title: "Socket wrench" content: strength is mainly a function of the alloys and heat treatments used to make the socket along with wall thickness of the socket wrench as measured at the corner points (thinnest section). Specialized "wobble" or "swivel" sockets are made, that have a separate socket head and socket wrench connection. This allows the socket to wobble or swivel over a limited range, independent of the socket wrench or tool position, when it is attached to the bolt or nut. This may be a distinct advantage in some applications with restricted access. These "wobble/swivel" sockets, with their typical ball and socket joint


title: "STOP Foodborne Illness" content: others who have gone through similar situations to provide support and guidance. A toll-free helpline (1-800-350-STOP) is for the public to call and ask food safety questions. The helpline also provides assistance with issues pertaining to foodborne illness. Tips on how to navigate the public health and medical system are important to overwhelmed victims and families. The organization's website provides a medium to share one's story, become an advocate for a safer food supply, and provides information advantageous to those affected by foodborne illness or seeking education on the subject. STOP Foodborne Illness STOP Foodborne Illness, formerly known as Safe


title: "Rhinoceros auklet" content: Rhinoceros auklet The rhinoceros auklet ("Cerorhinca monocerata") is a seabird and a close relative of the puffins. It is the only extant species of the genus "Cerorhinca". Given its close relationship with the puffins, the common name rhinoceros puffin has been proposed for the species. It ranges widely across the North Pacific, feeding on small fish and nesting in colonies. Its name is derived from a horn-like extension of the beak (the anatomic term for this extension is the rhamphotheca). This horn is only present in breeding adults, and like the elaborate sheath on the bill of puffins is shed


title: "Rhinoceros auklet" content: every year. The rhinoceros auklet (also known as the rhino auklet, horn-billed puffin, or unicorn puffin), is a medium-sized auk with a large, strong, orange/brown bill (with the 'horn' protruding from it). The plumage is dark on top and paler below; breeding adults (both male and female) possess white plumes above the eyes and behind the bill. Males are slightly larger than females (about 10% in mass). The rhinoceros auklet is a North Pacific auk that breeds from California (the Channel Islands) to the Aleutian Islands in Alaska in North America; and Hokkaidō and Honshū, Japan, as well as North


title: "Rhinoceros auklet" content: Korea and Sakhalin Island in Asia. It winters both in offshore and inshore waters, exhibiting some migration. The rhinoceros auklet nests in burrows dug into the soil, or in natural caves and cavities between 1 and 5 m deep. It prefers nesting sites on slight inclines to aid take-off, as it is a poor flier. A single egg is incubated by both parents for 45 days. The semiprecocial chick is then fed each night with a bill full of fish (in the manner of puffins) for 50 days; this nocturnal behaviour is believed to be a response to predation and


title: "Rhinoceros auklet" content: kleptoparasitism by gulls. At sea, rhinoceros auklets feed on fish, with some krill and squid taken also. They feed inshore during the breeding season in the midwater. To catch their prey, they dive as deep as 57 meters (187 ft) for as long as 148 seconds. The genus "Cerorhinca" evolved in the North Pacific, apparently in the mid-late Miocene. Although today only one species remains, it used to be much more diverse, both in number of species and in distribution. Fossils have been found as far south as Baja California. The first record of the clade from the Atlantic Ocean


title: "Rhinoceros auklet" content: was reported by Smith et al. (2007) and suggests that the biogeographic history of "Cerorhinca" is more complex than previously thought. Known prehistoric species are: Rhinoceros auklet The rhinoceros auklet ("Cerorhinca monocerata") is a seabird and a close relative of the puffins. It is the only extant species of the genus "Cerorhinca". Given its close relationship with the puffins, the common name rhinoceros puffin has been proposed for the species. It ranges widely across the North Pacific, feeding on small fish and nesting in colonies. Its name is derived from a horn-like extension of the beak (the anatomic term for


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: Polynesian Cultural Center The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) is a Polynesian-themed theme park and living museum located in Laie, on the northern shore of Oahu, Hawaii. Owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and dedicated on October 12, 1963, the PCC occupies owned by nearby Brigham Young University–Hawaii. Within eight simulated tropical villages, performers demonstrate various arts and crafts from throughout Polynesia. Visitors may also take a free shuttle tour of the university and see the Laie Hawaii Temple and its associated visitors' center of the LDS Church. Seventy percent of the center's approximately 1,300


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: employees are students at BYU-Hawaii. Although it is largely a commercial venture, PCC profits fund various scholarship programs at BYU–Hawaii. Students may work up to 20 hours per week during school terms and 40 hours during breaks. The center was opened in 1963 as a way to provide employment and scholarships for students at BYU-Hawaii and to preserve the cultures of Polynesia. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s hukilau and luau beach gatherings to earn money to rebuild a local chapel belonging to the LDS Church, which had been destroyed in a fire. "The Hukilau Song," made famous


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: by Alfred Apaka, was written following the composer and song's original singer, Jack Owens's visit to Lāi.e.'s hukilau. The PCC is one of the most frequently visited tourist destinations in Hawaii. The PCC is the venue for the annual World Fire Knife Dance Competition, in which contestants display their skill with blazing swords. Since it opened its doors in 1963, over 32 million people have visited the center. Howard W. Hunter is credited with transforming the newly organized PCC from an unprofitable and unknown entity into one of the most popular tourist attractions in Hawaii. In addition to the daytime


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: exhibits and demonstrations, PCC features an evening show for an additional charge. As of 2009 the show is a multicultural Polynesian show titled "Hā–Breath of Life". The show features songs and dances from throughout Polynesia, including the hula, tamure, otea, titi torea, haka, poi, meke, tauʻolunga, and Taualuga. Past shows include "This is Polynesia", "Mana: The Spirit of Our People.", and "Horizons: Where the Sea Meets the Sky". The park has its own Special effect theater as well as a lagoon where visitors can take canoe rides accompanied by a guide or paddle by themselves. The Lagoon hosts a parade


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: of canoes that showcases the signature dances of each of Polynesian culture. The current show, "Rainbows of Paradise", which premiered in May 2010, was preceded by "This is Polynesia" and "Ancient Legends of Polynesia". Each of the major Polynesian cultures has its own section, centered on a traditional village. Hourly performances and cultural learning experiences take place in these villages. Villages include: In addition to the villages, the PCC has a special exhibit dedicated to Rapa Nui (Easter Island or Isla de Pascua) and a tribute to the 1850s LDS mission. Visitors may participate in a luau, such as the


title: "Polynesian Cultural Center" content: Alii Luau ("Royal Feast"), which offers traditional Polynesian fare, including pork cooked in an imu (an underground oven). They can observe the roasted pig in the imu prior to the meal. PCC hosts many special events, highlighting Hawaiian, Samoan, Tahitian and Māori cultures along with a Christmas festival and a Haunted Lagoon. Others include Moanikeala Hula festival and World Fireknife Championships and Micronesia Betelnut festival. Polynesian Cultural Center The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) is a Polynesian-themed theme park and living museum located in Laie, on the northern shore of Oahu, Hawaii. Owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day


title: "Portland Observatory" content: dark stain while the replacement wood was left its original lighter color. Greater Portland Landmarks, a non-profit organization, maintains the building. Guided tours with discussion about the history of the building and the neighborhood are provided by volunteer docents from Memorial Day to Columbus Day for a small fee. On very clear days the view from the cupola's balcony extends from the seaward horizon as far inland as Mount Washington. Portland Observatory The Portland Observatory is a historic maritime signal tower at 138 Congress Street in the Munjoy Hill section of Portland, Maine. Built in 1807, it is the only


title: "Ann Hansen" content: Archives' Anarchist Archives in 2011. Ann Hansen Ann Hansen is a Canadian anarchist and former member of Direct Action, a guerrilla organization famous for the 1982 bombing of a Litton Industries plant, which made components for American cruise missiles. She was sentenced to life in prison, but was released after eight years. Hansen wrote of her experiences in her 2002 book, "". She now works as a freelance writer in Ontario. Ann Hansen was born on July 16, 1953 and was raised in Concord, a rural town outside Toronto, by working-class Danish immigrants. Her father worked as a produce manager


title: Pageboy content: Pageboy The pageboy (or page boy) is a modern hairstyle named after what was believed to be the "pudding-basin" haircut of a late medieval page boy. It has straight hair hanging to below the ear, where it usually turns under. There is often a fringe (bangs) in the front. This style was popular in the late 1950s and 1960s. The pageboy hairstyle was developed and popularized for women in the 1950s. Its most notable feature were the bangs made famous by the fifties glamor and fetish model Bettie Page. It was sold to the public as the hairstyles worn historically


title: Pageboy content: by English pageboys. Major film actresses in the 2000s sported pageboys, and many fashionable women adopted it. A well cut pageboy is easy to maintain, and in the 1950s it was an edgy, stylish look. The pageboy is somewhat similar to a long bob cut. A pageboy hairstyle is a haircut which is designed for medium to short length hair. In the fifties the pageboy generally stopped at shoulder-length but later renditions saw the hair cut to just below the ear, where it curls under; in a reverse pageboy, the hair is curled outwards. Many hairstylists can make a pageboy


title: Pageboy content: and explain how it is maintained. This look suits a variety of face and body types. A pageboy flip has the bottom reversed to curl outward. Today, the pageboy is generally shoulder-length or a little longer. In the early 1950s, the New York City hairdresser M. Lewis popularized this style. Singer Toni Tennille of the 1970s pop duet Captain & Tennille wore one as her signature look. In the Oscar-winning film "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest", the villainous Nurse Ratched is known for her pageboy. In the "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" episode "Gone", Buffy has her hair cut into


title: Pageboy content: a pageboy. AnnaSophia Robb as Violet Beauregarde and Missi Pyle as Violet's mother Scarlett Beauregarde in Tim Burton's film version of "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" both sport pageboys. Velma Dinkley, of the various Scooby-Doo animated series, has worn a short pageboy from her first appearance. Rei Ayanami from "Neon Genesis Evangelion" wears a shaggy pageboy. At the end of the Japanese anime series "Kill la Kill," Satsuki Kiryuin cuts her hair into a page style. In John Green's bestseller "The Fault in Our Stars", narrator and main character Hazel Grace Lancaster sports a pageboy haircut. The most prominent women


