title: "Peter Sharp (artist)" content: been on display a number of domestic Group Exhibitions and Prizes, including: As well as frequenting the New South Wales and Australian arts scene, Sharp has exhibited in a number of exhibitions abroad, most significantly at the Cité internationale des Arts Residents Exhibition and the Cité internationale des Arts Printmakers Exhibition in 1997 in Paris; the Krunstraum 34 in Stuttgart, Germany in 2001; the Thai-Australian Contemporary Prints, at Chiang Mai University in Thailand in 2005; and Going Bush, ILIRI Alliance Francais, Paris in 2006. Sharp’s work has often included prints and he has undergone numerous projects and collaborations with printmakers


title: "Criminal Minds (season 3)" content: guest-starred as Ervin Robles, a serial killer who was abused by a strict foster family. William Lee Scott guest-starred as Robles' foster brother and accomplice Gary, and Christine Healy guest-starred as Mrs. Manwaring, an abusive foster mother. In the episode "Seven Seconds", Ariel Winter guest-starred as Katie Jacobs, a young girl who is kidnapped at a shopping mall. Suzanne Cryer guest-starred as Susan Jacobs, Katie Jacobs' aunt who might be involved in her disappearance. Paula Malcomson guest-starred as Katie's mother, Beth, and Alexander Gould guest-starred as Susan's son, Jeremy. In the episode "About Face", Andrew Kavovit guest-starred as Max Poole,


title: "Michael Stevenson (educator)" content: Prize for graduate studies in political science and was later was awarded a post-doctoral Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship for teaching and research in Nigeria. Before his appointment as President of Simon Fraser University, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts, and as Vice-President Academic and Provost at York University. He has served as Chair of the British Columbia Council for International Education, and Chair of the Council of Western Canadian University Presidents. Additionally, he served on the Board of the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS), as Chair of the University Presidents’ Council of British Columbia, Chair


title: "Battleship (film)" content: the fleet. Three alien warships surface and commence to engage both the "Sampson" and "Myōkō" which are destroyed, resulting in Stone's death, while the command crew of "John Paul Jones" are killed. With Alex assuming command as the ranking officer, they recover the survivors from "Myōkō" including its commanding officer, Captain Yugi Nagata. The aliens also launch drones to attack Hawaii which cause heavy damage. On Oahu, Sam is accompanying retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel and double amputee Mick Canales on a mountain hike. After becoming aware of the aliens' presence, they encounter scientist Cal Zapata who informs them the


title: "Cyclone Onil" content: deep convection. Additionally, Dvorak technique intensity estimates reached 3.5, indicating a high-end tropical storm. However, the JTWC stated maximum winds to be 65 km/h (40 mph), a low-end tropical storm. As the storm neared the Indian coastline, dry air quickly entered the circulation, causing most of the convection associated with Onil to dissipate. Located within 100 km (65 mi) of land, the JTWC downgraded the system to a tropical depression and the IMD downgraded Onil to a deep depression. On October 3, the center of Onil skimmed the coastline of northwestern India; however, the center did not cross land. Around


title: "Roberto Etxebarria Arruti" content: Etxebarria played seven times for Spain over an eight-year period, after making his debut on 22 April 1928 in a friendly with Italy, in Gijón. Roberto Etxebarria Arruti Roberto Etxebarria Arruti (6 May 1908 – 17 February 1981) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder. Born in Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Etxebarria spent his entire career in his native Basque Country, starting with local Unión Deportiva Eibarresa and signing with Deportivo Alavés in 1927. The following year he joined Athletic Bilbao, going on to remain with the club for the following eight seasons. Etxebarria made his official debut for the


title: "The Killing (Danish TV series)" content: that he had left Afghanistan before the killings. Lund is uneasy about Strange's alibis for the murders, but takes him with her to Afghanistan to investigate a new suspect. Lund's persistence results in the discovery of the bones of the Afghan civilians. Upon returning to Denmark, Lund meets her mother, who has had a premonition of Lund lying dead. Following a further search of a military barracks, suspicion falls on Captain Bilal, an anti-Taliban Muslim who kidnaps Raben's wife Louise. Raben and Jarnvig lead Lund and Strange to Bilal, who blows himself up before they are able to question him.


title: "2010 Tampa Bay Storm season" content: yards and 5 touchdowns. Despite the late turnover, Rubin was the team's leading receiver with 147 yards and a pair of touchdown receptions. With their eighth consecutive win, the Storm clinched a playoff berth. The Storm looked to take their second win in The War on I-4 in 2010. They entered the game having already known the Jacksonville Sharks wrapped up the division championship with a win the night before. This meant that win or lose to the Preds, the Storm would be heading to Tulsa for the conference semifinals against the Talons. Still, the Storm fell behind early against


title: "Charlton Greenwood Ogburn" content: helped to draft the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. In 1938 Ogburn supported William Green's attempts to maintain the unity of the AFL and resist the breakaway Committee of Industrial Organizations (COI) union. In what has been described as "an incredible display of legal gymnastics" he argued that the AFL's Executive Council did have the power to suspend the COI, contrary to the plain wording of the AFL's constitution. The result was the creation of the independent Congress of Industrial Organizations. Ogburn was drawn into the Shakespeare authorship question when leading Oxfordian Charles Wisner Barrell approached him for assistance


title: "Human rights in Tibet" content: Dalai Lama, Purshottam Trikamdas and the ICJ" (International Commission of Jurists) "all claimed to have found proof of sterilization; yet they failed to produce a single person who could be clinically examined to verify these claims." A demographical survey of Pala – an area located in Western Changtang about 300 miles north-west of Lhasa – conducted by tibetologist Melvyn Goldstein brings to light that from 1959 to 1990 large families remained the norm and that no reproductive restraints were imposed on nomadic herders: "Despite repeated claims in the West that the Chinese had imposed a strict policy of birth control


title: "Alisma subcordatum" content: Alisma subcordatum Alisma subcordatum, the American water plantain, is a perennial aquatic plant in the water-plantain family (Alismataceae). This plant grows to about 3 feet (1 meter) in height with lance to oval shaped leaves rising from bulbous corms with fibrous roots. Any leaves that form underwater are weak and quick to rot; they rarely remain on adult plants. A branched inflorescence with white to pink 3 petaled flowers blooms from June to September. The seeds are eaten by waterfowl and upland birds. The species name "subcordatum" means "almost heart-shaped". American water plantain is native to most of eastern and


title: "Alisma subcordatum" content: central United States and Canada from Texas to Georgia, north to Manitoba and New Brunswick, though it has not been reported from Florida. It grows in the mud of still to slow moving water, seeps, and wetlands. Alisma subcordatum Alisma subcordatum, the American water plantain, is a perennial aquatic plant in the water-plantain family (Alismataceae). This plant grows to about 3 feet (1 meter) in height with lance to oval shaped leaves rising from bulbous corms with fibrous roots. Any leaves that form underwater are weak and quick to rot; they rarely remain on adult plants. A branched inflorescence with


title: "Richard Bolitho, Midshipman" content: towards West Africa, they encounter an empty merchantman, the "City of Athens". Dancer and Bolitho are sent aboard the ship and discover that it has been pillaged and the crew killed. The officers soon deduce that the ship was raided by pirates and Captain Conway announces that the Admiralty had dispatched them to investigate the disappearance of ships in the region. In company with the captured "City of Athens", the "Gorgon" approaches a coastal fort surrounded by treacherous reefs and shoals. They sight two ships in the nearby harbour. The fort then opens fire and disables the "City of Athens".


title: "William E. Harmon Foundation Award for Distinguished Achievement Among Negroes" content: distinct presence in the American art world. Among the many recipients of the awards in literature and the fine arts were Claude McKay, Hale Woodruff, Palmer Hayden, Archibald Motley (his winning piece was "The Octoroon Girl"), Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes. The awards were closely associated with an annual "Exhibition of the Work of Negro Artists", conceived by Mary Brady. Exhibitions were held in 1927 through 1931, 1933, and 1935, and featured "substantial prizes" together with gold, silver and bronze medals. According to Gates and Higginbotham, "...submissions in the fine arts category was the chief venue open to African American


title: Sandarmokh content: Sandarmokh Sandarmokh (; ) is a forest massif from Medvezhyegorsk in the Republic of Karelia where thousands of victims of Stalin's Great Terror were executed. Over 9,000 people of more than 58 nationalities were shot and buried there in 236 communal pits over a 14-month period in 1937 and 1938. A thousand of the victims were from the Solovki special prison in the White Sea. It was long thought that the barges carrying them were deliberately sunk on the way to the mainland, drowning all the prisoners on board. Today Sandarmokh is a memorial to the crimes of Stalin and


title: Sandarmokh content: his regime and since 1998 has been the focus of an international Day of Remembrance on 5 August every year. On 27 October 1937, 1,116 prisoners were loaded onto three barges and taken from Solovki to the mainland. Only in 1996, thanks to the efforts of (1938-2002), co-chairman of the Memorial research centre in St Petersburg, were documents found in the archives of the Arkhangelsk department of the Federal Security Service (FSB) throwing light on the subsequent fate of the "first Solovki transport". These included the lists of those men and women who were to be shot. (One died before


title: Sandarmokh content: he could be executed; four more were sent to other parts of the Gulag.) After years of work on the ground in Karelia by Yury A. Dmitriev, this documentary evidence pointed the way to the identification on 1 July 1997 of the Solovki prisoners' last resting place and that of another 8,000 executed individuals. The location would subsequently be given the local (Karelian) name "Sandarmokh" (sometimes spelled "Sandormokh"). The story of that search and discovery has recently been told by Irina Flige, head of the Memorial Education and Information Centre in St Petersburg. In 2015 Dmitriev recounted how he, Flige


title: Sandarmokh content: and the late Veniamin Ioffe had found the burial site. According to documents found in the FSB archives in Arkhangelsk, there were people of 58 nationalities among those shot at Sandarmokh. Three hundred monuments have been erected around the site since 1997 to commemorate the many victims of this killing field, individually and as representatives of particular nations and cultures, and an international Day of Remembrance has been held there every 5 August since 1998. In 2010, Patriarch Kirill of the Russian Orthodox Church led the mass for the slain victims of Stalin at Sandarmokh, just as he and his


