title: "Megalopyge opercularis" content: as many garden plants such as roses and ivy. It is distributed throughout the eastern United States between extreme southeastern Virginia and Florida, the southern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America. The caterpillar is regarded as a dangerous insect because of its venomous spines. Exposure to the caterpillar's fur-like spines leads to an immediate skin irritation characterized by a "grid-like hemorrhagic papular eruption with severe radiating pain." Victims describe the pain as similar to a broken bone or blunt-force trauma. The reactions are sometimes localized to the affected area, but are often very severe, radiating up a limb


title: "Megalopyge opercularis" content: and causing burning, swelling, nausea, headache, abdominal distress, rashes, blisters, and sometimes chest pain, numbness, or difficulty breathing. Additionally, sweating from the welts or hives at the site of the sting are not unusual. The venom from the spines is best treated within hours of first contact. For first aid, the spines (if present) should be removed by using cellophane tape. Some remedies, which are reported to have varying degrees of success, include ice packs, oral antihistamine, baking soda, hydrocortisone cream, juice from the stems of comfrey plants, and calamine lotion. Megalopyge opercularis Megalopyge opercularis is a moth of the


title: "Husain al-Radi" content: arrested at a demonstration and imprisoned. On his release in 1951, he was appointed comrade in charge of the southern division of the Iraqi Communist Party, and in 1953 he became a member of the party's Central Committee. In that year, he represented Iraq at the second London Conference of Communist Parties in the Sphere of British Imperialism. That same year, following the arrest of party secretary Baha al-Din Nuri, Abd al-Karim Ahmad al-Daud became party secretary and began to promote a far-left line as well as a considerable level of confrontational activity. Al-Radi opposed this line and in September


title: "Ransom theory of atonement" content: that the meaning of the ransom theory should not be taken in terms of a business transaction (who receives payment), but rather as the emancipation of human beings from the bondage of sin and death. Aulén's book, "Christus Victor", maintained that the Early Church view had been mischaracterized, and proposed a re-evaluated Ransom Theory as a superior alternative to Satisfaction Theory. Anselm himself went on to explicate the satisfaction view of atonement, now espoused by the Roman Catholic Church. Presently the "ransom-to-Satan" view of atonement, literally interpreted, is not widely accepted in the West, except by some Anabaptist peace churches


title: Kayapo content: logging enterprises which threatened to destroy the rainforest, and thus the Kayapos' way of life. In the village of Gorotire, the Kayapo made a deal with prospectors that mining could take place as long as they received a percentage of the mining proceeds and had their territory demarcated. The gold mining operation was initially seen as a positive development, which brought money into the local economy. With money filtering into the economy, better housing, improved education and a resulting level of health were achieved. However, the initial benefits of mining also resulted in high levels of pollution in the area


title: "Ruddy ground dove" content: Ruddy ground dove The ruddy ground dove ("Columbina talpacoti") is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from Mexico south to Peru, Brazil and Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. Individual birds can sometimes be seen in the southwestern USA, from southern Texas to southernmost California, primarily during winter. The ruddy ground dove is very common in scrub and other open country, including cultivated land and urban centers, where it can be seen feeding on grain alongside feral pigeons. It builds a solid but sparsely lined cup-shaped stick nest in a tree and


title: "Ruddy ground dove" content: lays two white eggs. Incubation is 12–13 days with another 12–14 days to fledging. There may be a second or third brood. Chick mortality through predation and falls from the nest is high. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. Ruddy ground doves are small short-tailed pigeons, long with a weight normally about . Adult males have a pale grey head and neck, and rich rufous upperparts, black-spotted on the wing coverts. The underparts are paler brown, the tail is edged black, and


title: "Ruddy ground dove" content: the underwings are cinnamon and black. The female is grey-brown rather than rufous, and has less contrast between head and body than the male. The subspecies "C. t. rufipennis" of Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago shows much more cinnamon on the underwing than the nominate "C. t. talpacoti". Ruddy ground doves feed mainly on seeds. The call is a soft cooing "cur-WOO". This species can be quite approachable. Males frequently threaten each other by jumping and raising a wing, and brief confrontations may ensue. Ruddy ground dove The ruddy ground dove ("Columbina talpacoti") is a small New World


title: "Sandra Scarr" content: Intelligence", written by Linda Gottfredson and published in the "Wall Street Journal". Scarr wrote a mixed review of "The Bell Curve", agreeing with the general presentation of the data, disagreeing about some specific issues of interpretation, and disapproving of the book's policy recommendations. Scarr also disapproved of Hans Eysenck's book "Race, Intelligence and Education", which she described as "generally inflammatory" and insulting to "almost everyone except WASPs and Jews". In 1991, together with Claire Ernhart, Scarr was involved as an expert witness on behalf of the lead industry in the lawsuit "United States v. Sharon Steel Corp.", on the opposite


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: Fort St. Angelo Fort St. Angelo ( or "Fortizza Sant'Anġlu") is a bastioned fort in Birgu, Malta, located at the centre of the Grand Harbour. It was originally built in the medieval period as a castle called the Castrum Maris (; ). It was rebuilt by the Order of Saint John as a bastioned fort called Fort Saint Angelo between the 1530s and the 1560s, and it is best known for its role as the Order's headquarters during the Great Siege of Malta of 1565. A major reconstruction to designs of Carlos de Grunenbergh took place in the 1690s, giving


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: the fort its current appearance. The fort was garrisoned by the British from 1800 to 1979, at times being classified as a stone frigate known as HMS "Egmont or later HMS "St Angelo. The fort suffered considerable damage during World War II, but it was later restored. In 1998, the upper part of the fort was handed to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Fort St. Angelo has been on Malta's tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1998, as part of the "Knights' Fortifications around the Harbours of Malta". The site was occupied since pre-history and a prominent


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: place of worship in antiquity with the building of the temple of Astarte. The date of its original construction is unknown. However, the prehistoric and classical remains on site, are imdicative of a fortified place and a habitable zone. Large ashlar blocks and an Egyptian pink granite column at the top part of the fort still exists inside a chapel. The site was probably later developed by the Arabs 870 AD, but nothing is concrete. Al-Himyarī mentions that the Arabs dismantled a "" (fortress), but there is no actual reference if this 'fortress' was in Birgu. A rock-cut church close


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: to the area had already existed since Orthodox Christianity in Malta around 600 A.D. and was rebuilt with wood in around 800 A.D. Its probable start as a fortification is the high/late medieval period. In fact, in 1220 Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II started to appoint his own Castellani for Malta who needed a place to live and secure the interests of the crown. The remains of a tower that may date back to the 12th century can be traced among the more recent works. The first mention of ' () is to be found in documents from the 1240s when


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: Paulinus of Malta was the lord of the island and later when Giliberto Abate made a census of the islands. Another reference to the castle is that from the short Angevin rule (1266–83) where documents list it again as ' and list a garrison of 150 men together with several weapons. It seems also that by 1274, the castle already had two chapels which are still there today. From the same year exists also a detailed inventory of weapons and supplies in the castle. From 1283 the Maltese islands were under Aragonese rule (although the castle withstood for some time


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: in Angevin rule while the rest of Malta was already in Aragonese hands) and the fortification was mainly used by Castellani (like the de Nava family) who were there to safeguard the interests of the Aragonese crown. In fact the Castellans did not have any jurisdiction outside the ditch of the fort. By 1445 a Mariam confraternity, one of the eldest in Maltese history, had its convent located at the site. When the Order of Saint John arrived in Malta in 1530, they chose to settle in Birgu, when it was observed the site of Fort St Angelo was partially


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: abandoned and in ruins. After renovation it became the seat of the Grand Master, which included the refurbishing of the Castellan's House and St. Anne's Chapel. The Knights made this their primary fortification and substantially reinforced and remodelled it, including the cutting of the dry ditch to make it a moat and the D'Homedes Bastion built by 1536. By 1547, a large cavalier designed by Antonio Ferramolino was built behind the D'Homedes Bastion, and De Guirial Battery was built at the tip of the fort by sea level to protect the entrance to Dockyard Creek. These works transformed the fort


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: into a gunpowder fortification. Fort St Angelo withstood the Turks during the Great Siege of Malta, during which it succeeded in tearing apart a sea attack by the Turks on Senglea on 15 August 1565. In the aftermath of that siege, the Knights built the fortified city of Valletta on Mount Sciberras on the other side of the Grand Harbour, and the administrative centre for the knights moved there. In 1644, Giovanni de’ Medici proposed a new fort be constructed on Orsi Point (the site where Fort Ricasoli was later built), and the name and garrison of Fort St. Angelo


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: be transferred to the new fort. He drew up plans for the proposed fort, but they were never implemented. It was not until the 1690s that the fort again underwent major repairs. Today's layout of the fort is attributed to these works which were designed by Carlos de Grunenbergh, who also paid for the construction of four gun batteries on the side of the fort facing the entrance to Grand Harbour. As a result, one can still see his coat of arms above the main gate of the fort. By the arrival of the French in 1798, therefore, the fort


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: became a very powerful fortification including some 80 guns, 48 of which pointed towards the entrance of the port. During the short two-year period of French occupation, the Fort served as headquarters of the French Army. With the coming of the British to Malta the fort retained its importance as a military installation, first in use by the Army as a Wireless Station. In fact, in 1800, two battalions of the 35th Regiment were resident in the fort. However, at the start of the 20th century, the fort was taken over by the Navy and it was commissioned as a


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: stone frigate, originally in 1912 as HMS "Egmont", when it became a base for the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, but in 1933 renamed as HMS "St Angelo". The British did not make any major modifications to the fort, although they converted No. 2 Battery into a casemated battery for three nine-inch RML guns in the 1860s, and built a cinema and a water distillation plant in the early 20th century. During World War II, the fort again stood for siege with an armament of 3 Bofors guns (manned by the Royal Marines and later by the Royal Malta Artillery).


