Snow leopard" content: Mongolian and Gobi Altai Mountains and the Khangai Mountains. In Tibet, it is found up to the Altyn-Tagh in the north. Potential snow leopard habitat in the Indian Himalayas is estimated at less than in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh, of which about is considered good habitat, and 14.4% is protected. In the beginning of the 1990s, the Indian snow leopard population was estimated at roughly 200–600 individuals living across about 25 protected areas. In summer, snow leopards usually live above the tree line on mountainous meadows and in rocky regions at


title: "Snow leopard" content: altitudes from . In winter, they come down into the forests to altitudes around . Snow leopards prefer rocky, broken terrain, and can travel without difficulty in snow up to deep, although they prefer to use existing trails made by other animals. Global warming has caused the tree line to be increased in altitude, resulting in the decrease of wild prey that depend on the plants for food. Before 2003, the total wild snow leopard population was estimated at 4,080 to 6,500 individuals. In 2016, the global population was estimated at 4,678 to 8,745 individuals, suggesting that the total number


title: "Snow leopard" content: of snow leopards was larger than previously thought. Snow leopards inhabit the following protected areas: Snow leopards were also recorded by camera traps at 16 locations in northeastern Afghanistan's isolated Wakhan Corridor. The snow leopard is solitary, except for females with cubs. They rear them in dens in the mountains for extended periods. An individual snow leopard lives within a well-defined home range, but does not defend its territory aggressively when encroached upon by other snow leopards. Home ranges vary greatly in size. In Nepal, where prey is abundant, a home range may be as small as to and up


title: "Snow leopard" content: to five to 10 animals are found here per ; in habitats with sparse prey, though, an area of supports only five of these cats. However, a new study lasting from 2008 to 2014 indicates their ranges are much greater than believed; a male snow leopard requires a territory of around 80 square miles, while females require up to 48 square miles of territory. Taking this data into account, it is estimated that 40 percent of the 170 protected areas in place are smaller than the space required to support a single male snow leopard. This study also says the


title: "Snow leopard" content: leopards defend their territory. Like other cats, snow leopards use scent marks to indicate their territories and common travel routes. These are most commonly produced by scraping the ground with the hind feet before depositing urine or scat, but they also spray urine onto sheltered patches of rock. Snow leopards are crepuscular, being most active at dawn and dusk. They are known for being extremely secretive and well camouflaged. The snow leopard is a carnivore and actively hunts its prey. It is an opportunistic hunter and also eats carrion. It can kill animals two to four times its own weight,


title: "Snow leopard" content: such as Himalayan blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, markhor, argali, and juvenile horses and camels. It prefers prey ranging in weight from , but also hunts smaller mammals such as marmot, pika and vole species. Snow leopards prefer to ambush prey from above, using broken terrain to conceal their approach. They will actively pursue prey down steep mountainsides, using the momentum of their initial leap to chase animals for up to . They kill with a bite to the neck, and may drag the prey to a safe location before feeding. They consume all edible parts of the carcass, and can


title: "Snow leopard" content: survive on a single bharal for two weeks before hunting again. Annual prey needs appears to be 20–30 adult blue sheep. The snow leopard is capable of killing most animals in its range, with the probable exception of the adult male yak. It also eats a significant amount of vegetation, including grass and twigs. Snow leopards have been recorded to hunt in pairs successfully, especially mating pairs. The diet of the snow leopard varies across its range and with the time of year, and depends on prey availability. In the Himalayas, it preys mostly on Himalayan blue sheep and Siberian


title: "Snow leopard" content: ibex. In the Karakoram, Tian Shan, Altai and Mongolia's Tost Mountains, its main prey consists of Siberian ibex, Thorold's deer, Siberian roe deer and argali. Other species hunted when available include red panda, wild boar, langur monkey, snow cock and Chukar partridge. Where snow leopards prey on domestic livestock, they are subject to conflict with humans. However, even in Mongolia, where wild prey has been reduced, and interactions with humans are common, domestic livestock, mainly domestic sheep, comprises less than 20% of snow leopard diet. Herders kill snow leopards to prevent them from taking their livestock. The loss of prey


