title: "Aché" content: lived from hunting and gathering were often referred to as Caaygua or Caigua (Kaingang groups from the Southern Je language family). Descriptions of some Caaigua match fairly well with 20th-century descriptions of the Aché. For example, Techo (1897) describes them as hunter-gatherers who ate only palm pith and fruits, venison and roots, and fastened little stones to their lips, which made them look ferocious, and he states that they worshipped only thunder. This is congruous with the Aché, whose economy is indeed based on palm pith and meat, and whose spiritual beliefs place "Berendy" (associated with booming meteors) in a


title: "Michael Gerson" content: the White House Iraq Group, in an effort to sell the American public on the nuclear dangers posed by Saddam Hussein. According to "Newsweek" columnist Michael Isikoff, The original plan had been to place it in an upcoming presidential speech, but WHIG members fancied it so much that when the "Times" reporters contacted the White House to talk about their upcoming piece [about aluminum tubes], one of them leaked Gerson's phrase – and the administration would soon make maximum use of it. Gerson has said one of his favorite speeches was given at the National Cathedral on September 14, 2001,


title: "Progressivism in the United States" content: were, what was their motivation? Moralistic utopianism? Muddled relativistic pragmatism? Hegemonic capitalism? Not surprisingly many battered scholars began to shout 'no mas!' In 1970, Peter Filene declared that the term 'progressivism' had become meaningless. The Progressives typically concentrated on city and state government, looking for waste and better ways to provide services as the cities grew rapidly. These changes led to a more structured system, power that had been centralized within the legislature would now be more locally focused. The changes were made to the system to effectively make legal processes, market transactions, bureaucratic administration, and democracy easier to manage,


title: "Duncan Campbell (revivalist)" content: He was particularly equipped for this as a native Gaelic speaker. In 1925, Campbell resigned from the Faith Mission and married Shona Gray, whom he had long known. She had just returned for health reasons from two years service with Algiers Mission Band. He served as a missionary at the United Free Church at Ardvasar on Skye, but dissented from that church's union with the Church of Scotland with the result that he had to give up his post. Campbell's next post was ministering to a church at Balintore, Easter Ross which had also dissented from the union, building a


title: "Guide book" content: claimed to be imbued with magic that could dispel the magical barriers believed to be protecting the artifacts. Travel literature became popular during the Song Dynasty (960–1279) of medieval China. The genre was called 'travel record literature' (youji wenxue), and was often written in narrative, prose, essay and diary style. Travel literature authors such as Fan Chengda (1126–1193) and Xu Xiake (1587–1641) incorporated a wealth of geographical and topographical information into their writing, while the 'daytrip essay' "Record of Stone Bell Mountain" by the noted poet and statesman Su Shi (1037–1101) presented a philosophical and moral argument as its central


title: "Poison (Final Fight)" content: If it connects, a quick peep show of Poison in several erotic poses is displayed, and afterwards the opponent is shown stunned with hearts dancing over their head. Defeating an opponent with this attack results in Poison doing a pole dance for her win pose, with her whip serving as the pole. Though not playable in the beta test of "Capcom Fighting All Stars", promotional material released by Capcom for the title show that this move would have been retained for her gameplay. However, in "Ultra Street Fighter IV", her Poison Kiss follows up with several slaps and a groin


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: Ehrenbreitstein Fortress Ehrenbreitstein Fortress (, ) is a fortress in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the east bank of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle, overlooking the town of Koblenz. Occupying the position of an earlier fortress destroyed by the French in 1801, it was built as the backbone of the regional fortification system, "Festung Koblenz", by Prussia between 1817 and 1828 and guarded the middle Rhine region, an area that had been invaded by French troops repeatedly before. The Prussian fortress was never attacked. Since 2002, Ehrenbreitstein has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: Site Upper Middle Rhine Valley. Ehrenbreitstein is located on the eastern bank of the Rhine at Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It overlooks the confluence of the Mosel and the Rhine. The peak of the hill, which shares the name, is 118 metres above the Rhine. It is the northernmost point of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Upper Middle Rhine Valley. Ehrenbreitstein, the hill on which the eponymous fortress is now located, was first settled in the 4th millennium BC, fortifications were built in the 10th/9th century BC. In the 3rd to 5th centuries AD a Roman fortification was sited there.


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: More settlement followed in the 8th/9th centuries under the Carolingian dynasty. In about 1000 Ehrenbert erected a castle on the hill. Its initial name "Burg Ehrenbertstein" later became "Burg Ehrenbreitstein". The castle was first mentioned in an extant written document in 1139, as a property of the Archbishop of Trier. Archbishop Hillin expanded it in 1152-69. A supporting castle was built on the hill known as "Helfenstein" to the south ( "Burg Helferstein" ). During the 16th century, work began to turn the castle into a fortress that could withstand the new gunpowder weapons. One of the first cannon was


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: the 9 ton siege gun "" (Griffon). At the foot of the hill, protected by the fortress, Philipp Christoph von Sötern had the palace "Phillipsburg" constructed in 1625-29. The fortress was further improved by his successors Karl Kaspar von der Leyen and Johann Hugo von Orsbeck. In 1632, it was occupied by the French and in 1637 by Imperial troops during the Thirty Years' War. Ehrenbreitstein guarded the most valuable relic of the Trier See, the Holy Tunic, from 1657 to 1794. Successive Archbishops used the fortress' strategic importance to barter between contending powers; thus in 1672 at the outset


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: of war between France and Germany the Archbishop refused requests both from the envoys of Louis XIV and from Brandenburg's Ambassador, Christoph Caspar von Blumenthal, to permit the passage of troops across the Rhine. In 1688, the fortress successfully withstood a siege by King Louis XIV of France. Around 1730, Balthasar Neumann created the "Schönborn-Werke", a third ring of fortifications. However, in 1794, French revolutionary troops conquered Koblenz; in the following years they besieged Ehrenbreitstein three times without success. But a one-year siege, starting in 1798 during the War of the Second Coalition, brought starvation to the defenders of Ehrenbreitstein


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: who finally handed over the fortress to French troops in 1799. By the Treaty of Lunéville, the French were eventually forced to withdraw from the right bank of the Rhine. Hence, they blew up Ehrenbreitstein in 1801 to prevent the enemy from taking hold of a fully functional fortress just a few meters away from French territory on the left bank of the Rhine. From 1803 to 1815 the area was part of Nassau. According to the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Rhineland became a Prussian province. The fortification of the Koblenz area became a