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: In total, the fort suffered 69 direct hits between 1940 and 1943. When the Royal Navy left Malta in 1979 the Fort was handed to the Maltese government and since then parts of the fort have fallen into a state of disrepair, mostly after a project to transform it into a hotel during the 1980s. On 5 December 1998, a treaty was signed between Malta and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta granting the upper part of Fort St Angelo, including the Grand Master's House and the Chapel of St Anne, to the Order with limited extraterritoriality. Its stated purpose


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: is ""to give the Order the opportunity to be better enabled to carry out its humanitarian activities as Knights Hospitallers from Saint Angelo, as well as to better define the legal status of Saint Angelo subject to the sovereignty of Malta over it"". This treaty was ratified on 1 November 2001. The agreement has a duration of 99 years but the document allows the Maltese Government terminate it at any time after 50 years. In terms of the agreement, the flag of Malta is to be flown together with the flag of the Order in a prominent position over Saint


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: Angelo. No asylum may be granted by the Order and generally the Maltese courts have full jurisdiction and Maltese law shall apply. A number of immunities and privileges are mentioned in the second bilateral treaty. Other parts of the fort are leased to the Cottonera Waterfront Group, a private consortium. On 5 March 2012, it was confirmed that the European Regional Development Fund allocated €13.4 million for the restoration, conservation and re-use of the site, allowing for the Fort to be opened as a major visitor attraction highlighting its history and roles through the ages as well as to cater


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: for educational programs, cultural events and live historical experiences. The restoration was managed by Heritage Malta. and completed in September 2015. It frequently participates in hosting events of national importance including the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015 and the 2017 Maltese EU presidency. Upon the arrival of the Order in 1530, the "Castrum Maris" consisted of a shell keep containing various buildings, including the Castellan's house and the Chapel of St. Mary (later rededicated to St. Anne), and an outer ward. The castle also included a chapel dedicated to St. Angelo, which was later rededicated to the Nativity of


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: Our Lady. By the time of the Great Siege of Malta of 1565, the fort still retained most of its medieval features, but a number of modifications had been made by the Order, including: Most of the present configuration of the fort dates back to reconstruction in the 1690s. Among the features added Grunenbergh, there were four batteries facing the entrance to the Grand Harbour. No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 Batteries were heavily altered by the British, while No. 3 Battery retains more of its original features. The following Grandmasters were all originally buried in the chapel of


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: Fort St. Angelo: However, their remains were relocated to the crypt of St. John's Co-Cathedral in the late 16th century. The fort is supposedly haunted by the Grey Lady, a mistress of the Castellan De Nava family. The story goes that she protested at not having the same status as De Nava's wife, and fearing that the affair would become public, he ordered his guards to get rid of her. The guards killed her and sealed her body in the fort's dungeon. Upon hearing that the guards had killed her and not sent her away, De Nava ordered them to


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: be killed as well. The ghost of the Grey Lady was first seen in the early 1900s, and she was vulgar and aggressive. An exorcism then took place, and the Grey Lady was not seen again for a number of years. Her ghost appeared again during World War II, when she supposedly saved some soldiers' lives from aerial bombardment. According to popular belief, a sealed passage was opened and the skeletons of the Grey Lady and the two guards were found within. This discovery is not recorded in any official records. According to some fishermen, the fort is also haunted


title: "Fort St. Angelo" content: by Ottoman soldiers executed during the Great Siege of 1565. Fort St. Angelo Fort St. Angelo ( or "Fortizza Sant'Anġlu") is a bastioned fort in Birgu, Malta, located at the centre of the Grand Harbour. It was originally built in the medieval period as a castle called the Castrum Maris (; ). It was rebuilt by the Order of Saint John as a bastioned fort called Fort Saint Angelo between the 1530s and the 1560s, and it is best known for its role as the Order's headquarters during the Great Siege of Malta of 1565. A major reconstruction to designs


title: "Michael Van Wijk" content: Gladiators Legends Special where he took part in alongside Ace, Hunter and Trojan. But the standing ovation Wolf received when he reappeared in the Gladiator arena was said to have lasted for five minutes, holding up filming of the show and forcing producers to quieten the crowd. Sky could not deny any further the British public's desire for Wolf's return, and after "Loaded" magazine's campaign to bring the character back, Sky announced on 29 August 2008 that Wolf would return in the second series."It was like I'd never been away." said Van Wijk. "The audience was explosive and phenomenal and


title: "Tony Carey" content: the keyboard solo on "A Light in the Black", the last cut on the album. During Carey's two world tours with Rainbow, live material was recorded and subsequently released as two double LPs, "On Stage" (1977, #65 on The Billboard 200) and "Live in Germany" (1990). In addition to the two double LPs, a six-disc CD box set containing music from those tours, "Deutschland Tournee 1976", was released in 2006. Carey left Rainbow in 1977 and moved to Germany in 1978, where he began work on his solo career. This was a period in his life when, according to Carey


title: "Metropolitan Police District" content: Police District was defined in the schedule of the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an approximately circular area within a seven-mile (11-kilometre) radius of Charing Cross, which was divided into four districts and 17 police divisions. It consisted of parts of: There have been numerous changes to the boundaries of the MPD, and of the divisions therein. The Metropolitan Police Act 1839 recognised that the "boundary is... very irregular" and made it lawful to add any place in the Central Criminal Court District and also "any part of any parish, township, precinct or place" not more than 15 miles (24


title: "Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad" content: After the train arrives, passengers deboard the train and the crew backs the train down to the wye for servicing. An ashpit was recently constructed for use and to aid in heavier repairs if needed, which do happen on occasion. After shoving the train uptown for boarding passengers, the engineer will oil and inspect the engine once again and the crew will perform another brake test for the return trip to Durango. Trains will almost always use straight air unless conditions or equipment don't allow. The engineer won't need to use steam for power to move the train until just


title: "Dammit Janet (Family Guy)" content: season. Peter Shin and Pete Michels acted as supervising directors for the episode. Steve Callaghan, Alex Borstein, Jim Birnstein, Michael Shipley, and Bobby Bowman acted as staff writers while Mike Henry and Mark Hentemann acted as story editors. This episode features the first appearance of "The Evil Monkey" who lives inside one of the closets in the Griffin house. The monkey, who becomes a recurring character, is voiced by Danny Smith and was created by the episode's writers, Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman. In addition to the regular cast, voice actress Tara Charendoff, comedian Mo Collins, actress Camryn Manheim, and


title: "John Charles Kaine" content: John Charles Kaine John Charles Kaine (1854–1923) was a Quebec politician. He was born in the parish of Notre-Dame de Québec, October 18, 1854, son of John Kaine and Ellen McGowan. He studied at the Commercial Academy of Quebec. He entered the business world in 1886 and was a ship-owner and wood merchant. He became president of the Kaine and Bird transport company. He represented the Lake Champlain Transportation Co., and Burleigh and Weeks, a wood-pulp import company in Whitehall, New York. He was elected the Liberal member for Québec-Ouest in 1904. He was sworn in as a Minister Without


title: "A Gathering of Eagles" content: Wing. It was originally announced that John Gavin would support Rock Hudson. Tom Lehrer wrote one original song for this film, called "The SAC Song". Rod Taylor, as Hollis Farr, performs this song at a party for officers and their wives. Most of Lehrer's work is satirical, and the lyrics and music for this song are quite typical of Lehrer. As Sy Bartlett and Delbert Mann were filming at SAC Headquarters at Offutt AFB in Omaha, they noticed that SAC personnel were unusually tense. They would later learn, when President John F. Kennedy would make this fact public, that SAC


title: "The Lonely Island" content: receiving beats for each song, which were culled from both high-level and low-level producers. In some cases, the trio made the beats themselves. The album's lead single, "YOLO" featuring Adam Levine and Kendrick Lamar, premiered on "SNL" in January 2013. The song is an anthem parodying the phrase "you only live once" and a culture lacking caution and responsibility. It was their first return to "SNL" since their respective departures; as such, the video was co-funded by the program. To promote the album, the trio released music videos for each song each Wednesday ("Wack Wednesdays") leading up to its release.


title: "Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve" content: Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve is located near Yosemite National Park within Mono County, in eastern California. It was established in 1981 by the California State Legislature to preserve the natural limestone "tufa tower" formations at Mono Lake. California State Park Rangers were charged with conducting interpretive talks and tours along the shores of Mono Lake, as well as protecting the resources. In 1984 the Federal Government designated surrounding lands as the Mono Basin National Scenic Area. Since that time visitor services have been offered as a cooperative effort between these two agencies,


title: "Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve" content: as well as the Mono Lake Committee. Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve Mono Lake Tufa State Natural Reserve is located near Yosemite National Park within Mono County, in eastern California. It was established in 1981 by the California State Legislature to preserve the natural limestone "tufa tower" formations at Mono Lake. California State Park Rangers were charged with conducting interpretive talks and tours along the shores of Mono Lake, as well as protecting the resources. In 1984 the Federal Government designated surrounding lands as the Mono Basin National Scenic Area. Since that time visitor services have been offered as


title: "Clearview (typeface)" content: 8 percent more legible in both day- and night-time viewing than the then-dominant Series E (Modified) on overhead signs, particularly benefiting older drivers, with a 6 percent increase in legibility distance. A design goal of Clearview was the reduction of irradiation effects of retroreflective sign materials. Reduced nighttime overglow or haloing was expected also to improve recognition rates for computer road sign detection. However, these tests also compared new signs in Clearview to existing, weathered signs in the existing Highway Gothic font. The new font's apparent legibility "was more due to the fact that older, worn signs were being replaced


title: "John Parkinson (botanist)" content: of Parkinson and others, John Riddell has suggested that it was at least in size and probably surrounded by a wall. Four hundred and eighty-four types of plant are recorded as having been grown in the garden. Thomas Johnson and the Hampshire botanist, John Goodyer, both gathered seeds there. Parkinson has been called one of the most eminent gardeners of his day. He maintained close relations with other important English and Continental botanists, herbalists and plantsmen such as William Coys, John Gerard, John Tradescant the elder (who was a close friend), Vespasian Robin, and the Frenchman Matthias de Lobel (also


