title: "Maianthemum racemosum" content: related "Polygonatum" (Solomon's seal), is suitable for cultivation in moist, humus-rich soil in a woodland setting or in dappled shade. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The young shoots, while still tender and stripped of their leaves, can be simmered in water and eaten. Their delicate flavor is somewhat reminiscent of asparagus. However, they should not be collected for this purpose unless they are obviously abundant. Although the young shoots are edible, the plant becomes too fibrous and bitter to enjoy after it completes flowering and seed setting stages. The Ojibwa Indians harvested the roots


title: "Maianthemum racemosum" content: of this plant and cooked them in lye water overnight to remove the bitterness and neutralize their strong laxative qualities. When young, "Maianthemum racemosum" may closely resemble members of the genus "Veratrum", a highly toxic plant to which it is distantly related. Consequently, this plant should not be consumed unless identification is positive. Maianthemum racemosum Maianthemum racemosum (treacleberry, feathery false lily of the valley, false Solomon's seal, Solomon's plume or false spikenard; syn. "Smilacina racemosa", "Vagnera racemosa") is a species of flowering plant native to North America. It is a common, widespread plant known from every US state except Hawaii,


title: "1935–36 NHL season" content: $40,000 and suspended operations. Chicago would not participate in the dispersal draft, while St. Louis would not have another NHL team until 1967. During the season, the New York Americans were reported in financial trouble and were up for sale. Leo Dandurand, who had sold his interest in the Montreal Canadiens, was interested as was Joseph Cattarinich. Cattarinich said he would buy the team if the price was right. Later it was announced there would be no deal. Howie Morenz played badly for Chicago and incurred the wrath of Chicago owner Frederic McLaughlin. He was subsequently traded to the New


title: "Proof complexity" content: different propositional proof systems. Different propositional proof systems for propositional logic, such as the sequent calculus, the cutting-plane method, resolution, etc., may provide different proofs for the same formula. Proof complexity measures the efficiency of the proof system usually in terms of the minimal size of proofs possible in the system for a given tautology (or dually, and unsatisfiable formula). Two points make the study of proof complexity non-trivial: The first point is taken into account by comparing the size of a proof of a formula with the size of the formula. This comparison is made using the usual assumptions


title: Culchie content: of culchie cliché". "Culch.ie" is an Irish pop-culture blog with a name derived from the term (<samp>.ie</samp> is the country code top-level domain name for Ireland). The site still exists but is no longer active. The Culchie Festival started in 1989 in Clonbur, County Galway and ran until 2012. The festival took place in many towns and villages throughout Ireland in its search to find an exemplary culchie or "village character" – a local (perhaps even parochial) personality with the ability to entertain at will and excel at various stereotypically rural tasks. The festival was held in late October each


title: "Graveyard of the Atlantic" content: full of many mysteries, pirates, shipwrecks, and treasures. Rev. Andrew LeMercier was a French Huguenot priest from Boston who was trying to colonize the island in 1738. On this mysterious island, there are approximately 300 wild horses that are believed to be the descendants of survivors of those that were introduced by Rev. Andrew. These horses still feed off the wild grass and fresh water sources throughout the island, mainly staying near Lake Wallace. Lake Wallace is currently off-limits to anyone without a permit from the Canadian Coast Guard, as the island is now a nature reserve filled with many


title: "Gambel's quail" content: Gambel's quail The Gambel's quail ("Callipepla gambelii") is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It inhabits the desert regions of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Sonora; also New Mexico-border Chihuahua and the Colorado River region of Baja California. The Gambel's quail is named in honor of William Gambel, a 19th-century naturalist and explorer of the Southwestern United States. The species is not as widely introduced as the related California quail. It was however released on San Clemente Island in 1912 by Charles T. Howland et al., where it is currently still established.


title: "Gambel's quail" content: The "Callipepla gambelii" birds are easily recognized by their top knots and scaly plumage on their undersides. Gambel's quail have bluish-gray plumage on much of their bodies, and males have copper feathers on the top of their heads, black faces, and white stripes above their eyes. The bird's average length is with a wingspan of . These birds have relatively short, rounded wings and long, featherless legs. Its diet consists primarily of plant matter and seeds. Gambel's quail can be commonly confused with California quail due to similar plumage. They can usually be distinguished by range, but when this does


title: "Gambel's quail" content: not suffice, California quail have a more scaly appearance and the black patch on the lower breast of the male Gambel's quail is absent in the California quail. The two species are sister taxa which diverged during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene, 1 to 2 mya. There are two recognized subspecies: Gambel's quail primarily move about by walking and can move surprisingly fast through brush and undergrowth. They are a non-migratory species and are rarely seen in flight. Any flight is usually short and explosive, with many rapid wingbeats, followed by a slow glide to the ground. In the


title: "Gambel's quail" content: late summer, fall, and winter, the adults and immature young congregate into coveys of many birds. In the spring, Gambel's quail pair off for mating and become very aggressive toward other pairs. The chicks are decidedly more insectivorous than adults, gradually consuming more plant matter as they mature. Gambel's quail are monogamous and rarely breed in colonies. The female typically lays 10–12 eggs in a simple scrape concealed in vegetation, often at the base of a rock or tree. Incubation lasts from 21–23 days, usually performed by the female and rarely by the male. The chicks are precocial, leaving the


title: "Gambel's quail" content: nest with their parents within hours of hatching. There is an annual hunt for this bird in some places. The hunting season usually lasts from October to February. Gambel's quail The Gambel's quail ("Callipepla gambelii") is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It inhabits the desert regions of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Sonora; also New Mexico-border Chihuahua and the Colorado River region of Baja California. The Gambel's quail is named in honor of William Gambel, a 19th-century naturalist and explorer of the Southwestern United States. The species is not as widely


title: "David Levine" content: saying this and this about so-and-so, and you have to come up with something which is approved by an editor. I almost never had to get an approval. In forty years I may have run into a disagreement with "The New York Review" maybe two times." However, as his son Matthew Levine wrote in 1979, on at least three occasions "The New York Times" refused to print works it had specifically commissioned David Levine to draw for its Op-Ed page, including cartoons of Henry Kissinger, Richard Nixon, and former New York mayor Ed Koch. In 1967 he was elected into


title: "Jaime Caruana" content: Jaime Caruana Jaime Caruana (born 14 March 1952) is a Spanish economist. He served as the General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements from 1 April 2009 to 30 November 2017. He was also the Governor of the Bank of Spain from July 2000 to July 2006. Caruana was born in Valencia, and graduated in telecommunications engineering from the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) in 1974. He served a six-year term as Bank of Spain Governor, beginning 21 July 2000 and ending in 12 July 2006. Currently he is a member of the influential Washington-based financial advisory body, the


title: "Constance Collier" content: Hepburn "inherited" Collier's secretary Phyllis Wilbourn, who remained with Hepburn as her secretary for 40 years. Collier has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She died of a heart attack in Manhattan on 25 April 1955 at the age of 77. The marriage to L'Estrange produced no children and she never remarried. Silent Sound Met Opera archives with quotes from various music critics on the premier of Peter Ibettson Constance Collier Constance Collier (22 January 1878 – 25 April 1955) was an English stage and film actress and acting coach. Born Laura Constance Hardie in Windsor, Berkshire to


title: Underweight content: are the terminal associated causes." People who are malnutrative underweight raise special concerns, as not only gross caloric intake may be inadequate, but also intake and absorption of other vital nutrients, especially essential amino acids and micro-nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. In women, being severely underweight as a result of an eating disorder, or due to excessive strenuous exercise can result in amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), infertility and, if gestational weight gain is too low, possible complications during pregnancy. Malnourishment can also cause anemia and hair loss. Being underweight is an established risk factor for osteoporosis, even for young


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: Lilac-breasted roller The lilac-breasted roller ("Coracias caudatus") is an African member of the roller (or Coraciidae) family of birds. It is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, and is a vagrant to the southern Arabian Peninsula. It prefers open woodland and savanna, and it is for the most part absent from treeless places. Usually found alone or in pairs, it perches conspicuously at the tops of trees, poles or other high vantage points from where it can spot insects, lizards, scorpions, snails, small birds and rodents moving about on the ground. Nesting takes place in a natural hole in a tree


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: where a clutch of 2–4 eggs is laid, and incubated by both parents, who are extremely aggressive in defence of their nest, taking on raptors and other birds. During the breeding season the male will rise to a fair height (10 to 12 metres), descending in swoops and dives, while uttering harsh, discordant cries. The sexes are alike in coloration, and juveniles lack the long tail streamers of adults. This species is unofficially considered the national bird of Kenya. Alternate names for the lilac-breasted roller include the fork-tailed roller, lilac-throated roller (also used for a subspecies of purple roller) and


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: Mosilikatze's roller. It is one of eight species in genus "Coracias", a group native to the open woodlands of western Eurasia and Africa. Two subspecies are recognized: Though not parapatric (their breeding ranges do not meet) there is no evidence of behavioural or ecological differences that would support "C. c. lorti" as a separate species. In the field, these robust, large-headed birds are often perched alone on a tree in a grassy clearing, and are almost unmistakable with their colourful plumage tones. The lilac throat of the nominate subspecies "C. c. caudatus" deepens into a darker lilac breast. The crown


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: to mantle is olive, and the cheeks and ear coverts a lilac-rufous. In subspecies "C. c. lorti" however, the crown to mantle is greenish blue instead of olive, and the breast azure. The throat is lilac, and some lilac-throated rollers have a lilac patch or rufous-brown tinges on the lower abdomen. Both subspecies have long, black outermost tail streamers that are absent in juveniles. Lilac-breasted rollers are not sexually dimorphic though males may be slightly larger than females. Juveniles, immatures and adults have the largest alula feather dark blue, but the primary coverts and rest of the alula azure. The


