title: Spider content: will increase the web's area and hence its ability to intercept prey, but reduce its stopping power and retention; closer spacing, larger sticky droplets and thicker lines would improve retention, but would make it easier for potential prey to see and avoid the web, at least during the day. However, there are no consistent differences between orb webs built for use during the day and those built for use at night. In fact, there is no simple relationship between orb web design features and the prey they capture, as each orb-weaving species takes a wide range of prey. The hubs


title: Spider content: of orb webs, where the spiders lurk, are usually above the center, as the spiders can move downwards faster than upwards. If there is an obvious direction in which the spider can retreat to avoid its own predators, the hub is usually offset towards that direction. Horizontal orb webs are fairly common, despite being less effective at intercepting and retaining prey and more vulnerable to damage by rain and falling debris. Various researchers have suggested that horizontal webs offer compensating advantages, such as reduced vulnerability to wind damage; reduced visibility to prey flying upwards, because of the back-lighting from the


title: Spider content: sky; enabling oscillations to catch insects in slow horizontal flight. However, there is no single explanation for the common use of horizontal orb webs. Spiders often attach highly visible silk bands, called decorations or stabilimenta, to their webs. Field research suggests that webs with more decorative bands captured more prey per hour. However, a laboratory study showed that spiders reduce the building of these decorations if they sense the presence of predators. There are several unusual variants of orb web, many of them convergently evolved, including: attachment of lines to the surface of water, possibly to trap insects in or


title: Spider content: on the surface; webs with twigs through their centers, possibly to hide the spiders from predators; "ladder-like" webs that appear most effective in catching moths. However, the significance of many variations is unclear. In 1973, Skylab 3 took two orb-web spiders into space to test their web-spinning capabilities in zero gravity. At first, both produced rather sloppy webs, but they adapted quickly. Members of the family Theridiidae weave irregular, tangled, three-dimensional webs, popularly known as cobwebs. There seems to be an evolutionary trend towards a reduction in the amount of sticky silk used, leading to its total absence in some


title: Spider content: species. The construction of cobwebs is less stereotyped than that of orb-webs, and may take several days. The Linyphiidae generally make horizontal but uneven sheets, with tangles of stopping threads above. Insects that hit the stopping threads fall onto the sheet or are shaken onto it by the spider, and are held by sticky threads on the sheet until the spider can attack from below. Although the fossil record of spiders is considered poor, almost 1000 species have been described from fossils. Because spiders' bodies are quite soft, the vast majority of fossil spiders have been found preserved in amber.


title: Spider content: The oldest known amber that contains fossil arthropods dates from in the Early Cretaceous period. In addition to preserving spiders' anatomy in very fine detail, pieces of amber show spiders mating, killing prey, producing silk and possibly caring for their young. In a few cases, amber has preserved spiders' egg sacs and webs, occasionally with prey attached; the oldest fossil web found so far is 100 million years old. Earlier spider fossils come from a few lagerstätten, places where conditions were exceptionally suited to preserving fairly soft tissues. The oldest known exclusively terrestrial arachnid is the trigonotarbid "Palaeotarbus jerami", from


title: Spider content: about in the Silurian period, and had a triangular cephalothorax and segmented abdomen, as well as eight legs and a pair of pedipalps. "Attercopus fimbriunguis", from in the Devonian period, bears the earliest known silk-producing spigots, and was therefore hailed as a spider at the time of its discovery. However, these spigots may have been mounted on the underside of the abdomen rather than on spinnerets, which are modified appendages and whose mobility is important in the building of webs. Hence "Attercopus" and the similar Permian arachnid "Permarachne" may not have been true spiders, and probably used silk for lining


title: Spider content: nests or producing egg-cases rather than for building webs. The largest known fossil spider as of 2011 is the araneid "Nephila jurassica", from about , recorded from Daohuogo, Inner Mongolia in China. Its body length is almost 25 mm, (i.e., almost one inch). Several Carboniferous spiders were members of the Mesothelae, a primitive group now represented only by the Liphistiidae. The mesothelid "Paleothele montceauensis", from the Late Carboniferous over , had five spinnerets. Although the Permian period saw rapid diversification of flying insects, there are very few fossil spiders from this period. The main groups of modern spiders, Mygalomorphae and


title: Spider content: Araneomorphae, first appear in the Triassic well before . Some Triassic mygalomorphs appear to be members of the family Hexathelidae, whose modern members include the notorious Sydney funnel-web spider, and their spinnerets appear adapted for building funnel-shaped webs to catch jumping insects. Araneomorphae account for the great majority of modern spiders, including those that weave the familiar orb-shaped webs. The Jurassic and Cretaceous periods provide a large number of fossil spiders, including representatives of many modern families. It is now agreed that spiders (Araneae) are monophyletic (i.e., members of a group of organisms that form a clade, consisting of a


title: Spider content: last common ancestor and all of its descendants). There has been debate about what their closest evolutionary relatives are, and how all of these evolved from the ancestral chelicerates, which were marine animals. The cladogram on the right is based on J. W. Shultz' analysis (2007). Other views include proposals that: scorpions are more closely related to the extinct marine scorpion-like eurypterids than to spiders; spiders and Amblypygi are a monophyletic group. The appearance of several multi-way branchings in the tree on the right shows that there are still uncertainties about relationships between the groups involved. Arachnids lack some features


title: Spider content: of other chelicerates, including backward-pointing mouths and gnathobases ("jaw bases") at the bases of their legs; both of these features are part of the ancestral arthropod feeding system. Instead, they have mouths that point forwards and downwards, and all have some means of breathing air. Spiders (Araneae) are distinguished from other arachnid groups by several characteristics, including spinnerets and, in males, pedipalps that are specially adapted for sperm transfer. Spiders are divided into two suborders, Mesothelae and Opisthothelae, of which the latter contains two infraorders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Nearly 46,000 living species of spiders (order Araneae) have been identified and


title: Spider content: as of 2009 grouped into about 117 families and about 4,100 genera by arachnologists. The only living members of the primitive Mesothelae are the family Liphistiidae, found only in Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. Most of the Liphistiidae construct silk-lined burrows with thin trapdoors, although some species of the genus "Liphistius" build camouflaged silk tubes with a second trapdoor as an emergency exit. Members of the genus "Liphistius" run silk "tripwires" outwards from their tunnels to help them detect approaching prey, while those of genus "Heptathela" do not and instead rely on their built-in vibration sensors. Spiders of the genus


title: Spider content: "Heptathela" have no venom glands although they do have venom gland outlets on the fang tip. The extinct families Arthrolycosidae, found in Carboniferous and Permian rocks, and Arthromygalidae, so far found only in Carboniferous rocks, have been classified as members of the Mesothelae. The Mygalomorphae, which first appeared in the Triassic period, are generally heavily built and hairy, with large, robust chelicerae and fangs. Well-known examples include tarantulas, ctenizid trapdoor spiders and the Australasian funnel-web spiders. Most spend the majority of their time in burrows, and some run silk tripwires out from these, but a few build webs to capture


title: Spider content: prey. However, mygalomorphs cannot produce the pirifom silk that the Araneomorphae use as instant adhesive to glue silk to surfaces or to other strands of silk, and this makes web construction more difficult for mygalomorphs. Since mygalomorphs rarely "balloon" by using air currents for transport, their populations often form clumps. In addition to arthropods, mygalomorphs are capable of preying on frogs, small mammals, lizards, and snails. In addition to accounting for over 90% of spider species, the Araneomorphae, also known as the "true spiders", include orb-web spiders, the cursorial wolf spiders, and jumping spiders, as well as the only known


title: Spider content: herbivorous spider, "Bagheera kiplingi". They are distinguished by having fangs that oppose each other and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae, which have fangs that are nearly parallel in alignment. Although spiders are widely feared, only a few species are dangerous to people. Spiders will only bite humans in self-defense, and few produce worse effects than a mosquito bite or bee-sting. Most of those with medically serious bites, such as recluse spiders (genus "Loxosceles") and widow spiders (genus "Latrodectus"), would rather flee and bite only when trapped, although this can easily arise by accident. The defensive


title: Spider content: tactics of Australian funnel-web spiders (family Atracidae) include fang display. Their venom, although they rarely inject much, has resulted in 13 attributed human deaths over 50 years. They have been deemed to be the world's most dangerous spiders on clinical and venom toxicity grounds, though this claim has also been attributed to the Brazilian wandering spider (genus "Phoneutria"). There were about 100 reliably reported deaths from spider bites in the 20th century, compared to about 1,500 from jellyfish stings. Many alleged cases of spider bites may represent incorrect diagnoses, which would make it more difficult to check the effectiveness of


title: Spider content: treatments for genuine bites. A review published in 2016 agreed with this conclusion, showing that 78% of 134 published medical case studies of supposed spider bites did not meet the necessary criteria for a spider bite to be verified. In the case of the two genera with the highest reported number of bites, "Loxosceles" and "Latrodectus", spider bites were not verified in over 90% of the reports. Even when verification had occurred, details of the treatment and its effects were often lacking. Spider venoms may be a less polluting alternative to conventional pesticides, as they are deadly to insects but


title: Spider content: the great majority are harmless to vertebrates. Australian funnel web spiders are a promising source, as most of the world's insect pests have had no opportunity to develop any immunity to their venom, and funnel web spiders thrive in captivity and are easy to "milk". It may be possible to target specific pests by engineering genes for the production of spider toxins into viruses that infect species such as cotton bollworms. The Ch'ol Maya use a beverage created from the tarantula species "Brachypelma vagans" for the treatment of a condition they term 'tarantula wind', the symptoms of which include chest


title: Spider content: pain, asthma and coughing. Possible medical uses for spider venoms are being investigated, for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, Alzheimer's disease, strokes, and erectile dysfunction. The peptide GsMtx-4, found in the venom of Brachypelma vagans, is being researched to determine whether or not it could effectively be used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, muscular dystrophy or glioma. Because spider silk is both light and very strong, attempts are being made to produce it in goats' milk and in the leaves of plants, by means of genetic engineering. Spiders can also be used as food. Cooked tarantula spiders are considered