title: "Miami Vice (film)" content: Furthermore, Mann didn’t want any association with the TV series at the behest of Universal executives; as a result, Jan Hammer declined to compose the soundtrack. Fans of the series e-mailed Universal thousands of letters to include the theme, but ultimately Mann said no. As Hammer put it: "I was completely surprised they didn’t have a remake of it. I think it's a matter of being too cool for school." Phil Collins' famous hit "In the Air Tonight", which was featured in the television series' debut episode, is featured in the original film as a cover done by Miami-based rock


title: "Extra (acting)" content: by UK Government minimum wage regulations, and both BECTU and Equity have agreed rates with each body. However, even on non-union productions an extra's pay is an agreed day-rate for ten hours of production time. All performers under agreement with BECTU/Equity are paid on-going royalties. Hence on many advertisements, which are often shown multiple times and distributed internationally, whilst the extra is paid a contracted day-rate, the largest payment is nominally due from ongoing royalties. Due to the resultant complex calculations from multiple international showings, performers under a union managed agreement are often bought-out of their advertisement royalties with a


title: "Resurrection Bay" content: of Caines Head, at the summit of which Fort McGilvray is situated, 650 feet (198 meters) above sea level. This fortification was constructed by the United States Armed Forces to defend against a possible invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. The bay remains ice-free even in winter, making it easily navigable. It is the central theme to the song "Resurrection Bay" by John Craigie on his album "Montana Tale". It is called the "gateway to the Kenai Fjords" as many water taxis, kayak tours, anglers, and recreational boaters use the bay to access nearby Kenai Fjords


title: "Juniperus californica" content: Juniperus californica Juniperus californica, the California juniper, is a species of juniper native to southwestern North America. As the name implies, it is mainly found in numerous California habitats, although its range also extends through most of Baja California, a short distance into the Great Basin in southern Nevada, and into northwestern Arizona. In California it is found in: the Peninsular Ranges, Transverse Ranges, California Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley foothills, Sierra Nevada, and at higher elevation sky islands in the Mojave Desert ranges. It grows at moderate altitudes of . Habitats include: Pinyon-Juniper Woodland with Single-leaf pinyon ("Pinus monophylla"); Joshua


title: "Juniperus californica" content: Tree Woodland; and Foothill Woodlands, in the Montane chaparral and woodlands and Interior chaparral and woodlands sub-ecoregions. "Juniperus californica" is a shrub or small tree reaching , but rarely up to tall. The bark is ashy gray, typically thin, and appears to be "shredded". The shoots are fairly thick compared to most junipers, between in diameter. Foliage is bluish-gray and scale-like. The leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs or whorls of three; the adult leaves are scale-like, long on lead shoots and broad. The juvenile leaves (on seedlings only) are needle-like, long. The cones are berry-like, in diameter, blue-brown


title: "Juniperus californica" content: with a whitish waxy bloom, turning reddish-brown, and contain a single seed (rarely two or three). The seeds are mature in about 8–9 months. The male cones are long, and shed their pollen in early spring. It is largely dioecious, producing cones of only one sex, but around 2% of plants are monoecious, with both sexes on the same plant. It is closely related to "Juniperus osteosperma" (Utah Juniper) from further east, which shares the stout shoots and relatively large cones, but differs in that Utah Juniper is largely monoecious, its cones take longer to mature (two growing seasons), and


title: "Juniperus californica" content: it's also markedly more cold-tolerant. "Juniperus californica" provides food and shelter for a variety of native ground and avian wildlife. It is a larval host for the native moth Sequoia sphinx ("Sphinx sequoiae"). The plant was used as a traditional Native American medicinal plant, and as a food source, by the indigenous peoples of California, including the Cahuilla people, Kumeyaay people ("Diegueno"), and Ohlone people. They gathered the berries to eat fresh and to grind into meal for baking. "Juniperus californica" is cultivated as an ornamental plant, as a dense shrub (and eventual tree) for use in habitat gardens, heat


title: "Juniperus californica" content: and drought-tolerant gardens, and in natural landscaping design. It is very tolerant of alkali soils, and can provide erosion control on dry slopes. California Juniper is also a popular species for bonsai. An IUCN Least concern listed species, and not considered globally threatened currently. However, one of the southernmost populations, formerly on Guadalupe Island off the Baja California Peninsula coast, was destroyed by feral goats in the late 19th century. Juniperus californica Juniperus californica, the California juniper, is a species of juniper native to southwestern North America. As the name implies, it is mainly found in numerous California habitats, although


title: "Horace Tabor" content: County, Colorado, where it now rests beside that of Baby Doe. In his remembrance, there is a Tabor Lake at the base of Tabor Peak approximately southwest of Leadville, just south of Independence Pass. The actor Don Haggerty played Tabor in the 1967 episode "Chicken Bill" of the syndicated television series "Death Valley Days", hosted by Robert Taylor. Dub Taylor played the title role of the silver miner Chicken Bill Lovell, who in the story line salts his mine to get Tabor to pay off Lovell's lingering debt and to fund his continued operation. In "Silver Dollar, the Story of


title: "Pilgrims Hatch" content: was mainly open countryside and not settled in any numbers until the 20th century. The Chapman & André map of 1777 references 'Pilgrims Hatch Common' and shows limited development along what was to become the modern Ongar Road near the junction with Coxtie Green Road (Cox Green then). The main development of Pilgrims Hatch as a village occurred after World War II. Although population development may have been quite late, Pilgrims Hatch was home to a critical part of early communications infrastructure with Cable & Wireless having a substantial telegraph radio receiving station built on the junction of Hatch Road


title: KUOK content: added as a digital subchannel of Telemundo-affiliated sister station KTUZ-TV for viewers in Oklahoma City with an over-the-air digital receiver in 2011. In December 2011, KCHM-CA ended analog operations and flash-cut its signal to digital (becoming KUOK-CD), allowing Oklahoma City viewers who previously lost access to the station following the digital transition to view the station over-the-air; the KUOK-CD signal covers a 32-mile radius that includes the entire Oklahoma City metropolitan area, although reception is spotty in some areas of the city. From 2005 until May 2008, Equity Broadcasting produced Spanish-language newscasts for KUOK, titled "Noticias Univision Oklahoma"; the newscasts


title: "Melrose Park, New South Wales" content: Melrose Park, New South Wales Melrose Park is a suburb of Sydney, Australia, located 17 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, and is split between the local government areas of the City of Ryde and the City of Parramatta. It is part of the Northern Suburbs area. Melrose Park sits on the northern bank of the Parramatta River. The Wallumedegal Aboriginal tribe lived in the area between the Lane Cove River and Parramatta River, which was known as Walumetta. Melrose Park was the name of the large housing estate established in 1937. Melrose Park is named in honour


title: "Kirrawee, New South Wales" content: for the name, "Kirrawee". The first possibility is that it derives from an Aboriginal word meaning 'lengthy'; the second is that it derives from a Dharawal word, "gi(a)rrawee(i)" (alternative spelling "garrawi"), which means 'place of white cockatoos' or 'sulphur-crested cockatoos'. The current signage erected by the Council uses 'place of white cockatoos' as the accepted meaning for the suburb name. The name was adopted in 1939 with the opening of the Sutherland-Cronulla railway line. A postal receiving office in the locality was known as 'Bladesville'. It operated from the home of Mrs Louisa Blade, was opened in 1909 and closed


title: Antoinism content: to heal; thenceforth, he was known as the "healer of Jemeppe". He distributed remedies learned from Spiritism and advocated vegetarianism, as well as temperance and avoidance of fatty foods. On 8 November 1900, the prosecutor of Liège, who had received an anonymous letter, asked doctors Louis Lenger and Gabriel Corin to investigate the healing activities of Antoine. On 14 December, the Commissioner raided the pharmacist Nizet, installed in Jemeppe, who received orders made by Antoine to heal the sick. Three days later, the prosecutor and the two doctors asked Antoine about his healing activities and attended several consultations. In his


title: "Christopher George" content: battery that indicated that he should work in drama. After graduating from college, George began acting in New York City, where he performed on the stage and in television commercials. His big break came when he was working as a bouncer at a New York waterfront bar and producer Robert Rafelson convinced him to begin an acting career. He studied acting under Wynn Handman and landed roles in Off-Broadway productions of popular plays of the day. Small theater productions in which he appeared while he was studying drama included "All My Sons", "The Moon Is Blue", "Cat on a Hot


title: "Fordson High School" content: The senior class president was George E. Sarkozy, one of those that participated in the ceremony. The school was designed by architect Everett Lane Williams of the Detroit architectural firm Van Leyen, Schilling & Keough. The school building, designed in the Collegiate Gothic style, cost at $2.2M and was inspired in part by the buildings of the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor, Michigan as well as the Rushton and Apethore halls in Northamptonshire, England. The exterior of Fordson is made of granite and uses Briar Hill sandstone trim. The library has hand carved oak paneling, a fireplace,


title: Agent-general content: Agent-general An agent-general is the representative in the United Kingdom of the government of a Canadian province or an Australian state and, historically, also of a British colony in Jamaica, Nigeria, Canada, Malta, South Africa, Australia or New Zealand and subsequently, of a Nigerian region. Australia and Canada's federal governments are represented by high commissions, as are all Commonwealth national governments today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a growing number of British colonies appointed agents in Great Britain and Ireland (and occasionally elsewhere in Europe) to promote immigration to the colonies. Eventually, agents-general were appointed by some colonies to


title: "Soybean cyst nematode" content: not normally used because the economic and environmental costs are prohibitive. Soybean cyst nematode The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a plant-parasitic nematode and a devastating pest of the soybean ("Glycine max") worldwide. The nematode infects the roots of soybean, and the female nematode eventually becomes a cyst. Infection causes various symptoms that may include chlorosis of the leaves and stems, root necrosis, loss in seed yield and suppression of root and shoot growth. SCN has threatened the U.S. crop since the 1950s, reducing returns to soybean producers by $500 million each year and reducing yields by as