title: "Snow leopard" content: animals due to overgrazing by domestic livestock, poaching, and defense of livestock are the major drivers for the decreasing population of the snow leopard. The snow leopard has not been reported to attack humans, and appears to be the least aggressive to humans of all big cats. As a result, they are easily driven away from livestock; they readily abandon their kills when threatened, and may not even defend themselves when attacked. Snow leopards become sexually mature at two to three years, and normally live for 15–18 years in the wild. In captivity they can live for up to 25


title: "Snow leopard" content: years. Oestrus typically lasts from five to eight days, and males tend not to seek out another partner after mating, probably because the short mating season does not allow sufficient time. Paired snow leopards mate in the usual felid posture, from 12 to 36 times a day. They are unusual among large cats in that they have a well-defined birth peak. They usually mate in late winter, marked by a noticeable increase in marking and calling. Females have a gestation period of 90–100 days, so the cubs are born between April and June. Generation length of the snow leopard is


title: "Snow leopard" content: eight years. The mother gives birth in a rocky den or crevice lined with fur shed from her underside. Litter sizes vary from one to five cubs, but the average is 2.2. The cubs are blind and helpless at birth, although already with a thick coat of fur, and weigh from . Their eyes open at around seven days, and the cubs can walk at five weeks and are fully weaned by 10 weeks. Also when they are born, they have full black spots which turn into rosettes as they grow to adolescence. The cubs leave the den when they


title: "Snow leopard" content: are around two to four months of age, but remain with their mother until they become independent after around 18–22 months. Once independent, they disperse over considerable distances, even crossing wide expanses of flat terrain to seek out new hunting grounds. This likely helps reduce the inbreeding that would otherwise be common in their relatively isolated environments. The major threat to snow leopard populations is poaching and illegal trade of skins and body parts. In China, 103 to 236 animals are poached every year, in Mongolia between 34 and 53, in Pakistan between 23 and 53, in India from 21


title: "Snow leopard" content: to 45, and in Tajikistan 20 to 25. Poaching is linked to prey declines and livestock depredation. Numerous agencies are working to conserve the snow leopard and its threatened mountain ecosystems. These include the Snow Leopard Trust, the Snow Leopard Conservancy, the Snow Leopard Network, the Cat Specialist Group, and the Panthera Corporation. These groups and various national governments from the snow leopard’s range, nonprofits, and donors from around the world worked together at the 10th International Snow Leopard Conference in Beijing. Their focus on research, community programs in snow leopard regions, and education programs are aimed at understanding the


title: "Snow leopard" content: cat's needs, as well as the needs of the villagers and herder communities juxtaposed with the snow leopards' habitats. In 2013, government leaders and officials from all 12 countries encompassing the snow leopard's range (Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) came together at the Global Snow Leopard Forum (GSLF) initiated by the President Almazbek Atambayev of the Kyrgyz Republic, and the State Agency on Environmental Protection and Forestry under the government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The meeting was held in Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic, and all countries agreed that


title: "Snow leopard" content: the snow leopard and the high mountain habitat it lives in need trans-boundary support to ensure a viable future for snow leopard populations, as well as to safeguard their fragile environment. The event brought together many partners, including NGOs like the Snow Leopard Conservancy, the Snow Leopard Trust, and the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union. Also supporting the initiative were the Snow Leopard Network, the World Bank's Global Tiger Initiative, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Wild Fund for Nature, the United States Agency for International Development, and Global Environment Facility. At the GSLF meeting, the 12 range countries