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: proximal half of the remiges are also a brilliant azure, and the distal half black on the inner web, and dark purple blue on the outer webs. Juveniles have the throat and breast rufous-tawny with broad diffuse buffy-white streaks. Immatures have the breast buffy with occasional lilac feathers and diffuse pale streaking. The average mass is 104 grams, and length ranges from 36 to 38 centimeters (inclusive of the tail streamer of 8-9 cm). These acrobatic fliers have an average wingspan range of 50 to 58 cm. Unique to rollers (family Coraciidae) are syndactyl feet, in which the second and


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: third digits are fused. They may be confused with the sleeker Abyssinian roller in the Turkana Basin of Kenya, which however has dark blue upper tail coverts, an azure breast and distinctly spatulate tail streamers. Besides spatulate tail streamers, pinkish-breasted racket-tailed rollers have darker greater remige coverts and darker blue primary coverts. The call of a lilac-breasted roller is a harsh, sawing "rak rak rak" that is given during flight. Usually, the bird will perch to sing. Lilac-breasted rollers are found throughout eastern and southern Africa, and occurs locally at sea level, and up to 2,000 metres above sea level


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: or over. Their range extends from the Red Sea coast of Eritrea through East Africa (including Zanzibar) to southern Africa, where they occur commonly in Namibia (excluding the Namib Desert), Botswana, Zimbabwe, and northeastern South Africa. The nominate subspecies "C. c. caudatus" is non-migratory, but a measure of post-breeding dispersal occurs into miombo woodland or sandy areas, before they return to the breeding areas at the start of the rains. Its counterpart, the lilac-throated roller ("C. c. lorti") migrates from northeast Kenya to northwest Somalia to breed from late April to mid-September. The latter subspecies is also a vagrant to


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: Eritrea, Oman and Yemen. Lilac-breasted rollers are most abundant in Kenya, though the species is less abundant than in former times. Both subspecies live in open savannah habitats with scattered trees and shrubs, as the birds require higher perches for feeding and nesting. Less often they frequent riverine vegetation and light forest, and may enter subdesert steppe or open grassland where any elevated perches may be used. In protected areas, lilac-breasted rollers are among the bird species that frequent the verges of roads, especially during fires, when the small animals and insects that emerge from cover are easily predated. However,


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: lilac-breasted rollers avoid other human-influenced areas and are not found in urban or rural areas unless they are abandoned. Outside of protected areas such as national parks, lilac-breasted rollers may infrequently be seen when farmers burn land for agricultural use. Such brush fires stir up insects and other invertebrates, and birds can be seen swooping in for easy prey. Both subspecies are probably monogamous and nest solitary. The sexes are not readily distinguishable, and their displays have not been definitively linked to either male or female. Pairs are protective of their nest and one of the pair will fly in


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: a rolling pattern as a territorial display against intruders or to detract nest predators. During courtship, a lilac-breasted roller will fly upwards and then tip forward with the wings closed, before flapping to gain speed towards the ground. While leveling out at highest speed the bird will roll to the left and right a few times, uttering a harsh, raucous "kaaa, kaarsh", before swooping up again. The display may end with a harsh chuckling. Lilac-throated rollers breed from late April to mid-September in Somalia, while lilac-breasted rollers breed at various times of the year, depending on the location. They build


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: flat nests of grass in a baobab, dead coconut, casuarina or "Terminalia" tree. The nest is situated in a hollowed out tree cavity some off the ground, or even in the side of a termite mound. Lilac-breasted rollers do not create the cavities themselves, but take over nest spaces that have been previously hollowed out by woodpeckers or kingfishers. Typically, lilac-breasted rollers in Somalia will lay three to four eggs per breeding season. In southern Africa, the average clutch size ranges from two to four eggs. Male and female partners will take turns incubating the eggs for 22 to 24


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: days. Hatchlings are born altricial, becoming fully feathered after 19 days. The diet of the lilac-breasted roller consists of arthropods and small vertebrates, including ground-dwelling insects, spiders, scorpions, centipedes and millipedes, snails, and a variety of small vertebrates, including small birds. Slow-moving lizards, chameleons and snakes, and the blind, burrowing "Afrotyphlops" and "Leptotyphlops " species are especially vulnerable to them when crossing roads. In East Africa, they join other perch hunters like Taita fiscals and pale flycatchers to make opportunistic use of grassland fires, and in South Africa are likewise seen in association with kites, storks, swallows and bee-eaters when


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: burning of firebreaks drive small animals unto roads. Because they feed mainly on terrestrial prey, lilac-breasted rollers will perch to scout from a higher vantage point (including from atop of large herbivorous mammals) before swooping in and grabbing prey with their beaks. If their prey is small, they will swallow it on the ground. These aggressive birds will carry larger prey back to a perch and beat it until it is dismembered. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the lilac-breasted roller is of least concern. The large range and stable population size contribute


title: "Lilac-breasted roller" content: to this assessment. Lilac-breasted roller The lilac-breasted roller ("Coracias caudatus") is an African member of the roller (or Coraciidae) family of birds. It is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, and is a vagrant to the southern Arabian Peninsula. It prefers open woodland and savanna, and it is for the most part absent from treeless places. Usually found alone or in pairs, it perches conspicuously at the tops of trees, poles or other high vantage points from where it can spot insects, lizards, scorpions, snails, small birds and rodents moving about on the ground. Nesting takes place in a natural hole


title: "Fitler Square, Philadelphia" content: Improvement Association engaged a large project (approximately $40,000) funded by neighborhood donations and a $7,000 grant from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society to change the fountain into one that recirculates all of its water with a pumping system saving huge amounts of water each year. The Philadelphia School, a private institution, is located in the Fitler Square Neighborhood at 2501 Lombard St. The school, which originally opened in 1972, offers preschool through 8th grade classes. The Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Philadelphia City Institute on the first floor and lower level of an apartment complex at 1905 Locust Street. Fitler


title: "Palais de Chaillot" content: Palais de Chaillot The Palais de Chaillot is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. For the Exposition Internationale of 1937, the old Palais du Trocadéro was demolished and replaced by the "Palais de Chaillot" which now tops the hill. It was designed in classicizing "moderne" style by architects Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and Léon Azéma. Like the old palais, the palais de Chaillot features two wings shaped to form a wide arc: indeed, these wings were built on the foundations of those of the former building. However, unlike


title: "Palais de Chaillot" content: the old palais, the wings are independent buildings and there is no central element to connect them: instead, a wide esplanade leaves an open view from the place du Trocadéro to the Eiffel Tower and beyond. The buildings are decorated with quotations by Paul Valéry, and sculptural groups at the attic level by Raymond Delamarre, Carlo Sarrabezolles and Alfred Bottiau. The eight gilded figures on the terrace of the Rights of Man are attributed to the sculptors Alexandre Descatoire, Marcel Gimond, Jean Paris dit Pryas, Paul Cornet, Lucien Brasseur, Robert Couturier, Paul Niclausse, and Félix-Alexandre Desruelles. The buildings now house


title: "Palais de Chaillot" content: a number of museums: It was on the front terrace of the palace that Adolf Hitler was pictured during his short tour of the city in 1940, with the Eiffel Tower in the background. This became an iconic image of the Second World War. In 1948, the Palais de Chaillot hosted the third United Nations General Assembly, and, in 1951, the sixth General Assembly. It is in the Palais de Chaillot that the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948. This event is now commemorated by a stone, and the esplanade is


title: "Palais de Chaillot" content: known as the "esplanade des droits de l'homme" ("esplanade of human rights"). The Palais de Chaillot was also the initial headquarters of NATO, while the "Palais de l'OTAN" (now Université Paris Dauphine) was being built. Palais de Chaillot The Palais de Chaillot is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. For the Exposition Internationale of 1937, the old Palais du Trocadéro was demolished and replaced by the "Palais de Chaillot" which now tops the hill. It was designed in classicizing "moderne" style by architects Louis-Hippolyte Boileau, Jacques Carlu and


title: "Southern hawker" content: Southern hawker The southern hawker or blue hawker ("Aeshna cyanea") is a species of hawker dragonfly. The species is one of the most common and most widespread dragonflies in Europe. The total range is West Palearctic and covers a large part of Europe (to Scotland and southern Scandinavia in the North to Italy (without the Southwest) and the northern Balkans to the South); the Eastern boundary is formed by the Ural and the West by Ireland. It is also found in Northwest Africa (Algeria). In Central Europe the species is very common. These dragonflies mainly inhabit well-vegetated, small ponds and


title: "Southern hawker" content: garden ponds, but they wander widely, and they are is often seen in gardens and open woodland. "Aeshna cyanea" can reach a body length of about , with a wingspan up to . It is a large, brightly coloured dragonfly, with a long body. The thorax is brown, with two ante-humeral wide green longitudinal stripes. On the forehead there is a black spot in the form of the letter T. The wings are hyaline with a dark pterostigma. The leading edge of the wings is dark. Males have a dark abdomen with bright apple green markings, except for the last


title: "Southern hawker" content: segments S8-10 of the abdomen, where the markings are pale blue and joined. In the females, the abdomen is brownish with bright green markings. The eyes of the males are blue or greenish-blue, while in the females they are yellowish green or brownish. Flight period of these insects lasts from June to October, with some specimen visible in May and November. The adults of the southern hawker feed on various insects, caught on the wing. This is an inquisitive species and will approach people. These dragonflies breed in still or slow-flowing water. The males are often seen patrolling by a


title: "Southern hawker" content: ponds edge or river, where they fight away intruders, crashing into rival males and spiralling through the air. The females are quite inconspicuous when they lay their eggs, but they sometimes give away their spot by clattering up from the reeds. The eggs are laid by jabbing the abdomen into rotting vegetation or wood. The eggs hatch in the spring, after being laid in the previous summer or autumn. The nymphs feed on aquatic insects, small tadpoles, invertebrates and small fish. They emerge as adults in July and August after two-three years’ development. As the Arthropods possess an exoskeleton which


