title: "Asian Para Games" content: Asian Para Games The Asian Para Games is a multi-sport event regulated by the Asian Paralympic Committee that held every four years after every Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities. The Games are recognized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and are described as the second largest multi-sport event after the Paralympic Games. In its history, three nations have hosted the Asian Para Games and Forty-four nations have participated in the Games. The most recent games was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 6 to 13 October 2018. The next games are scheduled to Hangzhou, China. Before the Asian Para


title: "Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale" content: Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale (born 18 July 1967) is a British hereditary peer, Liberal Democrat politician and member of the prominent Mitford family. Mitford was educated at Milton Abbey and Highgate School, before going up to Newcastle University, where he graduated with the degree of B.A.. He succeeded his father as 6th Baron Redesdale, of Redesdale, Co. Northumberland, in 1991. Following the removal of hereditary peers' automatic right to a seat in Parliament by the House of Lords Act 1999, the Liberal Democrats took advantage of an offer from the New Labour Government for


title: "Saint Louis University Madrid Campus" content: Madrid campus offers its International Business program, is accredited by AACSB International (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), the premier business school accrediting body. Engineering degrees are accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The Madrid campus was founded in 1967 by Raymond L. Sullivant as a study abroad program. Classes were offered in conjunction with the Universidad Pontificia Comillas, a Spanish Jesuit institution. The success of the study abroad program led Sullivant to develop an independent, permanent program, with administrative offices and classrooms located between Madrid's Complutense University and the


title: "Andrea Soldi" content: practice (fluctuating between Rococo and Kneller-like styles) and to other Italian portraitists in England at the time, such as the Cavaliere Rusca (worked in London 1738–39), and Andrea Casali (worked in London 1741–66). Beginning "above thirty portraits" from April to August 1738 alone (according to Vertue), Soldi's only serious rival was Jean-Baptiste van Loo (in London 1737–42). Particular patrons included the 2nd Duke of Manchester, 3rd Duke of Manchester, 3rd Duke of Beaufort and 4th Viscount Fauconberg. Soldi was imprisoned for debt in 1744, and died in London in 1771, Joshua Reynolds paying for his funeral. Andrea Soldi Andrea Soldi


title: Heli-logging content: taking place, and trees are extracted vertically, there is reduced damage to the surrounding trees and ground surface. Research by Roberts, Ward and Rollerson done in 2004 shows that post-logging landslides are more common after conventional cable-based logging than heli-logging. Landslide rates following conventional logging are one and a half times more common than landslide rates following heli-logging. Although there is no direct cost from road construction or expansion, heli-logging incurs high costs. Operation of a helicopter as well as the selection processes and methods increase the cost. The use of a helicopter to transport the stems limits the size


title: "Frederick Montagu" content: in vain to abolish the fast of 30 January, the date of Charles I's execution ; the fast was not abolished till 1859. In 1780, he was generally expected to succeed Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley as speaker of the House of Commons. He became a Lord of the Treasury in 1782 under Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, and again in 1783 in William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland's coalition ministry. In 1787, he was a member of the committee that prepared the articles of Warren Hastings's impeachment. He was popular in society, and had literary tastes. Wraxall describes


title: "Contact manager" content: single sales representative is responsible for multiple roles within a company. Alternatively, a company with a many-to-many interaction model, in which many sales representatives are targeting a single job role, a customer relationship management (CRM) system is preferred.: Contact manager A contact manager is a software program that enables users to easily store and find contact information, such as names, addresses and telephone numbers. They are contact-centric databases that provide a fully integrated approach to tracking of all information and communication activities linked to contacts. Simple ones for personal use are included in most smartphones. The main reference standard for


title: "Harold Massingham" content: and 1992. His work was published in "The New Yorker," and "Alhambra Poetry Calendar". Under the pseudonym ‘Mass’, he set crosswords for national newspapers and magazines for more than 30 years. He also compiled chess puzzles. Harold Massingham Harold W. Massingham (25 October 1932 Mexborough—13 March 2011) was an English poet. He was the son of H. W. Massingham (a collier from Mexborough). He attended the same Mexborough Grammar School as the Yorkshire poet and Poet Laureate Ted Hughes but in a class two years below. He taught at the University of Manchester; his students included Steven Waling, and Trevor


title: "Human rights in Estonia" content: minorities were badly treated, while a Russian survey in 1995 found only 8% of Russian speakers felt their human rights were being violated. According to a 2008 survey of 500 ethnic Russians conducted by the EU Fundamental Rights Agency, 59% of those questioned characterized ethnic discrimination as very or fairly widespread in the country. 27% claimed they had experienced discrimination based on their ethnic origin in the past 5 years, including 17% during the past 12 months (compared to 4–5% in Lithuania and Latvia.) Discrimination at workplace was characterized as widespread, with 72% of poll participants saying that a different


title: "Algerians in the United Kingdom" content: many Algerians were granted British citizenship and the right of abode (1998–2007). Algerians in the United Kingdom Algerians in the United Kingdom are residents of the UK with ancestry from Algeria. They include Algerian-born immigrants and their British-born descendants. According to the Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR), the UK's Algerian population is not well known or understood by the wider community. The number of Algerians was small until the early 1990s, since when it has increased, partly as a result of the Algerian Civil War of 1991 to 2002. However, the population remains small in comparison with other,


title: "Riga Ghetto" content: the rest of Latvia. For these events, Krause and other Nazis sat in the front row. Krause assisted the orchestra, by providing instruments, such as a cello (whose original owner had been murdered or worked to death at Salaspils), from the confiscated baggage from the transports. During the summer of 1942, singing events were held out of doors in the vacant lots behind the houses. Krause, Gymnich, and Neumann attended a few of these, but stood off a bit, not sitting on the ground like the Jews but leaning up against a tree or a building smoking cigarettes. Dances were


title: "Kom people (Manipur)" content: to the tiger saying "Tiger, we are brothers, see, I have stripes like yours and the people coming with me are my brothers, so do not kill us." He added "If I kill you or any species of your family then let me have great loss in my family and if you kill me or my family then let your teeth fall out." During the conversation, Saiche shot an arrow at the tiger and the tiger died. The descendants of Shongthu keep the vow, especially Karoungs keep it to this day with some exceptions after Christianity. The Karoungs believe the


title: "Francisco Matos Paoli" content: Speech. He pointed out that the law as such was a violation of the civil rights of the people of Puerto Rico. In 1949, the Nationalist Party held an assembly in the town of Arecibo and named Paoli Secretary General of the party. Some of his duties as Secretary General of the party included the presentation of patriotic speeches. Due to Law 53, these duties placed Paoli on a collision course with the U.S. government. In September 1950, Paoli traveled to the towns of Cabo Rojo, Santurce, Guánica and Lares, where he participated in Nationalist activities. On October 30, the


title: "Bank of the City of Buenos Aires" content: and open to the public from 8:30 to 13:30hs, and offers all banking and financial services. The inauguration ceremony in Cordoba's Capital became a prominent political event, mainly because of its attendees, politicians from both national and provincial arches, from different parties. Among them were the Vice-Gobernor Martín Miguel Llaryora; the city's mayor, Javier Ramón Mestre; the Vice-Chief of Government of Buenos Aires, Diego Santilli; the former president of the bank and current Minister of the Interior Rogelio Frigerio; the Vice-Mayor of Cordoba Felipe Lábaque; the national senator Laura Rodríguez Machado and the national deputy Héctor Baldassi. The Bank offers


title: "2009 American League Championship Series" content: Saturday, October 24, but was postponed because of rain. Friday, October 16, 2009 — 7:57 PM (ET) at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, New York On a blustery night where the official game time temperature was , starter CC Sabathia limited the Angels to one run on four hits and a walk in eight innings, striking out seven in a 4–1 Yankee win. The Yankees staked Sabathia to a 2–0 lead in the bottom of the first on an Alex Rodriguez sacrifice fly and an unusual RBI infield single from Hideki Matsui. Matsui hit a short popup to the left


title: "Zara Carmichael" content: Daniel's father figure was Joe Fenton (Stephen Boxer), who was on the show for years and was the patriarch of Doctors for a long time. So that's a very significant name for Daniel, and I think it's very loving of Zara that she doesn't insist on calling the baby something like Lysander or Demetrius - as she'd teased him that she would!" Dermot-Walsh also stated that it has been "amazing" working with babies. In April 2012, Elisabeth Dermot-Walsh announced on ITV program "This Morning" that she was expecting a baby and would be leaving to go on maternity leave. Asked


title: "Benton Area School District" content: media center, gymnasium, art room, music room and band room. Adjacent to the elementary school are athletic fields for baseball, softball, field hockey and soccer. The elementary school has an extensively equipped playground. SPP 82.4 out of 100. Appleman Elementary School PSSA mandated testing results were: 6th graders, 69% were on grade level in reading and 64% were on grade level in mathematics. In 5th grade, 85% of students were on grade level in reading, while 64% of students demonstrated on grade level mathematics skills. In 4th grade, 75% were on grade level in reading, while 46% demonstrated on grade


title: "Violence against Indians in Australia controversy" content: students in Australia will make New Zealand a more attractive option. Domestically, the Indian government declared that it would formulate a policy to deal with racial discrimination against Indians abroad. As part of the initiative to create an institutionalised mechanism to prevent racist attacks on Indians abroad, Vayalar Ravi, the head of the overseas Indian affairs ministry, has been tasked to protect the Indians in Australia. Ravi has called for a report on these incidents from the Indian High Commission in Australia. There was a 46% drop in Indians applying for student visas for Australia from July to 31 October


title: JoomlaLMS content: JoomlaLMS JoomlaLMS is a professional Learning Management System developed on the basis of Joomla Web content management system. The Learning Management System is PHP and MySQL based. JoomlaLMS enables users to create native LMS courses or import SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2004 courses either created using Rapid Elearning authoring tools or off the shelf acquired SCORM packages. JoomlaLMS was introduced by Elearningforce which initially provided Joomla components, extensions and modules developed by Belitsoft outsourcing software developer. The idea for JoomlaLMS emerged due to the absence of Learning Management System for Joomla at that time. The first release was announced on


