title: "Ewe people" content: south and east of the Volta River to around the Mono River at Togo and Benin border. They are particularly found in Volta Region in southeastern Ghana (formerly British Togoland), southern Togo (formerly French Togoland), and in southwestern parts of Benin. The Ewe region is sometimes referred to as the Ewe nation or "Eʋedukɔ́" region (Togoland in colonial literature). They consist of four groups based on their dialect and geographic concentration: the Anlo Ewe, the Mina, Anechɔ, Ʋedome(Danyi), Tongu or Tɔŋu. The literary language has been the Anlo sub-branch. The ancient history of the Ewe people is not recorded. But


title: "Tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound" content: earliest accounts of the tetrahedral intermediate came from Rainer Ludwig Claisen in 1887. In the reaction of benzyl benzoate with sodium methoxide, and methyl benzoate with sodium benzyloxide, he observed a white precipitate which under acidic conditions yields benzyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, methanol, and benzyl alcohol. He named the likely common intermediate “additionelle Verbindung.” Victor Grignard assumed the existence of unstable tetrahedral intermediate in 1901, while investigating the reaction of esters with organomagnesium reagents. The first evidence for tetrahedral intermediates in the substitution reactions of carboxylic derivatives was provided by Myron L. Bender in 1951. He labeled carboxylic acid derivatives


title: "In the Deathroom" content: wanted to write one with a happier ending, however unreal that might be. And here it is." Fletcher, a former reporter from "The New York Times", has been captured by members of a South American dictatorship. The story begins as he is brought into the titular "deathroom" for interrogation about an allegedly communist insurgency, which he has been supporting due to the government's killing of a group of nuns which included his sister. Fletcher realizes that his captors, despite their promises to the contrary, will not let him leave the room alive. During the course of his interrogation, Fletcher manages


title: Tawau content: the two parliamentary constituencies in the district: Tawau ("P.190") and Kalabakan ("P.191"). The area is represented by six members of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly representing the districts of: Balung; Apas; Sri Tanjung; Merotai; Tanjung Batu; and Sebatik. The town is administered by the Tawau Municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Tawau). , the President of Tawau Municipal Council is Alijus Sipil. The area under the jurisdiction of the Tawau District is the town area, surrounding populated area, of rural land and of adjacent sea area. Today, Tawau is one of the six districts involved in the eastern Sabah sea curfew that


title: "Book of Divine Worship" content: Book of Divine Worship The Book of Divine Worship (BDW) was an adaptation of the American "Book of Common Prayer" (BCP) by the Roman Catholic Church. It was used primarily by former members of the Episcopal Church within Anglican Use parishes of the Pastoral Provision and the Personal Ordinariates. It has been replaced by a new book to be used worldwide, titled "". Along with the ordination of married former Episcopal priests, the Pastoral Provision of 1980 permitted the establishment of Anglican Use parishes in the United States and created a special missal using liturgical elements from the Anglican tradition.


title: "City-Hochhaus Leipzig" content: City-Hochhaus Leipzig City-Hochhaus is 36-storey skyscraper in Leipzig, Germany. At , it is the tallest multistory building in Leipzig. The tower was designed by architect Hermann Henselmann in the shape of an open book, and built between 1968 and 1972. It followed Henselmann's idea to cap central places in cities with a prominent tower, such as the Jen-Tower in Jena and Fernsehturm in Berlin. City-Hochhaus was originally part of the University of Leipzig campus at Augustusplatz, was sold by the state government of Saxony and is now owned by the U.S. investment bank Merrill Lynch. The building was completely renovated


title: "City-Hochhaus Leipzig" content: between 1999 and 2002, when it lost its aluminium sheathing which was replaced by grey granite. The offices are now rented to private tenants including the public broadcaster MDR, the European Energy Exchange and the Panorama restaurant. The roof is equipped with a viewing platform. The building is nicknamed "Weisheitszahn" () by locals as due to its form or after its previous function as "Uniriese" (). City-Hochhaus Leipzig City-Hochhaus is 36-storey skyscraper in Leipzig, Germany. At , it is the tallest multistory building in Leipzig. The tower was designed by architect Hermann Henselmann in the shape of an open book,


title: "Thomas Anthony Dooley III" content: during his tour of duty submitted a lengthy report to the U.S. Information Agency holding that "Deliver Us from Evil" was "not the truth" and that the accounts of Viet Minh atrocities were "nonfactual and exaggerated." The government kept the report classified for nearly thirty years, however. James Fisher allows that the U.S. Information Agency report was "valid," but he also argues it "must be viewed with some suspicion" because they were preparing to "discredit Dooley" as "an insurance policy against a renewed outbreak of anti-internationalism." Dooley's book featured exceptionally gory tales of religious persecution. The doctor claimed the Viet


title: Guanabacoa content: was also a WIZO branch. Records of the founding of the community are missing. The Guanabacoa community apparently was business-oriented, and basing a community upon businesses is problematic. Even during the 1950s the Jewish community in Guanabacoa was in decline. It was one of the early casualties of emigration after the Castro Revolution. Three personalities of Cuban music were born in this town: Ernesto Lecuona, Rita Montaner, and Ignacio Villa (Bola de Nieve). Four Major League Baseball players were also born here: Emilio Palmero (1895), Tony Ordeñana (1918), Rene Valdez (1929), and Evelio Hernández (1931), as well as the television


title: "New York State Route 25A" content: and carries NY 25A over the Roslyn Viaduct. The old and new routes converge east of the viaduct, and Northern Boulevard heads northeastward through Greenvale where it intersects with Glen Cove Road. In Brookville, NY 25A passes the New York Institute of Technology and the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University before intersecting with NY 107. Past this point, the route slowly curves back to the east ahead of a junction with NY 106 south of East Norwich. NY 25A's run as a four-lane road ends here, and the route becomes a simple two-lane country road. It briefly reverts


title: "Huxley family" content: is director of the Policy Foresight Programme of the "James Martin Institute for Science and Civilization" at the University of Oxford. He has been the recipient, between 1990 and 2006, of 23 honorary doctorates. He is the president of the UK charity Tree Aid, which enables communities in Africa's drylands to fight poverty and become self-reliant, while improving the environment. He has many interests, including climate change, population issues, conservation of biodiversity and the early history of the Earth. His son, Oliver Tickell, is a journalist, author and campaigner on environmental issues. Rachel Huxley, the fifth of T.H. Huxley's children,


title: "Huxley family" content: mental illness in the Huxley family. T.H. Huxley's father became "sunk in worse than childish imbecility of mind", and later died in Barming Asylum; brother George suffered from "extreme mental anxiety" and died in 1863 leaving serious debts. Brother James was at 55 "as near mad as any sane man can be". His favourite daughter, the artistically talented Mady (Marion), who became the first wife of artist John Collier, was troubled by mental illness for years. By her mid-twenties it was becoming clear that she was not sane, and was getting steadily worse (the diagnosis is uncertain). Huxley persuaded Jean-Martin


title: "King-Size Homer" content: King-Size Homer "King-Size Homer" is the seventh episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> seventh season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 5, 1995. In the episode, Homer despises the nuclear plant's new exercise program, and decides to gain in order to claim a disability and work at home. The episode was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Jim Reardon. Joan Kenley makes her second of three guest appearances on "The Simpsons" in the episode as the voice of the telephone lady. It features cultural references to the world's heaviest twins, the 1993 film "What's


title: "Austin A35" content: suppliers. A model of an A35 van features in the 2005 Aardman Animations movie, "", and another was seen in "A Matter of Loaf and Death". In 2009, as part of the show put on in the exhibition "Wallace & Gromit present a World of Cracking Ideas" at the Science Museum in London, a real A35 van was mocked up to look like the model used in the film. A 1959 4-door model was used as Beauregard's taxi in the 1981 Muppet movie, "The Great Muppet Caper". Former politician, the right honourable Ann Widdecombe, has appeared in two BBC television


title: Eelam content: refer to the caste or function of toddy-drawers, drawn from the Dravidian word for palm tree toddy, "Eelam". From the 19th century onwards, sources appeared in South India regarding a legendary origin for caste of toddy drawers known as "Eelavar" in the state of Kerala. These legends stated that "Eelavar" were originally from Eelam. The consciousness of the South Indian Eelavar caste being of Sri Lankan origin is not older than 150–200 years. Not only are the words "Eezham, Eelam, Cilam, Chilam, Cheralam, Eelavar, Eela, I'la, E'lu, He'la, Seeha'la, Simha'la," "Sinhala," Greek "Salai" and "Seiladiba", the Arab "Serendib", Portuguese "Ceilão"


title: Kymograph content: which are found on secondary apparatus. Kymograph A kymograph (from Greek κῦμα, swell or wave + γραφή, writing; also called a kymographion) is a device that draws a graphical representation of spatial position over time in which a spatial axis represents time. It basically consists of a revolving drum wrapped with a sheet of paper on which a stylus moves back and forth recording perceived changes of phenomena such as motion or pressure. The kymograph was initially a mechanical and hydraulic device, invented by German physiologist Carl Ludwig in the 1840s, and found its first use as a means to


title: "Remembering the Kanji and Remembering the Hanzi" content: requires the student to invent their own stories to associate the keyword meaning with the written form. The text presents detailed stories in Part I, proceeding through Part II with less verbose stories. This is to encourage the student to use the stories as practice for creating their own. After the 508 kanji in Parts I and II, the remainder of the kanji in Part III have the component keywords but no stories. However, in cases where the reader may be easily confused or for difficult kanji, Heisig often provides a small story or hint. All the kanji are analysed


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: Ciudad Mitad del Mundo The Ciudad Mitad del Mundo (, "Middle of the World City") is a tract of land owned by the prefecture of the province of Pichincha, Ecuador. It is located at San Antonio parish of the canton of Quito, 26 km north of the center of Quito. The grounds contain the Monument to the Equator, which highlights the exact location of the Equator (from which the country takes its name) and commemorates the eighteenth century Franco-Spanish Geodesic Mission which fixed its approximate location; they also contain the Museo Etnográfico Mitad del Mundo, Ethnographic Museum Middle of the


