title: "Monster Jam World Finals" content: Monster Jam World Finals The Monster Jam World Finals is an annual monster truck event that is the championship event of the Monster Jam series, consisting of racing and freestyle competitions, with the winner of each considered the World Champion in that competition for the past year. It is the highest profile monster truck event and draws tremendous media attention. It is held in late March at Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada. Monster Jam World Finals XIX on March 23–24, 2018 was the last World Finals held at the stadium. Starting in 2019, the Monster Jam World Finals


title: "History of the camera" content: shutter. The very first shutters were separate accessories, though built-in shutters were common by the end of the 19th century. The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1888-1889. His first camera, which he called the "Kodak," was first offered for sale in 1888. It was a very simple box camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed, which along with its relatively low price appealed to the average consumer. The Kodak came pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and needed to be sent


title: "Andrew, Duke of Calabria" content: forestall Andrew's coronation. During a hunting trip at Aversa, Andrew left his room in the middle of the night and was set upon by the conspirators. A treacherous servant barred the door behind him, and, as Joanna cowered in their bed, a terrible struggle ensued, Andrew defending himself furiously and shrieking for aid. He was finally overpowered, strangled with a cord, and flung from a window. Isolde, Andrew's Hungarian nurse took the Prince's corpse to the church of the monks, and remained with it until next morning mourning it. When the Hungarian knights arrived she told them everything in their


title: "Scientology terminology" content: meaning and liable to be confused with it is apt to lead to unfortunate consequences. It is difficult not to slip back to the original meaning, and thus to perplex oneself and others with apparent paradoxes, and even to fall into obvious falsities." Scientology terminology Scientology terminology consists of a complex assortment of jargon used by Scientologists in conjunction with the practice of Scientology and in their everyday lives. It is difficult if not impossible to understand Scientology without understanding its terminology the way Hubbard defines it. L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of the Church of Scientology, created a large


title: "High-context and low-context cultures" content: give more information, or to be precise in their language. In contrast, a high-context language like Japanese can use a high number of homophones but still be understood by a listener who knows the context. The concept of elaborated and restricted codes is introduced by sociologist Basil Bernstein in his book "Class, Codes and Control". An elaborated code indicates that the speaker is expressing his/her idea by phrasing from an abundant selection of alternatives without assuming the listener shares lots of common knowledge, which allows the speaker to explain their idea explicitly. While restricted codes are phrased from more limited


title: "Mark Bradtke" content: and American imports Lanard Copeland and Dave Simmons, Bradtke's arrival helped transform the Tigers from a pretenders to a genuine championship team. The team would win their second NBL title in 1997 when they defeated cross-Melbourne rivals the South East Melbourne Magic 2-1 in the Grand Final, reversing the result from the 1996 series. While with the 36ers that Mark Bradtke established himself as one of the premier centres in the NBL and following the Tigers 1993 championship, the then twice Olympic representative was regarded as the best centre in the league. Bradtke's form with the Tigers continued over the


title: "Elaine Garzarelli" content: Buying and Selling Predictions" 1998, John Wiley & Sons Elaine Garzarelli Elaine M. Garzarelli (born ) is an American financial analyst. Garzarelli was born in Pennsylvania, United States, North America. Garzarelli received her undergraduate degree from the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1969. She went on to receive her doctorate from the same institution, now known as Drexel University, in 1977. While working as a stock analyst at Shearson Lehman, she became known for predicting Black Monday, the stock market crash of 1987. As indicated in the "Wall Street Journal" article on October 28, 1987, “Ms. Garzarelli, a research analyst


title: Perlethorpe content: large church (of Saint John the Evangelist) and a village shop. There was once a primary school in the village but that has since been closed down and the building used as an Environmental Education Centre to teach children from many schools about the countryside. Although the village has a much longer history, the oldest buildings which now remain date back only as far as the middle of the 19th century. The church of Saint John was built in 1876 and became the parish church in 1877. The half-timbered Almshouses near the church were built by Walter Owen Hickson c.


title: "Angry Penguins" content: likely to see". The Ern Malley hoax is the publication’s most famous event. James McAuley and Harold Stewart submitted a group of poems that fitted in with the typical submissions featured in the magazine, and attributed them to a recently deceased young poet named Ern Malley, who never actually existed. These poems were constructed as a pastiche of fragments pasted together nonsensically; McAuley and Stewart were critical of Modernism, and wanted to prove that it has no inherent value. The poems were received and published with great enthusiasm from the creators and patrons of the magazine. When it was revealed


title: "Operation Fishbowl" content: missile. Because of the large number of ships and aircraft in the area, there was no way to predict if the missile was on a safe trajectory, so the range safety officers ordered the missile with its warhead to be destroyed. No nuclear detonation occurred and no data were obtained, but subsequent investigation found that the Thor was actually following the proper flight trajectory. The second planned test of "Operation Fishbowl" was on June 19, 1962. The launch of a "Thor" missile with a nuclear warhead occurred just before midnight from Johnston Island. The "Thor" missile flew a normal trajectory


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: Appenzeller Sennenhund The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a medium-size breed of dog, one of the four regional breeds of Sennenhund-type dogs from the Swiss Alps. The name Sennenhund refers to people called "Senn", herders in the Appenzell region of Switzerland. The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a medium-sized mountain dog, 18.5-23 ins (47–58 cm) at the withers and weighing 49-71 lbs (22–32 kg). Like the other Sennenhunds, the Appenzeller Sennenhund has a heavy, molosser-like build and a distinctive tricolour coat. The breed's ears are small and triangular, set high and hanging down against the dog's cheeks, similar to a button ear. Faults in


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: the breed's appearance include wall eye, kinked tail, a single coat, and a coat that is not tricolour. The four breeds of Sennenhund, with the original breed name followed by the most popular English version of the breed name. The Appenzeller Sennenhund is descended from the general Sennenhund type which may have existed in antiquity, or descended from "cattle dogs left there by the Romans", but the first breed club for the breed was founded and the stud book for the breed started in 1906 by Albert Heim and others, who wrote the first breed standard in 1916. An early


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: reference to the breed's predecessors was made in an 1853 book, "Tierleben der Alpenwelt" (Animal Life in the Alps), referring to dogs in the Appenzell region. The Appenzeller Sennenhund was only recognised internationally as a separate breed in 1989. The Appenzeller Sennenhund was originally kept primarily as a cattle herding dog, and a flock guardian. It was also used as a draft dog, and general farm dog. The breed also was known for its affinity to both herd and guard with such devotion that they would give their life to protect their charge. Today the breed is primarily kept as


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: a companion, and excels in agility/flyball competitions, obedience competitions and Schutzhund. They are also still used in many places as working cattle dogs even now. They are highly intelligent, and learn quickly. As with all medium to large, very active working dogs, the Appenzeller Sennenhund should be well socialized early in life with other dogs and people and provided with regular activity and training if it is to be safely kept as a pet. If trained properly, they bond closely with their owners and like to seek for attention. As a result of careful regulated breeding, the Appenzeller breed as


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: a whole is an extremely healthy breed, though individual genetic lines vary. The breed is known to have an average lifespan of 13–17 years. According to the breed standard, the Appenzeller Sennenhund is lively, high spirited, athletic and suspicious of strangers. Due to his large size and high energy levels, the Appenzeller Sennenhund is not recommended as an apartment dog. The breed is recognised with the Swiss breed standard under the name Appenzeller Sennenhund, translated into English as Appenzell Cattle Dog, by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer—Molossoid breeds—Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds,


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: Section 3 Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs. The breed is also recognised in the United States by the United Kennel Club in their Guardian Dog Group under the name "Appenzeller", and is listed as a breed in the Foundation Stock Service by the American Kennel Club with the name "Appenzeller Sennenhunde". The breed is not currently recognised by The Kennel Club or the other major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world, although it is also registered by small clubs and internet-based breed registries, and is promoted in North America by the Appenzeller Mountain Dog Club of America as a rare


title: "Appenzeller Sennenhund" content: breed for puppy buyers seeking a unique pet. Appenzeller Sennenhund The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a medium-size breed of dog, one of the four regional breeds of Sennenhund-type dogs from the Swiss Alps. The name Sennenhund refers to people called "Senn", herders in the Appenzell region of Switzerland. The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a medium-sized mountain dog, 18.5-23 ins (47–58 cm) at the withers and weighing 49-71 lbs (22–32 kg). Like the other Sennenhunds, the Appenzeller Sennenhund has a heavy, molosser-like build and a distinctive tricolour coat. The breed's ears are small and triangular, set high and hanging down against the dog's


title: "Point groups in two dimensions" content: 1) of abstract group type Dih. For "n" = 1 the common notation is "C", of abstract group type Z. As topological subgroups of O(2), only the finite isometry groups and SO(2) and O(2) are closed. These groups fall into two distinct families, according to whether they consist of rotations only, or include reflections. The "cyclic groups", C (abstract group type Z), consist of rotations by 360°/"n", and all integer multiples. For example, a four-legged stool has symmetry group C, consisting of rotations by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The symmetry group of a square belongs to the family of


title: Rifleman content: the same county becoming additionally numbered battalions. As the majority of these new regiments were formed from regular line infantry and most of the volunteer rifle corps linked with them would lose their identity as rifle units. Examples included the Robin Hood Rifles, which was to become the 7th (Robin Hood) Battalion, Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment). The rifles identity was not always lost despite becoming part of a line infantry regiment. The 5th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps, became part of the 2nd Administrative Battalion Lancashire Rifle Volunteers, which became the 5th (Liverpool Rifle Brigade) Rifle Volunteer Corps, the


title: "Transportation in Oklahoma City" content: Page Municipal Airport is a city-owned public use airport located in Canadian County. Sundance Airpark is a privately owned public use airport located in Canadian County. Oklahoma City is experiencing a new renaissance in rail service. What began with only freight service in the early 1990s was transformed by the arrival of the Heartland Flyer. With its daily service to Fort Worth, the Heartland Flyer provides access to the nation's rail network and has given Oklahoma City yet another option for inter-state transportation. There were plans in the early 1990s to build a light rail system for the city as


