title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: and a supermarket were opened in the waiting rooms in July 2006, simultaneously with the commissioning of the central hall. The high-level platforms are now reached via escalators and lifts. In December 2007, the newly designed network of tracks was put into operation on the station’s south side, except for platform 1, which was opened at the end of 2008. In addition, the two freight train tracks outside the south hall were rebuilt, but omitting the platform between the tracks that had been built with the tracks in about 1930. The 2002 floods delayed the renovation work significantly. On 12


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: August 2002, the station was closed due to flooding by the Weißeritz, which had returned to its old route through Dresden and followed the route of the line to Chemnitz to reach the Hauptbahnhof, reaching a height of up to 1.50 m at the station. Water, mud and debris caused damage of €42 million. Many sections of track were impassable for a long time, especially towards Chemnitz. After a few regional trains reached the station on 2 September 2002, a long-distance train also reached it. The building was, in part, demolished down to its basement, except for its facade; this


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: work lasted until the end of 2004. The cost of the remediation amounted to about €250 million up to November 2006. Of this amount, €85 million was spent on the membrane roof and €55 million on the entrance building. The federal government contributed about €100 million of this and the government of Saxony contributed about €11 million. The renewal of the elevated track structures in the south hall had still not been carried out at that time, it would be supported by the federal government with some €54 million. The inauguration of the renovated station took place under the dome


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: of the lobby on the evening of 10 November 2006. It was carried out in 2006 to coincide with the celebration of the 800-year anniversary of the city. The opening meant the end of a significant obstacle for tourism, but the renovations have not yet finished even in 2014. After 20 months of construction, carried out as part of the federal economic stimulus package, the refurbishment of the station’s energy systems were completed in June 2011. This construction work included the renovation of the royal pavilion. Since the summer of 2011, Deutsche Bahn has been developing a future retail space


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: under the tracks of the north and south hall of the station. Around €25 million were expected to be invested by 2014. It has around 40 storefronts with a total area of 14,000 square metres. The first new stores opened in August 2013, although construction work had not been completed in April 2014. The second stage of the development of the Dresden railway node was planned in 2009 to be completed in 2011. However, this construction phase was not included in the 2011–2015 federal Investment Framework Plan ("Investitionsrahmenplan") and construction is not currently scheduled (as of 2012). In September 2013,


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: Deutsche Bahn said that the platforms of the central hall would be replaced by 2019 and they would also be slightly raised. The "Förderverein Dresdner Hauptbahnhof e. V." (Friends of Dresden Hauptbahnhof) supported the renovation and enabled the recovery of some details about the required conservation measures. So broken decorative elements on a sandstone facade of the clock tower were returned to their correct places, windows were equipped with arches and architraves and the crowning group statue of "Saxonia" with personifications of science and technology have been restored. The station building is oriented in a northwest–southeast direction and is divided


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: along its longitudinal axis into three train sheds with eye-catching arched roofs. The lobby is located to the east of the central and largest of the three buildings and it is centered between the outer halls; it has an approximately square plan. A small forecourt facing on to federal highway ("Bundesstraße") 170 is in front of the main entrance. This road passes at roughly right angles under the railways running through the other two halls. The tripartite platform hall covers an area that is 60 metres wide and 186 metres long. The iron arch structure of the roof rises up


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: to 32 metres high and has a width of 59 metres. The spans of the train sheds are 31 or 32 metres and 19 metres wide. The dimensions of the roof were necessary during the days of steam so that smoke could be blown away. On the other side of federal highway 170 opposite the main entrance is the station’s east wing. Several bay platforms are arranged in an elevated position between the running lines from the north and south hall. These are mainly used for stabling short sets. Impressive entrances to the station building were built not only from


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: the east, but also from the north and the south. Additionally from these sides there are direct entrances to the central train shed under the elevated through tracks. The entrance from Wiener Platz to the station hall was also perceived as the main entrance during construction, which led to contemporary criticism that "the organic development of the building had to suffer from the needs of two main entrances with one having greater architectural significance and the other responding more to the needs of users." In the northwest is the royal pavilion ("Königspavillon"), which is built in the Baroque Revival style.


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: Originally it served to receive state guests of the Kingdom of Saxony. After the end of the monarchy in 1918, it contained a ticket office before it was again reserved for functions and receiving dignitaries during the Third Reich. From 1950, the royal pavilion contained the "Kino im Hauptbahnhof" (cinema in the station), which had more than 170 places. On 31 December 2000, Deutsche Bahn dismissed the operator and the Pavilion has since been unused. During a renovation to make it energy-efficient in 2010, the facade of the Pavilion was repaired and new windows and a new roof were installed.


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: In April 2014, the royal pavilion is to be opened as an additional entrance to the station, allowing direct access to platforms 17, 18 and 19 from the north-west side. In the royal pavilion itself there will be room for cultural projects and art exhibitions. Originally there was another entrance to the Pavilion on the north side. Eliminating it led to criticism from architects and the press, as the royal pavilion would now not be integrated into a harmonious structure. Among the elevated tracks of the north and south hall there was originally facilities for loading luggage and offices for


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: the management and inspection of operations (north hall) and rooms for the staff (south hall). Since the redevelopment there are shops for travel necessities below the eastern part of the north hall and a waiting hall with its own lost property office and sanitary facilities under a part of the south hall. The development of further rooms below the north hall and south hall is still continuing (as of 2013). The central train shed today serves as a terminal station with seven tracks running from the west. Originally, however, it housed only six platform tracks. Even before the Second World


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: War another platform track was integrated into the train shed, the current platform 14. This change involved the abolition of two luggage platforms, leaving only the former luggage platform between platforms 6 and 9. The tracks of the central part of the station are approximately at street level, while all the through tracks run in a second level which is about 4.50 metres higher. The north and south halls house three through tracks (without platforms) that run in a southeasterly direction past the terminal hall. The eastern sections of platforms 1 and 2 are also referred to as platforms 1a


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: and 2a. The north hall also houses an additional through track without platform. During the refurbishment works carried out since 2000, the platform height was adjusted to meet current standards. The east wing originally had a second terminal track, but only platform track 4 is still in use. In addition to structural changes, the system of operations has also changed. It was initially mainly operated with tracks arranged according to direction (that is with fast and slow lines in the same direction). The tracks are now largely arranged as discrete lines (for instance some tracks are dedicated to S-Bahn services).


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: The following table gives an overview of the aspects of the platform and their original and current use (November 2009). The island platform added between the freight tracks south of the south hall in the 1930s has not existed since the reorganisation in the new millennium and therefore it is not shown in the table. A special feature of the station is the renovated roof, which was designed by the British architect Sir Norman Foster. The previous panes of framed glass were replaced by 0.7 mm-thick glass fibre membranes which have been stretched between the arched halls. The membranes have


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: double-sided Teflon coatings that are 0.1 mm-thick and are self-cleaning. It was the first time that a historic building had been treated with this new material. Designed for a service life of 50 years, the membrane can resist tensile forces of up to about 150 kN per metre. It can be walked over by trained personnel with a safety harness. The membrane is largely translucent during the daytime and reflects the light of the concourse back at night; the structure appears to be silver from the outside. Narrow slits between the membranes are left open over the hall arches, forming


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: a total of 67 skylights. The roof area is about 33,000 square metres (of which 29,000 square metres is composed of glass fibre membrane), which covers a surface area about 24,500 square metres. The architects who won the competition emphasised their entry’s relatively easy installation, low weight and low maintenance costs (self-cleaning). According to the Deutsche Bahn specifications, cooling is not required due to the "tent construction" of the roof even in bright sunlight. The restoration was carried out between February 2001 and July 2006 with trains running through the station. 800 tons of material were installed in the two


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: outer halls from elevated work platforms and more than 1600 tons of material were installed in the central hall. On 15 May 2001, workers began with the removal of the old glass roof. Some of the old steel beams were rebuilt and some new ones have been inserted as wind bracing between the hall arches. Secondary structures were then built to attach the membranes on the beams. A total of more than 100,000 screws were installed, some of which also replaced rivets on the historic hall arches. A service lift was also installed. The planning began in 1997 and originally


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: a full canopy covering the outer platforms was envisaged, but this was rejected in 2000. Instead it was decided to take up an option to extend the two outer roofs by 200 metres to the east above the outer platforms using a membrane roof. The membrane roof has been damaged several times during bad weather. In the winter of 2010/2011, eight cracks, which were up to two metres wide, were formed. Responsibility for the damage was still being contested in court in January 2013. The main entrance of the station building forms part of a large circular portal window arch.


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: The portal is installed in the massive Avant-corps that dominates the centre of the facade. In addition there is a statue of Saxonia, the embodiment of the spirit of Saxony, which is arranged between allegories of science and technology. Both the portal of the entrance building and the clock towers on both sides show the association of the station with the architectural style of Historicism, which was typical of the buildings of the kingdom of Saxony in Dresden. The entrance building consists of two elongated, T-shaped crossings, which intersect under the large glass dome of the hall. The main corridor


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: leads to the central hall, while the side halls can be reached by passages running parallel to the cross passage through the central hall. During the renovation of the business and administrative areas, large parts of the station building were converted into facades and additional areas of glass were inserted into its roofs for daylighting. While the interiors of the lobby are now simply decorated, they appeared much more lively before the destruction of the station during World War II. Ceiling paintings and the 26 emblems of the administrative districts of the Kingdom of Saxony in their heraldic colours adorned


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: the lobby. The waiting rooms of the first and second class were graced with large murals made of porcelain tiles to the disgn of Prof. Julius Storm of Meissen. For a long time many locals have met at the "Unterm Strick" (“rope end"), which is just below the center of the dome of Dresden station. Before the renovation of the station, a so-called rope hung here in the middle of the entrance hall. Although nothing has hung here since the station redevelopment, the old name is still used for this meeting place by many in Dresden. At this point of


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: the roof, there is now a round cushion, 15 metres in diameter and made of ETFE foil. Its height can be adjusted and it serves mainly to regulate the ventilation. In the upper floor of the station there has been a "DB Lounge" for first class passengers and frequent travellers since September 2006. In the entrance building there are shops for travel needs. It includes leased retail space of 3,969 square metres in addition to the space below the elevated tracks of the south hall; this provision is low compared to other metropolitan stations. As an important transport hub in


