title: "Jesse Ehrenfeld" content: attended high school at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. A board certified anesthesiologist, he holds a Bachelor of Science from Haverford College, an MD from the University of Chicago, and a Master of Public Health degree from Harvard University. He completed his Internship in Internal Medicine (2004-2005), Residency in Anesthesiology (2005-2008), and Informatics Fellowship (2008-2010) all at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He is Board Certified in both Anesthesiology and Clinical Informatics. Ehrenfeld's research in the area of continuous quality improvement and intraoperative patient safety has been supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, the Robert Wood


title: "Television in Indonesia" content: advertisements up to 15% its broadcast hours. On August 24, 1990, the third television station, Surya Citra Televisi or SCTV, formerly Surabaya Centra Televisi, was inaugurated. This television station was owned by "king of cineplex" Sudwikatmono. On September 13, 1990, the president issued Presidential Decree no. 40 regarding the television property tax collection between "Yayasan TVRI" and PT Mekatama Raya, a private company owned by Sudwikatmono and Sigit Hardjojudanto. Since the beginning of 1991, this private company was the responsible body to withdraw television property tax from people. The reason for this change is to increase revenue from the lower


title: "Mary Glen-Haig" content: Mary Glen-Haig Dame Mary Alison Glen-Haig, (née James; 12 July 1918 – 15 November 2014) was a British fencer who competed in four Olympic games in 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. She was born in London, the daughter of William James, a fencer at the 1908 London Olympics. She began competing professionally in 1937 and continued until 1960, during which time she won two gold medals at the Commonwealth Games and competed in four Olympics in the women's individual foil events. She was the first female member of the International Olympic Committee and was created a dame in 1993. After


title: "Ford Taurus (fourth generation)" content: at the driver's request to make sure that the engine was functioning properly. The two 1999 models were carried over, and two more were added. The most basic model was the LX, with the SE as the mid priced model. Two new trim levels were offered for 2000: the SE Special Value Group and the top-end model SE Comfort. These new trim levels were renamed the following year to SES and SEL respectively. The SES and LX models were dropped in 2005, leaving the SE and SEL. The SEL line received a few upgrades for 2003, to give it a


title: "The Bridal Party" content: wars, Fitzgerald provides a romantic and economic parallel in "The Bridal Party". Michael Curly's statement, "I don't want to live—I used to dream about our home, our children," accurately reflects the mindset of American people during and after the stock market crash of 1929. For those who lost their homes, life savings and notions of the American dream, it was hard to find a way out of their predicament. The turning point for the protagonist in this story can be seen as the sunlit door from which his newlywed ex-girlfriend exits, "forward to the future." "The Bridal Party" is Fitzgerald's


title: "Eastern mudminnow" content: night out of water. The fish can be found in waters with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 8.1 in natural environments. The optimal pH for growth is 4.5, which is often detrimental or even fatal for most fish. The eastern mudminnow are bottom-feeders and feed on insect larvae, worms, molluscs, and crustaceans. The eastern muddow are known to leap from the water while feeding. Eastern mudminnows have been known to exhibit more complex reproductive behaviors. Males participate in courtship and the fish build nests. Nests can be found in cavities of algae, under loose rocks, and in depressions in


title: "Columbia Human Rights Law Review" content: Columbia Human Rights Law Review The Columbia Human Rights Law Review is a law review established in 1967 focusing on human rights issues. The journal is produced and edited by students of the Columbia University Law School and is "dedicated to the analysis and discussion of human rights and civil liberties under both domestic and international law." In 2016, the journal launched HRLR Online, an online publication featuring shorter, cutting-edge pieces focusing on human rights. The journal has published Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Bishop Desmond Tutu, Amal Clooney, Judge Morris Lasker, Vernon Jordan, Michael Posner, Vilma Martinez, Jack Greenberg, Marian


title: "1774–75 Papal conclave" content: 1774–75 Papal conclave The papal conclave of 1774–75 (October 5 – February 15), was convoked after the death of Pope Clement XIV and ended with the election of Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Braschi, who took the name of Pius VI. Pope Clement XIV died suddenly on September 22, 1774 at the age of 68. His pontificate had been dominated by the problem of the Society of Jesus. The various courts under the House of Bourbon and the Kingdom of Portugal (under the House of Braganza) urged the general suppression of the order. The Pope tried to defend Jesuits and to temporize,


title: "Taken by Cars" content: wanting to be free of something (Soothsayer), wanting to belong (All Nighter), wanting to get somewhere (Nomads), and looking to have more faith (Turn of the Tide). Musically, the band doesn’t deviate from its Alt-New Wave roots. “Soothsayer” reminds me of something out of Slowdive’s majestic “Souvlaki”. “Crowes” takes me back during my New York City days frequenting the rain-swept streets of the Bowery with the music of an early Interpol playing in my head." -- Rick Olivares, ABS-CBN. Track 01: Floods Track 02: Turn Of The Tide Track 03: All Nighter Track 04: Neon Dreams Track 05: Soothsayer Track


title: "Wildlife of Sri Lanka" content: 41 of which are threatened (9 critically). 16 of the species are endemic, of which 14 are threatened, including the large sloth bear. mammalian orders), with 30 different species. Sri Lanka's surrounding waters are home to 28 species of Cetaceans. Sri Lanka currently contains 178 species of reptiles, of which 60 are threatened and 108 are endemic. Most of the reptiles are snakes and the largest are two species of crocodile, the mugger crocodile and saltwater crocodile. Sri Lanka has one of the richest diversity of amphibians in the world, containing 121 species of amphibians up to 2018 with many


title: "Komatsu Kiyokado" content: served as an official in the Imperial government. While in Kagoshima, Komatsu fell ill and died in 1870. Before he died he wrote a letter to Okoto, his concubine in Kyoto, directing her to give their son Komatsu Kiyonao to his wife Ochika to be raised as the head of the Komatsu family. He was buried in the Komatsu family shrine beside both Ochika and Okoto. The Komatsu family shrine is located in the city of Hiyoki, known in modern day as the Kagoshima Prefecture. Komatsu Kiyokado Komatsu Tatewaki was born the fourth son of Kimotsuki Kaneyoshi of Kiire (5500


title: "Thomas Müller" content: the 64th minute. Müller scored in the first two matchdays in the Bundesliga season. He scored in the second round of the German Cup against SV Rödinghausen. He scored two goals against Fortuna Düsseldorf in the Bundesliga on 24 November 2018. On 12 December 2018, Müller played his 105th Champions League match in a match against Ajax and therefore leveling former club legend Philipp Lahm as the record appearance holder in the Champions League at Bayern. In that same match Müller was sent off for the first time in his career for a straight red card. On 15 December 2018,


title: "East Hawley Center Historic District" content: and post office, and the relocation of the Congregational Church into the area cemented its importance in the town's civic life. There was some industrial mill activity in the area during the 19th century, but this came to an end near the end of the century, and only a mill pond remains. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. The historic district occupies a small plateau in the eastern part of the hilly town, extending along Plainfield Road between Buckland Road and Ashfield Road. The northern junction is the focal point of the village,


title: "United States dollar" content: money on the credit of the United States". Congress has exercised that power by authorizing Federal Reserve Banks to issue Federal Reserve Notes. Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank". Federal Reserve Notes are designated by law as "legal tender" for the payment of debts. Congress has also authorized the issuance of more than 10 other types of banknotes, including the United States Note and the Federal Reserve


title: "Tommy Bastow" content: March 2010, FranKo released their 10 track debut album 'Vote FranKo'. The first single off the album was "Night Time" released in September 2009. In July 2011 FranKo released their second album 'FranKo'. They played a tour supporting ROOM 94 (July 2011) and a tour with Dave Giles (October 2011). Tommy Bastow Thomas Derek "Tommy" Bastow (born 26 August 1991) is an English actor and musician from Epsom, Surrey. He is best known for playing the character Dave the Laugh in Paramount Pictures' "Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging", as Joe in the British Telecom (BT) adverts and as the lead


title: Storey content: the ground floor), 300 on the 2nd floor, and so on. In Portugal, the rule (official standard) is: These universal rules simplify finding an apartment in a building, particularly for blind people, who do not need to ask where a given apartment is. Storey A storey (British English) or story (American English) is any level part of a building with a floor that could be used by people (for living, work, storage, recreation). The plurals are "storeys" and "stories", respectively. The terms "floor", "level", or "deck" are used in a similar way, except that it is usual to talk of


title: "Woodberry-Quarrels House" content: Woodberry-Quarrels House The Woodberry-Quarrels House is a historic First Period house at 180 Bridge Street in Hamilton, Massachusetts. The oldest part of this 2.5 story, seven bay wood frame house is the central doorway and the rooms to its right, which were built c. 1690 along with a central chimney that was probably removed during Federal-period alterations. Later in the First Period rooms to the left of the entry were added, and there have been a series of alterations and additions since then. The First Period core of the house survived the major Federal-era changes, and the house retains much


title: "Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment" content: British Empire awards system. The two commanding officers, Mackesy and McCarroll, were invested as Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George, and as Companions of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). McCarroll also received a bar for the DSO to signify a second award. While Mackesy was also invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Two other men also received a DSO both majors, Herrold for the raid on the rail line at Amman and Ralph Wyman at Gallipoli. There were two civilian awards, of an Officer of the Order of the British Empire


title: "Tigridia pavonia" content: Tigridia pavonia Tigridia pavonia is the best-known species from the genus "Tigridia", in the Iridaceae family. Common names include jockey's cap lily, Mexican shellflower peacock flower, tiger iris, and tiger flower. The species is widespread across much of Mexico as well as Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. The species is also considered naturalized in Ecuador and Peru. It is very popular as an ornamental plant among lovers of interesting flowers. The blooms come in a variety of colours. They open early in the morning and are already closed around 5 P.M. when dusk begins to fall. Every day a different