title: "Pamela Isaacs" content: and the production was given an all-black cast. Stephen Holden said in his review in the New York Times that "Pamela Isaacs has only to raise an eyebrow to strike sparks. Her brassy comic charisma recalls Patti LuPone as Reno Sweeney in the Lincoln Center Theater production of "Anything Goes."" In 1993 Isaacs performed a one-woman show at Center Stage in Baltimore, appearing as Billie Holiday in "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill. J. Wynn Rousuck called Isaacs a "spellbinding performer" in the production and added "It's not that she attempts to impersonate [Billie Holiday]. That would probably be


title: "Great Basin collared lizard" content: Great Basin collared lizard The Great Basin collared lizard ("Crotaphytus bicinctores"), also known commonly as the desert collared lizard or the Mojave black-collared lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. The species is endemic to the Western United States. It is very similar to the common collared lizard, "Crotaphytus collaris", in shape and size, but it lacks the bright extravagant colors. Males can be brown to orange and some red or pink on the belly. Females are more black or dark brown. "C. bicintores" has elongated scales near the claws and the tail is more triangular in


title: "Great Basin collared lizard" content: shape than round as with "C. collaris". "C. bicinctores" has a broad head, large hind legs, and derives its specific name from the pair of black bands on the neck. Males have broader heads than females, with a dark-colored throat and more pronounced orange crossbands on the body. Adults range in size from in snout-to-vent length (SVL), with a thick tail that is often twice as long as the body. The Great Basin collared lizard is endemic to the Western United States, and is found in California, most of Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and the western regions of Utah


title: "Great Basin collared lizard" content: and Arizona. It is usually found in rocky regions of arid deserts, and is most common in desert scrub and desert wash habitats. It is widely distributed throughout the Mojave, Sonoran, and southeastern Great Basin deserts. "C. bicinctores" eats primarily arthropods, but will also use its powerful jaws to eat small vertebrates including lizards, snakes, and rodents. It has been known to occasionally consume plant matter. Great Basin collared lizard The Great Basin collared lizard ("Crotaphytus bicinctores"), also known commonly as the desert collared lizard or the Mojave black-collared lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Crotaphytidae. The


title: "International Mathematics Competition for University Students" content: Warsaw in Warsaw, Poland, the 10 IMC was hosted by Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, the 11 IMC was hosted by Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Skopje, Macedonia, the 12 IMC was hosted by American University in Bulgaria in Blagoevgrad, the 13 IMC was hosted by Odessa University in Odessa, Ukraine, the 14 IMC and 15 IMC were again hosted by the American University in Bulgaria in Blagoevgrad, and the 16 IMC was hosted by the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest. In 2009 the 16 IMC had 347 student participants and 65 teams. Since 2010 the IMC


title: "Malachi Throne" content: episode of the "New Voyages", entitled "In Harm's Way". He played the villain "False Face" in the ABC "Batman" (1966) series. The character, who used a variety of disguises to effect his nefarious schemes, wore a semitransparent mask when not in the middle of his crimes. The mask rendered Throne's real face unrecognizable on screen. Playing off this effect, but against Throne's wishes, the show's producers wrote the onscreen credit as "? as False Face", denying Throne his screen credit. However, at the end credits of "Holy Rat Race", Throne's full name was credited. Later, he appeared in animation as


title: "Hayley Smith (Home and Away)" content: reappears and Hayley is keen to reconnect with him but Will isn't so easily swayed and is still hostile towards him. Ken leaves but later returns permanently and falls for Irene. Hayley soon finds herself in a love triangle with Sam and the newly arrived Mitch McColl (Cameron Welsh). She eventually chooses Mitch. Their relationship lasts until Mitch reveals that he slept with Gypsy Nash (Kimberley Cooper). Soon after Nick rejoins the family and things appear to be going well until Ken is killed when a car he is working on, crushes him after a jack slips. Hayley slides into


title: "Abdul Halim Khaddam" content: January 2006. His accusations against Assad and his inner circle regarding the Hariri assassination also grew more explicit: Khaddam said he believed that Assad ordered Hariri's assassination. On 14 January 2006, Khaddam announced that he was forming a "government in exile", predicting the end of Assad's government by the end of 2006. Khaddam is the highest ranking Syrian official to have publicly cut his ties with the Syrian government, including Rifaat al-Assad. Khaddam formed the opposition group National Salvation Front in Syria (NSF) in 2006 which supports political transition in Syria. The NSF had its last meeting on 16 September


title: "Cannabis in Canada" content: the significant increases in the stock prices of several cannabis producers in early November 2017, few institutional investors were buying such shares because of the uncertainty as to which would succeed and which would fail. In November 2017, business columnist David Olive of the "Toronto Star" strongly recommended against investing in this industry. His rationale includes these aspects: there are too many producers for the small Canadian market ("close to 100 players"), retail prices will drop significantly, reducing margins, and the expense ratio is excessively high, so most companies will not be profitable. "Only the most risk-tolerant and speculative-minded investors


title: RPG-16 content: its single handgrip under the tube and its folding bipod, but its round is quite different from the RPG-7. The RPG-16 round is of smaller calibre but offers better performance, having what is believed to be a doubled shaped-charge warhead. It is a one-piece design, although a cartridge must be attached before use. The RPG-16 is reported to have a HE-Frag round. The RPG-16 was widely used during Soviet campaign in Afghanistan, mostly against hardened fire positions and buildings from stand-off ranges. When it was first introduced it was considered superior to the RPG-7, but the RPG-7's ability to accommodate


title: "Ben Willbond" content: radio credits include BBC Radio 4 series "Deep Trouble", " Double Science" (co-written with Justin Edwards), "Recorded for Training Purposes" and the first series of "Electric Ink". He also starred in the YouTube romantic comedy "Nigel and Victoria." His 2010 short film "Tooty's Wedding", which he co-wrote with Solon, won numerous international comedy awards and was screened as part of the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. Other notable film work includes the movie "Starter for 10" (UK 2006). In 2007 he had a short appearance in "St Trinian's", as a nervous school inspector. Willbond is a keen cricketer and plays for


title: "Grover Cleveland Park" content: fieldhouse, baseball field, summer concert activities, playground, fishing, jogging walkways, picnic grove, and ice skating. Grover Cleveland Park Grover Cleveland Park, the seventh-largest park in the Essex County, New Jersey, USA, county-park system, is a heavily wooded park covering in the western section of Essex County along the Caldwell-Essex Fells border. The park was conceived with a formal design with manicured lawns, well-spaced large trees, and of waterways, including Pine Brook Creek, which runs through the park feeding a small pond at the lower end. A small footbridge at the far end of the pond was the location of a


title: Thiamazole content: Thiamazole Thiamazole, also known as methimazole, is an antithyroid drug, and part of the thioamide group. Like its counterpart propylthiouracil, possible major side effects of treatment include agranulocytosis and liver inflammation. Thiamazole is a drug used to treat hyperthyroidism such as in Graves' disease, a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland begins to produce an excess of thyroid hormone. The drug may also be taken before thyroid surgery to lower thyroid hormone levels and minimize the effects of thyroid manipulation. Additionally, thiamazole is used in the veterinary setting to treat hyperthyroidism in cats. It is important to monitor any


title: "Peripheral vascular examination" content: Peripheral vascular examination A peripheral vascular examination is a medical examination to discover signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system. It is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with leg pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology. The exam includes several parts: Position – patient should be lying in the supine position and the bed or examination table should be flat. The patient's hands should remain at their sides with their head resting on a pillow. Lighting – adjusted so that it is ideal. Draping – the legs should be exposed, the groin and


title: "Brisbane Central Technical College" content: with the other buildings in the group in scale, detailing and materials. It is distinguished by dark red facebrick rusticated verandah columns which split to two thinner paired columns in the centre bay at first floor level. There also is contrasting dark red brick banding to sill levels, the flat arched double hung windows to the ground floor and segmental arched double hung windows with fanlights to the first floor. Symmetrical about a central service/circulation core, there are four workshops opening to both verandahs on each level. A timber and steel mezzanine structure is inserted in the first floor workshop


title: "Newcastle Town F.C." content: as a velodrome, with a cycling track around the pitch. The ground includes a seated stand on one side of the pitch and a covered standing terrace on the other. Both ends of the ground consist of uncovered standing areas. It currently has a capacity of 4,000, of which 300 is seated and 1,000 covered. The ground was also previously used by Stoke City Reserves. Newcastle Town F.C. Newcastle Town Football Club is a football club based in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at the Lyme Valley Stadium. The club was formed as a


title: "Bella Coola, British Columbia" content: Bella Coola, British Columbia Bella Coola is a community in the Bella Coola Valley, in British Columbia, Canada. "Bella Coola" usually refers to the entire valley, encompassing the settlements of Bella Coola proper ("the townsite") (population approximately 148), Lower Bella Coola, Hagensborg, Salloompt, Nusatsum, Firvale and Stuie. It is also the location of the head offices of the Central Coast Regional District. The entire Bella Coola Valley had a population of 2,010 as of the 2016 census. This was an increase of 5% from the 2011 census, when the population was 1,919. The primary geographical structure of the community, both


title: "Muhurat trading" content: of the many links the broking(trading) community retains with its rich past. The practice of Muhurat trading has been retained and observed for ages. The schedule of the muhurat trading is announced by the stock exchange and the Sensex closes on a higher note at the ending of the trading hour. With this, the traders on Dalal Street welcome the New Year on a positive note. Many start the New Year with traditional ceremonies and pujas. This tradition has been followed as a ritual for many years. Muhurat trading is traditionally an occasion for an auspicious beginning to the traditional