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: Prussian military priority, because of its proximity to France and the fact that Koblenz was a bottleneck for all means of transportation (ships, railways, land transportation because of bridges). Hence, the Prussians built a system of fortification around Koblenz, the so-called "Festung Koblenz" ("Fortress Koblenz"), from 1815 until 1834. This referred to the strong ring of fortifications around Koblenz, of which the Festung Ehrenbreitstein was a part. Fortress Koblenz was said to have been the largest military fortress in Europe except for Gibraltar. Ehrenbreitstein could be defended by up to 1200 soldiers. Actual construction of the new fortress took from


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: 1817 to 1828, and it was ready for service by 1834. Subsequently expanded several times, by 1886 Koblenz was classified as a fortification "of lesser importance". After the Koblenz fortifications west of the Rhine were dismantled in 1890-1903, the fortress and some lesser structures on the east bank alone covered the Rhine crossing until 1918. During its years of active service, the fortress was never attacked. It escaped being dismantled after the end of World War I as a result of its perceived historical and artistic value. The American General Henry Tureman Allen, convinced of its historical value as a


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: premier 19th-century fortress, prevented its intended destruction in 1922. It was occupied after 1919 by the US Army as their headquarters during the Occupation of the Rhineland. In February 1923, Allen left the fortress, and the first U.S. occupation of European territory was over. After January 1923, Ehrenbreitstein was occupied by the French Army. During World War II, the fortress served as a place of safekeeping for archives and cultural objects (1943–56) but also harbored three flak guns (1943–45). After World War II, the fortress was used by the French Army, before it was handed over to the State of


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: Rhineland-Palatinate in 1947. In 1946-50 it served as a refugee camp and then as residential housing, during the period of housing shortages from the early 1950s into the 1960s. In 1952, a youth hostel was opened, followed by a museum in 1956. In 1972, the "Ehrenmal des Deutschen Heeres" (a memorial to the dead of the German army) was inaugurated. In 2011, Festung Ehrenbreitstein was part of the "Bundesgartenschau" (National Garden Show) in Koblenz, following a multi-year restoration in 2007-11. The fortress is open to visitors. It is connected to the town of Koblenz across the Rhine by a cable


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: car and by an inclined lift to the foot of the hill. Ehrenbreitstein houses several museums: "Haus der Fotografie" (photography), "Haus der Archäologie" (archaeology) and the "Landesmuseum Koblenz" (temporary exhibitions). There is also a "Haus des Genusses", celebrating regional wine making and offering a Baroque dining experience. Permanent exhibitions at several locations inside the fortress cover the 5000 years of history of Ehrenbreitstein. There are also gastronomic establishments. The Koblenz youth hostel, with 157 beds, still occupies part of Ehrenbreitstein. The fortress serves as a venue for various cultural activities, such as open-air concerts and plays. In 1822, the English


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: translation of the castle's name, "The Broad-Stone of Honour", was used as the title of Kenelm Henry Digby's exhaustive work on chivalry. "...this pulpit, I see, is a self-containing stronghold --a lofty Ehrenbreitstein..." (Herman Melville, "Moby-Dick") As the vine flourishes, and the grape empurples close up to the very walls and muzzles of cannoned Ehrenbreitstein; so do the sweetest joys of life grow in the very jaws of its perils. (Herman Melville, "") Here Ehrenbreitstein, with her shattered wall
 Black with the miner's blast, upon her height
 Yet shows of what she was, when shell and ball
 Rebounding idly on


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: her strength did light;
 A tower of victory! from whence the flight
 Of baffled foes was watch'd along the plain:
 But Peace destroy'd what War could never blight,
 And laid those proud roofs bare to Summer's rain--
 On which the iron shower for years had pour'd in vain.
 Byron in fact refers to the previous structure, destroyed by the French, since the new fortification was only constructed after he wrote these lines. In 1835, J. M. W. Turner completed a major painting inspired by Byron's work, entitled "View of Ehrenbreitstein, or The Bright Stone of Honour and the Tomb of


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: Marceau, from Byron's 'Childe Harold'." In April 2017, the painting was in a private collection and had an estimated value of £15m-£25m. Turner also painted a series of watercolors depicting views of the fortress and environs, some of which are held by the Tate Gallery in London. In 1897, a monument to Emperor Wilhelm I was erected right below the Festung, but on the west side of the Rhine, known as the "Deutsches Eck" (German Corner). Both fortress and monument were considered as symbols for the "Guard at the Rhine", as in the song "Die Wacht am Rhein". In 2002,


title: "Ehrenbreitstein Fortress" content: the Upper Middle Rhine Valley became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Site includes as its northernmost point the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein. Ehrenbreitstein Fortress Ehrenbreitstein Fortress (, ) is a fortress in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the east bank of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle, overlooking the town of Koblenz. Occupying the position of an earlier fortress destroyed by the French in 1801, it was built as the backbone of the regional fortification system, "Festung Koblenz", by Prussia between 1817 and 1828 and guarded the middle Rhine region, an area that had been invaded


title: "Madelung constant" content: a crystal structure as ions occupy different lattice sites. For example, for the ionic crystal NaCl, there arise two Madelung constants – one for Na and another for Cl. Since both ions, however, occupy lattice sites of the same symmetry they both are of the same magnitude and differ only by sign. The electrical charge of the Na and Cl ion are assumed to be onefold positive and negative, respectively, formula_8 and formula_9. The nearest neighbour distance amounts to half the lattice parameter of the cubic unit cell formula_10 and the Madelung constants become The prime indicates that the term


title: "New River Gorge National River" content: the gorge is a wealth of historically significant abandoned places, some in ruins and some stabilized and rehabilitated, where people worked and lived during the late 18th and 19th centuries, supplying the coal and lumber that helped fuel American industry. Remnants of the park's past, hidden in the forest, tell the stories of earlier life in the Appalachian Mountains. On display are the tangible remains of historic coal mining structures and coke ovens of unmatched integrity — such as at Nuttallburg Coal Mining Complex and Town Historic District and Kay Moor — and the historic structures and ruins associated with