title: "Snow leopard" content: signed the Bishkek Declaration to "acknowledge that the snow leopard is an irreplaceable symbol of our nations' natural and cultural heritage and an indicator of the health and sustainability of mountain ecosystems; and we recognize that mountain ecosystems inhabited by snow leopards provide essential ecosystem services, including storing and releasing water from the origins of river systems benefitting one-third of the world’s human population; sustaining the pastoral and agricultural livelihoods of local communities which depend on biodiversity for food, fuel, fodder, and medicine; and offering inspiration, recreation, and economic opportunities." Out of these efforts was formed a cooperative support effort,


title: "Snow leopard" content: the Global Snow Leopard and Eco-system Protection Program (GSLEP). The GSLEP is a joint initiative of range country governments, international agencies, civil society, and the private sector. Its goal is to secure the long-term survival of the snow leopard in its natural ecosystem. The goal of the GSLEP is for the 12 snow leopard range countries, with support from conservation agencies, NGOs and others to work together to identify and secure at least 20 healthy populations of snow leopards across the cat’s range by 2020, or "20 by 2020". Many of these populations will cross international boundaries. The three criteria


title: "Snow leopard" content: that will secure healthy populations of snow leopards are populations that represent at least 100 breeding age snow leopards, contain adequate and secure prey populations and have connectivity to other snow leopard populations. This is an interim goal for the years through to 2020. During the coming years, agreement will be reached on the steps needed to achieve the ultimate goal of ensuring that healthy snow leopard populations remain the icon of the mountains of Asia for generations to come. To help spread the word amongst the people, government authorities, and conservation groups in each range country, 2015 was designated


title: "Snow leopard" content: the International Year of the Snow Leopard as part of the GSLEPP's work. All range-country governments, nongovernmental and inter-governmental organizations, local communities, and various private sector businesses pledged to take the year as an opportunity to further work towards conservation of snow leopards and their high-mountain ecosystems. In 2008, there were approximately 600 snow leopards in zoos around the world. In the Richmond Metropolitan Zoo in Virginia, in the United States of America, snow leopard cubs were born in 2016. Much progress has been made in securing the survival of the snow leopard, with them being successfully bred in captivity.


title: "Snow leopard" content: Females usually give birth to two to three cubs in a litter, but can give birth to up to seven in some cases. Snow leopard attacks on humans are rare; only two instances are known. On July 12, 1940, in Maloalmaatinsk gorge near Almaty, a rabid snow leopard attacked two men during the day and inflicted serious injuries on both. In the second case, not far from Almaty, an old, toothless, emaciated snow leopard unsuccessfully attacked a passerby in winter; it was captured and carried to a local village. There are no other records of any snow leopard attacking a


title: "Snow leopard" content: human being. A 2008 "Natural World" episode, "Snow Leopard – Beyond the Myth", interviewed a couple with a goat farm in Pakistan; the woman was bowled over by a snow leopard escaping an enclosure where it had been feeding on the livestock, but she was not attacked by the cat, despite fainting and being helpless. The film crew went to some lengths to demonstrate that the cat was primarily hunting wild prey and was often ranging far outside the area, as they hoped to prevent local farmers from shooting it. Nevertheless, they also found evidence of other sightings of the


title: "Snow leopard" content: cats around nearby human settlements, and of repeated attacks on livestock (some of them unsuccessful). Snow leopards attacking livestock has also been a subject of conservation journal papers. Snow leopards have symbolic meaning for Turkic peoples of Central Asia, where the animal is known as "irbis" or "bars", so it is widely used in heraldry and as an emblem. The snow leopard in heraldry is sometimes known in English as the "ounce". The cat has long been used as a political symbol, the "Aq Bars" ('White Leopard'), by Tatars, Kazakhs, and Bulgars, among others. A snow leopard is found on