title: "Tang Liang Hong" content: and Tony Tan, who accused him of making statements during the campaign which falsely questioned their integrity. A total of 13 judgements were entered against Tang for defamation. Tang also subsequently faced charges from the Inland Revenue Department for evading taxes. Tang left Singapore for Johor, Malaysia, shortly after the election. His wife's passport was then impounded but later released. Eventually Tang found refuge in Australia, where he was reunited with his wife. After Tang left Singapore, the plaintiffs in the lawsuits obtained the Mareva injunction against him to restrain him from disposing of assets and to require him to


title: "Church of the Intercession on the Nerl" content: Church of the Intercession on the Nerl The Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin on the Nerl River (, "Tserkov Pokrova na Nerli") is an Orthodox church and a symbol of medieval Russia. The church is situated at the confluence of Nerl and Klyazma Rivers in Bogolyubovo, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, 13 km north-east of the ancient capital of Vladimir. The church was commissioned by Andrei Bogolyubsky. According to some sources, it was built to commemorate Andrei's victory over the Bulgars and his son Izyaslav, who was slain in the battle. The exact construction date of the church


title: "Church of the Intercession on the Nerl" content: is unknown. The monument is built in white stone, and has one dome and four columns in the interior. Its proportions are elongated on purpose to make its outline seem more slender, although this architectural solution restricts its use for holding services. For centuries, the memorial church greeted everyone approaching the palace at Bogolyubovo. In spring, the area would be flooded, and the church appeared as if floating on water. The church itself has not been touched by later generations; only the dome's shape has been slightly changed, and porch-galleries were added in the 12th-century, rebuilt in 18th-century and then


title: "Church of the Intercession on the Nerl" content: demolished. The walls are still covered with 12th-century stonecarvings. In 1992, the church was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the site White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal. Church of the Intercession on the Nerl The Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin on the Nerl River (, "Tserkov Pokrova na Nerli") is an Orthodox church and a symbol of medieval Russia. The church is situated at the confluence of Nerl and Klyazma Rivers in Bogolyubovo, Suzdalsky District, Vladimir Oblast, 13 km north-east of the ancient capital of Vladimir. The church was commissioned by Andrei


title: "Philip Charles Hardwick" content: daughter, Helen, married Sir Henry George Lyons (1864–1944), later a director of the Science Museum in London. Philip Charles Hardwick is buried alongside his father, Philip, and the Shaw family in Kensal Green Cemetery, London. Philip Charles Hardwick Philip Charles Hardwick (London 1822–1892) was an English architect. Philip Charles Hardwick was born in Westminster in London, the son of the architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) and grandson of architect Thomas Hardwick (junior) (1752–1825). His mother was also from an eminent architectural family, the Shaws. Philip Charles Hardwick's maternal grandfather was John Shaw Senior (1776–1832) and his uncle was John Shaw Jr


title: Kulisteinen content: refers to a national event, the establishment of the law that formally made Christianity the religion of Norway at the Moster Thing in either 1022 or 1024 by King Olaf Haraldsson. The Kuli stone was later dated to 1034 since it was originally found adjacent to a Viking Age boardwalk dated dendrochronologically to that year, on the assumption that the two were contemporaneous. Others have suggested that the inscription refers to the conquest of Norway in 995 by King Olaf Tryggvason and his forced conversions. The transcription and translation below use that accepted in the Rundata database. The runic text


title: "Alan Mahon" content: club. After eight appearances on loan, he joined Burnley permanently on 8 June for £200,000 on a three-year contract. Burnley's then-manager Steve Cotterill described Mahon as "an absolute gem, [he is] the jewel in our crown" and it appeared that Cotterill planned to build Burnley's team around Mahon in the 2006–07 season; however, injuries and a loss of form during the 2006–07 season saw Mahon become a fringe first-team player. In the 2007–08 season, he returned to the first eleven and appeared to have regained the form that he showed when first arriving at Turf Moor. However, injuries plagued his


title: "Hubble Deep Field South" content: counts from the HDF-N. As with the HDF-N, the HDF-S provided rich pickings for cosmologists. Many studies of the HDF-S confirmed results found from the HDF-N, such as star formation rates over the lifetime of the universe. The HDF-S was also extensively used in studies of how galaxies evolve over time, both due to internal processes and encounters with other galaxies. Following Hubble's observations of the HDF-S field, the field was also surveyed in the UV/optical/infrared frequency range by the Anglo-Australian Observatory, the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory and the European Southern Observatory. At mid-infrared it was observed by the Infrared


title: "Akhtar Abdur Rahman" content: Akhtar Abdur Rahman Akhtar Abdur Rahman Khan (Urdu: اختر عبد الرحمن; 11 June 1924 – 17 August 1988), was a Pakistani General who served as Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee of the Pakistan Armed Forces from 1987–1988 and as Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) from 1979–1987. As DG ISI, General Akhtar collaborated with the Central Intelligence Agency and masterminded the resistance network of the Afghan Mujahideen against the Soviet Union, eventually managing to force the Soviets out of Afghanistan. Due to his close friendship with President of Pakistan General Zia-ul-Haq, General Akhtar was widely considered to be the


title: Vitas content: have a daughter and a son. In February 2010, during a concert in Saint Petersburg, Vitas sang the song "Lullaby" for his daughter. In January 2012, Vitas and his family were interviewed on the talk show "Let Them Talk", also in 2007 being interviewed by Russian interviewer TV show Everybody Is At Home where he discussed his personal history as well as his development as an artist. In March of that year, a distraught Vitas appeared on the talk show again to confront the allegations of a man who claimed that he was Vitas' biological father. After much backlash from


title: "Pain Is Love" content: contain ear-grabbing lines and good beats, saying that ""Pain Is Love" is another positive establishment that will indeed create more popularity and more fan acknowledgement for Ja Rule." Steve 'Flash' Juon of RapReviews found Ja's singing voice on some tracks intolerable but gave the album credit for containing tracks that display Irv Gotti's producing talents and Ja's adequate lyricism, concluding that, "Ja Rule will live up to the latter half of his name and dominate the charts for the latter half of 2001 with an album that is undoubtedly his most solid release to date." Soren Baker of the "Los


title: "Lixus (ancient city)" content: to the Geographer of Ravenna, and confirmed by the legend on its coins and by an inscription. The ancients believed Lixus to be the site of the Garden of the Hesperides and of a sanctuary of Hercules, where Hercules gathered gold apples, more ancient than the one at Cadiz, Spain. However, there are no grounds for the claim that Lixus was founded at the end of the second millennium BC. Lixus (, ) was first settled by the Phoenicians in the 8th or 7th centuryBC and was later controlled directly from Carthage. It was part of a chain of Punic


title: "Guyanese literature" content: Literature were founded by President Desmond Hoyte in 1987, with a view to promoting the development of local literature. Prizes are awarded biennially in categories including best book of fiction, best first book of fiction, best book of poems, best first book of poems, and best play. The Guyana Prizes are managed by a committee consisting of a number of university personnel, and the chief librarian of the Guyana National Library. Winners have included Wilson Harris, Fred D'Aguiar, David Dabydeen, D. Gokarran Sukhdeo, Pauline Melville, Ian McDonald, Cyril Dabydeen and Ruel Johnson. Previous winners: Fred D'Aguiar, Grace Nichols, Ian McDonald.


title: "Silhouette Island" content: possession of it in the name of the King of France on 28 January 1771. Graves discovered at Anse Lascars were thought to be evidence of earlier visitors, possibly of Arabic origin (hence the name "Lascars", which is the local term for an Arab). However, when bones from the graves were taken for investigation, they were dated to around 1800, around the time of the first settlement. Also, there is a legend in the Seychelles that the corsair Jean-François Hodoul buried his treasure on Silhouette Island. From the mid-19th century until 1960, the island was owned by the Dauban family,


title: "La Digue" content: which heavily impacted the economy of the Seychelles. In former times, copra and vanilla production were mainstays of the local economy, which is commemorated in the island's museum. Veuve Nature Reserve, in the island's interior, is home to the rare black paradise flycatcher, of which there are only about 100 in existence. La Digue's tallest peak, Belle Vue (Eagle's Nest Mountain), is in the central part of the island, with a summit more than above sea level. La Digue is also visited for its wide variety of underwater creatures like fish, sharks and rays. The island has plenty of accommodation


title: "Dov Davidoff" content: October 2017. Most recently, Davidoff has been guest starring with Ray Liotta and Jennifer Lopez on the NBC cop drama "Shades of Blue". Dov Davidoff Dov Davidoff is an American comedian. Davidoff is originally from Englishtown, New Jersey. In addition to performing regularly in clubs and colleges throughout the country, Davidoff also acted in "Invincible" with Mark Wahlberg, and has made guest or recurring appearances on various TV shows including "Crashing", "Chelsea Lately", "Chappelle's Show", "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "Law & Order", "Raines", "Maron", "Whitney", "Horace and Pete" and "The League". On April 22, 2008, he released a CD entitled ""The


title: "Riograndense Republic" content: Francisco de Sá Brito, José Mariano de Matos, Serafim dos Anjos France, Domingos José de Almeida. Among its articles was written: "Detached the Riograndense people of the Brazilian communion, resumes all the rights of primitive freedom, makes use of these imprescriptible rights constituting an independent Republic, takes in the extensive scale of the sovereign states the place that is responsible for the sufficiency of their resources, civilization and natural riches that assure you the full and complete exercise of your independence, eminent sovereignty and dominion, without objection to the sacrifice of the smallest part of this same independence or sovereignty


title: "Manassas National Battlefield Park" content: Manassas National Battlefield Park Manassas National Battlefield Park, located north of Manassas, in Prince William County, Virginia, preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30, 1862 (also known as the "First Battle of Manassas" and the "Second Battle of Manassas", respectively). The peaceful Virginia countryside bore witness to clashes between the armies of the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy), and it was there that Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson acquired his