title: Pageboy content: to wear pageboys in the 1970s and 80s were actress Joanna Lumley as the character Purdey in television's "The New Avengers", and Diana, Princess of Wales. In fact it was also known as the "Purdey Cut" and the "Lady Di" in the UK at the time. The pageboy was first popular in the 1900s with young boys as it was first popularized by child actors, such as John Tansey and, later, Jackie Coogan. The pageboy look on boys is often referred to as the Dutch Boy look after the popular fictional character. The pageboy returned to male fashion in the


title: Pageboy content: 1960s for grown men with straight hair after getting popularized by British rock bands such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. This was copied by many of the U.S. Garage Rock/Punk bands, including The Chocolate Watchband, ? and the Mysterians, and the Count Five. Andy Warhol and some members of The Velvet Underground also sported the androgynous haircut. The early Ramones haircuts were elongated pageboys, also sported, though less long, by the male members of Blondie. In the 1980s, the haircut became a symbol of Garage Punk and UK Beat music as seen on the album "Rockabilly Psychosis and


title: Pageboy content: the Garage Disease" and worn by bands with '60s influences the Barracudas and Primal Scream. Although it is currently a hairstyle worn far more by women, many men have worn it, including characters such as Mowgli in Disney's 1967 version of "The Jungle Book", He-Man in his 1980s incarnation, Anton Chigurh in "No Country for Old Men", and the eponymous star of the American comic strip "Prince Valiant". The latter instance inspired the pageboy's sometime nickname of "the Prince Valiant" or "Prince Valiant cut". The character of Willy Wonka as played by Johnny Depp in the film version of "Charlie


title: Pageboy content: and the Chocolate Factory" wore this hairstyle. David McCallum wore the hairstyle the 1975 TV series "The Invisible Man" and child actor Adam Rich popularized it for children in the series "Eight is Enough", which ran from 1977 to 1981. Pageboy The pageboy (or page boy) is a modern hairstyle named after what was believed to be the "pudding-basin" haircut of a late medieval page boy. It has straight hair hanging to below the ear, where it usually turns under. There is often a fringe (bangs) in the front. This style was popular in the late 1950s and 1960s. The


title: "Phil May (caricaturist)" content: earn his living in a solicitor's office; before he was fifteen he had acted as time-keeper at a foundry, had tried to become a jockey and had been on the stage at Scarborough and Leeds. He was fond of drawing and when only fourteen years old had drawings accepted for the "Yorkshire Gossip". When he was about seventeen he went to London with a sovereign in his pocket. He suffered extreme want, sleeping out in the parks and streets, until he obtained employment as designer to a theatrical costumier. He also drew posters and cartoons, and for about two years


title: "1941 (film)" content: the next to be attacked by Japanese forces . At a press conference at Daugherty Field in Long Beach, Captain Loomis Birkhead, Stilwell's aide, meets his old flame Donna Stratton, who has just become General Stilwell's new secretary. Aware that Donna is sexually aroused by airplanes, Birkhead lures her into the cockpit of a B-17 bomber to seduce her. When his amatory attempts fail, Donna punches him and knocks him out; as he falls, Birkhead accidentally releases a bomb, sending it rolling towards the podium just as the General promises, "There will be no bombs dropped here." The assembled reporters


title: "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk" content: his Prime Minister, İsmet İnönü. İnönü was worried about harming relations with Britain, France, and Balkan neighbors over the Straits. However, the signatories agreed to join the conference, since unlimited military passage had become unfavourable to Turkey with the changes in world politics. Mustafa Kemal demanded that the members of the Turkish Foreign Office devise a solution that would transfer full control over the waterway to Turkey. On 20 July 1936, the Montreux Convention was signed, with the participation of Bulgaria, Great Britain, Australia, France, Japan, Romania, the Soviet Union, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Greece. It became the primary instrument governing


title: "Lesli Kay" content: mutually agreeing to part ways with the show. In November 2005, Kay assumed the role of Felicia Forrester on "The Bold and the Beautiful", taking over for Colleen Dion after a year's absence. "Bold and the Beautiful" Head Writer Bradley Bell had planned to kill her character off from cancer. However, a huge fan outpouring, including petitions and numerous letters, in addition to Ms. Kay's job of making the role her own, convinced Bell to keep Kay on the cast. Her character, Felicia Forrester was resurrected from the dead. Lesli Kay invested herself into the cancer storyline so much that


title: "USS Susquehanna (1850)" content: was decommissioned on 15 March. Recommissioned on 5 May 1856, the ship joined the Mediterranean Squadron in July under the command of Joshua R. Sands. After serving as flagship, she returned and was laid up on 18 April 1858. Reactivated at the New York Navy Yard on 17 August 1860, the ship sailed for Veracruz, a week later and thence preceded to the Mediterranean. On the outbreak of the American Civil War, she departed La Spezia, Italy, on 5 May 1861 and reached Boston, Massachusetts, on 6 June. The ship was assigned to the Atlantic Blockading Squadron and sailed for


title: Bitburg content: and after World War I the Weimar Republic of Germany. In the interwar years, Bitburg, like most of the Eifel region, was impoverished and comparatively backward. Economic growth began after the Nazi Seizure of Power and the Nazi regime's introduction of employment-boosting public works projects, including infrastructure for war, particularly the Westwall; new armed forces barracks; and the development of the Kyll Valley railway. It is said that the building now used as the post office at Bitburg Annex (what is left of Bitburg Air Base) was the headquarters for Adolf Hitler when he was in the city. In late


title: "USA Perpignan" content: for the 2017–18 season is: USA Perpignan Union Sportive des Arlequins Perpignanais generally referred to as USA Perpignan, is a French rugby union club that plays in the city of Perpignan in Pyrénées-Orientales in the south of France. The club currently competes in the Top 14, the first level of the French league system. The club was founded in 1902 as AS Perpignan, renamed US Perpignan in 1919 and adopted its present name in 1933. Perpignan plays at Stade Aimé Giral (capacity 14,593). The club wears red and gold ("Sang et Or" = Blood and Gold) colours derived from the


title: "1933 World Series" content: in the sixth after two, two-out singles. for the Senators. Mel Ott's second home run of the series in the tenth off of Jack Russell won the Series for New York. Dolf Luque earned the win with 4 1/3 shutout innings of relief for Schumacher. 1933 World Series (4–1): New York Giants (N.L.) over Washington Senators (A.L.) Washington, D.C. has not hosted another World Series since 1933. In 2012, the Washington Nationals, formerly the Montreal Expos, brought back postseason play to D.C. for the first time in 79 years but blew the NLDS one strike away from eliminating the St.


title: "Albert Calmette" content: were implemented. Notwithstanding, Calmette was deeply shaken by the event, dying one year later, in Paris. He was the brother of Gaston Calmette (1858–1914), the editor of "Le Figaro" who was murdered in 1914 by Henriette Caillaux, socialite wife of Finance Minister Joseph Caillaux. Today, his name is one of the few remaining French names in the streets of Ho Chi Minh City (others being Yersin, Alexandre de Rhodes, Pasteur). A new bridge (completed in 2009) is also named "Calmette" connecting district 1 to district 4, also connected to the exit of the new Thu Thiem tunnel connecting the district


title: "United Airlines Flight 615" content: The ADF threw the plane off course and below the prescribed altitude of . United Airlines Flight 615 United Airlines Flight 615 was a US transcontinental east-west airline service from Boston to Hartford, Cleveland, Chicago, Oakland and San Francisco. On August 24, 1951, the Douglas DC-6B with registration operating the service, crashed on approach to Oakland, causing the death of all 44 passengers and 6 crew members on board. The flight departed Chicago at 10:59 p.m. CST en route to Oakland. At around 4:16 a.m., the plane was approaching Oakland. At this time, the pilot, Marion W. Hedden of Los


title: "Cabinet of the Philippines" content: Minister. Under her revolutionary powers, President Corazon Aquino abolished the system of government ministries and restored the department system. With the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, this change became permanent. Cabinet of the Philippines The Cabinet of the Philippines (Filipino: "Gabinete ng Pilipinas", usually referred to as the Cabinet or Filipino: "Gabinete") consists of the heads of the largest part of the executive branch of the national government of the Philippines. Currently, it includes the secretaries of 20 executive departments and the heads of other several other minor agencies and offices that are subordinate to the President of the Philippines.


title: "Ghulam Faruque Khan" content: as well as to the Mohallah Khan Khel (Khel stands for a family or descendants) clan who came here when two sons of Khushal Khan Khattak, named Shahbaz Khan Khattak and Abdul Qadir Khan Khattak, came from Akora Khattak to Shaidu. The two larger groups of Khan Khel descend from the brothers. The Akor Khels, a clan named after Akoray, still hold a prominent position in the Khattak tribe. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1944 New Year Honours, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire


title: "Béla H. Bánáthy" content: on the application of systems and design theories and methodologies in social, social service, educational, and human development systems. In the 1980s he developed and guided a Ph.D. curriculum in humanistic systems inquiry and social systems design for the Saybrook Graduate School. In 1981, he founded the International Systems Institute (ISI), a non-profit, public benefit scientific and educational corporation in Carmel, California, USA. He organized its first meeting at Fuschl am See, Austria in 1982. Banathy introduced a unique and never-before used approach to organizing the International Systems Institute conferences. Banathy observed that in traditional conferences, a few usually well-respected


title: Karoo content: consolidated to form the Stormberg Group, the remnants of which are found only in the immediate vicinity of Lesotho. Several dinosaur nests, containing eggs, some with dinosaur fetal skeletons in them, have been found in these rocks, near what had once been a swampy pan. Finally, about 180 million years ago, volcanic activity took place on a titanic scale, which brought an end to a flourishing reptile evolution. These genera represent some of the extinct, mainly predinosaur, animals of the Karoo: Karoo Koppies hills are capped by hard, erosion-resistant dolerite sills. This is solidified lava that was forced under high


title: "Handle with Care (song)" content: with Care" as a "glorious example of the way in which a synthesis of contrasting talents can produce music that is effortless and natural". With reference to the musical eras represented by Orbison, Harrison and Dylan, respectively, he concludes: "its real significance rests ... on its symbolic fusion of three revolutionary moments in the history of rock 'n' roll that had their beginnings in Sam Phillips' Sun Studio in Memphis, in the clubs and bars of Liverpool and Hamburg, and in the folk venues of New York's Greenwich Village." Author Simon Leng views the song as a "worthy hit" that