title: Lenbachhaus content: Lenbachhaus The Lenbachhaus () is a building housing an art museum in Munich's "Kunstareal". The Lenbachhaus was built as a Florentine-style villa for the painter Franz von Lenbach between 1887 and 1891 by Gabriel von Seidl and was expanded 1927-1929 by Hans Grässel and again 1969-1972 by Heinrich Volbehr and Rudolf Thönessen. Some of the rooms have kept their original design. The city of Munich acquired the building in 1924 and opened a museum there in 1929. The latest wing was closed to the public in 2009 to allow the expansion and restoration of the Lenbachhaus by Norman Foster; the


title: Lenbachhaus content: 1972 extension was demolished to make way for the new building. The museum reopened in May 2013. The architect placed the new main entrance on Museumsplatz in front of the Propylaea. The new facade, clad in metal tubes made of an alloy of copper and aluminum, will weather with time. The gallery contains a variety of works by Munich painters and contemporary artists, in styles such as The Blue Rider and New Objectivity. The gallery displays masterpieces by Munich artists such as Jan Polack, Christoph Schwarz, Georges Desmarees ("Countess Holstein" 1754), Wilhelm von Kobell, Georg von Dillis, Carl Rottmann ("Cosmic


title: Lenbachhaus content: stormlandscape" 1849), Carl Spitzweg ("Childhood Friends", ca. 1860), Eduard Schleich, Carl Theodor von Piloty, Franz von Stuck ("Salome" 1906), Franz von Lenbach ("Self Portrait with His Wife and Daughters" 1903), Friedrich August von Kaulbach, Wilhelm Leibl ("Veterinarian Reindl in the Arbor" ca. 1890), Wilhelm Trübner and Hans Thoma. Works by members of the Munich Secession are also on display. The group was founded in 1892, and includes artists such as the impressionist painters Lovis Corinth ("Self-portrait with skeleton" 1896), Max Slevogt ("Danae" 1895) and Fritz von Uhde. The Lenbachhaus is most famous for the large collection of paintings by Der


title: Lenbachhaus content: Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a group of expressionist artists established in Munich in 1911 which included, among others, the painters Wassily Kandinsky ("Impression III (Concert)" 1911), Gabriele Münter ("Still Life with St. George" 1911), Franz Marc ("Blue Horse I" 1911), August Macke ("Promenade" 1913), Marianne von Werefkin ("Self Portrait I" ca. 1910), Alexej Jawlensky ("Portrait of the Dancer Alexander Sacharoff" 1909), Alfred Kubin ("The Male Sphinx" ca. 1903), and Paul Klee ("Föhn Wind in Franz Marc's Garden" 1915). Münter donated 1,000 “Blue Rider” works to the museum on her 80th birthday. Artists of the New Objectivity like Christian Schad


title: Lenbachhaus content: ("Operation" 1929) and Rudolf Schlichter ("Bertold Brecht" ca. 1926) are exhibited in several rooms. The museum gives a very profound view of international contemporary art with works by Franz Ackermann, Dennis Adams, Christian Boltanski, Monica Bonvicini, James Coleman, Thomas Demand, Olafur Eliasson, Valie Export, Dan Flavin, Günther Förg, Günter Fruhtrunk, Rupprecht Geiger, Isa Genzken, Liam Gillick, Katharina Grosse, Michael Heizer, Andy Hope 1930 (Andreas Hofer), Jenny Holzer, Stefan Huber, Asger Jorn, Ellsworth Kelly, Anselm Kiefer, Michaela Melian, Gerhard Merz, Maurizio Nannucci, Roman Opałka, Sigmar Polke, Arnulf Rainer, Gerhard Richter, Michael Sailstorfer, Richard Serra, Katharina Sieverding, Andy Warhol, Lawrence Weiner, and


title: Lenbachhaus content: Martin Wöhrl, as well as artists of the Viennese Actionism. The Lenbachhaus strengthened its investment especially in the oeuvre of Joseph Beuys considerably by acquiring numerous works of art, such as "Zeige deine Wunde" ("Show your wound") 1974/75. Young artists are promoted in exhibitions in the affiliated Kunstbau above the Subway Station Königsplatz. Stephanie Weber curated a solo show of Mark Boulos and film series of Charles Simonds and Christoph Schlingensief, all the while commissioning performances by Tom Thayer and C. Spencer Yeh and adding to the collection works by Vito Acconci, VALIE EXPORT and Martha Rosler. Since starting at


title: Lenbachhaus content: Munich's Lenbachhaus in September, she's been hard at work on a retrospective of Polish-born feminist artist Lea Lublin that opens this summer. On July 26th, 2017 a Paul Klee painting titled "Swamp Legend" (1919), seized by Nazis as "degenerate" art in the 1930s, has reached a settlement. The city of Munich, where the work is on view at The Lenbachhaus museum, will keep the painting, but the heirs of the original owner will be reimbursed for the value of the masterpiece, estimated between 2-4 million ($2.33-4.65 million). (Artnetnews, Sarah Cascone) Lenbachhaus The Lenbachhaus () is a building housing an art


title: "Wilpena Pound" content: such word in their language. Their name for the Pound is Ikara which means "meeting place". It's not clear who named St Mary Peak: a somewhat discredited turn-of-the-century account has the surveyor B.H. Babbage naming it in 1856, but others says that the pastoralist George Marchant suggested the name while in the area in 1851, and the latter explanation is more likely. Point Bonney was named after the Crown Commissioner of Lands Charles Bonney, while Rawnsley's Bluff is named after the surveyor H.C. Rawnsley. The peak directly to the south of Wilpena Gap was known informally through much of the


title: "Hoodlum Priest (musician)" content: a fear that this song would cause uproar. This song and the single "Caucasian" were banned, although some white labels of the records do exist. Hoodlum Priest (musician) Named after a 1960s movie, Hoodlum Priest is a name used by producer/multi instrumentalist and composer Derek Thompson, born of an Irish background but born and raised in London, the name later became his self-chosen moniker for his work as a producer and engineer, using hip-hop, industrial, and techno influences as the source of material for his sounds. Often known for being an eccentric in interviews, he claimed to have been kicked


title: "Curtiss F11C Goshawk" content: Air Ministry, informed Göring that he was approached by Udet to seek approval for the purchase of two Goshawks for dive bombing trials. Göring authorized the funds via the German Embassy in Washington DC. In October 1933 the pair of Goshawks arrived in Bremerhaven aboard the liner "SS Europa". Udet used one of these Goshawks (designated D-IRIK) in aerobatic exhibitions held during the 1936 Summer Olympics, the aircraft survived the war, was eventually found in a field outside Kraków, and its relatively intact fuselage is now on display in the Polish Aviation Museum. A BFC-2 is in the National Museum


title: "Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquess of Santa Cruz" content: was in commands of the galleys of Spain. It has been speculated that this unusual appointment was intended to show Charles V's confidence but the commander of the galleys did not share that confidence and he suggested to no effect that Gibraltar's Line Wall Curtain be extended to the southern tip of the rock. He was a member of the Military Order of Santiago (St. James). In 1564, he aided in the capture of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and commanded the division of galleys employed to blockade Tetuan, and to suppress the piracy carried on from that port.


title: "Michael Patrick Carroll" content: Governor Whitman's proposal to raise the gasoline tax and they have, ever since, taken credit for killing that initiative. Along with Rick Merkt and others, Carroll was an early proponent of ending defined benefit pension plans and warned against the looming crisis of unfunded liabilities in the 1990s. Carroll was also among the earliest opponents of HOV lanes along Interstate 287 and Interstate 80 (created as a result of an initiative by Senator Frank Lautenberg). When they were finally abolished, local media proclaimed him one of the "heroes" in the fight against those lanes. While serving with the Republican majority,


title: "Garlic bread" content: Garlic bread Garlic bread (also called garlic toast) consists of bread (usually a baguette or sour dough like a ciabatta), topped with garlic and olive oil or butter and may include additional herbs, such as oregano chives. It is then either grilled or broiled until toasted or baked in a conventional or bread oven. It is typically made using a French baguette, or sometimes a sourdough like ciabatta which is partially sliced downwards, allowing the condiments to soak into the loaf while keeping it in one piece. The bread is then stuffed through the cuts with oil and minced garlic


title: "Garlic bread" content: before baking. Alternatively, butter and garlic powder are used, or the bread is cut lengthwise into separate slices which are individually garnished. Some variants are topped with a variety of cheeses, often mozzarella, cheddar or feta. Some restaurants use clarified butter in place of olive oil. Commercially manufactured frozen garlic bread was developed in the 1970s by Cole's Quality Foods in Muskegon, Michigan. In the United States and Canada, garlic bread is often paired with pasta dishes, particularly lasagna and spaghetti. In Brazil the bread is commonly served in churrascarias as an entrée. In Peru it is very common to


title: "Garlic bread" content: find in pizzerias. In Australia the bread is widely available at pizzerias and supermarkets. Garlic bread is widely popular across Europe, and is available in many different food shops and restaurants. In the United Kingdom, as in the United States and Canada, it usually accompanies pasta dishes, though it is commonly served in restaurants as an appetiser or side order with any main course. British comedian Peter Kay famously mentioned the bread in his stand-up routine, quoting his father's disbelief upon hearing of it (""Garlic bread? Garlic bread?""). He subsequently referenced this in his sitcom Phoenix Nights, when nightclub owner


title: "Garlic bread" content: Brian Potter (played by Kay) says, ""Garlic bread – it’s the future, I’ve tasted it"". In a 2004 poll by Gold (then UKTV Gold) to find the best British television comedy one-liner, this came top. In the 2010 film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, Scott mentions this as his favorite food. Garlic bread Garlic bread (also called garlic toast) consists of bread (usually a baguette or sour dough like a ciabatta), topped with garlic and olive oil or butter and may include additional herbs, such as oregano chives. It is then either grilled or broiled until toasted or baked in