title: "Manassas National Battlefield Park" content: nickname "Stonewall." Today the National Battlefield Park provides the opportunity for visitors to explore the historic terrain where men fought and died more than a century ago. More than 900,000 people visit the battlefield each year. (In comparison, roughly 15 million people annually visit nearby Washington, DC.) As a historic area under the National Park Service, the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The Henry Hill Visitor Center, on Sudley Road by the south entrance to the park, offers exhibits and interpretation regarding the First Battle of Bull Run, including civil


title: "Manassas National Battlefield Park" content: war era uniforms, weapons, field gear and an electronic battle map. The center offers the orientation film "Manassas: End of Innocence", as well as a bookstore. Manassas National Battlefield Park Manassas National Battlefield Park, located north of Manassas, in Prince William County, Virginia, preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30, 1862 (also known as the "First Battle of Manassas" and the "Second Battle of Manassas", respectively). The peaceful Virginia countryside bore


title: ETFE content: nuclear industry for tie or cable wraps and in the aviation and aerospace industries for wire coatings. This is because ETFE has better mechanical toughness than PTFE. In addition, ETFE exhibits a high-energy radiation resistance and can withstand moderately high temperatures for a long period of time. Commercially deployed brand names of ETFE include "Tefzel" by DuPont, "Fluon" by Asahi Glass Company, "Neoflon ETFE" by Daikin, and "Texlon" by Vector Foiltec. Due to its high temperature resistance ETFE is also used in film mode as a mold-release film. ETFE film offered by Guarniflon or Airtech International and Honeywell is used


title: "Amalia of Oldenburg" content: influence state affairs, particularly in matters relating to Austria, through both the queen and the king, which exposed her to controversy: when the king and queen was deposed, it was reported in the press that all their courtiers were left unmolested with the exception of Pluscow, who were exposed to sarcasm from the crowd when she left. When she arrived in Greece as a queen in 1837, she had an immediate impact on social life and fashion. She realized that her attire ought to emulate that of her new people, and so she created a romantic folksy court dress, which


title: "David King Udall" content: was stripped of his priesthood by the LDS Church. When the marriage came to light, Udall was never sanctioned, but he was forced to cease marital relations with Mary. He did, however, continue to support her and her children (from her marriage to Morgan) financially until the children reached adulthood. In 1906, a Prescott Federal Grand Jury indicted Udall and several others on charges of polygamy, which was a violation of the Edmunds Act. After Marshal Ben Daniels served Udall and the others, they went to Prescott and paid their fines of $100, and then went back home. From 1927


title: "Carabooda, Western Australia" content: a Noongar Aboriginal word. The current spelling was in use by 1867, and it was approved as a suburb name in 1982. The name "Karoborup" survives in a regional road through the suburb. Carabooda is bounded by Romeo Road/Karoborup Road to the south, the proposed Mitchell Freeway to the west, Cutler Road and Old Yanchep Road to the east and Walding Road (near the Yanchep turnoff) to the north. At the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 census, Carabooda had a population of 737 people living in 316 dwellings, an increase of 227 from the 2006 census. Carabooda is a sparsely


title: "Recursive Bayesian estimation" content: the "k"-th and the probability distribution associated with the previous state, over all possible formula_6. The probability distribution of update is proportional to the product of the measurement likelihood and the predicted state. The denominator is constant relative to formula_1, so we can always substitute it for a coefficient formula_11, which can usually be ignored in practice. The numerator can be calculated and then simply normalized, since its integral must be unity. Sequential Bayesian filtering is the extension of the Bayesian estimation for the case when the observed value changes in time. It is a method to estimate the real


title: "Southwell Minster" content: Southwell Minster Southwell Minster () is a minster and cathedral, in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated six miles from Newark-on-Trent and thirteen miles from Mansfield. It is the seat of the Bishop of Southwell and Nottingham and the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The earliest church on the site is believed to have been founded in 627 by Paulinus, the first Archbishop of York, when he visited the area while baptising believers in the River Trent. The legend is commemorated in the Minster's baptistry window. In 956 King Eadwig gave land in Southwell to Oskytel, Archbishop of York, on


title: "Southwell Minster" content: which a minster church was established. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the Southwell manor in great detail. The Norman reconstruction of the church began in 1108, probably as a rebuilding of the Anglo-Saxon church, starting at the east end so that the high altar could be used as soon as possible and the Saxon building was dismantled as work progressed. Many stones from this earlier Anglo-Saxon church were reused in the construction. The tessellated floor and late 11th century tympanum in the north transept are the only parts of the Anglo-Saxon building remaining intact. Work on the nave began


title: "Southwell Minster" content: after 1120 and the church was completed by c.1150. The church was originally attached to the Archbishop of York's Palace which stood next door and is now ruined. It served the archbishop as a place of worship and was a collegiate body of theological learning, hence its designation as a minster. The minster draws its choir from the nearby school with which it is associated. The Norman chancel was replaced with another in the Early English style in 1234 because it was too small. The octagonal chapter house, built in 1286 with a vault in the Decorated Gothic style has


title: "Southwell Minster" content: naturalistic carvings of foliage (the 13th-century stonecarving includes several Green Men). The elaborately carved "pulpitum" or choir screen was built in 1350. The church suffered less than many others in the English Reformation as it was refounded in 1543 by Act of Parliament. Southwell is where Charles I was captured during the English Civil War. The fighting saw the church seriously damaged and the nave is said to have been used as stabling. The adjoining palace was almost completely destroyed, first by Scottish troops and then by the local people, with only the Hall of the Archbishop remaining as a


title: "Southwell Minster" content: ruined shell. The Minster's financial accounts show that extensive repairs were necessary after this period. On 5 November 1711 the southwest spire was struck by lightning, and the resulting fire spread to the nave, crossing and tower destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ. By 1720 repairs had been completed, now giving a flat panelled ceiling to the nave and transepts. In 1805 Archdeacon Kaye gave the Minster the Newstead lectern; once owned by Newstead Abbey, it had been thrown into the Abbey fishpond by the monks to save it during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, then later discovered when the


title: "Southwell Minster" content: lake was dredged. Henry Gally Knight in 1818 gave the Minster four panels of 16th century Flemish glass (which now fill the bottom part of the East window) which he had acquired from a Parisian pawnshop. In danger of collapse, the spires were removed in 1805 and re-erected in 1879–81 when the minster was extensively restored by Ewan Christian, an architect specialising in churches. The nave roof was replaced with a pitched roof and the choir was redesigned and refitted. Southwell Minster was served by prebendaries from the early days of its foundation. By 1291 there were 16 Prebends of


title: "Southwell Minster" content: Southwell mentioned in the Taxation Roll. In 1540 the prebends and minster were suppressed but an act of Parliament in 1543 re-established "the college and church collegiate of Southwell". Under an Act of King Edward VI, the prebendaries were given pensions and their estates sold. The minster continued as the parish church on the petitions of the parishioners. By an Act of Philip and Mary in 1557, the minster and its prebends were restored. On 2 April 1585 a set of statutes was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth I and the chapter operated under this constitution until it was dissolved in


title: "Southwell Minster" content: 1841. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners made provision for the abolition of the chapter as a whole; the death of each canon after this time resulted in the extinction of his prebend. The chapter came to its appointed end on 12 February 1873 with the death of Thomas Henry Shepherd, rector of Clayworth and prebendary of Beckingham. In 1884 Southwell Minster became a cathedral proper for Nottinghamshire and a part of Derbyshire including the city of Derby. The diocese was divided in 1927 and the Diocese of Derby was formed. The diocese's centenary was commemorated by a royal visit to hand out


title: "Southwell Minster" content: Maundy money. George Ridding, the first Bishop of Southwell, designed and paid for the grant of Arms now used as the diocesan coat of arms. Its creation as a cathedral led to confusion concerning the civic status of Southwell. Traditionally it was considered to be a city because of the presence of the cathedral, but it has not been granted city status. The Friends of Cathedral Music was founded in 1956 by Ronald Sibthorpe prompted by a decision of the provost to abolish Saturday choral evensong so that lay clerks could watch football at Newark-on-Trent. The nave, transepts, central tower


title: "Southwell Minster" content: and two western towers of the Norman church which replaced the Saxon minster remain as an outstanding achievement of severe Romanesque design. The central tower's two ornamental stages place it high among England's surviving Norman towers. The nave is imposing, with cylindrical columns, large triforium arches and an unaltered clerestory with rows of round windows. The choir is Early English in style. In the 14th century the choir screen and the chapter house were added. The polygonal chapter house and its vestibule comprise a Decorated masterpiece with sculptured detail including heads and naturalistic foliage, the latter being unsurpassed in England.


title: "Southwell Minster" content: There is the tomb of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York (died 1588). As of 18 January 2018: Much of the worship at the minster is led by the Cathedral Choir, a traditional choir of boys and men, directed by the "Rector Chori" ("The Ruler of the Choir"), [Paul Provost]. Choristers are educated at the Minster School, which is unusual among choir schools as it is in the state sector. The choir has attracted international attention when previous head chorister Ben Inman, formed the Choirboys, a "boy band" comprising three cathedral choristers. There is a girls' choir and the adult Minster


title: "Southwell Minster" content: Chorale. The minster follows the rites of the Church of England and uses the 1662 Book of Common Prayer for Choral Eucharist on Sunday. In recent years, the choir has broadcast on BBC Radio 3, recorded CDs, toured in Europe, filmed Christmas programmes and given world premières of specially commissioned works such as Paul Patterson’s Southwell Millennium Mass. The choir has appeared before the Queen, sung with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Orchestra of St John's, Smith Square and the London Festival Orchestra. In 2003 the Minster Choir joined the choirs of Westminster Cathedral and St Albans Cathedral for a


title: "Southwell Minster" content: concert in the St Albans International Organ Festival. Ted Heath, former Prime Minister, wrote "I cannot recall a more impressive programme of church music in many recent years. My deepest congratulations for an evening the richness of which will last for ever". There are usually 16 choristers in the Cathedral Choir. As with most choirs there is a hierarchical ranking system, in this case of Head Chorister; Deputy Head Chorister; Corner Boys; Senior Singing Boys; Junior Singing Boys and Probationers. The ranks of corner boy upwards are entitled to wear a 'tippet', a very short red cloak which is worn