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: Earth, a museum about the indigenous people ethnography of Ecuador. The 30-meter-tall monument was constructed between 1979 and 1982 by Pichincha's Province Council to replace an older, smaller monument built by the Government of Ecuador under the direction of the geographer Luis Tufiño in 1936. It is made of iron and concrete and covered with cut and polished andesite stone. The monument was built to commemorate the first Geodesic Mission of the French Academy of Sciences, led by Louis Godin, Pierre Bouguer and Charles Marie de La Condamine, who, in the year 1736, conducted experiments to test the flattening at


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: the poles of the characteristic shape of the Earth, by comparing the distance between a degree meridian in the equatorial zone to another level measured in Sweden. The older monument was moved 7 km to a small town near there called Calacalí. The UNASUR headquarters is currently under construction. Contrary to popular belief, there are only two points of interest positioned exactly on the equator: the Catequilla archaeological site, and the Quitsato Sundial. The placement of the equatorial line was defined throughout a 1736 expedition called the French Geodesic Mission . While such studies would later determine the exact measure


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: and shape of the world, astronomers involved missed the possibility of encountering the remnants of highly sophisticated geographical achievements made on “Equatorial” territory for hundreds of years before their arrival. Throughout the time the astronomers attempted to measure a length of a degree of latitude on that part of the planet, a group of different sorts of ruins (built by the Quitu-Cara culture) were found nearby the territory where they thought the Equatorial line passed through. Years after that, it was brought to light that the "Geodesic Mission" had been wrong about the exact coordinates where the line passed through—the


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: measurements had indeed proved the world was oblate and not elongated (egg-shaped) at the poles, but their studies to define the placement of the equator were incorrect by 240 meters. The Catequilla ruins found throughout the expedition between 1735-1745 were actually situated at latitude 0 (), or the exact position where the Equatorial line crosses. In 1935, the Ecuadorean Government built a ten-meter high monument to honor the French expedition under the guidance of local geographer Luis Gudiño. In 1972, such monument was replaced by a thirty-meter high monument titled “Ciudad Mitad del Mundo” (Middle of the World City), regardless


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: of the inexact coordinates (which by then could be measured through GPS.) Based on data obtained by Tufiño, it was believed that the equator passed through those two sites. However, according to readings based on the World Geodetic System WGS84, used in modern GPS systems and GIS products, the equator actually lies about 240 meters north of the marked line. Over the years, countless tourists have had their pictures taken straddling the line drawn down the center of the east-facing staircase and across the plaza. The pyramidal monument, with each side facing a cardinal direction is topped by a globe


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: which is 4.5 meters in diameter and weighs 5 tons. Inside the monument is a small museum that displays a variety of indigenous items pertaining to Ecuadorian culture: clothing, descriptions of the various ethnic groups, and examples of their activities. Ciudad Mitad del Mundo contains other attractions such as a planetarium, a miniature model of Quito, and restaurants. On weekends, Ciudad Mitad del Mundo's Central Plaza hosts varied musical and cultural events for tourists. Also, there are diverse local handcraft stores and local food served at several cafés along a colonial small town. 200m northeast of the Ethnographic Museum Monument


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: is a local private attraction, known as the Intiñan Solar Museum, reportedly built to mark the Equator, although modern measurements suggest that it no longer does. Except for the exhibitions of Ecuadoran culture, the museum is an amusement for credulous tourists. Tour guides and visitors demonstrate tricks which are supposedly possible only on the Equator, such as water flowing both counter-clockwise and clockwise down a drain due to Coriolis effect, balancing eggs on end, or weakening of muscles due to latitude. They even ask tourists for using the SAD69 Datum. This datum was imprecise and should be considered outdated. Some


title: "Ciudad Mitad del Mundo" content: inaccurate GPS readings are due to using civilian GPS instead of military GPS. The truth, which some tour guides will admit, is that latitude has no measurable influence on these tricks; they are unrelated to the proximity of the equator. Ciudad Mitad del Mundo The Ciudad Mitad del Mundo (, "Middle of the World City") is a tract of land owned by the prefecture of the province of Pichincha, Ecuador. It is located at San Antonio parish of the canton of Quito, 26 km north of the center of Quito. The grounds contain the Monument to the Equator, which highlights


title: "Tottington, Greater Manchester" content: Tottington, Greater Manchester Tottington is a small town between Bury and Ramsbottom on the edge of the West Pennine Moors. The areas old Town hall is still in existence and where Tottington Library is based, now known as Tottington Hall. Since 1974 it has been part of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, Tottington's early history is marked by its status as a medieval fee, a type of royal manor which encompassed several townships. It stretched from Musbury and Cowpe with Lench in the north to Affetside in the west and Walshaw in the


title: "Brian Statham" content: in all matches at 31.60). He extended the record to 242 wickets but returned to England while Trueman went on to New Zealand, where he broke the record only two months after Statham, who now began to fade out of Test cricket. In 1963, Statham's county form on over-grassed pitches was back to something close to his best but, on the less grassy surface of Old Trafford in the first Test against the West Indies, his bowling lacked its old venom. He was surprisingly replaced by the veteran seamer Derek Shackleton for the rest of the series. This move was


title: "Brian Statham" content: high note with a first innings return of six for 34 in that match, Yorkshire being all out for a mere 61. He took one for 50 in the second innings and the last wicket of his career was that of Phil Sharpe, who was lbw for 20. The match ended in a draw. Statham retired several weeks before the end of the season so his tally of 68 wickets was low, by his standards, for that reason. Apart from his debut season 1950 when he played in only fifteen matches, he was active through seventeen seasons before 1968 and


title: "Maidstone East railway station" content: side served a corn mill. In 1939, this siding was electrified to provide berthing siding for electric multiple units. In 1882, the Midland Railway opened a coal depot at the station. Their successor, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway sold the depot in 1934, although it continued to be used for that purpose. Freight services at the station were withdrawn on 13 September 1965. A small locomotive depot was located on the up side. It closed in 1933. On 2 August 2015, a fire damaged some of the station buildings. Part of the main goods yard was formerly a Royal


title: "Tudor conquest of Ireland" content: In 1495 laws were passed during Poynings' parliament that imposed English statute law wholesale upon the lordship and compromised the independence of the Irish parliament. The head of the Kildare FitzGeralds held the position of lord deputy until 1534. The problem was that the House of Kildare had become unreliable for the English monarch, scheming with Yorkist pretenders to the English throne, signing private treaties with foreign powers, and finally rebelling after the head of its hereditary rivals, the Butlers of Ormonde, was awarded the position of Lord Deputy. The Reformation also led to growing tension between England and Ireland


title: "University of Benin (Nigeria)" content: degree for physicians and surgeons. The College of Medical Sciences is made of three Schools and an Institute, namely The School of Medicine was established in 1973, then Faculty of Medicine to Medicine to run a 6-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) full-time degree program. The first Dean of the School was Professor T. Belo-Osagie. He was Dean from 1973-1975. With the exit ofProfessor T. Belo-Osagie, Professor K. Diete-Koki became the Dean of the School. Since then, the School has had various Deans and Heads of Departments in the last 30 years. The immediate past Dean of


title: "Battle of Camas Creek" content: Stanton G. Fisher, and the Bannocks explored ahead. Howard followed slowly, so slowly that Buffalo Head and many of the Bannocks quit the army in disgust and went home and Fisher commented, "Uncle Sam's boys are too slow for this business." After learning that the Nez Perce had crossed into the wilderness of Yellowstone National Park, Howard called a halt to the chase and rested for several days at Henrys Lake. Howard's troops were tired, having marched for 26 days averaging 20 miles a day. The Nez Perce, burdened with wounded, women, children, and elderly had gone faster and further


title: "William Wells Brown" content: credit goes to either Harriet Wilson's "Our Nig" (1859) or Julia C. Collins' "The Curse of Caste; or The Slave Bride" (1865). Most scholars agree that Brown is the first published African-American playwright. Brown wrote two plays after his return to the US: "Experience; or, How to Give a Northern Man a Backbone" (1856, unpublished and no longer extant) and "The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom" (1858). He read the latter aloud at abolitionist meetings in lieu of the typical lecture. Brown continually struggled with how to represent slavery "as it was" to his audiences. For instance, in an


title: "Beer in England" content: muste haue these properties, it muste be fresshe and cleare, it muste not be ropy, nor smoky, nor it must haue no wefte nor tayle. Ale shulde not be dronke vnder.v.[5] dayes olde ... Barly malte maketh better ale than Oten malte or any other corne doth ... Beere is made of malte, of hoppes, and water; it is a naturall drynke for a doche [Dutch] man, and nowe of late dayes [recently] it is moche vsed in Englande to the detryment of many Englysshe men ... for the drynke is a colde drynke. Yet it doth make a man


title: "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's sprint" content: races to eliminate the need for a third. The final classification was Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's sprint The women's sprint event in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics consisted of a series of head-to-head matches in which cyclists made three laps around the track. Only the time for the last 200 metres of the 750 metres covered was counted as official time. Each cyclist covered the course individually in the qualifying round. The times were used to seed the twelve riders for the 1/8 finals. The twelve cyclists competed in six matches of two cyclists each.


title: "MG F / MG TF" content: cars a year. Experts from the Longbridge factory were involved in building the new TFs in Nanjing. In August 2008, more than three years after the facility had closed due to the bankruptcy of MG Rover, assembly of a lightly revised MG TF model for the European market, from Chinese built complete knock down (CKD) kits, was started by NAC MG UK at Longbridge. The first TF model to be produced by NAC MG UK was the TF LE500. As the name suggests, this was a limited edition of five hundred cars each individually numbered. The better suspension set-up and


title: "Battle of Dumlupınar" content: (either I Corps to the south or III Corps to the north). Hatzianestis, despite reports indicating the opposite, believed that the Greek front-lines were sufficiently strong to withstand any Turkish attack for enough time that the B' Corps would launch its own flanking counterattack, on the flanks of the attacking Turkish armies. Prior to the Turkish offensive Greek intelligence had revealed the Turkish preparations, but it failed to estimate correctly the size of the Turkish formations and the exact date of the Turkish attack. When the Turkish attack opened Greek reinforcements were still underway to the front. The Turkish attack


title: "Halmstads BK" content: 1936 after ending up second last, the club would have been able to stay if they had won over IK Sleipner in the last game, however the team lost with 2–4. The club was able to return to Division 1 in 1937, but a defeat against top competitor Helsingborgs IF saw them come in 2nd, former English professional player Harry Bruce became the first non-Swedish manager for the club. 1938 was a middle year for Halmstads BK as they ended up in 6th position at the end of the season, English club Sheffield United played a friendly against the club