title: "Tigridia pavonia" content: bloom is opened. The plants that are grown from seeds bloom in the first year after they are sowed. The roasted bulbs are edible and have been used by the American Indians and [Indigenous peoples of Mexico]. It has a chestnut-like flavour. "Aphis newtoni" can be found on "Iris bloudowii", "Iris latifolia", "Iris spuria" and "Tigridia pavonia". Tigridia pavonia Tigridia pavonia is the best-known species from the genus "Tigridia", in the Iridaceae family. Common names include jockey's cap lily, Mexican shellflower peacock flower, tiger iris, and tiger flower. The species is widespread across much of Mexico as well as Guatemala,


title: "Donnerbüchse" content: driving trailers (CPwif) for shuttle services headed by steam locomotives. They had a driver's cab fitted at one end, were given red livery and a luggage compartment. At the beginning of the 1960s the retirement of the "Donnerbüchsen" began; however many were converted to works coaches ("Bauzugwagen") and used as such. The Bundesbahn used the last coaches in passenger services at the end of the 1970s. These coaches are still working today on many museum railways. In Poland "Donnerbüchsen" were used in passenger train services until 1989. Donnerbüchse The German term Donnerbüchse (plural: "Donnerbüchsen", formerly Donnerwagen) means "thunderbox" and is


title: "In the Flesh (1998 film)" content: him by framing him with the murder of Mac, one of Oliver's best customers. Meyer poses as a mugger, who stabs Mac to death while he is getting money at an ATM. Oliver is with Mac at the time: he is driving Mac's car because Mac is intoxicated. Oliver, then, becomes a witness to the murder, noticing the curious luminous watch on the muffled mugger's wrist. In fear he drives away in Mac's car, but he realizes that he is in serious trouble. When Philip finds Oliver to talk with him, he warns him to go to the police so


title: "Dana Marton" content: Dana Marton Dana Marton is an American author of over fifty novels that have been translated into over a dozen languages and sold more than two million copies worldwide. A New York Times and USA Today bestselling author, Dana writes fast-paced stories about strong women and honorable men who fight side by side for justice and survival. Dana won the Daphne du Maurier award in 2005 for her fourth book, Camouflage Heart. In 2008, her book TALL, DARK AND LETHAL was nominated for the prestigious RITA Award. DEATHSCAPE reached the #1 spot on Amazon's Romantic Suspense Bestseller list in 2012.


title: "Eddie Heron" content: long illness, he died in St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, at the age of seventy-four. In July each year, swimmers compete for the Eddie Heron Cup in a race from Dún Laoghaire to Blackrock. This is organised by Heron's former club, Sandycove Swimming Club. A plaque in honour of Eddie Heron has been erected near the now-demolished Blackrock Baths where he competed for many years. Eddie Heron James Edward ("Eddie") Heron (28November 191023April 1985) was an Irish high diving and springboard diving champion. He won the British Diving Championship in 1932 and represented Ireland at the 1948 Olympic Games. Eddie Heron


title: "Samuel W. Thornton" content: business interests into the grocery business and utilities. He also stayed close with his fellow Civil War veterans, serving as post chaplain and speaking at the unveiling of the Civil War Soldiers’ Monument, Kearney, Nebraska, on October 25, 1910. Pictures of Samuel Thornton’s old homestead can be located at the Nebraska Historical Society, Lincoln, Nebraska. Samuel W. Thornton married Sarah Larimer on September 14, 1854, and had eight children: Eva, William, Charles, Mary Etta, Harry Lyle, Mabel, Kate, and Lillie. William would later serve as President, Board of Directors, Union Valley Telephone Company. Samuel later married Dallastine Hopkins. Samuel was


title: "Second Temple of Hera (Paestum)" content: Second Temple of Hera (Paestum) The Temple of Hera II (also erroneously called the Temple of Neptune or of Poseidon), is a Greek temple in Paestum, Campania, Italy. It was built in the Doric order around 460–450 BC, just north of the first Hera Temple. If still in use by the 4th-and 5th century, it would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. It has six columns along its shorter sides and fourteen columns along its longer sides. The columns do not have the typical 20 flutes on each column, but have 24 flutes.


title: "Second Temple of Hera (Paestum)" content: The Temple of Hera II also has a wider column size and smaller intervals between columns. The entasis, or curve, of its column’s give a stronger visual presence. This temple is aligned with a double peaked mountain considered to be sacred by the Greeks. The name Temple of Neptune is a misnomer from the 18th century, even though it was actually dedicated to the goddess Hera. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The temple was also used to worship Zeus and another deity, whose identity is unknown. There are visible on the east side the remains of


title: "Second Temple of Hera (Paestum)" content: two altars, one large and one smaller. The smaller one is a Roman addition, built when a road leading to a Roman forum was cut through the larger one. It also is possible that the temple originally was dedicated to both Hera and Poseidon; some offertory statues found around the larger altar are thought to demonstrate this identification. The Temple of Hera II resembles the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. With the other temples at Paestum it is one of the best preserved early Greek temples. Second Temple of Hera (Paestum) The Temple of Hera II (also erroneously called the


title: "Meetinghouse Common District" content: Historical Commission in 1967. At that time the prime objective of the commission was to officially register the Lynnfield, Massachusetts, Meeting House Common District in the National Register of Historic Places, and on November 21, 1976 it was finally granted. In addition to the Meeting House, fifteen nearby religious, civic, commercial and residential buildings and sites are included in the historic district. Meetinghouse Common District The Meetinghouse Common District is a historic district on Summer, South Common, and Main Streets in Lynnfield, Massachusetts surrounding the town common. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The


title: Sulili content: Sulili Sulili () was an early ruler of Assur. The Assyrian King List lists him as the twenty-seventh ruler of Assyria. He also appears within the Assyrian King List as the first out of the six kings “(whose names were written on?) bricks whose eponyms are (not known?)". Additionally, it is stated within the Assyrian King List that he was the successor of and “son of Aminu". Aminu had himself been the son of and successor of Ila-kabkabu, and Aminu and Ila-kabkabu were among the ten kings “who are ancestors". The section within the Assyrian King List “kings who are


title: "The Bulletin (Brussels weekly)" content: clients. The Bulletin (Brussels weekly) The Bulletin is an English-language quarterly magazine and website published in Brussels, Belgium. Founded in 1962, it is the oldest magazine in English in Belgium and remains one of the oldest English-language publications in Continental Europe. It claims a circulation of 10,000, mostly from the large expatriate community of the European Union's capital. Regular contributors in the past have included the author and one-time British Labour MP Dick Leonard, who wrote about Belgian politics, and John Palmer, formerly Europe Editor of "The Guardian" (London) and former Political Director of the European Policy Centre. ""From now


title: "Herbert Allsopp" content: played for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1877 and for Worcestershire County Cricket Club against MCC in 1880, but the matches were not given First Class status. Allsopp joined the 10th Royal Hussars as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1877 and served with them in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, 1878-80. He was present at the attack and capture of Ali Musjed and took part in the engagement at Futtehabad. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1881 and took part in the Nile Expedition of 1884. He was present at the engagements at El Teb and Temai and was promoted to captain


title: "Purple shore crab" content: Purple shore crab The purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus, is a common crab of the family Varunidae. It can be found sheltering under rocks in inter-tidal areas along the west coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California in Mexico. This crab primarily eats sea lettuce and other green algae, and occasionally scavenges dead animals. A small crab, "H. nudus" reaches sizes of approximately . Its dorsal shell (carapace) is generally a dark purple in color, although it may be olive green or red, with white or cream markings. The color of the legs matches the color of the


title: "Purple shore crab" content: carapace but the white-tipped claws (chelipeds) are a lighter color with purple or red spots – these spots allow "H. nudus" to be distinguished from a similar looking crab, the lined shore crab, "Pachygrapsus crassipes", whose chelipeds lack spots. The legs of "H. nudus" lack setae, a distinguishing feature of the otherwise similar "H. oregonensis". Purple shore crab The purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus, is a common crab of the family Varunidae. It can be found sheltering under rocks in inter-tidal areas along the west coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California in Mexico. This crab primarily eats


title: "Paul Simon (drummer)" content: Limited, touring England. In 1976 he was introduced to Ian North and the pair formed Radio, later Neo. Between early and mid 1977, while playing gigs with Neo, he joined Radio Stars, with former Radio's bandmate Martin Gordon, and recorded the ""Good Personality"" 7" single and some songs which were released in their Radio Stars "Somewhere There's A Place For Us" (1992); the time of his two bands were very full, dropping out from Radio Stars, who were preparing for a Japanese tour, while Neo had to do a gig at Marquee Club, being leal to North and his brother,


title: "Hemigrapsus oregonensis" content: Hemigrapsus oregonensis Hemigrapsus oregonensis is a small shore crab of the family Varunidae; it was formerly classified under the family Grapsidae. It is known under several common names, including "yellow shore crab", "hairy shore crab", "green shore crab", "mud-flat crab", and "Oregon shore crab". Despite its name, the body color of this crab can vary. Often, it has a light grey, green or yellow carapace with small blue/black spots and lighter colored legs with similar spots, but it may be red/brown with green spots. The legs with claws (chelipeds) are usually cream/white with no spots. This species typically lives in


title: "Hemigrapsus oregonensis" content: mud flats and can be found in large numbers in the San Francisco Bay, and coastal areas of Oregon and Washington states in the United States. Its diet primarily consists of diatoms and green algae, but it will occasionally eat meat. Although closely related, the adult "H. oregonensis" is smaller () than the purple shore crab, "H. nudus". It can be distinguished from "H. nudus" by observing the legs and claws – the legs of "H. oregonensis", but not "H. nudus", are covered in many hairs called setae, while the claws of "H. nudus", but not "H. oregonensis", are covered


title: "Hemigrapsus oregonensis" content: in purple or red spots. Hemigrapsus oregonensis Hemigrapsus oregonensis is a small shore crab of the family Varunidae; it was formerly classified under the family Grapsidae. It is known under several common names, including "yellow shore crab", "hairy shore crab", "green shore crab", "mud-flat crab", and "Oregon shore crab". Despite its name, the body color of this crab can vary. Often, it has a light grey, green or yellow carapace with small blue/black spots and lighter colored legs with similar spots, but it may be red/brown with green spots. The legs with claws (chelipeds) are usually cream/white with no spots.