title: "Aerial perspective" content: smallest contrast for which a person can see a sine-wave grating. A person's contrast sensitivity function is contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. Normally, peak contrast sensitivity is at about 4 cycles per degree of visual angle. At higher spatial frequencies, comprising finer and finer lines, contrast sensitivity decreases, until at about 40 cycles per degree even the brightest of bright lines and the darkest of dark lines cannot be seen. The high spatial frequencies in an image give it its fine details. Reducing the contrast of an image reduces the visibility of these high spatial frequencies because


title: "John Fitzalan, 3rd Lord of Oswestry" content: John Fitzalan, 3rd Lord of Oswestry John FitzAlan, 3rd Lord of Clun and Oswestry (1200–1240) in the Welsh Marches in the county of Shropshire. John succeeded his brother, William Fitz Alan, 2nd Lord of Oswestry and Clun, who died in 1216 without issue. They were sons of William Fitz Alan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun (d. c1210) and the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, name unknown; The FitzAlans were descendants of Alan fitzFlaad, a Breton. He was one of the feudal barons who became a target for the anger of King John of England, whose forces attacked Oswestry town


title: "American badger" content: average home ranges of . Estimated density of American badgers in Utah scrub-steppe was one per square mile (2.6 km), with 10 dens in active or recent use. , overdevelopment of American Badger habitat had resulted in reduced range, decreased prey, and forced badgers into contact with man foraging between fragments. Direct observations in Sonoma County, documenting habitat and badger sightings and foraging, reflect various ranges within the fragmented habitat areas from less than 1/2 mile to approximately 4 miles. Within these areas, the availability of prey and a fresh water source are key factors for the preferred habitat areas


title: "Charles L. Grant" content: Charles L. Grant Charles Lewis Grant (September 12, 1942 – September 15, 2006) was an American novelist and short story writer specializing in what he called "dark fantasy" and "quiet horror." He also wrote under the pseudonyms of Geoffrey Marsh, Lionel Fenn, Simon Lake, Felicia Andrews, and Deborah Lewis. Charles L. Grant was born in Newark, New Jersey. He received a B.A. from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1964 and taught for four years. Then, from 1968 to 1970, Grant served in the U.S. Army military police in Vietnam and was awarded a Bronze Star. From 1973 to 1977, Grant


title: "Neanderthal extinction" content: Yoruba and San probands). Modern-human findings in Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Portugal allegedly featuring Neanderthal admixtures have been published. However, the interpretation of the Portuguese specimen is disputed. Jordan, in his work "Neanderthal", points out that without some interbreeding, certain features on some "modern" skulls of Eastern European Cro-Magnon heritage are hard to explain. In another study, researchers have recently found in Peştera Muierilor, Romania, remains of European humans from ~37,000–42,000 years agowho possessed mostly diagnostic "modern" anatomical features, but "also" had distinct Neanderthal features not present in ancestral modern humans in Africa, including a large bulge at the back


title: "Gaius Fabricius Luscinus" content: be buried by the state. A quote wailed by a mysterious voice in Canto XX 24-27 reveals this: "O Good Fabricius, you who chose to live with virtue in your poverty, rather than live in luxury with vice." Gaius Fabricius Luscinus Gaius Fabricius Luscinus Monocularis ("the one-eyed"), son of Gaius, was said to have been the first of the Fabricii to move to ancient Rome, his family originating from Aletrium. In 284 BC he was one of the ambassadors to Tarentum, successfully keeping peace, and was elected consul in 282 BC where he saved the Greek city Thurii from the


title: Usnea content: Usnea Usnea is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs. The genus is in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows all over the world. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, or beard lichen. Like other lichens it is a symbiosis of a fungus and an alga. In "Usnea", the fungus belongs to the division Ascomycota, while the alga is a member of the division Chlorophyta. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus "Alectoria". A distinguishing test is that the branches


title: Usnea content: of "Usnea" are somewhat elastic, but the branches of "Alectoria" snap cleanly off. As a fruticose lichen, "Usnea" appears as a shrub-like growth on host trees. Unlike other similar-looking fruticose lichens, species in this genus have an elastic chord or axis running through the middle of the thallus that can be revealed by gently pulling a filament apart from either end. It reproduces via vegetative means through fragmentation, asexual means through soredia, or sexual means through ascogonium and spermatogonium. The growth rate of lichens in nature is slow, but the growth rate has been sped up in laboratory conditions where


title: Usnea content: "Usnea" is being cultured. "Usnea" looks very similar to the plant Spanish moss, so much so that the latter's Latin name is derived from it ("Tillandsia usneoides", the 'Usnea-like Tillandsia'). Many species have been described. A three-volume series by Józef Motyka published in 1936 and 1947 distinguished 451 species. Many of these are now regarded as morphological varieties and adaptations to local circumstances. The taxonomic categorization of many members of this genus remains uncertain. The number of recognized species in Finland is decreasing for this reason, from 34 in 1951 to 25 in 1963 and only 12 in 2000. It


title: Usnea content: is now noted as including more than 600 species and being one of the largest genera within the Parmeliaceae. The species "Usnea longissima" was renamed "Dolichousnea longissima" in 2004. Like other lichens, "Usnea" often grows on sick or dying trees due to the pre-existing loss of canopy leaves, allowing for greater photosynthesis by the lichen's algae; this leads some gardeners to mistakenly blame the lichen for the tree's leaf loss and illness. "Usnea" is very sensitive to air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide. Under bad conditions they may grow no larger than a few millimetres, if they survive at all. Where


title: Usnea content: the air is unpolluted, they can grow to 10–20 cm long. It can sometimes be used as a bioindicator, because it tends to only grow in those regions where the air is clean, and of high quality. According to Paul Bergner, Author of Medical Herbalism. "The usnic acid in "Usnea" is effective against gram positive bacteria such as "Streptococcus" and "Staphylococcus", making "Usnea" a valuable addition to herbal formulas for sore throats and skin infections. It is also effective against a bacterium that commonly causes pneumonia Table 19.x shows some conditions that "Usnea" has been used for in European research."


title: Usnea content: There is reason to believe that "Usnea", in high concentrations, could possess some toxicity. The National Toxicology Program is currently evaluating the issue. "Usnea" species have been used to create orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple dyes for textiles. "Usnea barbata" has been used in cosmetic production for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties as a preservative and deodorant. "Usnea barbata" when dry is extremely flammable and is often used as a firestarter. There are about 87 species of "Usnea". Usnea Usnea is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark


title: "Paulus Hector Mair" content: extensive manuscript, have been preserved. Not only did Mair spend huge sums on his collections and on his projects, he also had a very expensive lifestyle, frequently hosting receptions for the more important burghers of Augsburg. His own income was not sufficient for this, and during many years, he misappropriated funds from the city treasury, with the supervision of which he had been entrusted since 1541. His embezzlements were discovered in 1579, and Mair was hanged as a thief at the age of 62. Mair compiled a voluminous, encyclopedic compendium of the martial arts of his time, collected in 16


title: "Paul Ince" content: Dons on 12 September 2006. Ince only played one other game for Swindon after the MK victory – before the club announced that Ince had felt he could not fulfil his playing duties with the club and that his contract had been terminated by mutual consent, although he continued coaching at the club to complete his coaching badges. On 23 October 2006, Ince was confirmed as the new player-manager of Macclesfield Town in succession to Brian Horton. However, he was ineligible to play for the Silkmen until January when the transfer window opened, as Swindon Town still held his registration.


title: "Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series)" content: in the third season, it was replaced with an identical one. During the seventh and last season, Detective Hunter drove a new silver 1990 Ford LTD Crown Victoria. During the first two seasons, McCall drove a garnet red and silver 1984 Dodge Daytona Turbo Z. Then starting with season three and on through season five, McCall drove a bright red 1987 Daytona Shelby Z (Sometimes though, a "Turbo Z" badge on this Daytona is also clearly visible). During the sixth season - her final season, she drove a gold-colored 1990 Dodge Dynasty. (An episode during the fourth or fifth season


title: "T-2 mycotoxin" content: subunit, peptidyltransferase, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. These effects are thought to be the explanation for T-2 toxin inducing apoptosis (cell death) in different tissues as the immune system, the gastrointestinal tissue and also fetal tissue. With regard to apoptosis there has been noticed that the level of the pro-apoptotic factor Bas (Bcl-2-associated X protein) was increased and the level of Bcl-xl, an anti-apoptotic factor, was decreased in human chrondocytes (cartilage cells). When exposed to T-2 mycotoxin. Furthermore, the level of Fas, an apoptosis-related cell-surface antigen and p53, a protein regulating the cell cycle, were increased. T-2 toxin is metabolized after


title: Moneen content: performed in Toronto at Cuchulainn's Irish Pub, and in 2017 the band played a four-date tour leading up to the 10th anniversary of The Red Tree, held at Lee's Palace in Toronto. Moneen Moneen (sometimes stylised as .moneen.) is a Canadian indie rock band from Brampton, Ontario. Moneen formed in 1999 after the dissolution of another band, called Perfectly Normal. The founding members were singe/guitarist Kenny Bridges, bassist Mark Bowser, drummer Peter Krpan and singer/guitarist Chris Hughes. The band recorded their first EP "Smaller Chairs for the Early 1900s" in Kenny's basement. They then re-released it on Smallman Records with


title: "Shrine of the Book" content: Shrine of the Book The Shrine of the Book (, "Heikhal HaSefer") is a wing of the Israel Museum in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem that houses the Dead Sea Scrolls. Initially, it was intended to build a home for the scrolls on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University, adjoining the Jewish National and University Library. The building was constructed in 1965, funded by the family of David Samuel Gottesman, a Hungarian-Jewish philanthropist. The building was designed by Armand Phillip Bartos, Frederick John Kiesler and Gezer Heller over a period of seven years. The shrine is built


title: "Shrine of the Book" content: as a white dome, covering a structure placed two-thirds below the ground, that is reflected in a pool of water that surrounds it. Across from the white dome is a black basalt wall. According to one interpretation, the colors and shapes of the building are based on the imagery of the Scroll of the War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness; the white dome symbolizes the Sons of Light and the black wall symbolizes the Sons of Darkness As the fragility of the scrolls makes it impossible to display all on a continuous basis, a system