title: "Southwell Minster" content: over the surplice. There are also Juniors who do not sing with the full choir, but are training to become full choristers. There are six full-time professional lay clerks in the choir supplemented by six men on alternate Sunday evenings and on special occasions, expanding the repertoire and force of the choir. The lay clerks often perform in their own right in services. The Minster Girls’ Choir was formed in February 2005 by the Assistant Organist Simon Bell. It is made up of 18 choristers, under the direction of Simon Hogan. The girls are drawn from the Minster School. They


title: "Southwell Minster" content: sing at the 9.30am Family Eucharist on Sundays once per month and at Evensong every Monday at 5.45pm. The choir’s repertoire consists of music written for upper voices and includes music by composers such as Jean Langlais, Charles Wood and George Dyson. In September 2007, the choir sang a commissioned anthem by Andrew Parnell, a former chorister at Southwell, as part of the service of installation of the Dean. The choir's first tour was to Stavanger in Norway in October 2009, followed by another in 2013 to Amsterdam. In 2011 it released a CD, Christus Rex – a selection of


title: "Southwell Minster" content: music from Lent to Ascension, including Leighton's Easter Sequence, directed by Philip White-Jones and accompanied by Jonathan Turner with Richard Pratt, trumpet. The Minster Chorale is an adult choir that sings at services throughout the year. It consists of up to thirty members who rehearse on Friday evenings. Currently directed by the Assistant Director of Music, the chorale was founded in 1994 by Philip Rushforth and Paul Hale. The choir sings a cross-section of the whole repertoire of traditional cathedral music, including works by Palestrina, Byrd, Mozart, Stanford and Howells. It deputises for the Minster Choir at half-term, and sings


title: "Southwell Minster" content: at many evening Eucharist services on high feast days, such as Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday and Ascension Day. The Chorale takes its share of Christmas duties, singing at Midnight Mass. The chorale is invited to perform occasional concerts and services away from the minster. It has sung in Rievaulx Abbey, St Mary’s Collegiate Church in Warwick and Uppingham Parish Church. In July 2005, the chorale sang a services at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. In summer 2011, it joined with the Voluntary Choir of Rochester Cathedral to celebrate the music of Rochester composers such as Robert Ashfield, Barry Ferguson and Percy


title: "Southwell Minster" content: Whitlock. To see the list of organists, assistant directors of music and organ scholars, see the list of musicians at English cathedrals. The Minster is also home to the annual Southwell Music Festival, held in late August. Southwell Minster Southwell Minster () is a minster and cathedral, in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated six miles from Newark-on-Trent and thirteen miles from Mansfield. It is the seat of the Bishop of Southwell and Nottingham and the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The earliest church on the site is believed to have been founded in 627 by Paulinus, the first Archbishop


title: Paryushana content: compared to other world religions, to protect life. This encompasses all living beings, from one-sensed onwards. The purpose of not eating root vegetables is that they contain countless one-sensed beings termed ‘nigod’. During Paryushana the Jains also do not eat green vegetables to reduce harm to the lower sensed beings. 2. Self-restraint from desires or passions – These lead to pain and are therefore to be avoided. b) Permanent (nīshyānay) 1. Restraining injury to the self – This has been elaborated upon in Nischay Kshma Dharma. 2. Self-restraint from desires or passions – Emotions, e.g. likes, dislikes or anger lead


title: "Joe Allbaugh" content: Joe Allbaugh himself says he only consults with clients on presenting their services to government agencies, and does not lobby the government directly for contracts. "The Wall Street Journal" compared his work to that of his predecessor at FEMA, James Lee Witt, who also went into the private sector and used the same distinction in working for clients. Major Allbaugh Company clients include The Shaw Group and Halliburton subsidiary KBR. Though no longer affiliated with FEMA, Allbaugh traveled to the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina to help coordinate private-sector support, according to his spokeswoman. His clients were among the first


title: Blithfield content: and the "clerestory above the nave" was added in the 15th century. The upper part of the tower, with stained glass in the west window is thought to date back to 1525. The rest of the church dates to the 19th century. The remains of a 13th- or 14th-century cross can still be seen in the churchyard. The church contains tombs of the Bagot family as well as an original helmet, ancient stained glass windows and a floor paved in Minton tiles. Parish registers of the church begin in 1538. The churchyard contains a war grave of a Royal Flying


title: "Orton Grain" content: Orton Grain Orton Irwin Grain (August 9, 1863—February 2, 1930) was a Canadian physician and politician in Manitoba. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1899 to 1903, and again from 1907 to 1913. Grain was born in Fergus, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of William Grain, a native of Gibraltar, and Mary Orton, the sister of Dr. G. T. Orton, and attended schools in Fergus and the Toronto School of Medicine. He was assistant surgeon of the 91st battalion in Canada. Grain was one of the charter holders of the Winnipeg and Northern Railway, and served


title: WSFX-TV content: of WSFX's affiliation switch, Wilmington did not have an over-the-air CBS affiliate until March 2000 when low-powered UPN affiliate WILM-LP switched its primary affiliation to CBS. During that time, cable systems supplemented the area with either WRAL, WNCT, or WBTW. On paper, the loss of CBS should have put channel 26 in serious jeopardy. Fox had just begun airing a full week's worth of programming just a season earlier, but then as now, does not produce any daytime programming. WSFX thus now faced having to buy an additional 10 hours of programming per day. However, the move to Fox rejuvenated


title: "2007 Pacific typhoon season" content: rabbit in a Chinese fable. The JTWC followed suit 3 hours later, upgrading the system to Tropical Storm 02W as it moved quickly westwards, heading for Yap. Tropical storm warnings and watches were put in place for most of the Yap State, but were later cancelled after Yutu passed through quickly. It then took a northwesterly turn, entered the PAGASA area of responsibility on May 18 as it reached severe tropical storm strength, and was named "Amang". Later that day, the JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon, and identified a "distinct eye feature", and the JMA upgraded the severe tropical


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: Piazza della Signoria Piazza della Signoria () is an L-shaped square in front of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. It was named after the Palazzo della Signoria, also called Palazzo Vecchio. It is the main point of the origin and history of the Florentine Republic and still maintains its reputation as the political focus of the city. It is the meeting place of Florentines as well as the numerous tourists, located near Palazzo Vecchio and Piazza del Duomo and gateway to Uffizi Gallery. The impressive 14th-century Palazzo Vecchio is still preeminent with its crenellated tower. The square is also


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: shared with the Loggia della Signoria, the Uffizi Gallery, the Palace of the Tribunale della Mercanzia (1359) (now the Bureau of Agriculture), and the Palazzo Uguccioni (1550, with a facade attributed to Raphael, who however died thirty years before its construction). Located in front of the Palazzo Vecchio is the Palace of the Assicurazioni Generali (1871, built in Renaissance style). The Palazzo Vecchio ("Old Palace") is the town hall of the city. This massive, Romanesque, crenellated fortress-palace is among the most impressive town halls of Tuscany. Overlooking the square with its copy of Michelangelo's David statue as well the gallery


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: of statues in the adjacent Loggia dei Lanzi, it is one of the most significant public places in Italy, and it hosts cultural points and museums. Originally called the "Palazzo della Signoria", after the Signoria of Florence, the ruling body of the Republic of Florence, it was also given several other names: "Palazzo del Popolo", "Palazzo dei Priori", and "Palazzo Ducale", in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno to the Palazzo Pitti. The Loggia dei Lanzi consists of


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: wide arches open to the street, three bays wide and one bay deep. The arches rest on clustered pilasters with Corinthian capitals. The wide arches appealed so much to the Florentines, that Michelangelo even proposed that they should be continued all around the Piazza della Signoria. The vivacious construction of the Loggia is in stark contrast with the severe architecture of the Palazzo Vecchio. It is effectively an open-air sculpture gallery of antique and Renaissance art including the "Medici lions". The "Tribunale della Mercanzia" (Tribunal of Merchandise) is a building where in the past lawyers judged in the trial between


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: merchants. Here was a porch painted by Taddeo Gaddi, Antonio del Pollaiolo and Sandro Botticelli, today stored in the Uffizi gallery. Built for Giovanni Uguccioni since 1550, its design has been variously attributed to Raphael, Michelangelo, Bartolomeo Ammannati or Raffaello da Montelupo. The Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali was designed in the Neo-Renaissance style in 1871, and is one of the very few purpose-built commercial buildings in the centre of the city. On the ground floor of this palace is the historical cafè Rivoire. Other palaces are the "palazzo dei Buonaguisi" and the "palazzo dell'Arte dei Mercatanti". Various imposing statues ring


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: this square including: The piazza was already a central square in the original Roman town Florentia, surrounded by a theatre, Roman baths and a workshop for dyeing textiles. Later there was a church San Romolo, a loggia and an enormous 5th-century basilica. This was shown by the archaeological treasures found beneath the square when it was repaved in the 1980s. Even remains of a Neolithic site were found. The square started taking shape from 1268 on, when houses of Ghibellines were pulled down by the victorious Guelphs. The square remained a long time untidy, full of holes. In 1385 it


title: "Piazza della Signoria" content: was paved for the first time. In 1497 Girolamo Savonarola and his followers carried out on this square the famous Bonfire of the Vanities, burning in a large pile books, gaming tables, fine dresses, and works of poets. In front of the fountain of Neptune, a round marble plaque marks the exact spot where Girolamo Savonarola was hanged and burned on May 23, 1498. Piazza della Signoria Piazza della Signoria () is an L-shaped square in front of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. It was named after the Palazzo della Signoria, also called Palazzo Vecchio. It is the main


title: "2004 Pacific typhoon season" content: falling within a 24‑hour period. Tokage was regarded as the deadliest storm to strike Japan since Typhoon Bess in 1982. A total of 95 deaths were attributed to high winds, flooding and mudslides caused by Tokage, with an additional three people reported missing. A total of 18,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes. Damages from the storm amounted to $3.23 billion (2004 USD). The name Nock-ten is taken from a type of bird found in Laos. Typhoon Nock-ten originated from a disturbance that formed amongst the Marshall Islands early on October 13 while 45 miles west of Kwajalein Atoll.