title: Schnoor content: Schnoor Schnoor is a neighbourhood in the medieval centre of the German city of Bremen, and the only part of it that has preserved a medieval character. The neighbourhood owes its name to old handicrafts associated with shipping. The alleys between the houses were often associated with occupations or objects: There was an area in which ropes and cables were produced (string = "Schnoor") and a neighboring area, where wire cables and anchor chains were manufactured (wire = "Wieren"). In the Hanseatic city of Bremen, the Schnoor was one of the poorer corners. While the rich merchants settled in the


title: Schnoor content: Obernstraße (Upper Street), which was meant as well geographically (ridge of the dune) as socially, or in the Langenstraße (Long street, along the "Balge", Bremen's first harbour), the Schnoor developed in the 10th century as a district of fishermen. The inhabitants built thatched cottages on the little island between the rivers Weser and Balge. Therefore, during its first centuries it was liable to high floods. The first ferry service was established here, and the first bridge crossing the Weser was built around the year 1240. You can find an old wall and parts of a round tower which was erected


title: Schnoor content: around 1200, near the so-called "Marterburg". In the 13th century Franciscan friars had settled and their St. John's church was constructed in the following decades. Today the oldest houses date back to the 15th century. Most of them are from the 17th and 18th centuries. While other parts of Bremen developed with plots of about one square kilometre and merchant's villas, the plots in the Schnoor have areas which are just enough for a single houses on 55 square metres. The narrow streets were not suitable for the increase in traffic from the 19th century. The quarter became one of


title: Schnoor content: the poorest parts of Bremen, a situation that meant renovations were unaffordable. During the Second World War the Schnoor suffered only slight damage, so that owners of the houses had to pay a "Lastenausgleich" after 1945. But by the mid-1950s the houses were in a pitiable state. The Senate of the Free Hanseatic Town of Bremen decided in 1959 to rebuild the historic area of the Schnoor. House owners were invited to restore rundown buildings with financial support from the State of Bremen. This development was in contrast to the common practice in many towns and cities in Germany and


title: Schnoor content: Europe until the late 1970s. The situation changed with the "Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites" (1964) so that in 1973 the Schnoor became a historic district under official heritage conservation through the State Monument Authority. One of the most famous houses which has been preserved in its original state is the "Schifferhaus" in the street of "Stavendamm". Another historic building is the Landherrnamt (1856) which initially housed the authorities administering the State of Bremen. The Birgittenkloster (Convent of Saint Birgitta), a small Bridgettine convent founded in October 2002 is located in the Schnoor, as


title: Schnoor content: is St. John's Church, a listed building with a history going back to the 14th century. Schnoor Schnoor is a neighbourhood in the medieval centre of the German city of Bremen, and the only part of it that has preserved a medieval character. The neighbourhood owes its name to old handicrafts associated with shipping. The alleys between the houses were often associated with occupations or objects: There was an area in which ropes and cables were produced (string = "Schnoor") and a neighboring area, where wire cables and anchor chains were manufactured (wire = "Wieren"). In the Hanseatic city of


title: "Quaternary extinction event" content: the appearance of humans in an area and extinction there provides weight for this scenario. The megafaunal extinctions covered a vast period of time and highly variable climatic situations. The earliest extinctions in Australia were complete approximately 50,000 BP, well before the last glacial maximum and before rises in temperature. The most recent extinction in New Zealand was complete no earlier than 500 BP and during a period of cooling. In between these extremes megafaunal extinctions have occurred progressively in such places as North America, South America and Madagascar with no climatic commonality. The only common factor that can be


title: "Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR" content: renamed into the Buffer League (West, Center, and East). This reform also introduced what was planned to be a fourth level of professional competition allowing each republic to have its own professional league. That fourth level competition was named as the Second League, the former name of the Buffer League. The first nationwide football competitions in Ukraine were established in 1921 as inter-cities competition of the Ukrainian SSR. The city teams consisted of different players from various teams of a particular city. Until 1930 the competition took place in Kharkiv, in 1931 it was conducted in Kiev, and in 1932


title: "Pachygrapsus crassipes" content: Pachygrapsus crassipes Pachygrapsus crassipes, known as the striped shore crab or lined shore crab, is a small crab found on rocky and hard-mud shores of the west coast of North to Central America and in the western Pacific in Korea and Japan. In North America, its range spans from Vancouver Island to Baja California, Mexico. The Asiatic population appears to not be invasive but endemic, resulting from a divergence estimated between 0.8 and 1.2 Mya. Typically, this crab will have a brown/purple or black carapace with green stripes. Its carapace is square and can reach 4 to 5 cm in


title: "Pachygrapsus crassipes" content: size. The claws are red/purple with a mottled pattern on the upper surface, and white on the lower surface, while its legs are purple and green with a similar mottled appearance. Pachygrapsus crassipes Pachygrapsus crassipes, known as the striped shore crab or lined shore crab, is a small crab found on rocky and hard-mud shores of the west coast of North to Central America and in the western Pacific in Korea and Japan. In North America, its range spans from Vancouver Island to Baja California, Mexico. The Asiatic population appears to not be invasive but endemic, resulting from a divergence


title: "House at 197 Morrison Avenue" content: listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. House at 197 Morrison Avenue The House at 197 Morrison Avenue in Somerville, Massachusetts is the city's finest example of vernacular Gothic Revival architecture. The two story brick building was built c. 1860, and is now set well back from the street behind a later house. Its notable features include bargeboard decoration in the front gable, which also has a Gothic lancet window, and its elaborate front porch decorations. The house is unusual for its position set well back from the street, since it predates the major development that took


title: "Gustav A. Hedlund" content: died in 1993. He has over 200 academic descendants, many of them through two of his students at Virginia, Walter Gottschalk and W. Roy Utz, Jr. One of Hedlund's early results was an important theorem about the ergodicity of geodesic flows. He also made significant contributions to symbolic dynamics, whose origins as a field of modern mathematics can be traced to a 1944 paper of Hedlund, and to topological dynamics. The Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem, a topological characterization of cellular automata, is named after Hedlund. Hedlund first published this theorem in 1969, crediting Morton L. Curtis and Roger Lyndon as co-discoverers. Hedlund


title: "Sir Edward Seymour, 1st Baronet" content: of money. Despite his financial problems on 29 June 1611 he was created Baronet Seymour, of Berry Pomeroy, the patent for which cost him £1,095. At the age of 13 on 19 September 1576 he married Elizabeth Champernowne, having been betrothed to her for about ten years. She was a daughter of Sir Arthur Champernowne (died 1578) of Dartington, Devon, Vice-Admiral of the West under Queen Elizabeth I. By her Seymour had children including: He died in 1613 and was buried in Berry Pomeroy Church, where there survives a well-preserved monument to him, termed by Nikolaus Pevsner as "astonishingly naive".


title: "Joseph G. Pinten" content: after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his arrival in Superior, Bishop Pinten purchased a home for himself near the city center. When he learned that a local community of sisters was living in an overcrowded residence, he had his home remodeled and quietly turned it


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: El Cap de Barcelona El Cap de Barcelona (1991–1992) is a surrealist sculpture created by American Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Its English title is The Head of Barcelona. The sculpture was Lichtenstein's first outdoor work using ceramic tile. It is said to acknowledge Antoni Gaudí and Barcelona's affinity for mosaics. The sculpture stands tall on the waterfront in the heart of the city. Made out of concrete and ceramic, it is an abstract rendition of a woman's head and appears exactly how one would expect a Lichtenstein sculpture to be. Lichtenstein


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: did not start experimenting with three-dimensional art until the late 1970s, and prior to this his main focus was on pop art. He mainly painted on large canvases and his paintings resembled comic-strip art; his signature use of bold primary colors, thick dark lines, thought bubbles containing context and sound effects, and dots used as a method of shading, can be seen in most of his works from 1961 and later, starting with his painting "Look Mickey". Although it is very abstract, it is clear that the sculpture was made to resemble the head and face of a woman. It


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: is made up of thick pieces of concrete completely covered in red, yellow, blue, black and white mosaic tiles, and from far away it looks like it could be a painting. The woman's eyes look like thick blue and black brush strokes; same with her nose, and her lips look like Lichtenstein could have used a quick stroke of bright red paint. The left third of her face, the side with the blue nose and eye, is covered with white tiles, while the right two thirds of her face is covered in a grid of red dots, typical of Lichtenstein's


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: pop-art style. Lichtenstein added other artistic elements to this sculpture as well. Below her head, what would probably be considered the woman's neck, is a tall, flat stroke of blue and white that extends all the way up through her face and ends a few inches above her head. Perpendicular to the blue and white stroke is a stroke of yellow and black, beginning at the bottom and then reappearing at the top of her head. Similar to his sculptures from the early eighties, specifically his "Brushstrokes" pieces, the entire sculpture looks like it could have been painted with a


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: few quick strokes of paint. The difference between these earlier pieces and "The Head of Barcelona" is that his "Brushstrokes" pieces are created with painted aluminum while "The Head" is his only piece made out of concrete and covered in mosaic tiles. The reason for this difference in his sculptures is because "The Head of Barcelona" was built to resemble the style of Antoni Gaudi, a Catalan architect who is famous for employing organic lines and mosaic tiles throughout his architecture, and for which Barcelona is known. Braff, Phyllis. "Lichtenstein Sculpture: Full View." New York Times (Aug 16, 1992): 1-2.