title: "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game" content: the third overtime to win the game 74–70. The game saw the lead change thirty–one times before the Tar Heels were able to emerge victorious after three overtime periods. Dick Harp was in the midst of his first season as head coach of the Kansas Jayhawks as the team entered the National Championship game. Kansas came into the season favored to win the national title. This was due in large part to Wilt Chamberlain joining the varsity team after finishing his freshman year on the freshman team per NCAA rules. At the beginning of the season, the Jayhawks starting line


title: "Berwick Area School District" content: parents in 414 public schools (74 school districts) were offered access to these scholarships. For the 2012-13 school year, nine public school districts in Pennsylvania had all of their schools placed on the list including: Steelton-Highspire School District, Sto-Rox School District, Chester Upland School District, Clairton City School District, Duquesne City School District, Farrell Area School District, Wilkinsburg Borough School District, and William Penn School District. In 2014, Monessen City School District had all three of its schools added to the list. Funding for the scholarships comes from donations by businesses which receive a state tax credit for donating. In


title: "Berwick Area School District" content: of a state program called Science in Motion which brought college professors and sophisticated science equipment to the school to raise science awareness and to provide inquiry-based experiences for the students. The Science in Motion program was funded by a state appropriation and cost the school nothing to participate. The High School worked with Susquehanna University to provide the experiences. According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 25% of Berwick Area School District graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System


title: "Global Information Network Architecture" content: (CBOM) for managing data. GINA combines development, control and application. GINA™ can configure and assemble models which can perform the work done by existing hard-coded information applications such as enterprise systems, integrations and information sharing. A Global Information Grid (GIG) is a system which uses communications and computer capabilities, processes and personnel to collect, process, store, disseminate and manage information so that it can be made available to US soldiers, policy makers, and support personnel on demand. The purpose of a GIG is to give "Information Superiority." It includes National Security Systems as they are defined in section 5142 of


title: "Munster Training Area" content: jars ("Nebeltöpfe"). Extensive trials were carried out with chemicals and munitions on the firing ranges and test sites. At the end of the war in 1918 the "Gasplatz" held about 48,000 tonnes of chemical munitions, several thousand tonnes of chemically-filled captured munitions and 40 tank wagons of unfilled chemicals. These supplies were sunk in the North Sea and the Baltic. During the preparations for this there was a tragic accident on 24 October 1919. A train laden with chemical weapons and munitions exploded. Apart from the "Clarkwerk" factory and the power station almost the entire facility was destroyed, a total


title: "Blacklick Valley School District" content: for Social Security payments for employees and other state grants which the district must apply to receive. The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006 to 2009. The Blacklick Valley School District did not apply to participate in 2006-07. In 2007-08, the district received $72,372. The district received $41,414 in 2008-09. The funds were used to purchase 91 student laptops,


title: "Howl On" content: the American astronauts on Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, when Kennedy was a seven-year-old boy living in Belfast. A month later, Jimi Hendrix's appearance as the final act at the Woodstock Festival with a performance of "Hey Joe" served as further inspiration. The opening song on the album, "America", reflects on Kennedy's childhood memories dreaming of all things American and when cowboys and the astronauts of the Apollo 11 spacecraft were his heroes. "The Skinny" comments that "Album opener America is a sentimental look across the ocean with a slow and smooth acoustic-driven beat with


title: "Elf (Middle-earth)" content: sky, as the Sun and Moon have yet to be created. The first Elves to awake are three pairs: Imin ("First") and his wife Iminyë, Tata ("Second") and Tatië, and Enel ("Third") and Enelyë. Imin, Tata, and Enel and their wives join up and walk through the forests. They come across six, nine, and twelve pairs of Elves, and each "patriarch" claims the pairs as his folk in order. The now sixty Elves dwell by the rivers, and they invent poetry and music in Middle-earth (the continent). Journeying further, they come across eighteen pairs of Elves watching the stars, whom


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: Exidia glandulosa Exidia glandulosa (common names black witches' butter, black jelly roll, or warty jelly fungus) is a jelly fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. It is a common, wood-rotting species in Europe, typically growing on dead attached branches of oak. The fruit bodies are up to wide, shiny, black and blister-like, and grow singly or in clusters. Its occurrence elsewhere is uncertain because of confusion with the related species, "Exidia nigricans". The species was originally described from France as "Tremella glandulosa" by Bulliard in 1789. It was subsequently placed in "Exidia" by Fries in 1822. Fries, however, modified Bulliard's species


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: concept to include a second, effused, coalescing species—the name "Exidia glandulosa" serving for both. This combined concept was used until Neuhoff separated the two species in 1936. Unfortunately, Neuhoff gave the name "Exidia glandulosa" to the effused species, adopting the name "Exidia truncata" for Bulliard's original species. This error was pointed out by Donk in 1966, who proposed the name "Exidia plana" for the effused species, now replaced by "Exidia nigricans". Molecular research has shown that "Exidia glandulosa" and "E. nigricans", though similar, are distinct. The fungus is commonly known as "black witch's butter", "black jelly roll", or the "warty


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: jelly fungus". "Exidia glandulosa" forms dark sepia to blackish, rubbery-gelatinous fruit bodies that are top-shaped (like an inverted cone) and around across. They are firm when fresh, but become lax and distorted with age or in wet weather. The fruit bodies occur singly or in small clusters. The upper, spore-bearing surface is shiny and dotted with small pimples or pegs. The undersurface is smooth and matte at first, but develops a dense covering of small, gelatinous spines. The fruit bodies are attached to the wood at the base. The spore print is white. When the fruit bodies are dried they


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: can shrink to form a flattened black crust. The microscopic characters are typical of the genus "Exidia". The basidia are ellipsoid, septate, 15–25 by 8–13 µm. The spores are allantoid (sausage-shaped), with dimensions of 14–19 by 4.5–5.5 µm. "Exidia glandulosa" is frequently confused with "Exidia nigricans". The two are similar, but "E. nigricans" produces button-shaped fruit bodies in clusters that quickly become deformed and coalesce, forming an effused, lobed mass that can be or more across. The two species are indistinguishable microscopically, but DNA research indicates they are distinct. The closely related "E. recisa" has more erect fruit bodies without


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: warts on the surface, lighter colors (ranging from yellowish brown to dark brown), and a small base. The ascomycete "Bulgaria inquinans" forms similar, rubbery-gelatinous, blackish fruit bodies on oak. Their upper surfaces are entirely smooth, however, and they produce copious black (not white) spore prints, often leaving a black stain if wiped with the hand. "Exidia glandulosa" is a wood-rotting species, typically found on dead attached branches of broadleaf trees, especially oak, occasionally hazel or beech. It is a pioneer species capable of colonizing living or recently dead wood. A study of the wood decay process in attached oak branches


title: "Exidia glandulosa" content: showed that "E. glandulosa" is a member of a community of eight basidiomycetous fungi consistently associated with the decay of dying branches on living trees. Specifically, its role is to disintegrate the tissue of the vascular cambium, which loosens the attached bark. It persists for some while on fallen branches and logs. Fruit bodies are normally produced in the autumn and winter. Its global distribution is uncertain because of confusion with "E. nigricans", but it is present in Europe at least. "Exidia glandulosa" is reported to be edible. Exidia glandulosa Exidia glandulosa (common names black witches' butter, black jelly roll,


title: "See You After School" content: their arch enemy Jae-koo. Nevertheless, during the intermission Goong-dahl fallen in love with Min-ah and became the resurrection dragon of loser student's union in the school. But after all the hard work done, he is survived by only two options before the duel. Either become a predator of fellow losers or the protector of fellow losers. What will be his ultimatum? Is once a loser forever a loser? See You After School See You After School (; lit, "Rooftop After School") is a 2006 South Korean comical melodrama about typical loser's zero to hero conquest. Goong-dahl, a typical loser billed


title: "Zero (manhwa)" content: is what they refer to as a "Zero Sample" with the ability to cause "Zero Shock". Born in 1965, he is the father of Katsumi and the lover of Sumire. He inherited his immense power from his father which was transmitted through the incestuous relation he had with his daughter. He is known to the Extrasensory Perception Control System (ECS) as "Zero-type Sample". Born in 1961, An artificial life form created from the genes of Shuiichi's dead mother with the purpose of being a generator of SG capable espers. She was brought up believing that she was Shuiichi's sister. Although


title: "Clara Thalmann" content: (Friends of Durruti). At the barricades, Clara came to know George Orwell. During the repression that followed the events of May 1937, Paul and Clara Thalmann went underground. They were arrested a few months later when attempting to flee Spain by boat from Barcelona and were incarcerated by the Servicio de Información Militar (SIM), the Republican security forces. After several months in prison, they were released through the efforts of friends in Switzerland. After their release in 1937 they moved to Paris. During World War II, Clara and Paul were active in the French Resistance and creation of the small


title: "Same-sex marriage in Alabama" content: not issuing any marriage licenses, with no indication if or when they might resume: Autauga, Choctaw, Clarke, Cleburne, Covington, Geneva, Pike and Washington. Chambers and Bibb counties confirmed on August 21 and September 4 that they were not issuing any licenses. By June 26, 2016, Chambers had begun issuing marriage licenses to all couples. Elmore, Madison, Marengo, Mobile and Walker stopped issuing marriage licenses on January 6, 2016 following Roy Moore's order (see above). However, Madison, Mobile and Walker began reissuing marriage licenses to all couples a few days later. Following Judge Granade's final injunction in the case "Strawser v.