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: Silver Jubilee Bridge The Silver Jubilee Bridge crosses the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal at Runcorn Gap between Runcorn and Widnes in Halton, England. It is a through arch bridge with a main arch span of 361 yards (330 m). It was opened in 1961 as a replacement for the Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge, and was initially known simply as the Runcorn Bridge or Runcorn–Widnes Bridge. In 1975–77 the carriageway was widened, after which the bridge was given its official name in honour of the Queen's Silver Jubilee. It carries the A533 road and a cantilevered footway. The bridge


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Until 1868, when Runcorn Railway Bridge was opened, the only means of crossing the Mersey at or near Runcorn Gap were by fording or by ferry, with the lowest crossing of the river being the road bridge at Warrington. The first bridge to carry vehicular traffic across Runcorn Gap was the Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge which opened in 1905. This was an inefficient means of transport and it had become inadequate for the amount of traffic using it before the outbreak of the Second World


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: War. In 1946 the Ministry of Transport agreed that the transporter bridge should be replaced when sufficient funds were available. Mott, Hay and Anderson were appointed as consultant engineers. The new bridge had to allow the passage of shipping along the Manchester Ship Canal. Many ideas were considered, including a new transporter bridge or a swing bridge. These were considered to be impractical and it was decided that the best solution was a high-level bridge upstream from the railway bridge. This would allow the least obstruction to shipping and would also be at the narrowest crossing point. The first plan


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: for a high-level bridge was a truss bridge with three or five spans, giving an dual carriageway with a cycle track and footpaths. This was abandoned because it was too expensive, and because one of the piers would be too close to the wall of the ship canal. The next idea was for a suspension bridge with a span of between the main towers with an single carriageway and a footpath. However aerodynamic tests on models of the bridge showed that, while the bridge itself would be stable, the presence of the adjacent railway bridge would cause severe oscillation. The


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: finally accepted design was for a steel through arch bridge with a single carriageway. The design of the bridge is similar to that of Sydney Harbour Bridge but differs from it in that the side spans are continuous with the main span rather than being separate from them. This design feature was necessary to avoid the problem of oscillation due to the railway bridge. The main span measures and each side span is . Construction began on 25 April 1956. The contractors for the first phase of work, Leonard Fairclough of Adlington, cleared the ground and constructed the foundations for


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: the piers. The contract for the second phase, the building of the main arch and the side arches, was given to Dorman Long of Middlesbrough who sub-contracted the building of the bridge deck, viaduct and roadworks to Leonard Fairclough. Building of the bridge itself began in March 1958 and the side spans were completed by November 1959. The main arch was built by cantilevering steelwork from the side spans until it met in the middle in November 1960. The carriageway was suspended from the arch by 48 lock-coil wire ropes. From February 1960, approach roads and viaducts were being built


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: on both sides of the river; the total length of viaduct constructed was . The approaches on the Runcorn side blocked the Bridgewater Canal at Waterloo Bridge and the line of locks leading down to the Mersey were filled in. The bridge was officially opened on 21 July 1961 by Princess Alexandra. The main arch is long and each side arch measures . During its construction 720,000 rivets were used. Its height over the river bed is and the headroom over the ship canal is . During its construction 5,900 tons of steel were used and 7,500 tons of concrete.


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: The bridge requires constant repainting, with each coat using of paint. On the Runcorn side the approach viaducts are in length, and on the Widnes side . The cost of constructing the bridge was £2,433,000. At the time of its construction it had the third longest steel arch span in the world. It had the longest vehicular span in the country, but this record was held for only a few weeks until the Tamar Bridge was completed. By 2001 it was the 10th longest steel arch bridge, and at that time was just short of having Europe's largest span. The


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: bridge transformed Runcorn from an effective cul-de-sac into a town with through traffic. Road communications between north Cheshire and south Lancashire were immediately improved. Trade at the Port of Runcorn increased sixfold between 1960 and 1970. The presence of the bridge enabled the development of the New Town in Runcorn in the late 1960s and the 1970s. The amount of traffic using the bridge trebled between 1961 and 1970; this led to such severe congestion that in 1975 the bridge was widened and the approach roads were improved. The carriageway was widened to incorporate the footpaths, giving it four lanes,


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: and a cantilevered footway was built on the east side of the bridge. This work was completed in 1977 and in that year the bridge was renamed from "Runcorn Bridge" to the "Silver Jubilee Bridge" to commemorate the Queen's Silver Jubilee. Since 1994 the bridge has been illuminated at night by floodlights. Repairs to chloride corrosion of the bridge's deck were carried out in the early 21st century using an innovative electrolytic method; they were shortlisted for the Prime Minister's Award for Better Public Building of 2010. Traffic on the bridge continued to grow to over 80,000 vehicles a day,


title: "Silver Jubilee Bridge" content: and there was frequent congestion. In order to alleviate this, a further crossing was built, known as the Mersey Gateway. This is a six-lane toll bridge to the east of the Silver Jubilee Bridge that opened on 14 October 2017. Following the opening of the Mersey Gateway, the Silver Jubilee bridge was immediately closed to vehicles for a year for maintenance, after which it will reopen with tolls applied to both bridges. Notes Citations Sources Silver Jubilee Bridge The Silver Jubilee Bridge crosses the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal at Runcorn Gap between Runcorn and Widnes in Halton,


title: "Miniature conversion" content: etc.) to allow less expensive conversions. The sale of bitz has also become a significant market for independent online stores. Miniature conversion Miniature conversion refers to the practice of altering the appearance of a miniature or model so as to deviate from the standard version purchased in a boxed set. This practice is quite common amongst hobbyists who play miniature wargames such as Games Workshop's The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game, "Warhammer Fantasy Battles" and "Warhammer 40,000", as well as many of the other games produced by other games and miniature manufacturers. In these circumstances, conversions generally consist


title: "Some Might Say" content: for the shoot. Instead, a makeshift video was created using footage from the "Cigarettes & Alcohol", US "Supersonic" and UK "Whatever" videos. Noel Gallagher gave the Les Paul guitar he plays in the music video to Gerry Mckay, Gallagher's doppelgänger in the official Oasis tribute band, No Way Sis. In an interview promoting the compilation album, "Stop the Clocks", Noel stated that "Some Might Say" is the 'archetypical Oasis song' and 'defines what Oasis is'. Noel added later in the interview that along with "Some Might Say", its B-side, "Acquiesce", was also the song that defined Oasis. In the 2003


title: "Silver stain" content: or RNA. The glycosylations of glycoproteins and polysaccharides can be oxidised by a 1 hour pre-treatment with 0.1% periodic acid at 4 °C, which improves the binding of silver ions and the staining result. First, the proteins are denatured in the gel by a fixative solution of 10% acetic acid and 30% ethanol and precipitated, at the same time the detergent (mostly SDS) is extracted. The diffusion of the proteins is thus significantly reduced. After repeated washing with water, the gel is incubated in a silver nitrate solution. Silver ions bind to negatively charged side chains of the proteins. Excess


title: "Concordia University Nebraska" content: Concordia University Nebraska Concordia University, Nebraska is a private, coeducational university in Seward, Nebraska, established in 1894. It is affiliated with the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod as one of its nine schools in the Concordia University System. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Education, and the College of Graduate Studies. Degree completion and graduate programs are available online. Founded in 1894 as the Evangelische Lutherische Schulleherer Seminar, the university began as a preparatory teacher's school with its twelve students boarded, fed and taught in the same building by J. George Weller


title: "Blue Wings" content: Blue Wings Blue Wings AG was a charter airline based in Germany, focussing on serving Turkey, the Middle East and Russia from its base at Düsseldorf Airport. The headquarters were located on the airport property. Blue Wings was established in 2002, received the AOC on 27 June 2003 and started operations in July of the same year. It initially operated charter flights from Düsseldorf using a wet-leased Airbus A320. In June 2006, the Russian National Reserve Corporation (NRC) acquired a 48 percent shareholding through its Zürich based subsidiary Alpstream AG, which was intended to lead to a close co-operation between


title: "Lobularia maritima" content: Lobularia maritima Lobularia maritima syn. "Alyssum maritimum", common name sweet alyssum or sweet alison, also commonly referred to as just alyssum (from the genus "Alyssum" in which it was formerly classified) is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. The genus name "Lobularia" comes from a Greek word meaning "small pod", referring to the shape of the fruits. The name of the species "maritima" refers to its preferred coastal habitat. <nowiki> </nowiki>Lobularia maritima is an annual plant (rarely a short-lived perennial plant) growing to tall by broad. The stem is very branched, with dense clusters of small


title: "Lobularia maritima" content: flowers. The leaves are 1–4 mm long and 3–5 mm, broad, alternate, sessile, quite hairy, oval to lanceolate, with an entire margin. The flowers are about in diameter, sweet-smelling, with an aroma similar to that of honey, with four white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet and lilac) and four sepals. The six stamens have yellow anthers. The flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. They are pollinated by insects (entomophily). The fruits are numerous elongated seedpods rather hairy, oval to rounded, each containing two seeds. The dispersal of seed is effected by


title: "Lobularia maritima" content: the wind (anemochory). This plant is native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Azores) and in France in the Bay of Biscay. It is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate world, including the United States. There is an endemic subspecies in the local flora of the Columbretes Islands of the western Mediterranean. It is common on sandy beaches and dunes, but can also grow on cultivated fields, walls, slopes and waste ground, preferably on calcareous soil, at an altitude of above sea level. "Lobularia maritima" is cultivated in gardens, with many horticultural varieties with purple or pink flowers. The