title: "El Cap de Barcelona" content: Carroll, Colleen. "About the artist, Roy Lichtenstein." Arts & Activities 151, no. 1(Feb. 2012): 24. The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation, "Barcelona Head," accessed June 4, 2013, lichtensteinfoundation.org. The Roy Lichtenstein Foundation, "Roy Lichtenstein Chronology: the 1950's," accessed June 4, 2013, lichtensteinfoundation.org. "Lichtenstein Unveils a New Sculpture in Barcelona." New York Times (Jul 08, 1992). http://search.proquest.com/docview/428605067 El Cap de Barcelona El Cap de Barcelona (1991–1992) is a surrealist sculpture created by American Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Its English title is The Head of Barcelona. The sculpture was Lichtenstein's first outdoor work using ceramic


title: "Damon Ferrante" content: Damon Ferrante Damon Ferrante is an American composer whose works have been performed in concert halls and performance venues throughout North America, most notably, Carnegie Hall, Symphony Space, Guild Hall, and Theatre Project. His opera, "Jefferson & Poe", (with librettist Daniel Mark Epstein), received its premiere in 2005 at Symphony Space in Manhattan. His song cycle, "The Mountain & Tidewater Songs" (also on texts by Epstein), has been performed throughout the United States (including Carnegie Hall) since 2006. Tim Smith of the "Baltimore Sun" calls Ferrante's music "focused and colorful...with an unexpected, decidedly poetic touch". Geoffrey Himes of "Baltimore City


title: "S. E. Brackett House" content: S. E. Brackett House The S. E. Brackett House is a historic house at 63 Columbus Avenue in Somerville, Massachusetts, United States. Built about 1880, it is one of the city's most elaborate examples of Second Empire architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The S.E. Brackett House stands in a residential part of Somerville's Prospect Hill neighborhood, west of Prospect Hill Park on the north side of Columbus Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story wood-frame structure, with a mansard roof and clapboarded exterior. It is roughly square in shape, with a central projecting


title: "Lincoln Monument of Wabash, Indiana" content: LINCOLN WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL The back of the granite base is inscribed: ERECTED IN LOVING MEMORY OF HIS PARENTS ISAAC AND HENRIETTA NEW BY ALEXANDER NEW 1932 The Lincoln Monument of Hingham, Massachusetts The town of Hingham, Massachusetts, owns what appears to be an identical version of this sculpture. It is displayed on a granite base and carries the same inscription on the front as the Wabash Lincoln. It was dedicated to the citizens of Hingham on September 23, 1939. The Maquette of the Lincoln Monument A maquette of the sculpture is owned by President


title: "Ronald Chase" content: of the first Gay & Lesbian Pride Parade in San Francisco. Chase produced and directed two features in the 1970s. "Bruges-La-Morte", starring Richard Easton (and the film debuts of Nickolas Grace and Anthony Daniels), premiered at the Rotterdam Film Festival 1978 and was awarded the Critics Prize at the International Film Festival Ghent in 1980. "LULU", starring Paul Shenar and Elisa Leonelli and adapted from the play by Frank Wedekind, was screened at the Berlin International Film Festival, Filmex, and Rotterdam Film Festival, among others. It was chosen as one of the 3 best films of 1978 by Pariscope, but


title: "Baptist Society Meeting House" content: exterior. It is five bays wide and four deep, with a symmetrical front facade. At the center of the facade is a double entrance sheltered by a porch supported by square posts. Windows are sash on the first two floors, with smaller windows on the third floor. Arlington's Baptist Society was organized in 1780, and was the first group to split away from the town's dominant Congregational church. The congregation first met in a number of private places, including the Capt. Benjamin Locke House, until this building was constructed in 1790. The congregation is now housed in Arlington's First Baptist


title: "English people" content: are of Old Norse origin, and place names that end in "-thwaite" and "-by" are Scandinavian in origin. The English population was not politically unified until the 10th century. Before then, it consisted of a number of petty kingdoms which gradually coalesced into a Heptarchy of seven powerful states, the most powerful of which were Mercia and Wessex. The English nation state began to form when the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms united against Danish Viking invasions, which began around 800 AD. Over the following century and a half England was for the most part a politically unified entity, and remained permanently so


title: "Om (2003 film)" content: by Inspector Katkar. Om and Sandali had fallen in love when they met a few months before. However, Mr. Dhariwal didn't want this marriage because in his wife's will, the boy that Sandali marries will get her wealth and Dhariwal would be left penniless. The reason she had stipulated this is because she did not trust her husband's ability to control his gambling and habit of vice. Dhariwal murdered his wife but no one found out. So he waited for years until Sandali grew up and he started looking for a boy he could manipulate into giving him half of


title: "Frank Fitzpatrick" content: "Just Like You", a song and video collaboration with Middle Eastern rapper Rayess Bek broadcast as part of a United Nations sponsored peace initiative. Fitzpatrick has teamed up with other international leaders and organizations to create influential social projects like: A Prayer for Freedom - A collaboration with humanitarian photographer Lisa Kristine, for the Enslaved Exhibitions and End Slavery Campaign led by Pope Francis; Just Like You – a United Nations sponsored project bringing awareness to the growing handicapped population resulting from weapons of war in the Middle East; Be On Our Way– an awareness and fundraising campaign to help


title: "The Blueprint 3" content: "so certainly Jay-Z's weakest solo album, you'll be tempted to wonder if "Kingdom Come" was somehow underrated". Greg Kot of the "Los Angeles Times" gave the album two-and-a-half out of four stars and viewed Jay-Z's celebrity and older age as somewhat of a flaw, stating: "The Blueprint 3" was ranked the best album of the year by "Billboard", and seventh best album of the year by MTV. "Rolling Stone" named it the fourth best album of 2009 in its year-end list. The album debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 chart with first-week sales of 476,000 copies. It


title: "David Pendleton Oakerhater" content: David Pendleton Oakerhater (O-kuh-ha-tah/Making Medicine), the first Native American saint of the Episcopal Church, and Oneida Marcia Pierce Steele, teacher of both Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) cultural traditions and Christian beliefs. Grace Church’s celebration included a day-long cultural festival, followed by holy eucharist and a blessing of new memorial stained-glass windows. Roberta Whiteshield-Butler, great-granddaughter of O-kuh-ha-tah, created the drawings for the windows. Rose Viviano of Rose Colored Glass fabricated the windows which were installed in September 2004 and blessed by Bishop Adams at the April 2005 celebration. Saint O-kuh-ha-tah’s descendants travelled from Oklahoma and Texas to attend the celebration at Grace Episcopal


title: "Batman: Holy Terror" content: a random mugging, all those years ago. Batman: Holy Terror Batman: Holy Terror is an Elseworlds one-shot comic published by DC Comics in 1991. The story is written by Alan Brennert and illustrated by Norm Breyfogle. The graphic novel is significant in that it was the first to bear the Elseworlds logo. In an alternate timeline where Oliver Cromwell lived ten years longer than he did in our world, the United States of America is a commonwealth nation run by a corrupt theocratic government. Twenty-two years after the death of his parents, Bruce Wayne is planning to join the clergy


title: "Andrew Hansen" content: for host Steven O'Donnell, again in 2011 filling in for host Stephanie Bendixsen and 2012 filling in for O'Donnell. He also made an appearance as a special guest in "Good Game" 10th year birthday special in 2016. In 2009, he made guest appearances on Network Ten's "Rove" and "Good News Week". He appeared again on "Good News Week" in 2010, this time with Chris Taylor, in the guise of characters from their radio show "The Blow Parade". The same year, he was a guest on "Top Gear Australia", where he drove deliberately slowly around the celebrity track for humorous effect.


title: "Don't Forget" content: on the US "Billboard" 200, selling 89,000 copies in its first week of release. The following week, the album descended to number 16. It spent a total of 45 weeks on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States. In Canada, the album debuted at number nine on the Canadian Albums Chart on October 11, 2008, and spent two weeks on the chart. On April 26, 2009, "Don't Forget" entered the Spanish Albums Chart at number 13. The album spent a


title: "Chand Baori" content: Chand Baori Chand Baori is a stepwell situated in the village of Abhaneri in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Abhaneri is a village in the Dausa district of Rajasthan state in India. It is situated at a distance of 95 km from Jaipur, on the Jaipur-Agra road. Abhaneri was originally named Abha Nagri, which means "city of brightness," but due to mispronunciation, the name was changed. The city is now in ruins, but it attracts tourists from across the globe. It is located opposite Harshat Mata Temple and was constructed in AD 800. Chand Baori consists of 3,500 narrow steps


title: "Chand Baori" content: over 13 stories. It extends approximately 30 m (100 ft) into the ground making it one of the deepest and largest stepwells in India. Chand Baori is one of the oldest and most attractive landmarks in Rajasthan. It was built by King Chanda of the Nikumbh dynasty between 800 CE and 900 CE, and was dedicated to Hashat Mata, Goddess of Joy and Happiness upon completion. The state of Rajasthan is extremely arid, and the design and final structure of Chand Baori was intended to conserve as much water as possible. At the bottom of the well, the air remains


title: "Chand Baori" content: 5-6 degrees cooler than at the surface, and Chand Baori was used as a community gathering place for locals during periods of intense heat. One side of the well has a pavilion and resting room for the royals. Chand Baori has been used as a filming location for a number of films such as "Bhoomi", "The Fall", "Bhool Bhulaiyaa", and "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel". It was also the inspiration for the "The Pit" prison used in "The Dark Knight Rises". Though often incorrectly rumored to be filmed on site at Chand Baori, it was actually a set constructed at


title: "Chand Baori" content: Cardington, UK. Chand Baori Chand Baori is a stepwell situated in the village of Abhaneri in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Abhaneri is a village in the Dausa district of Rajasthan state in India. It is situated at a distance of 95 km from Jaipur, on the Jaipur-Agra road. Abhaneri was originally named Abha Nagri, which means "city of brightness," but due to mispronunciation, the name was changed. The city is now in ruins, but it attracts tourists from across the globe. It is located opposite Harshat Mata Temple and was constructed in AD 800. Chand Baori consists of 3,500


title: Oojah content: it was part of the 'Oojah Books' series which included a tracing book 'Baby Binky's Birthday' which did not feature Oojah. The first proper annual was 'The Oojah Annual', issued in 1922 as the undated 1923 annual. This features an advert for the 1923 Joy Book on the back so it could be dated correctly. The undated 1924 Annual features a Portcullis with the cat Snooker with a coffee pot on his head. The undated 1925 Annual features a baby bear being spoonfed. The undated 1926 Annual features Oojah sitting on a stile wearing a hat. Further annuals and books