title: "Southern hawker" content: provides support and defends the animal from mechanical injury, but limits growth. Consequently "Aeshna cyanea" periodically shed in a process referred to as moulting Moulting phase. Southern hawker The southern hawker or blue hawker ("Aeshna cyanea") is a species of hawker dragonfly. The species is one of the most common and most widespread dragonflies in Europe. The total range is West Palearctic and covers a large part of Europe (to Scotland and southern Scandinavia in the North to Italy (without the Southwest) and the northern Balkans to the South); the Eastern boundary is formed by the Ural and the West


title: "Lucien Tesnière" content: the 16th of February 1915. He was interned in the camp at Merseburg with 4000 other prisoners from all nationalities. During his 40 months of captivity, he continued his intense study of languages. He also worked for the German authorities as a French-English-Russian-Italian-German interpreter. He continued his studies at the Sorbonne after the war. He studied with Joseph Vendryes, and at the Collège de France he was under the tutelage of Antoine Meillet, a prominent linguist at the time. Tesnière was then invited as a lecturer to the University of Ljubljana (now the capital of Slovenia), where he wrote his


title: "Lucien Tesnière" content: Tesnière was interested in keeping the number of principle syntactic categories to a minimum. He acknowledged just four basic categories of content words: nouns (O), verbs (I), adjectives (A), and adverbs (E). The abbreviations he used for these words (O, I, A, E) match the last letter of the corresponding Esperanto designations. In addition to these four basic content words, he also posited two types of function words, "indices" and "translatives". He took articles (definite and indefinite) and clitic pronouns to be indices, and typical translatives were subordinators (subordinate conjunctions) and prepositions. The main task translatives perform is to transfer


title: "Aquilegia vulgaris" content: Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia vulgaris (European columbine, common columbine, granny's nightcap, granny's bonnet) is a species of columbine native to Europe. It is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1.2 m tall, with branched, thinly hairy stems. The leaves are biternate; each leaf has three groups of three leaflets. The flowers, in various shades of purple, blue, pink and white, are pendent or horizontal with hooked spurs, and appear in early summer. The Latin specific epithet "vulgaris" means “common”. This species and various hybrids derived from it are popular garden flowers, available in a variety of single colours and bi-colours,


title: "Aquilegia vulgaris" content: in single and double forms. Though perennial, cultivars may be short-lived and thus best treated as biennials. Spent flower-heads should be removed to prevent the plant going to seed. Cultivars include the Barlow series (‘Nora Barlow’, 'Black Barlow', 'Rose Barlow', 'Christa Barlow'), 'Pretty Bonnets'. Seeds may be sold as mixtures. The white flowering cultivar 'Nivea' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Aphids and sawfly larvae may attack the plant. In traditional herbalism columbine was considered sacred to Venus; carrying a posy of it was said to arouse the affections of a loved one. Nicholas Culpeper recommended


title: "Aquilegia vulgaris" content: the seeds taken in wine to speed the process of childbirth. In modern herbal medicine it is used as an astringent and diuretic. The plant is a member of the poisonous Ranunculus family and all parts of the plant, including the seeds, are poisonous if ingested. The dried crushed seeds made into a dusting powder will kill lice very effectively. It is possible that inhaling the crushed seeds dust or otherwise absorbing oils from them may cause poisoning or at minimum exhibit symptoms of poisoning. The acute toxicity test in mice showed that ethanol extract and the main flavonoid compound


title: "Aquilegia vulgaris" content: isocytisoside from the leaves and stems of "Aquilegia vulgaris" can be classified as nontoxic since a dose of 3000 mg/kg did not cause mortality in mice. Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia vulgaris (European columbine, common columbine, granny's nightcap, granny's bonnet) is a species of columbine native to Europe. It is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1.2 m tall, with branched, thinly hairy stems. The leaves are biternate; each leaf has three groups of three leaflets. The flowers, in various shades of purple, blue, pink and white, are pendent or horizontal with hooked spurs, and appear in early summer. The Latin


title: Paniala content: Paniala. Thus the name "Pani wala" became "Paniala" with the passage of time. Water is, nonetheless, still supplied to numerous villages on the east, west and south from Paniala even now through pipelines, though. The green grassland comprises sandy area and a population of 120,000 citizens. The inhabitant comprises Marwats, Khels, Hashmis, Janjua and Qureshis. The local language spoken is Pashto with soft and sweet dialect. The prominent shrine of Haji Baba and two important graves of Sahabis are also situated. Famous fruits of the town are Mangoes and Dates. "Dhakki" is one of the famous and delicious amongst all


title: Chilopsis content: Chilopsis Chilopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing the single species Chilopsis linearis. It is a shrub or tree native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. The common name is desert willow or desert-willow because of its willow-like leaves, but it is a member of the catalpa family, Bignoniaceae. It is commonly seen in washes and along riverbanks at elevations below 1800m in its range. Ranging from 1.5 to as much as 8 meters in height, it can take the form of a shrub or small tree. The linear, curved, deciduous leaves are 10 to 26 cm


title: Chilopsis content: long and just a few millimeters wide. The generic name is derived from the Greek words "χεῖλος", ("cheilos"), meaning "lip," and "ὄψις" ("opsis"), meaning "resembling," referring to the flowers. They occur in a terminal panicle or raceme, blooming in May through September. About two to four flowers at a time are open in each inflorescence. The calyx is about 8–14 mm, slightly inflated, and varying shades of purple, while the corolla is 2–5 cm, and with colors ranging from lavender to light pink. The throat and lower lip has a pattern of yellow ridges and purple lines, and the margins


title: Chilopsis content: are crinkled. It is pollinated primarily by large bees in the family Apidae, such as carpenter bees, bumblebees, "Anthophora", and "Centris". The fruit is a linear pod up to 35 cm long, containing numerous winged seeds. There are two subspecies: It is cultivated for its large, showy flowers, and tolerance of hot, dry climates. Although the natural growth is a very irregular shape, it can be readily pruned into a conventional tree shape. A number of cultivars have been selected. Some, such as 'Rio Salado', have dark purple or magenta flowers. Chilopsis may survive temperatures as low as 10 degrees


title: Chilopsis content: F (-12 °C). "Chilopsis" is closely related to the genus "Catalpa" and hybrids can be made between the two genera. The nothogeneric hybrid between "Chilopsis linearis" and "Catalpa bignonioides" has been named ×"Chitalpa tashkentensis". It originated in a botanic garden at Tashkent in Uzbekistan. Parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine. It has been used to treat fungal infections such as candidiasis and athlete's foot, as well as wounds and cough. The wood was used to make bows and baskets. Chilopsis Chilopsis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing the single species Chilopsis linearis. It is


title: "Antoine Vermette" content: Antoine Vermette Antoine Vermette (born July 20, 1982) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who is currently an unrestricted free agent of the National Hockey League (NHL). Vermette previously played in the NHL for the Ottawa Senators, Columbus Blue Jackets, Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks and Anaheim Ducks. Drafted in the second round, 55th overall in 2000 by Ottawa, Vermette was a member of the 2007 Senators team that appeared in the 2007 Stanley Cup Final. Vermette won the Stanley Cup in 2015 with the Chicago Blackhawks. Vermette played four seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). Upon


title: "Hessischer Rundfunk" content: service targeted principally at young people, the station has aged together with its audience. hr4 is aimed at an older listenership. It broadcasts regional news and German popular music ("schlagers") and "evergreens", as well as instrumental music, folk, and light classical music. hr-info is a 24-hour news radio. On weekday daytime, it provides rolling news every 20 minutes. At all other times (except overnight), it broadcasts special in-depth-reports on a range of topics, alongside a quick news summary every half-hour. YOU FM is hr's music programme for young people. It has also become famous outside of Hessen and Germany for


title: "Stu Maschwitz" content: the California Institute of the Arts. In 2007 he authored the book "The DV Rebel's Guide: An All-Digital Approach to Making Killer Action Movies on the Cheap" for Peachpit Press. In 2008 following the suspension of The Orphanage he became software director of Red Giant Software. In October 2009 it was announced in "The Hollywood Reporter" that he would direct "Psy-Ops". Stu Maschwitz Stuart T. Maschwitz, commonly known as Stu Maschwitz, was the co-founder and chief technology officer of The Orphanage, a visual effects company that was based in California. He has worked as senior visual effects supervisor on several


title: "1933–34 NHL season" content: The Leafs' Red Horner took offence to the hit, and subsequently knocked out Shore with a punch. Shore was forgiven after the game when both players regained consciousness, with Bailey saying that it was "all part of the game." However, Bailey passed out and lapse into convulsions. Bailey was not expected to live after a single night in the hospital after suffering from severe hemorrhaging. It was made well known that Shore would have been charged with manslaughter were Bailey to die. He gradually recovered, but his hockey career was over. For his actions, Shore received a 16-game suspension, a


title: "Dubai College" content: school building, now dubbed "A Block", was constructed near the Chicago Beach Hotel. After some years of absence, the school has reintroduced a compulsory debenture system, payable for all new pupils entering the school from September 2015. Dubai College was selected to host the COBIS Secondary Games 2016. In 2018, Dubai College’s GCSE performance was comparable to the 5th best UK co-educational independent school . Our excellent A Level results mean that up to 31% of Dubai College leavers now go on to study at the top 1% of universities worldwide and we are yet again the top performing school


title: "Andrew Michael Ramsay" content: of the Regent Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1723) was to be the power of state behind Louis XV. In 1723 Ramsay was knighted into the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, which had originated as a Crusader military order based in France for the protection of pilgrims. In 1724 he entered the Jacobite household in Rome. Court intrigue and the impracticability of his educational task – Bonnie Prince Charlie was only three-and-a-half years old – caused him to return to Paris in the same year. From 1725 till 1728 he stayed as an invited guest at the Hôtel de


title: "Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins" content: Richard Thornburgh. Collins's statement was about the lack of finality with criminal convictions and pressing for reform. In the early 1990s, both Collinses became Eastern Regional Directors of Citizens for Law and Order, based in Oakland, California. J. Collins continued with opportunities presented to the couple and worked with Executive Director Lee Chancellor of the Judicial Reform Foundation to create a pamphlet on habeas corpus abuses and history of the judicial process. On May 7, 1991, J. Collins testified before Congress on habeas corpus reform and the endless appeals that Alley was requesting. T. Collins was in attendance in support