title: "Same-sex marriage in Alabama" content: Strange" (see above), probate courts from both Clarke and Washington reiterated that they would not issue marriage licenses to both same-sex and different-sex couples. A few days ahead of the first anniversary of the "Obergefell v. Hodges" decision, the American Civil Liberties Union of Alabama found that 12 Alabamian counties were still not granting marriage licenses to same-sex couples. 11 of these counties issued no marriage licenses at all, either to opposite-sex or to same-sex couples: Autauga, Bibb, Choctaw, Clarke, Cleburne, Covington, Elmore, Geneva, Marengo, Pike and Washington. Coosa County continued to deny marriage licenses specifically to same-sex couples, citing


title: "Patrick Whitefield" content: Green" (2006) and "A Farm for the Future" (2008). He was the author of "Tipi Living" (1987), "Permaculture in a Nutshell" (1993), "How to Make a Forest Garden" (1996), "The Earth Care Manual" (2004), and "The Living Landscape, How to Read it and Understand it" (2010). "The Minimalist Gardener" (2017) was posthumously published. He taught on various courses in England, including at Ragmans Lane Farm in Gloucestershire and created the first online permaculture design course in Britain. He also worked as a permaculture design consultant, and set up Patrick Whitefield Associates to pass on his skills and experience to a


title: "Burgettstown Area School District" content: reading, writing, math and one year of science. College remediation: According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 34% of the Burgettstown Area High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years. Per the


title: "Mill Colonnade" content: Mill Colonnade The Mill Colonnade () is a large colonnade containing several hot springs in the spa town of Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. The structure is one of the traditional symbols of the town. The Neo-Renaissance structure has a nave, two aisles and measures long by wide. There are 124 Corinthian columns. Twelve statues representing the twelve months of the year sit above the portico. There is a raised orchestra space for the spa orchestra which plays regular, free concerts. Architect Josef Zítek, who also designed the National Theatre and Rudolfinum in Prague, designed the structure, which was built between


title: "Mill Colonnade" content: 1871-1881. The original design called for a two level colonnade, but a lack of funds restricted it to one level. Construction proceeded very slowly and costs grew higher. The structure was initially reviled by critics and compared to a bed of carrots or a bowling alley; at the time it was finished, many believed it had blemished the center of town. The Mill Colonnade was extended in 1893 to include the Rock Spring. The structure was restored in 1982, and stone reliefs portraying historic moments in Karlovy Vary history were added to the orchestra space in 1995-1996. By 1949, the


title: "Mill Colonnade" content: adjacent portion of the Tepla River was bridged over in front of the Mill Colonnade, creating a plaza. Karlovy Vary has 13 major springs and the Mill Colonnade covers five of them, ranging in temperature and history: Mill Colonnade The Mill Colonnade () is a large colonnade containing several hot springs in the spa town of Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. The structure is one of the traditional symbols of the town. The Neo-Renaissance structure has a nave, two aisles and measures long by wide. There are 124 Corinthian columns. Twelve statues representing the twelve months of the year sit above


title: "Post Electric Blues" content: mixing the album. At this time, Jones began recording his debut solo album, "A Sentimental Education" using Eringa's equipment. The album was subsequently posted to fans in June 2009, and released on October 5, 2009 on Cooking Vinyl records. The album's artwork features band photographs taken by photographer David Gillanders. The photographs were taken in January 2009 at the band's rehearsal studio in Rosyth. Regarding the album's artwork, vocalist Roddy Woomble states that: A note was included with the pre-order album package thanking fans for their patience and asking them not to upload the album on to the internet. However,


title: "Obsessed (Mariah Carey song)" content: the tour. Carey then opted to record a new album, that would be released during the summer of 2009. During the later stages of the project, Carey released the title, "Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel", that would serve as the singer's twelfth studio album. She explained how plans for a ballad to be released were put on hold, because a new song she had written "needed to be heard". On June 9, 2009, she wrote on her official Twitter account: "Seriously, this is one of my favorite songs ever. I love the whole album. I'm completely immersed in it. I


title: "Tempest family" content: where the royalist cause in the north was irretrievably lost. Retreating into Lancashire with the remnants of Prince Rupert's forces he joined the small band of volunteers defending Lathom House, home of the Earl of Derby. Despite fierce resistance this was forced to capitulate December 1645 with the defenders allowed to march to the nearest friendly forces. John Tempest occurs as Governor and defender of Skipton Castle which surrendered to Parliament 21 December 1645. Labeled an "obstinate delinquent" by the Parliamentary Commissioners alongside his father and father in law who compounded for their estates in 1647. He himself did so


title: Dar-ul-Sukun content: It is one of many organizations such as the Edhi Foundation in Karachi that care for people in need. It was founded in 1969 by Sister Gertrude Lemmens (14 July 1914 – 27 October 2000) and is run by her successor Sister Ruth Lewis. Their three-story building claims to offer clean and well-lit rooms and recreation facilities for residents. Among the rooms are physiotherapy, resting and electrotherapy rooms. The centre sends people abroad to compete in the international "Special Olympics". One noteworthy winner is Jacky Master, an HR officer in a local tobacco company who was born with brain damage.


title: "Chiprovtsi Municipality" content: national border of Bulgaria and Serbia; the nearest Serbian municipality is Surdulica. Chiprovtsi municipality falls in the humid continental climate climate zone, with a slight mountain influence. The average year-round temperature is ; the average monthly temperature is in January and in July. The average yearly precipitation is 776–816 millimetres. The spring is short and rainy, while the summer is generally hot and dry. In the winter, the area is subject to a strong northeastern wind and a temperature inversion in the valleys. Of the 38 rivers and rivulets that flow across the municipality, the most important are the Ogosta


title: "Troy Carter (New Orleans)" content: in the 2002 primary election by Ray Nagin (the final winner) and Richard Pennington. Carter previously represented District 102 in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1992 to 1994, when he was elected to the city council. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district seat in 2006 against then-incumbent William J. Jefferson. Carter is a graduate of Xavier University of Louisiana, where he majored in business administration and political science. Carter was initiated into the Beta Iota Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi while a student at Xavier. He embarked on graduate studies in Pittsburgh at Carnegie-Mellon University's


title: Novarama content: Novarama Novarama Technology is a Spanish video game developer based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a First Party External Developer for Sony Computer Entertainment, and notable for its Invizimals video game series. The studio was founded in July 2003 with the mission statement of creating innovative games with mass appeal. The studio began developing PC games, releasing Fallen Lords: Condemnation on Christmas 2005 through a local publisher. Moving into the console space, Novarama began developing Wild Summer for the PC and Xbox 360. The game was cancelled due to a publisher restructuring. Surviving the crisis with just a small


title: Staphylococcus content: Staphylococcus Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae in the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). The name was coined in 1882 by Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist Alexander Ogston (1844-1929), following the pattern established five years earlier with the naming of "Streptococcus". It combines the prefix "staphylo-" (from ), and suffixed by the Modern (from ). "Staphylococcus" includes at least 40 species. Of these, nine have two subspecies, one has three subspecies, and one has


title: Staphylococcus content: four subspecies. Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Staphylococcus has been found to be a nectar-inhabiting microbe. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora. The taxonomy is based on 16s rRNA sequences, and most of the staphylococcal species fall into 11 clusters: A 12th group – that of "S. caseolyticus" – has now been removed to a new genus, "Macrococcus", the species of which are currently the closest known relatives of "Staphylococcus". Two species were described in 2015 - "Staphylococcus argenteus" and "Staphylococcus schweitzeri" -


title: Staphylococcus content: both of which were previously considered variants of "S. aureus". A new coagulase negative species - "Staphylococcus edaphicus" - has been isolated from Antarctica. This species is probably a member of the "S. saprophyticus" group. "S. aureus" subsp. "aureus" "S. aureus" subsp. "anaerobius" "S. capitis" subsp. "capitis" "S. capitis" subsp. "urealyticus" "S. carnosus" subsp. "carnosus" "S. carnosus" subsp. "utilis" "S. cohnii" subsp. "cohnii" "S. cohnii" subsp. "urealyticus" "S. equorum" subsp. "equorum" "S. equorum" subsp. "linens" "S. hominis" subsp. "hominis" "S. hominis" subsp. "novobiosepticus" "S petrasii" subsp." croceilyticus" "S petrasii" subsp. "jettensis" "S petrasii" subsp. "petrasii" "S petrasii" subsp. "pragensis" "S.


title: Staphylococcus content: saprophyticus" subsp. "bovis" "S. saprophyticus" subsp. "saprophyticus" "S. schleiferi" subsp. "coagulans" "S. schleiferi" subsp. "schleiferi" "S. sciuri" subsp. "carnaticus" "S. sciuri" subsp." rodentium" "S. sciuri" subsp. "sciuri" "S. succinus" subsp. "casei" "S. succinus" subsp. "succinus" Based on an analysis of orthologous gene content three groups (A, B and C) have been proposed. Group A includes "S. aureus", "S. capitis", "S. epidermidis", "S. haemolyticus", "S. hominis", "S. lugdunensis", "S. pettenkoferi", "S. simiae" and "S. warneri". Group B includes "S. arlettae", "S. cohnii", "S. equorum", "S. saprophyticus" and "S. xylosus". Group C includes "S. delphini", "S. intermedius" and "S. pseudintermedius". The "S.