title: "Temple of Saturn" content: Temple of Saturn The Temple of Saturn (Latin: "Templum Saturni" or "Aedes Saturni"; ) was an ancient Roman temple to the god Saturn. Its ruins stand at the foot of the Capitoline Hill at the western end of the Roman Forum. The original dedication of the temple is traditionally dated to 497 BC, but ancient writers disagreed greatly about the history of this site. Collapse has left little standing but the remains of the front porch. The partially preserved pediment displays the inscription: meaning "The Senate and People of Rome restored [the temple] consumed by fire." The pediment and eight


title: "Temple of Saturn" content: surviving columns represent one of the iconic images of Rome's ancient architectural heritage. Construction of the temple is thought to have begun in the later years of the Roman Kingdom under Tarquinius Superbus. Its inauguration by the consul Titus Lartius took place in the early years of the Republic. The temple was completely reconstructed by Munatius Plancus in 42 BC. The present ruins represent the third incarnation of the Temple of Saturn, replacing the version destroyed by the fire of Carinus in 283 AD. The extant inscription on the frieze commemorates this restoration undertaken after the fire. If still in


title: "Temple of Saturn" content: use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. In Roman mythology, Saturn ruled during the Golden Age, and he continued to be associated with wealth. His temple housed the treasury ("aerarium"), where the Roman Republic's reserves of gold and silver were stored. The state archives and the insignia and official scale for the weighing of metals were also housed there. Later, the "aerarium" was moved to another building, and the archives transferred to the nearby "Tabularium". The temple's podium, in concrete covered with travertine, was used for posting


title: "Temple of Saturn" content: bills. According to ancient sources, the statue of the god in the interior was veiled and equipped with a scythe. The image was made of wood and filled with oil. The legs were covered with bands of wool which were removed only on December 17, the day of the Saturnalia. Temple of Saturn The Temple of Saturn (Latin: "Templum Saturni" or "Aedes Saturni"; ) was an ancient Roman temple to the god Saturn. Its ruins stand at the foot of the Capitoline Hill at the western end of the Roman Forum. The original dedication of the temple is traditionally dated


title: "Michel Crozier" content: forth an approach to the study of organizations and other less formalized systems of action, detailing the theoretical and methodological assumptions that lie behind it. The way in which organizations and systems function is conceptualized by them as originating from game structures that channel and stabilize power and bargaining relations between a set of strategically interdependent actors. Professor Crozier never considered sociology and sociological theorizing as an end in itself. He never separated his sociological work from his commitment to administrative and social reform, in the service of which he published seven books and engaged in numerous consultancies and interventions.


title: "Oregon Route 218" content: Street (OR 19). Oregon Route 218 Oregon Route 218 (OR 218) is an Oregon state highway that runs between the small towns of Shaniko and Fossil in north-central Oregon and is known as the Shaniko-Fossil Highway No. 291 (see Oregon highways and routes). OR 218 is a part of the Journey Through Time Scenic Byway, an Oregon state byway. OR 218 is a fairly short rural highway. Its western terminus is in Wasco County, in the ghost town of Shaniko at U.S. Route 97. The road is very windy and hilly over its entire length and is a popular destination


title: "History of Sudan (1986–present)" content: devise a scheme to attract remittances from Sudanese expatriates. To retain the support of the DUP and the southern political parties, Sadiq formed another ineffective coalition government. Instead of removing the ministers who had been associated with the failures of the first coalition government, Sadiq al Mahdi retained thirteen of them, of whom eleven kept their previous portfolios. As a result, many Sudanese rejected the second coalition government as being a replica of the first. To make matters worse, Sadiq and DUP leader Muhammad Uthman al Mirghani signed an inadequate memorandum of understanding that fixed the new government's priorities as


title: "Paolo Emilio Taviani" content: after more than sixty years of marriage they had eight children and twenty grandchildren. Taviani appeared for the last time on the Italian political stage on May 30, 2001, when he presided as senior member of the Senate’s inaugural session. A few days later he suffered a stroke and died in Rome in the early morning of June 18. His memoirs came out a few weeks later: "Politica a memoria d’uomo". He is buried in Bávari. <BR> Paolo Emilio Taviani Paolo Emilio Taviani (6 November 1912 – 18 June 2001) was an Italian political leader, economist and historian of the


title: "Venkatapathy Raju" content: Venkatapathy Raju Sagi Lakshmi Venkatapathy Raju (born 9 July 1969) is a former Indian cricketer. He came into the Indian side in 1989–90 after capturing 32 wickets in the domestic season. He made his Test and One Day International début in the tour of New Zealand. When sent in as a night-watchman in his first Test innings, he batted for more than two hours for 31 runs while six wickets fell at the other end. He was part of the Indian team in England in 1990, but the knuckle of his left hand was broken by Courtney Walsh in the


title: "San Giovanni in Persiceto" content: held, in 1876 the "Società ginnastica Persicetana" (Gymnastical Society of Persiceto); in 1877 the Cassa di Risparmio was opened to the public and ten years later the railway track between Bologna and the Persiceto of the railroad Bologna/Verona was opened. The past 100 years of Persiceto have seen pitched fights for land; the working classes shifted then from rebellion into organization: after the Comune of Paris (1871) in 1872 a new section of the Fascio operaio organized by the former Garibaldi's soldier Teobaldo Buggini was established, a close friend of Andrea Costa; in 1873 the first strike by local factory


title: "Sexual ethics" content: may constitute sexual harassment, because subordinates may be unable to give proper consent to a sexual advance because of a fear of repercussions. Child-parent incest is also seen as an abuse of a position of trust and power, in addition to the inability of a child to give consent. Incest between adults may not involve this lack of consent, and is, therefore, less clear-cut for most observers. Many professional organizations have rules forbidding sexual relations between members and their clients. Examples in many countries include psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists, doctors, and lawyers. In addition, laws exist against this kind of abuse


title: "Sexual ethics" content: circumstances, where there are health impacts resulting from certain sexual activities, there is the question of whether individuals have an ethical responsibility to the public at large for their behavior. Such concerns might involve the regular periodic testing for sexually transmitted diseases, disclosure of infection with sexually transmitted diseases, responsibility for taking safer sex precautions, ethics of sex without using contraception, leading to an increased level of unplanned pregnancies and unwanted children, and just what amount of personal care an individual needs to take in order to meet his or her requisite contribution to the general health of a nation's


title: Embee content: Embee Embee is a Swedish hip hop DJ and producer. He was born Magnus Bergkvist on February 24, 1977 in Badelunda, Västmanland, Sweden. He is best known for his work with Swedish hip-hop group Looptroop Rockers. His first solo album "Tellings from Solitaria" won a for best hip hop or soul release of 2005. Collaborations include Capleton, Dilated Peoples, Saïan Supa Crew, José González, Seinabo Sey, Sabina Ddumba, Jojje Wadenius to name a few. He was born and spent his childhood in Västerås Sweden. At the age of 19, he moved to Gothenburg. He formed Looptroop in the early 1990s


title: "Air Inter" content: 800 ft./minute) took the aircraft below its minimum safe altitude. This resulted in the aircraft's striking trees and a 2,710 ft high ridge in the cloud-covered mountains. The following was a notable, non-fatal incident: On 28 December 1971, Vickers Viscount (registration: F-BOEA) was damaged beyond economic repair at Clermont-Ferrand Aulnat Airport when it departed the runway on a training flight during a simulated failure of number 4 engine. Air Inter Air Inter (Lignes Aériennes Intérieures) was a semi-public French domestic airline. Before its merger with Air France, the airline was headquartered in Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne. Earlier in its life, it was


title: "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase" content: is quite different from the NADP catalytic coenzyme binding site, and contains the nucleotide-binding fingerprint. The structural site bound to NADP possesses favorable interactions that keep it tightly bound. In particular, there is a strong network of hydrogen bonding with electrostatic charges being diffused across multiple atoms through hydrogen bonding with 4 water molecules (see figure). Moreover, there is an extremely strong set of hydrophobic stacking interactions that result in overlapping π systems. The structural site has been shown to be important for maintaining the long term stability of the enzyme. More than 40 severe class I mutations involve mutations


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: Tagetes erecta Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold or Aztec marigold, is a species of the genus "Tagetes" native to Mexico. Despite its being native to the Americas, it is often called African marigold. In Mexico, this plant is found in the wild in the states of México, Puebla, and Veracruz. This plant reaches heights of between . The Aztecs gathered the wild plant as well as cultivating it for medicinal, ceremonial and decorative purposes. It is widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants, and for the cut-flower trade. Some authorities regard "Tagetes patula" (the French marigold)


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: as a synonym of "Tagetes erecta". It is a herbaceous annual or perennial whose height ranges from 30–110 cm. The root is cylindrical, pivoting, with a fibrous and shallow branching system. The stem is striated, sometimes ridge, smooth or slightly with villi, cylindrical, oval and herbaceous to slightly woody, with resin channels in the bark, which are aromatic when squeezed. Opposite leaves at the bottom alternate at the top, up to 20 cm long, pinnate, composed of 11 to 17 leaflets, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, up to 5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, acute to acuminate, serrated to sub-holders, the


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: lower ones of each leaf frequently setiform (in the form of threads), the superiors are sometimes completely setiform; with abundant round glands. The main characteristic of the flowers is that they are grouped in small heads or in solitary inflorescences, on peduncles up to 15 cm long, they are liguladas of yellow colors to red. In the flowers of the disc: 150 to 250 in the simple heads, in the doubles it shows different degrees of transformation in ligules, yellow to orange corollas, of 8 to 10 mm in length. The fruits and seeds are: linear achenes 7 to 10


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: mm long, smooth or slightly covered with stiff hairs at the corners. 1 2 3 has a long flowering period extending throughout the summer and fall. It reproduces easily by seeds. Although native to Mexico, they are also found in the countries of Central America and the Caribbean: Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. In their wild form they are found in the Balsas basin and western Mexico and live in diverse types of ecosystems, such as tropical deciduous forests, thorny forests, cloud forests and pine-oak forests.