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: Oslo City Hall Oslo City Hall () is a municipal building in Oslo, the capital of Norway. It houses the city council, the city's administration and various other municipal organisations. The building as it stands today was constructed between 1931 and 1950, with an interruption during the Second World War. It was designed by architects Arnstein Arneberg and Magnus Poulsson. The building is located in the city center, in the northern part of the Pipervika neighbourhood, and it faces Oslofjord. Oslo City Hall is built of red brick and has two towers, one 63 meters tall and other 66 meters


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: tall. The bricks used are larger than what was typical at the time of construction, but are roughly the same size as bricks used in the middle ages. The bricks - measuring approximately 27,5 x 13 x 8,5 cm - were produced by Hovin Teglverk in Oslo. The eastern tower has a set of 49 bells. Various events and ceremonies take place in the building, including the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony which takes place every December. It appears that in the middle ages, various different buildings had the function of a city hall. One source suggests that one of those


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: buildings had a wine cellar which was open to the public. In 1624, all of old Oslo burnt to the ground. King Christian IV decided that the city should not be rebuilt at the same location and instead be built to the north of Akershus Fortress. The new city had wide streets at right angles. Building space for a town hall was made available between "Rådhusgaten" and "Øvre Slottsgate". What is today referred to as the old City Hall ("Gamle rådhus") was finished in 1641. The building still exists at Nedre Slottsgate 1. The building fell into decay and by


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: 1733 a building at "Rådhusgaten 7" was selected to be a new City Hall. By the 1800s the building was too small and the growing administration moved to various premises across the city. Architectural competitions were held in 1876 and 1898 for a new building at Hammersborg, but the plans were never carried out due to a lack of funds. The idea of building a new city hall in Pipervia was first suggested by Oscar Hoff (an architect) in 1906, but nothing came of the plans. In 1915, the idea was taken up by Hieronymus Heyerdahl, who had just stood


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: down as mayor. He noticed the city's lack of a representative city hall to receive the municipality's guests during the 1914 Jubilee Exhibition in Frogner. He set up an architectural competition which received a total of 44 entries in the first of two rounds. In 1918 Arnstein Arneberg and Magnus Poulsson were selected as winners, whose project was clearly inspired by Stockholm City Hall. A continuned lack of funds meant that construction had to wait, and in the intervening years the architects made several changes to the project. In 1930 they present their final draft, which had undergone significant changes,


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: influenced by functionalism. The most apparent change was the addition of two office towers. The ground stone laying ceremony took place in September 1931, with King Haakon VII and Crown Prince Olav in attendance. Actual construction began in February 1933. Various buildings were also torn down. The city's old amusement park - Tivoli - was also forced to close as a new zoning plan created new plots of land for sale. The purpose was to raise funds for the construction of the building. In November 1936 the shell of the building was completed. A few floors of office space were


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: in use by the time war broke out in 1940. Construction resumed after the war and the office space was in use by 1947, while final touches were still being added. Oslo City Hall was officially opened on 15 May 1950, as part of the city's 900-year anniversary. Three musical compositions were written in connection with the celebrations, written by Ludvig Irgens-Jensen, Eivind Groven and Karl Andersen. By the time it opened in 1950, the style of the building was no longer popular. Brick was in stark contrast to the steel and glass which architects considered modern at the time,


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: and no further buildings were built in that style afterwards. Stockholm's city hall - also in brick - had been designed by Ragnar Östberg, and Martin Nyrop designed Copenhagen City Hall, which is also a monumental brick building. Both Nyrop and Östberg were on the jury which selected the winning design of Oslo City Hall. Various contests were held to decide who would decorate City Hall in January 1937. In all, eight painters and 17 sculptors were hired. Most of the work was completed by the opening of the hall in 1950, though the sculpture park was not completed until


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: the 1960s. The western wall of the building is dominated by Anne Grimdalen's sculpture of Harald Hardråde on horseback. Nic Schiøll's sculpture of St. Hallvard is at the front of the building, facing Oslofjord. Reliefs by Dagfin Werenskiold face the square and are multicoloured depictions of motifs from the Poetic Edda. Joseph Grimeland designed the bronze relief over the entrance and also the "Oslopike" ("Oslo girl") high up on the wall. Six free-standing sculptures by Per Palle Storm in front of the building depict the craftsmen who built the building. The building's main hall was decorated by Henrik Sørensen and


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: Alf Rolfsen. The Hall is 31 metres wide, 39 metres long and around 21 metres high. The floor and parts of the walls are clad in marble. The room has a series of wall paintings depicting Norway and Oslo between the wars and also during occupation. They also depict the growth of commercial activity in the city, including the rise of the labour movement. Various monarchs and the city's patron saint, St. Hallvard are also depicited. The room in which the City Council meets ("Bystyresalen") is semi-circular. It is clad in oak and tapestries, the most noticeable of which was


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: designed by Else Poulsson, the niece of the architect. Woven by Else Halling, it depicts St. Hallvard and the seven virtues. The artist hoped the design would remind the city's politicians of ethics and good decisionmaking. On December 10 (anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death) each year, Oslo City Hall hosts the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony in which the annual laureate gives his or her lecture and is awarded the medal and diploma. A podium for the laureate and the Nobel Committee is erected in the far end of the hall for each ceremony. The Norwegian Royal Family and Prime Minister


title: "Oslo City Hall" content: are attendants. Oslo City Hall Oslo City Hall () is a municipal building in Oslo, the capital of Norway. It houses the city council, the city's administration and various other municipal organisations. The building as it stands today was constructed between 1931 and 1950, with an interruption during the Second World War. It was designed by architects Arnstein Arneberg and Magnus Poulsson. The building is located in the city center, in the northern part of the Pipervika neighbourhood, and it faces Oslofjord. Oslo City Hall is built of red brick and has two towers, one 63 meters tall and other


title: "Severn Bridge" content: Severn Bridge The Severn Bridge () is a motorway suspension bridge operated by Highways England that spans the River Severn and River Wye between Aust, South Gloucestershire in England, and Chepstow, Monmouthshire in South East Wales, via Beachley, Gloucestershire, which is a peninsula between the two rivers. It is the original Severn road crossing between England and Wales, and took three-and-a-half years to construct at a cost of £8 million. It replaced the Aust Ferry. The bridge was opened on 8 September 1966, by Queen Elizabeth II, who hailed it as the dawn of a new economic era for South


title: "Severn Bridge" content: Wales. For thirty years, the bridge carried the M4 motorway. The bridge was granted Grade I listed status on 26 November 1999. Upon the completion of the Second Severn Crossing (also known as the Prince of Wales Bridge), the motorway from Olveston in England to Magor in Wales was renamed the M48. The first proposal for a bridge across the Severn, approximately in the same location as that eventually constructed, was in 1824 by Thomas Telford, who had been asked to advise on how to improve mail coach services between London and Wales. No action was taken, and over the


title: "Severn Bridge" content: next few decades the railways became the dominant mode of long-distance travel, with the Severn Railway Bridge at Sharpness being opened in 1879 and the main line Severn Tunnel in 1886. The growth of road traffic in the early 20th century led to further calls for improvements, and in the early 1920s Chepstow Urban District Council convened a meeting of neighbouring local authorities to consider a Severn crossing to ease congestion and delays on the A48 passing through the town. In 1935 Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire County Councils jointly promoted a Parliamentary Bill to obtain powers to build the bridge over


title: "Severn Bridge" content: the estuary, with 75% of costs to be met by the Ministry of Transport from the Road Fund. The bill was rejected by Parliament after opposition from the Great Western Railway Company. After the Second World War, plans began to be made for a nationally funded network of trunk roads, including a Severn Bridge, for which the contract was awarded to Mott, Hay and Anderson, with Freeman Fox and Partners. The public inquiry into the scheme was held on 24 September 1946 at Bristol University. Because Government funding was prioritised for the similar Forth Road Bridge (opened in 1964), construction


title: "Severn Bridge" content: of the Severn Bridge was not started until 1961: the UK government announced in 1962 that construction costs would be "recovered" by means of a toll of 2s 6d (£0.125) on all vehicle crossings, though walking or cycling across the bridge would be charge-free. The substructure was completed by contractors John Howard and Co in 1963. The superstructure contract was awarded to Associated Bridge Builders Ltd (a joint venture of Sir William Arrol & Co., Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company and Dorman Long) in 1963, and completed in 1966. The bridge has been featured in several promotions. In January 1977,


title: "Severn Bridge" content: it was announced that bridge traffic would be restricted to a single lane in each direction following the discovery of several weaknesses in the ten-year-old structure. The lane closures would last for several months. The Severn Bridge crossing was strengthened and resurfaced in the late 1980s as the weight of traffic grew. The work included the strengthening of the Severn Bridge towers and deck, an extension to the existing Wye Bridge towers and the replacement of the original single stays with two stays. The open structure of the new stays is designed to facilitate maintenance. Most of the strengthening work


title: "Severn Bridge" content: was inside the deck box and towers and so is not visible. Design of the strengthening was by Flint & Neill. The surfacing is a thick layer of mastic asphalt over an acrylic waterproofing membrane. During its 40th year of operation in 2006, the bridge was inspected to check for corrosion of the suspension cables. According to the Highways Agency, the inspection concluded that the bridge needed restrictions on heavy goods vehicles. Such vehicles are now restricted to one lane on the bridge, with weight restriction signs in place. A system of rubber casing on the cables with dry air


title: "Severn Bridge" content: circulation, as used on the Forth Road Bridge, was installed in 2007–2009 in a move to halt the progress of the corrosion. The Severn Bridge crossing consists of four structures, which, listed in order from England to Wales, are: the Aust Viaduct, Severn Bridge, Beachley Viaduct and Wye Bridge. The Severn Bridge and Aust Viaduct was granted Grade I listed status on 26 November 1999, while the Wye Bridge and Beachley Viaduct was granted Grade II listed status on 29 May 1998. The Aust Viaduct is a twin box girder structure with a concrete deck, which carries the roadway from