title: "Shelley M. Shier" content: ground breaking interior and exterior art installations worldwide. The Toronto Marriott Markham Hotel is her latest project, and features an extensive collection of public art. Shier continues to work closely with a number of visual artists and has been instrumental in arranging exhibitions for them in New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Dallas, Toronto and Oslo. When not developing large-scale art projects, photography exhibits, musical, theatrical and film productions, or integrating new artistic properties, Shier devotes much of her time to charitable causes, including special events for Save The Children, The Jazz Gallery and The Jazz


title: "War of the Bands" content: to the Asturias, inciting a rebellion. The Biscayans were defeated at Erandio with the loss of sixty men and the wheat transfers continued. In 1442 the "hermandades" interfered successfully in Bilbao and Mondragón, but the peace established did not endure. In 1457 the war between the Gamboinos and the Oñaz was brought to an abrupt end when the "hermandades" rebelled against them both, seized their manors, and expelled their leaders from Guipúzcoa. War of the Bands The War of the Bands (, ) was a civil war, really an extended series of blood feuds, in the western Basque Country, Gascony,


title: "Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar" content: friends and other family members accompanying on the visit may also be requested to sign as witnesses. Starting around 1977, Hindu genealogy records were microfilmed, and later housed at the Genealogical Society of Utah (GSU), USA since 1981, other places in these records having records of Hindu families are Kurukshetra, Pehowa, Chintpurni, Jawalapur in Haridwar, and Jawalamukhi The Genealogical Society of Utah currently restricts online access to the Hindu genealogy records to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and others. Some notable places where Shraadhs are performed for the Pitrs are noted below. At


title: "Flag and coat of arms of Negeri Sembilan" content: the Yang di-Pertuan Besar as the royal standard to date. Prior to 1942, the British Resident of Negeri Sembilan was also assigned the same flag, with the exception it is forked at the fly. Certain districts (luak) in Negeri Sembilan have their own flag for ceremonial uses during Adat Perpatih events. They are hardly seen in daily government administrative functions. The Negeri Sembilan coat of arms and state emblem is based on Western heraldry, but consists of only two heraldic elements: The shield (escutcheon) and crest or helm; the motto of the Negeri Sembilan arms, normally included on the bottom


title: NRW.INVEST content: offers foreign investors an extensive service through all stages of the investment. In these concerns NRW.INVEST cooperates closely with the Federal State government and the regional institutions for economic development in NRW. NRW.INVEST is set up in specialized country and industry teams that are experienced in all aspects of the location business. The teams located at NRW.INVEST’s headquarters in Düsseldorf, the capital of NRW, and the teams on site at the representative offices and subsidiaries provide comprehensive information about NRW as an investment location, describe important aspects of the state's economic structure and industry clusters, and give answers to tax-related


title: "Kellen Briggs" content: and was co-recipient of the John Mariucci team MVP award. Briggs' senior year at the University of Minnesota, he served as alternate team captain. He was the first goaltender since 1973 to receive that honor. He helped the Golden Gophers win the McNaughton Cup and the Broadmoor Trophy in 2007. He also holds the school record for most wins in a career (84), and most shutouts in a career (13). In October 2007, Briggs played in his first professional game with the Idaho Steelheads. He was picked to play in the 2007 National Conference All-Star game in the ECHL, and


title: "Edmund Dwight House" content: Dwights was subdivided c. 1940, leaving the house on just . The house's stable was then converted to a residence, and stands on an adjacent lot in Arlington. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. Edmund Dwight House The Edmund Dwight House is a historic house at 5 Cambridge Street in Winchester, Massachusetts, straddling the town line with Arlington. It was built in 1858 in an Italianate style. It was one of the first and grandest country houses built in Winchester at a time when Boston businessmen were seeking to build such houses. Edmund


title: "Straight edge" content: the wider punk scene. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America. By the beginning of the 2000s, militant straight edge punks had largely left the broader straight edge culture and movement. In the 1970s, the punk subculture was associated with the use of intoxicative inhalants, substances such as model airplane glue that were inhaled for the intoxicating effect. In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that straight edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s. Later analysts have identified another era


title: "Straight edge" content: the early stages of straight edge, the philosophy was to rebel through self-control. With the ability to control one’s actions would better suit them to stand up against the mainstream. The first wave of straight edge did not impose rules on others, rather participants chose to follow the ways of self-control. With the second wave of straight edge these rules were used to control others. In addition the second wave experienced a change in music style. Where the first wave was influenced by hardcore punk, the second brought in aspects of heavy metal which further pushed for power and control


title: "History of attachment theory" content: There was limited empirical data at the time and no comprehensive theory to account for such a conclusion. Following the publication of "Maternal Care and Mental Health", Bowlby sought new understanding from such fields as evolutionary biology, ethology, developmental psychology, cognitive science and control systems theory and drew upon them to formulate the innovative proposition that the mechanisms underlying an infants tie emerged as a result of evolutionary pressure. He realised that he had to develop a new theory of motivation and behaviour control, built on up-to-date science rather than the outdated psychic energy model espoused by Freud. Bowlby expressed


title: "BEL Battle Field Surveillance Radar" content: classification, with output Doppler return being channelled to the operator through headphones for the Doppler audio. The radar operates on two rechargeable 24 V batteries, which are carried separately by the soldiers. They can also be operated from AC supply. The batteries are usually suspended from the tripod to provide extra stability to the radar, although they can be kept separately. The radar array consists of J-band Transmit, receive and processing modules within the single array block. The signal processor is a single on-board FPGA-based chip, which has been tailored for very low power consumption. The antenna array is made


title: Narcolepsy content: return the function of the GABA system to normal in patients with primary hypersomnias. Investigators therefore treated a few patients with off-label clarithromycin, and most felt their symptoms improved with this treatment. In order to help further determine whether clarithromycin is truly beneficial for the treatment of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, a small, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was completed in 2012. "In this pilot study, clarithromycin improved subjective sleepiness in GABA-related hypersomnia. Larger trials of longer duration are warranted." In 2013, a retrospective review evaluating longer-term clarithromycin use showed efficacy in a large percentage of patients with GABA-related hypersomnia.


title: "Relentless Software" content: SCEE that they could set up a company and complete the DJ project for them. Much to their shock, SCEE agreed and Relentless was set up just 36 hours after their meeting with SCEE. The company name arose from Amor & Eades ambition to develop video games in a different way to the perceived norms of the industry. They wanted development to be a steady flow of work rather than the more normal cycle of a slow start leading to a project ending with long "crunch" periods. They typed "unstoppable" into an online thesaurus and of the synonyms returned they


title: "Bulgarians in Romania" content: is of Latinized South Slavic origin, although much of it was replaced by Romance and Classical Latin loanwords in the 19th century. As the Second Bulgarian Empire fell under full-scale Ottoman rule in the 14th-15th century whereas the lands north of the Danube were still contested between the Europeans and the Ottomans and then came under Ottoman suzerainty, but retained their internal autonomy, many Bulgarian fled the Ottoman occupation in various periods and settled in what is today Romania. These included both Bulgarian Orthodox and some Roman Catholics (either former Paulicians from the central Bulgarian north or from Chiprovtsi in


title: Subb content: short hiatus in early 2003, the band started working on new songs and kept on doing so for the next 2 years. In April 2006, the band's latest album "The Motions" came out. Their 4th full-length album was recorded at Piccolo studios in Montreal (The Sainte Catherines, Voivod, Simple Plan, etc.) and produced by Frank Joly. With the release of "The Motions", Subb is set to raise the bar a lot bit higher, mixing their distinctive brand of melodic punk rock with reggae, ska and even a little hardcore. Phenomenal production and insightful songwriting round out what will prove to


title: "History of Basilan" content: and the 54th Japanese IMB was forced to pull out a week later, harried by the Philippine Commonwealth troops & guerrilla units, retreating through the peninsula and into the jungle. After some time, mopping up operations resulted in 220 Americans and 460 Filipinos killed compared with 6,400 Japanese dead. Alongside the Zamboanga operation, smaller units of the combined soldiers of the Philippine Commonwealth Army's 6th, 101st and 102nd Division and the U.S. Army's 41st Division invaded the Sulu Archipelago, a long stretch of islands reaching from the Zamboanga Peninsula to North Borneo. Rapidly taken in succession were Basilan, Malamawi, Tawi-Tawi,


title: "History of Basilan" content: the Visayas and Luzon, Basilan experienced, for the very first time, a net outflow of people. On December 27, 1973, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 356, converting the City of Basilan into the Province of Basilan "to provide the close government attention and for the purpose of spurring its growth". The first appointed Provincial Officials took their oath of office on March 7, 1974, making this day the official Founding Anniversary of the province. Another Presidential Decree numbered 593 dated December 2, 1974, amended P.D. 356. The law not only defines the City's territory but also provided that the


title: "Biblical archaeology school" content: was William F. Albright. An American with roots in the American Evangelical tradition (his parents were Methodist missionaries in Chile), Director of the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR), (now the W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research) through the 1920s and 1930s, editor of ASOR's "Bulletin" until 1968, and author of over a thousand books and articles, Albright drew biblical archaeology into the contemporary debates over the origins and reliability of the Bible. In the early decades of the 20th century this debate was dominated by the documentary hypothesis. This explained the Bible as the composite product of authors


title: Thoroughbred content: Thoroughbred The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word "thoroughbred" is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are considered "hot-blooded" horses that are known for their agility, speed, and spirit. The Thoroughbred as it is known today was developed in 17th- and 18th-century England, when native mares were crossbred with imported Oriental stallions of Arabian, Barb, and Turkoman breeding. All modern Thoroughbreds can trace their pedigrees to three stallions originally imported into England in the 17th century and


title: Thoroughbred content: 18th century and to a larger number of foundation mares of mostly English breeding. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Thoroughbred breed spread throughout the world; they were imported into North America starting in 1730 and into Australia, Europe, Japan and South America during the 19th century. Millions of Thoroughbreds exist today, and around 100,000 foals are registered each year worldwide. Thoroughbreds are used mainly for racing, but are also bred for other riding disciplines such as show jumping, combined training, dressage, polo, and fox hunting. They are also commonly crossbred to create new breeds or to improve existing