title: Staphylococcus content: saprophyticus" and "S. sciuri" groups are generally novobiocin-resistant, as is "S. hominis" subsp. "novobiosepticus". Members of the "S. sciuri" group are oxidase-positive due to their possession of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. This group is the only clade within the staphylococci to possess this gene. The "S. sciuri" group appears to be the closest relations to the genus "Macrococcus". "S. pulvereri" has been shown to be a junior synonym of "S. vitulinus". Within these clades, the "S. haemolyticus" and "S. simulans" groups appear to be related, as do the "S. aureus" and "S. epidermidis" groups. "S. lugdunensis" appears to be


title: Staphylococcus content: related to the "S. haemolyticus" group. "S. petrasii" may be related to "S. haemolyticus", but this needs to be confirmed. The taxonomic position of "S. lyticans", "S. pettenkoferi", "S. petrasii", and "S. pseudolugdunensis" has yet to be clarified. The published descriptions of these species do not appear to have been validly published. Assignment of a strain to the genus "Staphylococcus" requires it to be a Gram-positive coccus that forms clusters, has an appropriate cell wall structure (including peptidoglycan type and teichoic acid presence) and G + C content of DNA in a range of 30–40 mol%. "Staphylococcus" species can be


title: Staphylococcus content: differentiated from other aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive cocci by several simple tests. "Staphylococcus" species are facultative anaerobes (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). All species grow in the presence of bile salts. All species of "Staphylococcus aureus" were once thought to be coagulase-positive, but this has since been disproven. Growth can also occur in a 6.5% NaCl solution. On Baird Parker medium, "Staphylococcus" species grow fermentatively, except for "S. saprophyticus", which grows oxidatively. "Staphylococcus" species are resistant to bacitracin (0.04 U disc: resistance = < 10 mm zone of inhibition) and susceptible to furazolidone (100 μg disc: resistance


title: Staphylococcus content: = < 15 mm zone of inhibition). Further biochemical testing is needed to identify to the species level. When these bacteria divide, they do so along two axes, so form clumps of bacteria. This is as opposed to streptococci, which divide along one axis, so form chains ("strep" meaning twisted or pliant). One of the most important phenotypical features used in the classification of staphylococci is their ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that causes blood clot formation. Seven species are currently recognised as being coagulase-positive: "S. aureus", "S. delphini", "S. hyicus", "S. intermedius", "S. lutrae", "S. pseudintermedius", and "S.


title: Staphylococcus content: schleiferi" subsp. "coagulans". These species belong to two separate groups – the "S. aureus" ("S. aureus" alone) group and the "S. hyicus-intermedius" group (the remaining five). An eighth species has also been described – "Staphylococcus leei" – from patients with gastritis. "S. aureus" is coagulase-positive, meaning it produces coagulase. However, while the majority of "S. aureus" strains are coagulase-positive, some may be atypical in that they do not produce coagulase. "S. aureus" is catalase-positive (meaning that it can produce the enzyme catalase) and able to convert hydrogen peroxide (HO) to water and oxygen, which makes the catalase test useful to


title: Staphylococcus content: distinguish staphylococci from enterococci and streptococci. "S. pseudintermedius" inhabits and sometimes infects the skin of domestic dogs and cats. This organism, too, can carry the genetic material that imparts multiple bacterial resistance. It is rarely implicated in infections in humans, as a zoonosis. "S. epidermidis", a coagulase-negative species, is a commensal of the skin, but can cause severe infections in immunosuppressed patients and those with central venous catheters. "S. saprophyticus", another coagulase-negative species that is part of the normal vaginal flora, is predominantly implicated in genitourinary tract infections in sexually active young women. In recent years, several other "Staphylococcus" species


title: Staphylococcus content: have been implicated in human infections, notably "S. lugdunensis", "S. schleiferi", and "S. caprae". Common abbreviations for coagulase-negative staphylococci are CoNS, CNS, or CNST. The American Society for Microbiology abbreviates coagulase-negative staphylococci as "CoNS". The first "S. aureus" genomes to be sequenced were those of N315 and Mu50, in 2001. Many more complete "S. aureus" genomes have been submitted to the public databases, making it one of the most extensively sequenced bacteria. The use of genomic data is now widespread and provides a valuable resource for researchers working with "S. aureus". Whole genome technologies, such as sequencing projects and microarrays,


title: Staphylococcus content: have shown an enormous variety of "S. aureus" strains. Each contains different combinations of surface proteins and different toxins. Relating this information to pathogenic behaviour is one of the major areas of staphylococcal research. The development of molecular typing methods has enabled the tracking of different strains of "S. aureus". This may lead to better control of outbreak strains. A greater understanding of how the staphylococci evolve, especially due to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding resistance and virulence genes is helping to identify new outbreak strains and may even prevent their emergence. The widespread incidence of antibiotic resistance


title: Staphylococcus content: across various strains of "S. aureus", or across different species of "Staphylococcus" has been attributed to horizontal gene transfer of genes encoding antibiotic/metal resistance and virulence. A recent study demonstrated the extent of horizontal gene transfer among "Staphylococcus" to be much greater than previously expected, and encompasses genes with functions beyond antibiotic resistance and virulence, and beyond genes residing within the mobile genetic elements. Various strains of "Staphylococcus" are available from biological research centres, such as the National Collection of Type Cultures. Members of the genus "Staphylococcus" frequently colonize the skin and upper respiratory tracts of mammals and birds. Some


title: Staphylococcus content: species specificity has been observed in host range, such that the "Staphylococcus" species observed on some animals appear more rarely on more distantly related host species. Some of the observed host specificity includes: "S. arlattae" – chickens, goats "S. aureus" - humans "S. auricularis" – deer, dogs, humans "S. capitis" – humans "S. caprae" – goats, humans "S. cohnii" – chickens, humans "S. delphini" – dolphins "S. devriesei" – cattle "S. epidermidis" – humans "S. equorum" – horses "S. felis" – cats "S. fleurettii" – goats "S. gallinarum" – chickens, goats, pheasants "S. haemolyticus" – humans, "Cercocebus", "Erythrocebus", "Lemur", "Macca",


title: Staphylococcus content: "Microcebus", "Pan" "S. hyicus" – pigs "S. leei" – humans "S. lentus" – goats, rabbits, sheep "S. lugdunensis" – humans, goats "S. lutrae" – otters "S. microti" – voles ("Microtus arvalis") "S. nepalensis" – goats "S. pasteuri" – humans, goats "S. pettenkoferi" – humans "S. pseudintermedius" – dogs "S. rostri" – pigs "S. schleiferi" – humans "S. sciuri" – humans, dogs, goats "S. simiae" – South American squirrel monkeys ("Saimiri sciureus") "S. simulans" – humans "S. warneri" – humans, Cercopithecoidea, Pongidae "S. xylosus" – humans "Staphylococcus" can cause a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals through either toxin


title: Staphylococcus content: production or penetration. Staphylococcal toxins are a common cause of food poisoning, for they can be produced by bacteria growing in improperly stored food items. The most common sialadenitis is caused by staphylococci, as bacterial infections. Staphylococcus Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae in the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms (capable of growth both aerobically and anaerobically). The name was coined in 1882 by Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist Alexander Ogston (1844-1929), following the pattern established five years earlier with the


title: "LGBT rights in Queensland" content: and 9% respectively, with 12% for "other". The study found that 75% of LGBTI survey respondents did not report the abuse to police, with attackers usually being young men who did not know their victim. A person who is in a same sex, spousal or intimate personal relationship is protected by the "Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 1989". Couples in same-sex relationships who are victims of relationship violence may take out domestic violence orders against a violent partner, and other protective measures, including counselling services. In 2014, Marcus Volke drew heavy media attention after murdering his transgender wife and


title: "USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)" content: broken masts hitting ice. A little later she set out on a prospecting expedition to Cape Chaplino and stopped at St Lawrence Island about June 17. There she encountered the Russian steamer "Progress", chartered by American mining engineer Washington Vanderlip and his Russian backers. Vanderlip hired the "Corwin" to clear a channel through the ice so "Progress" could reach Cape Chaplino and the clear water just off the Siberian coast. Vanderlip described the "Corwin's" action as an icebreaker: "Some of the ice the Corwin can push to one side or the other but when this is not possible she backs


title: "Roger Cousinet" content: new School of the Source in Meudon, and the New School Association Française. In 1964, he founded the journal Education and Development which is still a current prominent French journal. He has published a number of books including: A method of free labor groups (1945), The social life of the child (1950), The new education (1950) and Do as I say (1950). He is listed as one of the 100 most famous educators, by the International Bureau of Education (IBE). Roger Cousinet Roger Cousinet (1881 in Arcueil, France – 7 April 1973 in Paris, France) was a French teacher and


title: "Jamie Foster" content: Jamie Foster Jamie Foster (born 27 July 1990) is a professional Rugby league footballer who plays for Workington Town in Betfred League 1 . His position of preference is in the s, but he has been known to convert to the or . Foster is also a recognised goalkicker. He signed from local amateur club Blackbrook Royals ARLFC. As of June 2014, Jamie now lives in Newton-Le-Willows, not far from where he grew up in Haydock, St Helens. He has played for the Huddersfield Giants in the European Super League. In the fourth round of the 2010 Challenge Cup, he


title: "William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville" content: a reduced income. Granting Bonville the stewardship, therefore, was not only seen by Courtenay as a blow to his regional hegemony but also very materially impacted on his income, as the duchy of Cornwall was a significant source of patronage to whoever held the stewardship. Martin Cherry has also identified a deeper decline in the Courtenay earls' power in Devon as a result of a shift from them towards the county's upper gentry ("among whom Bonville was pre-eminent"), which historian Hannes Kleineke has attributed to the early death of Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon in 1422. Earl Hugh's death left


title: "Justice League (Smallville)" content: Justice League (Smallville) The Justice League is a fictional group of superheroes on the television series, "Smallville", who were adapted for television by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. The Justice League originally included Oliver Queen, Bart Allen, Victor Stone, and Arthur Curry; Clark Kent did not accept a role until three seasons later. As the team continued to appear in the series, new characters were introduced and subsequently joined the team. The original Justice League first appeared in the DC comic book "The Brave and the Bold" #28 (1960), and consisted of members Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern,


title: "Great County Adit" content: steam engines pumping into it than were used by the whole of continental Europe and America combined. The Carnon River empties into Restronguet Creek (a tidal arm of the Carrick Roads upstream from Falmouth). Major floods in the winter of 1876 caused large quantities of gangue and silt to be washed into the higher part of Restronguet Creek, permanently damaging navigational access to the upper quays at Devoran. Although all the mines served by the Great County Adit have closed and it is unmaintained, it still drains many of their underground workings today; in the summer of 1980 the flow


title: "Downtown Dubai" content: Downtown Dubai Downtown Dubai, previously known as Downtown Burj Dubai, is a large-scale, mixed-use complex under development in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the home of some of the city's largest landmarks including Burj Khalifa, Dubai Mall, and Dubai Fountain. It covers an area of , at an estimated cost of US$20 billion (Dh73 billion) upon completion. The development is situated along Sheikh Zayed Road, across from Al Wasl locality on the northwest. It is bounded to the south by Business Bay and to the northeast by Financial Centre Road, which separates it from Zabeel 2 and Trade Center


title: "Monte Real Air Base" content: Monte Real Air Base Monte Real Air Base, officially designated as Air Force Base No. 5 (, BA5), is a Portuguese Air Force Military airbase located in Monte Real, Leiria, Portugal. Its mission is to guarantee the readiness and deployment of the air force units based there. Since its opening in October 1959, the base has been home to the air force's jet fighter aircraft, with several of the units based there being equipped with F-86F Sabre, Fiat G.91, T-33 Shooting Star, T-38 Talon and A-7 Corsair II aircraft. The base is currently home to two F-16 Fighting Falcon squadrons.