title: "Severn Bridge" content: the top of Aust Cliff to the first gravity anchorage of the old Severn Bridge. The roadway is then carried over the top of the concrete anchorage to the Severn Bridge. The Severn Bridge is located close to the former Aust Ferry. The bridge is a suspension bridge of conventional design, with the deck supported by two main cables slung between two steel towers. In 1966 the cables supporting the bridge deck were spun from of wire. The main cables are each made up of 8,322 individual wires. An unusual feature of the suspension cables carrying the deck is that


title: "Severn Bridge" content: they are not vertical, as for most suspension bridges, but rather arranged in a zig-zag fashion, with adjacent mounts closely spaced. The triangulation this offers is an attempt to reduce vibration, as is the prominent use of Stockbridge dampers on the cables. The bridge is long, consisting of a central span between the towers and the two side spans. The towers rise to above mean high water and are of hollow box construction. The deck is an orthotropic steel box girder of aerofoil shape with cantilevered cycle tracks and footway supported from the box. The shape of the bridge was


title: "Severn Bridge" content: determined by the designers Freeman, Fox and Partners following wind tunnel tests for the Forth Road Bridge, after the original wind tunnel model was accidentally destroyed. The sections of the deck were built at Fairfield-Mabey in Chepstow, and each 132 tonne section was then floated down the river before being hoisted into position. The Beachley Viaduct is of a box girder construction similar to that of the Severn Bridge but is supported on steel trestles as it crosses the Beachley peninsula over the British Army camp, Beachley Barracks, that is home to 1st Battalion, The Rifles. The Wye Bridge is


title: "Severn Bridge" content: a long cable-stayed bridge, which crosses the border marked by the River Wye between England and Wales, south of Chepstow. It consists of a single large cable stayed section with two single-leg pylons supporting the bridge deck from the centre of the roadway. The deck is an orthotropic box girder similar to the Severn Bridge but has a different appearance as it has two sets of cable stays on each of two towers. Originally there was only one set of cable stays but these were replaced during the strengthening works. The Wye Bridge was built by Cleveland Bridge & Engineering


title: "Severn Bridge" content: Company. Shortly after the opening of the Severn Bridge, Welsh poet Harri Webb wrote an "Ode on the Severn Bridge": The toll was collected on the English side, but only for vehicles travelling westwards from England to Wales. This has led some people to describe it as a "tax on entering Wales", both in jest and also as a more serious anti-toll campaign. Originally, tolls were charged in both directions, but the arrangements were changed in the early 1990s to eliminate the need for a set of toll booths for each direction of travel and the potential for traffic waiting


title: "Severn Bridge" content: to pay the toll backing up onto the bridge itself. In 1966, the toll for using the new motorway crossing was set at 2s 6d (post-decimalisation equivalent £0.125) for all vehicles apart from solo motorcycles which enjoyed a reduced toll of 1s (£0.05). For a small car the bridge toll represented a saving of 7s (£0.35) on the price, at that time 9s 6d (£0.475), of using the ferry crossing. By 1989, the toll had reached £2 each way for goods vehicle having an unladen weight exceeding and passenger vehicles adapted to carry more than 16 passengers and £1 each


title: "Severn Bridge" content: way for other vehicles. Currency depreciation has been a feature of UK monetary policy in the intervening decades, and the RPI is a widely applied surrogate for the resulting impact of general price inflation: if the Severn toll had increased in line with general inflation since September 1966, when Queen Elizabeth II opened the bridge, the original value of £0.125 would have reached £2.19 each way (or £4.38 one-way) . , the toll is £5.60 for a car and £16.70 for a heavy goods vehicle. Motorcycles and disabled badge holders are exempt from the tolls, although both must stop at


title: "Severn Bridge" content: the toll booths to have their eligibility confirmed, and also to allow the barrier to be raised. The tolls for the Prince of Wales Bridge are the same, although in that case, the tolls are collected on the Welsh side (although still for traffic entering Wales, not leaving it), sufficiently far from the bridge that even severe queueing does not reach it. A system known as the Severn TAG is also in operation, which allows drivers to pay electronically without having to stop at the toll booths. TAGs are available either on a per-trip or a seasonal basis, although only


title: "Severn Bridge" content: the latter attracts a discount. Credit and debit cards were not originally accepted on either bridge, but drivers who did not have the means to pay were able to get a bill from the toll operator and pay by post later. Card payment was made available in time for the 2010 Ryder Cup, however, users would be required to enter their PIN and cash was still the recommended payment method to avoid delays. The cycle path and footpath, which run along either side of the roadway, may be used free of charge. In the 2016 United Kingdom budget George Osborne,


title: "Severn Bridge" content: the Chancellor of the Exchequer, announced that tolls charges on the Severn crossings will be halved in 2018. The Welsh Liberal Democrats leader Kirsty Williams called the cut "pathetic" and "The Chancellor is cynically acting as if he is doing commuters a favour, but the fact is that he wants to keep this unfair tax on entering Wales." The toll was due to be cut to £5.40 in 2017 but actually increased further. In July 2017, the Welsh Secretary, Alun Cairns, announced that tolls would be abolished by the end of 2018, claiming that this would boost the South Wales


title: "Severn Bridge" content: economy by around £100m a year. In September 2017, Cairns confirmed that tolls would be reduced in January 2018 when VAT is removed. It was announced by Cairns in October 2018 that the Severn Bridge tolls would cease on 17 December 2018. On 17 December 2018, the toll lanes were permanently closed, officially marking the start of a toll-free journey into Wales for the first time since the bridge's construction. Traffic is currently being directed through a new temporary three-lane layout. These lanes are narrower than usual, resulting in a 50mph speed limit. In 2019, further work will take place


title: "Severn Bridge" content: to remove any remaining toll booths and other associated infrastructure previously associated with the tolling system. The road will be then be a traditional motorway with a 70mph maximum speed limit. Ownership and operation of the bridge passed to Severn River Crossing plc on 26 April 1992 as part of the deal to build the Second Severn Crossing. As of , Severn River Crossing plc was owned The company's 2011 annual report showed the same companies still owned, through subsidiary companies, all the issued ordinary share capital of the Plc. Ownership of the bridge and the Second Severn Crossing returned


title: "Severn Bridge" content: to the UK government on 8 January 2018 when the revenue required to build and maintain them, as defined in a Concession Agreement with the Secretary of State for Transport, had been collected. In 2010, the concession was expected to end in 2017. In 2012, changes were made to the agreement to reflect the effect of changes in VAT and Corporation Tax and the costs of installing credit card handling systems. The net effect was to increase the required revenue from £995.83 million to £1,028.91 million in 1989 prices. On 6 February 2009, during a week of snowfall throughout Britain,


title: "Severn Bridge" content: both Severn bridges were closed simultaneously due to ice falling from the bridge structure and damaging vehicles. On 22 December 2009 both bridges were closed again for the same reason. These were only the second and third times, respectively, that both bridges have been closed together, the first being due to a chemical fire in Avonmouth some years earlier. Severn Bridge The Severn Bridge () is a motorway suspension bridge operated by Highways England that spans the River Severn and River Wye between Aust, South Gloucestershire in England, and Chepstow, Monmouthshire in South East Wales, via Beachley, Gloucestershire, which is


title: "Galium verum" content: Galium verum Galium verum (lady's bedstraw or yellow bedstraw) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia from Israel and Turkey to Japan and Kamchatka. It is naturalized in Tasmania, New Zealand, Canada, and the northern half of the United States. It is considered a noxious weed in some places. "Galium verum" is a low scrambling plant, with the stems growing to long, frequently rooting where they touch the ground. The leaves are long and broad, shiny dark green, hairy underneath, borne in whorls of 8–12. The


title: "Galium verum" content: flowers are in diameter, yellow, and produced in dense clusters. This species is sometimes confused with "Galium odoratum", a species with traditional culinary uses. In the past, the dried plants were used to stuff mattresses, as the coumarin scent of the plants acts as a flea repellant. The flowers were also used to coagulate milk in cheese manufacture and, in Gloucestershire, to colour the cheese double Gloucester. The plant is also used to make red madder-like and yellow dyes. In Denmark, the plant (known locally as ') is traditionally used to infuse spirits, making the uniquely Danish drink '. Frigg


title: "Galium verum" content: was the goddess of married women, in Norse mythology. She helped women give birth to children, and as Scandinavians used the plant lady's bedstraw ("Galium verum") as a sedative, they called it "Frigg's grass". In Romanian folklore, it is called "sânziana" and it is linked to the Sânziene fairies and their festival on June 24. In Gaelic mythology, the hero Cú Chulainn, who suffered fits of rage during battle, would take a tea of this plant to calm his frenzy. The plant is known as "lus chneas Chù-Chulainn" 'the herb of Cú Chulainn's skin' in Scottish Gaelic, and in the


title: "Galium verum" content: 14th/15th centuries it occurred with the Irish name "Bolad cneise con Culainn" ‘the smell of Cú Chulainn’s skin’ (NLI G 11 182b2). Many varietal and subspecific names have been proposed, but only four are currently (May 2014) recognized: Galium verum Galium verum (lady's bedstraw or yellow bedstraw) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia from Israel and Turkey to Japan and Kamchatka. It is naturalized in Tasmania, New Zealand, Canada, and the northern half of the United States. It is considered a noxious weed in some


title: "Sebald de Weert" content: On June 27, 1598, a voyage of five ships with 494 men under the command of Jacques Mahu and financed by Pieter van den Hagen and Johan van der Veken, two wealthy Dutch retailers, and equipped by Magelhaanse Compagnie, left Goeree (Holland), bound for the Moluccas, in the Dutch East Indies. They headed Southwest toward the Straits of Magellan in South America, intending to navigate the straits then turn Northwestern toward Asia. The ships with their (initial) captains were: "Hoop" ("Hope"), captained by Jacques Mahu, leader of the expedition; "Liefde" ("Love"), captained by Simon de Cordes, second-in-command; "Geloof" ("Believe"), captained