title: Thoroughbred content: ones, and have been influential in the creation of the Quarter Horse, Standardbred, Anglo-Arabian, and various warmblood breeds. Thoroughbred racehorses perform with maximum exertion, which has resulted in high accident rates and health problems such as bleeding from the lungs. Other health concerns include low fertility, abnormally small hearts and a small hoof-to-body-mass ratio. There are several theories for the reasons behind the prevalence of accidents and health problems in the Thoroughbred breed, and research is ongoing. The typical Thoroughbred ranges from high, averaging . They are most often bay, dark bay or brown, chestnut, black, or gray. Less common


title: Thoroughbred content: colors recognized in the United States include roan and palomino. White is very rare, but is a recognized color separate from gray. The face and lower legs may be marked with white, but white will generally not appear on the body. Coat patterns that have more than one color on the body, such as Pinto or Appaloosa, are not recognized by mainstream breed registries. Good-quality Thoroughbreds have a well-chiseled head on a long neck, high withers, a deep chest, a short back, good depth of hindquarters, a lean body, and long legs. Thoroughbreds are classified among the "hot-blooded" breeds, which


title: Thoroughbred content: are animals bred for agility and speed and are generally considered spirited and bold. Thoroughbreds born in the Northern Hemisphere are officially considered a year older on the first of January each year; those born in the Southern Hemisphere officially are one year older on the first of August. These artificial dates have been set to enable the standardization of races and other competitions for horses in certain age groups. The Thoroughbred is a distinct breed of horse, although people sometimes refer to a purebred horse of any breed as a "thoroughbred". The term for any horse or other animal


title: Thoroughbred content: derived from a single breed line is "purebred". While the term probably came into general use because the English Thoroughbred's General Stud Book was one of the first breed registries created, in modern usage horse breeders consider it incorrect to refer to any animal as a "thoroughbred" except for horses belonging to the Thoroughbred breed. Nonetheless, breeders of other species of purebred animals may use the two terms interchangeably, though "thoroughbred" is less often used for describing purebred animals of other species. The term is a proper noun referring to this specific breed, though often not capitalized, especially in non-specialist


title: Thoroughbred content: publications, and outside the US. For example, the Australian Stud Book, "The New York Times", and the BBC do not capitalize the word. Flat racing existed in England by at least 1174, when four-mile races took place at Smithfield, in London. Racing continued at fairs and markets throughout the Middle Ages and into the reign of King James I of England. It was then that handicapping, a system of adding weight to attempt to equalize a horse's chances of winning as well as improved training procedures, began to be used. During the reigns of Charles II, William III, Anne, and


title: Thoroughbred content: George I, the foundation of the Thoroughbred was laid. The term "thro-bred" to describe horses was first used in 1713. Under Charles II, a keen racegoer and owner, and Anne, royal support was given to racing and the breeding of race horses. With royal support, horse racing became popular with the public, and by 1727, a newspaper devoted to racing, the "Racing Calendar", was founded. Devoted exclusively to the sport, it recorded race results and advertised upcoming meets. All modern Thoroughbreds trace back to three stallions imported into England from the Middle East in the late 17th and early 18th


title: Thoroughbred content: centuries: the Byerley Turk (1680s), the Darley Arabian (1704), and the Godolphin Arabian (1729). Other stallions of oriental breeding were less influential, but still made noteworthy contributions to the breed. These included the Alcock's Arabian, D'Arcy's White Turk, Leedes Arabian, and Curwen's Bay Barb. Another was the Brownlow Turk, who, among other attributes, is thought to be largely responsible for the gray coat color in Thoroughbreds. In all, about 160 stallions of Oriental breeding have been traced in the historical record as contributing to the creation of the Thoroughbred. The addition of horses of Eastern bloodlines, whether Arabian, Barb, or


title: Thoroughbred content: Turk, to the native English mares ultimately led to the creation of the General Stud Book (GSB) in 1791 and the practice of official registration of horses. According to Peter Willett, about 50% of the foundation stallions appear to have been of Arabian bloodlines, with the remainder being evenly divided between Turkoman and Barb breeding. Each of the three major foundation sires was, coincidentally, the ancestor of a grandson or great-great-grandson who was the only male descendant to perpetuate each respective horse's male line: Matchem was the only descendant of his grandsire, the Godolphin Arabian, to maintain a male line


title: Thoroughbred content: to the present; the Byerley Turk's male line was preserved by Herod (or King Herod), a great-great-grandson; and the male line of the Darley Arabian owes its existence to great-great-grandson Eclipse, who was the dominant racehorse of his day and never defeated. One genetic study indicates that 95% of all male Thoroughbreds trace their direct male line (via the Y chromosome) to the Darley Arabian. However, in modern Thoroughbred pedigrees, most horses have more crosses to the Godolphin Arabian (13.8%) than to the Darley Arabian (6.5%) when all lines of descent (maternal and paternal) are considered. Further, as a percentage


title: Thoroughbred content: of contributions to current Thoroughbred bloodlines, Curwen's Bay Barb (4.2%) appears more often than the Byerley Turk (3.3%). The majority of modern Thoroughbreds alive today trace to a total of only 27 or 28 stallions from the 18th and 19th centuries. The mares used as foundation breeding stock came from a variety of breeds, some of which, such as the Irish Hobby, had developed in northern Europe prior to the 13th century. Other mares were of oriental breeding, including Barb, Turk and other bloodlines, although most researchers conclude that the number of Eastern mares imported into England during the 100


title: Thoroughbred content: years after 1660 was small. The 19th-century researcher Bruce Lowe identified 50 mare "families" in the Thoroughbred breed, later augmented by other researchers to 74. However, it is probable that fewer genetically unique mare lines existed than Lowe identified. Recent studies of the mtDNA of Thoroughbred mares indicate that some of the mare lines thought to be genetically distinct may actually have had a common ancestor; in 19 mare lines studied, the haplotypes revealed that they traced to only 15 unique foundation mares, suggesting either a common ancestor for foundation mares thought to be unrelated or recording errors in the


title: Thoroughbred content: GSB. By the end of the 18th century, the English Classic races had been established. These are the St. Leger Stakes, founded in 1776, The Oaks, founded in 1779, and The Derby in 1780. Later, the 2,000 Guineas Stakes and the 1,000 Guineas Stakes were founded in 1809 and 1814. The 1,000 Guineas and the Oaks are restricted to fillies, but the others are open to racehorses of either sex aged three years. The distances of these races, ranging from to , led to a change in breeding practices, as breeders concentrated on producing horses that could race at a


title: Thoroughbred content: younger age than in the past and that had more speed. In the early 18th century, the emphasis had been on longer races, up to , that were run in multiple heats. The older style of race favored older horses, but with the change in distances, younger horses became preferred. Selective breeding for speed and racing ability led to improvements in the size of horses and winning times by the middle of the 19th century. Bay Middleton, a winner of the Epsom Derby, stood over 16 hands high, a full hand higher than the Darley Arabian. Winning times had improved


title: Thoroughbred content: to such a degree that many felt further improvement by adding additional Arabian bloodlines was impossible. This was borne out in 1885, when a race was held between a Thoroughbred, Iambic, considered a mid-grade runner, and the best Arabian of the time, Asil. The race was over , and although Iambic was handicapped by carrying more than Asil, he still managed to beat Asil by 20 lengths. An aspect of the modern British breeding establishment is that they breed not only for flat racing, but also for steeplechasing. Up until the end of the 19th century, Thoroughbreds were bred not


title: Thoroughbred content: only for racing but also as saddle horses. Soon after the start of the 20th century, fears that the English races would be overrun with American-bred Thoroughbreds because of the closing of US racetracks in the early 1910s, led to the Jersey Act of 1913. It prohibited the registration of any horse in the General Stud Book (GSB) if they could not show that every ancestor traced to the GSB. This excluded most American-bred horses, because the 100-year gap between the founding of the GSB and the American Stud Book meant that most American-bred horses possessed at least one or


title: Thoroughbred content: two crosses to horses not registered in the GSB. The act was not repealed until 1949, after which a horse was only required to show that all its ancestors to the ninth generation were registered in a recognized Stud Book. Many felt that the Jersey Act hampered the development of the British Thoroughbred by preventing breeders in the United Kingdom from using new bloodlines developed outside the British Isles. The first Thoroughbred horse in the American Colonies was Bulle Rock, imported in 1730. Maryland and Virginia were the centers of Colonial Thoroughbred breeding, along with South Carolina and New York.


title: Thoroughbred content: During the American Revolution importations of horses from England practically stopped but were restarted after the signing of a peace treaty. Two important stallions were imported around the time of the Revolution; Messenger in 1788 and Diomed before that. Messenger left little impact on the American Thoroughbred, but is considered a foundation sire of the Standardbred breed. Diomed, who won the Derby Stakes in 1780, had a significant impact on American Thoroughbred breeding, mainly through his son Sir Archy. John F. Wall, a racing historian, said that Sir Archy was the "first outstanding stallion we can claim as native American."