title: "Percy Fender" content: in January 1932, a move rumoured in the press for some time and which was quickly leaked. The club released a statement which said Fender would only stand down if a suitable replacement could be found, before Jardine was officially appointed in March. It is likely that the uncertainty arose because Jardine took his time in accepting the position. Fender supported Jardine's appointment, and pledged to continue playing under his captaincy. Fender played less frequently in the following seasons, as his appearances were restricted by journalistic and business requirements. He scored over 400 runs in each season between 1932 and


title: "Homotopy category" content: version is more important, and so it is often called simply the "homotopy category". One first defines a weak homotopy equivalence: a continuous map is called a weak homotopy equivalence if it induces a bijection on sets of path components and a bijection on homotopy groups with arbitrary base points. Then the (true) homotopy category is defined by localizing the category of topological spaces with respect to the weak homotopy equivalences. That is, the objects are still the topological spaces, but an inverse morphism is added for each weak homotopy equivalence. This has the effect that a continuous map becomes


title: "Tom McMillen" content: entering politics, McMillen was a star basketball player on all levels. In 1970, he was the number one high school basketball player in the U.S. coming out of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, and was the biggest recruiting catch early in Coach Lefty Driesell's career at the University of Maryland, beating out rival Coach Dean Smith of the University of North Carolina for McMillen's services. McMillen was also a member of the 1972 U.S. Olympic Basketball Team that lost a controversial gold medal game to the Soviet Union. McMillen received his B.S. from University of Maryland in chemistry, which is part of the


title: "The Lost Symbol" content: and the Lost Word, lest Solomon be murdered. Langdon meets Trent Anderson, head of the Capitol police, and Inoue Sato, the head of the CIA's Office of Security. Sato claims that Mal'akh poses a threat to the national security of the U.S. and that his capture is more important than Peter's rescue, although she refuses to elaborate. Examining Solomon's hand, they discover a clue leading them to Solomon's Masonic altar in a room in the Capitol's sub-basement, where they find a small pyramid lacking a capstone, with an inscription carved into it. Sato then confronts Langdon with the security x-ray


title: "Ayyavazhi mythology" content: there with his progeny, who later emerged as a powerful people by learning the skills of ship-travel, trading in gold and silver, and diplomacy. This people, called Venneesa kulam, propagated a religion of their own, and through the lure of money gained many new members. Venneesan (the name comes from two words, "venmai" meaning "white," and "neesan," meaning "wicked person") introduced a new calendar. Kalineesan, coming to know about the valour and loyalty of the Santror people, appointed them as his bodyguards. It so happened that one day, while guarding the entrance of the king’s room, the body-guards happened to


title: "Ayyavazhi mythology" content: marry deities such as Pakavathi (Bhagavati), Valli, Theivanai, Mantaikattal, Lakshmi, Parvathi and Poomadanthai. He took on different forms and told the deities that they were to be united with him in order to destroy Kali Yukam and establish the Dharma Yukam. Then, compelling each deity to seduce a woman in the gathering, he married them in a grand manner. Vaikundar, having married these deities, continued his activities among his people. People flocked to him in large numbers. They were pleased to invite him to their houses. They took him in chariots, arranged grand feasts in his honour, and presented him


title: ThinBasic content: types definitions, immediately available for script without need for header file. The only thing needed is to explicitly mention the usage of module in the code – for file handling it would look like: ' This loads the module for use Uses "File" ' Function File_Load comes from the module, it returns the content of passed file in form of String String sBuffer = File_Load("C:\text.txt") To better structure the code, thinBASIC provides the functions and procedures functionality. There is one function with special treatment, called TBMAIN, which is guaranteed to be executed first. It represents the same function as main()


title: "Giant leopard moth" content: Giant leopard moth The giant leopard moth or eyed tiger moth ("Hypercompe scribonia") is a moth of the family Erebidae. They are distributed through North America from southern Ontario, and southern and eastern United States through New England, Mexico and down to Panama. The obsolete name "Ecpantheria scribonia" is still occasionally encountered. This species has a wingspan of . The wings of this moth are bright white with a pattern of neat black blotches, some solid and some hollow. The overside of the abdomen is dark blue with orange markings, while the underside is white with solid black spots, and


title: "Giant leopard moth" content: males have a narrow yellow line on the sides. Their legs have black and white bands. Adult moths are strictly nocturnal and do not generally fly before nightfall. This species has a notable sexual dimorphism in size, the adult male reaching about in length, while the adult female grows up to . During mating sessions, the wings of the male cover most of the female's abdomen, and this can sometimes lead up to loss of wing scales in the female, which can have negative effects on its flight efficiency. Their mating sessions are notably long-lasting, taking more than 24 hours.


title: "Giant leopard moth" content: They stay mostly immobile during the whole process but will move from spot to spot to thermoregulate, walking into shadowy areas if it is too hot or into sunlight if it is too cold. The male is the one that effectuates the locomotion, while the female folds her legs to be easier to carry. The caterpillar is of the "woolly bear" kind, with a thick coat of black bristles (setae) and red or orange bands between its segments, which become conspicuous when the caterpillar rolls into a ball for defense. Like the banded woolly bear, its hairs are not urticant


title: "Giant leopard moth" content: and do not typically cause irritation. The caterpillar eats a variety of broadleaf plants such as broadleaf plantains, dandelions and violets: Giant leopard moth The giant leopard moth or eyed tiger moth ("Hypercompe scribonia") is a moth of the family Erebidae. They are distributed through North America from southern Ontario, and southern and eastern United States through New England, Mexico and down to Panama. The obsolete name "Ecpantheria scribonia" is still occasionally encountered. This species has a wingspan of . The wings of this moth are bright white with a pattern of neat black blotches, some solid and some hollow.