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: Dresden, the station is linked to various transport services. It is not only a stop on the rail network, but it is also an important transfer point for public transport, a grade-separated crossing of two main roads and the beginning of the pedestrianised route through the inner city. The Dresden station is located on three electrified double-track main lines: The Hauptbahnhof is also connected with railway to Berlin via the triangle of rail tracks between Dresden Freiberger Straße and Dresden Mitte and with the railway to Leipzig and railway to Görlitz via Dresden-Neustadt. An electronic interlocking controls the Dresden junction


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: to the limits on Dresden station. For operational purposes, Dresden Hauptbahnhof (Hbf) is part is part of the Dresden “operating agency” ("Betriebsstelle"; DDRE) which consists of the following station parts: All lines to Dresden have entry signals, as do the opposite tracks. The operating agency of Dresden has a total of 15 entry signals. Two long-distance railway corridors intersect in Dresden. In addition to the important long-distance route to Leipzig, there is also the north–south corridor from Berlin via Dresden and Prague to Vienna. A third corridor from Nuremberg to Wrocław has lost its importance in Germany and Poland and


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: is no longer served by long-distance traffic. Journey times are as follows from Dresden to: In the plans of the European Union, the station is the starting point of "Pan-European Corridors III and IV" to Kiev and southeast Europe. The station is served by the following services (incomplete list): Each day the station is used by around 60,000 passengers, 381 trains (including 50 long-distance services), including up to ten S-Bahn services each hour. In passenger traffic it is served by services operated by DB Fernverkehr (long-distance), DB Regio (Südost), Städtebahn Sachsen and Vogtlandbahn (under the brand name of "Trilex"). In


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: addition, about 200 freight trains operated by different railway companies pass the station daily. The most common direct destination outside the area of the Dresden S-Bahn is Leipzig with up to 32 services daily. The other most frequent long-distance destinations are Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, Prague and Budapest. The Saxon-Franconian trunk line via Chemnitz and the Vogtland to Nuremberg has been discontinued in recent years, despite the growth of long-distance traffic and is now only operated by DB Regio as far as Hof. The number of direct connections to the station mean that it has national significance as an interchange.


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: It is one of the 21 stations of the highest category as classified by DB Station&Service. The station is the main inner-city hub for national passenger services. From the outset, it was the centre of the tram network of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (Dresden Transport) or its predecessor organisations. Today, along with Postplatz, Albertplatz and Pirnaischer Platz, it is one of the four major tram hubs of the city. The first bus service was operated in Dresden from April 1914 via the station as the overland buses of the "Kraftverkehrsgesellschaft Freistaat Sachsen" (KVG) from 1919 until the end of World War


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: II. Tram stops are located on the station forecourt fronting highway B170 and on Wiener Platz. The distance from the centre of the station to each of the tram stops is about 100 metres. The connecting path runs at ground level from the head of the platforms. Also in front of the entrance building is the bus stop, which is served by city and regional buses. As part of further restructuring, a new central bus station ("Zentraler Omnibus Bahnhof", ZOB) is being built at the western end of Wiener Platz. Bus passengers will then be able to use the station


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: entrance by the royal pavilion. Four tram lines (3, 7, 8, 10), a city bus route (66) and several regional bus services operated by "Regionalverkehr Dresden" (Regional Transport Dresden), line 261 operated by the Pirna-Sebnitz Upper Elbe Transport Company ("Oberelbischen Verkehrsgesellschaft Pirna-Sebnitz") and other services operated by long-distance transport companies regularly stop at the station. Apart from destinations in the surrounding area of Dresden, services are also operated to Annaberg-Buchholz, Olbernhau and Mittweida as well as Teplice in the Czech Republic, among other places. In addition, tram lines 9 and 11 stop at the Hauptbahnhof Nord stop, which is about


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: 150 metres to the northeast of the station. In the Bayerischen Straße to the south of the station are the bus stops of several long-distance bus services. After the completion of the planned ZOB, this is to be served by all regional and long-distance bus services. Stopping places for cars are provided near the entrances on the south side of the station. An underground car park with 350 parking spaces is located at Wiener Platz in front of the northern entrances of the station. It is reached from the road tunnel under the Platz running to the east. Further parking


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: is available in parking garages and parking lots along Prager Straße and south of the station. The renovated station in Dresden received the 2007 Renault Traffic Future Award for special transport architecture. In addition, the architectural firm of Foster and Partners received a second place in the award of the Stirling Prize in the same year and in 2008 the new roof of the station hall received the Brunel Award, an award for railway design. In August 2014, the station was given an award by "Allianz pro Schiene" entitled "Station of the Year in the category of large city railway


title: "Dresden Hauptbahnhof" content: station". The jury praised the station as being a "monument of a clear, lilting lightness." Dresden Hauptbahnhof Dresden Hauptbahnhof (“main station”, abbreviated Dresden Hbf) is the largest passenger station in the Saxon capital of Dresden. In 1898, it replaced the "Böhmischen Bahnhof" ("Bohemian station") of the former Saxon-Bohemian State Railway ("Sächsisch-Böhmische Staatseisenbahn"), and was designed with its formal layout as the central station of the city. The combination of a station building on an island between the tracks and a terminal station on two different levels is unique. The building is notable for its halls that are roofed with Teflon-coated


title: "Taymouth Castle" content: They included Lord and Lady Seymour, the Earl of Ashburnham, Lord Stuart de Rothesay and Lord and Lady Hatherton. In 1840, more noble guests stayed at the castle, including the Duke and Duchess of St Albans, the Earl and Countess of Camperdown, Lady Elizabeth Duncan, future Prime Minister Lord Haddo, the Earl and Countess of Cadogan and the Ladies Augusta and Honoria Cadogan. The works to the castle were complete by 1842, just in time for the first visit to Scotland by the 'youthful' Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, when they stayed at Taymouth for three days. On their arrival,


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: Spiranthes spiralis Spiranthes spiralis, commonly known as autumn lady's-tresses, is an orchid that grows in Europe and adjacent North Africa and Asia. It is a small grey-green plant. It forms a rosette of four to five pointed, sessile, ovate leaves about in length. In late summer an unbranched stem of about tall is produced with approximately four sheath-shaped leaves. The white flowers are about long and have a green spot on the lower lip. They are arranged in a helix around the upper half of the stalk. The species is listed in Appendix II of CITES as a species that


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: is not currently threatened with extinction but that may become so. Autumn lady's-tresses are legally protected in Belgium and the Netherlands. Autumn lady's tresses is a polycarp, perennial, herbaceous plant that remains underground during its dormancy in summer with tubers. The species has thirty chromosomes (2n=30). Underground there are two to four (or exceptionally six), egg-shaped or ovate-oblong, hard tubers which are usually long and ¾–1½ cm (0.3–0.59 in) in diameter, slightly tapering towards the tip. They are pale brown and smooth with short transparent hairs on the outside. These tubers, as in many orchids, have an earthy musty smell,


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: originating from the mycorrhiza. There are no thick filamentous secondary roots as in many other orchids. The plant needs many years to grow large enough (eight years) to produce above-ground parts, and to produce a flowering stalk (another three years). Even then, it mostly flowers once every few years, and will during hard times not surface at all. The stem is greyish green, usually (in Southern Europe exceptionally 40 cm) high, unbranched, erect, and terete. Especially further up, the stem is covered with short transparent glandular hairs. Below the flowers stand three to seven grayish green, acute leaves that envelop


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: the stem, with membranous edges and three to five veins. Sometimes the withered leaf remains of the rosette of the previous year are still visible at the base of the stem. The new leaves, which appear at the same time or after the flower stem, stand with four to five together in a rosette beside the stem. They are (exceptionally 5½ cm) long and ¾-1¾ cm (0.3-0.69 in) wide, blue-green, very glossy, sessile, oval and have a pointed tip and translucent entire edges. They have three to five keeled veins. Plants in the Mediterranean can be considerably more robust than


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: those in Western and Central Europe. The inflorescence is a slender spike of (exceptionally 20 cm) long, with usually ten to twenty-five (rarely as few as six or as many as thirty) flowers. They are set in a single row, usually in a clockwise or counterclockwise spiral winding around the axis, or rarely all to one side. Each flower is subtended by a pale green, lanceolate bract. This shelters the base of the flower, tapers, bends toward the tip, has white edges and scattered glandular hairs at the base. They are usually long and wide. The flowers are very small,


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: ± ½ cm (0.2 in), white, and spread a fragrance that is said to by reminiscent of lily of the valley, vanilla or almonds. The flowers produce nectar unlike in many other orchids. The flower has no spur. Outer tepals are oblong-ovate, slightly tapering to a blunt tip, long, white with a light green vein, have a ciliate or very finely serrated edge, and on the outside with little glandular hairs. Inner perianth leaves are white, elongate with a blunt tip, a vein and adhere with the slightly longer upper outer perianth leaf, thereby forming an upward decurved upper lip.