title: "Shrine of the Book" content: of rotation is used. After a scroll has been exhibited for 3–6 months, it is removed from its showcase and placed temporarily in a special storeroom, where it "rests" from exposure. The shrine houses the Isaiah scroll, dating from the second century BCE, the most intact of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Aleppo Codex, dating from the 10th century CE, the oldest existing Hebrew Bible. In 2013, the Bank of Israel released an Israeli bullion coin dedicated to the Shrine of the Book. Shrine of the Book The Shrine of the Book (, "Heikhal HaSefer") is a wing of


title: "Oarsome Foursome" content: profile of rowing in Australia. Following a break in 1997 they returned to World Class Rowing in 1998 winning gold at the 1998 Cologne World Championships as a coxed four steered by Brett Hayman. At those same championships McKay and Ginn took silver as a coxless pair and Green, Tomkins and Hayman were also crowned World Champions in a coxed pair. The Australian coxless four at Sydney 2000, contained no members of any previous Oarsome Foursome although Tomkins won a bronze medal with Matthew Long in a coxless pair. Again at Athens 2004 the coxless four contained all new faces


title: "Declaration by United Nations" content: the declaration. One major change from the Atlantic Charter was the addition of a provision for religious freedom, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted. By spring 1945 it was signed by 21 more states. Declaration by United Nations was the basis of the modern UN. The term "United Nations" became synonymous during the war with the Allies and was considered to be the formal name that they were fighting under. The text of the declaration affirmed the signatories' perspective "that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights


title: "The Adventure of the Three Students" content: it is for a sizeable scholarship. Three students who will take the exam live above him in the same building. The first, Gilchrist, is athletic, being a hurdler and a long-jumper, and industrious (in contrast to his father who squandered his fortune in horse racing); the second, Daulat Ras, is described as quiet and methodical; the third is Miles McLaren, a gifted man but thoroughly dissolute and given to gambling. Holmes examines the office. The cheater obviously took the papers over to the window one by one while he copied them so that he could see Soames returning, but as


title: Neil content: Neil Neil is a masculine given name of Gaelic origin. The name is an Anglicisation of the Irish "Niall" which is of disputed derivation. The Irish name may be derived from words meaning "cloud", "passionate", or "champion". As a surname, Neil is traced back to Niall of the Nine Hostages who was an Irish king and eponymous ancestor of the Uí Néill and MacNeil kindred. Most authorities cite the meaning of Neil in the context of a surname as meaning "champion". The Gaelic name was adopted by the Vikings and taken to Iceland as "Njáll" (see Nigel). From Iceland it


title: "Northern Branch" content: grade crossing of Newark Avenue, freight trains typically used the New Jersey Junction Railroad and West Shore Railroad, renamed as Conrail's River Line, to go through northern New Jersey. Around 1994, a short elevated track, known as the Marion Running Track, was built to connect the Passaic and Harsimus Line towards Kearny with the Northern Branch. This provided the Northern Branch with a direct connection to other lines heading west and south at Marion Junction. After the breakup of Conrail in 1999, the Northern Branch was divided. Conrail Shared Assets Operations retained the tracks from Marion Junction to the CSX


title: "Military history of the Soviet Union" content: and its client state Manchukuo; it was deployed when the Soviet Union, in agreement with Nazi Germany, took part in the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and occupied the Baltic States (June 1940), Bessarabia (June–July 1940) and Northern Bukovina (June–July 1940) (from Romania). In World War II the Red Army became a major military force in the defeat of Nazi Germany and conquered Manchuria. After the war, it occupied East Germany and many nations in central and eastern Europe, which became satellite states in the Soviet bloc. Following the Allies' victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, the Soviet


title: "William Conybeare (geologist)" content: to Christ Church, Oxford, where in 1808 he took his degree of BA, with a first in classics and second in mathematics, and proceeded to MA three years later. Having entered holy orders he became in 1814 curate of Wardington, near Banbury, and he accepted also a lectureship at Brislington near Bristol. During this period he was one of the founders of the Bristol Philosophical Institution (1822). He was rector of Sully in Glamorganshire from 1823 to 1836, and vicar of Axminster from 1836 to 1844. He was appointed Bampton lecturer in 1839, called and later published in a book


title: "Tran Dinh Truong" content: Tran Dinh Truong Trường Đình Trần (1932 – May 6, 2012), a Vietnamese-American, was born in South Vietnam. Tran was the principal owner of the Vishipco Line, the largest shipping company in South Vietnam in the 1970s. As a shipowner, he earned millions of dollars hauling cargo for the United States military. His actions during the last day of the Fall of Saigon have been the subject of debate. Tran states that he used his company's resources, including 24 commercial ships and hundreds of trucks, to aid in the evacuation of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians and military personnel to


title: KDWN content: good radio between nighttime and dawn in Los Angeles, San Francisco and around the West Coast. So Bell called the show "West Coast AM" because it aired between 1 and 6 a.m. Pacific Time. Bell began by discussing mostly politics. But he increasingly added discussions of the paranormal and conspiracy theories to the program, resulting in increased ratings and national attention. The show got nationwide syndication in 1993, when it was renamed "Coast to Coast AM." Bell did the show from the Plaza Hotel, where KDWN had studios. Later it moved to a studio in his home in nearby Pahrump,


title: "Tower of David" content: Tower of David The Tower of David (, "Migdal David", , "Burj Daud"), also known as the Jerusalem Citadel, is an ancient citadel located near the Jaffa Gate entrance to western edge of the Old City of Jerusalem. The citadel that stands today dates to the Mamluk and Ottoman periods. It was built on the site of a series of earlier ancient fortifications of the Hasmonean, Herodian-era, Byzantine and Early Muslim periods, after being destroyed repeatedly during the last decades of Crusader presence in the Holy Land by Ayyubid and Mamluk rulers. It contains important archaeological finds dating back over


title: "Tower of David" content: 2,000 years including a quarry dated to the First Temple period, and is a popular venue for benefit events, craft shows, concerts, and sound-and-light performances. Dan Bahat writes that the original three Hasmonean towers were altered by Herod, and that "The northeastern tower was replaced by a much larger, more massive tower, dubbed the "Tower of David" beginning in the 5th century C.E." The name "Tower of David" is due to Byzantine Christians who believed the site to be the palace of King David. They borrowed the name "Tower of David" from the Song of Songs, attributed to Solomon, King


title: "Tower of David" content: David's son, who wrote: "Thy neck is like the Tower of David built with turrets, whereon there hang a thousand shields, all the armor of the mighty men." (Song of Songs, 4:4) As evidenced by the archaeological discovery of the Broad Wall, King Hezekiah was the first to fortify this area. The city's fortifications demonstrate that by the late eighth century the city had expanded to include the hill to the west of the Temple Mount. The motivation for building the walled fortification was the expected invasion of Judea by Sennacherib. The wall might be the one referred to in


title: "Tower of David" content: Nehemiah 3:8 and Isaiah 22:9-10 During the 2nd century BCE, the Old City of Jerusalem expanded further onto the so-called Western Hill. This 773-meter-high prominence, which comprises the modern Armenian and Jewish Quarters as well as Mount Zion, was bounded by steep valleys on all sides except for the northern one. The first settlement in this area was about 150 BCE around the time of the Hasmonean kings when what Josephus Flavius named "the First Wall" was constructed. Herod, who wrestled the power away from the Hasmonean dynasty, added three massive towers to the fortifications in 37–34 BCE. He built


title: "Tower of David" content: these at the vulnerable northwest corner of the Western Hill, where the Citadel is now located. His purpose was not only to defend the city, but to safeguard his own royal palace located nearby on Mount Zion. Herod named the tallest of the towers, 145 feet in height, the Phasael in memory of his brother who had committed suicide while in captivity. Another tower was called the Mariamne, named for his second wife whom he had executed and buried in a cave to the west of the tower. He named the third tower the Hippicus after one of his friends.


title: "Tower of David" content: Of the three towers, only the base of one of them survives until today - either the Phasael or, as argued by archaeologist Hillel Geva who excavated the Citadel, the Hippicus Tower. Of the original tower itself (now called the "Tower of David"), some sixteen courses of the original stone ashlars can still be seen rising from ground level, upon which were added smaller stones in a later period, which added significantly to its height. During the Jewish war with Rome, Simon bar Giora made the tower his place of residence. Following the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in


title: "Tower of David" content: 70 CE, the three towers were preserved as a testimony of the might of the fortifications overcome by the Roman legions, and the site served as barracks for the Roman troops. When the empire adopted Christianity as its favoured religion in the 4th century, a community of monks established itself in the citadel. It was during the Byzantine period that the remaining Herodian tower, and by extension the Citadel as a whole, acquired its alternative name - the Tower of David - after the Byzantines, mistakenly identifying the hill as Mount Zion, presumed it to be David's palace mentioned in


title: "Tower of David" content: . After the Arab conquest of Jerusalem in 638, the new Muslim rulers refurbished the citadel. This powerful structure withstood the assault of the Crusaders in 1099, and surrendered only when its defenders were guaranteed safe passage out of the city. During the Crusader period, thousands of pilgrims undertook the pilgrimage to Jerusalem by way of the port at Jaffa. To protect pilgrims from the menace of highway robbers, the Crusaders built a tower surrounded by a moat atop the citadel, and posted lookouts to guard the road to Jaffa. The citadel also protected the newly erected palace of the


title: "Tower of David" content: Crusader kings of Jerusalem, located immediately south of the citadel. In 1187, Sultan Saladin captured the city including the citadel. In 1239 the Ayyubid emir of Karak, An-Nasir Dawud, attacked the Crusader garrison and destroyed the citadel. In 1244 the Khwarazmians defeated and banished the Crusaders from Jerusalem for a last time, destroying the entire city in the process. The Mamluks destroyed the citadel in 1260. In 1310 the citadel was rebuilt by Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, who gave it much of its present shape. The citadel was expanded between 1537 and 1541 by the Ottoman sultan Suleiman


title: "Tower of David" content: the Magnificent, whose architects designed a large entrance, behind which stood a cannon emplacement. For 400 years, the citadel served as a garrison for Turkish troops. The Ottomans also installed a mosque near the southwest corner of the citadel commonly known as the Mehrab e Qala'a e Daood (Prayer niche of Tower of David), erecting a minaret during the years 1635-1655. In the 19th century the conspicuous minaret, which still stands today, took over the title of "Tower of David", so that the name can now refer to either the whole Citadel or the minaret alone. During World War I,


title: "Tower of David" content: British forces under General Edmund Allenby captured Jerusalem. General Allenby formally proclaimed the event standing on a platform outside the eastern gate to the citadel. During the period of the British Mandate (1917–1948), the High Commissioner established the Pro-Jerusalem Society to protect the city's cultural heritage. This organization cleaned and renovated the citadel and reopened it to the public as a venue for concerts, benefit events and exhibitions by local artists. In the 1930s, a museum of Palestinian folklore was opened in the citadel, displaying traditional crafts and clothing. Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Arab Legion captured Jerusalem and


title: "Tower of David" content: converted the citadel back to its historical role as a military position, as it commanded a dominant view across the armistice line into Jewish Jerusalem. With the Israeli victory of 1967 after the Six-Day War, the citadel's cultural role was revived. The Tower of David Museum of the History of Jerusalem was opened in 1989 by the Jerusalem Foundation. Located in a series of chambers in the original citadel, the museum includes a courtyard which contains archeological ruins dating back 2,700 years. The exhibits depict 4,000 years of Jerusalem's history, from its beginnings as a Canaanite city to modern times.