title: Sandarmokh content: predecessor Alexy II have done, every year since 2007, at the Butovo killing field near Moscow. Today, thanks to the Memorial Society, to Venyamin Ioffe and Yury Dmitriev, over 5,000 of the dead of Sandarmokh can again be named and remembered individually, at the place where they lie buried. Ukraine declared 2012 as "Sandarmokh List Year" in reference to several hundred members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia who were executed there because they inspired the people of Ukraine with their own national culture, filling them "with pride and strength". The thousands executed over 14 months from October 1937 to December 1938


title: Sandarmokh content: fall into three broad groups. Many were from Karelia. More were prisoners or "special settlers" (i.e. peasants exiled to the North after the collectivisation of agriculture) who worked on the White Sea Canal. A smaller group was brought there from Solovki. According to the archives, wrote Dmitriev, more than nine thousand men and women were shot at Sandarmokh during this period: 3,500 were inhabitants of Karelia, 4,500 were prisoners working for the White Sea - Baltic Canal, and 1,111 were brought here from the Solovki special prison. Alongside hard-working peasants, fishermen and hunters from nearby villages, there were writers and


title: Sandarmokh content: poets, scientists and scholars, military leaders, doctors, teachers, engineers, clergy of all confessions and statesmen who found their final resting place here. Among the last named group were prominent members of the intelligentsia from the many national and ethnic cultures of the USSR—for example, Finns, Karelians, and Volga Germans. Ukraine was especially singled out, losing 289 of its writers, dramatists and other public figures, the "Executed Renaissance", in a single day. The following 25 individuals illustrate this variety. They are listed by surname in alphabetical order: People of Finnish origin who emigrated to the USSR and were later arrested and


title: Sandarmokh content: shot at Sandarmokh by the NKVD, are listed by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr in their study "In Denial: Historians, Communism, and Espionage" (2003). They included 141 Finnish Americans, and 127 Finnish Canadians. It is often said or assumed of Soviet mass executions that they were carried out by firing squad. For the Soviet regime and, later, the Third Reich, this method of execution was the exception, not the rule. From early days onwards, the preferred Soviet method of quick despatch was to dig a trench and then, the executioner standing immediately behind the upright or kneeling victim, shoot


title: Sandarmokh content: the victims at point blank range in the back of the head. This was the famous "nine grammes of lead". The victims tumbled into the trench and were buried; sometimes another shot (контрольный выстрел, kontrolnyi vystrel) was fired into the victim's head to make sure he or she was dead, sometimes only one shot was used. (A rare, extended description by a former executioner of how such mass killings were organised can be found in Lev Razgon's 1988 memoirs.) This was the method used at Sandarmokh, Krasny Bor and Svirlag in the late 1930s, as the skulls found at these


title: Sandarmokh content: sites amply testify. Cross-examined while under arrest in 1939, the chief executioner Mikhail Matveyev said he made the victims lie face down in the prepared trench and then shot them. Yury Dmitriev went one step further than many who have attempted, since the late 1980s, to commemorate the victims of the Stalin years. Together with Razumov he also published, to the indignation of their descendants and, some suggest, of the present regime, the names of the members of the troika which rubber-stamped decisions to shoot a list of individuals—the accused were not present at these sessions, no one defended their


title: Sandarmokh content: rights—and of the execution squad leaders. The man sent from Leningrad on 16 October 1937 to organise the shooting of the Solovki transport, Matveyev, was an experienced NKVD executioner. He was succeeded at Sandarmokh by I.A. Bondarenko and his deputy A.F. Shondysh. Matveyev survived into old age; his successors were both arrested in 1938 and shot in 1939 for "exceeding their authorisation". Starting in 2016, there were attempts to revise this account of the shootings at Sandarmokh, and claim that among the dead were Soviet POWs shot by the invading Finns in 1941-1944. There were newspaper articles and TV broadcasts


title: Sandarmokh content: in Russia; there was also a publication in the Finnish press. The motivation behind this claim and the supposed new evidence were both challenged. In a lengthy and detailed investigation, Russian journalist Anna Yarovaya examined the evidence and interviewed historians and those who had found the site. She talked to Finnish historians of the Second World War; Irina Flige of the Memorial Society and Sergei Kashtanov, head of the district administration where the killing fields were found. She also interviewed Sergei Verigin, one of the Russian historians putting forward the new hypothesis. Russian newspapers and television had talked of "thousands"


title: Sandarmokh content: of POWs being shot by the Finns and buried at Sandarmokh: speaking on the record to Yarovaya, Verigin was more cautious and spoke of dozens and hundreds. Some weeks after Dmitriev's acquittal, the Karelian edition of the State-run Rossiya TV channel announced briefly on 22 April 2018 that there would be new investigations at Sandarmokh "this summer". Sandarmokh Sandarmokh (; ) is a forest massif from Medvezhyegorsk in the Republic of Karelia where thousands of victims of Stalin's Great Terror were executed. Over 9,000 people of more than 58 nationalities were shot and buried there in 236 communal pits over


title: "Justin Wong" content: tournament coming out of the loser's bracket. He also placed just out of the top 8 in Super Street Fighter IV, losing to Bruce "Gamerbee" Hsiang in an exciting match. Wong also participated in the reality show WCG Ultimate Gamer. He made it as far as the Gauntlet (series of semi-final elimination challenges), but was eliminated during the Forza Motorsport 3 driving challenge. Wong stormed through the tournament without losing a set up until the grand finals where he won the tournament and the $10,000 1st prize using Kung Lao, playing against Floe's Ermac in the finals. In 2015, Wong


title: "Mentors (TV series)" content: Mentors (TV series) Mentors is a Canadian science fiction fantasy series that aired on Family Channel. It was aired on Discovery Kids in the United States and Latin America. It also aired in Japan on NHK where it was dubbed in Japanese. As of 2018, the series has begun airing worldwide on YouTube on the Encore+ channel. "Mentors" follows the adventures of 15-year-old boy genius Oliver Cates who uses his computer to bring famous historical figures such as Albert Einstein, Alexander Graham Bell, and Joan of Arc from the past into the present for 36 hours. He and his friend


title: "Reactions to the Northwest Airlines Flight 253 attack" content: has not declared the incident an official terrorist act. Representative Hoekstra said that Detroit may not have been singled out for the attack, but the focus may have simply been to attack a destination with many international travelers. The attack occurred over the city because the plane had not flown over U.S. land prior to that time. In addition, it was suggested that it is possible that the attack was a test to see if such materials could pass through screening, and how much damage the blast would cause. The U.S. is examining what information it had before the attack,


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: Polistes chinensis Polistes chinensis is a polistine vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus "Polistes", and is commonly known as the Asian, Chinese or Japanese paper wasp. It is found in East Asia, in particular China and Japan. The subspecies "P. chinensis antennalis" is an invasive species in New Zealand, having arrived in 1979. The wasps prey on invertebrates, especially caterpillars. In this species, queens destroy up to 70% of worker-laid eggs and are aided by workers in a process known as worker policing. "P. chinensis" is a member of the cosmopolitan genus "Polistes", the largest genus in the family Vespidae,


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: with over 300 recognized species and subspecies. Two subspecies are known: The Asian paper wasp has a slender body about in length. Their bodies are reddish brown or black, with yellow rings and reddish areas on the abdomen. Their wings are reddish or amber brown, and they have long legs that hang down during flight. The general morphology of the spermatheca is similar in both reproductive and non- reproductive individuals.The spermathecal gland attaches to the central region of the spermatheca. The Asian paper wasp frequently constructs nests on man-made structures including houses and buildings. It will also build nests on


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: trees or bushes, usually on branches, but sometimes on leaves as well. "P. chinensis" prefers to colonize urban habitats, but nests have also been recorded near forest clearings. They sometimes build their nests in dense shrubs, making them difficult to locate. Large populations usually develop in warm, lowland areas with open habitat such as shrublands, swamps and meadows. The paper wasp is native to East Asia. It has been recorded in China, Japan, Korea and Mongolia. The subspecies "P. chinensis antennalis" is invasive in New Zealand. It is widespread in the North Island and the northern South Island and competes


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: with native species for food, It has since been recorded in Norfolk Island and New South Wales. At least two independent invasion events, linked to Kanto and Kyushu, Japan, have been proposed as sources of the New Zealand wasps. The Asian paper wasp was first recorded in New Zealand in 1979, in Kohimarama and the Whangaparaoa Peninsula. It remained confined to these areas of Auckland until 1984, when it began appearing in inner city areas and western suburbs. An overwintered female, who has been inseminated during the previous autumn, emerges during the spring and begins nest cell construction and egg


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: laying. The first broods emerge in late spring or early summer and are entirely female. Males are produced from early summer onwards. Following male production, no more females are produced for the rest of the season. This colony cycle can be divided into three stages: a solitary stage, a superindividual stage and a social stage. During the solitary stage the foundress builds the nest and cares for the first generation of brood. This stage ends when the first workers emerge. The superindividual stage ends when the first reproductive forms emerge. The social stage ends when the colony disintegrates. Food collection


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: is very costly to the foundress of a colony and carries a high risk of mortality. However, it is a necessary activity for colony survival. Most collected proteinaceous material is consumed by larvae. A significant amount, fourteen percent, is allocated to oral secretions. "P. chinensis", like many social wasps, uses a proteinaceous oral secretion to glue nest material to maintain and build the nest. The oral secretion of P. chinensis is 73% proteinaceous materials. The queen will augment this investment in response to the environment. Oral secretions increase during rainy seasons, because the foundress must smear oral secretion frequently over