title: Tarpon content: Tarpon Tarpons are large air-breathing fish of the genus "Megalops"; one species is native to the Atlantic, and the other to the Indo-Pacific Seas. They are the only members of the family Megalopidae. The two species of tarpons are "Megalops atlanticus" (Atlantic tarpon) and the "Megalops cyprinoides" (Indo-Pacific tarpon). "M. atlanticus" is found on the western Atlantic coast from Virginia to Brazil, throughout the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean. Tarpons are also found along the eastern Atlantic coast from Senegal to South Angola. "M. cyprinoides" is found along the eastern African coast, throughout southeast Asia,


title: Tarpon content: Japan, Tahiti, and Australia. Both species are found in both saltwater and freshwater habitats, usually ascending rivers to access freshwater marshes. They are able to survive in brackish water, waters of varying pH, and habitats with low dissolved content due to their swim bladders, which they use primarily to breathe. They are also able to rise to the surface and take gulps of air, which gives them a short burst of energy. The habitats of tarpon vary greatly with their developmental stages. Stage-one larvae are usually found in clear, warm, oceanic waters, relatively close to the surface. Stage-two and -three


title: Tarpon content: larvae are found in salt marshes, tidal pools, creeks, and rivers. The habitats are characteristically warm, shallow, dark bodies of water with sandy mud bottoms. Tarpon commonly ascend rivers into freshwater. As they progress from the juvenile stage to adulthood, they move back to the open waters of the ocean, though many remain in freshwater habitats. Tarpons grow to about 1.23 - 2.44 meters (4–8 ft) long and weigh 27 - 127 kilograms (60–280 lbs). They have dorsal and anal soft rays and have bluish or greenish backs. Tarpons possess shiny, silvery scales that cover most of their bodies, excluding


title: Tarpon content: the head. They have large eyes with adipose eyelids and broad mouths with prominent lower jaws that jut out farther than the rest of the face. Tarpons breed offshore in warm, isolated areas. Females have high fecundity and can lay up to 12 million eggs at once. They reach sexual maturity once they are about 75–125 cm in length. Spawning usually occurs in late spring to early summer. Their three distinct levels of development usually occur in varying habitats. The first stage, the leptocephalus stage, or stage one, is completed after 20–30 days. It takes place in clear, warm oceanic


title: Tarpon content: waters, usually within 10–20 m of the surface. The leptocephalus shrinks as it develops into a larva; the most shrunken larva, stage two, develops by day 70. This is due to a negative growth phase followed by a sluggish growth phase. By day 70, the juvenile growth phase, stage three, begins and the fish begins to rapidly grow until it reaches sexual maturity. Stage-one developing" Megalops" do not forage for food, but instead absorb nutrients from seawater using integumentary absorption. Stage-two and -three juveniles feed primarily on zooplankton, but also feed on insects and small fish. As they progress in


title: Tarpon content: juvenile development, especially those developing in freshwater environments, their consumption of insects, fish, crabs, and grass shrimp increases. Adults are strictly carnivorous and feed on midwater prey; they swallow their food whole and hunt nocturnally. The main predators of "Megalops" during stage one and early stage-two development are other fish, depending on their size. Juveniles are subject to predation by other juvenile "Megalops" and piscivorous birds. They are especially vulnerable to birds when they come to the surface for air, due to the rolling manner in which they move to take in air, as well as the silver scales lining


title: Tarpon content: their sides. Adults occasionally fall prey to sharks, porpoises, crocodiles and alligators. One of the unique features of" Megalops" is the swim bladder, which functions as a respiratory pseudo-organ. This gas structure can be used for buoyancy, as an accessory respiratory organ, or both. In "Megalops", this unpaired air-holding structure arises dorsally from the posterior pharynx. "Megalops" uses the swim bladder as a respiratory organ and the respiratory surface is coated with blood capillaries with a thin epithelium over the top. This is the basis of the alveolar tissue found in the swim bladder, and is believed to be one


title: Tarpon content: of the primary methods by which" Megalops" “breathes”. These fish are obligate air breathers, and if they are not allowed to access the surface, they will die. The exchange of gas occurs at the surface through a rolling motion that is commonly associated with "Megalops" sightings. This “breathing” is believed to be mediated by visual cues, and the frequency of breathing is inversely correlated to the dissolved content of the water in which they live. "Megalops" is considered one of the great saltwater game fishes. They are prized not only because of their great size, but also because of the


title: Tarpon content: fight they put up and their spectacular leaping ability. They are bony fish and their meat is not desirable, so most are released after they are caught. Numerous tournaments around the year are focused on catching tarpon. Since tarpons are not commercially valuable as a food fish, very little has been documented concerning their geographical distribution and migrations. They inhabit both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and their range in the eastern Atlantic has been reliably established from Senegal to the Congo. Tarpons inhabiting the western Atlantic are principally found to populate warmer coastal waters primarily in the Gulf of


title: Tarpon content: Mexico, Florida, and the West Indies. Nonetheless, tarpons are regularly caught by anglers at Cape Hatteras and as far as Nova Scotia, Bermuda, and south to Argentina. Scientific studies indicate schools of tarpons have routinely migrated through the Panama Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific and back for over 70 years. However, they have not been found to breed in the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, anecdotal evidence by tarpon fishing guides and anglers would tend to validate this notion, as over the last 60 years, many small juvenile tarpons, as well as mature giants, have been caught and documented principally


title: Tarpon content: on the Pacific side of Panama at the Bayano River, the Gulf of San Miguel and its tributaries, Coiba Island in the Gulf of Chiriquí, and Piñas Bay in the Gulf of Panama. Since tarpons tolerate wide ranges in salinity throughout their lives and will eat almost anything dead or alive, their migrations seemingly are only limited by water temperatures. Tarpons prefer water temperatures of 72 to 82 °F (22 to 28 °C); below 60 °F (15.6 °C) degrees they become inactive, and temperatures under 40 °F (4.5 °C) can be lethal. Tarpon Tarpons are large air-breathing fish of the


title: "Thomas Jakl" content: diffusion for the production and application of chemical products. Link to the European initiative on Human Biomonitoring "HBM4EU": Thomas is on facebook: Thomas Jakl Thomas Jakl is the former chair of the European Chemicals Agency's (European Chemicals Agency, ECHA) Management board and is Deputy Director General of the Austrian Environment Ministry responsible for Chemicals Policy. His field of activity includes legislation on chemical substances at the national, European and UN levels. He served as ECHA's president from 2008 until September 2012. He is president of the Governing Board of the EU's Human Biomonitoring program "HBM4EU". Dr. Thomas Jakl has worked


title: "Labour standards in the World Trade Organization" content: been increasing calls for action on the labour standards issue, and requests for a "human face on the world economy". The United Nations is among those bodies which have criticised the current system, and have called for a shift to a human rights oriented approach to trade, with steps to be taken "to ensure that human rights principles and obligations are fully integrated in future negotiations in the World Trade Organization", as the "primacy of human rights law over all other regimes of international law is a basic and fundamental principle that should not be departed from". It is clear


title: "John I. Yellott" content: 1943 to 1945. During World War II he was assigned to the Manhattan Project to work on the development of atomic weapons as a consultant to the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago. After the War Yellott served as Director of Research, Locomotive Development Committee, Bituminous Coal Research from 1945 until 1955. In 1955 at age 47 after having already achieved recognition in steam, coal, gas, and nuclear energy, he switched fields—to passive solar energy. Yellott said the change resulted from "the realization that the entire world, and the United States in particular, was running out of fluid fuels,


title: "The Beast in the Cellar" content: has an interesting approach to its subject matter with it’s characterisation of the two leads and it’s attempts to humanise them as much as it can. However this is horror after all and what we have is a pretty feeble but traditional British horror flick where you don’t see the monster until the very end and when you do, you realise you’ve been had for the last hour and a half." The Beast in the Cellar The Beast in the Cellar is a 1970 British horror film written and directed by James Kelley. The film was produced by Leander Films


title: "Lafayette Leopards football" content: The first football game was hosted on October 3, with a 36–0 defeat of Gettysburg College. Ultimately, the cost of the field was $12,000. The new field was soon unable to accommodate the athletics program. Since the football, baseball, and track configurations overlapped each other due the angle of the field and the reservoir, the Athletic Association had to spend money on contractors to build and disassemble the bleachers for each season. The effort soon plunged the Alumni Advisory Committee into debt. However, the Committee devised a permanent solution: purchase the reservoir, enlarge the grounds, and build a field house.