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: The lower lip is pale green with a wide irregular jagged edge of crystal-like transparent white growths, oblong, approximately long and 2½–3 mm (0.10–0.12 in) wide, trough-shaped, rounded and without lobes and at its top bending down. Both lips give the flower as a whole a trumpet shape. The lower lip encloses the column (merger of the stamen and style) at the base, and there are also two white, glossy, round, nectar-secreting glands, each with a ring of papillae around their base. The small column is green. The capsule is 5½-7 mm (0.22-0.27 in) long, or occasionally up to thick,


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: oval shaped, and filled with countless tiny and very lightweight seeds of long at thick. Around the end of August a rosette of leaves appears, which winters and dies back in July at the latest. During the following weeks, a flower stalk emerges from the centre of the dead leaf rosette, and during flowering, one or two new rosettes are formed. Autumn lady's tresses blossoms after the summer (August–October). The species is not self-pollinating. The pollination is done by bees and bumblebees. In nature, less than the half of the fruit capsules produce seeds. The very fine seeds are dispersed


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: by the wind in October or November. Nevertheless, most seeds will not disperse more than a few dm from the mother plant since the vast majority of new plants are in close vicinity to an adult plant. Autumn lady's tresses spreads primarily through sexual reproduction. However, the plants to a limited extent also propagate vegetatively by the formation of side buds on the underground stem. The new plant forms its own tuber and leaf rosette, and if the old root dies, the connection between the two daughter plants is broken. The plants therefore often occur in small dense groups. An


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: individual plant does not usually flower every year, apparently because the production of seeds takes a lot of effort. Plants do not necessarily appear above ground each year, so that after an absence mature plants suddenly seem to appear out of nowhere. The genus "Spiranthes" contains about forty species, most of which are from North America. Some species are found in Central and South America, in temperate and tropical Asia southward to Australia and New Zealand. In Europe, three species occur in the wild. Besides the autumn lady's tresses, these are the summer lady's tresses "S. aestivalis", and the Irish


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: lady's tresses "S. romanzoffiana", a mainly North American species that also occurs in Ireland and western Scotland. The autumn lady's tresses is easily distinguished because the two other species of previously have inflorescences that occur earlier during the year (May–July) from a living rosette, with lanceolate leaves rising at an angle and having cream-colored instead of greenish or greyish white flowers. The autumn lady's tresses also resembles the evergreen "Goodyera repens" (creeping lady's-tresses or dwarf rattlesnake plantain), which has a creeping rhizome rather than tubers. The inflorescence emerges from the centre of a rosette of ovate leaves with a pointed


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: tip, and has striking perpendicular connective veins. The flowers are covered in long hairs that are often tipped with tiny droplets. In 1753, Carl Linnaeus was the first to correctly describe the species in his Species Plantarum, naming it "Ophrys spiralis". In 1827, François Fulgis Chevallier moved it to the genus "Spiranthes" that had been erected by Louis Claude Richard in 1817. Synonyms include "O. autumnalis", "Epipactis spiralis", "Serapias spiralis", "Neottia spiralis", "N. autumnalis", "Ibidium spirale", "Gyrostachys autumnalis", "Spiranthes autumnalis" and "S. glauca". Autumn lady's threshes belongs to a genus with many species in North-America, but only three species in


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: Europe. Recent DNA-analysis showed that the three Eurasian species of "Spiranthes" are most related to each other, with a clade consisting of "S. sinensis" and "S. aestivalis" being the sister group of "S. spiralis". The botanical name is derived from the ancient Greek σπεῖρα (speira) "spiral" and ἄνθος (anthos) "flower". The species name "spiralis" also refers to the placement of the flowers in a spiral. Autumn lady's tresses occurs in Europe and small adjacent parts of North Africa and Asia. In the west, it occurs from Ireland to Portugal, in the south from Spain including the Balearic Islands, the coastal


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: mountains of Algeria, Italy including Sicily, Greece including Crete, the Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea Coasts of Turkey and the Caucasus Mountains, North Iran eastwards to the Western Himalayas. To the North its limit is from northern England, the Netherlands, Denmark and the southern Baltic, Poland to western Ukraine. In Switzerland the most recent locations are around Lake Lucerne, the Rhine Valley near Chur, in the area of Lake Walen and in Ticino. In Italy it is found in the north-east near the sea. In Great Britain and Ireland its northern-most occurrence is on the Isle of Man. It has


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: never been found in Scotland. In Ireland it has a scattered southern distribution north to County Sligo. In Germany, the plant is endangered in Bavaria (Franconian Heights and Franconian Jura) and Hesse, very endangered in Baden-Württemberg (Swabian Jura and foothills of the Alps) and Rhineland-Palatinate, and near extinction in Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. In France, it occurs across the country, except for the regions of Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine, and the departments of Nord, Aisne, Eure, Bas-Rhin, Val d'Oise and Seine-et-Marne. It is relatively common on the coasts of Brittany and the Provence, and in the valley of the Orne.


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: The original range of "S. spiralis" is probably Mediterranean. Only when man created the habitat for this orchid by settling and converting forests to agriculture and animal husbandry, the species could spread to the north (7000 to 4000 BC). It grows in dry grassy places such as meadows, garigue, heaths, and pine woodland, generally on calcareous soils. Autumn lady's tresses may be found on quite different substrates, from weathered chalk and limestone to sand and gravel in dunes and slightly acidic heathlands. Occasionally, it has also been found on clay on sloping sites. It sometimes occurs in lawns, and was


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: reported from the top of a wall in Sicily. Soils need to be low in nitrogen and phosphorus and neither dry nor wet. The species occurs in different plant communities, most commonly in highly diverse "Festuca ovina"–"Avenula pratensis" grasslands that exist because of intense grazing by sheep or rabbits. These grasslands contain grasses, dicots, and mosses in different mixtures. The turf is short, continuous and consist of very small individual plants. Characteristic species that may be abundant in these grasslands in the UK include the grasses Sheep's fescue "Festuca ovina", red fescue "F. rubra", Quaking-grass "Briza media", crested hair-grass "Koeleria


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: macrantha" and Crested dog's-tail "Cynosurus cristatus", the dicots ribwort plantain "Plantago lanceolata", Small burnet "Poterium sanguisorba" ssp. "sanguisorba", Common Bird's-foot Trefoil "Lotus corniculatus", Common Cat's-ear "Hypochaeris radicata", Mouse-ear hawkweed "Pilosella officinarum", Rough hawkbit "Leontodon hispidus" and Dwarf thistle "Cirsium acaule", and the moss "Pseudoscleropodium purum". In the Netherlands, the remaining population in an old dune grassland occurs in a community akin to the Botrychio-Polygaletum, where it occurs with "Briza media", Glaucous sedge "Carex flacca", Broad-leaved thyme "Thymus pulegioides", Common milkwort "Polygala vulgaris" and Fairy flax "Linum catharticum". Like most other species of orchids, autumn lady's tresses needs a root fungus


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: (or mycorrhiza) for its seed to germinate under field conditions. The seeds contain no endosperm or other food reserves. After germination, the lower part of the seedling (or protocorm) is colonized by mycorrhiza. The seedlings parasitize actually on the mycorrhiza, which provides both water, minerals and organic compounds. Since it takes about eight years before the plant produces green parts, this part of the lifecycle of this orchid is very long. Mature plants also contain mycorrhiza most of the year, but the amount of hyphae fluctuates with a maximum during the fall and winter. Most deeply infiltrated hyphae are digested


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: at the beginning of flowering time, though the outer cell layer of the tuber may still contain living hyphae. New tubers are colonized when they have reached their maximum size. Infiltrated cells contain coils of hyphae of Rhizoctonia-type. Autumn lady's tresses can accommodate at least types of fungus in its roots. Some of these mycorrhizal fungi are from genera that also occur in other orchids, such as "Ceratobasidium" and "Rhizoctonia". But there are also fungi present in the tubers that were not known to enter into an endophytic relationship, such as the ascomycete genera "Davidiella", "Leptosphaeria" and "Alternaria" and the


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: basidiomycete "Malassezia". Even fungi that are known to be pathogenic in other plants, such as "Fusarium oxysporum" and "Bionectria ochroleuca" can be found in healthy specimens of this orchid, suggesting that it is able to keep such fungi in check. Pollination of autumn lady's tresses is little observed. In the Netherlands the common carder bee ("Bombus pascuorum") and red-tailed bumblebee ("Bombus lapidarius") are regular visitors. In southern France (Rhône Department) the honeybee also pollinates. The silver Y ("Autographa gamma") is also seen to visits the flowers, but attached pollinia have not been observed. The pollinators land on the lower lip.


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: On the rear part of the lip are two glands that secrete nectar which is collected in small cavities immediately below them. The access to the nectar is very narrow to by the protruding edge of the column and the glands, and will cause the tongue of the bumblebee or bee to tear a membrane that covers the base of the two pollinia. As a result, the bees tongue comes into contact with an adhesive which hardens directly when exposed to the air. When the tongue is retracted the pollinia cling to it. The lip of flowers that is a


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: few day more matured has opened further making access to the nectar gland wider and making the tongue brush past the stigma and deliver the pollen. Such a flower which develops first to release the pollen, and is later adapted to be pollinated is called protandrous. In 52% of the plants the flowers are arranged counterclockwise, in 39% clockwise and in 9% of the plants the flowers are to one side of the inflorescence. The pollinators always land at bottom of the inflorescence and visit the flowers ever higher up. Most bumblebees have a strong preference for counterclockwise arrangement, fewer


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: for clockwise. It seems that autumn lady's tresses responds to this preference by offering different inflorescence types and thus increases the chances of fertilization. The rust "Uredo oncidii" is known to infect the leaves and stems of "Spiranthes spiralis". To conserve "S. spiralis" and improve the establishment of new habitats the hydrology must be just right: not too dry nor too moist. Because the species has little competitive strength, the soil must be moderate poor in nutrients and eutrophication, for example from adjacent farmland, should be avoided. Autumn lady's tresses grow best in a soil that is not acid. Therefore,