title: "Thomas Waymark" content: variations. He was also an accomplished batsman, though not as highly regarded in this department as his single wicket partner Colchin. The bat was curved like a modern hockey stick and the batsman generally attacked the rolled ball. Batsmen did not develop defensive techniques until the straight bat was invented in response to the pitched delivery, which was introduced in the 1760s, more than a decade after Waymark's career ended. Nothing is known of Waymark's family life. He was initially a groom employed by the Duke of Richmond but latterly he was a Berkshire resident employed in some capacity at


title: "Parachute cord" content: will crush tissue without applying the needed pressure to stop bleeding. Another use of parachute cord is in the stringing of mallet percussion instruments, such the xylophone, marimba, or vibraphone. A very similar usage niche is nylon webbing, a strong, economical fabric woven as a flat strip or tube, also often used in place of rope. Additional uses for parachute cord are in the manufacture of items such as lanyards, belts, dog leashes, rosaries, and key chains. This is becoming more popular as crafters are discovering this material. U.S. military issue paracord was purchased with reference to a technical standard


title: "Lucas Scott" content: a new girl named Anna Taggaro, but they break up amicably when Anna accepts that she is a lesbian. Lucas realizes that he has romantic feelings for Brooke and begins to focus on building on a relationship with her, even though she is seeing Anna's brother Felix. Lucas discovers that he has inherited Dan's heart condition, but does not tell anyone except Dan. After discovering that Keith's new girlfriend Jules was actually hired by Dan to break Keith's heart, Lucas agrees to move in with Dan if he leaves Keith alone and pays for Lucas's heart medication. This sets Lucas


title: "Phanaeus vindex" content: Phanaeus vindex Phanaeus vindex, the "rainbow scarab" or "rainbow scarab beetle" is a North American dung beetle, with a range from the eastern US to the Rocky Mountains. The head is a metallic yellow color, and males have a black horn which curves backward toward the thorax. Both sexes have yellow antennae which can retract into a ball on the underside of the head. The thorax is a shiny coppery color, with yellow or green on the sides. The abdomen is metallic green. The underbelly is black and green. Body length is about 2–3 cm (0.8-1.2 in) long. Males and


title: "Phanaeus vindex" content: females work in pairs to dig burrows beneath animal excrement. They move some of the excrement down into the tunnel, where the female lays her eggs in it. The grubs feed on the excrement for several instars until pupating. This species, like all dung beetles, are not pests, and play an important role in reducing fecal matter in the environment, thus reducing the number of disease spreading flies. Phanaeus vindex Phanaeus vindex, the "rainbow scarab" or "rainbow scarab beetle" is a North American dung beetle, with a range from the eastern US to the Rocky Mountains. The head is a


title: "Jaume I University" content: European Union, such as Socrates-Erasmus, Leonardo, Tempus and Alfa, and also those organized by the Spanish government, including the Interuniversity Cooperation Programme. The University is open to new schemes that help enhance the quality of the teaching and the research carried out here. Some of the more noteworthy initiatives related to teaching include the UNESCO Chairon the Philosophy of Peace, the Jean Monnet Chair of Law and European Economics Module, the EURINSA and EURUJI programmes for the training of engineers in Europe and, finally, the programme of master's degrees in Latin America, among many other initiatives. According to the 2014


title: "Violette Verdy" content: de Deux" (1960), "The Figure in the Carpet" (1960), "Liebeslieder Walzer" (1960), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1962), "Emeralds" (1967), "Glinkaiana" (1967), "La Source" (1968), "Pulcinella" (1972), and "Sonatine" (1973). Of all these roles, Verdy is perhaps most identified with "Emeralds", the opening ballet of the triptych "Jewels", and with "Tschaikovsky Pas de Deux". Partnered with Conrad Ludlow in both these works, she embodied the Romantic spirit of Fauré's music in the former and the charm and effervescent joy of Tchaikovsky's music in the latter. Since its premiere, "Tschaikovsky Pas de Deux" has been performed by many ballerinas in numerous international


title: "Wei Zheng" content: and Emperor Taizong agreed with Wen. He established 10 prefectures to settle the Eastern Tujue people and made the major chieftains the prefects, while inviting a number of Eastern Tujue nobles to serve as generals at Chang'an. Late in 630, Qu Wentai (麴文泰), the king of Gaochang, was set to arrive at Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Taizong. When the other Xiyu states heard this, they wanted to send emissaries as well, and Emperor Taizong initially ordered Qu's official Yanda Gegan (厭怛紇干) back to Gaochang to gather the emissaries to lead them to Chang'an. Wei advised against doing so—pointing


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: Vespula vulgaris Vespula vulgaris, known as the common wasp, is a wasp found in various regions of the world including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, China, New Zealand, and Australia. It is sometimes known as the European wasp; the same name is used for the species "Vespula germanica", which is also known as the German wasp. Another name for "Vespula vulgaris" is the "common yellow-jacket". In 2010, wasps in North America thought to be "Vespula vulgaris" were found to be actually a different species, "Vespula alascensis". "Vespula vulgaris" is a eusocial vespid that builds its grey paper nest in or


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: on a structure capable of supporting it. A founding queen searches for a hollow tree, wall cavity, rock crevice, or even a mammal-made hole to build a nest. One colony cycle lasts for about 6–11 months and each colony cycle consists of around 3000–8000 larvae. The extraordinary adaptation skills of "V. vulgaris" enable it to live in a wide range of habitats, from very humid areas to artificial environments such as gardens and human structures. This species, along with other wasp species such as "V. germanica", has impacted the ecosystem, especially those in New Zealand and Australia, where they were


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: imported by humans, and frequently cause damage to fruit crops and endanger humans. The name "Vespula vulgaris" comes from the origin of the word "vulgaris", which means "common" in Latin, therefore giving the name, the common wasp. This species has many synonyms such as the "common wasp", "European wasp", "Paravespula vulgaris", or the "common yellow jacket". However, a study from 2010 revealed that "V. vulgaris" and the common yellow jacket are actually two different species, the latter known as "V. alascensis". It is closely related to another wasp species, "V. austriaca", and is considered a sister group. Common wasps are


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: colloquially known as "jaspers" in certain regions of England (such as Dorset and Lincolnshire, and more commonly the English Midlands), although whether the etymology refers to the Latin name "vespa" or the striped abdomen, which echoes the striped mineral jasper, is not clear. Adult workers of "V. vulgaris " measure about from head to abdomen, and weigh 84.1±19.0 mg, whereas the queen is about long. It has aposematic colors of black and yellow; yellow pronotal bands which are almost parallel to each other and black dots and rings on its abdomen. The queens and females appear very similar to the


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: German wasps (or European wasp, "Vespula germanica") except when they are seen head on, the "V. vulgaris" face lacks the three black dots of "V. germanica". Instead, each has only one black mark on its clypeus which is usually anchor-shaped or dagger-shaped. However, sometimes the identification of this species might be difficult because this black mark on its clypeus can sometimes appear broken, making it again, look extremely similar to "V. germanica". Even more difficult to distinguish between species are the males. Very few distinctions are seen between the male "V. vulgaris" and "V. germanica". Almost undetectable by naked eye,


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the only confident identification of "V. vulgaris" males would be to investigate their genitalia. They have distinct aedeagus tip shapes and lateral processes. "V. vulgaris" is a Palearctic species. It was discovered in a wide range of countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, and China; it is invasive in New Zealand and Australia. Until 2010, it was thought to be in North America as well, but molecular and morphological data showed that specimens identified as "V. vulgaris" in North America were a separate species, "Vespula alascensis". The species "V. vulgaris" has high adaptation skills regarding environments. Therefore, it is


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: well off in most types of habitats, including the prairies, grassland, natural and planted forests, shrub lands, and even in urban zones such as gardens, orchards, and buildings. However, it does require the temperature to be moderately warm because its foraging activity is temperature-dependent (has to be above 2 °C). Five distinguishable stages occur in "V. vulgaris" colony cycle in the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Each lasts for similar periods, around 30–35 days. The colony starts in April as the queen begins the foundation of the nest and degenerates around October when the temperature drops and the queen


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: dies. The size of the colony ranges from 3000 larvae up to a maximum of 8000 larvae, with the queen producing around 200–300 eggs per day for 24 days. The general incubation period is found to be five days, but it can occasionally be as long as seven days due to cannibalism, scavenging or replacement. The larval period can depend on the trophic condition inside and outside the nest. If there are abundant resources of food being brought into the nest, the larval period is short, but if the resource is short, the period can lengthen. The first adult emerges


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: after around 23 days of hatching and the queen-pupated brood is completed in about a month (30 days). The first brood of workers are all of normal size, but the next generation of workers is generally smaller. This is due to the decrease in the queen's foraging activity after producing the first batch of larvae. Because the queen's foraging activity decreases, the second group of workers does not get as much food, often starves, and thus spends more time in the larval stage. After coming out of hibernation in the spring, the queen forages for flowers or shrubs and begins


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: looking for nesting sites. She flies low on the ground, searching for any round, dark object or depression. If it is a hole, she flies in to inspect the details if it is suitable and if not moves on to the next hole. What constitutes a "perfect" nest is yet to be discovered, but it is mainly speculated that the queen's physiological state is the main deciding factor of the time and the place of nesting. When she has found a suitable site for nesting, she performs dance-like wing movements which allow her to locate the site even after she


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: has left the area. (Please see 'behavior' section for more detailed description of the queen's movement.) After she has fixed the position of the nest, she begins to build it. She repeats the procedure of bringing in a pulp, attaching it to the nest to form a spindle and flying back out to bring in more pulp. During this process, the queen clings to the nest with her two posterior pairs of legs and attaches the pulp using her anterior legs and mouth parts. She builds 20–30 cells before initial egg-laying, fashioning a petiole and producing a single cell at


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the end of it. Six further cells are then added around this to produce the characteristic hexagonal shape of the nest cells. One egg is laid in each cell, and as it hatches, each larva holds itself in the vertical cell by pressing its body against the sides. When the nest is completed, the queen is replaced by the workers as the foraging force and instead is now concerned only with nursing and egg producing. Her ovaries develop, her abdomen becomes distended with eggs, and she loses the ability to fly. After the founding phase has been completed, the colony


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: encounters a change where the workers begin to build queen cells. Once the workers start building on the queen cells, no more worker cells are built, but those that still have brood growing in them are retained. The majority of the food resource brought in by the workers is fed to the queen larvae, known as gynes and the lack of feeding for other larvae causes the prolongation of their larval periods. To ensure that only the queen's eggs are reared to adulthood, female workers remove worker-laid eggs in a process known as worker policing. When the queen has completed


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: her job of producing daughter queen larvae, she dies, leaving a crop of virgin queens which will leave the nest, mate, hibernate, and reproduce in the following spring. After the queen's death, the coordination of the colony breaks down and the workers begin to lay eggs. The rate and amount of foraging decrease drastically after the queen's death, so it is unable to support all the workers and their brood. This is when cannibalism occurs among the workers and furthermore, the workers tear off their cells and carry them out of the nest, dropping the temperature of the entire nest.