title: "Tower of David" content: Using maps, videotapes, holograms, drawings and models, the exhibit rooms each depict Jerusalem under its various rulers. Visitors may also ascend to the ramparts, which command a 360-degree view of the Old City and New City of Jerusalem. As of 2002, the Jerusalem Foundation reported that over 3.5 million visitors had toured the museum. Tower of David The Tower of David (, "Migdal David", , "Burj Daud"), also known as the Jerusalem Citadel, is an ancient citadel located near the Jaffa Gate entrance to western edge of the Old City of Jerusalem. The citadel that stands today dates to the


title: "Saline (medicine)" content: litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the osmotic coefficient, a correction for non-ideal solutions, then the saline solution is much closer to isotonic. Osmotic coefficient of NaCl is about 0.93; therefore 0.154 × 1000 × 2 × .93 = 286.44) Nonetheless, the osmolarity of normal saline is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood. One litre of 0.9% Saline contains: For medical purposes, saline is often used to flush wounds and skin abrasions. Normal saline will not burn or sting when applied. Saline is also used in I.V. therapy, intravenously supplying extra water to


title: "Telshe yeshiva" content: teenage girls. Rabbi Bloch felt that such a concept was called for and in 1927 a high school department for girls was established in Telshe. The school found immediate praise and support from many rabbis and community leaders who saw the immense value that such an institute had to offer. In 1930, a sister institute to The Yavneh Teacher's Training Institute was opened by Rabbi Joseph Leib Bloch of Telz, who hired Kovno-born Dr. Yitzhak Raphael Etzion (Holzberg) to run it. The school offered a two-year course to young women who wished to enter the field of education. Like its


title: "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ" content: of "Ben-Hur" is considered one of the greatest films ever made and was seen by tens of millions, going on to win a record 11 Academy Awards in 1960, after which the book's sales increased and it surpassed "Gone with the Wind". It was blessed by Pope Leo XIII, the first novel ever to receive such praise. The success of the novel and its stage and film adaptations also helped it to become a popular cultural icon that was used to promote numerous commercial products. The story recounts the adventures of Judah Ben-Hur, a Jewish prince from Jerusalem, who is


title: Pandanus content: Pandanus Pandanus is a genus of monocots with some 750 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan (), screw palm, and screw pine. They are classified in the order Pandanales, family Pandanaceae. Often called pandanus palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. The species vary in size from small shrubs less than tall, to medium-sized trees tall, typically with a broad canopy, heavy fruit, and moderate growth rate. The trunk is stout, wide-branching, and ringed with many leaf scars. Mature plants can have


title: Pandanus content: branches. Depending on the species, the trunk can be smooth, rough, or warty. The roots form a pyramidal tract to hold the trunk. They commonly have many thick stilt roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. These roots are adventitious and often branched. The top of the plant has one or more crowns of strap-shaped leaves that may be spiny, varying between species from to or longer, and from up to broad. They are dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on different plants. The flowers of the male tree


title: Pandanus content: are long and fragrant, surrounded by narrow, white bracts. The female tree produces flowers with round fruits that are also bract-surrounded. The individual fruit is a drupe, and these merge to varying degrees forming multiple fruit, a globule structure, in diameter and have many prism-like sections, resembling the fruit of the pineapple. Typically, the fruit changes from green to bright orange or red as it matures. The fruits can stay on the tree for more than 12 months. These plants grow from sea level to . "Pandanus" trees are of cultural, health, and economic importance in the Pacific, second only


title: Pandanus content: to the coconut on atolls. They grow wild mainly in semi-natural vegetation in littoral habitats throughout the tropical and subtropical Pacific, where they can withstand drought, strong winds, and salt spray. They propagate readily from seed, but popular cultivars are also widely propagated from branch cuttings by local people. Species growing on exposed coastal headlands and along beaches have thick 'stilt roots' as anchors in the loose sand. Those stilt roots emerge from the stem, usually close to but above the ground, which helps to keep the plants upright and secure them to the ground. While pandanus are distributed throughout


title: Pandanus content: the tropical and subtropical islands and coastlines of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, they are most numerous on the low islands and barren atolls of Polynesia and Micronesia. Other species are adapted to mountain habitats and riverine forests. The tree is grown and propagated from shoots that form spontaneously in the axils of lower leaves. "Pandanus" fruits are eaten by animals including bats, rats, crabs, and elephants, but the vast majority of species are dispersed primarily by water. Its fruit can float and spread to other islands without help from humans. Pandanus leaves are used for handicrafts. Artisans collect


title: Pandanus content: the leaves from plants in the wild, cutting only mature leaves so that the plant will naturally regenerate. The leaves are sliced into fine strips and sorted for further processing. Weavers produce basic pandan mats of standard size or roll the leaves into pandan ropes for other designs. This is followed by a coloring process, in which pandan mats are placed in drums with water-based colors. After drying, the colored mats are shaped into final products, such as placemats or jewelry boxes. Final color touch-ups may be applied. Pandan leaves from "Pandanus amaryllifolius" are used widely in Southeast Asian and


title: Pandanus content: South Asian cuisines to add a distinct aroma to various dishes and to complement flavors like chocolate. Because of their similarity in usage, pandan leaves are sometimes referred to as the "vanilla of Asia." Fresh leaves are typically torn into strips, tied in a knot to facilitate removal, placed in the cooking liquid, then removed at the end of cooking. Dried leaves and bottled extract may be bought in some places. Pandan leaves are known as "daun pandan" in Indonesian and Malay; "dahon ng pandan" (lit. "pandan leaf") or simply "pandan" in Filipino; 斑蘭 ("bān lán") in Mandarin; as ใบเตย


title: Pandanus content: ("bai toei"; ) in Thai, "lá dứa" in Vietnamese; "pulao pata" in Bengali; and "rampe" in Sinhalese and Hindi. In Southeast Asia, pandan leaves are mainly used in sweets such as coconut jam and pandan cake. In Indonesia and Malaysia, pandan is also added to rice and curry dishes such as "nasi lemak". In the Philippines, pandan leaves are commonly paired with coconut meat (a combination referred to as "buko pandan") in various desserts and drinks like "maja blanca" and "gulaman". In Indian cooking, the leaf is added whole to biryani, a kind of rice pilaf, made with ordinary rice


title: Pandanus content: (as opposed to that made with the premium-grade basmati rice). The basis for this use is that both basmati and pandan leaf contains the same aromatic flavoring ingredient, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. In Sri Lanka, pandan leaves are a major ingredient used in the country's cuisine. "Kewra" (also spelled "Kevda" or "Kevada") is an extract distilled from the pandan flower, used to flavor drinks and desserts in Indian cuisine. Also, "kewra" or "kevada" is used in religious worship, and the leaves are used to make hair ornaments worn for their fragrance as well as decorative purpose in western India. Species with large and


title: Pandanus content: medium fruit are edible, notably the many cultivated forms of "P. tectorius" ("P. pulposus") and "P. utilis". The fruit is eaten raw or cooked. Small-fruited pandanus may be bitter and astringent. Karuka nuts ("P. julianettii") are an important staple food in New Guinea. Over 45 cultivated varieties are known. Entire households will move, and in some areas will speak a pandanus language at harvest time. The taste is like coconut or walnuts. Throughout Oceania, almost every part of the plant is used, with various species different from those used in Southeast Asian cooking. "Pandanus" trees provide materials for housing; clothing


title: Pandanus content: and textiles including the manufacture of dilly bags (carrying bags), fine mats or "‘ie toga"; sails, food, medication, decorations, fishing, and religious uses. Note: several species previously placed in "Pandanus" subgenus "Acrostigma" are now in the distinct genus "Benstonea". Pandanus Pandanus is a genus of monocots with some 750 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan (), screw palm, and screw pine. They are classified in the order Pandanales, family Pandanaceae. Often called pandanus palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. The species


title: "Jutlandic dialect" content: considered part of South Jutlandic ("Sønderjysk"). e.g. In Southern Jutlandic, Scandinavian post-vocalic "p, k" become word-finally, whereas Standard Danish has "b, g", e.g. "søge" 'to seek' = Standard Danish , "tabe" 'lose' = Standard Danish . In the northern part of Southern Jutland, these sounds are voiced fricatives between vowels, i.e. : e.g. "søger" 'seeks' = Standard Danish , "taber" 'loses' = Standard Danish . Standard Danish has a large vowel inventory and contrasts length on many vowels. Vowels can also be glottalized where the so-called "stød" is present and many change their quality depending on whether or not it


title: "Equisetum fluviatile" content: Equisetum fluviatile Equisetum fluviatile, the water horsetail or swamp horsetail, is a vascular plant that commonly grows in dense colonies along freshwater shorelines or in shallow water in ponds, swamps, ditches, and other sluggish or still waters with mud bottoms. It is a perennial herbaceous species, growing 30–100 cm (rarely 140 cm) tall with erect dark green stems 2–8 mm in diameter, smooth, with about 10–30 fine ridges. At each joint, the stem has a whorl of tiny, black-tipped scale leaves 5–10 mm long. Many, but not all, stems also have whorls of short ascending and spreading branches 1–5 cm