title: "Eared dove" content: Eared dove The eared dove ("Zenaida auriculata") is a New World dove. It is a resident breeder throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It may be a relatively recent colonist of Tobago and Trinidad. It appears to be partially migratory, its movements driven by food supplies. It is a close relative of the North American mourning dove. With that species, the Socorro dove, and possibly the Galápagos dove it forms a superspecies. The latter two are insular offshoots, the Socorro birds from ancestral mourning doves, the Galápagos


title: "Eared dove" content: ones from more ancient stock. The eared dove is long with a long wedge-shaped tail, and weighs normally about . Adult males have mainly olive-brown upperpart plumage, with black spots on the wings. The head has a grey crown, black line behind the eye, and the blue-black on the lower ear coverts. These black markings give the species its English and specific name. The underparts are vinous, and the tail is tipped with cinnamon. The bill is black and the legs dark red. The female is duller than the male, and immature birds are greyish-brown, very dull, with pale barring.


title: "Eared dove" content: The species' call is a deep soft "oo-ah-oo". The eared dove is common to abundant in savannahs and other open areas, including cultivation, and it readily adapts to human habitation, being seen on wires and telephone posts near towns in Trinidad and Venezuela, almost in all public spaces of large urban areas such as Bogotá, Colombia and feeding near beach resorts in Tobago. Eared doves feed mainly on seed taken from the ground, but will take other items such as soaked bread. They can be agricultural pests. This is a gregarious bird when not feeding, and forms flocks especially at


title: "Eared dove" content: migration time or at communal roosts. Its flight is high, fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. It also has a breeding display with a steep climb and semi-circular glide down to its original perch. It builds a small stick nest several meters up in a tree and lays two white eggs. These hatch in 12–14 days with another 9 days to fledging. There appears to be no fixed breeding season in most of their range, and provided with plentiful food and habitat birds will


title: "Eared dove" content: breed almost continuously. Eared doves provide the last big-bag shooting experience in the world. There are reckoned to be more than 23 million of these doves in the fields around Córdoba in northern Argentina, and recent estimates put the figure in the 32 million range. It is not unknown for a single gun to shoot 1000 birds in a day. The scale of this wing-shooting recalls the numbers of passenger pigeons taken by North American gunners in the 1800s. That hunting pressure brought the passenger pigeon to rapid extinction, but the eared dove seems to be more resilient. Indeed, as


title: "Eared dove" content: with the passenger pigeons, eared dove populations in Argentina and Bolivia sometimes "darken the skies". Thus, it seems that populations on the sporting estates of Argentina are holding their own, with the birds breeding four times a year and thriving on the vast areas of grain, some grown for their benefit, most of it on commercial farms which are happy to support the dove shooting. There are dozens of luxury lodges which specialize in dove hunting, and the season extends all year long. The eared doves around Córdoba do not migrate, and the enormous flocks are described as flying constantly


title: "Eared dove" content: between their roosting woods and the open fields. In the Córdoba region in Argentina the eared doves are known as palomas doradas because of the shining feathers sometimes present in their plumage. Further north, in Bolivia, around de Gran Chaco region, near the immense soy and sorghum plantations around Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the dove shooting is more seasonal, going from May to September with large flocks arriving from Argentina to raid the grain crops. Locals attest that eared doves, which they call by the Guaraní name of totaky were quite rare in the region just a couple of


title: "Eared dove" content: decades ago, a testimony not only to the resilience of the species but to the huge impact that the newly created large feeding grounds have on dove populations. Eared dove The eared dove ("Zenaida auriculata") is a New World dove. It is a resident breeder throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It may be a relatively recent colonist of Tobago and Trinidad. It appears to be partially migratory, its movements driven by food supplies. It is a close relative of the North American mourning dove. With that


title: "Direct debit" content: Direct debit A direct debit or direct withdrawal is a financial transaction in which one person withdraws funds from another person's bank account. Formally, the person who directly draws the funds ("the payee") instructs his or her bank to collect (i.e., debit) an amount directly from another's ("the payer's") bank account designated by the payer and pay those funds into a bank account designated by the payee. Before the payer's banker will allow the transaction to take place, the payer must have advised the bank that he or she has authorized the payee to directly draw the funds. It is


title: "Highway (Free album)" content: 45rpm). All tracks written by Andy Fraser and Paul Rodgers unless otherwise stated. Highway (Free album) Highway is the fourth studio album by English rock band Free. It was recorded extremely quickly in September 1970 following the band's success at the Isle of Wight Festival but with an attitude of relaxation , the band having achieved worldwide success with their previous album "Fire and Water" and the single "All Right Now". It is a low-key and introspective album compared with its predecessors. From a writing point of view "Highway" continued in the same vein as previous albums, with Paul Rodgers


title: "Reuben Baetz" content: became a social worker and assisted in the reconstruction of Germany and Hungary after World War II. Before entering provincial politics, he was a member of the Ontario Economic Council, the Canada Manpower and Immigration Council and the Canadian Association of Social Workers. He led the Canadian Council of Social Development from 1963 to 1977. He was elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1977 provincial election, defeating Liberal Bill Roberts by 5,373 votes in Ottawa West. He entered Bill Davis's cabinet on January 21, 1978 as Minister of Energy, and was named Minister of Culture and Recreation on August


title: "NER 1001 Class" content: to the large boiler to start heavy loads. The last ten NER 1001s were delivered in 1875. Many were rebuilt in the following twenty five years. The last was withdrawn in 1923. Having travelled an official mileage of , locomotive number 1275 is preserved at the National Railway Museum in York. NER 1001 Class The North Eastern Railway (NER) 1001 Class was a class of long-boiler 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed in Britain by William Bouch. A NER 1001 class locomotive weighed about , with a wheelbase of and diameter driven wheels. Its diameter boiler produced over of tractive effort at


title: "Detection limit" content: signal at the detection limit (Sdl) is given by: formula_1. where Sreag is the signal for a reagent blank, σreag is the known standard deviation for the reagent blank’s signal. Other approaches for defining the detection limit have also been developed. In atomic absorption spectrometry usually the detection limit is determined for a certain element by analyzing a diluted solution of this element and recording the corresponding absorbances. The experiment is repeated for 10 times. The 3σ of the recorded absorbance signal can be considered as the detection limit for the specific element under the experimental conditions used – wavelength,


title: "Graham Joyce" content: Graham Joyce Graham Joyce (22 October 1954 – 9 September 2014) was a British writer of speculative fiction and the recipient of numerous awards, including the O. Henry Award and the World Fantasy Award, for both his novels and short stories. He grew up in a small mining village just outside Coventry to a working-class family. After receiving a B.Ed. from Bishop Lonsdale College in 1977 and a M.A. from the University of Leicester in 1980. Joyce worked as a youth officer for the National Association of Youth Clubs until 1988. He subsequently quit his position and moved to the


title: "1954–55 NHL season" content: he took the opportunity to thank the governors and others associated with the league during the 30 years of his being officer of the Boston club for the kindness, courtesy and cooperation he had received, and extended his good wishes for the continued success of the league. Conn Smythe and Frank Selke voiced the good wishes of all present to Ross on his retirement. Prior to the season, Red Wings head coach Tommy Ivan left Detroit to become general manager of the Chicago Black Hawks, and Jimmy Skinner replaced him behind the bench in the Motor City. One of the


title: "Outer Critics Circle Award" content: Prophet" by Stephen Karam as Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play, and Michael John LaChiusa's "Queen of the Mist" as Outstanding New Off-Broadway Musical. "The Submission" by Jeff Talbot received the John Gassner Award. The nominees, announced on April 26, 2011, included nine nominations for the musical "Sister Act", the most of any show. "Anything Goes" received eight nominations. The Special Achievement Awards were also announced: Ellen Barkin, Outstanding Broadway Debut in "The Normal Heart"; and Adrian Kohler with Basil Jones for Handspring Puppet Company Puppet Design, Fabrication and Direction for "War Horse". Source: BroadwayWorld.com Nominees for the 2009–2010 season were announced


title: "Sam Cosstick" content: Sam Cosstick Samuel Cosstick (1 January 1836 – 8 April 1896) was an important figure in developing cricket in Victoria in its formative years. He is well known for umpiring in the second ever Test match, played between Australia and England in Melbourne, 1877. Cosstick was born at Croydon, Surrey, England. He was attracted to Victoria by the gold fever of the early 1850s and joined the Melbourne Cricket Club on arrival. There he was employed as a ground bowler, bowling in the nets to the members for hours at a time for a salary of £150 a year. Cosstick


title: "Wesley College (Dublin)" content: recently honoured as the Best Irish Published Book of the Year, in the 2007 Irish Book Awards. In 2010, The National Library of Ireland purchased the original letters that were included in the original 1985 edition of Lifelines. Subsequently, Wesley College donated all correspondence, photographs and other related archival material to the Library. The Discover Lifelines exhibition in the Library's main hall showed letters from this archive from writers, poets, actors, artists, media personalities and politician and ran throughout 2010. A collective edition of the anthology was published by Town House, Dublin, in 1992. The Senior Choir at Wesley College


title: "Minor places in Middle-earth" content: kingdom of Angmar, which straddled the mountains and gave its name to the range. The mountains were inhabited at various times both by Dwarves and Orcs. The Mountains of Moria were the three massive peaks at the midpoint of the Misty Mountains: Caradhras, Celebdil and Fanuidhol. The great Mines of Moria were delved by the Dwarves beneath these three mountains; the main body of their realm lay under Celebdil. The Mountains of Moria embayed a great valley, Dimrill Dale, with Celebdil on the west, Caradhras in the north, and Fanuidhol on the east. The most southerly of the Misty Mountains'


title: Amanohashidate content: Amanohashidate Amanohashidate (天橋立) is one of Japan's three scenic views. The sandbar is located in Miyazu Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture. It forms part of the Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama Quasi-National Park. A thin strip of land connects two opposing sides of Miyazu Bay. This sand bar is 3.3 km long and covered with about 7,000 pine trees. It can be viewed from mountains on either side of the bay or it can be traversed on foot. Near the northern end is Kono Shrine, Shinto Shrine and the southern end is Chion-ji, a Buddhist temple. On the bar is the Isoshimizu fresh water


title: Amanohashidate content: well cherished since the Heian period, which was selected as one of 100 best springs and rivers in Japan by the Environmental Agency in 1985. Amanohashidate Station on the Miyazu Line railway, about two hours from Kyoto Station or Osaka Station, is located within walking distance from the southern end of Amanohashidate. Amanohashidate Amanohashidate (天橋立) is one of Japan's three scenic views. The sandbar is located in Miyazu Bay in northern Kyoto Prefecture. It forms part of the Tango-Amanohashidate-Ōeyama Quasi-National Park. A thin strip of land connects two opposing sides of Miyazu Bay. This sand bar is 3.3 km long