title: "Child art" content: l’Enfant", Paris, 1913), Karl Bühler (1918 ff.), Florence Goodenough, Helga Eng, Robert Coles. According to D.D. Kelly, consequent domination of Piagetian theory of cognitive psychology largely marginalized the psychological studies of children's art, which were revitalized only towards the end of the 20th century. As the child develops, their art passes through a number of stages. 4 of them were for the first time defined by E. Cooke, under influence of Herbert Spencer's evolutionary theory. Presently, the stages are generally differentiated as follows: From about their first birthday children achieve the fine motor control to handle a crayon. At first


title: "John Patrick Gillese" content: Gedge. In addition to receiving the CAA Vicky Metcalfe Body of Work Award (1967), the Writers' Guild of Alberta Lifetime Achievement Award (1995), the City of Edmonton Outstanding Citizen Award, the Western Canadian Book Publishers' Association Award, and an Outstanding Albertans award, Gillese earned dozens of additional accolades, recognition and awards. Upon his death, the city of Edmonton named a park in his honour. John Patrick Gillese John Patrick Gillese (Ireland, March 7, 1920 – Edmonton, Canada, 23 October 1999) was an Irish-born Canadian author whose prolific career spanned six decades from the early 1940s to the late 1990s. During


title: "Slow Motion (Juvenile song)" content: not planned as a tribute, it came out as one of the more popular posthumous songs because of Soulja Slim's sudden death in November 2003, before the recording process was released (though the beat and lyrics had already been recorded by Soulja). The "slow motion" of the title is the movement of a woman's body, with the lyrics proclaiming: ""Uh, I like it like that / She working that back; I don't know how to act / Slow motion for me, slow motion for me / Slow motion for me; move it slow motion for me"". Washington D.C.-based international house


title: "USS Arethusa (AO-7)" content: She reached Philadelphia on the 18th and was decommissioned there on 1 February. Recommissioned on 22 August 1900, she sailed for the Far East—via the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean route—and arrived on the Asiatic Station early in December of that year. She furnished water and supplies to American warships and, in 1901, she carried relief supplies to Guam. During the first half of the following year, she made several trips to the Philippine Islands delivering passengers and supplies to Olongapo, Luzon. After one of these runs, she arrived at Manila on 4 July 1902 and prepared for the long voyage


title: "TFI Friday" content: June. It aired from the Cochrane Theatre in Holborn, "TFI Friday"s previous home at Riverside Studios having been demolished. On 23 June 2015, it was confirmed that Channel 4 had commissioned a new series, which started airing on 16 October 2015, with U2 opening and closing the show. On 7 July 2016, Channel 4 confirmed it had "no plans" to commission more episodes of "TFI Friday". Features on the show included: TFI Friday TFI Friday is an entertainment show that was broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. It was produced by Ginger Productions, written by Danny Baker and


title: "Teide Observatory" content: Teide Observatory Teide Observatory (), IAU code 954, is an astronomical observatory on Mount Teide at , located on Tenerife, Spain. It is operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias since its inauguration in 1964. It became one of the first major international observatories, attracting telescopes from different countries around the world because of the good astronomical seeing conditions. Later the emphasis for optical telescopes shifted more towards Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma. The observatory has a visitors' centre and a residencia (hostel) for astronomers. Brian May helped construct a building there to study interplanetary dust.


title: "Teide Observatory" content: The Minor Planet Center credits the discovery of several minor planets directly to the observatory. The position where the observatory is situated has a mediterranean climate (Köppen "Csb"), with average temperature features reminiscent of southern England. This renders in warm summers that averages around with light frosts being possible and sometimes happening in winter. Extremes are moderated by its marine features, which combined with the altitude keeps temperatures below even during heat waves, and in spite of the altitude the marine features are strong enough to prevent severe frosts. Sunshine levels, as typical of the nearby lowland arid climates, are


title: "Teide Observatory" content: high throughout the year. Many alpine areas at further distance from the equator are above the tree line at this elevation, but Teide is far above even any subarctic temperatures due to its position on the 28th parallel north. The useful observing time is given as 78% and the median FWHM seeing from DIMM measurements is given as 0.76" and 0.70" at two sites near the Carlos Sánchez Telescope. Teide Observatory Teide Observatory (), IAU code 954, is an astronomical observatory on Mount Teide at , located on Tenerife, Spain. It is operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias


title: "Bucay, Abra" content: he found a pretty young lass lying on the way which prompted him to extend assistance, and brought her home. After a period of time, he developed his love with the young lass and took her as his wife. In several occasions, the girl suddenly disappeared. At some instances, Bucay used to see her at the corner of his bamboo hut sitting alone with her bowed head which prompted him to approach and touch her, but always disappeared. Among the twenty-seven (27) towns of Abra, Bucay is the most centrally located, situated at . It is bounded on the north


title: "Dogo Argentino" content: of being a loyal pet and guard dog. Antonio Martinez picked the Cordoba Fighting Dog to be the base for the breed. This breed is extinct today, but it was said that as a large and ferocious dog, it was a great hunter. Martinez crossed it with the Great Dane, Boxer, Spanish Mastiff, Old English Bulldog, Bull Terrier, Pyrenean Mastiff, Pointer, Irish Wolfhound and Dogue de Bordeaux. Nores Martinez continued to develop the breed via selective breeding to introduce the desired traits. Dogos are big-game hunters and are also trained for search and rescue, police assistance, service dogs, guide for


title: "International Science Olympiad" content: own organising body, even though they are loosely grouped together as "ISOs". The aims of each ISO are to promote a career in science; to challenge the brightest students from around the world; and to compare the various teaching systems of each country. Although the competitions are aimed for secondary school pupils, the standards of the exams are extremely high. In fact, in several countries, achieving a high ranking in any ISO guarantees access to a university of choice and a fellowship. International Science Olympiad The International Science Olympiads are a group of worldwide annual competitions in various areas of


title: "Richard Kind" content: "Luck" until its cancellation, and he is also the spokesman for On-Cor frozen foods. He also guest starred in "Phineas and Ferb" in the episode "Perry the Actorpus" as the Totally Tools executive. In 2012, he was featured in "Divorce Invitation", and he played a small role in the film "Argo" as screenwriter Max Klein. In February 2013, he made a guest appearance on "Kroll Show". In 2015, he played the GED instructor on "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt". He is currently playing the mayor Aubrey James in "Gotham". Kind voiced Riley's imaginary friend Bing Bong in Pixar's "Inside Out". He provides


title: "Orchard MRT station" content: Orchard MRT station Orchard MRT station (NS22/TE14) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line, located on the boundary of Orchard and River Valley planning areas, Singapore. Being one of the three MRT stations that serve the popular shopping district along Orchard Road, Orchard station is one of the network's busiest stations. In 2021, Orchard station will become an interchange with the Thomson-East Coast Line which is currently under construction. Prior to the construction of Orchard MRT station, it was named Scotts from 1967 to 1982, and was renamed to Orchard Boulevard. The station was