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: acidification must be halted, on loamy soils for example by raising the ground watertable slightly, or by removing the acid humus layer. On sandy soil, it is important to retain or restore the small scale relief so that the optimal moisture is present both in dry and in wet years in the field. During flowering should not be mowed or grazed, but mowing and grazing by sheep or cattle outside this period is beneficial to keep the vegetation sufficiently short. Damaging the soil should be avoided. New locations can be created in the vicinity of existing habitats, possibly aided by


title: "Spiranthes spiralis" content: scattering cuttings from existing locations to encourage establishment. Spiranthes spiralis Spiranthes spiralis, commonly known as autumn lady's-tresses, is an orchid that grows in Europe and adjacent North Africa and Asia. It is a small grey-green plant. It forms a rosette of four to five pointed, sessile, ovate leaves about in length. In late summer an unbranched stem of about tall is produced with approximately four sheath-shaped leaves. The white flowers are about long and have a green spot on the lower lip. They are arranged in a helix around the upper half of the stalk. The species is listed in


title: "William K. Suter" content: and described herself as an enthusiastic fan. To distinguish him from former Supreme Court Associate Justice David Souter, Suter was often referred to within the Supreme Court by the nickname "The General" or as "General Suter". An avid basketball player, he was known throughout his career for his love of the sport. At the Court, he could be seen playing basketball with law clerks on the "highest court in the land". In January 2013, Suter announced that he would retire on August 31, before the start of the Court's 2013 term. At Suter's retirement celebration on June 12, 2013, Chief


title: "Neotinea ustulata" content: Neotinea ustulata Neotinea ustulata (known as burnt orchid or burnt-tip orchid) is a European terrestrial orchid native to mountains in central and southern Europe, growing at up to elevation. The plant is considered Endangered in Great Britain and Least Concern internationally based on IUCN Red List criteria. The burnt-tip orchid was voted the county flower of Wiltshire in 2002 following a poll by the wild flora conservation charity Plantlife. "Neotinea ustulata" grows from two spherical tubers with thick roots. It is believed that the plant can grow underground for 10–15 years before the first stem appears. Plants have leaves with


title: "Neotinea ustulata" content: prominent veins, along with a couple of leaves typically around the flower stem, which can reach , though typically less than tall. Flowers are born in a dense cylindrical pattern, with individual plants capable of producing up to 70 flowers. The sepals and petals form a hood that is reddish-brown, over a white crimson-spotted lower lip that is . Flowers have a strong fragrance that is described as similar to honey. "N. ustulata" flowers from May through June, with the subspecies, "Neotinea ustulata" subsp. "aestivalis" blooming in July in England. The common name comes from the tips of the flower


title: "Neotinea ustulata" content: buds having a burnt appearance. "Neotinea ustulata" is distributed throughout central and south Europe, with its main populations in Spain and Greece in the south, reaching England and southern Sweden in the north, and reaching as far east as the Caucasus and Ural mountains. It grows as high as elevation in the Carpathian mountains and the Alps. It typically grows on chalky subsoil (occasionally acidic soils) in grassland; fens and open pine forest; mountain meadows, valleys, and ledges; wet grasslands. The plant's largest population in northwest Europe is on Parsonage Down, in Wiltshire, England. Neotinea ustulata Neotinea ustulata (known as


title: "Copenhagen Denmark Temple" content: than 4,000 members attended the four dedicatory services held throughout the day. LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley gave the dedicatory prayer. The Copenhagen Denmark Temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms. Copenhagen Denmark Temple The Copenhagen Denmark Temple is the 118th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The Copenhagen Denmark Temple is one of the few temples that have been converted from existing buildings. The building of the temple in Denmark was announced on March 17, 1999. On April 24, 1999 the site for the temple


title: "Der Emes" content: Der Emes Der Emes (in Yiddish דער עמעס ), meaning 'The Truth', from Biblical Hebrew אמת "emeth") was a Soviet newspaper in Yiddish. A continuation of the short-lived "Di varhayt", "Der Emes" began publishing in Moscow on August 7, 1918. The publisher was the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From 1921 to October 1937 its editor-in-chief was Moishe Litvakov, after his arrest the newspaper was headed by an anonymous "editorial board". From January 7, 1921 till March 1930 "Emes" appeared as the organ of the Central Bureau of Yevsektsiya. In January, 1939 the campaign against Yiddish culture


title: "Terry Semel" content: in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Mildred (née Wenig) and Ben Semel. His father was a women's coat designer and his mother was a bus company executive. He was raised in Bay Terrace, a community in Bayside, Queens. He was the middle child, and has two sisters. At the age of 23, he graduated from Long Island University in Brooklyn with a B.S. degree in accounting. Semel began working at Warner Bros. in 1965 as a trainee. From 1970 to 1972, Semel worked for CBS corporation's theatrical film production company, Cinema Center Films, as domestic sales manager. CBS closed


title: "Hood to Coast" content: factor over three legs, and taking into account additional factors) for each team's submitted roster. Thus the flow of teams through the 35 exchange points and finish line remains relatively smooth, with all teams finishing the race by the closing time of 9 p.m. on Saturday. The course starts at Timberline Lodge at the level of Mount Hood, and proceeds down Timberline Road to Government Camp. This first leg drops in elevation over about ; the next two legs from Government Camp to Rhododendron have a combined elevation drop of over about . Runners proceed west along U.S. Route 26


title: "Devendra Jhajharia" content: the 8th FESPIC Games in South Korea. In 2004 Jhajharia qualified for his first Summer Paralaympic Games representing India at Athens. At the games he set a new world record with a distance of 62.15m eclipsing the old one of 59.77m. The throw gave him the gold medal and he became only the second gold medalist at the Paralympics for his country (India's first gold medal came from Murlikant Petkar). Further athletic success came in 2013 at the IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, France when he took the gold medal in the F46 javelin throw. He followed this with


title: "VLDL receptor" content: to some disorganization primarily located in the cerebellum, where VLDLR is believed to be most prominent. VLDLR is expressed on migrating neurons to help guide them to their proper location in the brain. This process is part of the reelin pathway, which is responsible for the inside-out formation of the six-layered neocortex. Despite the discovery of this pathway, many of the specifics and molecular mechanisms of this process are still being debated. The presence of two reelin receptors, VLDLR and ApoER2, has made it difficult to distinguish each protein’s specific function. VLDLR is primarily responsible for the correct layering of


title: "Japanese cruiser Yakumo" content: Japanese cruisers bombarded the harbor and defenses of Vladivostok on 6 March to little effect. Upon their return to Japan a few days later, the 2nd Division was ordered to escort the transports ferrying the Imperial Guards Division to Korea and then to join the ships blockading Port Arthur. "Yakumo" was then transferred to Rear Admiral Dewa Shigetō's 3rd Division. On 23 June, the ship was Dewa's flagship when the Pacific Squadron sortied in an abortive attempt to reach Vladivostok, but the new squadron commander, Rear Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft, ordered the squadron to return to Port Arthur when it encountered


title: "Martina Moravcová" content: Martina Moravcová Martina Moravcová (born 16 January 1976 in Piešťany, Trnava, Czechoslovakia) is a medley, butterfly and freestyle swimmer from Slovakia. She made her international swimming debut in 1991 for Czechoslovakia, and has gone on to compete in five consecutive Summer Olympics (1992–2008). She is a two-time Olympic silver medalist, both achieved at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. In the 100-meter butterfly, she finished second to Inge de Bruijn, and in the 200-meter freestyle, she finished eight one-hundredths of a second to home favorite Susie O'Neill. She is one of Slovakia's greatest female athletes, although she has lived


title: "Calisto Tanzi" content: but the appeals court upheld it in May 2010. The Corte di Cassazione reduced it to eight years and one month, after which Tanzi was imprisoned on May 5, 2011. On December 9, 2010 a court in Parma found Tanzi guilty of fraudulent bankruptcy and criminal association and sentenced him to 18 years in prison. Tanzi appealed the sentence and the appeal trial started in December 2011 in Bologna. On December 20, 2011 Tanzi was sentenced to a further nine years and two months for the Parmatour bankruptcy. Tanzi was fined €10,000 and six months ban from football for false


title: Aarmassif content: The Aarmassif is part of the Helvetic zone of the Alps, which consists of material originally from the European tectonic plate. The Aarmassif has lithologies common for Paleozoic basement rocks all over Europe, deformed and metamorphosed during the Variscan orogeny. Younger Mesozoic sedimentary rocks were eroded from this basement as a thrust fault brought the basement to the surface in the Alpine orogeny. Other places, where the European basement crops out in the Helvetic zone, are the mountain chains of the Massif des Écrins and of Mont Blanc in the French and Italian Alps. The lithologies of the basement rocks


title: "Euonymus alatus" content: Euonymus alatus Euonymus alatus, known variously as winged spindle, winged euonymus or burning bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to central and northern China, Japan, and Korea. The common name "burning bush" comes from the bright red fall color. It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its bright pink or orange fruit and attractive fall color. The species and the cultivar 'Compactus' have both gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. This plant is regarded as an invasive species of woodlands in eastern North America, and its


title: "Euonymus alatus" content: importation and sale is prohibited in the states of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine. This deciduous shrub grows to tall, often wider than tall. As with the related "Euonymus phellomanus", the stems are notable for their four corky ridges or "wings." The word "alatus" (or "alata", used formerly) is Latin for "winged," in reference to the winged branches. These structures develop from a cork cambium deposited in longitudinal grooves in the twigs' first year, unlike similar wings in other plants. The leaves are long and broad, ovate-elliptic, with an acute apex. The flowers are greenish, borne over a long period


title: "Euonymus alatus" content: in the spring. The fruit is a red aril enclosed by a four-lobed pink, yellow or orange capsule "E. alatus", Gui Jian Yu, is used in traditional Chinese medicine to remove blood stasis, promote menstruation, remove toxic materials, subside swelling, and kill insects or parasites. Euonymus alatus Euonymus alatus, known variously as winged spindle, winged euonymus or burning bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to central and northern China, Japan, and Korea. The common name "burning bush" comes from the bright red fall color. It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks


title: Xiphinema content: to healthy plants. "Xiphinema" have a two-part esophagus, which does not contain a metacorpus. A modification in the posterior end of the esophagus forms a muscular posterior bulb, which can generate a pumping action similar to that of a metacorpus in other plant parasitic nematodes. The number of males varies from abundant to sparse depending on the species. Males have paired spicules but the gubernaculum and bursa are absent. Males of different species can be characterized using the varying number and arrangement of papillae. Females have 1 or 2 ovaries. There are 296 nominal taxa, including 234 accepted species, 49


title: "Conrad Sulzer Regional Library" content: and Babka, now known as Hammond Beeby Rupert Ainge, Inc. It utilizes a German neo-classical style inspired by the prominent German-American local culture and the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The same firm also designed the Harold Washington Library. Sulzer houses custom made furniture in a German mythological theme. It was a replacement for the Frederick H. Hild Regional Library, which now is home to a branch of the Old Town School of Folk Music. Alderman Eugene Schulter was instrumental in getting funding and the political support for the library. It was opened to the public in the