title: Thoroughbred content: He was retired from the racetrack because of lack of opponents. After the American Revolution, the center of Thoroughbred breeding and racing in the United States moved west. Kentucky and Tennessee became notable centers. Andrew Jackson, later President of the United States, was a breeder and racer of Thoroughbreds in Tennessee. Famous match races held in the early 19th century helped popularize horse racing in the United States. One took place in 1823, in Long Island, New York, between Sir Henry and American Eclipse. Another was a match race between Boston and Fashion in 1838 that featured bets of $20,000


title: Thoroughbred content: from each side. The last major match races before the American Civil War were both between Lexington and Lecompte. The first was held in 1854 in New Orleans and was won by Lecompte. Lexington's owner then challenged Lecompte's owner to a rematch, held in 1855 in New Orleans and won by Lexington. Both of these horses were sons of Boston, a descendant of Sir Archy. Lexington went on to a career as a breeding stallion, and led the sires list of number of winners for sixteen years, fourteen of them in a row. After the American Civil War, the emphasis


title: Thoroughbred content: in American racing changed from the older style of four-mile (6 km) races in which the horses ran in at least two heats. The new style of racing involved shorter races not run in heats, over distances from five furlongs up to . This development meant a change in breeding practices, as well as the age that horses were raced, with younger horses and sprinters coming to the fore. It was also after the Civil War that the American Thoroughbred returned to England to race. Iroquois became the first American-bred winner of the Epsom Derby in 1881. The success of


title: Thoroughbred content: American-bred Thoroughbreds in England led to the Jersey Act in 1913, which limited the importation of American Thoroughbreds into England. After World War I, the breeders in America continued to emphasize speed and early racing age but also imported horses from England, and this trend continued past World War II. After World War II, Thoroughbred breeding remained centered in Kentucky, but California, New York, and Florida also emerged as important racing and breeding centers. Thoroughbreds in the United States have historically been used not only for racing but also to improve other breeds. The early import Messenger was the foundation


title: Thoroughbred content: of the Standardbred, and Thoroughbred blood was also instrumental in the development of the American Quarter Horse. The foundation stallion of the Morgan breed is held by some to have been sired by a Thoroughbred. Between World War I and World War II, the U.S. Army used Thoroughbred stallions as part of their Remount Service, which was designed to improve the stock of cavalry mounts. Thoroughbreds began to be imported to France in 1817 and 1818 with the importation of a number of stallions from England, but initially the sport of horse racing did not prosper in France. The first


title: Thoroughbred content: Jockey Club in France was not formed until 1833, and in 1834 the racing and regulation functions were split off to a new society, the "Societe d'Encouragement pour l'Amelioration des Races de Chevaux en France", better known as the Jockey-Club de Paris. The "French Stud Book" was founded at the same time by the government. By 1876, French-bred Thoroughbreds were regularly winning races in England, and in that year a French breeder-owner earned the most money in England on the track. World War I almost destroyed French breeding because of war damage and lack of races. After the war, the


title: Thoroughbred content: premier French race, the Grand Prix, resumed and continues to this day. During World War II, French Thoroughbred breeding did not suffer as it had during the first World War, and thus was able to compete on an equal footing with other countries after the war. Organized racing in Italy started in 1837, when race meets were established in Florence and Naples and a meet in Milan was founded in 1842. Modern flat racing came to Rome in 1868. Later importations, including the Derby Stakes winners Ellington (1856) and Melton (1885), came to Italy before the end of the 19th


title: Thoroughbred content: century. Modern Thoroughbred breeding in Italy is mostly associated with the breeding program of Federico Tesio, who started his breeding program in 1898. Tesio was the breeder of Nearco, one of the dominant sires of Thoroughbreds in the later part of the 20th century. Other countries in Europe have Thoroughbred breeding programs, including Germany, Russia, Poland, and Hungary. Horses arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788 along with the earliest colonists. Although horses of part-Thoroughbred blood were imported into Australia during the late 18th century, it is thought that the first pureblood Thoroughbred was a stallion named Northumberland


title: Thoroughbred content: who was imported from England in 1802 as a coach horse sire. By 1810, the first formal race meets were organized in Sydney, and by 1825 the first mare of proven Thoroughbred bloodlines arrived to join the Thoroughbred stallions already there. In 1825, the Sydney Turf Club, the first true racing club in Australia, was formed. Throughout the 1830s, the Australian colonies began to import Thoroughbreds, almost exclusively for racing purposes, and to improve the local stock. Each colony formed its own racing clubs and held its own races. Gradually, the individual clubs were integrated into one overarching organization, now


title: Thoroughbred content: known as the Australian Racing Board. Thoroughbreds from Australia were imported into New Zealand in the 1840s and 1850s, with the first direct importation from England occurring in 1862. Thoroughbreds have been exported to many other areas of the world since the breed was created. Oriental horses were imported into South Africa from the late 17th century in order to improve the local stock through crossbreeding. Horse racing was established there in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and Thoroughbreds were imported in increasing numbers. The first Thoroughbred stallions arrived in Argentina in 1853, but the first mares did


title: Thoroughbred content: not arrive until 1865. The Argentine Stud Book was first published in 1893. Thoroughbreds were imported into Japan from 1895, although it was not until after World War II that Japan began a serious breeding and racing business involving Thoroughbreds. The number of Thoroughbred foals registered each year in North America varies greatly, chiefly linked to the success of the auction market which in turn depends on the state of the economy. The foal crop was over 44,000 in 1990, but declined to roughly 22,500 by 2014. The largest numbers are registered in the states of Kentucky, Florida and California.


title: Thoroughbred content: Australia is the second largest producer of Thoroughbreds in the world with almost 30,000 broodmares producing about 18,250 foals annually. Britain produces about 5,000 foals a year, and worldwide, there are more than 195,000 active broodmares, or females being used for breeding, and 118,000 newly registered foals in 2006 alone. The Thoroughbred industry is a large agribusiness, generating around $34 billion in revenue annually in the United States and providing about 470,000 jobs through a network of farms, training centers and race tracks. Unlike a significant number of registered breeds today, a horse cannot be registered as a Thoroughbred (with


title: Thoroughbred content: The Jockey Club registry) unless conceived by "live cover", the witnessed natural mating of a mare and a stallion. Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET), though commonly used and allowable in many other horse breed registries, cannot be used with Thoroughbreds. One reason is that a greater possibility of error exists in assigning parentage with AI, and although DNA and blood testing eliminate many of those concerns, AI still requires more detailed record keeping. The main reason, however, may be economic; a stallion has a limited number of mares who can be serviced by live cover. Thus the practice


title: Thoroughbred content: prevents an oversupply of Thoroughbreds, although modern management still allows a stallion to live cover more mares in a season than was once thought possible. As an example, in 2008, the Australian stallion Encosta De Lago covered 227 mares. By allowing a stallion to cover only a couple of hundred mares a year rather than the couple of thousand possible with AI, it also preserves the high prices paid for horses of the finest or most popular lineages. Concern exists that the closed stud book and tightly regulated population of the Thoroughbred is at risk of loss of genetic diversity


title: Thoroughbred content: because of the level of inadvertent inbreeding inevitable in such a small population. According to one study, 78% of alleles in the current population can be traced to 30 foundation animals, 27 of which are male. Ten foundation mares account for 72% of maternal (tail-female) lineages, and, as noted above, one stallion appears in 95% of tail male lineages. Thoroughbred pedigrees are generally traced through the maternal line, called the "distaff" line. The line that a horse comes from is a critical factor in determining the price for a young horse. Prices of Thoroughbreds vary greatly, depending on age, pedigree,


title: Thoroughbred content: conformation, and other market factors. In 2007, Keeneland Sales, a United States-based sales company, sold 9,124 horses at auction, with a total value of $814,401,000, which gives an average price of $89,259. As a whole for the United States in 2007, The Jockey Club auction statistics indicated that the average weanling sold for $44,407, the average yearling sold for $55,300, average sale price for two-year-olds was $61,843, broodmares averaged $70,150, and horses over two and broodmare prospects sold for an average of $53,243. For Europe, the July 2007 Tattersall's Sale sold 593 horses at auction, with a total for the


title: Thoroughbred content: sale of 10,951,300 guineas, for an average of 18,468 guineas. Also in 2007, Doncaster Bloodstock Sales, another British sales firm, sold 2,248 horses for a total value of 43,033,881 guineas, making an average of 15,110 guineas per horse. Australian prices at auction during the 2007-2008 racing and breeding season were as follows: 1,223 Australian weanlings sold for a total of $31,352,000, an average of $25,635 each. Four thousand, nine hundred and three yearlings sold for a total value of A$372,003,961, an average of A$75,853. Five hundred two-year-olds sold for A$13,030,150, an average of A$26,060, and 2,118 broodmares totalled A$107,720,775, an


title: Thoroughbred content: average of A$50,860. Averages, however, can be deceiving. For example, at the 2007 Fall Yearling sale at Keeneland, 3,799 young horses sold for a total of $385,018,600, for an average of $101,347 per horse. However, that average sales price reflected a variation that included at least 19 horses that sold for only $1,000 each and 34 that sold for over $1,000,000 apiece. The highest price paid at auction for a Thoroughbred was set in 2006 at $16,000,000 for a two-year-old colt named The Green Monkey. Record prices at auction often grab headlines, though they do not necessarily reflect the animal's


title: Thoroughbred content: future success; in the case of The Green Monkey, injuries limited him to only three career starts before being retired to stud in 2008, and he never won a race. Conversely, even a highly successful Thoroughbred may be sold by the pound for a few hundred dollars to become horsemeat. The best-known example of this was the 1986 Kentucky Derby winner Ferdinand, exported to Japan to stand at stud, but was ultimately slaughtered in 2002, presumably for pet food. However, the value of a Thoroughbred may also be influenced by the purse money it wins. In 2007, Thoroughbred racehorses earned


title: Thoroughbred content: a total of $1,217,854,602 in all placings, an average earnings per starter of $16,924. In addition, the track record of a race horse may influence its future value as a breeding animal. Stud fees for stallions that enter breeding can range from $2,500 to $500,000 per mare in the United States, and from ₤2000 to £75,000 or more in Britain. The record stud fee to date was set in the 1980s, when the stud fee of the late Northern Dancer reached $1 million. During the 2008 Australian breeding season seven stallions stood at a stud fee of A$110,000 or more,


title: Thoroughbred content: with the highest fee in the nation at A$302,500. Although the Thoroughbred is primarily bred for racing, the breed is also used for show jumping and combined training because of its athleticism, and many retired and retrained race horses become fine family riding horses, dressage horses, and youth show horses. The larger horses are sought after for hunter/jumper and dressage competitions, whereas the smaller horses are in demand as polo ponies. Thoroughbred horses are primarily bred for racing under saddle at the gallop. Thoroughbreds are often known for being either distance runners or sprinters, and their conformation usually reflects what


title: Thoroughbred content: they have been bred to do. Sprinters are usually well muscled, while "stayers", or distance runners, tend to be smaller and slimmer. The size of the horse is one consideration for buyers and trainers when choosing a potential racehorse. Although there have been champion racehorses of every height, from Zenyatta who stood 17.2 hands, to Man o' War and Secretariat who both stood at 16.2 hands, down to Hyperion, who was only 15.1, the best racehorses are generally of average size. Larger horses mature more slowly and have more stress on their legs and feet, predisposing them to lameness. Smaller