title: "Least slack time scheduling" content: to embedded systems. This scheduling algorithm first selects those processes that have the smallest "slack time". Slack time is defined as the temporal difference between the deadline, the ready time and the run time. More formally, the "slack time" formula_1 for a process is defined as: formula_2 where formula_3 is the process deadline, formula_4 is the real time since the cycle start, and formula_5 is the remaining computation time. In realtime scheduling algorithms for periodic jobs, an acceptance test is needed before accepting a sporadic job with a hard deadline. One of the simplest acceptance tests for a sporadic job


title: "History of Texas" content: a centralist state provided an excuse for the Texan colonists to revolt. The vague unrest erupted into armed conflict on October 2, 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales, when Texans repelled a Mexican attempt to retake a small cannon. This launched the Texas Revolution, and over the next three months, the Texian Army successfully defeated all Mexican troops in the region. On March 2, 1836, Texans signed the Texas Declaration of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos, effectively creating the Republic of Texas. The revolt was justified as necessary to protect basic rights and because Mexico had annulled the federal pact. The majority


title: "Princess Fiona" content: tough talking and tough acting". Although she originally possesses traits associated with a traditional princess, being tall and slender, both Shrek and audiences soon agree that Fiona is different, and the princess is merely "following a script from a storybook" herself. Among her unusual characteristics, John Anderson of "Newsday" observed that Fiona is "perfectly capable of taking care of herself. She's just been waiting for some classic romance." Although in the context of the film Shrek initially observes Fiona's differences once she belches, "it rapidly also becomes apparent that she is indeed not a prototypical fairy-tale princess", according to author


title: "Child psychopathology" content: stress in the mother-child relationship at age 15. These increased levels of maternal stress and mother-child relationship stress at age 15 then predicted higher levels of maternal depression when the youth were 20 years old. Looking more closely at the data, the authors found that it was the chronic stress in the mother-child relationship and the child-related acute stressors that were the linchpins between child psychopathology and maternal depression. The stress is what fueled the fires between mother and child mental health. Going one step further, the researchers found that youth with a history of more than one diagnosis as


title: "Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland" content: Scott (died 19 September 2012), daughter of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 8th Duke of Buccleuch, on 12 June 1946. They had seven children: Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (6 April 1914 – 11 October 1988), was the son of Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland, and Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox. He succeeded to the dukedom of Northumberland in 1940, when his brother Henry, the 9th Duke, was killed in Belgium in World War II during the retreat to Dunkirk. He was commissioned into the Northumberland Hussars. In 1940, as a Lieutenant, he transferred


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: Saponaria officinalis Saponaria officinalis is a common perennial plant from the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). This plant has many common names, including common soapwort, bouncing-bet, crow soap, wild sweet William, and soapweed. There are about 20 species of soapworts altogether. The scientific name "Saponaria" is derived from the Latin (stem ) meaning "soap", which, like its common name, refers to its utility in cleaning. From this same Latin word is derived the name of the toxic substance saponin, contained in the roots at levels up to 20 percent when the plant is flowering (Indian soapnuts contain only 15 percent). It produces


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: a lather when in contact with water. The epithet "officinalis" indicates its medicinal functions. It is a common host plant for some adult moth species, including the white-lined sphinx. "Saponaria officinalis" native range extends throughout Europe, and in Asia to western Siberia. It grows in cool places at low or moderate elevations under hedgerows and along the shoulders of roadways. It can be found in much of North America. The plants possesses leafy, unbranched stems (often tinged with red). It grows in patches, attaining a height of . The broad, lanceolate, sessile leaves are opposite and between 4 and 12


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: cm long. Its sweetly scented flowers are radially symmetrical and pink, or sometimes white. Each of the five flat petals have two small scales in the throat of the corolla. They are about wide. They are arranged in dense, terminal clusters on the main stem and its branches. The long tubular calyx has five pointed red teeth. The individual flowers open in the evening, and stay open for about three days. They produce a stronger scent at night and supplement nectar production during the night. The flowers are protandrous: on the second night of blooming, the pollen is released, and


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: the stigma develops to its final position by the third night. Much of the seed production comes from self-pollination. The flowers are visited by various insects including Noctuidae, Sphingidae, bumblebees, and hoverflies. In the northern hemisphere "Saponaria officinalis" blooms from May to September, and in the southern hemisphere October to March. As its common name implies, it can be used as a very gentle soap, usually in dilute solution. It has historically been used to clean delicate or unique textiles; it has been hypothesized that the plant was used to treat the Shroud of Turin. A lathery liquid that has


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: the ability to dissolve fats or grease can be procured by boiling the leaves or roots in water. Take a large handful of leaves, bruise and chop them and boil for 30 minutes in of water; strain off the liquid and use this as you would washing-up liquid. In the Romanian village of Șieu-Odorhei, natives call the plant . It is traditionally used by the villagers as a soap replacement for dry skin. An overdose can cause nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting. Despite its toxic potential, "Saponaria officinalis" finds culinary use as an emulsifier in the commercial preparation of tahini, halva


title: "Saponaria officinalis" content: and in brewing to create beer with a good "head". In India, the rhizome is used as a galactagogue. In the Middle East, the root is often used as an additive in the process of making the popular sweet, halvah. The plant is called () in Arabic, in Turkish, and is utilized to stabilize the oils in the mixture or to create a distinctive texture of halvah. "S. officinalis" contains the flavone saponarin. Saponaria officinalis Saponaria officinalis is a common perennial plant from the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). This plant has many common names, including common soapwort, bouncing-bet, crow soap, wild


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: Wisteria frutescens Wisteria frutescens, commonly known as American wisteria, is a woody, deciduous, perennial climbing vine, one of various wisterias of the family Fabaceae. It is native to the wet forests and stream banks of the southeastern United States, with a range stretching from the states of Virginia to Texas (Northeast Texas Piney Woods) and extending southeast through Florida, also north to Iowa, Michigan, and New York. Carl Linnaeus described "Wisteria frutescens". Kentucky wisteria, "Wisteria frutescens" var. "macrostachya" is a distinctive variety found in the southeastern United States, including its namesake state of Kentucky. It has been classified as a


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: separate species. American wisteria can grow up to 15 m long over many supports via powerful clockwise-twining stems. It produces dense clusters of blue-purple, two-lipped, 2-cm-wide flowers on racemes 5–15 cm long in late spring to early summer. These are the smallest racemes produced by any "Wisteria". Though it has never been favored in many gardens for this characteristic, many bonsai artists employ American wisteria for its manageably-sized flowers, and it is charming as a woodland flowering vine. The foliage consists of shiny, dark-green, pinnately compound leaves 10–30 cm in length. The leaves bear 9-15 oblong leaflets that are each