title: "Snow leopard" content: the official seal of the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan, and the former 10,000 Kazakhstani tenge banknote also featured one on the reverse. A mythical winged "Aq Bars" is found in the national coat of arms of Tatarstan, the seal of the city of Samarqand, Uzbekistan, and (also with a crown) the old coat of arms of the Kazakh capital, Astana. In Kyrgyzstan, it has been used in highly stylized form in the modern emblem of the capital, Bishkek, and the same art has been integrated into the badge of the Kyrgyzstan Girl Scouts Association. A crowned snow leopard features in


title: "Snow leopard" content: the arms of Shushensky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. The Snow Leopard award, given to Soviet mountaineers who scaled all five of the Soviet Union's 7,000-meter peaks, is named after the animal, but does not depict one. The cat is the state animal of Himachal Pradesh, a north Indian state in the western Himalayas. The animal has also been declared the "National Predator" of Pakistan. Documentary footage of the snow leopard is scarce. While such coverage would not be remarkable with regard to common species, wildlife video of the snow leopard is difficult to obtain due to the animal's rarity and


title: "Snow leopard" content: the human inaccessibility of much of its natural habitat. The BBC One TV series "Planet Earth" had a segment on snow leopards. The series took some of the first video of snow leopards in the wild, and also featured a snow leopard hunting a markhor. The episode "Mountains" of "Planet Earth II", aired in November 2016, featured the rather violent mating fights of snow leopards, as well as a snow leopard's chuffing and wailing. Nisar Malik, a Pakistani journalist, and Mark Smith, a cameraman who had worked on the "Planet Earth" segment, spent a further 18 months filming snow leopards


title: "Snow leopard" content: in the Hindu Kush for the BBC Two series "Natural World" episode "Snow Leopard – Beyond the Myth". The cat has been featured in segments of other episodes of the same series. The PBS/WNET series "Nature" focused on the species in its episode "Silent Roar: Searching for the Snow Leopard". A snow leopard named Dawa along with her cubs is one of the focal points of the 2017 Disneynature film "Born in China". In Peter Matthiessen's 1978 travelogue "The Snow Leopard", he recounts his two-month search with naturalist George Schaller for snow leopards in Nepal. In Philip Pullman's 1995–2000 fantasy


title: "Snow leopard" content: trilogy "His Dark Materials", Lord Asriel's dæmon is a snow leopard named Stelmaria. Tai Lung, the main antagonist of the 2008 film "Kung Fu Panda", is an anthropomorphized snow leopard. In the 2013 film "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", photojournalist Sean O'Connell (played by Sean Penn) is shown photographing snow leopards in Afghanistan. Snow leopard The snow leopard or ounce ("Panthera uncia") is a large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because the global population is estimated to number less than


title: "Samuel H. Wood" content: were later destroyed. Ethics concerns were subsequently raised. Wood and five other researchers published their findings in the online research journal "Stem Cells" in an article entitled "Development of Human cloned Blastocyst Following Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) with Adult Fibroblasts." Samuel H. Wood Samuel H. Wood is a scientist and fertility specialist. In 2008, he became the first man to clone himself, donating his own DNA via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce mature human embryos that were his clones. Wood completed undergraduate studies in psychology at Loma Linda University in 1979. His graduate training includes a M.A.


title: "Speculative realism" content: and Quentin Meillassoux of the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Credit for the name "speculative realism" is generally ascribed to Brassier, though Meillassoux had already used the term "speculative materialism" to describe his own position. A second conference, entitled "Speculative Realism/Speculative Materialism", took place at the UWE Bristol on Friday 24 April 2009, two years after the original event at Goldsmiths. The line-up consisted of Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Graham Harman, and (in place of Meillassoux, who was unable to attend) Alberto Toscano. While often in disagreement over basic philosophical issues, the speculative realist thinkers have a shared resistance


title: "Araneus marmoreus" content: Araneus marmoreus Araneus marmoreus, commonly called the marbled orb-weaver, is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is sometimes also called the pumpkin spider from the resemblance of the female's inflated abdomen to an orange pumpkin. It has a Holarctic distribution. "Araneus marmoreus" is found throughout all of Canada to Alaska, the northern Rockies, from North Dakota to Texas, and then east to the Atlantic, as well as in Europe. It is one of the showiest orbweavers. Two main forms of this species are known. The nominate variety has an orange abdomen with black or brown marbling