title: "Lobularia maritima" content: plant is best planted in early spring, but requires little maintenance when growing. Although an annual, it may reseed in temperate climates. It will flower more profusely if spent blooms are trimmed. When grown in gardens, it is typically used as groundcover, as it rarely grows higher than tall. It is also grown in cracks in paving and walls, and is especially associated with coastal locations. It prefers partial shade, and is resistant to heat and drought. Plants with darker-colored flowers do better in cooler temperatures. "Lobularia maritima" has high drought and heat resistance. (those marked have gained the Royal


title: "Lobularia maritima" content: Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit) Lobularia maritima Lobularia maritima syn. "Alyssum maritimum", common name sweet alyssum or sweet alison, also commonly referred to as just alyssum (from the genus "Alyssum" in which it was formerly classified) is a species of low-growing flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. The genus name "Lobularia" comes from a Greek word meaning "small pod", referring to the shape of the fruits. The name of the species "maritima" refers to its preferred coastal habitat. <nowiki> </nowiki>Lobularia maritima is an annual plant (rarely a short-lived perennial plant) growing to tall by broad. The stem is very


title: "Norm of reciprocity" content: in a reward allocation scenario at work" (Chen, 2009). They were then told that they worked hard on the project together with a colleague, and made the same sort of effort and contribution to the project. Their supervisor then agreed to give $1000 reward. They were then given the following options on how to divide the money: (A) Your colleague will make a proposal as to how the money should be divided. (B) If you accept the proposal, then you will get what the colleague proposed to you. However, if you reject it, then the money will return to the


title: "Santa Luzia (Funchal)" content: Santa Luzia (Funchal) Santa Luzia (Portuguese meaning Saint Lucia) is a parish in the municipality of Funchal in the Madeira Islands. The population in 2011 was 5,866, in an area of 1.34 km². Santa Luzia is one of the four urban parishes of Funchal, which, along with Sé, São Pedro and Imaculado Coração de Maria, developed from the concentration of the first settlers to the southern coast. The parish grew out of necessity, since congestion in the parish of Sé had already limited available lands along the coast. The civil parish's name was a consequence of the older parish of


title: "Santa Luzia (Funchal)" content: Santa Luzia, but created from the dissection of lands in Sé and Nossa Senhora do Monte. Santa Luzia is boxed in by the Ribeira of João Gomes (whose origin is in the Serra do Poiso in the interior), in the east, and on the west by Ribeira de Santa Luzia (which springs from the area around the Pico do Areeiro and Pico do Escalvado, and is responsible for the volume of spring run-off that flows into the Ribeiro de Cideral, Ribeira dos Frades, Ribeira do Pisão an Ribeira do Til. Santa Luzia (Funchal) Santa Luzia (Portuguese meaning Saint Lucia) is


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: The Oracle, Reading The Oracle is a large indoor shopping and leisure mall on the banks of the River Kennet in Reading, Berkshire, England. On the site of a 17th-century workhouse of the same name, it was developed and is owned by a joint venture of Hammerson and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority. The Oracle takes its name from the 17th century Oracle workhouse built by funds from a local man John Kendrick. This once occupied a small part of the site now occupied by the shopping centre. In 1997, Hammerson acquired a 22-acre site of largely derelict and undeveloped


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: land immediately to the south of the town centre. Most of this site was previously occupied by Simond's Brewery (latterly owned by the Courage brewing company) and by the Reading Buses depot (formerly the Reading Corporation tram depot). The brewery had earlier relocated to a new site adjoining the M4 motorway, whilst the bus depot was relocated to a location just west of the town centre as one of the first phases of the redevelopment. Hammerson's strategy was to create a combination of big-name retailers at the new centre, including a number of international retail banners fairly new to Britain.


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: The merchandise mix has strong emphasis on fashion and is slightly higher-end than the average for Reading's main street shops. Peter Cole, the development director for Hammerson said "We were looking to bring in a retail mix that would enhance what was already there – we wanted to get the right caliber retailers to suit the slightly higher-end shopping demographic of the area." The main shopping malls comprising phase I of The Oracle were opened in September 1999, followed in November by the Riverside restaurants, pubs and cinema that made up phase II. Once phase I was complete, the way


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: was open to relocate the Debenhams department store from its previous location on Broad Street into the centre. This in turn allowed for the redevelopment of the old Debenhams site as phase III of The Oracle, linked to phase I by a bridge over Minster Street. Phase III provided The Oracle with its all-important direct link to Broad Street, and was opened in May 2000 by The Princess Royal. The centre contains 90 shops, including department stores from the Debenhams (136,000 ft²) and House of Fraser (150,000 ft²) chains. A third and larger department store, John Lewis and Partners, is


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: adjacent to the Minster Street entrance but not part of the centre itself. There are also 22 restaurants, cafés and bars along the riverside of the Kennet, and an 11-screen Vue cinema. The Oracle increases Reading's retail footage by one-third, and it has attracted some retailers who would otherwise not have located in Reading. The Oracle Riverside area, with its restaurants and bars, spans the Brewery Gut, a particularly narrow stretch of the River Kennet. The layout allows space for outdoor tables, and there is granite stadium-style seating and a sail-like canopy. Two bridges have been installed spanning the Kennet,


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: Cooks Bridge, a straight footbridge which links The Riverside Car Park to House of Fraser, and Delphi Bridge, an 'ellipse-shaped' bridge giving access from the Vue cinema to Debenhams. The Free Form Arts Trust were appointed as the arts agency with responsibility for the appointment and contractual arrangements with artists. Specially commissioned artworks include the Crystal Beacon, a reflective translucent prism by Welsh artist John Gingell that tops off the multistory car park. The overall centre design concept was created by Haskoll & Co., London. They were called in to design a "retail for leisure" concept, linking the site to


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: a heritage trail around the town. The Oracle also provides two large car parks providing 2300 spaces. In line with other car parks in central Reading, charges are comparatively high, especially for long term parkers. There used to be a viewing platform on the top, but someone jumped off it In 2002 Reading was named eighth best town centre in the country. In 2007 the Oracle centre was ranked 16th in a league table of best performing retail centres in the UK compiled by economic analyst Experian. In a separate poll carried out by Verdict, Reading was placed 10th in


title: "The Oracle, Reading" content: the table of UK shopping destinations. The Oracle, Reading The Oracle is a large indoor shopping and leisure mall on the banks of the River Kennet in Reading, Berkshire, England. On the site of a 17th-century workhouse of the same name, it was developed and is owned by a joint venture of Hammerson and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority. The Oracle takes its name from the 17th century Oracle workhouse built by funds from a local man John Kendrick. This once occupied a small part of the site now occupied by the shopping centre. In 1997, Hammerson acquired a 22-acre


title: "Lola Albright" content: in the 1949 film noir production "Champion" with her portrayal of the wife of a manipulative boxing manager; she falls for a prizefighter played by Kirk Douglas. For the next several years, she appeared in secondary roles in over 20 films, including several B westerns. Among them was a co-starring role in the slapstick comedy "The Good Humor Man" in 1950 with future husband Jack Carson. Some of the films in which Albright appeared were "Tulsa" (1949), starring Susan Hayward; "The Silver Whip" (1953), in which she played the love interest of Dale Robertson; and "The Tender Trap" (1955), in


title: "Slieve League" content: Slieve League Sliabh Liag, sometimes Slieve League or Slieve Liag (), is a mountain on the Atlantic coast of County Donegal, Ireland. At , it has some of the highest sea cliffs on the island of Ireland. Although less famous than the Cliffs of Moher in County Clare, Slieve League's cliffs reach almost three times higher. The Belfast naturalist Robert Lloyd Praeger wrote in 1939:A tall mountain of nearly 2000 feet, precipitous on its northern side, has been devoured by the sea till the southern face forms a precipice likewise, descending on this side right into the Atlantic from the


title: "Slieve League" content: long knife-edge which forms the summit. The traverse of this ridge, the "One Man's Path", is one of the most remarkable walks to be found in Ireland - not actually dangerous, but needing a good head and careful progress on a stormy day...The northern precipice, which drops 1500 feet into the coomb surrounding the Little Lough Agh, harbours the majority of the alpine plants of Slieve League, the most varied group of alpines to be found anywhere in Donegal. Slieve League is often photographed from a viewpoint known as Bunglass. It can be reached by means of a narrow road


title: "Slieve League" content: that departs from Teelin. The final few kilometers of this route is built along a precipice and includes several places where it turns at the crest of a rise. Slieve League Sliabh Liag, sometimes Slieve League or Slieve Liag (), is a mountain on the Atlantic coast of County Donegal, Ireland. At , it has some of the highest sea cliffs on the island of Ireland. Although less famous than the Cliffs of Moher in County Clare, Slieve League's cliffs reach almost three times higher. The Belfast naturalist Robert Lloyd Praeger wrote in 1939:A tall mountain of nearly 2000 feet,


title: "Nick Joaquin" content: their cultural background. His awareness of the significance of the past to the present is part of a concerted effort to preserve the spiritual tradition and the orthodox faith of the Catholic past – which he perceives as the only solution to our modern ills. Nicomedes “Nick” Joaquín y Márquez, fondly called “Onching” by close family and friends was born on May 4, 1917 in Pacó, Manila. There are varying accounts on the date of his birth, some cite it as September 15, 1917. This could stem from how Joaquín himself refrained from revealing his date of birth because he


title: "Spidey Super Stories" content: similar role to Clarabell the Clown of Howdy Doody), in order to encourage young viewers to practice their reading skills. Due to the series' budget limitations, comic book panels were interspersed through each skit in lieu of special effects. However, aside from Spider-Man himself, no characters from the comic series ever appeared on "Spidey Super Stories". The theme song that plays at the beginning and end of the shorts was written by Gary William Friedman. The lyrics are as follows: Approximately one dozen "Spidey Super Stories" segments were produced during "The Electric Company's" 1974–1975 season, with another twelve or so