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: the nest surfaces to avoid risk of destruction. Nests in exposed sites vs. sheltered sites show no significant difference in dry weight of secretions produced by the foundress. However, foundresses that nest in sheltered sites bring in more prey then those at exposed sites. Therefore, the relative amount of proteinaceous resources allocated to oral secretions is greater, at 22%. Foraging by a lone foundress has a high cost of predation risk for both herself and her brood. Furthermore, foraging success of a lone foundress has been estimated to be low. Rather than increase foraging time," P. chinensis" will cannibalize their


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: own larvae when there is not enough honey or prey available during the solitary stage of colony development. The foundress targets larvae of different developmental stages depending on whether prey or honey is the limiting resource. Under scarce prey condition, foundresses cannibalize young larvae and intensively feed them to older larvae to ensure successful production of the first generation of workers. It is important that the queen successfully rear the first set of brood because she has a high risk of mortality while maintaining the nest on her own. In a honey limited environment, older larvae are more likely to


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: be targeted. When larvae do not consume honey, they no longer produce saliva, which is an important nutrient resource for the adult wasp. When large larvae cannot produce enough saliva they are more likely to be cannibalized as a nutrient resource for the foundress herself. Foundresses need to leave the nest to gather prey, nest materials and water. When she does so there is a risk that conspecific females will depredate her brood. These females fly to a nest, pull out a single larva and return to their own nests to feed their own larva with it. Foundresses chase off


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: attacking females by spiral flight, whereby two females fly in the air in a double helix pattern. Attendance on nests successfully deters attacking females. Foundresses use the loss of a larva as a cue to assess predation risk, and increase their defense efforts in response. When a larva is removed, lone foundresses increase the total time spent on the nest by decreasing time spent on each off nest activities, and increasing the time interval between consecutive activities. There is not a difference in the number of off nest activities. After 30 minutes following the removal of a larva, the time


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: spent on the nest begins returning to the pre-removal level. After 60 minutes, time spent on the nest returns to pre- removal levels. Asian paper wasps are monandrous. Like other species of eusocial wasp, males are haploid and emerge from unfertilized eggs. Workers are .5 times genetically related to their sons, .375 times to their nephews, .25 times to their brothers, and .75 times to their sisters. According to kin selection theory, this relatedness predicts worker queen conflict. Workers should police the foundresses male eggs. However, this model does not seem to apply to" P. chinensis". In fact, the opposite


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: occurs, workers police each other. Workers police each other's eggs. 88.5% of queens eggs survive to hatching vs 1.4% of worker’s. Worker reproduction is frequent in queen-right colonies in which the queen is alive. Both queen and workers replaced workers eggs. P. chinensis was studied alongside Polistes snelleni for comparison in this conflict. In P. snelleni, queens monopolize egg production. Queens contributed 2.4 times more to replacing than workers. Workers sequentially perform oophagy and oviposition in the same cells. The ratio of worker-produced eggs to eggs laid by the queen is 3 or 4 times to one in a colony


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: having between 100 and 500 wasps. Worker-worker policing is predicted to occur in polyandrous nests. A few hypotheses have been proposed to explain worker policing in the monandrous "P. chinensis". The colony efficiency hypothesis proposes that worker policing is selected for because worker production imposes a cost on worker productivity. However worker oophagy is only observed in conjunction with oviposition. The colony efficiency theory predicts that even non reproductive workers would participate in policing. Another explanation is that worker policing occurs because of the size constraints of the colony. Workers collectively produce more eggs than the queen. The difference in


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: egg production becomes more pronounced as the colony grows larger. Therefore, as nest size increases, competition for limited oviposition space becomes more intense, with workers destroying their nestmates eggs so they have room for their own. This theory has yet to be confirmed. Foundresses in "P. chinensis" control colony investment but allow worker oviposition. On average, around 40% of males in queen-right colonies are the sons of workers. The observed sex allocation ratio in field observations performed by the Natural History Museum and Institute in Japan was .61, while the expected ratio in queen-right colonies is .48. Variation in sex


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: allocation ratio is likely explained by limited queen control. "P. chinensis" collects nectar and honeydew from flowers. The wasp is a parasitoid and preys on invertebrates, preferring larvae and caterpillars of lepidopteran insects (moths and butterflies) for protein resources. Asian paper wasps also feed on the larvae of other conspecific females. Larval saliva is an important nutrient resource for adult Asian paper wasps. This contains a high concentration of free amino acids, 50 times that of floral nectars, and is nutritionally analogous to nectar. The species doesn't conflicting with each other. In unexpected event such as the rainstorm can cause


title: "Polistes chinensis" content: the species confrontation. In which, the wasp will destroy the ant colony or the opposite around. Polistes chinensis Polistes chinensis is a polistine vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus "Polistes", and is commonly known as the Asian, Chinese or Japanese paper wasp. It is found in East Asia, in particular China and Japan. The subspecies "P. chinensis antennalis" is an invasive species in New Zealand, having arrived in 1979. The wasps prey on invertebrates, especially caterpillars. In this species, queens destroy up to 70% of worker-laid eggs and are aided by workers in a process known as worker policing. "P.


title: "Spartina pectinata" content: Spartina pectinata Spartina pectinata is a species of cordgrass known by the common names prairie cordgrass, freshwater cordgrass, tall marshgrass, and sloughgrass. It is native to much of North America, including central and eastern Canada and most of the contiguous United States except for the southwestern and southeastern regions. Its distribution extends into Mexico. It is also present on other continents as an introduced species. This grass has hard, sturdy, hollow stems that may reach in height. They grow from a network of woody rhizomes and tough roots that form a sod. The roots penetrate over into the soil. The


title: "Spartina pectinata" content: leaves have sharp, serrated edges. The panicle may be up to long and may have many branches. Each spikelet is up to in length. This grass can spread via its rhizome, producing large monotypic stands. This plant can grow in a variety of habitat types, but it is a facultative wetland species, most often found in wet habitats. These include fens, wet prairies, rivers, floodplains, ponds, moraines, and marshes. The grass is tolerant of water, but it does not tolerate prolonged flooding. Its dense root network stabilizes soil, even in areas where it would be eroded by flowing water. Livestock


title: "Spartina pectinata" content: may graze on this plant when it is young, but once it matures it becomes very coarse and unpalatable. This species has been investigated as a possible source of biofuel. The larvae of Photedes inops hosted on Spartina pectinata, apparently exclusively. Spartina pectinata Spartina pectinata is a species of cordgrass known by the common names prairie cordgrass, freshwater cordgrass, tall marshgrass, and sloughgrass. It is native to much of North America, including central and eastern Canada and most of the contiguous United States except for the southwestern and southeastern regions. Its distribution extends into Mexico. It is also present on


title: "Hurricane dynamics and cloud microphysics" content: removed, the storm weakens but not as much as when all ice processes are removed. And when evaporation is turned off, the storm increases in intensity dramatically. They conclude that melting and evaporation processes are important in amplifying tropical cyclones. Different cumulus parameterization schemes were derived for different situations. The Betts-Miller scheme (or the derivative Betts-Miller-Janjic) attempts to ensure that the local vertical temperature and moisture structures be realistic. The Betts-Miller(-Janjic) scheme is often used when simulating tropical cyclones. Davis and Bosart (2002) simulated Hurricane Diana (1984) which underwent extratropical transition. They used the Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus parameterization scheme in two


title: "Sustainable redevelopment" content: Sustainable redevelopment Sustainable redevelopment is the doctrine within which a state, organization, or individual can work to recreate a socio-economic position attained prior to a deconstructive event while upholding sustainable and environmental practices. The doctrine is based on economics within environmentalism. Typically, by providing more upfront capital, one can create a system that is less energy intensive, less wasteful, and generally less expensive to maintain in the long run. By redeveloping sustainably, long term energy efficiencies can be realized, coupled with highly reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Within the ideals of nation-building, sustainable redevelopment can take up a greater significance. Post-disaster


title: "Racism in Germany" content: on White". He said that "I hadn't known what we would discover, and had thought maybe the story will be, what a tolerant and accepting country we have become, unfortunately I was wrong." Despite widespread rejection of Nazi Germany in modern Germany, there have been Neo-Nazi activities and organizations in post-war Germany. At times these groups face legal issues. Hence the Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit, Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists, Free German Workers' Party, and the Nationalist Front were all banned. The National Democratic Party of Germany has been accused of Neo-Nazi or Neo-Fascist leanings Racism in Germany


title: "Sussex dialect" content: were also differences between downland and Wealden communities. In particular, the people of the Weald were thought to have the most impenetrable accents. The Sussex dialect shows remarkable continuity: the three main dialect areas reflect the historic county's history. The west and mid dialect areas reflect the ancient division of Sussex between East and West, which until the creation of the rape of Bramber in the 11th century lay along the river Adur. The eastern dialect area reflects the unique history of the Hastings area, which was home to the kingdom of the Haestingas until the 8th century. Sussex dialect


title: "Malaysia Film Festival" content: Malaysian Film festival was revealed to the public. It came to attention that "Jagat" and "Ola Bola", both of which were critically acclaimed and the latter being one of the highest grossing domestic films of all time, were disqualified from the Best Film category of FFM28 to be put instead in the Best Non-Bahasa Malaysia Film category. The reasoning given was that the films had not followed the criteria amount of the Bahasa Malaysia used, which is around 70 percent. The move was deemed to be undeserving and thus received intense backlash from both filmmakers and netizens alike, particularly from


title: "ELAC Action Plans" content: ELAC Action Plans eLAC is an intergovernmental strategy that conceives of information and communications technologies (ICTs) as instruments for economic development and social inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is based on a public-private sector partnership and is part of a long-term vision (until 2015) in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), those of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), and now, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It contributes to the implementation of these long-term goals by pursuing a consecutive series of frequently adjusted short-term action plans with concrete qualitative and quantitative goals to be


title: "The Pandorica Opens" content: the "ghostly" and "haunted" feeling of the chamber. Gillan stated that she found the music very useful. For the scene in which the Doctor, Amy, and River are riding on horses, the close-ups of the characters riding were filmed by having the actors sit on a saddle mounted on the back of a truck and act like they were riding horses. Gillan called this the "strangest thing" she had ever done, and was sure she "looked ridiculous". They were filmed performing this as the truck drove to achieve the effect of the passing country. Wide shots were taken of stunt