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: Jantar Mantar, Jaipur The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed in 1734. It features the world's largest stone sundial, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is located near City Palace and Hawa Mahal. The instruments allow the observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye. The monument expresses architectural innovations, as well as the coming together of ideas from different religious and social beliefs in 18th-century India. The observatory is an example of the Ptolemaic positional astronomy which was


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: shared by many civilizations. The monument features instruments operating in each of the three main classical celestial coordinate systems: the horizon-zenith local system, the equatorial system and the ecliptic system. The "Kapala Yantraprakara" is one that works in two systems and allows transformation of the coordinates directly from one system to the other. The monument was damaged in the 19th century. Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District. The name is derived from jantar (yantra, Sanskrit: यन्त्र, "instrument, machine"), and


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: "mantar" (from "mantrana", Sanskrit: मन्त्रण, "consult, calculate"). Therefore, "Jantar Mantar" literally means 'calculating instrument'. Jai Singh noticed that the zij used in his time, especially the predictions of the position of celestial objects such as the moon, did not match the positions calculated on the table. He constructed five new observatories in different cities in order to create a more accurate Zij. The astronomical tables Jai Singh created, the Zij-i Muhammad Shahi was continuously used in India for a century although the table had little significance outside of India. When Jai Singh began construction in Jaipur is unknown, but several


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: instruments had been built by 1728, and the construction of the instruments in Jaipur continued until 1738. During 1735, when construction was at its peak, at least 23 Astronomers were employed in Jaipur, and due to the changing political climate, Jaipur replaced Delhi as Jai Singh's main observatory, and remained Jai Singh's central observatory until his death in 1743. The observatory lost support under Isvari Singh (r.1743-1750) because of a succession war between him and his brother. However, Mado Singh (r. 1750-1768), Isvari Singh's successor, supported the observatory, although it did not see the same level of activity as under


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: Jai Singh. Although some restorations were made to the Jantar Mantar under Pratap Singh (r.1778-1803), activity at the observatory died down again. During this time, a temple was constructed, and Pratap Singh turned the site of the observatory into a gun factory. Ram Singh (r. 1835-1880) began the restoration of the Jantar Mantar, and completed restoring it in 1876, and even made some of the instruments more durable by inserting lead into the lines in the instruments, and restoring some of the plaster instruments with stone instead. However, the observatory soon became neglected again, and was not restored until 1901


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: under Madho Singh II (r. 1880-1922) The observatory consists of nineteen instruments for measuring time, predicting eclipses, tracking location of major stars as the earth orbits around the sun, ascertaining the declinations of planets, and determining the celestial altitudes and related ephemerides. The instruments are (alphabetical): The Vrihat Samrat Yantra, which means the "great king of instruments", is high; its shadow tells the time of day. Its face is angled at 27 degrees, the latitude of Jaipur. The Hindu chhatri (small cupola) on top is used as a platform for announcing eclipses and the arrival of monsoons. The instruments are


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: in most cases huge structures. The scale to which they have been built has been alleged to increase their accuracy. However, the penumbra of the sun can be as wide as 30 mm, making the 1mm increments of the Samrat Yantra sundial devoid of any practical significance. Additionally, the masons constructing the instruments had insufficient experience with construction of this scale, and subsidence of the foundations has subsequently misaligned them. The "samrat yantra", for instance, which is a sundial, can be used to tell the time to an accuracy of about two seconds in Jaipur local time. The Giant Sundial,


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: known as the Samrat Yantra (The Supreme Instrument) is one of the world's largest sundials, standing 27 metres tall. Its shadow moves visibly at 1 mm per second, or roughly a hand's breadth (6 cm) every minute, which can be a profound experience to watch. Built from local stone and marble, each instrument carries an astronomical scale, generally marked on the marble inner lining. Bronze tablets, bricks and mortar were also employed in building the instruments in the monument spread over about 18,700 square metres. It was in continuous use until about 1800, then fell in disuse and disrepair. Restored


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: again several times during the British colonial rule, particularly in 1902, the Jantar Mantar was declared a national monument in 1948. It was restored in 2006. The restoration process in early 20th century replaced some of the original materials of construction with different materials. Jantar Mantar is managed under the Archeological Sites and Monuments Act of Rajasthan since 1961, and protected as a National Monument of Rajasthan since 1968. The Vedas mention astronomical terms, measurement of time and calendar, but do not mention any astronomical instruments. The earliest discussion of astronomical instruments, gnomon and clepsydra, is found in the Vedangas,


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: ancient Sanskrit texts. The gnomon (called Shanku, शङ्कु) found at Jantar Mantar monument is discussed in these 1st millennium BCE Vedangas and in many later texts such as the Katyayana sulbasutras. Other discussions of astronomical instruments are found in Hinduism texts such as the 4th century BCE Arthashastra, Buddhist texts such as Sardulakarna-avadana, and Jainism texts such as Surya-prajnapti. The theories behind the instruments are found in texts by the 5th century CE Aryabhatta, 6th century CE Brahmagupta and Varahamihira, 9th century Lalla, 11th century Sripati and Bhaskara. The texts of Bhaskara have dedicated chapters on instruments and he calls


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: them "Yantra-adhyaya". The theory of chakra-yantra, yasti-yantra, dhanur-yantra, kapala-yantra, nadivalaya-yantra, kartari-yantra and others are found in the ancient texts. Although Jai Singh's observatories did not use telescopes, Jai Singh himself had several which he occasionally used for his observations, and telescopes were being built in India at the time. However, telescopes built at the time were not very accurate for measuring celestial objects. In Europe, the telescope sights were first being used, and increased the accuracy of measuring celestial objects. However, the telescope sight was still a new invention in Europe, and had not yet reached India, and European innovations


title: "Jantar Mantar, Jaipur" content: in Astronomy were only slightly more accurate than the medieval Islamic instruments that Jai Singh had created. It was used as a filming location for the 2006 film "The Fall" as a maze. Storm Thorgerson photographed the sundial for the cover of Shpongle's DVD, "Live at the Roundhouse 2008". It was photographed by Julio Cortázar with the collaboration of Antonio Gálvez for the book "Prosa del Observatorio" (Editorial Lumen: Barcelona, 1972). Jantar Mantar, Jaipur The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, and completed


title: "Rumex acetosella" content: Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella, commonly known as sheep's sorrel, red sorrel, sour weed and field sorrel, is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. The plant and its subspecies are common perennial weeds. It has green arrowhead-shaped leaves and red-tinted deeply ridged stems, and it sprouts from an aggressive and spreading rhizome. The flowers emerge from a tall, upright stem. Female flowers are maroon in color. A perennial herb that has a slender and reddish upright stem that is branched at the top, reaching a height of 18 inches (0.5 meters). The arrow-shaped leaves are small, slightly


title: "Rumex acetosella" content: longer than 1 inch (3 cm), and smooth with a pair of horizontal lobes at the base. It blooms during March to November, when yellowish-green (male) or reddish (female) flowers develop on separate plants at the apex of the stem, which develop into the red fruits (achenes). The plant is native to Eurasia and the British Isles, but it has been introduced to most of the rest of the Northern Hemisphere. It is commonly found on acidic, sandy soils in heaths and grassland. It is often one of the first species to take hold in disturbed areas, such as abandoned


title: "Rumex acetosella" content: mining sites, especially if the soil is acidic. Livestock will graze on the plant, but it is not very nutritious and is toxic in large amounts because of oxalates. The American copper or small copper butterfly depends on it for food, although its larvae can consume some related plants. "Rumex acetosella" is widely considered to be a hard-to-control noxious weed due to its spreading rhizome. Blueberry farmers are familiar with the weed because it thrives in the same conditions under which blueberries are cultivated. There are several uses of sheep sorrel in the preparation of food including a garnish, a


title: "Rumex acetosella" content: tart flavoring agent, a salad green, and a curdling agent for milk in cheese-making. The leaves have a lemony, tangy or rhubarb-like tart flavor. It is also known as sheep shower in parts of the country. Rumex acetosella Rumex acetosella, commonly known as sheep's sorrel, red sorrel, sour weed and field sorrel, is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family Polygonaceae. The plant and its subspecies are common perennial weeds. It has green arrowhead-shaped leaves and red-tinted deeply ridged stems, and it sprouts from an aggressive and spreading rhizome. The flowers emerge from a tall, upright stem. Female


title: "Greg Leisz" content: a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album for his contributions to Ray LaMontagne's album "God Willin' & the Creek Don't Rise" (2010). With Ryan Adams With Beck With Jackson Browne With Peter Case With Eric Clapton With Joe Cocker With Holly Cole With Shawn Colvin With Sheryl Crow With Bill Frisell With Emmylou Harris With Missy Higgins With Miranda Lambert With k.d. lang With Amos Lee With Charles Lloyd With John Mayer With Joni Mitchell With The Murmurs With Randy Newman With Mark Olson With Sam Phillips With Bruce Springsteen With Matthew Sweet With various artists With Loudon Wainwright