title: "Petersberg Declaration" content: states agreed to deploy their troops and resources from across the whole spectrum of the military under the authority of the WEU. As a part of the partial merger of the WEU with the European Union, these tasks became part of the European Security and Defence Policy, and were central to strengthening the European Union's second pillar, the Common Foreign and Security Policy. In 1997, during the European summit in Amsterdam, the tasks were incorporated in the Treaty on European Union. Both the WEU and the EU are empowered to enforce the Petersberg tasks, but with the transfer of the


title: "Almack's" content: then described the rules of the new establishment. 'Seven ladies' had 'each of them opened a Subscription Book', each of which was 'to contain the Names of 60 Subscribers'. Each subscriber was to pay ten guineas for admission to the twelve balls which were to be given each season. 'The Entertainment of each Night to consist of a Ball, in a Room 90 Feet long, 40 Feet broad, and 30 Feet high; Tea and Cards in separate Rooms; and a Supper in a Room 65 Feet long, 40 Feet broad, and 20 Feet high, with a Concert of Music from


title: "California State University Northridge Botanic Garden" content: regions. An ethnobotanical and a contemporary water-conserving landscape are being developed. California State University Northridge Botanic Garden The California State University Northridge Botanic Garden or CSUN Botanic Garden is located in the northern San Fernando Valley, in the southeast section ("quadrant") of the California State University, Northridge campus in the community of Northridge in Los Angeles, California. The site includes a botanical garden and approximately of nursery, shadehouse, and greenhouse zones. The botanic gardens were established shortly after the campus was established in 1959, as a Valley branch of California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA). It has grown through the


title: "Ashur-dan II" content: retaking Assyrian territory occupied by the Armenians in the recent past. He also claimed that he had brought back Assyrians who had fled due to starvation to resettle the lands. The impression conveyed through these annals was that the Armenians enslaved and slaughtered Assyrians and seized their land. Eastwards, the Zagros foothills down to the lower Zab, were strategic crucial points where Assyrian kings frequently campaigned, both for Assyrian security and to safeguard the limited routes through the mountains. This was a key commercial point for Assyrians, trading horses and valuable lapis lazuli mined in northeast Afghanistan. After reestablishing the


title: "The Q and the Grey" content: than the "status quo" enforced by the Q at large. Q shows Janeway the carnage that the war has inflicted on his group (represented by a refugee camp in which hundreds of wounded Q, all appearing as Union soldiers, are suffering). The fighting breaks out again, and the Q authorities (represented as Confederate soldiers) arrive and capture Q and Janeway. The Q leader, appearing as a Confederate colonel, intends to execute them both, to serve as an example to the rest of Q's freedom faction. On "Voyager", the remaining crew have been observing dozens of supernovae taking place throughout the


title: "Pat McCrory" content: to cancel shows, and companies have pulled jobs and investments out of NC: PayPal stopped a planned expansion that would have created 400 jobs, Lionsgate moved production of a television show out of the state, Deutsche Bank halted plans to add 250 jobs in the state, and over 160 other companies have called for the law's repeal. Several states and cities, including Atlanta, have banned official travel to North Carolina. Time Warner Cable News estimated that as of April 22, the law had cost the state over 1750 jobs and over $77 million of investments and visitor spending. On July


title: Spathiphyllum content: Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum is a genus of about 40 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas and southeastern Asia. Certain species of "Spathiphyllum" are commonly known as Spath or peace lilies. They are evergreen herbaceous perennial plants with large leaves 12–65 cm long and 3–25 cm broad. The flowers are produced in a spadix, surrounded by a 10–30 cm long, white, yellowish, or greenish spathe. The plant does not need large amounts of light or water to survive. Schott's description of the genus refers to ', where ' is a spathe, and


title: Spathiphyllum content: ' is an adjective modifying spathe, meaning relating to a leaf, and ' means continuing or persisting. "" also means a leaf. Species include: Cultivated hybrids include: Several species are popular indoor houseplants. It lives best in shade and needs little sunlight to thrive, and is watered approximately once a week. The soil is best left moist but only needs watering if the soil is dry. The NASA Clean Air Study found that "Spathiphyllum" cleans indoor air of certain environmental contaminants, including benzene and formaldehyde. "Spathiphyllum" is mildly toxic to humans and animals when ingested. The peace lily is not


title: Spathiphyllum content: a true lily from the family Liliaceae. True lilies are much more toxic to cats and dogs. The peace lily contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause skin irritation, a burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum is a genus of about 40 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas and southeastern Asia. Certain species of "Spathiphyllum" are commonly known as Spath or peace lilies. They are evergreen herbaceous perennial plants with large leaves 12–65 cm long and 3–25 cm broad. The flowers are produced in a


title: "Samoyedic peoples" content: Samoyedic peoples The Samoyedic people (also Samodeic people) are a group of closely related ethnic groups that speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic, ethnic and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term "Samoyed" used in Russia for some indigenous people of Siberia. The largest of the Samoyedic people are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Part of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in Taymyria autonomous district (formerly known as Dolgano-Nenetsia), but today this area is


title: "Chrysler Pacifica (CS)" content: Chrysler Pacifica (CS) The Chrysler Pacifica is a mid-size crossover produced by Chrysler from 2003 to 2007, for the model years 2004 to 2008 to 2018 and 2019 The Pacifica was the first jointly engineered product of the 1998 DaimlerChrysler "merger of equals." In January 2016, the "Pacifica" name was revived for a 2017 model year minivan, which debuted at the North American International Auto Show as a replacement for the Chrysler Town & Country. Initially, the Pacifica came in just one trim level. Starting in 2005, the Pacifica was expanded into four trim levels: "Base", "Touring", "Limited", and a


title: "Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC)" content: In 212 BC, he was elected consul, and in conjunction with his colleague Quintus Fulvius Flaccus undertook the siege of Capua. At the close of his year of office, in pursuance of a decree of the Senate, he went to Rome and created two new consuls. His own command was prolonged another year. In the battle against Hannibal's forces before Capua, he received a wound from whose effects he died shortly after the surrender of the city. He ineffectually opposed the infliction of the sanguinary vengeance that Fulvius took on the Capuans. Appius Claudius Pulcher was played by Dimitri Diatchenko


title: "Iran and weapons of mass destruction" content: does not appear to see Iran as a major threat. Most believe that Iran has the right to its nuclear program and do not support international pressure to force it to curtail its program. A plurality of Arabs (44%) believes that if Iran were to acquire nuclear weapons, the outcome would be more positive for the region than negative." Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation and a non-permanent member of the U.N. Security Council abstained from a vote in March 2008 on a U.N. resolution to impose a third set of sanctions on Iran. It was the only country


title: "Emma Paterson" content: active in the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, who had organized the Workmen's International Exhibition at the Agricultural Hall in 1870. The couple spent a long honeymoon in the United States. In 1874 Paterson founded the Women's Protective and Provident League, aimed at creating trade unions in all trades branded by working women. The scheme was suggested by the Female Umbrella Makers' Union of New York. Paterson was honorary secretary and organizer of the Women's League until her death. Members of the Women's League included Helena Shearer. The members were largely upper-middle-class men and women interested in social reform,


title: Cosmeceutical content: "cosmeceutical" is held to the same FDA standards as a drug. Cosmeceutical Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of "cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals". "Nutricosmetics" are related dietary supplement or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Consumers are willing to pay a premium for skin and hair care products that they perceive as high-performance. The term "cosmeceutical" is often used in cosmetic advertising and may be


title: "Håkon Grjotgardsson" content: Håkon Grjotgardsson Håkon Grjotgardsson (Old Norse: "Hákon Grjótgarðsson") ( c. 860-870 - c. 900-920) was the first Earl of Lade and an ally of Harald Fairhair, King of Norway. Nicknamed Håkon the Rich ("Hákon jarl hinn riki"), he was the son and heir of Grjotgard Herlaugsson Lade. He succeeded his father as ruler of the petty kingdom of Trøndelag. His daughter Åsa, married Harald Fairhair and was the mother of Guttorm Haraldsson and Halfdan Haraldsson. Håkon was also the father of Sigurd Håkonsson, who was the father of Haakon Sigurdsson. Håkon had his residence at Ørlandet at the mouth of


title: "Ohio Statehouse" content: The fifty-four rooms the building originally held increased to 317 rooms by 1989. In 1901, the Ohio Supreme Court was moved to a separate building on the east side of Capitol Square to alleviate crowding, and to give the court the prestige of its own building. The new building, named the Judiciary Annex, was constructed of the same Columbus limestone as the Statehouse. Neoclassical on the exterior, the interior spaces, especially the grand central staircase are Beaux Arts in style. The two buildings became crowded, and decay from heavy usage and inadequate maintenance was evident. Both buildings survived despite proposals


title: "The Emperor (Tarot card)" content: secular hierarchy, the ultimate male ego. The Emperor is the absolute ruler of the world. The essential features of the design for The Emperor card have changed very little through the centuries. The Emperor sometimes got caught up in the censorship placed on the Popess (The High Priestess) and the Pope (The Hierophant), as when the Bolognese card makers replaced the Popess (High Priestess), Pope (Hierophant), Empress, and Emperor with four Moors or Turks. In the Minchiate, the first of the two Emperors are assigned number III because of the removal of the Popess (High Priestess) from the deck. Alternative


title: "Juscelino Kubitschek bridge" content: Juscelino Kubitschek bridge Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge (), commonly called Ponte JK (), is a steel and concrete arch bridge across Lake Paranoá in Brasília, Brazil. It connects the eastern shore of the lake – where Lago Sul, Paranoá and Brasília International Airport are located – to Brasília's city center, via the Monumental Axis. Opened to traffic on December 15, 2002, its distinctive silhouette quickly became a Brasília landmark. The bridge is named after President Juscelino Kubitschek, who served from 1956 to 1961, and is generally considered the main figure supporting the construction of the planned city of Brasília. It was