title: "Towson Tigers football" content: Washington (12–3, 8–0 Big Sky) at Roos Field in Cheney, Washington. In a game plagued by fog and wet conditions, the Tigers emerged victorious, 35-31, in a wild shootout over the host Eagles. After the Tigers jumped out to an early 21–0 lead, the Eagles scored 31 unanswered points and knocked Towson starting quarterback Peter Athens out of the game with a shoulder injury. The Tigers would then score 14 unanswered points behind Terrance West and sophomore backup quarterback Connor Frazier to win the game and qualify for the school's first ever FCS national title game. At Toyota Stadium, The


title: Aucubin content: IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multi-step process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combined to form the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis. Current biosynthesis studies suggest that the most probable synthetic sequence from 10-hydroxygerinol to 8-"epi"-iriotrial is the following: dephosphorylation of GPP, leads to a geranyl cation that is then hydroxylated to form 10-hydroxygeraniol; 10-hydroxylgeraniol is isomerized to 10-hydroxynerol; 10-hydroxynerol is oxidized using NAD to form a trialdehyde; finally the trialdehyde undergoes a double Michael addition to yield


title: "David Homyk" content: Light Lime. He was also a contestant on the first season of Genuine Ken, as well as on the eighth season of The Bachelorette. David Homyk David Homyk (born in Canada) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. Homyk graduated with honors from The University of Virginia earning two Bachelor's degrees, one in economics and one in philosophy, and was consistently on the Dean's List. Homyk has made recordings for many well-known artists, including Beyoncé Knowles and her sister Solange. He tours and performs regularly, having shared stages with artists ranging from "American Idol's" Constantine Maroulis to the hip-hop legend


title: "John Mullan (road builder)" content: dig through hillsides (which would have meant a shorter route but taken more time). The construction crews reached Mullan Pass on July 18, 1860. The treeless summit and gradual slope to the Missouri River Canyon below signaled the end of the hardest part of the road-building effort. The only difficulty yet remaining was at Tower Rock, where the crew spent four days digging and blasting for four days. The construction crew reached the Sun River on July 28, which meant the end of grading. For the last , the crew merely had to plant mile markers. Mullan completed the Mullan


title: "Retirement spend-down" content: the likelihood that the individual will meet specified retirement goals. They model the shortfall or surplus between the individual's retirement income and expected spending needs to identify whether the individual has adequate resources to retire at a particular age. Depending on their sophistication, they may be stochastic (often incorporating Monte Carlo simulation) or deterministic. "Standard input variables" "Additional input variables that can enhance model sophistication" "Output" There are three primary approaches utilized to estimate an individual's spending needs in retirement: Market volatility can have a significant impact on both a worker's retirement preparedness and a retiree's retirement spend-down strategy. The


title: "Elsie Venner" content: Elsie Venner Elsie Venner: A Romance of Destiny is an 1861 novel by American author and physician Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. Later dubbed the first of his "medicated novels", it tells the story of a neurotic young woman whose mother was bitten by a rattlesnake while pregnant, which imbued the child with some characteristics of the reptile. The novel is narrated by an unnamed medical professor. One of his students, Bernard Langdon, had to interrupt his medical studies to earn money as a teacher, first at a public school, then at the Apollinean Female Institute. The schoolmistress of the institute


title: "Kartuli Pilmi" content: Kartuli Pilmi Georgian Film Studio ( Georgian Film; ) is one of world's oldest film studios that has produced 800 feature, made-for-TV and short films, 600 documentaries, and 300 animation movies. During Soviet times, the studio was one of the most active places for film production. Having grown organically from the merger of several film production companies that operated in the beginning of the twentieth century in Tbilisi, the studio had been renamed several times before becoming Georgian Film (Gruziya-Film in Russian) in 1953. Sitting on 9.75 hectares (24 acres) of prime land in Tbilisi, Georgian Film Studios offers several


title: "Population history of Egypt" content: the latitude where they occur. An assessment of "race" is as useless as it is impossible. Neither clines nor clusters alone suffice to deal with the biological nature of a widely distributed population. Both must be used." He also commented, "We conclude that the Egyptians have been in place since back in the Pleistocene and have been largely unaffected by either invasions or migrations. As others have noted, Egyptians are Egyptians, and they were so in the past as well." Joseph Deniker and other early anthropologists similarly noted that the overall cranial form of Ethiopid, Near Eastern Semitic and Berber


title: "Ctenucha virginica" content: Ctenucha virginica Ctenucha virginica, the Virginia ctenucha, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The wingspan ranges from . The wing color varies from black to olive-brown. The body is a metallic blue-green. The head is yellow-orange, with feathery antennae. The caterpillar (about 20–25 mm) has multiple tufts of white and yellow hair. It undergoes metamorphosis in May–August. It is endemic to eastern North America, from Newfoundland south to Virginia. According to the University of Alberta, there has been a westward expansion in the last 60 years as it has reached the Canadian rockies and is now found in all


title: "Ctenucha virginica" content: Canadian provinces. Larvae feed on a variety of host plants including various grasses, irises, and sedges. Adults drink nectar from flowers including goldenrod. Ctenucha virginica Ctenucha virginica, the Virginia ctenucha, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The wingspan ranges from . The wing color varies from black to olive-brown. The body is a metallic blue-green. The head is yellow-orange, with feathery antennae. The caterpillar (about 20–25 mm) has multiple tufts of white and yellow hair. It undergoes metamorphosis in May–August. It is endemic to eastern North America, from Newfoundland south to Virginia. According to the University of Alberta, there


title: "Jelena Janković" content: the World Group for the first time. The previous day, Janković and Ana Ivanovic had won their single matches. Janković was the defending champion at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart and Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, but lost in the quarterfinals. Seeded fourth at the inaugural Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, she advanced to the quarterfinals once again, but was defeated by Patty Schnyder. Seeded fifth at the French Open, she lost to Sorana Cîrstea of Romania in the fourth round despite serving for the match in the third set at 5–4. Janković was seeded sixth at Wimbledon. She


title: "Bill Bertka" content: Bill Bertka Bill Bertka (born August 8, 1927) is an American former National Basketball Association (NBA) assistant coach and a former NBA executive with the New Orleans Jazz. He was an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Lakers under Bill Sharman, Pat Riley and Phil Jackson among others. In 1968, the Los Angeles Lakers followed the recommendation of former West Virginia great Rod Hundley and hired him as a full-time scout. He was named the interim head coach of the Lakers on two occasions. He was 1–1 after replacing Randy Pfund in 1994 before Magic Johnson replaced him. Bertka was


title: "Michael Mulhall" content: with Archbishops Terrence Prendergast, S.J., and Bishop Nicola De Angelis, C.F.I.C. serving as co-consecrators, at St. Columbkille Cathedral. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Fiduciam habemus apud Deum", meaning, "We have confidence before God." Michael Mulhall Michael Mulhall (born February 25, 1962) is a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the eighth and current Bishop of Pembroke. One of five children, Michael Mulhall was born in Peterborough, Ontario, to Vernon and Maureen (née Hickey) Mulhall. He attended Trent University, from where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1985, and then furthered his studies in Rome


title: "2009 Indoor Cricket World Cup" content: the previous World Cup. As a result, Australia became the second nation to host the World Cup twice, having hosted the 1998 Indoor Cricket World Cup at the Glass House in Melbourne. As the national body for both traditional cricket and indoor cricket, Cricket Australia is the first unified national body to host an international indoor cricket event. Cricket Australia determined that Brisbane West Indoor Sports Centre in Darra, Brisbane would host all World Cup matches and Brisbane became the host city as a result. Cricket Australia relocated the 2009 Australian Open Indoor Cricket Championships from Campbelltown to Brisbane to


title: "2009 Indoor Cricket World Cup" content: website. A number of players, officials and spectators also provided coverage for friends and members of the public via social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Men's Division "India and Pakistan were also entered in the Men's division but were forced to withdraw just days before the commencement of the tournament due to issues entering Australia. The withdrawal was at such short notice that the tournament program still contains the team listings and player photographs for both sides, and includes the original draw featuring their matches." Women's Division The entirety of day one was a "ticketed session" in that


title: "Emilio Bacardi" content: and the relationship between him and General Wood warmed to the level of friendship, tempered by their complicated political relationship. As mayor, he was generally recognized as a competent and effective manager, succeeding on extending services and practicing good government under the military administration and later the new Cuban republic. His reputation for honesty and public service distinguished him from many of the would-be leaders who arose in the post-independence political scramble, and he eventually ran for and won a seat in the national senate in 1906. Emilio Bacardi Emilio Bacardi Moreau (1844–1922) was a Cuban industrialist, politician, and writer


title: "Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary" content: renewal with Pietism and the Deed of Tolerance issued by the emperor Joseph II in 1781 granted religious freedom and the Protestant churches were fully recognized after the restoration of the sovereignty of Hungary in 1867. The Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary consists of three dioceses, each led by a bishop: One diocesan bishop is elected to head the national church as Presiding Bishop. The highest decision making body is the Synod, which consists of all the bishops, plus representatives (both lay and ordained) from each diocese. The ELCH has an extensive educational programme. This includes seminary training for its ordination


title: "S&Z Metalworks" content: Cleveland companies such as Radiart, a producer of roof mounted television antennas and Tenna Corporation, producer of electric motors and radio assemblies. S&Z worked with Westinghouse Corporation’s Small Appliance Division in Mansfield, Ohio, providing parts for toasters, washing machines and clothes dryers. The company also provided production parts for both Westinghouse and RCA televisions. As small appliance work moved offshore in the early 1960s, the company entered the automotive market, developing a relationship with Chrysler Corporation, providing metal components for the company’s trucking and military vehicle operations. Chrysler became the company’s primary customer for nearly a decade, through the late


title: CAPWAP content: CAPWAP The Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol is a standard, interoperable networking protocol that enables a central wireless LAN "Access Controller (AC)" to manage a collection of "Wireless Termination Points (WTPs)", more commonly known as wireless access points. The protocol specification is described in RFC 5415. CAPWAP is based on Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP). The state machine of CAPWAP is similar to LWAPP's, but with the addition of a full Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) tunnel establishment. The standard provides configuration management and device management, allowing for configurations and firmware to be pushed to access


title: "Jayanti Devi Temple" content: miracle happened. Suddenly the doli turned very heavy. Neither the traditional kahars nor the king’s men could move it. At this, the bride told her father about her dream. The king, then, bowing to the desire of the divine arranged for another doli, kept the idol in it and sent the goddess with his daughter. The pujari and his family followed the goddess. The king of Hathnaur, established a temple for the Devi on a hillock in his estate. First, the girl, and later succeeding generations of the family, worshipped the deity for 200 years. At that time, a robber