title: "Equisetum fluviatile" content: long, with the longest branches on the lower middle of the stem. The side branches are slender, dark green, and have 1–8 nodes with a whorl of five scale leaves at each node. The water horsetail has the largest central hollow of the horsetails, with 80% of the stem diameter typically being hollow. The stems readily pull apart at the joints, and both fertile and sterile stems look alike. The water horsetail reproduces both by spores and vegetatively by rhizomes. It primarily reproduces by vegetative means, with the majority of shoots arising from rhizomes. Spores are produced in blunt-tipped cones


title: "Equisetum fluviatile" content: at the tips of some stems. The spore cones are yellowish-green, 1–2 cm long and 1 cm broad, with numerous scales in dense whorls. The water horsetail ranges throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere, from Eurasia south to central Spain, northern Italy, the Caucasus, China, Korea and Japan, and in North America from the Aleutian Islands to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Idaho, northwest Montana, northeast Wyoming, West Virginia and Virginia. This horsetail is sometimes seen as an invasive species because it is very hardy and tends to overwhelm other garden plants unless it is contained. When planting, it is best to


title: "Equisetum fluviatile" content: plant them with the rhizome in a container. The water horsetail is most often confused with the marsh horsetail "E. palustre", which has rougher stems with fewer (4-8) stem ridges with a smaller hollow in the stem centre, and longer spore cones 2–4 cm long. The water horsetail has historically been used by both Europeans and Native Americans for scouring, sanding, and filing because of the high silica content in the stems. Early spring shoots were eaten. Medically it was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to stop bleeding and treat kidney ailments, ulcers, and tuberculosis, and by the


title: "Equisetum fluviatile" content: ancient Chinese to treat superficial visual obstructions. Rootstocks and stems are sometimes eaten by waterfowl. Horsetails absorb heavy metals from the soil, and are often used in bioassays for metals. According to Carl Linnaeus, reindeer, which refuse ordinary hay, will eat this horsetail, which is juicy, and that it is cut as fodder in the north of Sweden for cows, with a view to increasing their milk yield, but that horses will not touch it. Equisetum fluviatile Equisetum fluviatile, the water horsetail or swamp horsetail, is a vascular plant that commonly grows in dense colonies along freshwater shorelines or in


title: "Morris Peterson" content: Just outside of his hometown of Flint in neighboring Flint Township, Michigan. The menu features Michigan inspired dishes such as The Flintstones Combos, Flint-Town Reuben sandwich, the Izzo sub, and The National Champ Philly cheese steak sandwich. Morris Peterson Morris Russell Peterson Jr. (born August 26, 1977) is an American retired professional basketball player. He is also a cousin of former basketball player of the Indiana Pacers and the New York Knicks, Jonathan Bender. Born in Flint, Michigan, Peterson played collegiate basketball at Michigan State University, and helped lead them to the 2000 NCAA title. In his senior year at


title: "William Cartwright (film editor)" content: helping save the Watts Towers in association with Nicholas King. Cartwright died in hospice care on June 1, 2013. He was 92. William Cartwright (film editor) William T. "Bill" Cartwright Sr. (born August 25, 1920 St. Louis, Missouri; died June 1, 2013 North Hills, California) was an American television and film director, producer and editor responsible for a number of documentaries. He was nominated for 5 Emmys Emmy Awards in 1978 and 1997 and won three. He edited "Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision" which won an Oscar. He also has many credits for direction and producing. His son William


title: "Interstate 290 (Illinois)" content: 2003–04. A left shoulder and an auxiliary lane between ramps were added, as well as improved lighting. The highway is four lanes wide (not counting the auxiliary lane) north of the Elgin–O'Hare Expressway / Thorndale Avenue (mile marker 5), and five lanes wide with a wide left shoulder south to the exit to I-355. Between mile markers 0 and 4, IL 53 overlaps this section of the Eisenhower Expressway. This section is long and runs from Addison to Hillside. It took its name when the Eisenhower was extended northwest from Hillside. The highway runs largely at-grade or above-grade for this


title: "Michigan Services" content: Michigan Services Michigan Services are three Amtrak passenger rail routes connecting Chicago, Illinois with the Michigan cities of Grand Rapids, Port Huron, and Detroit, and stations en route. The group is a component of the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative. The "Michigan Services" routes are: The routes carried 804,697 passengers during fiscal year 2013. Up until fiscal year 2014, the State of Michigan only subsidized the operations of the "Pere Marquette" and "Blue Water" at a cost of $8 million in fiscal year 2014. Starting fiscal year 2014, the state took on the costs of operations for the "Wolverine" pushing the


title: "Bachkovo Monastery" content: in Assenovgrad; Assen’s fortress; the chapels nearby. The painter gave us a good idea from ethnographical point of view, about the clothing of the aristocracy from Plovdiv and the festal clothing of the women in the Rhodopes, through the group of the people that are following the Procession of the Miraculous Icon. Details, such as the well in the northern courtyard and the belfry in the Church of the Archangels, are included. Scenes from the passionals of the two Saints George and Demetrius are depicted at the side of the “Panorama”. The “Panorama” mural is exceptionally interesting because of its


title: Dunun content: known as "khassonka dunun" and the sangban is known as "konkoni" (played without a bell). There, the drums are headed with goatskin instead of the cowskin used elsewhere. The name "djun djun" is a common western misnomer. There is no such word in the Malinké language and this term should not be used. A dunun player is generically known as a "dununfola" (literally, "one who plays dunun"). Specifically, the kenkeni, sangban, and dununba players are referred to as "kenkenifola", "sangbanfola", and "dununbafola", respectively. There are two primary playing styles for dununs. The "traditional style" has each player using a single


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: Eastern cottontail The eastern cottontail ("Sylvilagus floridanus") is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae. It is the most common rabbit species in North America. The eastern cottontail can be found in meadows and shrubby areas in the eastern and south-central United States, southern Canada, eastern Mexico, Central America and northernmost South America. It is abundant in Midwest North America, and has been found in New Mexico and Arizona. Its range expanded north as forests were cleared by settlers. Originally, it was not found in New England, but it has been introduced there and now competes


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: for habitat there with the native New England cottontail. It has also been introduced into parts of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. In the mid-1960s, the eastern cottontail was introduced to Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Barbados, Bahamas, Haiti, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Saint Croix and northern Italy, where it displayed a rapid territorial expansion and increase in population density. Optimal eastern cottontail habitat includes open grassy areas, clearings, and old fields supporting abundant green grasses and herbs, with shrubs in the area or edges for cover. The essential components of eastern cottontail habitat are an abundance of well-distributed


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: escape cover (dense shrubs) interspersed with more open foraging areas such as grasslands and pastures. Habitat parameters important for eastern cottontails in ponderosa pine, mixed species, and pinyon ("Pinus" spp.)-juniper ("Juniperus" spp.) woodlands include woody debris, herbaceous and shrubby understories, and patchiness. Typically eastern cottontails occupy habitats in and around farms including fields, pastures, open woods, thickets associated with fencerows, wooded thickets, forest edges, and suburban areas with adequate food and cover. They are also found in swamps and marshes and usually avoid dense woods. They are seldom found in deep woods. The eastern cottontail home range is roughly circular


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: in uniform habitats. Eastern cottontails typically inhabit one home range throughout their lifetime, but home range shifts in response to vegetation changes and weather are common. In New England, eastern cottontail home ranges average for adult males and for adult females but vary in size from , depending on season, habitat quality, and individual. The largest ranges are occupied by adult males during the breeding season. In southwestern Wisconsin adult male home ranges averaged in spring, increased to in early summer, and decreased to by late summer. Daily activity is usually restricted to 10% to 20% of the overall home


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: range. In southeastern Wisconsin home ranges of males overlapped by up to 50%, but female home ranges did not overlap by more than 25% and actual defense of range by females occurred only in the immediate area of the nest. Males fight each other to establish dominance hierarchy and mating priority. Eastern cottontails forage in open areas and use brush piles, stone walls with shrubs around them, herbaceous and shrubby plants, and burrows or dens for escape cover, shelter, and resting cover. Woody cover is extremely important for the survival and abundance of eastern cottontails. Eastern cottontails do not dig


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: their own dens (other than nest holes) but use burrows dug by other species such as woodchucks. In winter when deciduous plants are bare eastern cottontails forage in less secure cover and travel greater distances. Eastern cottontails probably use woody cover more during the winter, particularly in areas where cover is provided by herbaceous vegetation in summer. In Florida slash pine flatwoods, eastern cottontails use low saw-palmetto ("Serenoa repens") patches for cover within grassy areas. Most nest holes are constructed in grasslands (including hayfields). The nest is concealed in grasses or weeds. Nests are also constructed in thickets, orchards, and


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: scrubby woods. In southeastern Illinois tall-grass prairie, eastern cottontail nests were more common in undisturbed prairie grasses than in high-mowed or hayed plots. In Iowa most nests were within of brush cover in herbaceous vegetation at least tall. Nests in hayfields were in vegetation less than tall. Average depth of nest holes is , average width , and average length . The nest is lined with grass and fur. The eastern cottontail is chunky, red-brown or gray-brown in appearance, with large hind feet, long ears, and a short, fluffy white tail. Its underside fur is white. There is a rusty


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: patch on the tail. Its appearance differs from that of a hare in that it has a brownish-gray coloring around the head and neck. The body is lighter color with a white underside on the tail. It has large brown eyes and large ears to see and listen for danger. In winter the cottontail's pelage is more gray than brown. The kits develop the same coloring after a few weeks, but they also have a white blaze that goes down their forehead; this marking eventually disappears. This rabbit is medium-sized, measuring in total length, including a small tail that averages


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: . Weight can range from , with an average of around . The female tends to be heavier, although the sexes broadly overlap in size. There may be some slight variation in the body size of eastern cottontails, with weights seeming to increase from south to north, in accordance with Bergmann's rule. Adult specimens from the Florida Museum of Natural History, collected in Florida, have a mean weight of . Meanwhile, 346 adult cottontails from Michigan were found to have averaged in mass. The eastern cottontail is a very territorial animal. When chased, it runs in a zigzag pattern, running