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: In the wild, it is found as a getaway in heavily disturbed places at altitudes of 800–2300 m. As an introduced species (cultivated) it can be found in China, India, Zambia, South Africa and Australia. The archaeological record of the use of Tagetes erecta among pre-Hispanic civilizations is not as abundant as in the case of other species of the same family. It has been proposed the identification of Tagetes erecta of some flowers represented in Aztec art, such as those seen in the monolith of "Coyolxauhqui", as part of the headdress of the goddess, proposed as a symbol of


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: their sovereignty or death; also form part of the collar wears a god plant in a vase found in the Templo but also could be Tagetes patula. With the arrival of the Spaniards in Mexico, the documentary record of the ceremonial and medicinal use of the Tagetes erecta increased in which the flower is described by Bernardino de Sahagún as: These flowers are called "Cempoalxóchitl"; they are yellow and of good smell, and wide and beautiful, that they are born, and others that sow them in the orchards; They are in two ways, some they call females "Cempoalxóchitl" and they


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: are big and beautiful, and others that are called "Cempoalxóchitl" males are not so beautiful or so big. Sahagún also describes, in the same work, that the plant had a role in the rituals of the religious festival Mexica of the month "Teculhuitontli", where the goddess of salt "Huixtocíhuatl", whose color was yellow, was celebrated and who offered herself as sacrifice a woman. In the work of the physician Francisco Hernández, it is described that the name "cempoalxóchitl" received at least seven types of flowers, noting that the term properly described the largest of them and that the Spaniards called


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: it carnation of Indian, also lists its medical properties. It is widely cultivated and there are many cultivars used in gardening as an ornamental plant. The cultivar ‘Inca Orange’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. In Mexico it is used in the festivities of the Day of the Dead, to decorate altars and tombs ; hence the name "flower of the dead". However, since antiquity it is also used for food and medicinal purposes. Its flower, the cempasúchil is also called the ' ("flower of the dead") in Mexico and is used in the celebration every


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: 2 November. The word ' (also spelled ') comes from the Nahuatl term for the flower ', literally translated as "twenty flower". In Thai language it is called ดาวเรือง [DaoRuang], literally translated as "star glittering". Water infused with the fragrant essential oil of the flower was used to wash corpses in Honduras, and the flower is still commonly planted in cemeteries. Since prehispanic times, this plant has been used for medicinal purposes. The Cherokee used it as a skin wash and for yellow dye. The pigments of the erect tagetes are due to the presence of carotenoids, of which the


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: main one is lutein, which is associated with the prevention of the development of age-related eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration, so it should be included in the diet foods containing this natural dye instead of artificial colors. The most intense orange tones of the flowers are related to a higher content of carotenoids. Some studies indicate the effectiveness of the latter in the prevention of coronary artery disease, heart attacks, immune response, old age and cancer. In some regions of Mexico it is used in digestive ailments, such as stomach pain, as well as diarrhea, colic, liver


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: problems, bile, vomiting, and indigestion. The plant also produces intestinal washes, and is used against intestinal parasites and as a carminative. Other uses include respiratory diseases such as colds, flu, bronchitis and nasal congestion as well as gynecological problems. Antioxidant activity has been discovered in the essential oil of this plant although less than that of α-Tocopherol, possibly attributable to the presence of camphor and methyl eugenol It is most effective against the nematode species "Pratylenchus penetrans". The ray florets have been used in lettuce salads and other foods to add colour and flavour. The flowers are rich in carotenoids,


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: and are thus used to make food and feed pigments. The dried flower petals, ground to a powder, are used in poultry feed to ensure a good colouration of egg yolks and broiler skin, especially in the absence of well-pigmented yellow maize in the feed. This is still a use today, but now usually in the form of an extract which may have advantages of lower transport and storage cost, better stability and better utilization. It is also used to enhance colouring in crustaceans, such as the Pacific white shrimp ("Litopenaeus vannamei"). The essential oil of the flower contains antioxidants.


title: "Tagetes erecta" content: It may be added to perfumes to infuse an apple scent into them. Tagetes erecta Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold or Aztec marigold, is a species of the genus "Tagetes" native to Mexico. Despite its being native to the Americas, it is often called African marigold. In Mexico, this plant is found in the wild in the states of México, Puebla, and Veracruz. This plant reaches heights of between . The Aztecs gathered the wild plant as well as cultivating it for medicinal, ceremonial and decorative purposes. It is widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants,


title: "Silene latifolia" content: Silene latifolia Silene latifolia (formerly "Melandrium album"), the white campion is a dioecious flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is a herbaceous annual, occasionally biennial or a short-lived perennial plant, growing to between 40–80 centimetres tall. It is also known in the US as bladder campion but should not be confused with "Silene vulgaris", which is more generally called bladder campion. The appearance depends on the age of the plant; when young they form a basal rosette of oval to lanceolate leaves 4–10 cm long, and when they get


title: "Silene latifolia" content: older, forked stems grow from these, with leaves in opposite pairs. The flowers grow in clusters at the tops of the stems, 2.5–3 cm diameter, with a distinctive inflated calyx and five white petals, each petal deeply notched; flowering lasts from late spring to early autumn. The entire plant is densely hairy. Occasional plants with pink flowers are usually hybrids with red campion ("Silene dioica"). White campion grows in most open habitats, particularly wasteland and fields, most commonly on neutral to alkaline soils. Despite the wide array of conditions in which campion can thrive, it prefers sunny areas that have


title: "Silene latifolia" content: rich and well-drained soil. An example ecoregion of occurrence is in the Sarmatic mixed forests. It is also named the Grave Flower or Flower of the Dead in parts of England as they are seen often growing on gravesites and around tombstones. It is naturalised in North America, being found in most of the United States, the greatest concentrations of the plant can be found in the north-central and northeastern sections of the country. "S. latifolia" is thought to have arrived in North America as a component of ship ballast. In "S. latifolia", outbred male offspring were found to sire


title: "Silene latifolia" content: significantly more progeny than inbred male offspring. This study indicated the occurrence of inbreeding depression in male plants under natural conditions. In female plants, inbreeding depression significantly affects vegetative growth, age at first flowering and total fitness. Post-pollination selection occurs in "S. latifolia". After multiple-donor pollination, it was found that pollen or embryo selection likely reduces the occurrence of inbred progeny. The Ojibwa use an infusion of the "alba" subspecies as a physic. "S. latifolia" is afflicted by the fungal pathogen "Microbotryum violaceum", which acts as a sterilizing sexually transmitted infection in this species. Silene latifolia Silene latifolia (formerly "Melandrium


title: "Nikolai Gastello" content: by journalists and official historians ever since. The regiment's official logs, locked away in Soviet archives, indeed record Gastello's flight as only including two aircraft, his and Lt. Vorobiev's. Few reasons exist to doubt Lt. Vorobiev's actual report: he could gain nothing from it personally, and indeed perished in battle just a few days later. The official log, however, does list a single unidentified crew member as bailing out from Gastello's plane. Supporters of the official version of events also doubt the accuracy of the 1951 reburial story, as an aircraft that dives into the ground and explodes in a


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: Darwin's rhea The Darwin's rhea ("Rhea pennata"), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant species of rheas. It is found in the Altiplano and Patagonia in South America. The lesser rhea stands at tall. Length is and weight is . Like most ratites, it has a small head and a small bill, the latter measuring , but has long legs and a long neck. It has relatively larger wings than other ratites, enabling it to run particularly well. It can reach speeds of 60 km/h (37 mph), enabling it


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: to outrun predators. The sharp claws on the toes are effective weapons. Their feathers are similar to those of ostriches, in that they have no aftershaft. Their plumage is spotted brown and white, and the upper part of their tarsus is feathered. The tarsus is long and has 18 horizontal plates on the front. It's known as "ñandú petiso", or "ñandú del norte" in Argentina where the majority live. Other names are "suri" and "choique". The name 'ñandú' comes from the greater rhea's name in Guaraní, "ñandú guazu", meaning big spider, possibly in relation to their habit of opening and


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: lowering alternative wings when they run. In English, Darwin's rhea gets its scientific name from Rhea, a Greek goddess, and "pennata" means winged. The specific name was bestowed in 1834 by Darwin's contemporary and rival Alcide d'Orbigny who first described the bird to Europeans, from a specimen from the lower Río Negro south of Buenos Aires, Argentina. As late as 2008, it was classified in the monotypic genus "Pterocnemia". This word is formed from two Greek words "pteron", meaning feathers, and "knēmē", meaning the leg between the knee and the ankle, hence feather-legged, alluding to their feathers that cover the


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: top part of the leg. In 2008, the SACC subsumed "Pterocnemia" into the genus "Rhea". Three subspecies have traditionally been recognized: The IUCN considers the former two northern taxa "R. p. tarapacensis" and "R. p. garleppi" as a separate species, the puna rhea ("R. tarapacensis"). Both "garleppi" and "tarapacensis" were described by Charles Chubb in 1913. It is possible "garleppi" should be considered a junior synonym of "tarapacensis". The lesser rhea is mainly a herbivore, with the odd small animal (lizards, beetles, grasshoppers) eaten on occasion. It predominately eats saltbush and fruits from cacti, as well as grasses. They tend


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: to be quiet birds, except as chicks when they whistle mournfully, and as males looking for a female, when they emit a booming call. The males of this species become aggressive once they are incubating eggs. The females thus lay the later eggs near the nest, rather than in it. Most of the eggs are moved into the nest by the male, but some remain outside, where they rot and attract flies. The male, and later the chicks, eat these flies. The incubation period is 30–44 days, and the clutch size is from 5–55 eggs. The eggs are and are


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: greenish yellow. Chicks mature by three years of age. Outside the breeding season, Darwin's rhea is quite sociable: it lives in groups of from 5 to 30 birds, of both sexes and a variety of ages. Darwin's rhea lives in areas of open scrub in the grasslands of Patagonia and on the Andean plateau (the Altiplano), through the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. All subspecies prefer grasslands, brushlands and marshland. However, the nominate subspecies prefers elevations less than , where the other subspecies typically range from , but locally down to in the south. During the second voyage