title: Spider content: a delicacy in Cambodia, and by the Piaroa Indians of southern Venezuela – provided the highly irritant hairs, the spiders' main defense system, are removed first. Arachnophobia is a specific phobia—it is the abnormal fear of spiders or anything reminiscent of spiders, such as webs or spider-like shapes. It is one of the most common specific phobias, and some statistics show that 50% of women and 10% of men show symptoms. It may be an exaggerated form of an instinctive response that helped early humans to survive, or a cultural phenomenon that is most common in predominantly European societies. Spiders


title: Spider content: have been the focus of stories and mythologies of various cultures for centuries. Uttu, the ancient Sumerian goddess of weaving, was envisioned as a spider spinning her web. According to her main myth, she resisted her father Enki's sexual advances by ensconcing herself in her web, but let him in after he promised her fresh produce as a marriage gift, thereby allowing him to intoxicate her with beer and rape her. Enki's wife Ninhursag heard Uttu's screams and rescued her, removing Enki's semen from her vagina and planting it in the ground to produce eight previously-nonexistent plants. In a story


title: Spider content: told by the Roman poet Ovid in his "Metamorphoses", Arachne was a Lydian girl who challenged the goddess Athena to a weaving contest. Arachne won, but Athena destroyed her tapestry out of jealousy, causing Arachne to hang herself. In an act of mercy, Athena brought Arachne back to life as the first spider. Stories about the trickster-spider Anansi are prominent in the folk traditions of the Asante people of Ghana. In some cultures, spiders have symbolized patience due to their hunting technique of setting webs and waiting for prey, as well as mischief and malice due to their venomous bites.


title: Spider content: The Italian tarantella is a dance to rid the young woman of the lustful effects of a spider bite. Web-spinning also caused the association of the spider with creation myths, as they seem to have the ability to produce their own worlds. Dreamcatchers are depictions of spiderwebs. The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature. They placed emphasis on animals and often depicted spiders in their art. Spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs able to inject venom. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity


title: "Sale el Sol" content: tracks as "songs that have the power to feed people’s relationships and states of mind and states of spirit". According to "Billboard", the title track is composed of "evocative and hopeful" lyrics which are dedicated to Argentine singer-songwriter and Shakira's friend Gustavo Cerati, who had been in a coma around the time of the release of the album. "Antes de las Seis" deals with issues of longing, regrets and loneliness. Shakira said these songs are written "in such a personal and intimate way that at that moment. I'm not really thinking much. I'm just letting it all out". "Sale el


title: "Sale el Sol" content: album was a showcase for Shakira's "remarkable" voice, and concluded that while "Sale el Sol" is not "necessarily adventurous", it "provides a better showcase for Shakira's countless charms than its predecessors ever did". Carlos Macias from Terra USA, however, gave the album a mixed review and said it "delivers half the goods". "Sale el Sol" was included in AllMusic's "Favorite Albums of 2010" and "Favorite Latin Albums of 2010" year-end lists. At the 2011 Latin Grammy Awards ceremony, "Sale el Sol" was nominated for "Album of the Year" and "Best Female Pop Vocal Album", winning the award in the latter


title: "John Aitkin (surgeon)" content: He wrote: John Aitkin (surgeon) John Aitkin MD (fl. 1770–1790) was a Scottish surgeon. He is believed to have studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he became MRCS. in 1770. In 1779 he is described as surgeon and lecturer on surgery in Edinburgh. Either at that time or later, his lectures included besides the practice of physic, anatomy, midwifery, and chemistry. He appears to have been a successful teacher, and wrote several books, chiefly as text-books for his lectures. They are said, and truly, to ‘contain much valuable information and to be well written;’ but to a reader


title: "Prunus avium" content: Prunus avium Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, Anatolia, Maghreb, and western Asia, from the British Isles south to Morocco and Tunisia, north to the Trondheimsfjord region in Norway and east to the Caucasus and northern Iran, with a small isolated population in the western Himalaya. The species is widely cultivated in other regions and has become naturalized in North America and Australia. "Prunus avium," has a diploid set of sixteen chromosomes (2"n" = 16). All parts of


title: "Prunus avium" content: the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. The early history of its classification is somewhat confused. In the first edition of "Species Plantarum" (1753), Linnaeus treated it as only a variety, "Prunus cerasus" var. "avium", citing Gaspard Bauhin's "Pinax theatri botanici" (1596) as a synonym. His description, "Cerasus racemosa hortensis" ("cherry with racemes, of gardens") shows it was described from a cultivated plant. Linnaeus then changed from a variety to a species "Prunus avium" in the second edition of his "Flora Suecica" in 1755. Sweet cherry was known historically as gean or mazzard (also


title: "Prunus avium" content: 'massard'), until recently, both were largely obsolete names in modern English. The name "wild cherry" is also commonly applied to other species of "Prunus" growing in their native habitats, particularly to the North American species "Prunus serotina". "Prunus avium" means "bird cherry" in the Latin language, but in English "bird cherry" refers to "Prunus padus". More recently 'Mazzard' has been used to refer to a selected self-fertile cultivar that comes true from seed, and which is used as a seedling rootstock for fruiting cultivars. This term is still used particularly for the varieties of "P. avium" grown in North Devon


title: "Prunus avium" content: and cultivated there, particularly in the orchards at Landkey. "Prunus avium" is a deciduous tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to in diameter. Young trees show strong apical dominance with a straight trunk and symmetrical conical crown, becoming rounded to irregular on old trees. The fruit are readily eaten by numerous kinds of birds and mammals, which digest the fruit flesh and disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some rodents, and a few birds (notably the hawfinch), also crack open the stones to eat the kernel inside. All parts of the plant except for the ripe fruit are


title: "Prunus avium" content: slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. The leaves provide food for some animals, including Lepidoptera such as the case-bearer moth "Coleophora anatipennella". The tree exudes a gum from wounds in the bark, by which it seals the wounds to exclude insects and fungal infections. Some eighteenth- and nineteenth-century botanical authors assumed a western Asia origin for the species based on the writings of Pliny; however, archaeological finds of seeds from prehistoric Europe contradict this view. Wild cherries have been an item of human food for several thousands of years. The stones have been found in deposits at Bronze Age settlements throughout


title: "Prunus avium" content: Europe, including in Britain. In one dated example, wild cherry macrofossils were found in a core sample from the detritus beneath a dwelling at an Early and Middle Bronze Age pile-dwelling site on and in the shore of a former lake at Desenzano del Garda or Lonato, near the southern shore of Lake Garda, Italy. The date is estimated at Early Bronze Age IA, carbon dated there to 2077 BCE plus or minus 10 years. The natural forest was largely cleared at that time. By 800 BCE, cherries were being actively cultivated in Asia Minor, and soon after in Greece.


title: "Prunus avium" content: As the main ancestor of the cultivated cherry, the sweet cherry is one of the two cherry species which supply most of the world's commercial cultivars of edible cherry (the other is the sour cherry "Prunus cerasus", mainly used for cooking; a few other species have had a very small input). Various cherry cultivars are now grown worldwide wherever the climate is suitable; the number of cultivars is now very large. The species has also escaped from cultivation and become naturalised in some temperate regions, including southwestern Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and the northeast and northwest of the United States.


title: "Prunus avium" content: It is often cultivated as a flowering tree. Because of the size of the tree, it is often used in parkland, and less often as a street or garden tree. The double-flowered form, 'Plena', is commonly found, rather than the wild single-flowered forms. Two interspecific hybrids, "P. x schmittii" ("P. avium" x "P. canescens") and "P. x fontenesiana" ("P. avium" x "P. mahaleb") are also grown as ornamental trees. The hard, reddish-brown wood (cherry wood) is valued as a hardwood for woodturning, and making cabinets and musical instruments. Cherry wood is also used for smoking foods, particularly meats, in North


title: "Prunus avium" content: America, as it lends a distinct and pleasant flavor to the product. The gum from bark wounds is aromatic and can be chewed as a substitute for chewing gum. Medicine can be prepared from the stalks (peduncles) of the drupes that is astringent, antitussive, and diuretic. A green dye can also be prepared from the plant. Wild cherry is used extensively in Europe for the afforestation of agricultural land and it is also valued for wildlife and amenity plantings. Many European countries have gene conservation and/or breeding programmes for wild cherry. "Prunus avium" is thought to be one of the


title: "Prunus avium" content: parent species of "Prunus cerasus" (sour cherry), by way of ancient crosses between it and "Prunus fruticosa" (dwarf cherry) in the areas where the two species overlap. All three species can breed with one another. "Prunus cerasus" is now a species in its own right, having developed beyond a hybrid and stabilised. Pliny distinguishes between "Prunus", the plum fruit, and "Cerasus", the cherry fruit. Already in Pliny quite a number of cultivars are cited, some possibly species or varieties, Aproniana, Lutatia, Caeciliana, and so on. Pliny grades them by flavour, including dulcis ("sweet") and acer ("sharp"). and goes so far


title: "Prunus avium" content: as to say that before the Roman consul Lucius Licinius Lucullus defeated Mithridates in 74 BC, "Cerasia … non fuere in Italia", "There were no cherry trees in Italy". According to him, Lucullus brought them in from Pontus and in the 120 years since that time they had spread across Europe to Britain. Although cultivated/domesticated varieties of "Prunus avium" (sweet cherry) didn’t exist in Britain or much of Europe, the tree in its wild state is native to most of Europe, including Britain. Evidence of consumption of the wild fruits has been found as far back as the Bronze Age


title: "Prunus avium" content: at a Crannog in County Offaly, in Ireland. Seeds of a number of cherry species have however been found in Bronze Age and Roman archaeological sites throughout Europe. The reference to "sweet" and "sour" supports the modern view that "sweet" was "Prunus avium"; there are no other candidates among the cherries found. In 1882 Alphonse de Candolle pointed out that seeds of "Prunus avium" were found in the Terramare culture of north Italy (1500–1100 BC) and over the layers of the Swiss pile dwellings. Of Pliny's statement he says (p. 210): Since this error is perpetuated by its incessant repetition