title: "Araneus marmoreus" content: while var. "pyramidatus" is much paler, sometimes almost white, with a single dark blotch towards the rear of the abdomen. The nominate variety is found throughout the species' range while var. "pyramidatus" is found only in Europe, where the two varieties are seldom found together. The female has a body length (excluding legs) of up to 14 mm while the male is rather smaller at 9 mm. Adult female marbled orbweavers are 9 to 20 millimeters in length with very large abdomens that are mostly orange with brown to purple markings and spots of pale yellow. Occasionally the abdomens are


title: "Araneus marmoreus" content: nearly white in color. The cephalothorax is yellow to burnt-orange with a central dark line and dark lines down either side. The femora and patellae are orange. The other leg segments are yellow, becoming brown at the distal ends, as are all of the legs of the males. The webs are found in trees, shrubs and tall weeds, and grasses in moist, wooded settings and can frequently be found along the banks of streams. The webs are oriented vertically and have a "signal" thread attached to the center that notifies the spider when prey has been captured. Unlike "Argiope" garden


title: "Araneus marmoreus" content: spiders, "Araneus marmoreus" hides in a silken retreat to the side of the web (at the end of the signal thread). In adults, the retreat is made of leaves folded over and held together with silk. Immature spiders make their retreats out of silk only. Egg cocoons, which contain several hundred eggs, are generally deposited in October and are constructed of white silk formed in a flattened sphere. Immature spiders emerge from the cocoons in spring. Adults are seen from midsummer until the first hard freeze of fall. Like other orbweavers, the marbled orbweaver is not considered a medically important


title: "Araneus marmoreus" content: species. Araneus marmoreus Araneus marmoreus, commonly called the marbled orb-weaver, is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is sometimes also called the pumpkin spider from the resemblance of the female's inflated abdomen to an orange pumpkin. It has a Holarctic distribution. "Araneus marmoreus" is found throughout all of Canada to Alaska, the northern Rockies, from North Dakota to Texas, and then east to the Atlantic, as well as in Europe. It is one of the showiest orbweavers. Two main forms of this species are known. The nominate variety has an orange abdomen with black or brown


title: "The Way We Were (Barbra Streisand album)" content: section for the February 9, 1974 issue. The publication highlighted album tracks "Being at War with Each Other" and "All in Love Is Fair" and declared: "This is the way Streisand should sound." Stephen Holden from "Rolling Stone" labeled it "her best album in years"; he also found that her voice sounds just "as fresh as it did in the sixties". Jon Landau, also from "Rolling Stone", was disappointed by the singer's effort, writing that she "no longer sings songs", but rather "acts them out". He referenced her catalogue and stated: "I've enjoyed Barbra Streisand's music in the past, but


title: Kahaani content: he was offered the role of the contract killer Bob Biswas. He thought there were suitable actors in Hindi film industry for the role. He said that Ghosh had known him since childhood and was impressed with his acting, so he wanted him as Bob Biswas. Ghosh went against the expectations of casting a popular actor from Bollywood. He signed Bengali actor Abir Chatterjee to play Vidya's husband. According to Ghosh, popular Bollywood actors were not willing to work with him after his two previous flops. He also believed that audience might expect more screen-time from a better-known actor. Several


title: "Steven Reinemund" content: Captain, serving for five years in the United States Marine Corps after he graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1970. Part of his five years in the military, Reinemund served as a guard at the White House during the administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After leaving the military, Reinemund held various positions at IBM and Marriott's Roy Rogers division in addition to earning an MBA at the Darden Business School at UVA in 1978. In 1984, Reinemund joined PepsiCo's Pizza Hut division (subsequently divested) as the Senior Vice President of