title: "African wild dog" content: African wild dog The African wild dog ("Lycaon pictus"), also known as the painted hunting dog, painted wolf, African hunting dog or African painted dog, is a canid native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is the largest of its family in Africa, and the only extant member of the genus "Lycaon", which is distinguished from "Canis" by dentition highly specialised for a hypercarnivorous diet, and a lack of dewclaws. It was classified as endangered by the IUCN in 2016, as it had disappeared from much of its original range. The 2016 population was estimated at roughly 39 subpopulations containing 6,600 adults,


title: "African wild dog" content: only 1,400 of which were reproductive. The decline of these populations is ongoing, due to habitat fragmentation, human persecution and disease outbreaks. The African wild dog is a highly social animal, living in packs with separate dominance hierarchies for males and females. Uniquely among social carnivores, the females rather than the males scatter from the natal pack once sexually mature and the young are allowed to feed first on carcasses. The species is a specialised diurnal hunter of antelopes, which it catches by chasing them to exhaustion. Like other canids, it regurgitates food for its young, but this action is


title: "African wild dog" content: also extended to adults, to the point of being the bedrock of African wild dog social life. It has few natural predators, though lions are a major source of mortality and spotted hyenas are frequent kleptoparasites. Although not as prominent in African folklore or culture as other African carnivores, it has been respected in several hunter-gatherer societies, particularly those of the predynastic Egyptians and the San people. The earliest possible written reference to the species comes from Oppian, who wrote of the "thoa", a hybrid between the wolf and leopard, which resembles the former in shape and the latter in


title: "African wild dog" content: colour. Solinus's "Collectanea rerum memorabilium" from the third century AD describes a multicoloured wolf-like animal with a mane native to Ethiopia. The species was first described scientifically in 1820 by Coenraad Temminck, after having examined a specimen taken from the coast of Mozambique. He named the animal "Hyaena picta", erroneously classifying it as a species of hyena. It was later recognised as a canid by Joshua Brookes in 1827, and renamed "Lycaon tricolor". The root word of "Lycaon" is the Greek λυκαίος ("lykaios"), meaning "wolf-like". The specific epithet "pictus" (Latin for "painted"), which derived from the original "picta", was later


title: "African wild dog" content: returned to it, in conformity with the International Rules on Taxonomic Nomenclature. The English language has several names for "Lycaon pictus", including painted lycaon, African wild dog, African hunting dog, Cape hunting dog, painted dog, ornate wolf and painted wolf. The latter name is being promoted by some conservationists as a way of rebranding the species, as "wild dog" has several negative connotations that could be detrimental to its image. Nevertheless, the name "African wild dog" is still widely used. The oldest "L. pictus" fossil dates back to 200,000 years ago and was found in HaYonim Cave, Israel. The evolution


title: "African wild dog" content: of the African wild dog is poorly understood due to the scarcity of fossil finds. Some authors consider the extinct "Canis" subgenus "Xenocyon" as ancestral to both the genus "Lycaon" and the genus "Cuon", which lived throughout Eurasia and Africa from the Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene. Others propose that "Xenocyon" should be reclassified as "Lycaon". The species "Canis" ("Xenocyon") "falconeri" shared the African wild dog's absent first metacarpal (dewclaw), though its dentition was still relatively unspecialised. This connection was rejected by one author because "C". ("X".) "falconeri"'s missing metacarpal was a poor indication of phylogenetic closeness to


title: "African wild dog" content: the African wild dog and the dentition was too different to imply ancestry. Another ancestral candidate is the Plio-Pleistocene "L. sekowei" of South Africa on the basis of distinct accessory cusps on its premolars and anterior accessory cuspids on its lower premolars. These adaptions are found only in "Lycaon" among living canids, which shows the same adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet. "L. sekowei" had not yet lost the first metacarpal absent in "L. pictus" and was more robust than the modern species, having 10% larger teeth. Paleontologist George G. Simpson placed "L. pictus" in the subfamily Simocyoninae, along with "Cuon


title: "African wild dog" content: alpinus" and "Speothos venaticus", on the basis of all three species having similarly trenchant carnassials. This grouping was disputed by Juliet Clutton-Brock, who argued that, other than dentition, too few similarities exist between the three species to warrant classifying them in a single subfamily. The species' molecular genetics indicate that it is closely related to genus "Canis". Phylogenetic studies place "L. pictus" and "Cuon alpinus" into a clade of "wolf-like canids" alongside the extant members of "Canis", including "C. simensis", "C. aureus", "C. anthus", "C. latrans", "C. lupus", "C. rufus" and the more basal "C. adustus" and "C. mesomelas". In


title: "African wild dog" content: 2018, whole genome sequencing was used to compare the dhole ("Cuon alpinus") with the African hunting dog. There was strong evidence of ancient genetic admixture between the two. Today, their ranges are remote from each other, however during the Pleistocene era the dhole could be found as far west as Europe. The study proposes that the dhole's distribution may have once included the Middle East, from where it may have admixed with the African hunting dog in North Africa. However, there is no evidence of the dhole having existed in the Middle East nor North Africa. , five subspecies are


title: "African wild dog" content: recognised by MSW3: Nevertheless, although the species is genetically diverse, these subspecific designations are not universally accepted. East African and Southern African "L. pictus" populations were once thought to be genetically distinct, based on a small number of samples. More recent studies with a larger number of samples showed that extensive intermixing has occurred between East African and Southern African populations in the past. Some unique nuclear and mitochondrial alleles are found in Southern African and northeastern African populations, with a transition zone encompassing Botswana, Zimbabwe and southeastern Tanzania between the two. The West African "L. pictus" population may possess


title: "African wild dog" content: a unique haplotype, thus possibly constituting a truly distinct subspecies. The African wild dog is the bulkiest and most solidly built of African canids. The species stands in shoulder height, and weighs in East Africa and up to in southern Africa. Females are generally 3–7% smaller than males. Compared to members of the genus "Canis", the African wild dog is comparatively lean and tall, with outsized ears and lacking dewclaws. The middle two toepads are usually fused. Its dentition also differs from that of "Canis" by the degeneration of the last lower molar, the narrowness of the canines and proportionately


title: "African wild dog" content: large premolars, which are the largest relative to body size of any carnivore other than hyenas. The heel of the lower carnassial M1 is crested with a single, blade-like cusp, which enhances the shearing capacity of the teeth, thus the speed at which prey can be consumed. This feature, termed "trenchant heel", is shared with two other canids: the Asian dhole and the South American bush dog. The skull is relatively shorter and broader than those of other canids. The fur of the African wild dog differs significantly from that of other canids, consisting entirely of stiff bristle-hairs with no


title: "African wild dog" content: underfur. It gradually loses its fur as it ages, with older specimens being almost naked. Colour variation is extreme, and may serve in visual identification, as African wild dogs can recognise each other at distances of 50–100 m. Some geographic variation is seen in coat colour, with northeastern African specimens tending to be predominantly black with small white and yellow patches, while southern African ones are more brightly coloured, sporting a mix of brown, black and white coats. Much of the species' coat patterning occurs on the trunk and legs. Little variation in facial markings occurs, with the muzzle being


title: "African wild dog" content: black, gradually shading into brown on the cheeks and forehead. A black line extends up the forehead, turning blackish-brown on the back of the ears. A few specimens sport a brown teardrop-shaped mark below the eyes. The back of the head and neck are either brown or yellow. A white patch occasionally occurs behind the fore legs, with some specimens having completely white fore legs, chests and throats. The tail is usually white at the tip, black in the middle and brown at the base. Some specimens lack the white tip entirely, or may have black fur below the white


title: "African wild dog" content: tip. These coat patterns can be asymmetrical, with the left side of the body often having different markings from that of the right. The African wild dog has very strong social bonds, stronger than those of sympatric lions and spotted hyenas; thus, solitary living and hunting are extremely rare in the species. It lives in permanent packs consisting of two to 27 adults and yearling pups. The typical pack size in Kruger National Park and the Masai Mara is four or five adults, while packs in Moremi and Selous contain eight or nine. However, larger packs have been observed and


title: "African wild dog" content: temporary aggregations of hundreds of individuals may have gathered in response to the seasonal migration of vast springbok herds in Southern Africa. Males and females have separate dominance hierarchies, with the latter usually being led by the oldest female. Males may be led by the oldest male, but these can be supplanted by younger specimens; thus, some packs may contain elderly former male pack leaders. The dominant pair typically monopolises breeding. The species differs from most other social species in that males remain in the natal pack, while females disperse (a pattern also found in primates such as gorillas, chimpanzees,


title: "African wild dog" content: and red colobuses). Furthermore, males in any given pack tend to outnumber females 3:1. Dispersing females join other packs and evict some of the resident females related to the other pack members, thus preventing inbreeding and allowing the evicted individuals to find new packs of their own and breed. Males rarely disperse, and when they do, they are invariably rejected by other packs already containing males. Although arguably the most social canid, the species lacks the elaborate facial expressions and body language found in the gray wolf, likely because of the African wild dog's less hierarchical social structure. Furthermore, while


title: "African wild dog" content: elaborate facial expressions are important for wolves in re-establishing bonds after long periods of separation from their family groups, they are not as necessary to African wild dogs, which remain together for much longer periods. African wild dog populations in East Africa appear to have no fixed breeding season, whereas those in Southern Africa usually breed during the April–July period. During estrus, the female is closely accompanied by a single male, which keeps other members of the same sex at bay. The copulatory tie characteristic of mating in most canids has been reported to be absent or very brief (less


title: "African wild dog" content: than one minute) in "L. pictus", possibly an adaptation to the prevalence of larger predators in its environment. The gestation period lasts 69–73 days, with the interval between each pregnancy being 12–14 months typically. The African wild dog produces more pups than any other canid, with litters containing around six to 16 pups, with an average of 10, thus indicating that a single female can produce enough young to form a new pack every year. Because the amount of food necessary to feed more than two litters would be impossible to acquire by the average pack, breeding is strictly limited