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: 2–6 cm long. It also bears numerous poisonous, bean-like seed pods 5–10 cm long that mature in summer and persist until winter; the pods are fuzzy and greenish-tan when young, but shiny brown and smooth when dry. The seeds are large and brown (see image). American wisteria prefers moist soils. It is considered shade tolerant, but will flower only when exposed to partial or full sun. It grows best in USDA plant hardiness zones 5-9. Kentucky wisteria bears unscented bluish-purple flowers in racemes 15–30 cm long, a generally average length for the "Wisteria" family. Several characteristics distinguish American wisteria from


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: its Asian counterparts. It grows only two-thirds as tall, its racemes are half as long (the shortest of the wisteria family), and its bloom time is sometimes shorter than many Asian varieties. Its flowers are not scented, and its seed pods are smooth rather than velvety when mature. Its most redeeming feature is the fact that it is much less invasive than its Asian counterparts, especially the beautiful but ruthless Chinese wisteria ("Wisteria sinensis"). American wisteria is very similar to Kentucky wisteria ("Wisteria macrostachya") which has been considered a variety of "W. frutescens" but grows somewhat differently and has a


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: fragrance. The butterflies long-tailed skipper, silver-spotted skipper, marine blue, zarucco duskywing and the moth "Cuphodes wisteriae" use "Wisteria frutescens" as a larval host. "Wisteria frutescens", in general, is subject to few pests or diseases. It is, however, subject to damage by typical pests like aphids, leaf miners, Japanese beetles, scale insects, and mealybugs. Pests of particular concern are longhorn beetles, such as "Synaphaeta guexi", and the Asian long-horned beetle. These beetles will bore into the woody stems of young or unhealthy wisteria, causing disruption of water and nutrient flow. This also allows for the potential to introduce disease, like rot,


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: and both of these have the potential to cause death of the plant. "Aplosporella wistariae" , previously known as "Haplosporella wistariae" , has been found on some cultivars of wisteria in Louisville, Kansas. Its stromata are elliptical or orbicular, are 1–2 mm in diameter, and are sunk into the bark, which causes raised pustules, some of which are ruptured. Its perithecia are 120-150 µm and are white inside; sporules are oblong, measuring 12-16 by 6-7 µm. Partly dead leaves of "Wisteria frutescens" have been found to host "Phomatospora wistariae" This fungus is perithecial, meaning its fruiting body is flask-shaped with


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: an ostiole through which its ascospores are released. It is mostly ephiphytic, and it grows in relatively flat gray spots that are approximately 2–4 mm. in diameter. These spots are bounded by narrow dark lines; however, they frequently run together. "Phomatospora wistariae" is hyaline in appearance and resembles a membrane, it is sessile, it does not have paraphyses, its asci are oblong, and its sporidia are biseriate and have an oblong-elliptical shape. Its perithecia mesaure to about 110-120 µm, its asci 35-45 by 10-12 µm, and its sporidia 12 by 6 µm. "Rhizobium radiobacter", previously known as "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" and


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: commonly as crown gall, is a soil-borne bacterium that occasionally infects wisteria, causing abnormal growths or swellings on the roots or stems. It infects the plant through its Ti plasmid, and then "A. tumefaciens" integrates a part of its DNA into the chromosome of the host plant's cells. The K-48 strain of the bacterium can be effectively used to prevent infection by the pathogenic strain of Crown Gall. Root-knot nematodes are parasites known to affect most species of plants, wisteria not being an exception, but wisteria is susceptible to Texas root rot caused by the fungus "Phymatotrichum omnivorum". Texas root


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: rot damages the roots and prevents their absorption of water, resulting in wilting then death. "Pantoea agglomerans" has been shown to induce galls on "Wisteria". "Wisteria brachybotrys", "Wisteria floribunda", "Wisteria sinensis" and "Wisteria venusta", have been shown to carry "Erysiphe cichoracearum," "Botryosphaeria," and "Phomopsis" canker and die-back pathogens, "Phyllosticta wisteriae", and "Septoria wisteriae". Wisteria vein mosaic virus (a variant of the tobacco mosaic virus) and subterranean clover stunt virus are the only two known viruses to infect genus "Wisteria", and the potential for "Wisteria frutescens" to contract any of the previously mentioned diseases is indeterminate. All species of "Wisteria" contain


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: a saponin known as Wisterin, sometimes called Wistarin, in the bark, branches, pods, roots, and seeds. There is debate over whether the flowers are toxic. An unknown and toxic resin is present as well. Poisoning from the plant can occur from ingestion of 1 to 2 seed pods and results in mild to severe gastroenteritis, nausea, frequent vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. This can result in dehydration and collapse in serious cases; recovery generally occurs within 24 hours. The concentration of toxins varies in all segments of the plant and varies during different seasons. Wisterin's structure has been shown to


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: be similar in structure and in effects to the alkaloid cytisine, but less potent. It has a bittersweet taste. As with the cytisine containing "Laburnum", its leaves are sometimes taken as a tobacco substitute. Canavanine is a common α-amino-acid constituent found in the seeds of all species of "Wisteria". It serves as a defense compound against herbivores and provides a vital source of nitrogen for the growing plant embryo. The toxicity of canavanine is due to its extreme structural similarity to L-arginine, which may result in an organism's incorporation of it into proteins in place of L-arginine. This causes aberrant


title: "Wisteria frutescens" content: proteins that may not function properly. Wisteria frutescens Wisteria frutescens, commonly known as American wisteria, is a woody, deciduous, perennial climbing vine, one of various wisterias of the family Fabaceae. It is native to the wet forests and stream banks of the southeastern United States, with a range stretching from the states of Virginia to Texas (Northeast Texas Piney Woods) and extending southeast through Florida, also north to Iowa, Michigan, and New York. Carl Linnaeus described "Wisteria frutescens". Kentucky wisteria, "Wisteria frutescens" var. "macrostachya" is a distinctive variety found in the southeastern United States, including its namesake state of Kentucky.