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: up to . The cottontail prefers an area where it can hide quickly but be out in the open. Forests, swamps, thickets, bushes, or open areas where shelter is close by are optimal habitation sites for this species. Cottontails do not dig burrows, but rather rest in a "form", a shallow, scratched-out depression in a clump of grass or under brush. It may use the dens of groundhogs as a temporary home or during heavy snow. Eastern cottontails are crepuscular to nocturnal feeders; although they usually spend most of the daylight hours resting in shallow depressions under vegetative cover or


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: other shelter, they can be seen at any time of day. Eastern cottontails are most active when visibility is limited, such as rainy or foggy nights. Eastern cottontails usually move only short distances, and they may remain sitting very still for up to 15 minutes at a time. Eastern cottontails are active year-round. The onset of breeding varies between populations and within populations from year to year. The eastern cottontail breeding season begins later with higher latitudes and elevations. Temperature rather than diet has been suggested as a primary factor controlling onset of breeding; many studies correlate severe weather with


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: delays in the onset of breeding. In New England breeding occurs from March to September. In New York the breeding season occurs from February to September, in Connecticut from mid-March to mid-September. In Alabama the breeding season begins in January. In Georgia the breeding season lasts nine months and in Texas breeding occurs year-round. Populations in western Oregon breed from late January to early September. Mating is promiscuous. The nest is a slanting hole dug in soft soil and lined with vegetation and fur. The average measurements are: length , width , and depth . The average period of gestation


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: is 28 days, ranging from 25 to 35 days. Eastern cottontail young are born with a very fine coat of hair and are blind. Their eyes begin to open by four to seven days. Young begin to move out of the nest for short trips by 12 to 16 days and are completely weaned and independent by four to five weeks. Litters disperse at about seven weeks. Females do not stay in the nest with the young but return to the opening of the nest to nurse, usually twice a day. Reproductive maturity occurs at about two to three months


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: of age. A majority of females first breed the spring following birth; but 10% to 36% of females breed as juveniles (i.e., summer of the year they were born). Males will mate with more than one female. Female rabbits can have one to seven litters of one to twelve young, called kits, in a year; however, they average three to four litters per year, and the average number of kits is five. In the South female eastern cottontails have more litters per year (up to seven) but fewer young per litter. In New England female eastern cottontails have three or


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: four litters per year. The annual productivity of females may be as high as 35 young. The diet of eastern cottontails is varied and largely dependent on availability. Eastern cottontails eat vegetation almost exclusively; arthropods have occasionally been found in pellets. Some studies list as many as 70 to 145 plant species in local diets. Food items include bark, twigs, leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, grass seeds, sedge fruits, and rush seeds. There is a preference for small material: branches, twigs, and stems up to . Leporids including eastern cottontails are coprophagous, producing two types of fecal pellets, one of which


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: is consumed. The redigestion of pellets greatly increases the nutritional value of dietary items. In summer, eastern cottontails consume tender green herbaceous vegetation when it is available. In many areas Kentucky bluegrass ("Poa pratense") and Canada bluegrass ("P. compressa") are important dietary components. Other favored species include clovers ("Trifolium" spp.) and crabgrasses ("Digitaria" spp.). In Connecticut importantsummer foods include clovers, alfalfa, timothy ("Phleum pratense"), bluegrasses ("Poa" spp.), quackgrass ("Elytrigia repens"), crabgrasses, redtop ("Agrostis alba"), ragweed ("Ambrosia psilostachya"), goldenrods ("Solidago" spp.), plantains ("Plantago" spp.), chickweed ("Stellaria media"), and dandelion ("Taraxacum officinale"). Eastern cottontails also consume many domestic crops. During the dormant


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: season, or when green vegetation is covered with snow, eastern cottontails consume twigs, buds, and bark of woody vegetation. In Connecticut important winter foods include gray birch ("Betula populifolia"), red maple, and smooth sumac ("Rhus glabra"). In Kansas, the largest cause of mortality of radiotracked eastern cottontails was predation (43%), followed by research mortalities (19%), and tularemia (18%). A major cause of eastern cottontail mortality is collision with automobiles. In Missouri, it was estimated that ten eastern cottontails are killed annually per mile of road. The peak period of highway mortality is in spring (March through May); roadside vegetation greens


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: up before adjacent fields and is highly attractive to eastern cottontails. Annual adult survival is estimated at 20%. Average longevity is 15 months in the wild; the longest-lived wild individual on record was five years old. Captive eastern cottontails have lived to at least nine years of age. Eastern cottontails are hosts to fleas, ticks, lice, cestodes, nematodes, trematodes, gray flesh fly larvae, botfly larvae, tularemia, shopes fibroma, torticollis, and streptothricosis cutaneous. Further summary of diseases and pests is available. The eastern cottontail has to contend with many predators, both natural and introduced. Due to their often large populations in


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: Eastern North America, they form a major component of several predators' diets. Major predators of eastern cottontail include domestic cats and dogs, foxes ("Vulpes" and "Urocyon" spp.), coyote ("C. latrans"), bobcat ("Lynx rufus"), weasels ("Mustela" spp.), raccoon ("Procyon lotor"), mink ("M. vison"), great horned owl ("Bubo virginianus"), barred owl ("Strix varia"), hawks (principally "Buteo" spp.), corvids ("Corvus" spp.), and snakes. Predators that take nestlings include raccoon, badger ("Taxidea taxus"), skunks ("Mephitis" and "Spilogale" spp.), and Virginia opossum ("Didelphis virginiana"). In central Missouri, eastern cottontails comprised the majority of biomass in the diet of red-tailed hawks ("Buteo jamaicensis") during the nesting


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: season. In Pennsylvania, the chief predator of eastern cottontails is the great horned owl. In the Southwest cottontails including eastern cottontail comprise 7 to 25% of the diets of northern goshawk ("Accipiter gentilis"). In Texas, eastern cottontails are preyed on by coyotes more heavily in early spring and in fall than in summer or winter. In southwestern North Dakota, cottontails (both eastern and desert cottontail "Sylvilagus auduboni") were major prey items in the diets of bobcats. Juvenile eastern cottontails are rare in the diet of short-eared owls ("Asio flammeus"). Trace amounts of eastern cottontail remains have been detected in black


title: "Eastern cottontail" content: bear ("Ursus americanus") scat. Recognized subspecies of "Sylvilagus floridanus" Eastern cottontail The eastern cottontail ("Sylvilagus floridanus") is a New World cottontail rabbit, a member of the family Leporidae. It is the most common rabbit species in North America. The eastern cottontail can be found in meadows and shrubby areas in the eastern and south-central United States, southern Canada, eastern Mexico, Central America and northernmost South America. It is abundant in Midwest North America, and has been found in New Mexico and Arizona. Its range expanded north as forests were cleared by settlers. Originally, it was not found in New England,


title: Cessationism content: this supernatural guidance ceased at the completion of the canon of the Bible. This rationale leads to the view that the Church can be perfectly guided by the principles, teachings and examples of the Bible alone. A moderate Cessationist would likewise deny the possibility of gifts on the grounds of principle by appealing to the principle of Sola Scriptura. They would deny the existence of charismatic gifts in the Church no matter what, even in the event of seeing apparent miracles or healing. However, moderate cessationism allows for the possibility of a new charismatic period in the future. This openness


title: Gharial content: Gharial The gharial ("Gavialis gangeticus"), also known as the gavial, and fish-eating crocodile is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae, and is native to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The global wild gharial population is estimated at fewer than 235 individuals, which are threatened by loss of riverine habitat, depletion of fish resources, and entanglement in fishing nets. As the population has declined drastically since the 1930s, the gharial is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It once inhabited all the major river systems of the Indian subcontinent, from the Indus River in the west


title: Gharial content: to the Irrawaddy River in the east. Its distribution is now limited to only 2% of its historical range. It inhabits foremost flowing rivers with high sand banks that it uses for basking and building nests. Adults mate in the cold season. The young hatch before the onset of the monsoon. The gharial is one of the longest of all living crocodilians, with a body length of . Male gharials reach a body length of up to and have a distinctive boss at the end of the snout, which resembles an earthenware pot known in Hindi as "ghara". The gharial's


title: Gharial content: common name is derived from this similarity. With 110 sharp, interdigitated teeth in its long, thin snout, it is well adapted to catching fish, its main diet. Gharial hatchlings are pale olive on the back and become darker with age. Dark cross-bands and speckles are visible on head, body and tail. Scutes on head, neck and back form a single continuous plate composed of 21 to 22 transverse series, and four longitudinal series. Scutes on the back are bony, but softer and feebly keeled on the sides. The outer edges of the forearms, legs, and feet are crested, and fingers


title: Gharial content: and toes partly webbed. The gharial's belly is yellowish-white, its neck long and thick. There are two rows of ridges on the central region of the back. Male gharials develop a hollow bulbous nasal protuberance at the tip of the snout upon sexual maturity. This nasal growth starts growing over the nostrils at an age of 11.5 years and measures about at an age of 15.5 years, and enables the males to emit a hissing sound that can be heard at a distance of . It resembles an earthen pot known locally as "ghara". The nasal growth is apparently used


title: Gharial content: to indicate sexual maturity, as sound resonator when bubbling under water or other sexual behaviours. The gharial is the only living crocodilian with such visible sexual dimorphism. The gharial's snout is very long and narrow, with 27 to 29 upper and 25 or 26 lower teeth on each side. The front teeth are the largest. The first, second, and third mandibular teeth fit into notches in the upper jaw. The nasal bones are rather short and widely separated from the premaxilla. The nasal opening is smaller than the supratemporal fossae. The jugal bone is raised and the extremely long symphysis


title: Gharial content: extends to the 23rd or 24th tooth. The snout is dilated at the end. It becomes proportionally thicker with age. This long snout is considered an adaptation to a primarily piscivorous diet. The long, needle-like teeth are individually socketed. The tail is well-developed and laterally flattened. Together with the webbed feet it provides tremendous manoeuvrability in deep water. On land, a gharial can only slide on its belly and push itself forward. The average size of mature gharials is . Hatchlings range from in body length with a weight of . Young gharials reach a length of in 18 months.