title: "Prunus avium" content: in classical schools, it must once more be said that cherry trees (at least the bird cherry) existed in Italy before Lucullus, and that the famous gourmet did not need to go far to seek the species with the sour or bitter fruit. De Candolle suggests that what Lucullus brought back was a particular cultivar of "Prunus avium" from the Caucasus. The origin of cultivars of "P. avium" is still an open question. Modern cultivated cherries differ from wild ones in having larger fruit, 2–3 cm diameter. The trees are often grown on dwarfing rootstocks to keep them smaller for


title: "Prunus avium" content: easier harvesting. Folkard (1892) similarly identifies Lucullus's cherry as a cultivated variety. He states that it was planted in Britain a century after its introduction into Italy, but "disappeared during the Saxon period". He notes that in the fifteenth century "Cherries on the ryse" (i.e. on the twigs) was one of the street cries of London, but conjectures that these were the fruit of "the native wild Cherry, or Gean-tree". The cultivated variety was reintroduced into Britain by the fruiterer of Henry VIII, who brought it from Flanders and planted a cherry orchard at Teynham. Prunus avium Prunus avium, commonly


title: "Andrew Miller (Medal of Honor, 1864)" content: which resulted in the surrender of the rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging and destruction of batteries at Fort Morgan. Andrew Miller (Medal of Honor, 1864) Andrew Miller (b. 1836- c.1866) was a sergeant serving in the United States Marine Corps during the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Battle of Mobile Bay. Miller was born in 1836 in Germany, and entered the Marine Corps from Washington, D.C., August 21, 1854. He was a sergeant assigned to the marine detachment aboard the USS "Richmond" when it was sent to fight in


title: Hyrax content: Hyrax Hyraxes (from the Greek , "hýrax", "shrewmouse"), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between long and weigh between . They are also superficially similar to pikas or rodents (especially marmots), but are more closely related to elephants and manatees. Five extant species are recognised; the rock hyrax ("Procavia capensis") and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax ("Heterohyrax brucei"), which both live in isolated rock outcrops, called kopjes, the western tree hyrax ("Dendrohyrax dorsalis"), southern tree hyrax ("D. arboreus"), and eastern tree hyrax ("D. validus").


title: Hyrax content: Their distribution is limited to Africa, except for "Procavia capensis" which is also found in the Middle East. Hyraxes retain a number of primitive mammalian characteristics; in particular, they have poorly developed internal temperature regulation, for which they compensate by behavioural thermoregulation, such as huddling together and basking in the sun. Unlike most other browsing and grazing animals, they do not use the incisors at the front of the jaw for slicing off leaves and grass; rather, they use the molar teeth at the side of the jaw. The two upper incisors are large and tusk-like, and grow continuously through


title: Hyrax content: life, similar to rodents. The four lower incisors are deeply grooved 'comb teeth'. A diastema occurs between the incisors and the cheek teeth. The dental formula for hyraxes is . Although not ruminants, hyraxes have complex, multichambered stomachs that allow symbiotic bacteria to break down tough plant materials, but their overall ability to digest fibre is lower than that of the ungulates. Their mandibular motions (see video) are deceptively similar to chewing cud, but the hyrax is physically incapable of regurgitation as in the even-toed ungulates and the merycism of some of the macropods. This behaviour is referred to in


title: Hyrax content: a passage in the Bible which describes hyraxes as chewing the cud. This chewing behaviour may be a form of agonistic behaviour when the animal feels threatened. Hyraxes inhabit rocky terrain across sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Their feet have rubbery pads with numerous sweat glands, which may help the animal maintain its grip when quickly moving up steep, rocky surfaces. Hyraxes have stumpy toes with hoof-like nails; there are four toes on each front foot and three on each back foot. They also have efficient kidneys, retaining water so that they can better survive in arid environments. Female


title: Hyrax content: hyraxes give birth to up to four young after a gestation period between seven and eight months, depending on the species. The young are weaned at one to five months of age, and reach sexual maturity at 16 to 17 months. Hyraxes live in small family groups, with a single male that aggressively defends the territory from rivals. Where living space is abundant, the male may have sole access to multiple groups of females, each with their own range. The remaining males live solitary lives, often on the periphery of areas controlled by larger males, and mate only with younger


title: Hyrax content: females. Hyraxes have highly charged myoglobin, which has been inferred to reflect an aquatic ancestry. Hyraxes share several unusual characteristics with elephants and the Sirenia (manatees and dugongs), which have resulted in their all being placed in the taxon Paenungulata. Male hyraxes lack a scrotum and their testicles remain tucked up in their abdominal cavity next to the kidneys, the same as in elephants, manatees, and dugongs. Female hyraxes have a pair of teats near their armpits (axilla), as well as four teats in their groin (inguinal area); elephants have a pair of teats near their axillae, and dugongs and


title: Hyrax content: manatees have a pair of teats, one located close to each of the front flippers. The tusks of hyraxes develop from the incisor teeth as do the tusks of elephants; most mammalian tusks develop from the canines. Hyraxes, like elephants, have flattened nails on the tips of their digits, rather than curved, elongated claws which are usually seen on mammals. References are made to hyraxes in the Old Testament (; ; ; ). In Leviticus they are described as lacking a split hoof and therefore not being kosher. It also describes the hyrax as chewing its cud; this is technically


title: Hyrax content: inaccurate as the hyrax does not regurgitate its food to chew it again. The Hebrew phrase in question (מַעֲלֵה גֵרָה) means "bringing up cud". Some of the modern translations refer to them as rock hyraxes. The words "rabbit", "hare", and "coney" appear as terms for the hyrax in some English translations of the Bible. Early English translators had no knowledge of the hyrax (Hebrew שָּׁפָן "shafan"), and therefore no name for them, though "badger" or "rock-badger" has also been used more recently in new translations, especially in "common language" translations such as the Common English Bible (2011). All modern hyraxes


title: Hyrax content: are members of the family Procaviidae (the only living family within Hyracoidea) and are found only in Africa and the Middle East. In the past, however, hyraxes were more diverse, and widespread. The order first appears in the fossil record at a site in the Middle East in the form of "Dimaitherium", 37 million years ago. For many millions of years, hyraxes were the primary terrestrial herbivores in Africa, just as odd-toed ungulates were in North America. Through the middle to late Eocene, many different species existed, the largest of them weighing the same as a small horse and the


title: Hyrax content: smallest the size of a mouse. During the Miocene, however, competition from the newly developed bovids, which were very efficient grazers and browsers, displaced the hyraxes into marginal niches. Nevertheless, the order remained widespread and diverse as late as the end of the Pliocene (about two million years ago) with representatives throughout most of Africa, Europe, and Asia. The descendants of the giant 'hyracoids' (common ancestors to the hyraxes, elephants, and sirenians) evolved in different ways. Some became smaller, and evolved to become the modern hyrax family. Others appear to have taken to the water (perhaps like the modern capybara),


title: Hyrax content: ultimately giving rise to the elephant family and perhaps also the sirenians. DNA evidence supports this hypothesis, and the small modern hyraxes share numerous features with elephants, such as toenails, excellent hearing, sensitive pads on their feet, small tusks, good memory, higher brain functions compared to other similar mammals, and the shape of some of their bones. Hyraxes are sometimes described as being the closest living relative of the elephant, although whether this is so is disputed. Recent morphological- and molecular-based classifications reveal the sirenians to be the closest living relatives of elephants. While hyraxes are closely related, they form


title: Hyrax content: a taxonomic outgroup to the assemblage of elephants, sirenians, and the extinct orders Embrithopoda and Desmostylia. The extinct meridiungulate family Archaeohyracidae, consisting of four genera of notoungulate mammals known from the Paleocene through the Oligocene of South America, is a group unrelated to the true hyraxes. In the 2000s, taxonomists reduced the number of recognized species of hyrax. In 1995, 11 or more species were recognized; in 2013, only four are recognized, with the others now each considered as a subspecies of one of the recognized four. Over 50 subspecies and species are described, many of which are considered highly


title: Hyrax content: endangered. Hyrax Hyraxes (from the Greek , "hýrax", "shrewmouse"), also called dassies, are small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund animals with short tails. Typically, they measure between long and weigh between . They are also superficially similar to pikas or rodents (especially marmots), but are more closely related to elephants and manatees. Five extant species are recognised; the rock hyrax ("Procavia capensis") and the yellow-spotted rock hyrax ("Heterohyrax brucei"), which both live in isolated rock outcrops, called kopjes, the western tree hyrax ("Dendrohyrax dorsalis"), southern tree hyrax ("D. arboreus"), and eastern tree hyrax ("D.


title: "Berman's Bakery" content: Berman's Bakery Berman's Bakery ( "Mafiat Berman") is the oldest commercial bakery in Israel and the second-largest after Angel Bakeries. Founded in 1875 by Kreshe Berman as a cottage industry in Jerusalem's Old City, the family business was the first to open a Jewish store outside the Old City walls and first to build a flour mill in Israel. Berman's Bakery moved to the Mea Shearim neighbourhood of Jerusalem in the late nineteenth century, where it operated as the country's largest through two world wars and the Israeli War of Independence. In 1965 it moved to its present location in


title: "Kettlethorpe Hall" content: of Commons and the granting to him of a life peerage allowing him to sit in the House of Lords. Kettlethorpe Hall Kettlethorpe Hall is a Victorian house in Kettlethorpe, Lincolnshire, noted for its connection to Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster. It encloses fragments of the former manor house including the medieval gatehouse, within the surviving moat. It is a Grade II listed building. Sir Hugh Swynford (died in 1371) married Katherine Roet, whose sister is believed to have been the wife of Geoffrey Chaucer. Lady Katherine became governess to the children of John of Gaunt, the third surviving son


title: Concentra content: outpatient rehabilitation clinics, and contract rehabilitation services. Approximately 80% of Concentra's revenue is derived from patient visits to its medical centers, while its Health Solutions businesses collectively generate the remaining 20%. On average, more than 30,000 patients visit Concentra's medical centers each day. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1 out of every 7 occupational injuries in the U.S. is treated by Concentra. In 2005, a class action lawsuit was brought against Concentra and its subsidiaries, Concentra Managed Care and Focus Healthcare Management . It alleged that Concentra and its subsidiaries engaged in silent PPO activities and unfair repricing