title: "Field & Stream" content: on staff, as editor. "Field & Stream" was one of 18 magazines sold to Bonnier Group in February 2007. That year, after a five year tenure that saw an editorial revival of the publication, Evans left to helm "Garden & Gun" magazine, in Charleston, S.C., along with then editor of "Saltwater Sportsman" and former F&S features editor David DiBenedetto. Anthony Licata was then appointed editor, and under Licata the magazine won two coveted National Magazine Awards for General Excellence, in 2009 and 2014. The magazine's current contributors include C. J. Chivers, Jonathan Miles, Bill Heavey, T. Edward Nickens, Phil Bourjaily,


title: "Édouard Maunick" content: Édouard Maunick Édouard Joseph Marc Maunick (born September 23, 1931, Mauritius) is a Mauritian, African poet, critic, and translator. Maunick is a métis or mulatto, and as such was the subject of discrimination from both blacks and whites. He worked briefly as a librarian in Port-Louis before going to Paris in 1960, where he wrote, lectured, and directed for Coopération Radiophonique. He was also a frequent contributor to "Présence Africaine" and other journals. Maunick's work was based not in the more traditional search for roots to establish an individual identity. Instead, he lamented his own isolation and the persecution of


title: "Mason jar" content: Mason jar A Mason jar, named after John Landis Mason who first invented and patented it in 1858, is a molded glass jar used in home canning to preserve food. The jar's mouth has a screw thread on its outer perimeter to accept a metal ring (or "band"). The band, when screwed down, presses a separate stamped tin-plated steel disc-shaped lid against the jar's rim. An integral rubber ring on the underside of the lid creates a hermetic seal. The bands and lids usually come with new jars, but they are also sold separately. While the bands are reusable, the


title: "Mason jar" content: lids are intended for single use when canning. Largely supplanted by other products and methods for commercial canning, such as tin cans and plastic containers, glass jars and metal lids are still commonly used in home canning. Mason jars are also called Ball jars, in reference to the Ball Corporation, an early and prolific manufacturer of glass canning jars; fruit jars for a common content; and glass canning jars a generic term reflecting their material and purpose. Lightning fruit jars, another type of Mason jar, were not as common as the screw-thread version, but they were popular for home canning


title: "Mason jar" content: in the late nineteenth (19th) and early twentieth (20th) centuries. In the United States, standard-size Mason jars are made of soda-lime glass and come in two sizes: regular mouth, inner and outer diameter, and wide mouth, inner and outer diameter, versions. They are also produced in a variety of volumes, including cup (half-pint), pint, quart, and half-gallon. Among the most common U.S. brands of Mason jars are Ball, Kerr, and Golden Harvest. Jarden Corporation, based in Boca Raton, Florida, retains the license to use the Ball and Kerr registered trademarks on home-canning products as a part of its branded consumables


title: "Mason jar" content: business. At one time, Jarden also may have had a license to use the Golden Harvest brand; however, Jarden’s website did not list Golden Harvest as one of its brands as of March 2016. In Canada, Bernardin, which is another division of Jarden, is the most common brand; Golden Harvest is also available. Jarden offers its Canadian jars in metric volumes of 125ml, 250ml, 500ml and 1 litre. In home canning, food is packed into the mason jar, leaving some empty "head space" between the level of food and the top of the jar. The lid is placed on top


title: "Mason jar" content: of the jar with the integral rubber seal resting on the rim. A band is screwed loosely over the lid, allowing air and steam to escape. The jar is heat sterilized in boiling water or steam and the lid is secured. The jar is then allowed to cool to room temperature. The cooling of the contents creates a vacuum in the head space, pulling the lid into tight contact with the jar rim to create a hermetic seal. Once cooled, the band is removed to prevent residual water between the jar threads and the lid from rusting the band. If


title: "Mason jar" content: the jar seal is properly formed, internal vacuum will keep the lid tightly on the jar. Most metal lids used today are slightly domed to serve as a seal status indicator. The vacuum in a properly sealed mason jar pulls the lid down to create a concave-shaped dome. An improper or failed seal or microbial growth will cause the dome to pop upward. French chef Nicolas Appert invented the method of preserving food by enclosing it in sealed containers. Among the earliest glass jars used for home canning were wax sealers, named in reference to the sealing wax that was


title: "Mason jar" content: poured into a channel around the lip to secure a tin lid. This process, which was complicated and error-prone, became popular in the late 1830s or early 1840s and was commonly used to seal fruit jars from the early 1850s until about 1890. The wax sealing process was largely the only one available until other sealing methods were developed, and widely used into the early 1900s. By far the most popular and longest used form of closure for the glass canning jar was a zinc screw-on cap, the precursor to today's screw-on lids. It usually had a milk-glass liner, but


title: "Mason jar" content: some of the earliest lids may have had transparent glass liners. In 1858, a Vineland tinsmith named John Landis Mason (1832–1902) invented and patented a screw finish glass jar or bottle that became known as the Mason jar (U.S. Patent No. 22,186.) From 1857, when it was first patented, to the present, Mason jars had hundreds of variations in shape and cap design. After it was discovered that Mason's patent had expired, many other manufacturers produced glass jars for home canning using the Mason-style jar. "Patent Nov 30th 1858," signifying the date of Mason's patent, was embossed on thousands of


title: "Mason jar" content: jars, which were made in many shapes, sizes, and colors well into the 1900s. Since they were made in such quantity and used for such long periods, many of them have survived to the present day. Between 1860 and 1900, many other patents were issued for Mason jar improvements and closures. The more esoteric closures were quickly abandoned, and thus can fetch high prices in today's antique market. Mason applied for and received a United States trademark, which was registered on May 23, 1871, as U.S. Trademark no. 276. Letters of patent issued to Mason on May 10, 1870, for


title: "Mason jar" content: improvements to his fruit-canning jar was determined to be invalid as a result of a patent infringement case brought before the Southern District of New York on June 11, 1874. The court acknowledged that Mason had invented the jar in 1859, but he did not apply for a patent for an improved version of the fruit jar until 1868. In the meantime, several others had patented designs and Mason had known these jars were being produced and sold. The court ruled that Mason's delay in protecting his patent indicated he had abandoned his invention in the intervening years between 1859