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: of HMS "Beagle", the young naturalist Charles Darwin made many trips on land, and around August 1833 heard from gauchos in the Río Negro area of Northern Patagonia about the existence of a smaller rhea, "a very rare bird which they called the Avestruz Petise". He continued searching fruitlessly for this bird, and the "Beagle" sailed south, putting in at Port Desire in southern Patagonia on 23 December. On the following day, Darwin shot a guanaco which provided them with a Christmas meal, and in the first days of January, the artist Conrad Martens shot a rhea which they enjoyed


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: eating before Darwin realised that this was the elusive smaller rhea rather than a juvenile, and preserved the head, neck, legs, one wing, and many of the larger feathers. As with his other collections, these were sent to John Stevens Henslow in Cambridge. On 26 January, they entered the Straits of Magellan and at St. Gregory's Bay Darwin met Patagonians he described as "excellent practical naturalists". A half Indian, who had been born in the Northern Provinces, told him that the smaller rheas were the only species this far south, while the larger rheas kept to the north. On an


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: expedition up the Santa Cruz River, they saw several of the smaller rheas, which were too wary to be approached closely or caught. In 1837, Darwin's rhea was described as "Rhea darwinii" (later synomized with "R. pennata") by the ornithologist John Gould in a presentation to the Zoological Society of London in which he was followed by Darwin reading a paper on the eggs and distribution of the two species of rheas. When Gould classified Darwin's rhea and the greater rhea as separate species, he confirmed a serious problem for Darwin. These birds mainly live in different parts of Patagonia,


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: but there is also an overlapping zone where the two species coexist. As every living being had been created in a fixed form, as accepted by the science of his time, they could only change their appearance by a perfect adaptation to their way of life, but would still be the same species. But now he had to deal with two different species. This started to form his idea that species were not fixed at all, but that another mechanism might be at work. Darwin's rhea is categorized as least concern by the IUCN. The former southern nominate subspecies remains


title: "Darwin's rhea" content: relatively widespread and locally fairly common. Its range is estimated at . The situation for the two former northern subspecies is more worrying, with their combined population estimated as being possibly as low as in the hundreds. However, they are classified as "Rhea tarapacensis" by the IUCN, which regards it as being near threatened, with the primary threats being hunting, egg-collecting, and fragmentation of its habitat due to conversion to farmland or pastures for cattle-grazing. Darwin's rhea The Darwin's rhea ("Rhea pennata"), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant


title: "Clive Dytor" content: an undergraduate at Trinity College Cambridge included playing rugby in the College 1st XV, and ensuring a plentiful display of daffodils on St David's Day Dytor was born in Cardiff. He served with distinction in the Falklands War, being decorated with the Military Cross for gallantry in action during the Battle of Two Sisters. On the night of 11/12 June 1982, 45 Commando Royal Marines launched a silent night attack against strongly held enemy positions on the craggy hill feature of Two Sisters, ten kilometres to the west of Port Stanley on the island of East Falkland. Initially they progressed


title: "Elliptic surface" content: turned into fibers of multiplicity 1, and this can be used to eliminate all multiple fibers. Logarithmic transformations can be quite violent: they can change the Kodaira dimension, and can turn algebraic surfaces into non-algebraic surfaces. Example: Let "L" be the lattice Z+iZ of C, and let "E" be the elliptic curve C/"L". Then the projection map from "E"×C to C is an elliptic fibration. We will show how to replace the fiber over 0 with a fiber of multiplicity 2. There is an automorphism of "E"×C of order 2 that maps ("c","s") to ("c"+1/2, "−s"). We let "X" be


title: "Fox Sports Ohio" content: formerly broadcast Cleveland Indians games from the network's launch as SportsChannel Ohio, until Fox Sports Ohio lost the rights as a result of the team starting (eventual sister channel) SportsTime Ohio in March 2006. Despite this move, Reds games continue to be blacked out in most of Northeast Ohio, the designated market area of the Indians. When Reds games air in the rest of Ohio, the Cleveland feed airs generic national Fox Sports Networks programming unless a local Cleveland event is scheduled. Although Fox Sports Ohio and STO came under common ownership following Fox's purchase of the latter in 2012,


title: "Budd SPV-2000" content: SPV-2000s are all out of service; one is preserved at the Connecticut Eastern Railroad Museum in Willimantic, Connecticut. Budd SPV-2000 The Budd SPV-2000 is a self-propelled diesel multiple unit railcar built by the Budd Company between 1978 and 1981 for use on North American commuter railroads. The design was a successor to Budd's popular Rail Diesel Car (RDC) but based on the body of the Amfleet passenger car. It did not prove a success: Budd built 31 cars and they proved mechanically unreliable. Budd announced the design in 1976. At the time it contemplated multiple unit operation of up to


title: "Coopers' Company and Coborn School" content: of these students are accepted. The school specialises in humanities and sports (geography, history, RE and PE). It has many sporting and academic successes, including national championships in hockey and winning Havering Young Chef of the year. The "Nicholas Gibson Free School" was founded in 1536 by a prominent citizen of the City of London who earned his living as a grocer. On his death in 1549 Gibson's wife, Avice, took over the running of the school, which could take up to sixty boys. In 1552 she asked the Coopers' Company to undertake the management of the school for her,


title: Astilbe content: Astilbe Astilbe is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea. These hardy herbaceous perennials are cultivated by gardeners for their large, handsome, often fern-like foliage and dense, feathery plumes of flowers. They are widely adapted to shade and water-logged conditions, hence they are particularly associated with pond-side planting. They also tolerate clay soils well. Numerous hybrid cultivars have been raised. Flowers of at least some "Astilbe" species have a


title: Astilbe content: strong and pleasant aroma. Some species, including "Astilbe rivularis", are used in traditional medicine. Species of "Astilbe" include: Commonly accepted cultivar groups are: The following varieties and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: Astilbe Astilbe is a genus of 18 species of rhizomatous flowering plants within the family Saxifragaceae, native to mountain ravines and woodlands in Asia and North America. Some species are known by the common names false goat's beard and false spirea. These hardy herbaceous perennials are cultivated by gardeners for their large, handsome, often fern-like foliage and dense, feathery plumes of flowers.


title: "Celestial Eye" content: type. The caudal may be half as long, to as long as, the body. They are most commonly seen with metallic scales colored shades of orange (called 'red' by fanciers), white, or red and white. Celestials with nacreous scales are known but rarely seen. Despite their limited vision and their lack of a dorsal fin, they are active and agile swimmers. They do require some special attention since, in addition to having easily damaged upward-oriented eyes (and, as a result, having limited vision), they are sensitive to cold water temperatures. They are unable to compete with more vigorous goldfish for


title: "R A Lister and Company" content: models many years ago, many of these engine are still in use today all over the world. Lister also built light trucks fitted with their engines, for use around factories. From 1926 to 1968 they built light narrow gauge railway locomotives, weighing as little as 1½ tons, typically used by small brickworks and on peat bogs. The locos were often characterised by a total lack of bodywork; sometimes they had the luxury of an all over roof supported by four corner posts. R A Lister and Company R A Lister & Company was founded in Dursley, Gloucestershire, England, in 1867


title: "2006 Asian Games" content: 2006 Asian Games The 2006 Asian Games (, "Dawrat al-ʼAl‘ab al-Asīawīah 2006"), officially known as the XV Asiad, was an Asian multi-sport event held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 to 15, 2006 with 424 events in 39 sports and disciplines featured in the games. Doha was the first city in its region and only the second in West Asia (following Tehran in 1974) to host the games. It was the first time that all 45 member nations of the Olympic Council of Asia took part in this event. Also, Eurosport broadcast the event, marking the first time that the


title: "Lameck Onyango" content: made some handy contributions to the Kenyan batting line up. After five years Onyango was recalled in a surprising fashion - as a number 11 against Australia in 2002, but didn't bowl throughout. Though missing Kenya's World Cup campaign of 2003, he was recalled for 2004 ICC Champions Trophy. Lameck Onyango Lameck Onyango Ngoche (born September 22, 1973) is a former Kenyan cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. Though initially not one of cricket's more successful figures, his career began a turnaround during his second year, 1997, in which he switched roles from bowler to


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: Long-toed salamander The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae. This species, typically long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown, and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs. Analysis of fossil records, genetics, and biogeography suggest "A. macrodactylum" and "A. laterale" are descended from a common ancestor that gained access to the western Cordillera with the loss of the mid-continental seaway toward the Paleocene. The distribution of the long-toed salamander is primarily in the Pacific Northwest, with an altitudinal range of up to . It lives in


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: a variety of habitats, including temperate rainforests, coniferous forests, montane riparian zones, sagebrush plains, red fir forests, semiarid sagebrush, cheatgrass plains, and alpine meadows along the rocky shores of mountain lakes. It lives in slow-moving streams, ponds, and lakes during its aquatic breeding phase. The long-toed salamander hibernates during the cold winter months, surviving on energy reserves stored in the skin and tail. The five subspecies have different genetic and ecological histories, phenotypically expressed in a range of color and skin patterns. Although the long-toed salamander is classified as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN, many forms of


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: land development threaten and negatively affect the salamander's habitat. "Ambystoma macrodactylum" is a member of the Ambystomatidae, also known as the mole salamanders. The Ambystomatidae originated approximately 81 million years ago (late Cretaceous) from its sister taxon Dicamptodontidae. The Ambystomatidae are also members of suborder Salamandroidea, which includes all the salamanders capable of internal fertilization. The sister species to "A. macrodactylum" is "A. laterale", distributed in eastern North America. However, the species-level phylogeny for Ambystomatidae is tentative and in need of further testing. The body of the long-toed salamander is dusky black with a dorsal stripe of tan, yellow, or


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: olive-green. This stripe can also be broken up into a series of spots. The sides of the body can have fine white or pale blue flecks. The belly is dark-brown or sooty in color with white flecks. Root tubercles are present, but they are not quite as developed as other species, such as the tiger salamander. The eggs of this species look similar to those of the related northwestern salamander ("A. gracile") and tiger salamander ("A. tigrinum"). Like many amphibians, the eggs of the long-toed salamander are surrounded by a gelatinous capsule. This capsule is transparent, making the embryo visible