title: Thoroughbred content: horses are considered by some to be at a disadvantage due to their shorter stride and a tendency of other horses to bump them, especially in the starting gate. Historically, Thoroughbreds have steadily increased in size: the average height of a Thoroughbred in 1700 was about 13.3 hands high. By 1876 this had increased to 15.3. In 2007, there were 71,959 horses who started in races in the United States, and the average Thoroughbred racehorse in the United States and Canada ran 6.33 times in that year. In Australia, there were 31,416 horses in training during 2007, and those horses


title: Thoroughbred content: started 194,066 times for A$375,512,579 of prize money. During 2007, in Japan, there were 23,859 horses in training and those horses started 182,614 times for A$857,446,268 of prize money. In Britain, the British Racing Authority states there were 8,556 horses in training for flat racing for 2007, and those horses started 60,081 times in 5,659 races. Statistically, fewer than 50% of all race horses ever win a race, and less than 1% ever win a stakes race such as the Kentucky Derby or The Derby. Any horse who has yet to win a race is known as a maiden. Horses


title: Thoroughbred content: finished with a racing career that are not suitable for breeding purposes often become riding horses or other equine companions. A number of agencies exist to help make the transition from the racetrack to another career, or to help find retirement homes for ex-racehorses. In addition to racing, Thoroughbreds compete in eventing, show jumping and dressage at the highest levels of international competition, including the Olympics. They are also used as show hunters, steeplechasers, and in western riding speed events such as barrel racing. Mounted police divisions employ them in non-competitive work, and recreational riders also use them. Thoroughbreds are


title: Thoroughbred content: one of the most common breeds for use in polo in the United States. They are often seen in the fox hunting field as well. Thoroughbreds are often crossed with horses of other breeds to create new breeds or to enhance or introduce specific qualities into existing ones. They have been influential on many modern breeds, including the American Quarter Horse, the Standardbred, and possibly the Morgan, a breed that went on to influence many of the gaited breeds in North America. Other common crosses with the Thoroughbred include crossbreeding with Arabian bloodlines to produce the Anglo-Arabian as well as


title: Thoroughbred content: with the Irish Draught to produce the Irish Sport Horse. Thoroughbreds are often crossed with various Warmblood breeds due to their refinement and performance capabilities. Although Thoroughbreds are seen in the hunter-jumper world and in other disciplines, modern Thoroughbreds are primarily bred for speed, and racehorses have a very high rate of accidents as well as other health problems. One tenth of all Thoroughbreds suffer orthopedic problems, including fractures. Current estimates indicate that there are 1.5 career-ending breakdowns for every 1,000 horses starting a race in the United States, an average of two horses per day. The State of California


title: Thoroughbred content: reported a particularly high rate of injury, 3.5 per 1000 starts. Other countries report lower rates of injury, with the United Kingdom having 0.9 injuries/1,000 starts (1990–1999) and the courses in Victoria, Australia producing a rate of 0.44 injuries/1,000 starts (1989–2004). Thoroughbreds also have other health concerns, including a majority of animals who are prone to bleeding from the lungs (exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage), 10% with low fertility, and 5% with abnormally small hearts. Thoroughbreds also tend to have smaller hooves relative to their body mass than other breeds, with thin soles and walls and a lack of cartilage mass,


title: Thoroughbred content: which contributes to foot soreness, the most common source of lameness in racehorses. One argument for the health issues involving Thoroughbreds suggests that inbreeding is the culprit. It has also been suggested that capability for speed is enhanced in an already swift animal by raising muscle mass, a form of selective breeding that has created animals designed to win horse races. Thus, according to one postulation, the modern Thoroughbred travels faster than its skeletal structure can support. Veterinarian Robert Miller states that "We have selectively bred for speeds that the anatomy of the horse cannot always cope with." Poor breeding


title: Thoroughbred content: may be encouraged by the fact that many horses are sent to the breeding shed following an injury. If the injury is linked to a conformational fault, the fault is likely to be passed to the next generation. Additionally, some breeders will have a veterinarian perform straightening procedures on a horse with crooked legs. This can help increase the horse's price at a sale and perhaps help the horse have a sounder racing career, but the genes for poor legs will still be passed on. A high accident rate may also occur because Thoroughbreds, particularly in the United States, are


title: Thoroughbred content: first raced as 2-year-olds, well before they are completely mature. Though they may appear full-grown and are in superb muscular condition, their bones are not fully formed. However, catastrophic injury rates are higher in 4- and 5-year-olds than in 2- and 3-year-olds. Some believe that correct, slow training of a young horse (including foals) may actually be beneficial to the overall soundness of the animal. This is because, during the training process, microfractures occur in the leg followed by bone remodeling. If the remodeling is given sufficient time to heal, the bone becomes stronger. If proper remodeling occurs before hard


title: Thoroughbred content: training and racing begins, the horse will have a stronger musculoskeletal system and will have a decreased chance of injury. Studies have shown that track surfaces, horseshoes with toe grabs, use of certain legal medications, and high-intensity racing schedules may also contribute to a high injury rate. One promising trend is the development of synthetic surfaces for racetracks, and one of the first tracks to install such a surface, Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky, saw its rate of fatal breakdowns drop from 24 in 2004–05 to three in the year following Polytrack installation. The material is not perfected, and some


title: Thoroughbred content: areas report problems related to winter weather, but studies are continuing. The level of treatment given to injured Thoroughbreds is often more intensive than for horses of lesser financial value but also controversial, due in part to the significant challenges in treating broken bones and other major leg injuries. Leg injuries that are not immediately fatal still may be life-threatening because a horse's weight must be distributed evenly on all four legs to prevent circulatory problems, laminitis, and other infections. If a horse loses the use of one leg temporarily, there is the risk that other legs will break down


title: Thoroughbred content: during the recovery period because they are carrying an abnormal weight load. While horses periodically lie down for brief periods of time, a horse cannot remain lying in the equivalent of a human's "bed rest" because of the risk of developing sores, internal damage, and congestion. Whenever a racing accident severely injures a well-known horse, such as the major leg fractures that led to the euthanization of 2006 Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro, or 2008 Kentucky Derby runner-up Eight Belles, animal rights groups have denounced the Thoroughbred racing industry. On the other hand, advocates of racing argue that without horse racing,


title: Thoroughbred content: far less funding and incentives would be available for medical and biomechanical research on horses. Although horse racing is hazardous, veterinary science has advanced. Previously hopeless cases can now be treated, and earlier detection through advanced imaging techniques like scintigraphy can keep at-risk horses off the track. Thoroughbred The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word "thoroughbred" is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are considered "hot-blooded" horses that are known for their agility, speed, and spirit. The


title: "Asplenium trichomanes" content: Asplenium trichomanes Asplenium trichomanes (commonly known as maidenhair spleenwort) is a small fern in the spleenwort genus "Asplenium". It is a widespread and common species, occurring almost worldwide in a variety of rocky habitats. It is a variable fern with several subspecies. The specific epithet "trichomanes" refers to a Greek word for “fern”. It grows in tufts from a short rhizome. The fronds are long and narrow, gradually tapering towards the tip. They are simply divided into small, yellow-green to dark-green pinnae. The stipe and rachis of the frond are dark all along their length. The fronds can reach 40


title: "Asplenium trichomanes" content: cm in length but are more commonly 8–20 cm. They bear long, narrow sori which contain the spores. It is widespread in temperate and subarctic areas and also occurs in mountainous regions in the tropics. Its range includes most of Europe and much of Asia south to Turkey, Iran and the Himalayas with a population in Yemen. It occurs in northern, southern and parts of eastern Africa and also in eastern Indonesia, south-east Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and Hawaii. It is found in North America and Central America and Cuba, and the northern and western regions of South America such


title: "Asplenium trichomanes" content: as Chile. It grows in rocky habitats such as cliffs, scree slopes, walls and mine waste, the type of rock used as a substrate depending on the subspecies. It grows from sea-level up to 3000 metres in North America while in the British Isles it reaches 870 metres. "Asplenium trichomanes" is valued in cultivation for its hardiness (down to ), its evergreen foliage and its ability to colonise crevices in stone walls. It prefers a fully or partially shaded aspect. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. "Asplenium trichomanes" has diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes, which


title: "Asplenium trichomanes" content: it has been argued should be recognised as distinct species. A triploid cytotype (a sterile hybrid between the diploid and tetraploid cytotype) is also known. Within these cytotypes several subspecies are recognised, including Asplenium trichomanes Asplenium trichomanes (commonly known as maidenhair spleenwort) is a small fern in the spleenwort genus "Asplenium". It is a widespread and common species, occurring almost worldwide in a variety of rocky habitats. It is a variable fern with several subspecies. The specific epithet "trichomanes" refers to a Greek word for “fern”. It grows in tufts from a short rhizome. The fronds are long and narrow,


title: "Political positions of John McCain" content: Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the existing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) agreements, U.S. participation in the World Trade Organization, and opposed renegotiation of trade agreements, saying, "...the U.S. should engage in multilateral, regional and bilateral efforts to reduce barriers to trade, level the global playing field and build effective enforcement of global trading rules." In 2004, when McCain was asked, "Should trade agreements include provisions to address environmental concerns and to protect workers' rights?", he answered, "No." Regarding protectionism, in 2007 McCain said, "I'm a student of history. Every time the United States has become protectionist ... we've paid


title: "North American P-51 Mustang variants" content: Elder, in a P-51D-5-NA "44-14017", started flight tests from the deck of the carrier . This Mustang had been fitted with an arrestor hook, which was attached to a reinforced bulkhead behind the tail wheel opening; the hook was housed in a streamlined position under the rudder fairing and could be released from the cockpit. The tests showed that the Mustang could be flown off the carrier deck without the aid of a catapult, using a flap setting of 20° down and 5° of up elevator. Landings were found to be easy, and, by allowing the tail wheel to contact