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: Once this stage is reached, the remaining workers die of cold or starvation. A "V. vulgaris" nest is made from chewed wood fibers mixed with worker saliva. It has open cells and a cylindrical column known as a petiole attaching the nest to the substrate. The wasps produce a chemical which repels ants and secrete it around the base of the petiole, to avoid ant predation. Many variations are seen in the characteristics of the nests within the species. Aerial nests and nests that are very close to the surface of the ground have much thicker envelopes than those under


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the ground. The wasps build thick envelopes to prevent heat from escaping. Also, smaller nests have thicker envelopes than larger nests. This is mainly due to the fact that the amount of heat produced is proportional to the volume of the nest. The larger a nest is the better it will be in conserving the nest warmth. The optimal temperature of the nest is around 32 °C. However, when the temperature rises above the optimal temperature (during hot days), the workers use their wings as fans to cool the nest down. "V. vulgaris" wasps recognize their nests by making pheromone


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: trails from the entrance of their nest to the site of foraging. Those "footprints" are not colony specific, but species specific. Although many other insects such as ants produce such pheromone trails as well, "Vespula vulgaris" generate pheromone either by special abdominal glands or from the gut. Although the two species "Vespula vulgaris" and "Vespula germanica" have extremely similar biological features, and are known to be almost indistinguishable, they in fact have several differences regarding their nest characteristics. "Vespula germanica" nests generally survive the winter, while those of "Vespula vulgaris" do not. The reason for this difference mostly comes from


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the variation in prey each species feeds on. "Vespula vulgaris" food sources are greatly affected by the temperature while that of "Vespula germanica" are not, providing them with a much higher chance of survival even during the winter. Because many "Vespula germanica" are able to overwinter and most "Vespula vulgaris" do not, except for the queen, this affects the nest size of the two species. "Vespula germanica" generally have slightly bigger nest size (3500–9000 larvae in one colony cycle) than "Vespula vulgaris" (3000–8000 larvae in one colony cycle). When the queen has found the appropriate nesting site, she orients in


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: a similar way as the workers and flies back out of the hole. She flies frontwards and backwards in front of the nest with a slow, hovering flight and repeats this movement until its distance is further away from the hole. When the arc of the flight increases up to about 6 ft (183 cm), the pathway makes a figure of a sideways "8" and when the queen is about 60 ft (18 m) away from the nest site, she then flies in a straight line. This is how the queen "Vespula vulgaris" marks the land, in respect to the


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: landmarks around the nesting site. Only the wasps leaving the nest notice a disturbance and defend or fight off an intruder. The ones returning to the nest do not detect any disturbance and try to enter the nest. The workers that detect danger show a certain gesture – they rise onto the tips of their tarsi, put forward their heads, turn down their abdomens and constantly vibrate their wings in high frequencies and short beats. This behavior signals other workers to fly to the entrance of the nest and defend. However, if the nest is disturbed enough times, the workers


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: stop defending the nest and instead grow tolerant to such attacks. However, when they detect life-threatening level of danger, the "Vespula vulgaris" workers will vigorously defend their nest. Unlike honey bees which die after stinging, "Vespula vulgaris" can sting multiple times. This makes its sting viable for personal defense when away from the colony, and the common wasp is therefore more apt to sting. However, it will usually not sting without being provoked by sudden movement or other violent behavior. Research indicates the wasps use odor to identify and attack rival wasps from other colonies, and nest odor frequently changes.


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: "Vespula vulgaris" wasps have been observed aggressively competing with honey bees for the honeydew secreted by the scale insect "Ultracoelostoma brittini" in New Zealand's South Island black beech forests. After mating, the queen overwinters in a hole or other sheltered location, sometimes in buildings. Wasp nests are not reused from one year to the next, but in rare instances wasps have been seen to re-nest in the footprint of a removed nest or even begin building a new nest within an old nest. In the mild climate of New Zealand and Australia, a few of the colonies may survive the


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: winter, although this is much more common with the German wasp. The foraging activity of "Vespula vulgaris" is dependent on the light and temperature of the surrounding area. Generally, if the temperature of the surrounding area falls below 2 °C, the wasps will not proceed with foraging even if the temperature of the nest itself is optimal. When the temperature is above 2 °C, light intensity comes in to play a role. If the light intensity is high enough, the wasps will fly off to forage. However, there is a wide variance within the species, and even within individuals what


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: that threshold light intensity would be – i. e. when would be the best light intensity for a wasp to go out to forage. The foraging activities of "Vespula vulgaris" are generally highest in early mornings. There are three known reasons for such behavior. First is to satisfy the larval requirements. The workers fly off early in the morning to forage, as soon as their optimal light intensity is reached. They want to feed the larvae which have been starving during the night as soon as possible to reduce their chance of dying. The second reason is to maximize fluid


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: foraging. Because dews and nectars are most abundant early in the morning and are the best sources of fluids, the workers fly off early in the morning before the competition becomes severe. Last is the necessity to release excretory products such as trophallactic secretions from the larvae. Generally, wasps are unable to predict heavy rainfalls. They continue their foraging activities even in the rain, but cease when the rain becomes torrential. When the rainfall becomes extremely heavy near the nesting site, the workers rapidly return to their nests. Those whose foraging activities were interrupted by heavy rainfall become reluctant to


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: forage again in the future even when the weather is dry and calm. Those who continue to forage do so mainly for fluid. The average life span of an adult "Vespula vulgaris" is known to be around two weeks (14 days). There was a negative correlation found between the age of the worker "Vespula vulgaris" and their respective foraging speeds, and a positive correlation between their age and the amount of time each worker spent in the nest between each foraging trip. The foraging speed decreased as the workers aged and the time a worker spent in the nest between


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: foraging trips increased as they got older. Wasps that are over 30 days, in fact, generally cease from foraging trips and spend all of their time guarding the entrance of the nest. Similarly to other "Vespulas", "Vespula vulgaris" feed on animal preys such as caterpillars to feed their developing larvae and carbohydrates, such as nectar and sweet fruits, to satisfy their own energy requirements. Their usual food sources are: wood pulp, freshly killed insects such as Hymenoptera, lepidopteran larvae and Diptera and Spiders. Common wasps will also attempt to invade honey bees' nests to steal their honey. Although the types


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: of prey "Vespula vulgaris" and "Vespula germanica" forage are almost the same, that of "Vespula germanica" are generally 2–3.5 times bigger and heavier than that of "Vespula vulgaris". This is mainly due to the size difference of the two species. Because the "Vespula germanica" foragers are bigger in morphology than those of "Vespula vulgaris", and they both transport the prey by carrying on them, it would be advantageous for the wasp to be bigger to be able to hold larger prey. Through a laboratory experiment, it was discovered that the quality of the food "Vespula vulgaris" consumes directly affects its


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: body temperature. The higher the quality of the prey, measured by the amount of sucrose present in the food, the higher thorax temperature it had. Such high thorax temperature indicates the wasp's excitement and motivation to collect the offered food. The wasps will want to absorb as much energy as possible because the output of the energy directly coordinates to the power of flight muscles. Higher thorax temperature therefore means more power in thoracic flight muscles, leading to faster movement and in overall, more foraging. In the early stage of the colony founding, the queen "Vespula vulgaris" does most of


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the work, both building and foraging. After the nest is completely built, she expands her foraging resources from only pulps to pulps, fluids and insect flesh. The labor divides as the first batch of larvae is hatched. However, during the very beginning of the hatching, the workers do not take part of any labor. Rather, they remain motionless with their heads inside a cell. Workers actually start foraging actively after seven days. They both forage and take care of the broods by feeding the larvae, breaking down the insect flesh, dividing fluids collected by the foragers, removing trophallactic secretion from


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: the larvae, and fixing the nests. One possible factor that determines a female's social caste is known to be its nest position. The location of each cell is directly related to the amount of food a larva can receive, and the queen cell, being located at the very bottom of the nest, encounters the foragers before any other cell. Therefore, it gets most of the food and naturally, yields the biggest female – the queen. As mentioned above, the cell location can alter the size of the larva and eventually determine which female "Vespula vulgaris" is going to be queen.