title: "British Coal Corp v R" content: which colonial laws "repugnant" to laws, orders, or regulations imposed by the United Kingdom Parliament were to be considered "absolutely void and inoperative." That was the basis on which the prohibition of appeals to the Privy Council in criminal matters had been struck down in "Nadan." British Coal Corp v R British Coal Corp v R is a decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in which the authority of the Canadian Parliament to prohibit appeals to the JCPC in criminal cases was upheld. In 1875, the Parliament of Canada established the Supreme Court of Canada as a


title: "Houstonia pusilla" content: Houstonia pusilla Houstonia pusilla (tiny bluet) is a plant in the family Rubiaceae native to the United States and common in the southeastern and central parts of the country, from Texas to Florida north to Delaware and South Dakota, plus an isolated population in Pima County, Arizona. "Houstonia pusilla" is a short plant or less in height with a tiny blue toned, yellow centered four lobed flower with a diameter. The plant has a center rosette form and green herbaceous foliage with leaves up to long. The leaves are opposite and each flower grows from a single branch growing from


title: "Houstonia pusilla" content: the leaf axil. This plant requires full sun and blooms in spring and early summer. It is a groundcover multiplying by self sowing and grows in mildly acidic soil where the grass is thin and moisture is adequate to support the plant. Houstonia pusilla Houstonia pusilla (tiny bluet) is a plant in the family Rubiaceae native to the United States and common in the southeastern and central parts of the country, from Texas to Florida north to Delaware and South Dakota, plus an isolated population in Pima County, Arizona. "Houstonia pusilla" is a short plant or less in height with


title: "Sarus the Goth" content: Sarus the Goth Sarus or Saurus (d. 413 AD) was a Gothic chieftain and commander for the emperor Honorius. He was known for his hostility to the prominent Gothic brothers-in-law Alaric I and Ataulf, and was the brother of Sigeric, who ruled the Goths briefly in 415. Nothing is known of his life before he comes to notice in 406 commanding a force of Gothic troops, along with other barbarian "foederati", against the invasion of Italy by Radagaisus of 405-6. Roman and federate troops ultimately defeated the invaders at the Battle of Faesulae. In 407 he was sent against the


title: "Gradient boosting" content: not used in the building of the next base learner. Out-of-bag estimates help avoid the need for an independent validation dataset, but often underestimate actual performance improvement and the optimal number of iterations. Gradient tree boosting implementations often also use regularization by limiting the minimum number of observations in trees' terminal nodes (this parameter is called codice_1 in the R codice_2 package). It is used in the tree building process by ignoring any splits that lead to nodes containing fewer than this number of training set instances. Imposing this limit helps to reduce variance in predictions at leaves. Another useful


title: Qayyoma content: Marutha, and persuaded them to depose him as unfit for his office. 'I only accepted the office because I was compelled to do so, as none of you wanted to be in charge. Now, since God has taken pity on his church and restored peace, it is not reasonable that a man like me, rude and infirm, and incapable of steering the ship of the church properly, should remain its head.' The bishops refused to release him from his charge, but he urged them in the name of God to do so, and persuaded Marutha to force them to agree.


title: Huma-rhythm content: able to live happier with these [concepts]", which retailer HMV further notes as "symbolizing her position in living according to her roots." Hitomi listened to Strawberry Flower, Fantastic Plastic Machine, A Tribe Called Quest, and Bran Van 3000 during its recording, though she affirmed that none of these artists influenced "Huma-rhythm" directly. "Innocence" was recorded as an "image song" (イメージソング) for the Fuji TV coverage of the 28th Berlin Marathon, which Takahashi was a participant of, and it is said that the department's producer asked Hitomi personally. When asked by Yuko Ayakawa of "Groovin"' how she felt "[being] supported by


title: "Steak knife" content: Steak knife A steak knife is a sharp table knife, used for cutting steak. These often feature serrated blades and wooden handles, and are the only sharp knife commonly found at the modern table. Specialized steak knives emerged in America following World War II. Prior to World War I, all table knives were sharp, but required frequent upkeep—sharpening and polishing. With the decline in domestic workers (household servants), this upkeep became less feasible. Stainless steel became widespread following World War I, which did not require polishing, but did require sharpening due to manufacturing limits. Following World War II, serrated stainless


title: "Steak knife" content: steel steak knives were introduced which required neither polishing nor frequent sharpening, and proved an instant hit. In the 1950s heat treatment of stainless steel was introduced, allowing knives to remain sufficiently sharp without needing serrations, but by this point serrated steak knives had become well-established and continued to be used. In Medieval Europe, a sharp knife and hands were the only eating utensils, and portable sharp knives continue to be used to this day in rural Europe, as in the Laguiole knife in France. By contrast, in most of Asia and Africa, knives have long been the only utensil


title: "Steak knife" content: used in the kitchen (meat either being cut into pieces or cooked so that it could be pulled apart with the hands), with only hands, spoons, or chopsticks used at the table. Steak knife A steak knife is a sharp table knife, used for cutting steak. These often feature serrated blades and wooden handles, and are the only sharp knife commonly found at the modern table. Specialized steak knives emerged in America following World War II. Prior to World War I, all table knives were sharp, but required frequent upkeep—sharpening and polishing. With the decline in domestic workers (household servants),


title: "ML Sultan Technikon" content: ML Sultan Technikon ML Sultan is located in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and has now merged with Technikon Natal to form the Durban University of Technology. The institution was named after Mohammed Lappa Sultan, who donated funds in 1941 to establish a technical college in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This institute provided educational opportunities to “non-white” people that had previously not been available in the region. In 1946, the Minister declared the ML Sultan Technical College an approved institution for Higher Education, in terms of the Higher Education act of 1923. On August 7, 1956, the ML Sultan Technical College was


title: "Telephone exchange" content: were connected to an individual pair of wires from the switching system. A typical central office may have tens of thousands of pairs of wires that appear on terminal blocks called the main distribution frame (MDF). A component of the MDF is protection: fuses or other devices that protect the switch from lightning, shorts with electric power lines, or other foreign voltages. In a typical telephone company, a large database tracks information about each subscriber pair and the status of each jumper. Before computerization of Bell System records in the 1980s, this information was handwritten in pencil in accounting ledger


title: "Targeted therapy of lung cancer" content: and/or radiation therapy than are NSCLC's. Therefore, current traditional treatment guidelines and standards of care recommend, when possible, the use of surgery for NSCLC, and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for SCLC. While a very large number of agents targeting various molecular pathways are being developed and tested, the main classes and agents that are now being used in lung cancer treatment include: Targeted agents are beginning to permit the design of more rational treatment regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which comprises about 80% to 85% of all lung cancers. While there have been no randomized clinical trials


title: "Joey Kramer Hit Hard" content: Joey Kramer Hit Hard Joey Kramer Hit Hard, also known as "Hit Hard" is a music game developed for the iOS in February 2010. It is the first game in the series. Joey Kramer's new iPhone application is named after the drummer's gritty, soul-searching book, "Hit Hard: A Story of Hitting Rock Bottom at the Top," which was released in June 2009. On February 26, 2010, American studio Paid, Inc. released the first version of the Joey Kramer Hit Hard iPhone Game to the iTunes Store. It is Compatible with iPhone and iPod touch. Requires iPhone OS 3.0 or later.


title: "Dartmouth Big Green men's ice hockey" content: in scoring, posting 41 assists and 78 points, setting season- and career-best marks for Dartmouth while his brother tied the team record for goals in one season with 45. Dartmouth slipped a bit in the standings, finishing 16–5 during the season but they returned to the tournament along with the same three teams from the year before. The Indians were given a change to avenge their loss from the year before and took advantage by dropping the powerhouse Wolverines 4–2 and reached their second championship game. Over the course of the season Boston College had lost only one game and


title: "Hermann Baumgarten" content: propaganda. In 1861, he also took up a teaching post at the Technical University of Karlsruhe. As a champion of Prussian/German liberalism, Baumgarten faced the dilemma as to whether or not to accept the military and political successes of Prussia's conservative Prime Minister, Otto von Bismarck. In 1866, Baumgarten published his support of Bismarck's policies in an essay entitled "A Self-Criticism of German Liberalism". This work essentially ended radical German liberalism as a force, whereupon many Prussians joined the Bismarck-supporting National Liberal Party), and allowed the new German empire to nationalize and solidify. In 1872, Baumgarten became Professor of History


title: "Panos Kiamos" content: turning into 9 consecutive months (April–January). In the summer of 2006, while still performing at "Asteria", Kiamos signed with Universal Music; his first collaboration with the label, "Monima Erotevmenos", was released in June that year. In October, Kiamos began performing at "Anodos" in Piraeus. At the start of May 2007, Kiamos agreed to perform at "Politeia" in Thessaloniki. The CD single "Metakomizo" was released as a forerunner to his next full album, "Gyrna Se Mena". In October, Kiamos returned to "Anodos" for a second series of performances. At the start of 2008, Kiamos began a series of appearances at "Pyli


title: "John Hummer" content: Wind River Systems and Hyperion Solutions. Other notable companies that they have provided venture capital for that no longer exist are Napster, Pets.com, and HomeGrocer. John Hummer John Hummer (born May 4, 1948) is an American venture capitalist and retired professional basketball player who was an original member of the Buffalo Braves after starring for the Princeton Tigers men's basketball team. He also led his high school to the 1966 Virginia State 1A championship and helped Princeton earn a 1967–68 co-Ivy League Championship as well as a 1968–69 outright Ivy League Championship. Over the course of his basketball career, he


title: "OSF HealthCare" content: OSF HealthCare OSF HealthCare is a not-for-profit Catholic health care corporation that operates a medical group, hospital system, and other health care facilities in Illinois and Michigan. Headquartered in Peoria, Illinois, OSF HealthCare is owned and operated by the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis. The sisters arrived in Iowa City, Iowa in 1875 from Germany. At the request of Rev. Bernard Baak in Peoria, Illinois, six sisters were sent there to care for the sick in 1876. The sisters became an independent religious community in 1877. A major expansion of OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, the largest