title: "Sex with an X" content: with a track by track guide written by The Vaselines. The final track, "Exit the Vaselines", is a reference to the compilation album, "Enter the Vaselines". All tracks written and composed by Eugene Kelly/Frances McKee Produced by Jamie Watson. Sex with an X Sex with an X is the second studio album by the Scottish alternative rock band The Vaselines, which was released on 14 September 2010 on Sub Pop. The first single from the album, "I Hate The 80's" was released on 10 June 2010. The second single, the title track "Sex with an X", was released on 24


title: "Vía Verde project" content: approved a motion of support for a report by its Committee on Environmental Resources which pointed at the Gasoducto del Norte as "a grave danger to public health." Also, the Puerto Rico director of the Caribbean Tsunami Alert Program, Crista Von Hillebrant, confirmed to a local news weekly that EcoElectrica – the only point of entry for the natural gas to be injected into the Gasoducto – was located in a tsunami risk zone. Reportedly, the Governor was quoted as saying that in case of an earthquake in Puerto Rico, he would flee Old San Juan with his family and


title: "Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice" content: department has undertaken a rigorous self-analysis to make sure that we are using taxpayer resources effectively, and getting the outcomes we want for the youth, families and communities we serve. This analysis led us to develop an ambitious plan to transform our work to get better outcomes for the children, families and communities we serve. Our transformation efforts break down into three core initiatives: (1) Safely Reduce the use of the large and aging juvenile correctional facilities; (2) Reform correctional and treatment practices within the facilities and with youth returning to communities; and (3) Develop a plan to ultimately Replace


title: "The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted" content: and they have hit potential. The problem is that the leaked songs were 'Gucci Time and 'Weirdo', which both seemed like recycled themes (i.e. T.I.'s 'Bring Em Out' = 'Gucci Time'). My theory about his street music label-forced collabos is proven true strictly through the producers. Drumma Boy and Zaytoven fit Gucci the best while offering from others come of as either a hit (like Pharrell's 'Haterade') or miss (Swizz Beatz' 'It's Alive'). "Overall, the album seems forced to fit into a category that might be able to sell everyone, but isn't narrow enough to fit into a category that


title: "Udaya Wickramasinghe" content: as an umpire in three Tests, all played in Sri Lanka and all of which were drawn. He made his debut as a Test umpire in the First Test between Sri Lanka and New Zealand at Colombo Cricket Club Ground in April 1987; then umpired the Second Test between Sri Lanka and Australia at Khettarama Cricket Stadium, Colombo in August 1992; and finally the First Test between Sri Lanka and Pakistan at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo in April 1997. He also umpired 13 One-day Internationals between 1991 and 1998. Apart from 5 ODIs in Sharjah in October 1991 as


title: "Frank B. James" content: Frank B. James Frank B. James (March 21, 1912 – December 9, 2004) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. James was born on March 21, 1912, in Delavan, Wisconsin. In 1937, he graduated with a B.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles. James joined the United States Army Air Corps in 1937. In June 1938, he graduated from the Advanced Flying School at Kelly and received his pilot's wings and the rank of second lieutenant. His first assignment was with the 79th Pursuit Squadron, 20th Pursuit Group. In 1941, he was named commanding officer of


title: "Malaysia at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics" content: Malaysia at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics Malaysia participated in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. The Malaysian team consisted of 13 athletes, seven male and six female, who competed in six sports: aquatics (swimming and diving), athletics, badminton, rhythmic gymnastics, sailing and weightlifting. The chef-de-mission of the contingent was former national swimmer Alex Lim, who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Diver Pandelela Rinong Pamg became the first Malaysian to win a medal in the Youth Olympics after placing second in the girls' 10m platform event. She later won another silver medal in the girls' 3m


title: "Abba P. Schwartz" content: Abba P. Schwartz Abba Philip Schwartz (1916–1989) was United States Assistant Secretary of State for Security and Consular Affairs from 1962 to 1966. Abba P. Schwartz was born in Baltimore on April 17, 1916. He was educated at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, receiving a B.S. in Foreign Service in 1936. He then attended Harvard Law School, receiving an LL.B. in 1939. After law school, Schwartz established a law practice in Washington, D.C. In the wake of the U.S. entry into World War II, in 1942 he enlisted in the United States Merchant Marines


title: "James Martin II" content: military service with the United States Marine Corps. After enrolling in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 9, 1847, he was designated as a private and assigned to land duties there prior to transfer to the Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. (July 14) and Roanoke, Virginia (August 10). Assigned to a Marine Detachment aboard the "USS Brandywine" beginning on August 30, he remained with that ship until transferred to the Marine Barracks in Brooklyn, New York on December 14, 1850. Reassigned to the "USS North Carolina" on January 23, 1851, he re-enlisted on May 9 of that year, and served aboard the


title: "E. Chandrasekharan Nair" content: E. Chandrasekharan Nair E. Chandrasekharan Nair (2 December 1928 – 29 November 2017) was an Indian politician, Minister of Kerala and leader of the Communist Party of India. Shri. E. Chandrasekharan Nair, one of the seniormost leaders of CPI and co-operator, was born as the son of Shri. E. Easwara Pillai at Kottarakkara in Kerala on 2 December 1928. Having entered active politics at a young age, he had joined Students Congress while at Annamalai University, then joined Indian Socialist Party (ISP) and subsequently the Communist Party in 1952. A law graduate and practiced as a lawyer till 1970. A


title: "2010 Wellington local elections" content: for Mayor were: The Eastern ward returns five councillors to the Porirua City Council. At the close of nominations, the candidates nominated for the Eastern ward were: The Northern ward returns five councillors to the Porirua City Council. At the close of nominations, the candidates nominated for the Northern ward were: The Western ward returns three councillors to the Porirua City Council. At the close of nominations, the candidates nominated for the Western ward are: The Upper Hutt City Council represents a population of 40,600 as of June 2009, and consists of a mayor and ten councillors elected using the


title: "Presidency of Evo Morales" content: of Bolivia's total grid, or 2,772 kilometres of transmission lines; the rest is controlled by smaller companies in the eastern lowlands which are not attached to the national grid. President Evo Morales said though Red Eléctrica would be compensated, it had invested US$81 million since the grid's privatisation in 1997 and the government had "invested $220m in generation and others profited. For that reason, brothers and sisters, we have decided to nationalise electricity transmission. Just to make it clear to national and international public opinion, we are nationalising a company that previously was ours." The Spanish Ambassador Ramon Santos said


title: "James Kiley" content: James Kiley James Daniel Kiley (1865 – 12 September 1953) was a British businessman and Liberal Party politician who served in the House of Commons from 1916 to 1922 as a Member of Parliament (MP) for constituencies in the Whitechapel area of the East End of London. A director of a warehouse company in Houndsditch, he entered politics in 1910, when he was elected to Stepney Borough Council, becoming an alderman in 1913 and serving as the borough's mayor in 1915. He was also a member of the Metropolitan Water Board from 1914 to 1922, and a justice of the


title: "Structure of NATO" content: French forces from the military command structure, NATO's headquarters was forced to move to Belgium. SHAPE was moved to Casteau, north of the Belgian city of Mons. Headquarters Allied Forces Central Europe was moved from the Chateau de Fontainebleau outside Paris to Brunssum, in the Netherlands. By June 1991, it was clear that Allied Forces Central Europe (a Major Subordinate Command) could be reduced, with the Soviet threat disappearing. Six multinational corps were to replace the previous eight. Announcements in June 1991 presaged main defensive forces consisting of six multinational corps. Two were to be under German command, one with


title: "Sérgio Brandão" content: presenter of radio programs broadcast to Brazil, mainly on science and technology subjects. His career on television began in 1981 at the Globo TV network, as reporter for prime time programmes such as "Fantástico" and "Globo Repórter". In 1984 he participated in the creation of the first regular (weekly) science TV program in Brazil, which was broadcast continuously until 2014 by the Globo TV network. For his dedication to science communication, Sergio M C Brandão has won awards in Brazil and abroad, such as the Prêmio José Reis de Divulgação Científica (1986), an honor given annually by the National Council


title: "The Woman in White (1929 film)" content: by Clifford Pember. The Woman in White (1929 film) The Woman in White is a 1929 British silent mystery film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Blanche Sweet, Haddon Mason and Cecil Humphreys. The film was made at Cricklewood Studios in London. It is based on the novel "The Woman in White" by Wilkie Collins. Several silent versions were made, one in 1912 and one by Fox in 1917 as Tangled Lives. Another 1917 silent version was filmed by Thanhouser and starred Florence La Badie. It survives in the Library of Congress. It was also remade in 1948. The film's


title: "Intimacy: Album III" content: Jill Scott. The album debuted at number 95 on the Hot R&B/Hip-hop albums chart and rose to number 2 the following week. A remix of "If It's Love" was also released, this time featuring R&B artist Chrisette Michele. The album debuted at number two on the US "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 74,000 copies in its first week in the United States, becoming Kem's highest-charting set ever. In March 2012, the album was certified Gold by the RIAA. Intimacy: Album III Intimacy: Album III is the third studio album from R&B artist Kem. It was released on August 17, 2010 on


title: "2011 Budweiser Shootout" content: scored in the race. Kevin Harvick was the defending race winner. Two practice sessions were held before the race, which was on Friday afternoon. The first session lasted 45 minutes, while the second lasted 60 minutes. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. was quickest with a time of 45.031 seconds in the first session, less than five hundredths of a second faster than Mark Martin. Jimmie Johnson with a quickest time of 45.082 seconds was third, ahead of Clint Bowyer, Kyle Busch, and Jeff Burton. Ryan Newman was seventh, still within a second of Earnhardt's time. In the second and final practice session,


title: "William C. Hammond" content: firm, as a principal of a boutique investment bank in Concord, Massachusetts, as a principal of Book Architects in, St. Paul, Minnesota, and as a principal of 2 Bills Literary Agency in Minneapolis, Minnesota. William C. Hammond William C. Hammond (born November 5, 1947, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American novelist of historical fiction best known for his Cutler Family Chronicles series. Hammond grew up in Manchester, a seaside town on Boston’s North Shore, where he learned to sail and haul lobster traps in the waters off Cape Ann. A graduate of the Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts, Hammond went


title: Sembah content: and by the 4th century early Hindu polities has established their rule in Java, Sumatra and Borneo; such as the kingdom of Tarumanagara and Kutai. By the 6th to 9th century, Hindu-Buddhist civilization stood firmly in Java, Bali and Sumatra, as the kingdom of Srivijaya and Medang Mataram rose. The images of "sembah" or "añjali mudrā" appear in bas-reliefs of Javanese "candis", such as the 9th-century Borobudur and Prambanan temples. From then, the "sembah" gesture is endemic in the region, especially in Java and Bali. The sembah is a prescribed etiquette and much-preferred in "keratons" or Javanese courts of Yogyakarta


title: "Honour medal of the National Police" content: Honour medal of the National Police The Honour medal of the National Police () is the highest award of the French National Police, which falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior. Created by the Decree of 3 April 1903 at the request of Monsieur Émile Combes, Minister of the Interior, the medal was originally called the "Médaille d’honneur de la Police Municipale et Rurale" (). The decree of 17 November 1936 will rename it the "Médaille d’honneur de la Police française" (). Finally, Decree No. 96-342 of 22 April 1996 will give the medal its current designation.