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: during development. Unlike "A. gracile" eggs, there are no visible signs of green algae, which makes egg jellies green in color. When in its egg, the long-toed salamander embryo is darker on top and whiter below compared to a tiger salamander embryo that is light brown to grey above and cream-colored on the bottom. The eggs are about or greater in diameter with a wide outer jelly layer. Prior to hatching—both in the egg and as newborn larvae—they have balancers, which are thin skin protrusions sticking out the sides and supporting the head. The balancers eventually fall off and their


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: external gills grow larger. Once the balancers are lost the larvae are distinguished by the sharply pointed flaring of the gills. As the larvae mature and metamorphose, their limbs with digits become visible and the gills are resorbed. The skin of a larva is mottled with black, brown, and yellow pigmentation. Skin color changes as the larvae develop and pigment cells migrate and concentrate in different regions of the body. The pigment cells, called chromatophores, are derived from the neural crest. The three types of pigment chromatophores in salamanders include yellow xanthophores, black melanophores, and silvery iridiophores (or guanophores). As


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: the larvae mature, the melanophores concentrate along the body and provide the darker background. The yellow xanthophores arrange along the spine and on top of the limbs. The rest of the body is flecked with reflective iridiophores along the sides and underneath. As larvae metamorphose, they develop digits from their limb bud protrusions. A fully metamorphosed long-toed salamander has four digits on the front limbs and five digits on the rear limbs. Its head is longer than it is wide, and the long outer fourth toe on the hind limb of mature larvae and adults distinguishes this species from others


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: and is also the etymological origin of its specific epithet: "macrodactylum" (Greek "makros" = long and "daktylos" = toe). The adult skin has a dark brown, dark grey, to black background with a yellow, green, or dull red blotchy stripe with dots and spots along the sides. Underneath the limbs, head, and body the salamander is white, pinkish, to brown with larger flecks of white and smaller flecks of yellow. Adults are typically long. The long-toed salamander is an ecologically versatile species living in a variety of habitats, ranging from temperate rainforests, coniferous forests, montane riparian, sagebrush plains, red fir


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: forest, semiarid sagebrush, cheatgrass plains, to alpine meadows along the rocky shores of mountain lakes. Adults can be located in forested understory, hiding under coarse woody debris, rocks, and in small mammal burrows. During the spring breeding season, adults can be found under debris or in the shoreline shallows of rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. Ephemeral waters are often frequented. This species is one of the most widely distributed salamanders in North America, second only to the tiger salamander. Its altitudinal range runs from sea level up to , spanning a wide variety of vegetational zones. The range includes isolated


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: endemic populations in Monterey Bay and Santa Cruz, California. The distribution reconnects in northeastern Sierra Nevada running continuously along the Pacific Coast to Juneau, Alaska, with populations dotted along the Taku and Stikine River valleys. From the Pacific coast, the range extends longitudinally to the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Montana and Alberta. Like all amphibians, the life of a long-toed salamander begins as an egg. In the northern extent of its range, the eggs are laid in lumpy masses along grass, sticks, rocks, or the mucky substrate of a calm pond. The number of eggs in a


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: single mass ranges in size, possibly up to 110 eggs per cluster. Females invest a significant amount of resources into egg production, with the ovaries accounting for over 50% of the body mass in the pre-breeding season. A maximum of 264 eggs have been found in a single female—a large number considering each egg is approximately in diameter. The egg mass is held together by a gelatinous outer layer protecting the outer capsule of individual eggs. The eggs are sometimes laid singly, especially in warmer climates south of the Canada and US border. The egg jellies contribute a yearly supply


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: of biological material that supports the chemistry and nutrient dynamics of shallow-water aquatic ecosystems and adjacent forest ecosystems. The eggs also provide habitat for water molds, also known as oomycetes. Larvae hatch from their egg casing in two to six weeks. They are born carnivores, feeding instinctively on small invertebrates that move in their field of vision. Food items include small aquatic crustaceans (cladocerans, copepods and ostracods), aquatic dipterans and tadpoles. As they develop, they naturally feed upon larger prey. To increase their chances for survival, some individuals grow bigger heads and become cannibals, and feed upon their own brood


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: mates. After the larvae grow and mature, for at least one season (the larval period lasts about four months on the Pacific coast), they absorb their gills and metamorphose into terrestrial juveniles that roam the forest undergrowth. Metamorphosis has been reported as early as July at sea level, for "A. m. croceum" in October to November and even January. At higher elevations the larvae may overwinter, develop, and grow for an extra season before metamorphosing. In lakes at higher elevations, the larvae can reach sizes of snout to vent length (SVL) at metamorphosis, but at lower elevations they develop faster


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: and metamorphose when they reach SVL. As adults, long-toed salamanders often go unnoticed because they live a subterranean lifestyle digging, migrating, and feeding on the invertebrates in forest soils, decaying logs, small rodent burrows or rock fissures. The adult diet consists of insects, tadpoles, worms, beetles and small fish. Salamanders are preyed upon by garter snakes, small mammals, birds, and fish. An adult may live 6–10 years, with the largest individuals weighing approximately , snout to vent lengths reaching , and total lengths reaching . The life history of the long-toed salamander varies greatly with elevation and climate. Seasonal dates


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: of migration to and from the breeding ponds can be correlated with bouts of sustained rainfall, ice thaw, or snow melt sufficient to replenish the (often) seasonal ponds. Eggs may be spawned at low elevations as early as mid-February in southern Oregon, from early January to July in northwestern Washington, from January to March in southeastern Washington, and from mid-April to early May in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta. The timing of breeding can be highly variable; of notable mention, several egg masses in early stages of development were found on July 8, 1999 along the British Columbia provincial border


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: outside Jasper, Alberta. Adults migrate seasonally to return to their natal breeding ponds, with males arriving earlier and staying longer than females, and some individuals have been seen migrating along snow banks on warm spring days. Gender differences (or sexual dimorphism) in this species are only apparent during the breeding season, when mature males display an enlarged or bulbous vent area. The time of breeding depends on the elevation and latitude of the salamander's habitat. Generally, the lower-elevation salamanders breed in the fall, winter, and early spring. Higher-elevation salamanders breed in spring and early summer. In the higher climates especially,


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: salamanders will enter ponds and lakes that still have ice floating. Adults aggregate in large numbers (>20 individuals) under rocks and logs along the immediate edge of the breeding sites and breed explosively over a few days. Suitable breeding sites include small fish-free ponds, marshes, shallow lakes and other still-water wetlands. Like other ambystomatid salamanders, they have evolved a characteristic courtship dance where they rub bodies and release pheromones from their chin gland prior to assuming a copulatory mating position. Once in position, the male deposits a spermatophore, which is a gooey stalk tipped with a packet of sperm, and


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: walks the female forward to be inseminated. Males may mate more than once and may deposit as many as 15 spermatophores over the course of a five-hour period. The courtship dance for the long-toed salamander is similar to other species of "Ambystoma" and very similar to "A. jeffersonianum". In the long-toed salamander, there is no rubbing or head-butting; the males directly approach females and grab on, while the females try to rapidly swim away. The males clasp the female from behind the forelimbs and shake, a behavior called amplexus. Males sometimes clasp other amphibian species during breeding and shake them


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: as well. The male only grabs with the front limbs and never uses his hind limbs during the courtship dance as he rubs his chin side to side pressing down on the female's head. The female struggles but later becomes subdued. Males increase the tempo and motions, rubbing over the female's nostrils, sides, and sometimes the vent. When the female becomes quite docile the male moves forward with his tail positioned over her head, raised, and waving at the tip. If the female accepts the males courtship, the male directs her snout toward his vent region while both move forward


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: stiffly with pelvic undulations. As the female follows, the male stops and deposits a spermatophore, and the female will move forward with the male to raise her tail and receive the sperm packet. The full courtship dance is rarely accomplished in the first attempt. Females deposit their eggs a few days after mating. In some lowland areas the adult salamanders will remain active all winter long, excluding cold spells. However, during the cold winter months in the northern parts of its range, the long-toed salamander burrows below the frost-line in a coarse substrate to hibernate in clusters of 8–14 individuals.


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: While hibernating, it survives on protein energy reserves that are stored in its skin and along its tail. These proteins serve a secondary function as part of a mixture or concoction of skin secretions that is used for defense. When threatened, the long-toed salamander will wave its tail and secrete an adhesive white milky substance that is noxious and likely poisonous. The color of its skin can serve as a warning to predators ("aposematism") that it will taste bad. Its skin colors and patterns are diverse, ranging from a dark black to reddish brown background that is spotted or blotched


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: by a pale-reddish-brown, pale-green, to a bright yellow stripe. An adult may also drop part of its tail and slink away while the tail bit acts as a squirmy decoy; this is called "autotomy". The regeneration and regrowth of the tail is one example of the developmental physiology of amphibians that is of great interest to the medical profession. While the long-toed salamander is classified as least concern by the IUCN, many forms of land development negatively affect the salamander's habitat and have put new perspectives and priorities into its conservation biology. Conservation priorities focus at the population level of


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: diversity, which is declining at rates ten times that of species extinction. Population level diversity is what provides ecosystem services, such as the keystone role that salamanders play in the soil ecosystems, including the nutrient cycling that supports wetland and forested ecosystems. Two life-history features of amphibians are often cited as a reason why amphibians are good indicators of environmental health or 'canaries in the coal mine'. Like all amphibians, the long-toed salamander has both an aquatic and terrestrial life transition and semipermeable skin. Since they serve different ecological functions in the water than they do in land, the loss