title: "Juscelino Kubitschek bridge" content: designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. The bridge structure is long, wide and has two three-lane carriageways in each direction and walkways fitted with guard-rails on either for cyclists and pedestrians, each wide, and three spans. The main span structure has four supporting pillars standing on the Lake Paranoá lakebed; and the deck weight is supported by three asymmetrical steel arches that crisscross diagonally. The decks are suspended by steel cables alternating at each side of the deck, interlacing in a twisted plane. The entire structure has a total length of , and was completed


title: "Juscelino Kubitschek bridge" content: at a cost of US$56.8 million. The bridge has a pedestrian walkway and is accessible to pedestrians and bicyclists. Alexandre Chan received the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for the bridge's project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh. This medal is awarded "for a single, recent outstanding achievement showing harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation". The bridge was also awarded the 2003 Premio Abcem ("ABCEM Award") for "Best Steel Work of the Year, Bridges and Highway Overpasses Category", granted by the Brazilian Metal Construction Association ("Associação Brasileira da Construção Metálica", ABCEM). Juscelino Kubitschek bridge Juscelino Kubitschek


title: "Florida red-bellied cooter" content: Florida red-bellied cooter The Florida red-bellied cooter or Florida redbelly turtle ("Pseudemys nelsoni" ) is a species of turtle in the family "Emydidae". The specific name, "nelsoni", is in honor of American biologist George Nelson (born 1873). "P. nelsoni" is endemic to Florida, and southern Georgia. The Florida redbelly cooter is mainly herbivorous, and can be found in nearly any type of aquatic habitat. It reaches particularly high densities in spring runs, and occasionally can be found in brackish water. This species is active year-round and spends a large portion of the day basking on logs. They are noted for


title: "Florida red-bellied cooter" content: sometimes laying their eggs in the nest mounds of alligators. The Florida redbelly is closely related to the Peninsula cooter ("Pseudemys floridana") and can often be found basking on logs together. The Florida redbelly can be distinguished from other similar turtles by its distinctive red-tinged plastron (belly) and two cusps (like teeth) on its upper beak. Like most "Pseudemys" turtles, this species is a fairly large river turtle. Carapace length in mature turtles can range from . Females, which average in carapace length and weigh , are noticeably larger than males, which are around and in mass. Florida redbellies are


title: "Florida red-bellied cooter" content: commonly exported for consumption and the pet trade, with about 50% wild caught individuals and 50% captive bred. Most of US export statistics (as collected by the World Chelonian Trust in 2002-2005) simply describe exported turtles by the genus, "Pseudemys", without identifying the species. They are exported by the million, and are mostly farm-raised. Florida red-bellied cooter The Florida red-bellied cooter or Florida redbelly turtle ("Pseudemys nelsoni" ) is a species of turtle in the family "Emydidae". The specific name, "nelsoni", is in honor of American biologist George Nelson (born 1873). "P. nelsoni" is endemic to Florida, and southern Georgia.


title: "WHAS (AM)" content: July 18, 1922. It was originally assigned the frequency of 350 kHz. On May 16, 1925, the first live broadcast of the Kentucky Derby was originated by WHAS and was also carried by WGN in Chicago. The call of the Derby featured an announcer who watched from the windows of one of the famous twin spires of Churchill Downs. On May 15, 1932, WHAS changed from being an NBC affiliate and joined CBS. At that time, WHAS operated on 820 kHz with 10 KW power, but the output was soon increased to 25 KW as authorized by the Federal Radio


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Howrah Bridge Howrah Bridge is a bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. Commissioned in 1943, the bridge was originally named the New Howrah Bridge, because it replaced a pontoon bridge at the same location linking the two cities of Howrah and Kolkata (Calcutta). On 14 June 1965 it was renamed Rabindra Setu after the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, who was the first Indian and Asian Nobel laureate. It is still popularly known as the Howrah Bridge. The bridge is one of four on the Hooghly River and is a famous symbol of


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Kolkata and West Bengal. The other bridges are the Vidyasagar Setu (popularly called the Second Hooghly Bridge), the Vivekananda Setu, and the newly built Nivedita Setu. It weathers the storms of the Bay of Bengal region, carrying a daily traffic of approximately 100,000 vehicles and possibly more than 150,000 pedestrians, easily making it the busiest cantilever bridge in the world. The third-longest cantilever bridge at the time of its construction, the Howrah Bridge is currently the sixth-longest bridge of its type in the world. In 1862, the Government of Bengal asked George Turnbull, chief engineer of the East Indian Railway


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Company to study the feasibility of bridging the Hooghly River. He had recently established the company's rail terminus in Howrah. He reported on 19 March, with large-scale drawings and estimates, that: The bridge was built. In view of the increasing traffic across the Hooghly river, a committee was appointed in 1855-56 to review alternatives for constructing a bridge across it. The plan was shelved in 1859-60, to be revived in 1868, when it was decided that a bridge should be constructed and a newly appointed trust vested to manage it. The Calcutta Port Trust was founded in 1870, and the


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act in the year 1871 under the Bengal Act IX of 1871, empowering the Lieutenant-Governor to have the bridge constructed with Government capital under the aegis of the Port Commissioners. Eventually a contract was signed with Sir Bradford Leslie to construct a pontoon bridge. Different parts were constructed in England and shipped to Calcutta, where they were assembled. The assembling period was fraught with problems. The bridge was considerably damaged by the great cyclone on 20 March 1874. A steamer named "Egeria" broke from her moorings and collided


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: head-on with the bridge, sinking three pontoons and damaging nearly 200 feet of the bridge. The bridge was completed in 1874, at a total cost of 2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide, with 7-foot wide pavements on either side. Initially the bridge was periodically unfastened to allow steamers and other marine vehicles to pass through. Before 1906, the bridge used to be undone for the passage of vessels during daytime only. Since June of that year it started opening at night for all


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: vessels except ocean steamers, which were required to pass through during daytime. From 19 August 1879, the bridge was illuminated by electric lamp-posts, powered by the dynamo at the Mullick Ghat Pumping Station. As the bridge could not handle the rapidly increasing load, the Port Commissioners started planning in 1905 for a new improved bridge. In 1906 the Port Commission appointed a committee headed by R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and W.B. MacCabe, Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation. They submitted a report stating that The committee considered six options: The committee eventually decided on a floating bridge. It extended


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: tenders to 23 firms for its design and construction. Prize money of £ 3,000 (45,000, at the then exchange rate) was declared for the firm whose design would be accepted. The initial construction process of the bridge was stalled due to the World War I, although the bridge was partially renewed in 1917 and 1927. In 1921 a committee of engineers named the 'Mukherjee Committee' was formed, headed by R. N. Mukherji, Sir Clement Hindley, Chairman of Calcutta Port Trust and J. McGlashan, Chief Engineer. They referred the matter to Sir Basil Mott, who proposed a single span arch bridge.


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Charles Alfred O"Grady one of the Engineers In 1922 the New Howrah Bridge Commission was set up, to which the Mukherjee Committee submitted its report. In 1926 the New Howrah Bridge Act passed. In 1930 the Goode Committee was formed, comprising S.W. Goode as President, S.N. Mallick, and W.H. Thompson, to investigate and report on the advisability of constructing a pier bridge between Calcutta and Howrah. Based on their recommendation, M/s. Rendel, Palmer and Tritton were asked to consider the construction of a suspension bridge of a particular design prepared by their chief draftsman Mr. Walton. On basis of the


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: report, a global tender was floated. The lowest bid came from a German company, but due to increasing political tensions between Germany and Great Britain in 1935, it was not given the contract. The Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Co. was awarded the construction contract that year. The New Howrah Bridge Act was amended in 1935 to reflect this, and construction of the bridge started the next year. The bridge does not have nuts and bolts, but was formed by riveting the whole structure. It consumed 26,500 tons of steel, out of which 23,000 tons of high-tensile alloy steel, known


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: as Tiscrom, were supplied by Tata Steel. The main tower was constructed with single monolith caissons of dimensions 55.31 x 24.8 m with 21 shafts, each 6.25 metre square. The Chief Engineer of the Port Trust, Mr. J. McGlashan, wanted to replace the pontoon bridge, with a permanent structure, as the present bridge interfered with North/South river traffic. Work could not be started as World War I (1914-1918) broke out. Then in 1926 a commission under the Chairmanship of Sir R. N. Mukherjee recommended a suspension bridge of a particular type to be built across the River Hoogly. The bridge


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: was designed by one Mr.Walton of M/s Rendel, Palmer & Triton. The order for construction and erection was placed on M/s.Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company in 1939. Again World War II (1939-1945 ) intervened. All the steel that was to come from England were diverted for war effort in Europe. Out of 26,000 tons of steel, that was required for the bridge, only 3000 tons were supplied from England. In spite of the Japanese threat, the then (British) government of India pressed on with the construction. Tata Steel were asked to supply the remaining 23,000 tons of high tension steel.


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: The Tatas developed the quality of steel required for the bridge and called it Tiscom. The entire 23,000 tons was supplied in time. The fabrication and erection work was awarded to a local engineering firm of Howrah: the Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Co.. The two anchorage caissons were each 16.4 m by 8.2 m, with two wells 4.9 m square. The caissons were so designed that the working chambers within the shafts could be temporarily enclosed by steel diaphragms to allow work under compressed air if required. The caisson at Kolkata side was set at 31.41 m and that


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: at Howrah side at 26.53 m below ground level. One night, during the process of grabbing out the muck to enable the caisson to move, the ground below it yielded, and the entire mass plunged two feet, shaking the ground. The impact of this was so intense that the seismograph at Kidderpore registered it as an earthquake and a Hindu temple on the shore was destroyed, although it was subsequently rebuilt. While muck was being cleared, numerous varieties of objects were brought up, including anchors, grappling irons, cannons, cannonballs, brass vessels, and coins dating back to the East India Company.