title: "Giacomo Vaghi" content: a broad repertoire at that house, including appearances in the world premieres Ildebrando Pizzetti's "Lo straniero" (1930, King Hanóch), Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's "La vedova scaltra" (1931, Innkeeper), Licinio Refice's "Cecilia" (1934, Bishop Urbano), and Franco Alfano's "Cyrano de Bergerac" (1936, Carbon). He also worked as a guest artist at numerous opera houses and opera festivals while based in Rome. He made appearances at La Scala (1929–1931), the Teatro Comunale Florence (1929–1930), Arena di Verona Festival (1931), the Teatro Communale di Bologna (1931), and La Fenice (1938) among others. From 1937-1941, Vaghi was a regular performer at the Teatro Colón in Buenos


title: "FNCC Awards" content: Gowri Mumjal performed dances. Siva Reddy entertained the crowds with mimicry. The first awards were presented on December 16, 2007, at Hyderabad, India where 2000 people attended. The second edition of FNCC Telugu film awards were presented on the night of 31 December 2008. D Rama Naidu and MS Reddy were felicitated. Gamyam and Kotha Bangaru Lokam dominated the awards by winning three each. On the eve of the New Year, the first ever Film Nagar Cultural Club's awards' nite was held in the city. Many popular and prominent people from the film industry were present to celebrate their with


title: "Samriddhi The Prosperity Foundation" content: experts, journalists and other groups and individuals to make an impact on the policy discourse of Nepal, Samriddhi works with a three-tier approach Some of its highly successful efforts include the annual economic policy reform initiative named “Nepal Economic Growth Agenda (NEGA)”, a sharing platform for entrepreneurs named “Last Thursdays with an entrepreneur” and a regular discussion forum on contemporary political economic agendas named “Econ-ity”. Samriddhi also hosts the secretariat of ‘Campaign for a Livable Nepal', popularly known as Gari Khana Deu campaign. One of Samriddhi's award winning programs is a five-day residential workshop on economics and entrepreneurship named Arthalya,


title: "Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani Museum" content: place where Ahmad Yani was shot members of the 30 September Movement. The rest of the family moved out of the house after Yani's death. Mrs Yani helped make their former home into a public Museum in October 1965, the interior is kept as it is, including bullet holes in the door and walls where Ahmad Yani was murdered, and the home's furnishings of the time. Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani Museum The Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani Museum houses a collection from Ahmad Yani and some dioramas about the G-30-S/PKI, 30 September 1965. The museum is located in jalan Lembang 58


title: "Jonny May" content: week. In March 2012 May was named as the inaugural winner of the LV= Breakthrough Player Award. May was named Gloucester's Young Player-of-the-Year for 2011/2012, and his stunning solo effort against Harlequins was named Try-of-the-Season at the Aviva Premiership Awards. In December 2012, May signed a two-year contract extension with Gloucester until the end of the 2014-15 season. On 24 October 2014, May signed a new long-term contract with Gloucester Rugby. In 2017 it was announced he would be joining Leicester Tigers in a swap deal with Ed Slater, after activating a little known clause in his Gloucester contract. May


title: "Fergal Hegarty" content: Fergal Hegarty Fergal Hegarty (born 1975) is an Irish former hurler and manager who played as a left wing-forward for the Clare senior team. Hegarty made his first appearance for the team during the 1995 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1999 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals and two Munster medals. At club level Hegarty played with Kilnamona. In retirement from playing Hegarty has become involved in coaching, most notably with St. Joseph's Doora Barefield. Fergal was involved in the Ballyea Management team in 2016 where they


title: "Barto and Mann" content: where they portrayed the International News Service comic strip characters, "Mutt and Jeff". By the end of 1926, they were well known throughout California as Barto and Mann. Bypassing the lengthy path of seasoning on the vaudeville circuits usually required to “play the Palace” on Broadway (at 47th) in New York, William Morris of the William Morris Agency booked Barto and Mann “cold” into the Palace Theatre for March 14, 1927. "Zit's Theatrical Newspaper" reported of their performance, “Ten minutes before they went on at the Palace last Monday afternoon nobody thought very much about Barto and Mann; ten minutes


title: "Ipswich Hoard" content: Ipswich Hoard There are two notable Ipswich Hoards. The first was a hoard of Anglo-Saxon coins discovered in 1863. The second was a hoard of six Iron Age gold torcs that was discovered in 1968 and 1969. The latter hoard has been described as second only to the Snettisham Hoard in importance as a hoard from the Iron Age, and is held at the British Museum. The first hoard was found in an earthenware pot buried about beneath the doorstep of the house at the corner of Old Buttermarket and St. Lawrence Lane in Ipswich, which had previously belonged to


title: "Estelle Brody" content: Estelle Brody Estelle Brody (15 August 1900 – 3 June 1995) was an American actress who became one of the biggest female stars of British silent film in the latter half of the 1920s. Her career was then derailed by a series of ill-advised decisions and she disappeared from sight for many years before re-emerging between the late 1940s and the 1960s in smaller supporting film and television roles. Brody was born in New York City, and began her career as a dancer in vaudeville. After working for some time as part of a touring troupe travelling round the U.S.,


title: "Miss America 1923" content: Miss America 1923 Miss America 1923, the third Miss America pageant, was held at the Million Dollar Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey on Friday, September 7, 1923. The incumbent, 17-year-old Mary Katherine Campbell, retained her title due primarily to her victory in the bathing suit competition exhibiting "an almost perfect figure." Campbell is the only Miss America to win the title twice. She stated that she was very surprised to have won and was rooting for one of the other girls to win. Joseph Cummings Chase, one of the judges at the pageant said, "Miss Campbell is possessed of


title: "Catherine (video game)" content: Japan's CERO ratings board. Beginning from October 2010, Atlus and its then-parent Index Media began a "aggressive" advertising campaign to promote the title in Japan. "Catherine" released on February 17, 2011. A PS3 demo for the game was released in January, but in early February Atlus pulled the demo, stating that it had achieved the maximum number of planned downloads. Following player complaints about the game's difficulty, Atlus created a patch which added a lower difficulty. The patches for both the PS3 and 360 versions released in March. The PS3 version was released in mainland Asia on July 26, 2011,


title: "Hítardalur" content: estate. The original names of the farm and the small fell under which the farm resides, were that of Húsafell, which today is the name of yet another big farm not far away in Borgarbyggð. The name of the fell has for the longest time now been by common consensus Bæjarfell, and the name of the farm estate Hítardalur, is recorded as the name of a place known as to that ofn original settlement claimed by one of Iceland's first settlers, Þórhaddur Steinsson, just after 900 AD, according to the settlers records of Landnáma. As history has it, there very


title: "Halloween on Spooner Street" content: their welcome mat and says she'll be back tomorrow for $80. The same night, Meg decides to go trick-or-treating with her friends and attends a party held at Connie D'Amico's house. Excited no one can see through her slutty cat costume (even her father, Peter, who said "Ugly bitches!" to her and her friends), Meg eventually wins at spin the bottle, and (unknown to her) begins making out with her brother Chris who was wearing an Optimus Prime costume while in a dark closet. When Connie opens the closet after they hog it for too long, the siblings are in


title: "Christian contemplation" content: mind is calmed, and the ability to see reality is enhanced. The practitioner seeks to attain what the apostle Paul called 'unceasing prayer'. Some Eastern Orthodox theologians object to what they consider an overly speculative, rationalistic, and insufficiently experiential nature of Roman Catholic theology. and confusion between different aspects of the Trinity. In the Orthodox Churches, noetic prayer is the first stage of "theoria". "Theoria" proper is the vision of God, which is beyond conceptual knowledge, like the difference between reading about the experience of another, and reading about one's own experience. In the Roman Catholic Church, in natural or


title: Projector content: Projector A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers. A virtual retinal display, or retinal projector, is a projector that projects an image directly on the retina instead of using an external projection screen. The most common type of projector used today is called a video projector. Video projectors are digital replacements for earlier types of projectors


title: Projector content: such as slide projectors and overhead projectors. These earlier types of projectors were mostly replaced with digital video projectors throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, but old analog projectors are still used at some places. The newest types of projectors are handheld projectors that use lasers or LEDs to project images. Their projections are hard to see if there is too much ambient light. Movie theaters used a type of projector called a movie projector, nowadays mostly replaced with digital cinema video projectors. Projectors can be roughly divided into three categories, based on the type of input. Some of the


title: Projector content: listed projectors were capable of projecting different types of input. For instance: video projectors were basically developed for the projection of prerecorded moving images, but are regularly used for still images in PowerPoint presentations and can easily be connected to a video camera for real-time input. The magic lantern is best known for the projection of still images, but was capable of projecting moving images from mechanical slides since its invention and was probably at its peak of popularity when used in phantasmagoria shows to project moving images of ghosts. There probably existed quite a few other types of projectors