title: "Lakewood Gulch" content: was swept downstream where he was found dead a few miles away on the banks of the South Platte River. The last half-mile of the creek, where the incident took place, is inside of a concrete lined channel known to occasionally flood. After the incident, the bike path adjoining the creek in this area has been permanently closed. The FasTracks "West" Corridor of the Denver RTD was built on the land adjoining and within Lakewood Gulch. The "W" light rail line opened for passenger service on April 25, 2013. Lakewood Gulch Lakewood Gulch drains a section of Lakewood and west


title: "Park Jung-sang" content: Park Jung-sang Park Jungsang (born 23 August 1984) is a Korean professional Go player. Park was born in South Korea. He became a professional in 2000, and was promoted to 4 dan in 2003. In 2004, he won his first Go competition, the SK Gas Cup. In 2006, he pulled upset victories over top players from China, South Korea, and Japan to win the 19th Fujitsu Cup. It continued South Korea's successive run of 9 straight tournament wins. His rank was increased to 6 dan due to the win. He was promoted to 9 dan in 2006. Park is active


title: "Pancho Carter" content: at the high-banked half-mile Winchester, Ind., Speedway the next day – his first races back in the cockpit of a racecar. Carter was inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 1990, and the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 1991. He drove his first Indianapolis 500 in 1974. He finished seventh, and was awarded the Rookie of the Year. In 1981 he finished third in the CART championship and captured his only Indy Car win at Michigan International Speedway. He finished third in the 1982 Indianapolis 500 behind the now-famous duel between Gordon Johncock and


title: "New Empire Theatre" content: to reverse the long decline in cinema attendances, and one of many traditional cinemas in Southend to close over a long period was the ABC. In February 1998, it showed its last film, and the venue was once again closed. On 26 July 2015, the 120-year-old theatre was devastated, following an arson attack. The fire had destroyed the theatre's much-admired first floor amphitheatre. According to a spokesman for the Essex Fire service, "the building suffered extensive damage and the roof has collapsed, largely destroying the first floor auditorium." People who bought tickets for recent shows received a refund. After the


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: Rosa × damascena Rosa" × "damascena, more commonly known as the Damask rose, or sometimes as the rose of Castile, is a rose hybrid, derived from "Rosa gallica" and "Rosa moschata". Further DNA analysis has shown that a third species, "Rosa fedtschenkoana", is associated with the Damask rose. The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". The flower petals are also edible. They may be used to flavor food, as a garnish, as an herbal tea,


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: and preserved in sugar as gulkand. The Damask rose is a deciduous shrub growing to tall, the stems densely armed with stout, curved prickles and stiff bristles. The leaves are pinnate, with five (rarely seven) leaflets. The roses are a light to moderate pink to light red. The relatively small flowers grow in groups. The bush has an informal shape. It is considered an important type of Old Rose, and also important for its prominent place in the pedigree of many other types. The hybrid is divided in two varieties: A still popular example of "R." × "damascena" is the


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: Ispahan rose. The hybrid "Rosa" × "centifolia" is derived in part from "Rosa" × "damascena", as are Bourbon, Portland and hybrid perpetual roses. The cultivar known as "Rosa gallica" forma "trigintipetala" or "Rosa damascena" 'Trigintipetala' is considered to be a synonym of "Rosa" × "damascena". 'Celsiana' is a flowering semi-double variety. "Rosa" × "damascena" is a cultivated flower that is no longer found growing wild. Its origin was by tradition the Middle East, but recent genetic tests indicate that it is a hybrid of "R. moschata" x "R. gallica" crossed with the pollen of "Rosa fedtschenkoana", which indicates that a


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: more probable origin is the foothills of central Asia, which is the home of its pollen parent. The french Crusader Robert de Brie, who took part in the Siege of Damascus in 1148 at the second crusade, is sometimes credited for bringing the Damask rose from Syria to Europe. The name of the rose refers to the city of Damascus in Syria, known for its steel (Damask steel), fabrics (Damask) and roses. Other accounts state that the ancient Romans brought it to their colonies in England, and a third account is that the physician of King Henry VIII gifted him


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: one circa 1540. There is a history of fragrance production in Kabul Province of Afghanistan from the Damask rose. An attempt has been made to restore this industry as an alternative for farmers who produce opium. "Rosa" × "damascena" is optimally cultivated in hedge rows to help protect the blooms from wind damage and to facilitate harvesting them. Gathering the flowers is intense manual labor. There are about 20–40 days per year when harvesting occurs, depending on the cultivar cultivated. The roses are gathered by hand and brought to a central location for steam distillation. Bulgaria and Turkey are the


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: most prolific producers of rose oil from the different cultivars of "Rosa" × "damascena". France and India also contribute significantly to the world market. Morocco, Tunisia, and some other Middle Eastern nations also historically produced it, but their modern contribution is negligible. Other producers are Afghanistan and Chile. The town of Kazanlak, Bulgaria was founded in 1420. Most historians assume that the cultivation of the "Kazanlak rose", as "Rosa" × "damascena" is denominated in that region, commenced around that time. It was reputedly brought to the town by a Turkish judge who introduced them from Tunisia and cultivated them in


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: his fragrant garden. It is now cultivated for commercial use in an area in the vicinity of Kazanlak denominated the "Valley of Roses". The distillate from these roses is sold as "Bulgarian Rose Oil" and "Bulgarian Rose Otto". Turkish rose oil is sold as "Rose Oil", "Turkish Rose Otto", and "Rosa Damascena Attar", or "Ittar" in similar languages. While families still operate their own small distilleries and produce what is denominated "village oil", the commercialization of rose oil as a high quality product is carefully regulated by a state cooperative in the Isparta region of Turkey. The roses are still


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: grown by the small family farms but the flowers are brought to stills established and regulated by the cooperative for distillation and quality control. India has also developed an industry producing rose oil, both "Rose Attar" and "Rose Absolutes", as well as "Rose Concrete". Perhaps due to the low labor cost, these products from India are less expensive than those from Bulgaria and Turkey. The city of Taif in Saudi Arabia is also famous for cultivation of the flower, which there is denominated "Ward Taifi". Damask roses are used in cooking as a flavouring ingredient or spice. They are an


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: ingredient in the Moroccan spice mixture denominated "ras el hanout". Rose water and powdered roses are used in Persian, Indian, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Rose water is often sprinkled on meat dishes, while rose powder is added to sauces. Chicken with rose is a popular dish in Persian cuisine. Whole flowers, or petals, are also used in the herbal tea "zuhurat". The most popular use, however, is in the flavoring of desserts such as ice cream, jam, Turkish delights, rice pudding, yogurt, etc. For centuries, the Damask rose has symbolized beauty and love. The fragrance of the rose has been


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: captured and preserved in the form of rose water by a method that can be traced to ancient times in the Middle East and later to the Indian subcontinent. Modern western cookery does not use roses or rose water much. However, it was a popular ingredient in ancient times and continued to be popular well into the Renaissance. It was most commonly used in desserts, and still is a flavour in traditional desserts such as marzipan or turrón. It has seen some revival in television cooking in the twenty-first century. Pharmacological effects of extracts from flowers from "Rosa" × "damascena"


title: "Rosa × damascena" content: have been the subject a number of scientific studies. A review article published in 2011 summarised these studies. Rosa × damascena Rosa" × "damascena, more commonly known as the Damask rose, or sometimes as the rose of Castile, is a rose hybrid, derived from "Rosa gallica" and "Rosa moschata". Further DNA analysis has shown that a third species, "Rosa fedtschenkoana", is associated with the Damask rose. The flowers are renowned for their fine fragrance, and are commercially harvested for rose oil (either "rose otto" or "rose absolute") used in perfumery and to make rose water and "rose concrete". The flower


title: "Tony Dinning" content: final triumph over Brentford. He returned to his parent club the following season, and played 44 games, helping them to win promotion as champions. However, he found himself out of favour in Wigan's subsequent second tier seasons, leading to loan spells at Walsall, Blackpool (who he captained), Ipswich Town, and finally, Bristol City, whom he eventually joined on a free transfer. At Blackpool he started the final as Blackpool won the 2003–04 Football League Trophy with a 2–0 victory over Southend United at the Millennium Stadium. With just twenty appearances, his time with Bristol City proved short-lived, and he moved


title: Lycaeninae content: Lycaeninae Lycaeninae, the coppers, are a subfamily of the gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). The relationships of the Lycaenidae are not fully resolved. Sometimes the Polyommatinae and Theclinae are included in the Lycaeninae; in particular the Theclinae tribe Eumaeini contains many similar taxa. Consequently, the delimitation of the Lycaeninae is by no means definitely resolved; many genera await conformation of placement. Regardless, it is today generally considered better to restrict the Lycaeninae to the immediate relatives of the type genus "Lycaena", and one or two clades close to that group. The Lycaenidae "sensu stricto" can be divided into two tribes: A few


title: Lycaeninae content: genera included in the Lycaeninae in the most extensive circumscriptions are now placed in subfamilies as distinct as the Lipteninae or Poritiinae. Finally, there are some genera of uncertain status as regards their systematics and taxonomic validity. They might, if valid, be members of the monophyletic Lycaeninae, but this requires confirmation: Lycaeninae Lycaeninae, the coppers, are a subfamily of the gossamer-winged butterflies (Lycaenidae). The relationships of the Lycaenidae are not fully resolved. Sometimes the Polyommatinae and Theclinae are included in the Lycaeninae; in particular the Theclinae tribe Eumaeini contains many similar taxa. Consequently, the delimitation of the Lycaeninae is by


title: "Husum (Copenhagen)" content: Husum (Copenhagen) Husum is a predominantly residential neighbourhood in the Brønshøj-Husum district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Located approximately 7 km to the northwest of the city centre, between Vestvolden and Utterslev Mose, it is centred on Frederikssundsvej and Husum Torv. The area to the north of Frederikssundsvej is dominated by Housing estates while the area to the south of the street consists mainly of single-family detached home and terraced houses. In the Middle Ages, Husum was a village. The land later belonged to Husumgård which was built in 1660 but demolished in 1738. The village consisted of 17 farms in 1782.