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: The job of sinking the caissons was carried out round-the-clock at a rate of a foot or more per day. The caissons were sunk through soft river deposits to a stiff yellow clay 26.5 m below ground level. The accuracy of sinking the huge caissons was exceptionally precise, within 50–75 mm of the true position. After penetrating 2.1 m into clay, all shafts were plugged with concrete after individual dewatering, with some 5 m of backfilling in adjacent shafts. The main piers on the Howrah side were sunk by open wheel dredging, while those on the Kolkata side required compressed


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: air to counter running sand. The air pressure maintained was about 40 lbs per square inch (2.8 bar), which required about 500 workers to be employed. Whenever excessively soft soil was encountered, the shafts symmetrical to the caisson axes were left unexcavated to allow strict control. In very stiff clays, a large number of the internal wells were completely undercut, allowing the whole weight of the caisson to be carried by the outside skin friction and the bearing under the external wall. Skin friction on the outside of the monolith walls was estimated at 29 kN/m while loads on the


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: cutting edge in clay overlying the founding stratum reached 100 tonnes/m. The work on the foundation was completed on November 1938. By the end of 1940, the erection of the cantilevered arms was commenced and was completed in mid-summer of 1941. The two halves of the suspended span, each 282 feet (86 m) long and weighing 2,000 tons, were built in December 1941. The bridge was erected by commencing at the two anchor spans and advancing towards the center, with the use of creeper cranes moving along the upper chord. 16 hydraulic jacks, each of which had an 800-ton capacity,


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: were pressed into service to join the two halves of the suspended span. The entire project cost 25 million (£2,463,887). The project was a pioneer in bridge construction, particularly in India, but the government did not have a formal opening of the bridge due to fears of attacks by Japanese planes fighting the Allied Powers. Japan had attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The first vehicle to use the bridge was a solitary tram. The bridge is regarded "the gateway to Kolkata, as it connects the city to the Howrah Station". When commissioned in 1943,


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Howrah was the 3rd-longest cantilever bridge in the world, behind Pont de Québec () in Canada and Forth Bridge () in Scotland. It has since been surpassed by three bridges, making it the sixth-longest cantilever bridge in the world in 2013. It is a suspension type balanced cantilever bridge, with a central span between centers of main towers and a suspended span of . The main towers are high above the monoliths and apart at the top. The anchor arms are each, while the cantilever arms are each. The bridge deck hangs from panel points in the lower chord of


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: the main trusses with 39 pairs of hangers. The roadways beyond the towers are supported from ground, leaving the anchor arms free from deck load. The deck system includes cross girders suspended between the pairs of hangers by a pinned connection. Six rows of longitudinal stringer girders are arranged between cross girders. Floor beams are supported transversally on top of the stringers, while themselves supporting a continuous pressed steel troughing system surfaced with concrete. The longitudinal expansion and lateral sway movement of the deck are taken care of by expansion and articulation joints. There are two main expansion joints, one


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: at each interface between the suspended span and the cantilever arms, and there are others at the towers and at the interface of the steel and concrete structures at both approach. There are total 8 articulation joints, 3 at each of the cantilever arms and 1 each in the suspended portion. These joints divide the bridge into segments with vertical pin connection between them to facilitate rotational movements of the deck. The bridge deck has longitudinal ruling gradient of 1 in 40 from either end, joined by a vertical curve of radius . The cross gradient of deck is 1


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: in 48 between kerbs. The bridge serves as the gateway to Kolkata, connecting it to the Howrah Station, which is one of the four intercity train stations serving Howrah and Kolkata. As such, it carries the near entirety of the traffic to and from the station, taking its average daily traffic close to nearly 150,000 pedestrians and 100,000 vehicles. In 1946 a census was taken to take a count of the daily traffic, it amounted to 27,400 vehicles, 121,100 pedestrians and 2,997 cattle. The bulk of the vehicular traffic comes from buses and cars. Prior to 1993 the bridge used


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: to carry trams also. Trams departed from the terminus at Howrah station towards Rajabazar, Sealdah, High Court, Dalhousie Square, Park Circus and Shyambazar. From 1993 the tram services on the bridge were discontinued due to increasing load on the bridge. However the bridge still continues to carry much more than the expected load. A 2007 report revealed that nearly 90,000 vehicles were plying on the bridge daily (15,000 of which were goods-carrying), though its load-bearing capacity is only 60,000. One of the main reasons of overloading was that although vehicles carrying up to 15 tonnes are allowed on the structure,


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: vehicles with 12-18 wheels and carrying load up to 25 tonnes often plied on it. 31 May 2007 onwards, overloaded trucks were banned from plying on the bridge, and were redirected to the Vidyasagar Setu instead. The road is flanked by footpaths of width 15 feet, and they swarm with pedestrians. The Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) is vested with the maintenance of the bridge. The bridge has been subject to damage from vehicles due to rash driving, and corrosion due to atmospheric conditions and biological wastes. On October 2008, 6 high-tech surveillance cameras were placed to monitor the entire long


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: and wide structure from the control room. Two of the cameras were placed under the floor of the bridge to track the movement of barges, steamers and boats on the river, while the other four were fixed to the first layer of beams — one at each end and two in the middle — to monitor vehicle movements. This was in response to substantial damage caused to the bridge from collisions with vehicles, so that compensation could be claimed from the miscreants. Corrosion has been caused by bird droppings and human spitting. An investigation in 2003 revealed that as a


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: result of prolonged chemical reaction caused by continuous collection of bird excreta, several joints and parts of the bridge were damaged. As an immediate measure, the Kolkata Port Trust engaged contractors to regularly clean the bird droppings, at an annual expense of . In 2004, KoPT spent to paint the entirety of of the bridge. Two coats of aluminium paint, with a primer of zinc chromate before that, was applied on the bridge, requiring a total of 26,500 litres of paint. The bridge is also considerably damaged by pedestrians spitting out acidic, lime-mixed stimulants (gutka and paan). A technical inspection


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: by Port Trust officials in 2011 revealed that spitting had reduced the thickness of the steel hoods protecting the pillars from six to less than three millimeters since 2007. The hangers need those hoods at the base to prevent water seeping into the junction of the cross-girders and hangers, and damage to the hoods can jeopardize the safety of the bridge. KoPT announced that it will spend on covering the base of the steel pillars with fibreglass casing to prevent spit from corroding them. On 24 June 2005, a private cargo vessel "M V Mani", belonging to the Ganges Water


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Transport Pvt. Ltd, while trying to pass under the bridge during high tide, had its funnel stuck underneath for three hours, causing substantial damage worth about 15 million to the stringer and longitudinal girder of the bridge. Some of the 40 cross-girders were also broken. Two of four trolley guides, bolted and welded with the girders, were extensively damaged. Nearly of of the track were twisted beyond repair. The damage was so severe that KoPT requested help from Rendall-Palmer & Tritton Limited, the original consultant on the bridge from UK. KoPT also contacted SAIL for 'matching steel' used during its


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: construction in 1943. For the repair, which cost around , about 8 tonnes of steel was used. The repairs were completed in early 2006. The bridge has been shown in numerous films, such as Bimal Roy's 1953 film "Do Bigha Zamin", Ritwik Ghatak's "Bari Theke Paliye" in 1958, Satyajit Ray's "Parash Pathar" in the same year, Mrinal Sen's "Neel Akasher Neechey" in 1959, Shakti Samanta's "Howrah Bridge" (1958), that featured the famous song Mera Naam Chin Chin Chu and "China Town" (1962) and "Amar Prem" (1971), Amar Jeet's 1965 "Teen Devian" in 1965, Mrinal Sen's 1972 National Award winning Bengali


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: film "Calcutta 71" and Sen's Calcutta Trilogy its sequel in 1973, "Padatik", Richard Attenborough's 1982 Academy Award winning film "Gandhi", Goutam Ghose's 1984 Hindi film "Paar", Raj Kapoor's "Ram Teri Ganga Maili" in 1985, Nicolas Klotz's "The Bengali Night" in 1988, Roland Joffé's English language film "City of Joy" in 1992, Florian Gallenberger's Bengali film "Shadows of Time" in 2004, Mani Ratnam's Bollywood film "Yuva" in 2004, Pradeep Sarkar's 2005 Bollywood film "Parineeta", Subhrajit Mitra's 2008 Bengali film "", Mira Nair's 2006 film "The Namesake", Blessy's 2008 Malayalam Film "Calcutta News", Surya Sivakumar's 2009 Tamil film "Aadhavan", Imtiaz Ali's 2009


title: "Howrah Bridge" content: Hindi film "Love Aaj Kal", Abhik Mukhopadhyay's 2010 Bengali film "Ekti Tarar Khonje", Sujoy Ghosh's 2012 Bollywood film "Kahaani", Anurag Basu's 2012 Hindi film "Barfi!", Riingo Banerjee's 2012 Bengali film "Na Hannyate", Rana Basu's 2013 Bengali film "Namte Namte", and Ali Abbas Zafar's 2014 Hindi film "Gunday" and the 2015 YRF release from director Dibakar Banerjee's "Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!" "Shoojit sircar's"Piku"also features some scenes on this iconic bridge. The bridge was also featured in Garth Davis' Academy Award-nominated 2016 film "Lion". Howrah Bridge Howrah Bridge is a bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India.


title: "Mark McGowan (performance artist)" content: a big, prestigious event, that included Santiago Sierra, Barbara Kruger, all big shows. I was in a really little show in the arches; I felt it was a commission. So I went to Glasgow and I keyed forty-seven cars. I just did my own publicity. So "Glasgow International" marketing department, the first they heard about it was when I was on the news saying I've scratched forty-seven cars for the "Glasgow International" show. And they called me and they were freaking out saying, 'you just can't do that'. I said 'well I'm part of the show', they said 'no you're


title: "Roman Ritual" content: but on the whole this later arrangement involved the need of other books to supply the non-Eucharistic functions of the Sacramentary. These books, when they appeared, were the predecessors of the Pontifical and Ritual. The bishop's functions (ordination, confirmation, et cetera) filled the Pontifical, the priest's offices (baptism, penance, matrimony, extreme unction, etc.) were contained in a great variety of little handbooks, finally replaced by the Ritual. The Pontifical emerged first. The book under this name occurs already in the eighth century (Pontifical of Egbert). From the ninth there is a multitude of Pontificals. For the priest's functions there was


title: "DeAngelo Hall" content: assists, four interceptions, 12 passes broken up and a forced fumble. During spring training, Hall posted the fastest forty time ever for a Tech football player with a timing of 4.15 in Virginia Tech's Rector Field House. As a junior, Hall became the first Tech player in nearly six years to play both ways in a game when he saw ten plays on offense and 28 on defense against Central Florida. During the game, he caught two passes for 41 yards, including a 29-yard touchdown, and had two solo tackles and an assist on defense. During the game against Syracuse,


title: "Gate Keepers" content: 1945. Unbeknownst to humans, alien/interdimensional beings have emerged with plans to take over the world by sending numerous agents to wreak havoc in cities, turning people into robotic minions. They are referred to as . In an attempt to confront the Invaders and defend the planet, an elite but highly secret organization of peace-keepers called the Alien Exterminating Global Intercept System (more commonly known as A.E.G.I.S.), was set up with special funding from the government. They rely on the ability of "Gate Keepers", who have the power to open dimensional "gates" of a paranormal energy that give them their superpowers.