title: Projector content: than the examples described below, but evidence is scarce and reports are often unclear about their nature. Spectators not always provided the details needed to differentiate between for instance a shadow play and a lantern projection. Many did not understand the nature of what they had seen and few had ever seen other comparable media. Projections were often presented or perceived as magic or even as religious experiences, with most projectionists unwilling to share their secrets. Joseph Needham sums up some possible projection examples from China in his 1962 book series "Science and Civilization in China" The earliest projection of


title: Projector content: images was most likely done in primitive shadowgraphy dating back to prehistory. Shadow play usually does not involve a projection device, but can be seen as a first step in the development of projectors. It evolved into more refined forms of shadow puppetry in Asia, where it has a long history in Indonesia (records relating to Wayang since 840 CE), Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, China (records since around 1000 CE), India and Nepal. Projectors share a common history with cameras in the camera obscura. Camera obscura (Latin for "dark room") is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of


title: Projector content: a scene at the other side of a screen (or for instance a wall) is projected through a small hole in that screen to form an inverted image (left to right and upside down) on a surface opposite to the opening. The oldest known record of this principle is a description by Han Chinese philosopher Mozi (ca. 470 to ca. 391 BC). Mozi correctly asserted that the camera obscura image is inverted because light travels in straight lines from its source. In the 11th century Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) described experiments with light through a small opening in a


title: Projector content: darkened room and realized that a smaller hole provided a sharper image. The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a darkened room has been traced back to circa 1550. The shared history of camera and projector basically split with the introduction of the magic lantern in the later half of the 17th century. The camera obscura device would mostly live on as a drawing aid in the form of tents and boxes and was adapted into the photographic camera in the first decades of the 19th century. The oldest known objects


title: Projector content: that can project images are Chinese magic mirrors. The origins of these mirrors have been traced back to the Chinese Han dynasty (206 BC – 24 AD) and are also found in Japan. The mirrors were cast in bronze with a pattern embossed at the back and a mercury amalgam laid over the polished front. The pattern seen on the back of the mirror is seen in a projection when light is reflected from the polished front onto a wall or other surface. No trace of the pattern can be discerned on the reflecting surface with the naked eye, but


title: Projector content: minute undulations on the surface are introduced during the manufacturing process and cause the reflected rays of light to form the pattern. It is very likely that the practice of image projection via drawings or text on the surface of mirrors predates the very refined ancient art of the magic mirrors, but no evidence seems to be available. Revolving lanterns have been known in China as "trotting horse lamps" [走馬燈] since before 1000 CE. A trotting horse lamp is a hexagonal, cubical or round lantern which on the inside has cut-out silhouettes attached to a shaft with a paper vane


title: Projector content: impeller on top, rotated by heated air rising from a lamp. The silhouettes are projected on the thin paper sides of the lantern and appear to chase each other. Some versions showed some extra motion in the heads, feet and/or hands of figures by connecting them with a fine iron wire to an extra inner layer that would be triggered by a transversely connected iron wire. The lamp would typically show images of horses and horse-riders. In France similar lanterns were known as "lanterne vive" ("bright" or "living lantern") in Medieval times and "lanterne tournante" since the 18th century. An


title: Projector content: early variation was described in 1584 by Jean Prevost in his small octavo book "La Premiere partie des subtiles et plaisantes inventions". In his "lanterne" cut-out figures of a small army were placed on wooden platform rotated by a cardboard propeller above a candle. The figures cast their shadows on translucent, oiled paper on the outside of the lantern. He suggested to take special care that the figures look lively: with horses raising their front legs as if they were jumping and soldiers with drawn swords, a dog chasing a hare, etcetera. According to Prevost barbers were skilled in this


title: Projector content: art and it was common to see these night lanterns in their shop windows. A more common version had the figures, usually representing grotesque or devilish creatures, painted on a transparent strip. The strip was rotated inside a cylinder by a tin impeller above a candle. The cylinder could be made of paper or of sheet metal perforated with decorative patterns. Around 1608 Mathurin Régnier mentioned the device in his "Satire XI" as something used by a patissier to amuse children. Régnier compared the mind of an old nagger with the lantern's effect of birds, monkeys, elephants, dogs, cats, hares,


title: Projector content: foxes and many strange beasts chasing each other. John Locke (1632-1704) referred to a similar device when wondering if ideas are formed in our minds at regular intervals,"not much unlike the images in the inside of a lantern, turned round by the heat of a candle." Related constructions were used as Christmas decorations in England and parts of Europe. A common type of rotating device that is closely related does not really involve light and shadows, but it simply uses candles and an impeller to rotate a platform with tiny wooden figurines. Most modern electric versions of this type of


title: Projector content: lantern use all kinds of colorful transparent cellophane figures which are projected across the walls, especially popular for nurseries. The inverted real image of an object reflected by a concave mirror can appear at the focal point in front of the mirror. In a construction with an object at the bottom of two opposing concave mirrors (parabolic reflectors) on top of each other, the top one with an opening in its center, the reflected image can appear at the opening as a very convincing 3D optical illusion. The earliest description of projection with concave mirrors has been traced back to


title: Projector content: a text by French author Jean de Meun in his part of "Roman de la Rose" (circa 1275). A theory known as the Hockney-Falco thesis claims that artists used either concave mirrors or refractive lenses to project images onto their canvas/board as a drawing/painting aid as early as circa 1430. It has also been thought that some encounters with spirits or gods since antiquity may have been conjured up with (concave) mirrors. Around 1420 the Venetian scholar and engineer Giovanni Fontana included a drawing of a person with a lantern projecting an image of a demon in his book about


title: Projector content: mechanical instruments "Bellicorum Instrumentorum Liber". The Latin text "Apparentia nocturna ad terrorem videntium" (Nocturnal appearance to frighten spectators)" clarifies its purpose, but the meaning of the undecipherable other lines is unclear. The lantern seems to simply have the light of an oil lamp or candle go through a transparent cylindrical case on which the figure is drawn to project the larger image, so it probably couldn't project an image as clearly defined as Fontana's drawing suggests. In 1437 Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer Leon Battista Alberti is thought to have possibly projected painted pictures


title: Projector content: from a small closed box with a small hole, but it is unclear whether this actually was a projector or rather a type of show box with transparent pictures illuminated from behind and viewed through the hole. Leonardo da Vinci is thought to have had a projecting lantern - with a condensing lens, candle and chimney - based on a small sketch from around 1515. In his Three Books of Occult Philosophy (1531-1533) Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa claimed that it was possible to project "images artificially painted, or written letters" onto the surface of the moon with the means of moonbeams


title: Projector content: and their "resemblances being multiplied in the air". Pythagoras would have often performed this trick. In 1589 Giambattista della Porta published about the ancient art of projecting mirror writing in his book "Magiae Naturalis - Libri Viginti". Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel, who is a likely inventor of the microscope, is thought to have had some kind of projector that he used in magical performances. In a 1608 letter he described the many marvelous transformations he performed and the apparitions that he summoned by the means of his new invention based on optics. It included giants that rose from the earth


title: Projector content: and moved all their limbs very lifelike. The letter was found in the papers of his friend Constantijn Huygens, father of the likely inventor of the magic lantern Christiaan Huygens. In 1612 Italian mathematician Benedetto Castelli wrote to his mentor, the Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher and mathematician Galileo Galilei about projecting images of the sun through a telescope (invented in 1608) to study the recently discovered sunspots. Galilei wrote about Castelli's technique to the German Jesuit priest, physicist and astronomer Christoph Scheiner. From 1612 to at least 1630 Christoph Scheiner would keep on studying sunspots and constructing new telescopic


title: Projector content: solar projection systems. He called these "Heliotropii Telioscopici", later contracted to helioscope. The 1645 first edition of German Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher's book "Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae" included a description of his invention, the "Steganographic Mirror": a primitive projection system with a focusing lens and text or pictures painted on a concave mirror reflecting sunlight, mostly intended for long distance communication. He saw limitations in the increase of size and diminished clarity over a long distance and expressed his hope that someone would find a method to improve on this. Kircher also suggested projecting live flies and shadow puppets


title: Projector content: from the surface of the mirror. The book was quite influential and inspired many scholars, probably including Christiaan Huygens who would invent the magic lantern. Kircher was often credited as the inventor of the magic lantern, although in his 1671 edition of "Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae" Kircher himself credited Danish mathematician Thomas Rasmussen Walgensten for the magic lantern, which Kircher saw as a further development of his own projection system. Although Athanasius Kircher claimed the Steganographic mirror as his own invention and wrote not to have read about anything like it, it has been suggested that Rembrandt's 1635 painting


title: Projector content: of "Belshazzar's Feast" depicts a steganographic mirror projection with God's hand writing Hebrew letters on a dusty mirror's surface. In 1654 Belgian Jesuit mathematician André Tacquet used Kircher's technique to show the journey from China to Belgium of Italian Jesuit missionary Martino Martini. It is sometimes reported that Martini lectured throughout Europe with a magic lantern which he might have imported from China, but there's no evidence that anything other than Kircher's technique was used. By 1659 Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens had developed the magic lantern, which used a concave mirror to reflect and direct as much of the light


title: Projector content: of a lamp as possible through a small sheet of glass on which was the image to be projected, and onward into a focusing lens at the front of the apparatus to project the image onto a wall or screen (Huygens apparatus actually used two additional lenses). He did not publish nor publicly demonstrate his invention as he thought it was too frivolous and was ashamed about it. The magic lantern became a very popular medium for entertainment and educational purposes in the 18th and 19th century. This popularity waned after the introduction of cinema in the 1890s. The magic


title: Projector content: lantern remained a common medium until slide projectors came into widespread use during the 1950s. A few years before his death in 1736 Polish-German-Dutch physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit reportedly constructed a solar microscope, which basically was a combination of the compound microscope with camera obscura projection. It needed bright sunlight as a light source to project a clear magnified image of transparent objects. Fahrenheit's instrument may have been seen by German physician Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn who introduced the instrument in England, where optician John Cuff improved it with a stationary optical tube and an adjustable mirror. In 1774 English instrument


title: Projector content: maker Benjamin Martin introduced his "Opake Solar Microscope" for the enlarged projection of opaque objects. He claimed: Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer Leonhard Euler demonstrated an opaque projector, now commonly known as an episcope, around 1756. It could project a clear image of opaque images and (small) objects. French scientist Jacques Charles is thought to have invented the similar "megascope" in 1780. He used it for his lectures. Around 1872 Henry Morton used an opaque projector in demonstrations for huge audiences, for example in the Philadelphia Opera House which could seat 3500 people. His machine did not use


title: Projector content: a condenser or reflector, but used a oxyhydrogen lamp close to the object in order to project huge clear images. In the early and middle parts of the 20th century, low-cost opaque projectors were produced and marketed as a toy for children. The light source in early opaque projectors was often limelight, with incandescent light bulbs and halogen lamps taking over later. Episcopes are still marketed as artists’ enlargement tools to allow images to be traced on surfaces such as prepared canvas. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, overhead projectors began to be widely used in schools and businesses.