title: "Epilobium ciliatum" content: Epilobium ciliatum Epilobium ciliatum, known by the common names fringed willowherb, American willowherb, slender willow herb, and northern willow herb is a species of "flowering plant" in the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to much of North America, southern South America, and East Asia. It is an introduced species in much of Eurasia and Australia. This perennial herbaceous plant usually occurs in wetlands, but may be found in a great variety of habitats, including disturbed areas and roadsides, at elevations below . "Epilobium ciliatum" is a clumping perennial often exceeding in height. It has thickly veined lance-shaped leaves


title: "Epilobium ciliatum" content: which may be up to 15 centimeters long toward the base of the plant. The foliage, stem, and inflorescence are covered in bristly hairs and glands. There are four sepals. The regular, trumpet-shaped flowers have four petals which are so deeply notched they look like four pairs. They are white to light purple or pink with dark veining. There are eight stamens and a club-shaped stigma. The fruit is a narrow, hairy, four-chambered capsule up to 10 centimeters in length which may be held on a long stalk. The seeds are downy and can float for long distances with the


title: "Epilobium ciliatum" content: wind. Three subspecies are currently recognized: "Epilobium ciliatum" may be a cryptic species complex. The Rocky Mountain Willowherb ("Epilobium saximontanum") is sometimes included as yet another subspecies. The three currently recognized subspecies may each constitute a distinct species. If so, "E. ciliatum" ssp. "watsonii" would perhaps use the name "E. adenocaulon" and include those populations, while "E. ciliatum" ssp. glandulosum" would perhaps use the name "E. bergianum" and include those populations. The others named "E. ciliatum" ssp. "ciliatum" populations would remain. "Epilobium ciliatum" is native to the southern part of Canada and most of the United States of America. It


title: "Epilobium ciliatum" content: arrived in northern Europe early in the 20th century and spread rapidly, reaching Finland in about 1920. It is a plant of moist places, stream-sides, ditches, ponds, gardens, roadsides, recently cleared areas and wasteland. Epilobium ciliatum Epilobium ciliatum, known by the common names fringed willowherb, American willowherb, slender willow herb, and northern willow herb is a species of "flowering plant" in the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to much of North America, southern South America, and East Asia. It is an introduced species in much of Eurasia and Australia. This perennial herbaceous plant usually occurs in wetlands, but


title: "Flying gurnard" content: Flying gurnard The flying gurnard ("Dactylopterus volitans"), also known as the helmet gurnard, is a bottom-dwelling fish of tropical to warm temperate waters on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. On the American side, it is found as far north as Massachusetts (exceptionally as far as Canada) and as far south as Argentina, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. On the European and African side, it ranges from the English Channel to Angola, including the Mediterranean. This is the only species in the monotypic genus Dactylopterus. Similar and related species from the genus "Dactyloptena" are found in the Indian


title: "Flying gurnard" content: and Pacific Oceans. This fish is variable in coloration, being brownish or greenish with reddish or yellowish patches. When excited, the fish spreads its "wings", which are semi-transparent, with a phosphorescent bright blue coloration at their tips. The fish also has large eyes. It reaches up to in length and in weight. The fish's main diet consists of small fish, bivalves, and crustaceans. Flying gurnard The flying gurnard ("Dactylopterus volitans"), also known as the helmet gurnard, is a bottom-dwelling fish of tropical to warm temperate waters on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. On the American side, it is found


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: Turbinellus floccosus Turbinellus floccosus, sometimes known as the shaggy, scaly, or woolly chanterelle, is a cantharelloid mushroom of the family Gomphaceae native to Asia and North America. It was known as Gomphus floccosus until 2011, when it was found to be only distantly related to the genus's type species, "G. clavatus". It was consequently transferred from "Gomphus" to "Turbinellus". The orange-capped vase- or trumpet-shaped fruiting bodies may reach 30 cm (12 in) high and 30 cm (12 in) wide. The lower surface, the hymenium, is covered in wrinkles and ridges rather than gills or pores, and is pale buff or