title: "2001–02 in Scottish football" content: United to the vacant league place, Airdrie United still gained a league place for the 2002–03 season – in the Second Division – as they bought out the debt-ridden club Clydebank. Queen of the South won the Second Division league title for the first time in 51-years since they won the Division B league title in season 1950-51. These were the only two occasions that the Dumfries club had won a league title in their history, that was up until they won their third ever league title in season 2012–13, when they won the Second Division once again. The 2001–02


title: Channelrhodopsin content: C1V1 and ReaChR). ReaChR has improved membrane trafficking and strong expression in mammalian cells, and has been used for minimally invasive, transcranial activation of brainstem motoneurons. Searches for homologous sequences in other organisms has yielded spectrally improved and stronger red-shifted channelrhodpsins (Chrimson). In combination with ChR2, these yellow/red light-sensitive channelrhodopsins allow controlling two populations of neurons independently with light pulses of different colors. A blue-shifted channelrhodopsin has been discovered in the alga "Scherffelia dubia". After some engineering to improve membrane trafficking and speed, the resulting tool (CheRiff) produced large photocurrents at 460 nm excitation. It has been combined with the


title: "Tamara Jaber" content: wake of her split from Sandilands. In 2010, Jaber was selected along with other celebrities to appear on the tenth season of "Dancing with the Stars". Her dancing partner on the show was Carmello Pizzino. Throughout the season, Jaber was at the top of the leaderboard, winning the highest score for each week, all except for week four. This included week one for the Cha-Cha-Cha, week two for the Tango, week three for the Paso Doble, week five for the Samba, week six for the Aussie Smooth, week seven for the Jive, week eight for the Salsa and week nine


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: Ficus religiosa Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to "Moraceae", the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree, pippala tree, peepul tree, peepal tree or ashwattha tree (in India and Nepal). The sacred fig is considered to have a religious significance in three major religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent, Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. It is the type of tree that Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment under, and Hindu and Jain ascetics also consider the tree to be


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: sacred and often meditate under them. "Ficus religiosa" is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to tall and with a trunk diameter of up to . The leaves are in shape with a distinctive extended drip tip; they are long and broad, with a petiole. The fruits are small figs in diameter, green ripening to purple. "F. religiosa" is a tree having a very long lifespan, with an average life ranging between 900–1,500 years. At some of its native habitats, it has been reportedly found living for over 3,000 years. Some trees have been reported to be more


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: than 2,000 years old, like the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a peepul tree in the ancient city of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka which is estimated to be more than 2,250 years old and is regarded as the "Oldest historical tree in the world with religious importance". "Ficus religiosa" is native to tropical Asia, but it has now been introduced, spread and cultivated around much of the world, and in some cases it has become naturalized where its specialist pollinator wasp (Blastophaga quadriceps) has also been introduced. "Ficus religiosa" is a species native to the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asian countries


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Yunnan province), India (all states except Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Laos , Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam. It was initially introduced to Sri Lanka in 288 BCE and later to other neighbouring Asian countries like Philippines and Singapore. In Philippines, it was introduced at an early date and now has become widespread throughout the country. Sacred Fig was unintentionally introduced to Israel because of horticulture practices and its associated pollinator wasp was also present in the country by the 1960s, which led to its widespread distribution. In Africa, "F. religiosa" is a native species of


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: Chad. It is distributed in Egypt and Madagascar where it is cultivated, and Libya where it was introduced and now cultivated. In North America, "F. religiosa" is distributed only in Mexico and 3 states of the United States where it is cultivated. California, Florida and Hawaii are the only states to have a known distribution of the species. In Central America and Caribbean, the species is distributed in Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico. It was most probably brought to these countries from Indian subcontinent in late 19th or early 20th century during the British


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: Empire. In Nicaragua and Panama, it is only found in cultivation. In South America, the species is distributed in Colombia, Paraguay and Venezuela. In Colombia, it is only found in cultivation while in Paraguay, it is cultivated as well as also occurring in forests at lower altitudes. In Oceania, the species is distributed in the Australian state of New South Wales where it has been naturalised after regional distribution, Fiji where it is cultivated, Mariana Islands (Guam), Northern Mariana Islands (Tinian Is.) and New Caledonia. "Ficus religiosa" suitably grows at altitudes ranging from up to . Due to the climatic


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: conditions which are prevalent throughout different heat zones, it can grow at latitudes ranging from 30°N to 5°S. It can tolerate air temperatures ranging between to , beyond this upper limit its growth diminishes. It grows on a wide variety of soils but preferably needs deep, alluvial sandy loam with good drainage. It is also found on shallow soils including rock crevices. "Ficus religiosa" is associated with Blastophaga quadriceps, an agaonid wasp which acts as its pollinator as this wasp lays its eggs only on trees of this species. "Ficus religiosa" is tolerant to various climate zones (Köppen climate classification


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: categories of Af, Am, Aw/As, Cfa, Cwa and Csa) and various types of soils. In Paraguay the tree species occurs in forests at lower elevations, and in China the species has been reported growing at altitudes ranging from to . In India, being a native species, it occurs both naturally in wild as well as cultivated up to altitudes of . "Ficus religiosa" is tolerant to widely varying climatic conditions such as Tropical rainforest climate where the region receives more than of precipitation per month, Tropical monsoon climate where average precipitation ranges from in the driest month to , Tropical


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: savanna climate with dry summer where average precipitation ranges from per month in summers to per month in winters, Warm temperate climate, wet all year where average temperature ranges from to and it is wet all year, as well as Warm temperate climate with dry summer where average temperature ranges from to and summers are dry. "Ficus religiosa" has been listed as an "environmental weed" or "naturalised weed" by the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). It has been assigned an invasiveness high risk score of 7 in a risk assessment prepared for the species' invasiveness in Hawaii by PIER.


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: Such a high score predicts it will become a major pest in suitable climate zones. The major reasons for its invasive behaviour are its fast-growing nature, tolerance to various climate zones and soil types, reported lifespan of over 3,000 years, and its suffocating growth habit as it often begins life as an epiphyte. The "Ficus religiosa" tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna says, "I am the Peepul tree among the trees, Narada among the sages, Chitraaratha among the Gandharvas, And sage Kapila among the Siddhas." Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: ("bodhi") while meditating underneath a "Ficus religiosa". The site is in present-day Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India. The original tree was destroyed, and has been replaced several times. A branch of the original tree was rooted in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka in 288 BCE and is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi; it is the oldest flowering plant (angiosperm) in the world. In Theravada Buddhist Southeast Asia, the tree's massive trunk is often the site of Buddhist or animist shrines. Not all "Ficus religiosa" can be called a "Bodhi Tree". A Bodhi Tree must be able to trace its parent to


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: another Bodhi Tree and the line goes on until the first Bodhi Tree under which Gautama is said to have gained enlightenment. Sadhus (Hindu ascetics) still meditate beneath sacred fig trees, and Hindus do pradakshina (circumambulation, or meditative pacing) around the sacred fig tree as a mark of worship. Usually seven pradakshinas are done around the tree in the morning time chanting ""vriksha rajaya namah"", meaning "salutation to the king of trees." It claimed that the 27 stars (constellations) constituting 12 houses ("rasis") and 9 planets are specifically represented precisely by 27 trees—one for each star. The Bodhi Tree is


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: said to represent Pushya (Western star name γ, δ and θ Cancri in the Cancer constellation). "Plaksa" is a possible Sanskrit term for "Ficus religiosa". However, according to Macdonell and Keith (1912), it denotes the wavy-leaved fig tree ("Ficus infectoria") instead. In Hindu texts, the Plaksa tree is associated with the source of the Sarasvati River. The "Skanda Purana" states that the Sarasvati originates from the water pot of Brahma flows from Plaksa on the Himalayas. According to Vamana Purana 32.1-4, the Sarasvati was rising from the Plaksa tree (Pipal tree). "Plaksa Pra-sravana" denotes the place where the Sarasvati appears.


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: In the Rigveda Sutras, Plaksa Pra-sravana refers to the source of the Sarasvati. The "Ficus religiosa" tree is known by a wide range of vernacular names, including: "Ficus religiosa" is grown by specialty tree plant nurseries for use as an ornamental tree, in gardens and parks in tropical and subtropical climates. Peepul trees are native to Indian subcontinent and thrive in hot, humid weather. They prefer full sunlight and can grow in most soil types, though loam is the best. When planting, use soil with a pH of 7 or below. While it is possible for the plant to grow


title: "Ficus religiosa" content: indoors in a pot, it grows best outside. Young peepul needs proper nourishment. It requires full sunlight and proper watering. Sacred fig occurs naturally in submontane forest regions. In the Middle East, it is preferably planted as an avenue or road verge tree. In the Philippines and in Nicaragua the species is cultivated in parks and along roadsides and pavements, while in Paraguay it occurs in forests at lower elevations. "Ficus religiosa" is used in traditional medicine for about 50 types of disorders including asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, gastric problems, inflammatory disorders, infectious and sexual disorders. Ficus religiosa Ficus religiosa