title: Projector content: The first overhead projector was used for police identification work. It used a cellophane roll over a 9-inch stage allowing facial characteristics to be rolled across the stage. The U.S. Army in 1945 was the first to use it in quantity for training as World War II wound down. From the 1950s to the 1990s slide projectors for 35 mm photographic positive film slides were common for presentations and as a form of entertainment; family members and friends would occasionally gather to view slideshows, typically of vacation travels. In the early 2000s, slides were largely replaced by digital images. Projector


title: "Stanleya pinnata" content: Stanleya pinnata Stanleya pinnata is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known as desert princesplume. It is native to the United States. The plant is native to the western Great Plains and the Western United States. It occurs in many types of open habitat, including deserts, chaparral, foothills, rocky cliffs, sagebrush, and prairie. It prefers alkali- and gypsum-rich soils. "Stanleya pinnata" is a perennial herb or shrub producing several erect stems reaching up to about in maximum height. The stems are hairless, often waxy in texture, and have woody bases. The leaves have fleshy blades up to


title: "Stanleya pinnata" content: 15 centimeters long by 5 wide which are divided into several long, narrow lobes. The blades are borne on petioles. The top of the stem is occupied by a long inflorescence which is a dense raceme of many flowers. Each flower has narrow yellowish sepals which open to reveal four bright yellow petals each up to 2 centimeters long. The stamens protruding from the flower's center may approach 3 centimeters in length. The fruit is a curving, wormlike silique up to 8 centimeters long. It was used as a Native American traditional medicinal plant and food source, including by the


title: "Stanleya pinnata" content: Hopi, Zuni, Paiute, Navajo, Kawaiisu, and Tewa peoples. Stanleya pinnata Stanleya pinnata is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known as desert princesplume. It is native to the United States. The plant is native to the western Great Plains and the Western United States. It occurs in many types of open habitat, including deserts, chaparral, foothills, rocky cliffs, sagebrush, and prairie. It prefers alkali- and gypsum-rich soils. "Stanleya pinnata" is a perennial herb or shrub producing several erect stems reaching up to about in maximum height. The stems are hairless, often waxy in texture, and have woody


title: "Dondup Tseten Dorje" content: Dondup Tseten Dorje Dondup Tseten Dorje () (d. 1620) was the penultimate prince of the Rinpungpa Dynasty which held power in Tsang (West Central Tibet) between 1435 and 1565. Dondup Tseten Dorje was the second son of the Rinpungpa lord Ngawang Namgyal. He succeeded his father as the prince of Tsang at an uncertain date in the mid-sixteenth century, probably in 1544, since his elder brother Padma Karpo had died young. He was reputedly a valiant warrior. Like his predecessors he was a patron of the Karmapa sect of Buddhism. He assisted the Karmapa hierarch Mikyö Dorje (1507–54) to build


title: "John Ericsson-class monitor" content: standoff between and the much larger during the Battle of Hampton Roads in early 1862 roused much interest in Sweden in this new type of warship as it seemed ideal for coastal defense duties. A parliamentary committee set up earlier to investigate the state of the Swedish navy had already concluded that the existing fleet was obsolete and new construction would have to be steam-powered and built of iron. John Ericsson, designer and builder of the "Monitor", had been born in Sweden, although he had become an American citizen in 1848, and offered to share his design with the Swedes.


title: "HNoMS Mjølner (1868)" content: of coal were removed. Her repairs were completed on 7 July 1869 by the Royal Dockyard at Horten, at the cost of 5,000 krone. The court of inquiry found the ship's commander and the pilot liable for the repairs, but the parliament released the two from their obligation two years later. She was visited by King Charles XV of Sweden on one occasion when visiting one of Sweden's west-coast ports in the early 1870s. "Mjølner" was after her refit in 1897, but was mobilized during 1905 when the personal union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved. She returned to reserve


title: "Ngawang Jigme Drakpa" content: Ngawang Jigme Drakpa Ngawang Jigme Drakpa () (died 1597) was the last ruling prince of Tsang (West Central Tibet) of the Rinpungpa Dynasty. He was also a renowned author. Ngawang Jigme Drakpa was the third son of the Rinpungpa prince Ngawang Namgyal. The chronological tables of Sumpa Khanpo allege that he was born in the Water-Tiger year 1482, which is unlikely. The eldest living brother Dondup Tseten Dorje took over the possessions of his father at the latter's death in 1544 (or later); he is however not known for political activity after the mid 16th century, although he bore the


title: "Van Tassell and Kearney Horse Auction Mart" content: mart concerned the sale of horses, particularly high-priced ribbon winners, polo ponies, hunters, and thoroughbreds. Other sales were devoted to breeding stock and coach horses, including a large group of horses co-owned by Alfred W. Vanderbilt and Robert L. Gerry in 1906. As automobiles and other forms of public transit became much more common after World War I, the practical need for horses and stables decreased. The auction mart ceased functioning in the 13th Street building. It served as an assembly-line training center for women during World War II. From 1978 to 2005, artist Frank Stella owned the building and


title: "French ironclad La Galissonnière" content: such prolonged construction time is not known, the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age. The ship began her sea trials on 20 April 1874 and was not commissioned until 18 July 1874. She became flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 16 May 1874 under the command of Rear Admiral Perigot. She return to Brest on 19 March 1877, having circumnavigated the world via the Suez Canal. The ship was placed in reserve upon her return until


title: "Santha Devi" content: by Vasu Pradeep and directed by Kundanari Appu Nair. She made her cinema debut in "Minnaminungu" (1957) directed by Ramu Karyat. She has acted in over 480 movies including "Moodupadam", "Kuttikkuppayam", "Kunjalimaraykkar", "Iruttinte Athmavu", "Sthalathe pradhana payyans" and "Adwaitham". Kerala Cafe, produced by director Ranjith, was her last movie where she enacted the role of a forlorn grandmother with no one to look after her. Besides movies, she was also active in television serials. Her most memorable roles are from Manasi and Minnukettu. Santha Devi died on 20 November 2010 evening in a private hospital in Kozhikode. She had 9


title: "Recreation Ground, Torquay" content: 600 but in recent years only half of it is accessible due to safety concerns. Recreation Ground, Torquay Recreation Ground is a former First-class cricket ground located in Torquay, Devon. Between 1954 and 1958, the ground hosted annual fixtures between the South and the North, and between England XI and Commonwealth XI. The ground has been among the home venues for Devon County Cricket Club since 1932, while first-class county Somerset have also hosted four matches on the ground. Since 1904 Torquay Athletic RFC have been tenants at the ground with cricket continuing to be played in the summer months.


title: "Brazilian ironclad Barroso" content: Brazilian ironclad Barroso The Brazilian ironclad "Barroso" was an armoured gunboat built for the Brazilian Navy during the Paraguayan War in the mid-1860s. "Barroso" bombarded Paraguayan fortifications in 1866 and 1867 a number of times before she participated in the Passagem de Humaitá in February 1868. Afterwards the ship provided fire support for the army for the rest of the war. She was assigned to the Mato Grosso Flotilla after the war. "Barroso" was decommissioned in 1882, but was not scrapped until 1937. "Barroso" was designed to meet the need of the Brazilian Navy for a small, simple, shallow-draft armored


title: "Sportsworld (radio)" content: 1979. A Sunday edition was added in 1996. The programme is now broadcast for three hours every Saturday (1500-1800 GMT) and Sunday (1600-1900 GMT). In November 2011 Sportsworld moved out of BBC Television Centre with the rest of the BBC Sport department to MediaCityUK. "Sportsworld" brings the biggest sporting events to a global audience, using the full resources of the BBC. The programme features live commentary from the Premier League every weekend during the English football season. Correspondents in Spain and Italy cover La Liga and Serie A. Live sport is mixed with debate, discussion and analysis of the leading


title: "Anno Domini 1573" content: are caught by Tahy's men. Petar's father is forced to strip naked, and then is chased down and killed by Tahy's dogs. Petar returns to his village, where Tahy is taking food from the peasants for his own supplies; even virgin girls are taken away to his castle. Rumours are beginning to swell about the "Oathed Brotherhood," a group of peasant leaders who intend to rise up against the nobility. A comedian troupe (including Regica) arrives in Petar's village, putting on a show to mock the local nobility and church leadership. When Tahy's men approach the village, they flee. Petar


title: "Diane Roter" content: that she appeared with were James Drury, Doug McClure, Clu Gulager and Randy Boone. She also worked with a diverse line up of guest stars. These included (alphabetically by last name): She also worked with a diverse line up of directors. These included (alphabetically by last name): She also worked with a diverse line up of producers. These included (alphabetically by last name): She won the Bronze Wrangler award from the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1966 for her acting in the episode titled "The Horse Fighter" with the following cast and crew: Randy Boone, Lee J. Cobb,


title: "Sympetrum costiferum" content: Sympetrum costiferum The Saffron-winged Meadowhawk ("Sympetrum costiferum") is a dragonfly of the genus "Sympetrum". It is found across northern and central United States and most of Canada, including a southern portion of the Northwest Territories. Its abdomen is yellowish-brown, turning pale red at maturity in both sexes. Juveniles and females have gold (saffron) coloured wing stripes. Veins of males and females are reddish or orange. The sides of the abdomen are marked with black triangles. Some females have amber in basal areas of their wings. Legs are striped in black and yellow or red. Size: . This species overlaps with