title: "Jonathon Keats" content: vacation home. One hundred and seventy-two lots on six Bay Area properties were bought on the first day of sales. In 2007, Keats created a mobile ring tone based on the John Cage composition "4'33"", a remix comprising precisely four minutes and 33 seconds of digital silence, sparking controversy in the classical music community, and the world of technology, while attracting a following in the world of astrology. Titled "My Cage (Silence for Cellphone)", the ringtone has since been broadcast on public radio in both the United States and Sweden, discussed in a monograph about Cage published by Yale University


title: "The Hidden II" content: The Hidden II The Hidden II is the 1993 direct-to-video sequel to the 1987 film "The Hidden". The alien criminal from the first movie is dead, but he left a few eggs which are hatching now. It is explained that on the alien's homeworld, evolution took two parallel paths: half of their race became violent criminals who live only for pleasure (the squid-like alien form briefly glimpsed in the first film), and the other half evolved beyond their base desires and even physical bodies, becoming creatures of pure energy. The good alien (Lloyd Gallagher), who still inhabits Tom Beck's body


title: "Bhavabhushan Mitra" content: that Bhavabhushan was born "about 1888," whereas he himself recalled it to be the Bengali year 1288, which corresponds to 1881. Bhavabhushan Mitra Bhavabhushan Mitra, or Bhaba Bhusan Mitter, alias Swami Satyananda Puri (1881– 27 January 1970) was a Bengali Indian freedom fighter and an influential social worker. He represented the link between two radical trends: the highly centralised spirit of showdown personified by Barindra Kumar Ghose; and the decentralised loose federation of regional units advancing in a progressive revolution, as practised by the Jugantar movement under Bagha Jatin. Born in the village of Balarampur in Jhenaidah District, now in


title: Metapolitefsi content: during Ioannides's coup. Ioannides's junta moved quickly to stifle any dissent and re-instituted repressive measures such as censorship, expulsions, arbitrary detentions and torture, performing these with far greater rigour than the Papadopoulos regime. Gone was the usual anti-communist pretext. Artists, painters, intellectuals who had publicly expressed anti-junta sentiments or created a work that criticised the junta, were automatically dispatched to the nearest neighbourhood EAT/ESA centre. The function of the EAT/ESA torture centers was to intimidate the dissidents and anyone thinking of becoming a dissident. Ioannides's government possessed all the hallmarks of a police state. People were held incommunicado and without


title: "Taylor Swift" content: she donated $250,000 to various schools around the country for improvement of education. Her other endeavors to promote literacy include donating 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania; 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee; 2,000 Scholastic books to the Reading Hospital Child Health Center's early literacy program; and 25,000 books to New York City schools in 2015. In 2007, she launched a campaign to protect children from online predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police. In 2009, Swift recorded a Sound Matters public service announcement (PSA) to make listeners aware of the importance of


title: "Estate Duty Ordinance" content: Estate Duty Ordinance The Estate Duty Ordinance is one of Hong Kong ordinances. It regulates the HK estate duty which was a tax imposed on capital asset - the net value of property situated in Hong Kong at the date of the taxpayer's death. It is chargeable irrespective of whether the deceased was a resident of Hong Kong. Cap 111 EDO Section.2 Application Cap 111 EDO Section.3 Interpretation Cap 111 EDO Section.5 Estate duty Cap 111 EDO Section.6 What property is deemed to pass on death Cap 111 EDO Section.10 Exceptions for transactions with money consideration, non-HK property, stocks &


title: "Ski jumping at the 1964 Winter Olympics" content: to that point. Fifteen nations participated in ski jumping at the Innsbruck Games. Sports-Reference - 1964 Olympics - Ski jumping Ski jumping at the 1964 Winter Olympics Ski jumping at the 1964 Winter Olympics consisted of two events held from 31 January to 9 February, with the large hill event taking place at Bergiselschanze, and the normal hill event at Seefeld. For the first time at the olympics, more than one ski jumping event was contested, with the addition of a large hill competition. Norway led the medal table with four, one gold. Since this was the first Olympics with


title: "Los Alcázares" content: sheltered and calm conditions found on the adjacent Mar Menor. An additional adjacent landing ground (later known as 'Burguete Aerodrome') became important for training Spanish Air Force pilots and was further expanded in the 1920s. Larger hangars enabled maintenance work to be carried out on aircraft from other parts of Spain such as Barcelona. The Los Alcázares airfield was used by the Spanish Republican Air Force as a training facility for military pilots and had an important role during the Spanish Civil War along with nearby El Carmolí and Santiago de la Ribera. The base ceased to have such importance


title: "Cephalanthus occidentalis" content: Cephalanthus occidentalis Cephalanthus occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to eastern and southern North America. Common names include buttonbush, common buttonbush, button-willow and honey-bells. "C. occidentalis" is a deciduous shrub or small tree that averages in height, but can reach . The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, elliptic to ovate, long and broad, with a smooth edge and a short petiole. The flowers are arranged in a dense spherical inflorescence in diameter on a short peduncle. Each flower has a fused white to pale yellow four-lobed corolla forming


title: "Cephalanthus occidentalis" content: a long slender tube connecting to the sepals. The stigma protrudes slightly from the corolla. The fruit is a spherical cluster of achenes (nutlets). There are two varieties, not considered distinct by all authorities: Buttonbush is a common shrub of many wetland habitats in its range, including swamps, floodplains, mangrove, pocosin, riparian zones, and moist forest understory. It is a member of the flora in the Everglades. Waterfowl and other birds eat the seeds. Wood ducks utilize the plant as nest protection. Deer browse the foliage. Insects and hummingbirds take the nectar, with bees using it to make honey. The


title: "Cephalanthus occidentalis" content: species occurs in eastern North America with disjunct populations occurring in the west. In Canada, it occurs from southern Ontario and Quebec east to New Brunswick. Besides the eastern United States, and eastern regions of the Midwest, notable areas range into Arizona, the Mogollon Rim, and other mountain ranges; in California, the entire San Joaquin Valley West of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, only western Texas, Arizona, and California find "C. occidentalis". "C. occidentalis" has a number of historical medicinal uses, but it is also toxic due to the presence of cephalathin. Buttonbush is cultivated as an ornamental


title: "Cephalanthus occidentalis" content: plant for a nectar source or 'honey plant' and for aesthetics in gardens and native plant landscapes, and is planted on slopes to help control erosion. Buttonbush is a suitable shrub for butterfly gardens. The town of Buttonwillow, California was named for the buttonbush ("Cephalanthus occidentalis"). A lone buttonbush served as a landmark on an old trans-San Joaquin Valley trail, and was used by ancient Yokut Indians as a meeting place. It later became the site of settlers' stock rodeos. This buttonbush tree is listed as California Historical Landmark No. 492, and is now known as the "Buttonwillow Tree." Cephalanthus


title: "Hitler: A Film from Germany" content: relics, such as the Spear of Destiny ("as owned by Thomas the Apostle, Saint Maurice, Constantine the Great, Charlemagne, Otto I, Henry IV, Frederick I Barbarossa, the Habsburg dynasty...and then "Hitler!"") and the philosopher's stone both found by Himmler's SS, Himmler's Germanic "Urpferd" (purported evolutionary ancestor to the modern horse), and Hitler's semen in a phial. This compere then also introduces the various supporting characters, each introducing themselves in third person after he has announced them. Among them is also Ellerkamp (played by ), a fictitious SS-member, later a post-war projectionist and film producer, and "The Cosmologist" (played by ).


title: "English subjunctive" content: as the subjunctive, and the form "were" may be treated just as an alternative irrealis form of "was" rather than a past subjunctive. Another case where present-subjunctive forms are distinguished from indicatives is when they are negated: compare "I recommend that they not enter the competition" (subjunctive) with "I hope that they do not enter the competition" (indicative). English has "present subjunctive" and "past subjunctive" forms, which are often similar to the "present indicative" and "past indicative" forms (the familiar present and past tense forms of verbs). Note that these terms are used here merely as names for forms that


title: "Silas L. Copeland" content: Silas L. Copeland Silas L. Copeland (April 2, 1920 – December 4, 2001) was the third Sergeant Major of the Army. He was sworn in on October 1, 1970 and served until June, 1973. He was born in Embryfield, Texas (now Staley, Texas), on April 2, 1920, and died December 4, 2001. After serving at various posts in CONUS, he was sent overseas in January 1945 and assigned to Company E, 66th Armored Regiment, 2nd Armored Division, as a tank commander and later a tank platoon sergeant. In late 1945, he returned from Germany and was stationed at Fort Hood,


title: "Islamic Courts Union" content: with the nascent national government. On 1 February 2009, the ICU faction leader, and chairman of the ARS Sharif Sheik Ahmed was elected the President of the Transitional Federal Government. Al-Shabab declared war on him and pledged to continue their attacks on the TFG. Current Event: "The ICU has undergone dramatic and rapid changes. Given their loss of control over Mogadishu and much of the rest of the country, this section may refer to the organization in the past tense. This reflects how the courts were run prior to their retreat from Mogadishu. However, the ICU is still an existing


title: "Ahmad Ghany" content: side of the road, where they arrested, handcuffed and searched Ghany. . Friends and family expressed disbelief at Ghany's arrest, stating that he was "the most quiet guy ever", and "kind of a nerd". Represented by Rocco Galati, Ghany was held at the Maplehurst Correctional Complex. He was charged under the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act with participating in a terrorist group, and training for terrorist purposes. The charges stemmed from the fact he attended a winter camp near Washago that prosecutors have alleged was planned as an opportunity to hone their terrorist skills. Ghany was only at the camp for three


title: "Qayyum Jamal" content: buy his two wives identical clothing, which they would wear when visitors came to the house, to tease him. After volunteering to clean the carpet and the washroom, and make small repairs at the Ar-Rahman mosque in Mississauga, he became an active member and began to teach Tafsir and occasionally led the prayers. Although being twice the age of the average participant, he frequently joined youths in games of Cricket and Soccer. He was also noted as fixing cars in his driveway. He claims to have been approached several times by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in the years prior


title: "Operation Dropshot" content: the time the US nuclear arsenal was limited in size, based mostly in the United States, and depended on bombers for delivery. Dropshot included mission profiles that would have used 300 nuclear bombs and 29,000 high-explosive bombs on 200 targets in 100 cities and towns to wipe out 85 percent of the Soviet Union's industrial potential at a single stroke. Between 75 and 100 of the 300 nuclear weapons were targeted to destroy Soviet combat aircraft on the ground. The scenario was devised prior to the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles, and even included the note that the entire plan