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: yellowish to whitish. "T. floccosus" forms symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal) relationships with various types of conifer, growing in coniferous woodlands across Eastern Asia, from North Korea to Pakistan, and in North America, more frequently in the west, in late summer and autumn. Though mild-tasting, they generally cause gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when consumed. "T. floccosus" is eaten by local people in northeastern India, Nepal and Mexico. This species was first described as "Cantherellus floccosus" in 1834 by American mycologist Lewis David de Schweinitz, who reported it growing in beech woods in Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania. Its specific epithet is derived


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: from the Latin "floccus", meaning "tuft, or flock, of wool". In 1839, Miles Joseph Berkeley named a specimen from Canada as "Cantharellus canadensis" based on a manuscript by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch, noting its affinity to "C. clavatus". A large specimen collected in Maine by Charles James Sprague was described as "Cantharellus princeps" in 1859 by Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis. In 1891, German botanist Otto Kuntze renamed "Cantharellus canadensis" as "Trombetta canadensis", and "C. floccosus" as "Merulius floccosus". Franklin Sumner Earle made "C. floccosus" the type species of the new genus "Turbinellus" in 1909, in which he placed two other


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: North American species. He remarked that the three "constitute a striking and well-marked genus which seems to have more in common with the club-shaped species of "Craterellus" than with the following genus where they have always been placed." This was not widely taken up, as Earle's new combination was not published validly according to nomenclatural rules. American mycologist Elizabeth Eaton Morse described "Cantharellus bonarii" in 1930. The type locality was General Grant National Park in Fresno County, California. In 1945 "C. floccosus" and Morse's "C. bonarii" were transferred to "Gomphus" by Rolf Singer. The generic name is derived from the


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: Ancient Greek γομφος, "gomphos", meaning "plug" or "large wedge-shaped nail". Alex H. Smith treated the members of "Gomphus" as two sections—"Gomphus" and "Excavatus"—within "Cantharellus" in his 1947 review of chanterelles in western North America, as he felt there were no consistent characteristics that distinguished the genera. The shaggy chanterelle was placed in the latter section due to its scaly cap, lack of clamp connections and rusty-colored spores. Roger Heim classified it in the genus "Nevrophyllum", before E. J. H. Corner returned it to "Gomphus" in 1966. The genus "Gomphus", along with several others in the Gomphaceae, was reorganized in the


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: 2010s after molecular analysis confirmed that the older morphology-based classification did not accurately represent phylogenetic relationships. Thus the genus "Turbinellus" was resurrected and the taxon became "Turbinellus floccosus". Giachini also concluded "G. bonarii" was the same species. "T. floccosus" has been given the common names of "scaly vase chanterelle", "scaly chanterelle", "woolly chanterelle", or "shaggy chanterelle", though it is more closely related to stinkhorns than true chanterelles. In Nepal, in the Sherpa language, it is known as "diyo chyau" or "khumbhe chyau", from the words "diyo", meaning "oil lamp" and "chyau", meaning "mushroom", as the fruit bodies have a shape


title: "Turbinellus floccosus" content: similar to the local oil lamps. In Mexico, it is known as "corneta" or "trompeta", or by the indigenous words "oyamelnanácatl" ("fir mushroom", from Nahuatl "oyametl" "fir", and "nanacatl" "mushroom"), "tlapitzal" (derived from "tlapitzalli", Nahuatl for "trumpet") or "tlapitzananácatl" in Tlaxcala. Adult fruit bodies are initially cylindrical, maturing to trumpet- or vase-shaped and reaching up to 30 cm (12 in) high and up to 30 cm (12 in) across. There is no clear demarcation between the cap and stipe. The stipe can be up to 15 cm (6 in) tall and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, though it tapers to