title: Cretors content: Cretors C. Cretors & Company is an American manufacturing company, specializing in popcorn machines and other concessions equipment. It was established in 1885 with the invention of the first large-scale commercial popcorn machine to pop corn in oil. C. Cretors & Co. is in Wood Dale, Illinois and is still owned by the Cretors family. Charles Cretors was originally from Lebanon, Ohio, but eventually made his way to Decatur, Illinois, where he opened a bakery and eventually a confectionery shop. He purchased a peanut roaster for his shop to broaden his product line to include freshly roasted peanuts. He was


title: "Amorpha canescens" content: Amorpha canescens Amorpha canescens, known as leadplant, downy indigo bush, prairie shoestring, or buffalo bellows, is a small, perennial semi-shrub in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to North America. It has very small purple flowers with yellow stamens which are grouped in racemes. Depending on location, the flowers bloom from late June through mid-September. The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden (the reason for the common name "leadplant") due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow up to deep and can spread up to radially. This plant can be found growing in well drained soils of prairies, bluffs,


title: "Amorpha canescens" content: and open woodlands. Typically between tall, leadplant can be identified by its small purple flowers grouped in long spikes and its grey-green leaflets that are alternate and pinnately compound. The plant produces fruits in the form of hairy legumes each with one seed inside. The flower and leafing pattern is similar to "Amorpha fruticosa", however, "A. canescens" typically only grows to be high and prefers drier habitats whereas "A. fruticosa" can grow to be high and lives in wetter areas. Leadplant is used for a variety of different purposes. indigenous peoples such as the Oglala use the plant for medicinal


title: "Amorpha canescens" content: purposes. Some indigenous tribes believed that the plant could aide in treating pinworms, eczema, rheumatism, neuralgia, open wounds, and cuts. The leaves of the plant were also used to make a tea and as a smoking mixture when dried, crushed and combined with buffalo fat. It is also provides many benefits to the ecosystems it is a part of, for example it provides valuable nutrition for grazing animals and helps prevent soil erosion. Leadplant may also be used in landscaping and gardening purposes due to its nitrogen fixing qualities and ability to help prevent erosion. Its nodulated roots are filled


title: "Amorpha canescens" content: with nitrogen fixing bacteria which is needed for plants to grow. "Amorpha canescens" was described by Frederick Pursh in 1814. "Amorpha canescens" falls under Papilionoideae subfamily of the Fabaceae family. The specific epithet "canescens" is a botanical Latin term meaning "becoming grey". There have been further delineation beyond species of "Amorpha canescens" into distinct variants (such as the "A. canescens var. glabrata") based on the amount of hairs and color of the leaves, however this further distinction is not typically accepted due to the wide variation in pubescence of the plant. "Amorpha canescens" can be found in many locations throughout


title: "Amorpha canescens" content: North America, ranging from southern parts of Canada to the northern edge of Mexico and spanning east from Montana to Michigan. Leadplant is typically found in dry prairie and savanna communities Leadplant prefers drier, well-drained soil of many different textures including sandy, gravely, and rocky soils. Finding leadplant indicates minimal live-stock grazing and well-kept land that is not overgrown or that has experienced regular fire. Amorpha canescens Amorpha canescens, known as leadplant, downy indigo bush, prairie shoestring, or buffalo bellows, is a small, perennial semi-shrub in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to North America. It has very small purple flowers


title: Moluccans content: Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) was commissioned by the Dutch government to maintain order and to disarm the rebels. Moluccan professional soldiers formed an important part of this army. The Moluccan community was thus regarded by the Dutch as allies and vice versa. The government of the Netherlands had promised them that they would get their own free state in return for assisting the Netherlands. After international efforts could not support the Netherlands to maintain its colony, the Dutch government could no longer keep its promise to the Moluccans for a free state. The Moluccans, who were seen by the


title: "André Villas-Boas" content: with the vacant jobs at Sporting CP and FC Porto in the summer of 2010. Villas-Boas signed a deal to become the new manager of Porto on 2 June 2010. Two months later, he won his first trophy as a manager when Porto defeated Benfica 2–0 to win the Portuguese Supercup. Villas-Boas went on to immense success with Porto, leading them to an undefeated season in the Primeira Liga—only the second time this had ever been achieved—and winning the title by more than 20 points, having conceded only 13 goals all season. Villas-Boas went on to follow up this success


title: "Charter schools in New York" content: an end to their union representation. State law, enacted in 2007 with the doubling of the cap, requires union representation for larger charter schools except for those already existing, potentially impacting the financial viability of schools attempting to achieve economies of scale as their student enrollments grow. Steven Brill, in his book, "Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America’s Schools" (2011), changed his position on charter schools and unions. He said that after two years of researching school reform, he understood the complexities. He reversed his view of union leader Randi Weingarten and suggested she run the New York


title: "Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure (Moldova)" content: and the Ministry of Informational Technologies and Communications, becoming their legal successor. Also this ministry took the domain of constructions from the former Minister of Construction and Regional Development. Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure (Moldova) The Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of Moldova () is one of the nine ministries of the Government of Moldova. The current minister is Octavian Calmîc. Ministry of Economy of Moldova was founded on 1 June 1990, as Ministry of National Economy of SSR Moldova, while Moldova was part of Soviet Union. Over years, it was a few times restructured and renamed, as follows: In


title: "Academic capital" content: would not likely value the cultural practices that education enforces, like visiting museums or attending drama performances. In a study done by Javier Rojas regarding cultural capital and academic achievement in Mexico, by looking at the academic level and the participation in cultural activities (art gallery, opera, museum, symphony, etc.) of fifteen-year-olds in Mexico, the amount of cultural intake was directly proportional to the level of academic achievement in the students. However, it has been argued (Sullivan, A. 2007, Crook, C. 1997) that Bourdieu’s research on the different types of capital does not actually explain a relationship; rather that it


title: "Canadian women's ice hockey history" content: mandate in more recent years. The province of Ontario has seen growth in the number of women participating in hockey. In 2003, there were 31,122 hockey players in female leagues in the province of Ontario. These players were part of 2,060 teams. In 1993, Ontario had 7,848 girls registered on 557 teams. As early as January 1916, Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick talked of the formation of a women's league to complement the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland and Seattle. The proposed league was never formed. In early January 1921, a team from


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: Rathaus Rapperswil Rathaus Rapperswil is the former "Rathaus" of the city government of medieval town of Rapperswil, Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Today, the building houses a café and restaurant, the city archives and a collection of stained glass windows, silverware and paintings. The building and the city archives are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance. The Rathaus is located within the "Altstadt" of Rapperswil at the "Hauptplatz", the main square of the medieval town. The building replaced an earlier fortified tower probably built in the early 13th century by the House


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: of Rapperswil as part of the former town wall that in the first construction phase stretched from the castle and parish church on the Lindenhof hill towards the present "Einsiedlerhaus" on Zürichsee lake shore. The Rathaus building belongs to the "Ortsgemeinde" Rapperswil, the citizen's association. On Wednesdays, it also houses the "Bezirksgericht See-Gaster" (district tribunal) in the so-called "Ratssaal" on the second floor. The present Rathaus building houses a café and restaurant in the ground and first floor, the city archives on the third floor, and a collection of stained glass windows, silverware and paintings made by artists from Rapperswil


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: on the second floor. The Rapperswil "rat- oder richthus is first mentioned in 1419. The building replaced an earlier fortified tower that was part of the former town wall that in the first construction phase stretched from the castle and parish church on the Lindenhof hill towards the present "Einsiedlerhaus" on Zürichsee lake shore. The first building at that location was probably built in the early 13th century by the Rudolf II von Rapperswil. The building in its present form dates aournd 1470. In 1614/15 the southern tower was added. Conversions respectively renewals were carried out in 1866 and 1895.


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: In 1902 a further floor was added and the comprehensive wall decorations with figural and heraldic motifs (as shown on Alwina Gossauer's photograph of 1865 and that of 1901) on the west side were widely removed. Renewed conversions resulted in 1946/47, 1998/99 and 2007 to the present, rather plain appearance by largely removing of the elaborate decorations at the basements, except the south-facing sundial and the coat of arms under the ceiling. The late Gothic portal to the council chamber ("Ratssaal") was made from a single oak tree; the double-sided bow kell is richly profiled. A cast-iron Renaissance stove (year


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: 1572 engraved) is the most representative piece of the hall's equipment. The small exposition includes the gold and silver treasure which is exhibited in the Stadtmuseum Rapperswil-Jona, the circular council table made by Conrad Lütbrand in 1618, paintings by the Rapperswil artists Felix Maria Diogg and Johann Michael Hunger, and the stained glass windows. In the entrance hall on the first floor, there is shown the golden banner given by Pope Julius II to the citizens of Rapperswil who supported his military campaign in the Lombardy against the French king in 1512. Further sights include the former supraporta of the


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: Schloss Rapperswil, also as a fresco on the eastern wall. The "Ratssaal" houses the "Bezirksgericht" court on Wednesday, in the neighboring "Richterstübli" the local board of directors meet and it is also used as ceremonial hall for weddings. After the establishment of the canton of St. Gallen in 1803, the then autonomous municipalities of Rapperswil and Jona had their own municipal archives (German: "Stadtarchiv"). As a result of the merger of the two political communities in 2007, the entire historical material until 1900 or 1950 will be stored at one site. As per August 2015, the city archives of Rapperswil


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: (German: "Stadtarchiv der Ortsgemeinde Rapperswil-Jona" since 2007) therefore includes the historical documents of Rapperswil and Jona and its successors, mainly of the former Herrschaft Rapperswil, a bailywick, and of the House of Rapperswil. The city archives of the political community and the so-called "Ortsgemeinde" (citizenry) consist of several thousand documents, among them council and court records, some predominantly chronicles handwritten by clergymen, parish books and so on. Attached are the photo archives and the puncture and plan collection comprising some audio and film documents from the recent past, as well as private estates and a library, also location-based publications, including