title: Lio content: "Je suis comme je suis" and the album "Chante Prévert" containing interpretations of the poems of Jacques Prévert, in 2000. After performing the songs on tour throughout France, Europe and North Africa, she released the live album "C"œ"ur de rubis" in 2004. She also appeared in over 250 performances of the theater play "Le Bébé", an adaptation of a book by Marie Darrieussecq staged by Marc Goldberg. Since 2008, Lio has been a judge on the French "pop idol" show "Nouvelle Star." In 2009, she returned to music with the rock band Phantom. In 2011, she became a judge on


title: "Portrait of an Artist, as an Old Man" content: many of Pota's ideas and drafts of possible stories, such as the sexual biography of his wife, or of Hera's trouble with Zeus. The title is evocatively similar to James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man". The main character's name "Pota" is possibly the abbreviation of the phrase "Portrait Of "The" Artist". Critical reception to the novel was mixed. Michiko Kakutani, chief book critic for The New York Times, judged that "skills Heller did possess in abundance at the height of his career are also sorely lacking in this novel", and called it "a sad coda


title: "Sensory cue" content: source of visual information when determining self-motion is optic flow. Optic flow not only indicates whether an agent is moving but in which direction and at what relative speed. Humans in particular have evolved a particularly keen ability to detect if motion is being generated by biological source, even with point light displays where dots representing the joints of an animal. Recent research suggests that this mechanism can also reveal the gender, emotional state, and action of a given human light point model. The ability to distinguish between colors allows an organism quickly and easily recognize danger since many brightly


title: "Golden Book Encyclopedia" content: nature, science, history, geography, literature, and the arts. The first edition of the encyclopedia was published in a joint venture between Simon & Schuster and Western Printing and Lithographing Company in 1946. The author of the edition was Dorothy A. Bennett and the illustrator was Cornelius De Witt. A 16-volume hardcover edition was published from 1959 to 1969; these sets were written by Bertha Morris Parker, formerly of the Laboratory Schools at the University of Chicago and research associate at the Chicago Natural History Museum. The 1988 edition lists the author as "Golden Press," and contains 4 extra volumes, making


title: "Battle for Brest" content: some 40,000 fighting men. The old fortress city of Saint-Malo was captured by the 83rd Infantry Division ("Ohio") on 17 August, but its small port facilities were sabotaged by the defenders. A German garrison stationed at nearby Cézembre Island surrendered only after days of heavy shelling by warships and strong air strikes, when their naval guns were already disabled. The aerial bombing of the island marked one of the first uses of napalm bombs. It was clear that the Germans would deny the Allies the use of French ports as long as possible by defending the fortresses built around them


title: "Ontario Highway 64" content: in 2016, as part of the ongoing freeway conversion of Highway 69. West of the interchange, the roadway continues as Daoust Lake Road. The highway travels east for approximately , where it intersects with Highway 528. At that intersection, Highway 528 continues east, while Highway 64 turns north for four kilometres to Noëlville, where it intersects with Highway 535. Highway 535 continues north, while Highway 64 heads east again for six kilometres to the community of Chartrand Corner. The highway continues, alternating in northward and eastward segments around the west arm of Lake Nipissing, crossing into Nipissing District just north


title: "Jackson Liberty High School" content: soloist awards which were awarded to Tenor Sax player Gary Basko, and Bass Guitarist Zane Decker. In 2013 in 3 straight competitions the marching band beat Jackson Memorial in overall music for the first time ever. During the 2017 band season, the JLHS Marching band one for the first time Tournament of Bands State Championship, Metropolitan Championship and Atlantic Coast Championship in the 4A division under the direction of Scott Katona. The students in the Drama Club at Jackson Liberty High School are called the AtLib Players. The Drama Club is directed by Mrs. Mathias, and Miss Hanlon (Now Mrs.


title: "Matthew 27:55-56" content: be the central witnesses to the events of Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection. The women followers of Jesus have been little mentioned in Matthew up to this point. Keener notes that the very mention of a religious leader with female followers could have been considered scandalous in this era. It was traditional for female relatives to gather around and mourn at an execution. It was very rare to execute women, so while the disciples have fled in fear of the authorities, the female followers of Jesus could expect to be free from danger. The act of serving occurs several times


title: "Vilnius Offensive" content: large part of the Soviet force was employed to reduce the German pocket east of Minsk, following the Minsk Offensive Operation, the Soviet high command decided to exploit the situation along the breach to the north, by turning mobile formations towards the major traffic centre of Vilnius, in eastern Lithuania. For the German high command, it became imperative to hold Vilnius, because without it would become almost impossible to re-establish a sustainable connection between the two German army groups, and to hold the Red Army off outside East Prussia and away from the Baltic Sea shores. "Stavka" issued a new


title: Therianthropy content: a shark, a lizard, or some other creature. This creature is corporeal, can understand human speech, and shares the same soul as its master, leading to legends which have many characteristics typical of shapeshifter tales, such as any death or injury affecting both forms at once. Among a sampled set of psychiatric patients, the belief of being part animal, or "clinical lycanthropy", is generally associated with severe psychosis, but not always with any specific psychiatric diagnosis or neurological findings. Others regard clinical lycanthropy as a delusion in the sense of the self-identity disorder found in affective and schizophrenic disorders, or


title: Pfullingen content: Emperor in the year 937 Pfullingen was first documented. Towards the end of the 14th century, Pfullingen lost due to the cities wars his town privileges to the city of Reutlingen and was captured and destroyed. The Poor Clares Monastery in Pfullingen was donated in 1250 by Miss Mechtild and Irmel. The Holy Roman Emperors roofed it with preferential rights and freedoms. The monastery Hofmeister was also an official, who managed the monastery's places Genkingen and Reicheneck. In the Reformation, the monastery was dissolved and disintegrated. 1793, the ruins were completely removed. 1487 the last noble of the place of


title: "Type 053 frigate" content: technical constraints forced the Chinese to settle for a diesel engine, powering two screws for a maximum speed of 30 knots. The Type 053Ks were armed with HQ-61 surface-to-air missiles, launched from two twin-armed launchers; these did not enter service until the mid-1980s. The 100 mm. gun armament was also delayed. This class received NATO reporting name as Jiangdong class. Only two Type 053Ks were completed, possibly due to unsatisfactory performance and the long development time for their intended armament. 531 "Yingtan" was laid down in 1970 and commissioned in 1977, and followed by 532. Both ships were withdrawn from


title: "Künzelsau" content: with the places in the Kocher valley and the surrounding plateaus. Künzelsau is no longer connected to the railway network. The city had acquired a connection to the rail system in 1892. When the Royal Württemberg State Railways opened the Kocher Valley Railway from Waldenburg to Künzelsau, it also built a station in Haag with a type I entrance building. The line was extended to Forchtenberg in 1924, giving Nagelberg a railway connection. In 1981, passenger services to Hohenlohe were closed in 1991, and this was followed by total closure of the line. Much of the former railway line was


title: "Sandra Wright Shen" content: Germany and Austria during the summers of 1995–1998, where she worked with the Alban Berg Quartet, Jörg Demus, and Grant Johannesen. Wright Shen has made guest appearances throughout the U.S. and Taiwan. Her chamber concerts have included a concert tour throughout Asia with cellist Nina Kotova and chamber concert tours in Taiwan with Vesselin Paraschkevov, former concertmaster of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Wright Shen's activities as a piano teacher include a two-year appointment at Rollins College Community School in Winter Park, Florida from 1997 to 1999; she has also performed, taught, and given master classes at numerous schools in Taiwan.


title: "Vätsäri Wilderness Area" content: It is part of Pasvik–Inari Trilateral Park along with Øvre Pasvik National Park and Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area in Norway, and the joint Norwegian–Russian Pasvik Nature Reserve. The area has a short growing season, cold winters, little precipitation and poor soil quality created by the gneiss bedrock. Lake Inari has been affected by acid rain and loss of fish from the Paatsjoki River Hydroelectric Plants. The reserve is an important habitat of the brown bear and also has a large moose population; reindeer husbandry is practiced by the Samis. Whitefish and vendace are the most common species of fish,


title: "Louisville Railway" content: Louisville Railway The Louisville Railway Company (LRC) was a streetcar and interurban rail operator in Louisville, Kentucky. It began under the name Louisville City Railway in 1859 as a horsecar operator and slowly acquired other rival companies. It was renamed in 1880 following the merger of all Mule operations as the Louisville Railway Company. All tracks were gauge. 1889 - First electric streetcar line in Louisville opened on Green St., now Liberty St. 1901 - Electrification of streetcar lines completed 1901. The Crescent Hill Mule Car Line the systems last. 1901 - Louisville & Eastern Railroad opens first interurban railway


title: "Liō" content: actually happen to Liō, (Although on the back cover of an AMP! Kids Liō book, There's a monster in my socks, they say all the monsters and robots are from his imagination.) though most of the time others turn a blind eye to it, unlike the other-worldly situations in "Calvin and Hobbes". Another notable aspect of "Liō" (reminiscent of such strips as "The Little King", "Henry" and "Ferd'nand") is its general lack of dialogue, though there are occasional vocalizations (such as "Eeck!" or "Aggh!") and there are labels on certain objects to make the gags more obvious. One-time characters have


title: "A1 Steam Locomotive Trust" content: 1980s, and was also at the Telford Steam Railway and Lavender Line heritage railways. By 1998, with the state of the finances, it was speculated that if "Tornado" could be completed on time, all maintenance costs could be funded, and there could be a genuine possibility of a second locomotive being built. Subsequent delays and rising costs meant this became more unlikely. As of 2000 the trust's chairman had expected other new build projects to have sprung up along the lines of the A1 Trust, however, despite 23 ideas of one form or another, only retro rebuilds such as GWR