title: "African wild dog" content: to the dominant female, which may kill the pups of subordinates. After giving birth, the mother stays close to the pups in the den, while the rest of the pack hunts. She typically drives away pack members approaching the pups until the latter are old enough to eat solid food at three to four weeks of age. The pups leave the den around the age of three weeks and are suckled outside. The pups are weaned at the age of five weeks, when they are fed regurgitated meat by the other pack members. By seven weeks, the pups begin to


title: "African wild dog" content: take on an adult appearance, with noticeable lengthening in the legs, muzzle, and ears. Once the pups reach the age of eight to 10 weeks, the pack abandons the den and the young follow the adults during hunts. The youngest pack members are permitted to eat first on kills, a privilege which ends once they become yearlings. African wild dog populations in the Okavango Delta have been observed "rallying" before they set out to hunt. Not every rally results in a departure, but departure becomes more likely when more individual dogs "sneeze". These sneezes are characterized by a short, sharp


title: "African wild dog" content: exhale through the nostrils. When members of dominant mating pairs sneeze first, the group is much more likely to depart. If a dominant dog initiates, around three sneezes guarantee departure. When less dominant dogs sneeze first, if enough others also sneeze (about 10), then the group will go hunting. Researchers assert that wild dogs in Botswana, "use a specific vocalization (the sneeze) along with a variable quorum response mechanism in the decision-making process [to go hunting at a particular moment]". Because "L. pictus" largely exists in fragmented, small populations, its existence is endangered. Inbreeding avoidance by mate selection is characteristic


title: "African wild dog" content: of the species and has important potential consequences for population persistence. Inbreeding is rare within natal packs. Inbreeding is likely avoided because it leads to the expression of recessive deleterious alleles. Computer-population simulations indicate that all populations continuing to avoid incestuous mating will become extinct within 100 years due to the unavailability of unrelated mates. Thus, the impact of reduced numbers of suitable unrelated mates will likely have a severe demographic impact on the future viability of small wild dog populations. The African wild dog is a specialised pack hunter of common medium-sized antelopes. It and the cheetah are the


title: "African wild dog" content: only primarily diurnal African large predators. "L. pictus" hunts by approaching prey silently, then chasing it in a pursuit clocking at up to for 10 to 60 minutes. The average chase typically only goes as far as 2 km, during which time the prey animal, if large, is repeatedly bitten on the legs, belly, and rump until it stops running, while smaller prey is simply pulled down and torn apart. "L. pictus" hunting strategies differ according to prey, with wildebeest being rushed at to panic the herd and isolate a vulnerable individual, whereas territorial antelope species, which defend themselves by


title: "African wild dog" content: running in wide circles, are captured by cutting off their escape routes. Medium-sized prey is often killed in 2–5 minutes, whereas larger prey such as wildebeest may take half an hour to pull down. Male wild dogs usually perform the task of grabbing dangerous prey, such as warthogs, by the nose. Small prey such as rodents, hares and birds are hunted singly, with dangerous prey such as cane rats and porcupines being killed with a quick and well-placed bite to avoid injury. Small prey is eaten entirely, while large animals are stripped of their meat and organs, with the skin,


title: "African wild dog" content: head, and skeleton left intact. The African wild dog is a fast eater, with a pack being able to consume a Thomson's gazelle in 15 minutes. In the wild, the species' consumption rate is of 1.2–5.9 kg per African wild dog a day, with one pack of 17–43 specimens in East Africa having been recorded to kill three animals per day on average. Unlike most social predators, it will regurgitate food for adult as well as young family members. Pups old enough to eat solid food are given first priority at kills, eating even before the dominant pair; subordinate adult


title: "African wild dog" content: dogs help feed and protect the pups. The African wild dog is a highly successful hunter. Hunting success varies with prey type, vegetation cover and pack size, but African wild dogs tend to be very successful, often with greater than 60% of their chases ending in a kill, sometimes up to 90%. This is much higher than lion (27-30%) and hyena (25-30%) success rates tend to be, but African wild dogs commonly lose their successful kills to these two large predators. The African wild dog is mostly found in savanna and arid zones, generally avoiding forested areas. This preference is


title: "African wild dog" content: likely linked to the animal's hunting habits, which require open areas that do not obstruct vision or impede pursuit. Nevertheless, it will travel through scrub, woodland and montane areas in pursuit of prey. Forest-dwelling populations of African wild dogs have been identified, including one in the Harenna Forest, a wet montane forest up to 2400 m in altitude in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. At least one record exists of a pack being sighted on the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. In Zimbabwe, the species has been recorded at altitudes of 1,800 m. In Ethiopia, this species has been found at


title: "African wild dog" content: great altitudes; several live wild dog packs have been sighted at altitudes of from 1,900 to 2,800 m, and a dead individual was found in June 1995 at 4,050 m on the Sanetti Plateau. In East Africa, its most common prey is Thomson's gazelle, while in Central and Southern Africa, it targets impala, reedbuck, kob, lechwe and springbok. Its diet is not restricted to these animals, though, as it also hunts wildebeest, warthog, oribi, duiker, waterbuck, Grant's gazelle, zebra, bushbuck, ostrich, African buffalo (especially calves) and smaller prey such as dik-dik, hares, spring hares, insects and cane rats. Certain packs


title: "African wild dog" content: in the Serengeti specialized in hunting zebras in preference to other prey. One pack was recorded to occasionally prey on bat-eared foxes, rolling on the carcasses before eating them. African wild dogs rarely scavenge, but have on occasion been observed to appropriate carcasses from spotted hyenas, leopards, cheetahs and lions, as well as animals caught in snares. Lions dominate African wild dogs and are a major source of mortality for both adults and pups. Population densities of African wild dogs are low in areas where lions are more abundant. One pack reintroduced into Etosha National Park was destroyed by lions.


title: "African wild dog" content: A population crash in lions in the Ngorongoro Crater during the 1960s resulted in an increase in African wild dog sightings, only for their numbers to decline once the lions recovered. However, a few cases have been reported of old and wounded lions falling prey to African wild dogs. On occasion, packs of wild dogs have been observed defending pack members attacked by single lions, sometimes successfully. One pack in the Okavango in March 2016 was photographed by safari guides waging "an incredible fight" against a lioness that attacked a subadult dog at an impala kill, which forced the lioness


title: "African wild dog" content: to retreat, although the subadult dog died. Naturalists John McNutt and Lesley Bogg McNutt, founders of the Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, observed a pack of four wild dogs furiously defend an old adult male dog from a male lion that attacked it at a kill; the dog survived and rejoined the pack. Spotted hyenas are important kleptoparasites and follow packs of African wild dogs to appropriate their kills. They typically inspect areas where African wild dogs have rested and eat any food remains they find. When approaching African wild dogs at a kill, solitary hyenas approach cautiously and attempt to


title: "African wild dog" content: take off with a piece of meat unnoticed, though they may be mobbed in the attempt. When operating in groups, spotted hyenas are more successful in pirating African wild dog kills, though the latter's greater tendency to assist each other puts them at an advantage against spotted hyenas, which rarely work in unison. Cases of African wild dogs scavenging from spotted hyenas are rare. Although African wild dog packs can easily repel solitary hyenas, on the whole, the relationship between the two species is a one-sided benefit for the hyenas, with African wild dog densities being negatively correlated with high


title: "African wild dog" content: hyena populations. African wild dogs once ranged from the desert and mountainous areas of much of sub-Saharan Africa, being absent in the driest desert regions and lowland forests. The species has been largely exterminated in North and West Africa, and has been greatly reduced in number in Central Africa and northeast Africa. The majority of the species' population now occurs in Southern Africa and southern East Africa. The species is very rare in North Africa, and whatever populations remain may be of high conservation value, as they are likely to be genetically distinct from other "L. pictus" populations. The species


title: "African wild dog" content: is faring poorly in most of West Africa, with the only potentially viable population occurring in Senegal's Niokolo-Koba National Park. African wild dogs are occasionally sighted in other parts of Senegal, as well as in Guinea and Mali. The species is doing poorly in Central Africa, being extinct in Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo. The only viable populations occur in the Central African Republic, Chad and especially Cameroon. "L. pictus"'s range in East Africa is patchy, having been eradicated in Uganda and much of Kenya. A small population occupies an area encompassing southern Ethiopia,


title: "African wild dog" content: South Sudan, northern Kenya and probably northern Uganda. The species may still occur in small numbers in southern Somalia and it is almost certainly extinct in Rwanda, Burundi and Eritrea. Nevertheless, it remains somewhat numerous in southern Tanzania, particularly in the Selous Game Reserve and Mikumi National Park, both of which are occupied by what could be Africa's largest "L. pictus" population. Southern Africa contains numerous viable "L. pictus" populations, one of which encompasses northern Botswana, northeastern Namibia and western Zimbabwe. In South Africa, around 400 specimens occur in the country's Kruger National Park. Zambia holds two large populations, one


title: "African wild dog" content: in Kafue National Park and another in the Luangwa Valley. However, the species is rare in Malawi and probably extinct in Angola and Mozambique. Artistic depictions of African wild dogs are prominent on cosmetic palettes and other objects from Egypt's predynastic period, likely symbolising order over chaos, as well as the transition between the wild (represented by the African golden wolf) and the domestic (represented by the dog). Predynastic hunters may have also identified with the African wild dog, as the Hunters Palette shows them wearing the animals' tails on their belts. By the dynastic period, African wild dog illustrations


title: "African wild dog" content: became much less represented, and the animal's symbolic role was largely taken over by the wolf. According to Enno Littmann, the people of Ethiopia's Tigray Region believed that injuring a wild dog with a spear would result in the animal dipping its tail in its wounds and flicking the blood at its assailant, causing instant death. For this reason, Tigrean shepherds would repel wild dog attacks with pebbles rather than with edged weapons. The African wild dog also plays a prominent role in the mythology of Southern Africa's San people. In one story, the wild dog is indirectly linked to