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: of one amphibian species is equivalent to the loss of two ecological species. The second notion is that amphibians, such as long-toed salamanders, are more susceptible to the absorption of pollutants because they naturally absorb water and oxygen through their skin. The validity of this special sensitivity to environmental pollutants, however, has been called into question. The problem is more complex, because not all amphibians are equally susceptible to environmental damage because there is such a diverse array of life histories among species. Long-toed salamander populations are threatened by fragmentation, introduced species, and UV radiation. Forestry, roads, and other land


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: developments have altered the environments that amphibians migrate to, and have increased mortality. Places such as Waterton Lakes National Park have installed a road tunnel underpass to allow safe passage and to sustain the migration ecology of the species. The distribution of the long-toed salamander overlaps extensively with the forestry industry, a dominant resource supporting the economy of British Columbia and the western United States. Long-toed salamanders will alter migration behaviour and are affected negatively by forestry practices not offering sizable management buffers and protections for the smaller wetlands where salamanders breed. Populations near the Peace River Valley, Alberta, have


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: been lost to the clearing and draining of wetlands for agriculture. Trout introduced for the sport fisheries into once fishless lakes are also destroying long-toed salamander populations. Introduced goldfish prey on the eggs and larvae of long-toed salamanders. Increased exposure to UVB radiation is another factor being implicated in the global decline of amphibians and the long-toed salamander is also susceptible to this threat, which increases the incidence of deformities and reduces their survival and growth rates. The subspecies "Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum" (Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander) is of particular concern and it was afforded protections in 1967 under the US


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: Endangered Species Act. This subspecies lives in a narrow range of habitat in Santa Cruz County and Monterey County, California. Prior to receiving protections, some few remaining populations were threatened by development. The subspecies is ecologically unique, having unique and irregular skin patterns on its back, a unique moisture tolerance, and it is also an endemic that is geographically isolated from the rest of the species range. Other subspecies include "A. m. columbianum", "A. m. krausei", "A. m. macrodactylum" and "A. m. sigillatum". The ancestral origins for this species stem from eastern North America, where species richness of ambystomatids are


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: highest. The following biogeographic interpretation on the origins of "A. macrodactylum" into western North America is based on a descriptive account of fossils, genetics, and biogeography. The long-toed salamander's closest living sister species is "A. laterale", a native to northeastern North America. Ambystomatidae was isolated to the southeast of the mid-Continental or Western Interior Seaway during the Cretaceous (~145.5–66 Ma). While three other species of the Ambystomatidae ("A. tigrinum", "A. californiense", and "A. gracile") have overlapping ranges in western North America, the long-toed salamander's closest living sister species is "A. laterale", a native to northeastern North America. It has been


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: suggested that "A. macrodactylum" speciated from "A. laterale" after the Paleocene (~66–55.8 Ma) with the loss of the Western Interior Seaway opening an access route for a common ancestor into the Western Cordillera. Once situated in the montane regions of western North America, species had to contend with a dynamic spatial and compositional ecology responding to the changes in altitude, as mountains grew and the climate changed. For example, the Pacific Northwest became cooler in the Paleocene, paving the way for temperate forest to replace the warmer tropical forest of the Cretaceous. A scenario for the splitting of "A. macrodacylum"


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: and other western temperate species from their eastern counterparts involves Rocky Mountain uplift in the late Oligocene into the Miocene. The orogeny created a climatic barrier by removing moisture from the westerly air stream and dried the midcontinental area, from southern Alberta to the Gulf of Mexico. Ancestors of contemporary salamanders were likely able to disperse and migrate into habitats of the Rocky Mountains and surrounding areas by the Eocene. Mesic forests were established in western North America by the mid Eocene and attained their contemporary range distributions by the early Pliocene. The temperate forest valleys and montane environments of


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: these time periods (Paleogene to Neogene) would have provided the physiographic and ecological features supporting analogs of contemporary "Ambystoma macrodactylum" habitats. The Cascade Range rose during the mid Pliocene and created a rain shadow effect causing the xerification of the Columbia Basin and also altered ranges of temperate mesic ecosystems at higher elevations. The rise of the Cascades causing the xerification of the Columbia Basin is a major biogeographic feature of western North America that divided many species, including "A. macrodactylum", into coastal and inland lineages. There are five subspecies of long-toed salamander. The subspecies are discerned by their geographic


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: location and patterns in their dorsal stripe; Denzel Ferguson gives a biogeographic account of skin patterns, morphology; based on this analysis, he introduced two new subspecies: "A. macrodactylum columbianum" and "A. m. sigillatum". The ranges of subspecies are illustrated in Robert Stebbin's amphibian field guides. Summary of distinguishing skin patterns and morphological features for the subspecies include: Mitochondrial DNA analysis identifies somewhat different ranges for the subspecies lineages. The genetic analysis, for example, identifies an additional pattern of deep divergence in the eastern part of the range. The spatial distribution of populations and genetics of this species links spatially and


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: historically through the interconnecting mountain and temperate valley systems of western North America. The breeding fidelity of long-toed salamanders ("philopatry") and other migratory behaviours reduce rates of dispersal among regions, such as within mountain basins. This aspect of their behavior restricts gene flow and increases the degree and rates of genetic differentiation. Genetic differentiation among regions is higher in the long-toed salamander than measured in most other vertebrate groups. Natural breaks in the range of dispersal and migration occur where ecosystems grade into drier xeric low-lands (such as prairie climates) and at frozen or harsher terrain at high elevation extremes


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: (). Thompson and Russell found another evolutionary lineage that originates in a glacially restricted area of the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho. With the arrival of the Holocene interglacial, approximately 10,000 years ago, the Pleistocene glaciers receded and opened a migratory path linking these southern populations to northern areas where they currently overlap with "A. m. krausei" and co-migrated north into the Peace River (Canada) Valley. Ferguson also noted an intergradation in the same geographic area, but between the morphological subspecies "A. m. columbianum" and "A. m. kraisei" that run parallel to the Bitterroot and Selkirk ranges. Thompson and Russell suggest


title: "Long-toed salamander" content: that this contact zone is between two different subspecies lineages because the "A. m. columbianum" lineage is geographically isolated and restricted to the central Oregon Mountains. Long-toed salamander The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae. This species, typically long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown, and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs. Analysis of fossil records, genetics, and biogeography suggest "A. macrodactylum" and "A. laterale" are descended from a common ancestor that gained access to the western Cordillera with the loss of the mid-continental seaway


title: "Ghosting (identity theft)" content: about an entire family getting killed in an accident while on vacation outside of their home state. This scenario offers several advantages to a ghoster: Whereas typical identity thieves will steal the credit rating of anyone, regardless of age, race or sex, a ghoster intends to "live" in the stolen identity and therefore usually seeks to acquire the identity of a dead person whose physical description strongly resembles the living ghoster's appearance: similar birthdate, height, sex, race or ethnic background. Rare exceptions are transsexual ghosters (see below), who seek to acquire the identity of a dead person of the opposite


title: "Palmyra massacre" content: of ways to the military. Even though he was an old resident, and widely acquainted with the people of the place and vicinity, he was frequently called upon for information touching the loyalty of men, which he always gave to the extent of his ability, though acting, we believe, in all such cases with great candor, and actuated solely by a conscientious desire to discharge his whole duty to his Government. His knowledge of the surrounding area was the reason for him being called upon to act as a guide to scouting parties sent out to arrest disloyal persons. He


title: "Douglas Ranges" content: flows along the southeast flank of the range. East of the Douglas Ranges, across Harrison Lake, are the Lillooet Ranges, while to the west and northwest are the Garibaldi Ranges. Southeast across the Fraser River is the Canadian portion of the Cascade Range. Because of the warmer climate (relative to the rest, even, of the British Columbia coastal lowlands), there were forests of immense trees throughout the Douglas Ranges, which were logged relatively early on in British Columbia's history. A network of logging railroads ran throughout the basin of the Chehalis River, which drains the core of the ranges to


title: "Mahfoud Ali Beiba" content: the presence of the higher authorities of the SADR. The National Assembly of Panama approved a resolution on July 8 that regretted Beiba's death, calling it an "irreparable loss". On July 11, Beiba was replaced by Kathri Aduh as president of the SNC. Some selected quotes: A group of activists headed by the ""Western Sahara Occupied Territories Human Rights Observatory"" who had tried since late 2010 to make up a flotilla from the Canary Islands to sail to Western Sahara, in the shape of the Gaza flotilla, had named the expedition as ""Independence Flotilla Mahfud Ali Beiba"". The 13th GPC


title: Fishkeeping content: US$684 million. From 1989 to 1992, almost 79% of all U.S. ornamental fish imports came from Southeast Asia and Japan. Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Hong Kong, and Indonesia were the top five exporting nations. South America was the second largest exporting region, accounting for 14% of the total annual value. Colombia, Brazil, and Peru were the major suppliers. Approximately 200 million fish worth $44.7 million were imported into the United States in 1992. These fish comprised 1,539 different species; 730 freshwater species, and 809 saltwater species. Freshwater fish accounted for approximately 96% of the total volume and 80% of the


title: "Today (Elvis Presley album)" content: time Presley would record in a studio. He last recorded at Studio C, Hollywood in 1972 where he recorded the gold records "Burning Love" and "Separate Ways". At this time, Elvis was 40 years old. He was accompanied by his then-current girlfriend, Sheila Ryan. In the 2005 FTD TODAY release from these sessions, Presley asked her to "step up here Sheila, let me sing to ya baby" on Take 1 of Don McLean's "And I Love You So". He continued to make "And I Love You So" and "Fairytale" a part of his live concerts until his death. On stage,


title: "Tara VanDerveer" content: USA team won the bronze medal. Two months later, VanDerveer coached the USA Goodwill Games team to a 4–0 record and a gold medal at the 1994 Goodwill Games in Saint Petersburg. So when it was time to select the Olympic coach, VanDerveer had coached several USA Basketball teams, including the full national team. Prior to 1996, the head coach had much input into the team selection. While the USA Basketball organization selected the pool of potential players, the head coach chose the final team. That changed in 1996, when USA Basketball decided to take over the selection role. The