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: newspaper articles about Rapperswil since around 1950. The contents of the archives are accessible by telephone reservation. A first council and mayor ("Schultheiss") in the medieval town of Rapperswil may be suspected for the period after its founding around 1220 AD. The earliest document sealed at the Rapperswil Castle, related to the donation of the church of Bollingen to the Rüti Abbey, mentions among others a "civitas" as witnesses of Count Rudolf von Rapperswil in 1229. Between 1267 and 1282, when the fiefs were given back by the German king to Elisabeth von Rapperswil, the citizens, clergy and nobility executed


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: the representatives of Elisabeth's brother Count Rudolf III who died in 1267. The seal of the town of Rapperswil respectively citizenry first appeared in 1277. In 1337 Johann I von Laufenburg-Rapperswil died, that's probably why in 1341 the court council (German: "Kleiner Rat") consisting of 12 members and the mayor (German: "Schultheiss") was first mentioned in Rapperswil; since 1415 the council also appointed the "Vogt" of the Wurmsbach Abbey, a foundation of Countess Elisabeth's father and mother. Johann II von Laufenburg-Rapperswil had to sell Rapperswil and all rights to Hasburg in the late 1350s; Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, who


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: rebuilt Rapperswil after the war with the city of Zürich and also re-established the prehistorical and Roman era lake crossing at the Seedamm isthmus, granted the citizenry the related customs legislation in 1360. King Wenceslas securitized liberation from foreign courts in 1379, and in 1406 the citizenry was allowed to elect their mayor. For the first time in 1442, the bicameral city government, being composed of the 12-seat "Kleiner Rat" and the 24-seat "Grosser Rat", exercised the blood jurisdiction under the chairmanship of the mayor. Since 1481 the grand council was elected by the members of "Kleiner Rat". Council genders


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: include among others the Landenberg, Russinger (Russikon), Göldlin, Breny, Rothenfluh and Kunz families. For centuries the building served as the seat of the government respectively "Rat" (council) and later as the seat of the mayor ("Bürgermeister") of Rapperswil ending on 31 December 2006, when the former independent cities of Jona and Rapperswil merged to form the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona. Since 1 January 2007, the "Stadthaus Rapperswil-Jona" that is situated in Jona, is the town hall of the municipality. Besides the restaurant, the city archives and the art exhibition, the Rathaus building is the center of an ancient Carnival festival: on


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: Shrove Tuesday the traditional "Herrenessen", the dinner of the council members and cabaret program with distinguished guests, is celcebrated on occasion of "Eis-zwei-Geissebei" when hundreds of children gather at the main square ("Hauptplatz"). Following the so-called "Austeilete" by the council members to the children, in the evening all regional "Guggenmusik" (carnival marching bands) gather at "Hauptplatz" and on Lindenhof at Schloss Rapperswil to celebrate a roaring concert. Rathaus Rapperswil is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a "Class A" object of national importance, and its archives as "Class B" object of regional


title: "Rathaus Rapperswil" content: importance. Rathaus Rapperswil Rathaus Rapperswil is the former "Rathaus" of the city government of medieval town of Rapperswil, Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Today, the building houses a café and restaurant, the city archives and a collection of stained glass windows, silverware and paintings. The building and the city archives are listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance. The Rathaus is located within the "Altstadt" of Rapperswil at the "Hauptplatz", the main square of the medieval town. The building replaced an earlier fortified tower probably built in the early 13th century by the


title: "Okwesilieze Nwodo" content: has elected Dr Okwesilieze Nwodo, former Governor of Enugu State, as its President for the next two years. Other elected officers include; Dr Duke Igwilo, UK- based Forensic Psychiatrist and Director General, Alex Ekwueme Foundation, as Vice President; Mr Valentine Okechukwu as Registrar, Dr Emeka Obieze as Deputy Registar, Mr Charles Ekwulugo as Financial Secretary and Damian Obiora as Publicity Secretary. In his acceptance speech, Nwodo, enjoined all members to live up to the high ideals for which the Beta Sigma was formed in Nigeria. He stated that “at a time when our society is plagued by socio-economic problems and


title: "Nuisance in English law" content: was limited to situations where the defendant's actions interfered with the claimant's seisin; the action "guod permittat prosternere", where the land in question was alienated; the writ of trespass; and the "action upon the case for nuisance", which became the main remedy. This was because it was far faster than the other writs and actions, and unlike them did not require that both parties be freeholders. It was, however, limited to damages, and unlike the other remedies did not allow for abatement. By the 17th century the judicial philosophy had changed to allow the protection of a claimant's enjoyment of


title: Hongyipao content: produce these weapons prevented them from mass production.The Europeans essentially treated them as experimental products, resulting in very few surviving pieces today. Of the currently known extant composite metal cannons, there are 2 English, 2 Dutch, 12 Gujarati, and 48 from the Ming-Qing period. Hongyipao Hongyipao (; ) was the Chinese name for European style muzzle-loading culverins introduced to China and Korea from the Portuguese colony of Macau and by the Hendrick Hamel expedition to Joseon in the early 17th century. The term "red barbarian cannon" derives from the weapons' supposed Dutch origins, as the Dutch were called "red haired


title: "Douglas Cameron (bishop)" content: Dalkeith and St Leonard’s Lasswade followed, before his appointment as Dean of Edinburgh in 1991. He was Bishop of Argyll and The Isles from 1993 to 2003. His brother Bruce Cameron was Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney from 1992 to 2006. Douglas Cameron (bishop) Douglas Maclean Cameron (born 23 March 1935) was an eminent Anglican bishop in the second half of the 20th century and the very start of the 21st. Born on 23 March and educated at Edinburgh Theological College and , he was ordained (after National Service in the RAF) in 1963. He began his career with a


title: Kumarakovil content: Painkuni (March–April). There is a temple dedicated to Nambirajan in the hill top of Thirukurangudi the then capital of the chieftain. After the birth of Valli, the name of the place was changed as Valliyur. In the thala varalaru (history of the temple), written by Shri Annalar Adigal, it has been mentioned that when Valli was found abandoned in the Velvi Malai by Nambirajan, his capital was Valliyur (Thirukurankudi). Later he changed his capital to ‘Thenkattur’ near Velvi malai and Valli was brought up there. Legends have it that Lord Muruga is the cosmic son of Lord Shiva, created by


title: "Basti Vaman Shenoy" content: Basti Vaman Shenoy Basti Vaman Madhav Shenoy (born 6 November 1934) is a noted Konkani activist popularly known as "Vishwa Konkani Sardar" (World Konkani Leader) and is the founder of World Konkani Centre in Shakthinagar, Mangalore. Basti Vaman Shenoy born on 6 November 1934 in Bantwal a small trading town on the banks of River Netravathi in Dakshina Kannada District of Karnataka. His father Basti Madhav Shenoy popularly known as Motra Madhav was booking agent of then famous CPC Bus Service of Mangalore. Basti Madhav Shenoy was revered by people of all communities because of his leadership qualities. Vaman Shenoy's


title: "Basti Vaman Shenoy" content: the preservation and overall development of Konkani language, art and culture involving all the Konkani people the world over." On 6 March 2010, Vishwa Konkani Bhasha Samsthan (World Institute of Konkani Language) and World Konkani Hall of Fame were inaugurated by eminent journalist Rajdeep Sardesai at World Konkani Centre. A Konkani ethnic shoppe was inaugurated by Ramdas Kamath U. (Senior Vice-President, Infosys Technologies Ltd.)on this occasion. Basti Vaman Shenoy Basti Vaman Madhav Shenoy (born 6 November 1934) is a noted Konkani activist popularly known as "Vishwa Konkani Sardar" (World Konkani Leader) and is the founder of World Konkani Centre in


title: "2010 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters" content: seeds Wesley Moodie / Dick Norman and 5th seeds Mahesh Bhupathi / Max Mirnyi who both grinded to get to the Quarterfinals. The team of David Ferrer & Marc López upset 2009 French Open champions and 3rd seed Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes in straight sets. Top seed and defending champions Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić who won in straight over Jürgen Melzer / Mikhail Youzhny. 2nd seeds Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6th seeds Łukasz Kubot / Oliver Marach and 7th seeds Simon Aspelin / Paul Hanley all needed a third set match tie-break to make it through the


title: "Li Shufu" content: said, knowing they would control half of joint ventures run with profitable overseas manufacturers that generate healthy sales fuelled by foreign brands. “This actually is not so constructive for the healthy growth of the ‘kids’,” Li said. “It has defeated its own purpose by harming the Chinese players“. He has previously argued for state-owned automotive manufacturers to tie up with private Chinese partners. Li Shufu Li Shufu (; born 25 June 1963), is a Chinese businessman, and the chairman of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd. and Volvo Cars. Li Shufu was born in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China in 1963. He


title: "Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve" content: Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve () is located in the south-eastern part of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. The nature reserve covers all of Edgeøya and Barentsøya in addition to a number of smaller islands, including Thousand Islands, Ryke Yseøyane and Halvmåneøya. The reserve is , of which is on land and is on water—making it the second-largest preserved area in Norway (including national parks). The reserve has been protected since 1 July 1973 and borders in the north to Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve. The reserve is dominated by strandlines and patterned ground, although large sections are glaciated. On Edgeøya,


title: "Public domain in the United States" content: Mathew Brady and Alfred Stieglitz. Sound recordings fixed in a tangible form before February 15, 1972, have been generally covered by common law or in some cases by anti-piracy statutes enacted in certain states, not by federal copyright law, and the anti-piracy statutes typically have no duration limit. As such, virtually all sound recordings, regardless of age, are presumed to still be under copyright protection in the United States. The 1971 Sound Recordings Act, effective 1972, and the 1976 Copyright Act, effective 1978, provide federal copyright for unpublished and published sound recordings fixed on or after February 15, 1972. Recordings