title: "Shane Ramsay" content: prison and menaces Terry and Max but Shane is able to alert the police and he is returned to jail. Terry later marries Paul and Shane resumes his relationship with Daphne but once again, they break up and Daphne goes on to marry Des. Shane forms a gardening service with local doctor Clive Gibbons (Geoff Paine). Shane is worried when their first client, Beth Travers (Virginia Hey) begins showering him with gifts after he has sex with her. Beth later locks Shane in her wine cellar, but eventually releases him. Mike Young (Guy Pearce) asks Shane to coach him when


title: "The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)" content: with his dogs was shot at 6 Carlton House Terrace, St James's, London, a few doors along from the earl's actual London residence of 17 Carlton House Terrace. Other London street scenes were filmed in the Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich. The Royal Mint, opposite the Tower of London, represented Horseguards, the headquarters of the Army. The barracks scenes in the first half of the film were filmed at Beaumont Barracks in Aldershot in Hampshire, while the 'Crimea' scenes, including the Charge itself, were filmed in Turkey with the action sequences directed by Bob Simmons. "The Charge of the Light Brigade"


title: Europasaurus content: There are large numbers of marine bivalve fossils, as well as echinoderms and microfossils present in the limestone of the quarry, although many of the animals and plants were terrestrial. Many marine taxa are preserved at Langenberg, although they would not have co-existed often with "Europasaurus". There are at least three turtle genera, "Plesiochelys", "Thalassemys" and up to two unnamed taxa. Actinopterygian fish are abundant, being represented by "Lepidotes", "Macromesodon", "Proscinetes", "Coelodus", "Macrosemius", "Notagogus", "Histionotus", "Ionoscopus", "Callopterus", "Caturus", "Sauropsis", "Belonostomus", and "Thrissops". Also present are at least five distinct morphologies of hybodont sharks, the neoselachians "Palaeoscyllium", "Synechodus" and "Asterodermus". Two


title: "Houston Dynamos" content: schools and events promoting the sport of soccer. In 1985 the Dynamos brought Pele to Houston creating great interest in the sport and spreading goodwill. In 1983, the United Soccer League (USL) was formed after the second American Soccer League (ASL) folded that year. The ASL had served as the de facto U.S. second division for decades, but collapsed due to over expansion and financial insolvency. The USL intended to avoid this fate by creating a lean, financially responsible league. In 1984, the league began play with nine teams in three regional divisions. The Houston Dynamos joined the Oklahoma City


title: "Museo del Oro (TransMilenio)" content: 2002, which include Las Aguas, Avenida Jiménez, and this station. The station is named for the Museo del Oro, which is located 150 meters away. Note: the station does not provide service on Sundays and holidays. This station does not have connections to feeder routes. This station does not have inter-city service. Museo del Oro (TransMilenio) The simple-station Museo del Oro is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in the year 2000. The station is located in the very heart of Bogotá. It is located on Avenida Jiménez just five meters from Carrera Séptima. The station


title: "Zhao Lei (Three Kingdoms)" content: Zhao Lei (Three Kingdoms) Zhao Lei (died 220 A.D.), courtesy name Kansui (闞穗), was a military officer serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhao Lei was a controller (都督) under Guan Yu. In 220, Zhao Lei was captured by Sun Quan's general Ma Zhong after Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province, along with Guan Yu and Guan Ping. In Chapter 73 of Luo Guanzhong's novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", when Guan Yu was attacking Fancheng, Wang Fu recommended that Zhao Lei be left to defend Jingzhou, but Guan Yu instead appointed Zhao as


title: "Ernst Falkbeer" content: he started the first Austrian chess magazine, "Wiener Schachzeitung", which lasted only a few months. He went to London where he played two matches against Henry Bird. Falkbeer lost the 1856 match (+1 −2), but won the 1856/7 match (+5 −4 =4). At the Birmingham 1858 knockout tournament he beat Saint-Amant in round two (+2 −1), but lost in the round four final to Johann Löwenthal (+1 −3 =4) to finish second. Falkbeer edited a chess column for "The Sunday Times" from April 1857 to November 1859. He returned to Vienna in 1864, later writing a chess column in "Neue


title: "Springbok, Northern Cape" content: Springbok, Northern Cape Springbok is the largest town in the Namaqualand area in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It was called Springbokfontein, until 1911, when it was shortened to Springbok. Springbok is located on the N7 national route which connects the Cape with Namibia, and at the western end of the N14, which connects it with Upington and Pretoria. It is the main town of the Nama Khoi Local Municipality, which also includes a number of surrounding towns such as Okiep and Nababeep. The town lies at an elevation of in a narrow valley between the high granite


title: "Aurora Pijuan" content: Aurora Pijuan Aurora McKenney Pijuan (born 1949), of the Philippines, is the Miss International 1970 titleholder. She comes from Bacolod and is a graduate of Saint Scholastica's College (batch 1967). A product of the 1970 Binibining Pilipinas beauty pageant, Aurora was sent to Osaka, Japan to compete, and eventually win, Miss International 1970. Her victory meant that the Philippines is the first country to win the title twice. She went on to marry golfer and basketball coach Tomas Manotoc in the Dominican Republic. The couple has a son, now ABS-CBN sportscaster TJ, and a daughter named Mavis. The marriage ended


title: "Rudi van Dantzig" content: Rudi van Dantzig Rudi van Dantzig (4 August 1933 – 19 January 2012) was a Dutch choreographer, company director, and writer. He was a pivotal figure in the rise to world renown of Dutch ballet in the latter half of the twentieth century. Van Dantzig was born in Amsterdam, where his father, Murk van Dantzig, worked in a Fokker aircraft factory. His parents held strongly leftwing views, espousing Marxism, advocating pacifism, and promoting Esperanto. He was six years old when the German army defeated Dutch forces in the Battle of the Netherlands in May 1940 and occupied the country at


title: "Dancing Diva" content: Dancing Diva Dancing Diva () is the eighth studio album by Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai. It was released on 12 May 2006, by Capitol Music Taiwan. Emboldened by her success, Tsai signed a recording deal with Capitol where she immediately began working on her next release in February 2006. In May 2006, Tsai debuted the title track, "Dancing Diva", at the MTV Asia Awards 2006, and sparked controversy for the dance moves of rhythmic gymnastics during performing the song. The sexually-charged album exceeded all expectations by selling more than 2.5 millions copies in Asia, with more than 260,000 copies sold


title: Viktualienmarkt content: Viktualienmarkt The Viktualienmarkt is a daily food market and a square in the center of Munich, Germany. The Viktualienmarkt developed from an original farmers' market to a popular market for gourmets. In an area covering , 140 stalls and shops offer flowers, exotic fruit, game, poultry, spices, cheese, fish, juices and so on. Most stalls and shops are open during the official opening hours (Monday to Saturday 8 a.m. until 8 p.m.); but the Biergarten doesn't open until 9 a.m. Many stalls close at 6 p.m., before the standard closing time. There are special opening hours for flower shops, bakeries


title: Viktualienmarkt content: and restaurants. When today's Marienplatz (the former Schrannenplatz) as a store for cereals and other agricultural products had become too small, Viktualienmarkt as its official successor evolved where it is still situated today due to a decree issued by King Maximilian I on 2. May, 1807. The King ordered that those parts of the market between Heiliggeist Church and Frauenstraße should be relocated and told the municipal authorities to demolish the buildings of the charitable Heiliggeist hospice which had been acquired by the city. Thus the "green market" had its own place, which was also named "market place" for some


title: Viktualienmarkt content: time. It was only later that the word "Viktualien" (victuals), which is a Latin word for food, was used. From 1823 to 1829 the central market already had to be enlarged significantly. In 1885 the ancient Heiliggeist infirmary was demolished and the Heiliggeist Church was extended to the west. Thus a new image was created for both the market and the city. In 1852 the precursor of today's Großmarkthalle, the Schrannenhalle, was built close to the ancient city wall at the end of Blumenstraße. It burned down in 1932 and was reopened in 2005. In 1855 the fish market was


title: Viktualienmarkt content: moved to Westenriederstraße. In the course of time many additions were made to the market, as for example a butchers' hall, a tripe hall, pavilions for bakeries, fruit vendors and a fish hall. The butchers' shops at the foot of Petersbergl (Peter's hill, site of Peter's Church), the stalls for poultry and venison and the stands of the flower vendors expanded even further. During World War II this square with its cosy atmosphere was severely damaged. There was even talk of closing down the market in order to erect multi-story buildings on this important site. Instead, the municipal authorities revitalised


title: Viktualienmarkt content: Viktualienmarkt with considerable financial support, and the citizens of Munich enriched it with memorial fountains for the folk singers and comedians Karl Valentin, Weiß Ferdl and Liesl Karlstadt. Later, memorial fountains for the folk singers and comedians Ida Schumacher, Elise Aulinger and Roider Jackl were added. In a 2009 New York Times article about meals worth a plane trip across the Atlantic, food critic Mimi Sheraton picked a snack of sausages at the Viktualienmarkt. The market also hosts a number of traditional and folkloric events such as weighing celebrities, brewers' day, gardeners' day, opening of the asparagus season, summer festival,


title: Viktualienmarkt content: dance of the market women on Shrove Tuesday, etc. Hence the Viktualienmarkt, which has been a pedestrian zone since November 6, 1975 is also a meeting point. The Viktualienmarkt is organized by the Wholesale Market Munich. The Wholesale Market Munich, together with Viktualienmarkt, Elisabethmarkt, Pasing Viktualienmarkt, Wiener Markt and the Weekly Markets in Munich, is a municipal company run by the City of Munich. Viktualienmarkt The Viktualienmarkt is a daily food market and a square in the center of Munich, Germany. The Viktualienmarkt developed from an original farmers' market to a popular market for gourmets. In an area covering ,


title: "Amzie Moore" content: recalled Margaret Block, a friend. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Andrew Young, John Lewis, Thurgood Marshall, and Rev. Jesse Jackson were some of his guests. Amzie Moore Amzie Moore (September 23, 1911 – February 1, 1982) was an African-American civil rights leader and entrepreneur in the Mississippi Delta. Moore was born in 1911 on the Wilkin plantation near the Grenada and Carroll county lines. Proud of his family roots, Moore liked to tell about his grandfather, born a slave and who lived to be 104: “He couldn't read or write, yet he accumulated more than a section of land and