title: "Sympetrum costiferum" content: and is difficult to distinguish from both the Ruby and White-faced Meadowhawks. Sympetrum costiferum The Saffron-winged Meadowhawk ("Sympetrum costiferum") is a dragonfly of the genus "Sympetrum". It is found across northern and central United States and most of Canada, including a southern portion of the Northwest Territories. Its abdomen is yellowish-brown, turning pale red at maturity in both sexes. Juveniles and females have gold (saffron) coloured wing stripes. Veins of males and females are reddish or orange. The sides of the abdomen are marked with black triangles. Some females have amber in basal areas of their wings. Legs are striped


title: "Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie" content: poems commend the survivors who have prevailed despite racism and a great deal of difficulty and challenges. Neubauer states that Angelou focuses on the lives of American Black people from the time of slavery to the 1960s, and that her themes "deal broadly with the painful anguish suffered by blacks forced into submission, with guilt over accepting too much, and with protest and basic survival". Critic William Sylvester states that the metaphors in Angelou's poetry serve as "coding", or litotes, for meanings understood by other Blacks. In her poem "Sepia Fashion Show", for example, the last lines ("I'd remind them


title: "Governance of Kosovo" content: 17 February 2008, 109 individual assemblymen of the Assembly of Kosovo signed the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, which resulted in significant controversy. On 9 April 2008, a Constitution of Kosovo was adopted by the Assembly of Kosovo in what Serbian Minister for Kosovo Slobodan Samardžić called an "illegal act". On 15 June 2008 the Constitution took effect by its own terms. On 28 June 2008, delegates elected in the Kosovan local elections, 2008 in 26 municipalities in Kosovo convened an Assembly of the Community of Municipalities of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Legislative power is vested in


title: "Georgia Institute of Technology" content: established dual degree programs in the University of Panama and other Panamanian universities with Georgia Tech. A similar center in Singapore, The Centre for Next Generation Logistics, was established in 2015 and is a collaboration between Georgia Tech and the National University of Singapore. The Center will work closely with government agencies and the industry to perform research in logistics and supply chain systems for translation into innovations and commercialization to achieve transformative economic and societal impact. Georgia Tech maintains close ties to the industrial world. Many of these connections are made through Georgia Tech's cooperative education and internship programs.


title: "Charles L. Capen" content: to settle in the Kansas Territory. Luman Capen thus moved his family to Lawrence, Kansas, with the Kansas Territory in the middle of the Bleeding Kansas series of events. Shortly after arriving in Lawrence, Luman Capen saw Jim Lane shoot a man dead in the streets of Lawrence. Appalled by this violence, the Capens returned to New York. The family then moved west a second time, initially settling on a farm near Bloomington, Illinois before moving into Bloomington in March 1856. As a boy of twelve, Charles L. Capen attended the founding meeting of the Illinois Republican Party, held in


title: "Karma Tensung" content: able to expel Khatan's army from Yangpachen, the estate of his ally the Shamarpa lama. However, he also strengthened the ties to some Mongols that his father had initiated. According to one version he was married to Sonam Palgyi Butri, a daughter of the Kyishö lord in the Lhasa area. She gave birth to a daughter but the couple subsequently separated. Sonam Palgyi Butri then married Tenpai Nyima, of the abbot family of Ralung, and gave birth to Ngawang Namgyal (1594–1651?), the founder of Bhutan. All this may explain part of the hostility between the Tsangpa and Ngawang Namgyal later


title: "Sack Friary, Bristol" content: near the church of the "Friars di saccis" signed by Simon de Ely, burgess of Bristol to William de Cameleigh. Sack Friary, Bristol Sack Friary, Bristol was a friary in Bristol, England. It was established in 1266 and dissolved in 1286. The mendicant religious order was known as the Friars of the Sack and the Brothers of Penitence. The friars first appeared in England in 1257, with the order apparently originating in Italy, where they were known as "Fratres de Sacco". The order began in 1251 and expanded into Britain, France, Spain, Germany and Palestine. The Second Council of Lyon


title: "Notogibbula bicarinata" content: red. The five whorls have a strong shoulder and basal angulations. They contain two prominent rounded keels, one next the suture; slightly concave between the suture and upper keel, and a little concave between the keels, The whorls are finely spirally ridged and decussated with exceedingly fine and close oblique longitudinal lines. The sculpture of the shell shows microscopic spiral threads. The convex base of the shell is reticulated with gray and minutely spotted with red. It is finely concentrically ridged and decussated like the whorls, the ridges increasing in size toward the umbilicus. The white aperture is round and


title: "Carrier Strike Group 1" content: Vinson" to its new home base in San Diego, California, it supported Operation Unified Response, providing humanitarian assistance following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. During its first overseas deployment in 2011, the body of Osama bin Laden was flown to the "Carl Vinson" for burial at sea. Carrier Strike Group One was the second U.S. Navy carrier force to participate in Operation Inherent Resolve. Carrier Strike Group 1 traces its lineage to Carrier Division 1 (CarDiv 1), the U.S. Navy's first seagoing naval aviation formation. It was first organized in October 1930 as part of the Aircraft Scouting Force, U.S. Fleet


title: "2010 Alaska USAF C-17 crash" content: Washington. On both occasions, the local USAF unit's chain of command apparently failed to prevent the pilots involved from developing deliberately unsafe flying practices for aerial displays of large aircraft. 2010 Alaska USAF C-17 crash On July 28, 2010, a U.S. Air Force transport plane crashed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska, killing all four crew members. The aircraft involved was a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (tail number "00-0173") and the crash was the first fatal C-17 flight mishap. The crew were practicing for Elmendorf's Arctic Thunder Air Show, which took place three days later. The aircraft was a


title: "Polites sabuleti" content: Polites sabuleti Polites sabuleti, the sandhill skipper or saltgrass skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found from southern British Columbia and eastern Washington, south through California and northern Arizona to Baja California and east to south-eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and north-eastern New Mexico. It is an introduced species in Hawaii. The wingspan is 22–32 mm. There is one generation with adults on wing from June to August at high elevations. There are several generations from March to October in the southern part of its range and at low elevations. The larvae feed on various grasses, including


title: "Polites sabuleti" content: "Cynodon dactylon", "Poa pratensis", "Distichlis spicata" var. "stricta", "Eragrostis trichodes", "Agrostis scabra", "Festuca idahoensis", and "Festuca brachyphylla". Adults feed on flower nectar. Polites sabuleti Polites sabuleti, the sandhill skipper or saltgrass skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found from southern British Columbia and eastern Washington, south through California and northern Arizona to Baja California and east to south-eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and north-eastern New Mexico. It is an introduced species in Hawaii. The wingspan is 22–32 mm. There is one generation with adults on wing from June to August at high elevations. There are several generations


title: "Scott Gummer" content: book was "The Seventh at St. Andrews" (Gotham, 2007), a process story that chronicled the creation of the David McLay Kidd-designed Castle Course in Scotland. The book was not a how-to text on building a golf course, but rather the story of the people and the politics behind the scenes. Another non-fiction golf book followed, "Homer Kelley's Golfing Machine: The Curious Quest that Solved Golf" (Gotham, 2009). It tells the story of a simpleton from Washington state who devoted his life to solving the physics and geometry behind the golf swing. In 1969, after 30 years of research, Kelley self-published


title: "Royal Rumble (2011)" content: Big Boot on Layla. Eve performed a Diving Moonsault on Layla to win the title. The main event was the 40-man Royal Rumble match for a world championship match at WrestleMania XXVII. CM Punk entered at #1 but was attacked by Nexus's rivals The Corre. The anonymous RAW General Manager stopped the attack and threatened to disqualify both the Corre and the Nexus from the Royal Rumble match. United States Champion Daniel Bryan then entered at #2 and the match began. Punk would last the longest in the match for over 35 minutes and scored seven eliminations, throwing Bryan, John


title: "Ten Thousand a-Year" content: Ten Thousand a-Year Ten Thousand a-Year is a novel written by English barrister Samuel Warren. First published in 1841, it enjoyed widespread popularity in the United States and Europe for much of the century. When first published, the novel was split into 3 volumes for its United Kingdom release and 6 volumes for release in the United States. Despite Edgar Allan Poe's critical panning of the book as 'shamefully ill-written' in the November 1841 issue of Graham's Magazine, it went on to become one of the most popular novels of the era in both the United States and Europe. New


title: "Arad–Szeged pipeline" content: consortium of two companies. The final investment decision was made at the end of 2008. The pipeline is expected to be operational by September 2010 and it will carry 4.4 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. The agreement between Romanian gas company Transgaz and Hungarian oil and gas company MOL was signed on 1 July 2008. The intergovernmental agreement to build a natural gas pipeline between countries was signed in May 2010 in Arad. The pipeline was supposed to be inaugurated on 29 July 2010 but was postponed until September due to construction issues on the Hungarian side.


title: "Neil Mahoney" content: Neil Mahoney Neil T. Mahoney (November 21, 1906 — May 23, 1973) was an American professional baseball scout, scouting director, and player development official. Mahoney spent more than 30 years with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball, and as director of minor league operations and director of player procurement, he played an instrumental role in Boston's 1967 and 1975 American League championships. A native of Newton, Massachusetts, Mahoney graduated with a business degree from Northeastern University in 1929, then played semi-professional baseball in New England, and one professional season (1934) as a catcher for the Watertown Townies and


title: "Gangajalghati (Vidhan Sabha constituency)" content: Angad Bauri of CPI(M) won the Gangajalghati assembly seat defeating his nearest rival Swapan Bauri of Trinamool Congress. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Ramcharan Bauri of CPI(M) defeated Swapan Bauri of Trinamool Congress in 2001. Angad Bauri of CPI(M) defeated Guiram Maji of Congress in 1996 and Phatik Chandra Mandal of Congress in 1991. Nabani Bauri of CPI(M) defeated Phatik Chandra Mandal of Congress in 1987, Guiram Maji of Congress in 1982 and Saktipada Maji of Congress in 1977. Shaktipada Maji of Congress in 1972. Kalipada Basui of CPI(M) won