title: "Sing the Sorrow" content: Sing the Sorrow Sing the Sorrow is the sixth studio album by American rock band AFI. Recorded at Cello Studios in Los Angeles, California between 2002 and 2003, the album was produced by Jerry Finn and Butch Vig. "Sing the Sorrow" received critical acclaim from music critics, who praised its melodies and musicianship, as well as its mature sound in comparison to the band's previous material. The album sold 96,000 copies in its first week of release in the United States, reaching number 5 on the "Billboard" 200, and also charted in Canada and the United Kingdom. It has since


title: "Tariq Mustafa" content: industries. In 1986, Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo appointed him as Federal Secretary of Defense Production during which he acquired new and modern weapon systems from France, US, Britain and China and the local production of these systems was established. During his 36-year career he has widely travelled to over fifty countries. Dr. Tariq Mustafa retired from the government of Pakistan in 1994 as a Senior Federal Secretary. Since then, he has devoted himself to the international discourse on Science and Religion and authored a book, "Case for God - Based on Reason and Evidence, not Groundless Faith" and has


title: "Karen Joubert Cordier" content: the great movements of the century are convoked, collected, in order to draw out the image of a digital labyrinth. Because, here, vision seems to me to be but an inductive threshold, "aperitif" if I may say so, of a sensorial space very rarely utilized in the history of painting, that of the Touch. This so rare sensation is discernable in the complementarity of the formal characteristic of the works and of the Story of these same works. This great proliferating vegetation screened framed in a series of sites, and details therefore of an infinite process, is first of all


title: "Santiago Masarnau Fernández" content: Field (1797–1848), and around 1834 became a close friend of Charles-Valentin Alkan (as evidenced by an exchange of letters extending over forty years). Alkan dedicated to Masarnau his "Trois études de bravoure" op. 16 of 1837. While in Paris, Masarnau became, at Rossini’s recommendation, the music teacher of the daughters of the Infante Prince Francisco de Paula. In 1838 Masarnau had a profound religious experience which was to transform his life. As a consequence he determined to devote himself to the poor. In 1839 he came into contact with the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul in the Parisian parish


title: "Split the Atom" content: FabricLive.40 released in June 2008. Machine Gun has also been released as part of WipEout HD Fury's soundtrack and appeared in a trailer for the game Far Cry 3. Split the Atom received positive reviews from critics. Skiddle gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, saying "Split The Atom works to satisfy even the most fastidious of music fans." Sputnik Music reviewer Deviant gave the album a 4.5 out of 5 stars, saying "Split The Atom is poised to destroy the lives of clubbers worldwide and invade the senses of anyone brave enough to invest ample time in it."


title: "1963 in the Vietnam War" content: South Vietnam. The newspaper article was titled "McNamara Says Aid to Saigon Is at Peak and Will Level Off." Illustrating the strains in the relationship between President Diệm and the U.S. government, Diệm was reported in the Washington Post as saying that "South Vietnam would like to see half of the 12,000 to 13,000 American military stationed here leave the country." The U.S. Army issued guidance to its personnel in South Vietnam for dealing with the media. "Your approach to the questions of the press should emphasize the positive aspects of your activities and avoid gratuitous criticism. Emphasize the feeling


title: "The Zambonis" content: Frank Zamboni, The Zambonis are a licensee of the Zamboni Company. The Zambonis debut album, "100% Hockey...and Other Stuff", was recorded at Tarquin Studios in Connecticut, USA and was released in 1996. The 15-song disc cracked the Top 40 on the CMJ charts, and was added to the NHL, NCAA and minor league hockey arena playlists. In October 1999, the band released its second full-length album, "More Songs About Hockey...and Buildings and Food". In 2002, the Zambonis opened the NHL All-Star Game along with Jewel and Five for Fighting. In 2003, The Zambonis released a new album, "Chippy Sessions", a


title: "Channel 4's Comedy Gala" content: a big hit both in terms of fund raising and for viewers, Irtizaali commissioned a second gala again at the O2, with tickets going on sale on 11 March 2011, and the gig scheduled for 24 May 2011. All profits from ticket and DVD sales of the Comedy Galas go to Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. All performers waive their fees for the shows. The first gala raised nearly £1 million, enabling a new anaesthetic room to be built, while the second gala is to raise funds for a new £5m operating theatre. At every Gala during the ad


title: "Gladstone Institutes" content: may provides novel therapeutic opportunities targeting caspase-1, which controls the pyroptotic cell death pathway. Specifically, these findings could open the door to an entirely new class of “anti-AIDS” therapies that act by targeting the host rather than the virus. Yadong Huang—Transformed skin cells into cells that develop on their own into an interconnected, functional network of brain cells. Such a transformation of cells may lead to better models for studying disease mechanisms and for testing drugs for devastating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. In 2018 published an article in Nature Medicine about Apolipoprotein E(apoE) gene expression - pluripotent stem


title: "Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera" content: de Valbuena and made sure that his scribe drawing up the charter noted that "king Sancho of Navarre [was reigning as] a vassal of the lord king". In February, at Nágima, Ponce was present for the signing of a treaty between Sancho III and Count Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona, also ruling Aragon. He continued with the royal court as it moved through Soria and Segovia and by March was at Ávila. There he left it and went to Sahagún. Sometime during this period Ponce and the other magnates who had gone into exile at the same time convinced Sancho


title: Rhodes content: arose. In February 1840, the Jews of Rhodes were falsely accused of ritually murdering a Christian boy. This became known as the Rhodes blood libel. Austria opened a post-office at "RHODUS" (Venetian name) before 1864, as witnessed by stamps with Franz-Josef head. In 1912, Italy seized Rhodes from the Turks during the Italo-Turkish War. The island's population was spared the "exchange of the minorities" between Greece and Turkey Rhodes and the rest of the Dodecanese Islands were assigned to Italy in the Treaty of Ouchy and were supposed to be given back but were not. Turkey ceded them officially in


title: "Prisons in Ukraine" content: for a high official – he screamed, made humiliating utterances and threatened to strike the critic's name from the list of the OC members. The criticism voiced by the aforementioned OC member with respect to O.Anpilogov's requirement to inform him of any planned visits to the penitentiary institutions, so that he could, in his turn inform the SPSU head for Kharkiv oblast’, met with similar violent reaction. Obviously the proposed algorithm would make any unplanned visits impossible, so that the facility administration would have plenty of time to get ready for the visit aiming at monitoring the observance of the


title: "1975 in the Vietnam War" content: Chi Minh City. General Vang Pao, a Hmong highlander, was ordered by the Prime Minister of Laos to cease resistance to the communist Pathet Lao. Vang Pao resigned instead. A few journalists and other foreigners had remained behind when the U.S. evacuated Phnom Penh. They were driven to the border with Thailand and expelled. The journalists reported that Phnom Penh was an empty city, except for Khmer Rouge soldiers, and that the country was a wasteland of ruins and abandoned towns and cities. Cambodia had become a land of silence with not even the names of its new rulers known


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: ArcelorMittal Orbit The ArcelorMittal "Orbit (often referred to as the Orbit Tower or its original name, Orbit") is a 114.5-metre-high sculpture and observation tower in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. It is Britain's largest piece of public art, and is intended to be a permanent lasting legacy of London's hosting of the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games, assisting in the post-Olympics regeneration of the Stratford area. Sited between the Olympic Stadium and the Aquatics Centre, it allows visitors to view the whole Olympic Park from two observation platforms. "Orbit" was designed by Turner-Prize winning artist Sir


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: Anish Kapoor and Cecil Balmond of engineering Group Arup. Announced on 31 March 2010, it was expected to be completed by December 2011. The project came about after Mayor of London Boris Johnson and Olympics Minister Tessa Jowell decided in 2008 that the Olympic Park needed "something extra". Designers were asked for ideas for an "Olympic tower" at least high, and "Orbit" was the unanimous choice from proposals considered by a nine-person advisory panel. Kapoor and Balmond believed that "Orbit" represented a radical advance in the architectural field of combining sculpture and structural engineering, and that it combined both stability


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: and instability in a work that visitors can engage with and experience via an incorporated spiral walkway. It has been both praised and criticised for its bold design, and has especially received criticism as a vanity project of questionable lasting use or merit as a public art project. The project was expected to cost £19.1 million, with £16 million coming from Britain's then richest man, the steel tycoon Lakshmi Mittal, Chairman of the ArcelorMittal steel company, and the balance of £3.1 million coming from the London Development Agency. The name "ArcelorMittal Orbit" combines the name of Mittal's company, as chief


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: sponsor, with "Orbit", the original working title for Kapoor and Balmond's design. The ArcelorMittal "Orbit" closed after the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, while the South Plaza area of the Park (in which "Orbit" is positioned) underwent reconstruction for its long-term legacy use as a public outdoor space. It re-opened to the public on 5 April 2014. The structure incorporates the world's tallest and longest (178 metres) tunnel slide, designed by Carsten Höller. The idea was originally envisioned by the London Legacy Development Corporation as a way to attract more visitors to the tower. The slide includes transparent sections to


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: give a "different perspective" of the twisting red tower and was completed in June 2016. This follows an option to abseil down the tower, which was introduced in 2014. According to London mayor Boris Johnson, in around October 2008 he and Tessa Jowell decided that the site in Stratford, London that was to become the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics needed "something extra" to "distinguish the East London skyline", and "arouse the curiosity and wonder of Londoners and visitors". A design competition held in 2009 called for designs for an "Olympic tower". It received about 50 submissions. Johnson has


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: said that his early concept for the project was something more modest than "Orbit", along the lines of "a kind of 21st-century Trajan's Column", but this was dropped when more daring ideas were received. The media reported unconfirmed details of the project in October 2009, describing the interest of the steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal, one of Britain's richest men, in funding a project that would cost around £15 million. Boris Johnson was believed to want something like the Eiffel Tower or the Statue of Liberty. At that time there were understood to be five short-listed artists, including Antony Gormley, being