title: Gharial content: Females grow up to a body length of and males more than . Adults weigh on average. A long gharial was killed in the Ghaghara River in Faizabad in August 1920. The gharial once thrived in all the major river systems of the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Indus River in Pakistan and the Ganges to the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar. Today, it is extinct in the Indus River, in the Brahmaputra and in the Irrawaddy River. By 1976, its range had decreased to only 2% of its historical range, and fewer than 200 gharials were estimated to survive. In


title: Gharial content: Nepal, small populations are present and slowly recovering in tributaries of the Ganges, such as the Narayani-Rapti river system in Chitwan National Park and the Karnali-Babai river system in Bardia National Park. In India, gharial populations are present in the The gharial was also present in the Godavari River but was exterminated between the late 1940s and the 1960s. The gharial is the most thoroughly aquatic of the living crocodilians. Young gharials move forward by pushing the diagonally opposite legs synchronously, whereby the hind feet step close to where the front feet were. At a young age, they can also


title: Gharial content: gallop but do so only in emergency situations. When they reach a weight of about , their locomotion changes to pushing forward with hind and front legs simultaneously. Adult gharial do not have the ability to walk on land in the semi-upright stance as other crocodilians, but leave the water only for basking close to the water’s edge. When on the beach, they often turn round so as to face the water. The gharial is a thermoconformer and seeks to cool down during hot times and to warm up when ambient temperature is cool. Gharials bask daily in winter, foremost


title: Gharial content: in the mornings, and prefer sandy and moist beaches. They change their basking pattern with increasing daily temperatures, and start basking earlier in the mornings, move back into the river when it is hot, and return to the beach later in the afternoon. Large groups of young, subadult and adult gharials form in December and January to bask together. Adult males and females associate by mid February. Young gharials hide and forage in shallow water. Gharials up to a body length of prefer a water level of . With body size increasing, they move to deeper water. Gharials up to


title: Gharial content: hunt and hide in deep water. Adult gharials prefer water deeper than . The gharial is efficient and well adapted at hunting fish under water, because of its sharp interdigitated teeth and long narrow snout that meets little resistance in the water. Juvenile gharials were observed to jerk their heads back to manoeuvre fish into their gullets, sliding them in head first. Young gharials feed on insects, tadpoles, small fish and frogs. Adults also feed on small crustaceans. Remains of Indian softshell turtle ("Nilssonia gangetica") was also found in gharial stomachs. They tear apart large fish and pick up and


title: Gharial content: swallow stones as gastroliths, probably to aid digestion or buoyancy. Jewellery found in gharial stomachs may have been the reason for the myth that gharials eat humans. They catch fish by lying in wait for fish to swim by. They herd fish with their bodies against the shore, and stun fish using their underwater jaw clap. They do not chew their prey, but swallow it whole. Females mature at a body length of around . Captive females breed at a body length of . Male gharials mature at 15–18 years of age, when they reach a body length of around


title: Gharial content: and once the ghara is developed. Courting and mating starts by mid-February. In the dry season, reproductive females routinely move and join female breeding groups to dig nests together. These nests are deep holes in riverside sand or silt bank and away from the waterline. They lay 20–95 eggs. The eggs are the largest of all crocodilians and weigh an average of . After 71 to 93 days of incubation, young gharials hatch in July just before the onset of the rainy season. Their sex is most likely determined by temperature. Females dig up the hatchlings in response to hatching


title: Gharial content: chirps, but do not assist them to reach the water. They stay at nesting sites until monsoon floods arrive and return after monsoon. Male gharials do not participate in guarding nests. A captive male gharial was observed to show interest in hatchlings and was allowed by the female to carry hatchlings on his back. The gharial is sympatric with the mugger crocodile ("Crocodylus palustris") in parts of its range. Basking sites of gharials are close to water on shallow, sandy beaches. They lay eggs only in sandy soil near water. Muggers bask on sandy beaches, but also climb steep embankments


title: Gharial content: and rocks, and move farther away for both basking and nest building. The gharial population is estimated to have declined from 5,000-10,000 individuals in 1946 to fewer than 250 individuals alive in 2006, a decline of 96–98% within three generations. Gharials were killed by fishermen, hunted for skins, trophies and indigenous medicine, and their eggs collected for consumption. Today, the remaining individuals form several fragmented subpopulations. Hunting is no longer considered a significant threat. However, the wild population declined from estimated 436 adult gharials in 1997 to fewer than 250 mature individuals in 2006 because: When dead gharials were found


title: Gharial content: in the Chambal River between December 2007 and March 2008, it was initially suspected that they had died either because of toxicants or because of illegal use of fish nets, in which they became trapped and subsequently drowned. Later "post mortem" pathological testing of tissue samples from the dead gharials revealed high levels of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which together with stomach ulcers and protozoan parasites reported in most necropsies were thought to have caused their deaths. The gharial is listed on CITES Appendix I. In India, it is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.


title: Gharial content: Since the late 1970s, the gharial conservation approach was focused on reintroduction. Protected areas in India and Nepal used to be restocked with captive bred juvenile gharials. More than 5,000 gharials were released until 2006. In Nepal, wild eggs were collected and hatched since 1978, and a total of 1,365 gharials released in the rivers between 1981 and 2018. Releasing captive-reared gharials did not contribute significantly to re-establishing viable populations. In 2017, members of the Crocodile Specialist Group therefore recommended to foster engagement of local communities in gharial conservation programs. Project Crocodile began in 1975 under the auspices of the


title: Gharial content: Government of India with the aid of the United Nations Development Fund and Food and Agriculture Organization. The project included an intensive captive breeding and rearing program intended to restock habitats with low numbers of gharials. An acute shortage of gharial eggs was overcome by their purchase from Nepal. A male gharial was flown in from the Frankfurt Zoo to become one of the founding animals of the breeding program. Sixteen crocodile rehabilitation centers and five crocodile sanctuaries including the National Chambal Sanctuary and Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary were established in India between 1975 and 1982. By 2004, 12,000 gharial eggs


title: Gharial content: had been collected from wild and captive-breeding nests, and over 5,000 gharials reared to about a meter or more in length and released into the wild. But in 1991, funds were withdrawn for the captive-breeding and egg-collection programs. In 1997–1998, over 1,200 gharials and over 75 nests were located in the National Chambal Sanctuary, but no surveys were carried out between 1999 and 2003. In December 2010, the then Indian Minister for Environment and Forests, Jairam Ramesh, visited the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust with Romulus Whitaker, and announced the formation of a National Tri-State Chambal Sanctuary Management and Coordination Committee


title: Gharial content: for gharial conservation on of the National Chambal Sanctuary along the Chambal River in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The committee will comprise representatives of three states' Water Resources Ministries, states' Departments of Irrigation and Power, Wildlife Institute of India, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, the Gharial Conservation Alliance, Development Alternatives, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Worldwide Fund for Nature, and the divisional forest officers of the three states. The committee planned strategies for protection of gharials and their habitat, involving further research on gharial ecology and socioeconomic evaluation of dependent riparian communities. Funding for this


title: Gharial content: new initiative was mobilized as a subscheme of the ‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’ with a yearly amount of 50–80 million Indian rupees (US$1 million to 1.7 million) for five years. Gharials are bred in captivity in the National Chambal Sanctuary and in the "Gharial Breeding Centre" in Nepal's Chitwan National Park, where the eggs are hatched and then the gharials are grown for two to three years and average about one metre in length, when released. In India, gharials are also kept in the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Jawaharlal Nehru Biological Park in Bokaro Steel


title: Gharial content: City, Bannerghatta National Park Zoo, Junagadh Zoo, Chhatbir Zoo and Biological Park Itanagar. Elsewhere in Asia, National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka, Singapore Zoo and Nogeyama Zoo in Japan also keep gharials. In Europe, gharials are kept in Prague Zoo and Krokozoo in the Czech Republic, Berlin Zoo in Germany, Crocodile Zoo in Denmark, Pairi Daiza in Belgium. La Ferme aux Crocodiles in France received six juveniles in 2000 from the Gharial Breeding Centre in Nepal. In the United States, gharials are kept in Busch Gardens Tampa, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Fort Worth Zoo, Honolulu Zoo, San Diego Zoo, National Zoological


title: Gharial content: Park, San Antonio Zoo and Aquarium and St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park. Bronx Zoo and Los Angeles Zoo received gharials in 2017. The earliest gharial may have been related to the modern types. Some died out at the same time as the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, others survived until the early Eocene. The modern forms appeared at much the same time, evolving in the estuaries and coastal waters of Africa, and crossing the Atlantic Ocean to reach South America as well. The discovery of fossil remains of the Puerto Rican gharial "Aktiogavialis puertorisensis" in a


title: Gharial content: cave located in San Sebastián, Puerto Rico indicates that the Caribbean served as the link between the two continents. Gavialoidea were present in much of Asia and America until the Pliocene. The "Rhamphosuchus crassidens" of India is thought to have grown to . The gharial and its extinct relatives are grouped by taxonomists in three different ways: Results of molecular genetic studies indicate that the gharial and the false gharial ("Tomistoma schlegelii") are close relatives, which would support to place them in the same family. Molecular studies consistently and unambiguously show the Gavialidae to be a sister group of the


title: Gharial content: Crocodylidae to the exclusion of Alligatoridae, rendering Brevirostres paraphyletic and Gavialoidea perhaps polyphyletic. The clade including crocodiles and gharial has been suggested to be called Longirostres. Local names for the gharial include 'Lamthore Gohi' in Nepali, 'Ghrial' in Hindi, 'Bahsoolia Nakar' in Bihari, 'Mecho Kumhir' in Bengali and 'Thantia Kumhira' in Odia language. Gharial The gharial ("Gavialis gangeticus"), also known as the gavial, and fish-eating crocodile is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae, and is native to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The global wild gharial population is estimated at fewer than 235 individuals, which are threatened by


title: "GE Automation & Controls" content: GE Intelligent Platforms, Inc. changed its name to Automation & Controls upon acquisition of Alstom's Power Automation & Controls business. In 2018, amidst ambitious restructuration plans for the whole General Electric group, it was announced that Emerson Electric was to acquire Intelligent Platforms, with the deal being effective in the first half of the following year. GE Automation & Controls General Electric Automation and Controls division combines what was formerly known as GE Intelligent Platforms and Alstom's Power Automation and Controls. GE Automation and Controls produce power and cooling products, distributed control systems, remote monitoring and diagnostics, and support services