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: However, when several candidates of queens arise, there is competition among them. Certain variations among them rank the hierarchy of the queens and thus select the ultimate queen. Although the precise causes of the variations in the queens are still unknown, one possible factor is the amount of fat stored in the queen's body. Smaller developing queens have less fat stored, and thus have relatively higher mortality rates in winter than larger queens. The bigger the size and larger the amount of fat stored, the "higher" the queen is considered in quality, and she is able to out-compete other queens


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: in finding a fit mate. She will then have an advantage in establishing a nest in the following spring. In order for the "Vespula vulgaris" queen to dominate all the workers – usually numbering more than 3000 in a colony –she possesses a special chemical that sends signals of dominance. The workers were discovered to regularly lick the queen while feeding her, and the air-borne pheromone from the queen's body alerts those workers of her dominance. Along with the German wasp and two species of "Polistes" (all invasive species), the common wasp is considered a pest species in New Zealand,


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: as it competes with endemic species for food, such as insects and honeydew. In some South Island beech forests it is thought that densities of wasps are higher than anywhere else in the world. It is calculated that the total weight of common wasps in these places may exceed that of all birds. Research indicates the wasps use odor to identify and attack rival wasps from other colonies, and nest odor frequently changes. "V. vulgaris" wasps have been observed aggressively competing with honey bees for the honeydew secreted by the scale insect "Ultracoelostoma brittini" in New Zealand's South Island black


title: "Vespula vulgaris" content: beech forests. "Vespula vulgaris" are subject to predation by the honey buzzard, which excavates the nests to obtain the larvae. The hoverfly "Volucella pellucens" and some of its relatives lay their eggs in a wasp nest, and their larvae feed on the wasps’ young and dead adults. Spiders are yet another predator of this and many other species. A species of parasitic mite, "Varroa destructor jacobsoni", was found on larvae of this species in Poland in 1988. Vespula vulgaris Vespula vulgaris, known as the common wasp, is a wasp found in various regions of the world including the United Kingdom,


title: "The War of the Simpsons" content: Homer tries to sneak away to go fishing, but Marge wakes up first. Marge is upset that Homer would choose fishing over their marriage, which Homer fails to understand as he visualizes Marge turning into a catfish. Homer takes a walk instead of returning to bed. On the dock, he finds an abandoned fishing pole. The pole, with General Sherman on the line, yanks him off the pier into a small rowboat, and onto the lake. From their cabin window, Marge watches Homer battle General Sherman and gets frustrated. At home, Bart and Lisa's party has ended and the house


title: "The Raveleys" content: are the Methodist Chapel and the school. There are some 17th-century half-timbered cottages and the former Three Horseshoes public house, which has a good chimney stack. At White House Farm, at the west end of the village, is an ancient barn. A short distance north-west of this farm is a square homestead moat within which stood the ancient manor house of Moyne's Manor Also spelled: The even smaller village of Little Raveley did have a correspondingly small church, the Church of St James, which has an Early English chancel and a 15th-century nave. The church has closed and the building


title: "Tchefuncte River" content: of the North Shore of Lake Pontchartrain were loaded to be shipped across the Lake to New Orleans. Tchefuncte River The Tchefuncte River ( ) drains into Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana in the United States. It is about long. The area around the river was inhabited by the hunter-gatherer Tchefuncte culture dating back to 500 BCE The name Tchefuncte is believed to derive from the word Hachofakti which is the Choctaw word for the American chinquapin which was used by Native Americans to relieve headaches and fevers. The native-americans gathered fresh-water clams, fish and crawfish and built shell middens on


title: "Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual" content: 24th century, where "" is set; it also contains a wealth of behind-the-scenes trivia distinguishable from the technical content. The work is not considered by Paramount to be uncontradictable canon, although many elements first published in the manual have eventually made it onto screen. The book itself claims that elements of it may be false or misleading in order to mislead "threat" forces. Some ideas developed for the technical manual, or its predecessor, the internal "Writers Technical Manual", were later incorporated into the storylines of the TV series and movies. Most notably, a concept drawing from the manual describing an


title: "Snakes on a Plane" content: had to call his agent to clarify. Jackson would later defend his choice of starring in the movie by stating "it was the kind of movie I would have gone to see when I was a kid" further clarifying "I feel sorry for all those people that are going through that whole trip of ‘Why would Samuel Jackson do something like this?’ and ‘It’s lowbrow.’ It’s a movie. People go to movies on Saturday to get away from the war in Iraq and taxes and election news and pedophiles online and just go and have some fun and I like


title: "Andrejs Prohorenkovs" content: Andrejs Prohorenkovs Andrejs Prohorenkovs (born 5 February 1977 in Ogre) is a Latvian football midfielder, currently playing for FK Ogre in the Latvian First League. He also works as the manager of the club. Prohorenkovs started his career with Interskonto in the Latvian Higher League, and has since played for Hutnik Warszawa, Odra Opole and Górnik Zabrze in Poland, Maccabi Kiryat Gat and Maccabi Tel-Aviv in Israel, Dynamo Moscow in Russia, Melnā Roze and FK Jūrmala in Latvia, Racing de Ferrol in Spain, Ionikos in Greece, Liepājas Metalurgs, FC Jūrmala and FK Ogre in Latvia. Prior to the 2014 Latvian


title: Euphronios content: "hetaira", named "Syko" by the accompanying inscription, is playing the flute, while the host, named as Ekphantides, is chanting a song to honour Apollo. The words flood from his mouth in a composition resembling the speech bubbles of modern comics. Such scenes are relatively common. This is probably mostly because the vases were made to be used at comparable occasions, but perhaps also because painters like Euphronios belonged to the depicted circles of Athenian citizenry - or at least aspired to do so, as it is not clear to modern researchers what the social status of a vase painter was.


title: "Henry Smith Lane" content: support of some Democrats, were able to elect Lane and William McCarty to the United States Senate. The two men went to Washington to challenge the state's sitting Senators, but the Senate refused to accept the new Senators. In 1857, the Missouri Compromise was repealed. The act had a profound effect on Lane's position on slavery. While before he had supported compromise on the issue, the law's repeal led him to become a full-fledged abolitionist and favor anti-slavery action on the national level. Lane returned to Indiana where he continued to spread the ideas of the new party. In 1860,


title: "Permanent makeup" content: in most of those cases. Topical anesthetics are often used by technicians prior to cosmetic tattooing and there is the potential for adverse effects if topical anesthetics are not used safely. In 2013 the International Industry association CosmeticTattoo.org published a detailed position and general safety precautions for the entire industry. The causes of a change of colour after cosmetic tattooing are both complex and varied. As discussed in the detailed industry article "Why Do Cosmetic Tattoos Change Colour", primarily there are four main areas that have influence over the potential for a cosmetic tattoo to change colour; 1) Factors related


title: "Desi Anwar" content: Desi Anwar Desi Anwar (born Bandung, West Java; 11 December 1962) is an Indonesian news presenter. She worked for RCTI in Jakarta from 1990 to 1999. She then moved to news web portal Astaga.com before returning to television and joining Indonesia's first 24-hour news channel, Metro TV, in 2001. In 2015, she joined CNN Indonesia. Desi Anwar holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Sussex, England, and a Master of Arts degree from SOAS, University of London. Anwar was a Jefferson Fellow at the East-West Center, Honolulu, USA, in 1999. She speaks Indonesian, English and French. Anwar


title: "Adoption in the United States" content: via independent adoption. The 2000 census was the first census in which adoption statistics were collected. The estimated number of children adopted in the year 2000 was slightly over 128,000, bringing the total U.S. population of adopted children to 2,058,915. In 2008 the number of children adopted increased to nearly 136,000. The United States foster care system enables adults to care for minor children who are not able to live with their biological parents. In fiscal year 2000, 150,703 foster children were adopted in the United States, many by their foster parents or relatives of their biological parents. The enactment


title: Gemsbok content: Gemsbok The gemsbok, gemsbuck or South African oryx ("Oryx gazella") is a large antelope in the genus "Oryx". It is native to the arid regions of Southern Africa, such as the Kalahari Desert. Some authorities formerly included the East African oryx as a subspecies. The gemsbok is depicted on the coat of arms of Namibia, where the current population of the species is estimated at 373,000 individuals. The name "gemsbok" in English is derived from Afrikaans "gemsbok", which itself is derived from the Dutch name of the male chamois, "gemsbok". Although some superficial similarities in appearance (especially in the facial


title: Gemsbok content: pattern) are noticed, the chamois and the oryx are not closely related. The usual pronunciation in English is . Gemsbok are light brownish-grey to tan in colour, with lighter patches toward the bottom rear of the rump. Their tails are long and black in colour. A blackish stripe extends from the chin down the lower edge of the neck, through the juncture of the shoulder and leg along the lower flank of each side to the blackish section of the rear leg. They have muscular necks and shoulders, and their legs have white 'socks' with a black patch on the


title: Gemsbok content: front of both the front legs, and both genders have long, straight horns. Comparably, the East African oryx lacks a dark patch at the base of the tail, has less black on the legs (none on the hindlegs), and less black on the lower flanks. One very rare condition is the "Golden Oryx", in which the Gemsboks black markings are muted and now appear golden. Gemsbok are the largest species in the genus "Oryx". They stand about at the shoulder. The body length can vary from and the tail measures . Male gemsbok can weigh between , while females weigh


title: Gemsbok content: . Gemsbok are widely hunted for their spectacular horns that average in length. From a distance, the only outward difference between males and females is their horns, and many hunters mistake females for males each year. In males horns tend to be thicker with larger bases. Females have slightly longer, thinner horns. Female gemsbok use their horns to defend themselves and their offspring from predators, while males primarily use their horns to defend their territories from other males. Gemsbok are one of the few antelope species where female trophies are sometimes more desirable than male ones. A gemsbok horn can


title: Gemsbok content: be fashioned into a natural trumpet and, according to some authorities, can be used as a "shofar". Gemsbok live in herds of about 10–40 animals, which consist of a dominant male, a few nondominant males, and females. They are mainly desert-dwelling and do not depend on drinking water to supply their physiological needs. They can reach running speeds of up to . The gemsbok is generally a grazer but changes to browsing during the dry season or when grass is sparse. It may dig up to a meter deep to find roots and tubers, supplementing its water intake by eating


title: Gemsbok content: wild tsama melons and cucumbers, which can provide all the water required (3 liters per 100 kg bodyweight and day). The gemsbok is polygynous, with one resident male mating with the receptive females in the herd. The male is known to secure exclusive mating access to the females by attempting to herd mixed or nursery herds onto his territory. The gemsbok has no specified breeding season, but the young in a given herd tend to be of a similar age due to reproductive synchrony between females. Pregnant females leave the herd before giving birth. The gestation period lasts 270 days;