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: considered. Early designs reportedly included 'Transmission' by Paul Fryer, a high structure "resembling a cross between a pylon and a native American totem pole", according to "The Times". A spokesman for Johnson would only confirm that he was "keen to see stunning, ambitious, world-class art in the Olympic Park", and that work on commissioning the project was at an early stage. Mittal's involvement came about after a chance meeting with Johnson in a cloakroom in Davos in January 2009, as they were on their way to separate dinner engagements. In a conversation that reportedly lasted 45 seconds Johnson pitched the


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: idea to Mittal, who immediately agreed to supply the steel. Mittal later said of his involvement, "I never expected that this was going to be such a huge project. I thought it was just the supply of some steel, a thousand tonnes or so, and that would be it. But then we started working with artists and I realised that the object was not just to supply steel but to complete the whole project. It took us almost 15 months of negotiation and discussion." Johnson has said that, "In reality, ArcelorMittal has given much more than the steel." Kapoor's and


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: Balmond's "Orbit" was announced as the winner on 31 March 2010. According to "The Guardian", Orbit was chosen from a short list of three, beating a design by Antony Gormley and one by the architectural firm Caruso St John. According to "The Times", Gormley's design was a steel colossus titled "Olympian Man", a trademark piece of a statue of himself, rejected mainly on the grounds of its projected cost, estimated at £40 million. Johnson and Jowell agreed to issue a commission for "Orbit" in partnership with Mittal after it was chosen by a 9 person advisory panel brought together by


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: them to advise on a long list of proposals. According to Mittal, the panel made a unanimous decision to pick "Orbit", as it both represented the Olympic Games and was achievable within the ambitious time frame. Kapoor described it as "the commission of a lifetime". Johnson pre-empted possible criticism during the official launch by stating: "Of course some people will say we are nuts – in the depths of a recession – to be building Britain’s biggest ever piece of public art. But both Tessa Jowell and I are certain that this is the right thing for the Stratford site,


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: in Games time and beyond." The completed structure was officially unveiled to the press and public on 11 May 2012. The structure was re-purposed with the world's longest slide in 2016, as a way to attract more visitors. According to Kapoor, the design brief from the Mayor's office was for a "tower of at least ", while Balmond said that he was told the Mayor was "looking for an icon to match the Eiffel Tower". Kapoor said that one of the influences on his design was the Tower of Babel, the sense of "building the impossible" that "has something mythic


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: about it.", and that the form "straddles Eiffel and Tatlin". Balmond, working on the metaphor of an orbit, envisaged an electron cloud moving, to create a structure that appears unstable, propping itself up, "never centred, never quite vertical". Both believe that "Orbit" represents a new way of thinking, "a radical new piece of structure and architecture and art" that uses non-linearity – the use of "instabilities as stabilities." The spaces inside the structure, in between the twisting steel, are "cathedral like", according to Balmond, while according to Kapoor, the intention is that visitors will engage with the piece as they


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: wind "up and up and in on oneself" on the spiral walkway. "The Independent" described "Orbit" as "a continuously looping lattice ... made up of eight strands winding into each other and combined by rings like a jagged knot". "The Guardian" describes it as a "giant lattice tripod sporting a counterweight collar around its neck designed to offset the weight of its head, a two-storey dining and viewing gallery". According to the BBC, the design incorporates the five Olympic rings. Upon its launch Johnson said "It would have boggled the minds of the Romans. It would have boggled Gustave Eiffel."


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: Nicholas Serota, a member of the design panel, said that "Orbit" was a tower with an interesting twist, with "the energy you might traditionally associate with this type of structure but in a surprisingly female form". According to Mittal, "Orbit" was already the working title, as it symbolised a continuous journey, a creative representation of the "extraordinary physical and emotional effort" that Olympians undertake in their continuous drive to do better. It was decided to keep this as the final name and prepend ArcelorMittal (as the project supporter). On the public announcement of the design Johnson conceded that it might


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: become known by something other than its official name, suggesting "Colossus of Stratford" or the "Hubble Bubble", in reference to his belief that it resembles a giant shisha pipe, or a variant on people's perceptions that it resembled a "giant treble clef", a "helter-skelter", or a "supersized mutant trombone". "Orbit" is described as "designed by Anish Kapoor and Cecil Balmond". Kapoor is a Turner Prize winning sculptor, while Balmond is one of the world's leading designers. According to Kapoor, both men are "interested in a place where architecture meets sculpture" and "the way that form and geometry give rise to


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: structure". Kapoor and Balmond stated that their interests have blurred and crossed over into each other's fields, since they had first begun working together in 2002 on Kapoor's "Marsyas" installation in the Turbine Hall of the Tate Modern. As well as "Orbit", in 2010 Kapoor and Balmond were also working on the Tees Valley Giants, a public art project in northern England. The sculpture was engineered by the Global engineer Arup who developed the overall geometry, structural design and the building services including the lighting displayed extensively during the Olympic games. Architectural input was by Ushida Findlay Architects(Kathryn Findlay) as


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: a sub-consultant to Arup. Findlay's work made the sculpture into a functional building, for example designing the staircase. The organic design of "Orbit" means that an extraordinary amount of work was necessary on structural engineering. This was done by Arup, which reported that it took up two-thirds of the budget for the project (twice the percentage normally allotted to structural engineering in a building project). From a structural point of view, "Orbit" consists of two parts: The trunk has a base diameter of , narrowing to on the way up, then widening again to just under the observation deck. The


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: trunk is supported and stabilized by the tube, which gives a structural character of a tripod to the entire construction. Further structural integrity is given to the construction by octagonal steel rings that surround the tube and trunk, spaced at and cross-joined pairwise by sixteen diagonally mounted steel connectors. A special part of the construction is the canopy, the conic shape that hangs off the bottom of the trunk. Originally planned as a fibreglass composite construction, costs forced the use of steel for this section as well. Centraalstaal was approached as a special consultant for the design of the steel


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: cone and came up with a design for a cone built out of 117 individually shaped steel panels with a total surface area of 586 square metres. The entire cone weighs 84 tonnes. Early contradictory reports suggested the tower would be tall. However, it finally measured in at making it the UK's tallest sculpture surpassing "Aspire" (at 60m). The Greater London Authority on announcing the project described "Orbit"s height in comparison with the Statue of Liberty, stating that it would be taller – the Statue of Liberty is high, including the statue and its pedestal. While the media picked up


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: the apparent intention to cast the "Orbit" as London's answer to the Eiffel Tower, "The Guardian" related how it was "considerably shorter" than that Parisian icon; the Eiffel Tower is tall. "The Guardian" also noted that, with respect to comparisons to the Eiffel Tower, it is even " shorter than the diminutive Blackpool Tower". Its height was also compared in the media with other London landmarks. It was described as being "slightly taller" or "nearly taller" than the Big Ben clock tower, the centrepiece of the Palace of Westminster. It was also described as being "twice as tall" or "more


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: than double the height" of Nelson's Column, the monument honouring Admiral Nelson in Trafalgar Square. Others reports described how it was "just short of" or "almost as tall as" the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, the ancient tomb of the Pharaoh Khufu. Big Ben is tall, Nelson's Column is tall, including statue and column. The Giza Pyramid was thought to have been constructed as 280 Egyptian cubits or tall, although with erosion it has reduced in height by nearly 10 metres. "Orbit" is located in the southern area of the Olympic Park, between Olympic Stadium and the Aquatics Centre.


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: After the March 2010 confirmation of Orbit as the winning design, construction began in November 2010 and it reached its full height in November 2011. Steel is the primary material used in the sculpture. According to Balmond, there was no other feasible alternative, as steel was the only material that could give the minimum thickness and maximum strength represented in the coiling structure. It was built from approximately 2000 tons of steel, produced as much as possible from ArcelorMittal plants, with the exact sourcing being determined by the grades of steel required and the technical requirements of the project. 60%


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: of the steel used for the sculpture was made of recycled steel in the Esch Belval steel plant in Luxembourg. On 14 March 2011, with construction already underway on the main pylon, "The One Show" broadcast footage of the on-site status of project, and profiled the four-man team putting it together, comprising two steel erectors, a crane operator and a site foreman. As an observation tower, "Orbit" has two indoor viewing platforms on two levels, with each level having the capacity for 150 people. In comparison to Orbit's 114.5 metre height, the nearby Olympic Stadium is high. According to the


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: Greater London Authority, the observation platform offers "unparalleled views of the entire of the Olympic Park and London's skyline". According to "The Independent", visitors should take the lift to the top and descend the 455-step staircase; this should allow them to appreciate the views around which Anish Kapoor arranged the sculpture. It is expected to cope with 700 visitors per hour. During the Olympic Games the entrance fee was £15 for adults and £7 for children. The tower does not include a dining area, however there is a cafe, shop and other facilities at the South Park Hub building, which


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: opened in April 2014. The ambition is that the sculpture, as well as being a focal point for the Olympic Park during the Games, will form part of the wider Stratford regeneration plans, which aim to turn the Olympic site into a permanent tourist destination after the Games. Tessa Jowell said "Orbit" will be "like to honey to bees for the millions of tourists that visit London each year". Boris Johnson predicted it would become "the perfect iconic cultural legacy". According to Lord Coe, chairman of the London 2012 Olympic organisers, it would play a central part in the Game's


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: role of leaving a lasting legacy and transformed landscape in east London. During the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Joe Townsend (a Royal Marine and double amputee) delivered the Paralympic flame into Olympic Stadium via a zipline that was attached to the top of "Orbit". In 2016 a permanent slide designed by German artist Carsten Höller was added to the sculpture. The slide is reported to be the world's tallest and longest tunnel slide at 178 metres. Though it was originally reported that admission to the slide would cost around £5, the general adult price for entry to


title: "ArcelorMittal Orbit" content: the slide and orbital is currently £16.50, with additional rides costing £5 each. At the time of its public launch, the total cost of "Orbit" was announced as £19.1m. ArcelorMittal was to fund up to £16m, with the remaining £3.1m being provided by the London Development Agency. This consists of a £10m cash donation, and £6 million in underwriting of capital costs, which could be potentially recovered from profits generated after the Games. According to Johnson, the cost of the project would be recouped after the games through the private hire of a dining area at the top, predicting it