title: "Mason jar" content: and 1868 and had forfeited his patent. The court's decision allowed other manufacturers to patent, produce, and sell glass jars for canning. One of the more popular styles of closures for the Mason jar was the wire bail. The closure consists of a metal wire arrangement with a lever that applies leverage to a glass lid when pivoted downward against the side of the jar, clamping it down over a separate rubber O ring. The bail-style jars are still widely used in Western Europe, particularly France and Italy, where the two largest manufacturers (France's Le Parfait and Italy's Bormioli Rocco)


title: "Mason jar" content: produce the Le Parfait and Fido brands, respectively. While bail-type jars are widely available in the United States, they are generally marketed there exclusively for dry storage and only rarely used for home canning. On January 5, 1875, Charles de Quillfeldt of New York City invented a wire-bail closure known as the Lightning closure. Within a short time he sold the patent rights to several individuals, including Henry Putnam and Karl Hutter. The stopper or lid was typically made from metal, porcelain, or ceramic, while a rubber gasket was used to seal the container. Putnam modified de Quillfeldt's design so


title: "Mason jar" content: that the lid was secured by centering the wire bail between two raised dots or in a groove along the lid's center. Putnam's closure was patented 1882 (U.S. Patent #256,857). De Quillfeldt used the term "Lightning" to refer to the sealing method, but the closure's popular use on fruit jars led to the name, Lightning fruit jar. The sealing surface on the jar was a "shelf" that supported the lower edge of the lid. A rubber gasket between the shelf and the bottom surface of the lid formed a secure seal when the wire closure was tightened. Although Lightning jars


title: "Mason jar" content: were popular for home canning use from the early 1880s to the early 1900s, they were not as common as screw-thread Mason jars. The first U.S.-made brand of jars to use this type of closure was embossed with "Lightning" on the side. A new type of Mason jar known as a "bead" jar was introduced around 1910 to 1915. These continuous screw-thread jars were designed with a bead between the screw threads and the shoulder as a sealing surface. The Ball Perfect Mason jar, one of the most common jars of this style, was introduced around 1913 and produced until


title: "Mason jar" content: the mid-twentieth century. It had several variations, including a square-shaped jar. During the twentieth century, bead jars were sealed with two-piece metal lids. The jar lid had a rubber or rubber-like sealing surface and was held in place by a separate metal band. This type of jar and closure, which first became popular in the late 1910s and 1920s, is still in use. The decline in Mason jar manufacturing in North America is due to several factors: the lack of U.S.-based manufacturers of bail-closure jars since the early 1960s, a sharp decline in popularity of home canning in the 1950s


title: "Mason jar" content: and 1960s, consolidation of the U.S. canning jar industry, and the resulting higher cost of imported European-made jars. The Ball Corporation, which once dominated the market as the largest domestic manufacturer of home-canning jars, spun off its home-canning business in 1993. Older styles of home canning jars are "Not Recommended" by the U.S.-based National Center for Home Food Preservation, the United States Department of Agriculture, and University Extension Services. These include: (A) those using a zinc cap and a rubber jar ring, and (B) those using a glass lid, wire bail, and rubber sealing ring. These provide "no definitive way


title: "Mason jar" content: to determine if a vacuum seal is formed." On August 15, 2017, the Registrar at National Day Calendar proclaimed National Mason Jar Day to be observed annually as a National Holiday on November 30th, beginning in 2017. This holiday was created by Unboxing the Bizarre. Antique canning jars are often sold through antique stores and auction sites such as eBay. The value of a jar is related to its age, rarity, color, and condition. A jar's age and rarity can be determined by the color, shape, mold and production marks of the glass, and the jar's closure. Mason jars usually


title: "Mason jar" content: have a proprietary brand embossed on the jar. Early jars embossed with "Mason's Patent November 28th 1858" that date from the late 1850s to early 1860s closely match the illustrations of Mason's 1858 patents. Mouth-blown (or hand-blown) jars embossed with a version of "Mason's Patent November 28th 1858" were made about 1857 to 1908 and often had a ground lip as well. By 1908 semi-automatic machines manufactured the majority of these jars. Machine-made Mason jars that originated around 1909 have a sealing surface on a bead ledge below the threads. This type of jar dominated the market by the mid


title: "Mason jar" content: to late 1910s. Manufacturers continued to make jars with the beaded seal after the mid-twentieth century. Ball's "Ideal" canning jar, which first appeared around 1915 and was discontinued in 1962, is one of the company's best-known jars and is popular among collectors. Colored jars were considered better for canning because the color blocked some light from reaching the food, which helps to retain flavor and nutritional value longer. Most antique jars that are not colorless are aqua or "Ball blue," a blue-green shade that was named for the Ball Corporation, a prevalent jar manufacturer. Most mouth-blown Mason jars embossed with


title: "Mason jar" content: some type of 1858 patent date were produced in aqua glass. The Ball brand of Mason jars were manufactured in several colors, but the most common color was the distinctive "Ball blue," which the Ball Corporation used in its jars from about 1910 to 1930. Mason jars with this particular color of glass may be attributed to Ball, since "virtually no other bottle or jar was made in that color." More rarely, jars will turn up in amber, and occasionally in darker shades of green. Rarer still are cobalt blue, black, and milk-glass jars. Some unscrupulous dealers will irradiate jars


title: "Mason jar" content: to bring out colors not original to the jar. It appears that the development was : Mason jar A Mason jar, named after John Landis Mason who first invented and patented it in 1858, is a molded glass jar used in home canning to preserve food. The jar's mouth has a screw thread on its outer perimeter to accept a metal ring (or "band"). The band, when screwed down, presses a separate stamped tin-plated steel disc-shaped lid against the jar's rim. An integral rubber ring on the underside of the lid creates a hermetic seal. The bands and lids usually


title: "Jamal Crawford" content: attended the University of Michigan, where he was given a six-game suspension by the NCAA for violating rules on amateurism and extra benefits received from Seattle businessman Barry Henthorn. Crawford served his suspension and ended up averaging 16.6 points, 2.8 rebounds, 4.5 assists and 1.1 steals as a starter for the Wolverines. He was then declared eligible for the 2000 NBA draft. Crawford was drafted in 2000 as a freshman by the Cleveland Cavaliers but was traded on draft day to the Chicago Bulls for their pick, Chris Mihm. In his rookie year Crawford started in 8 of the Bulls'


title: "Free Tibet" content: Free Tibet organised a UK tour for Palden Gyatso, a Tibetan monk who was arrested during the Chinese invasion of Tibet. Gyatso spent 33 years in Chinese prisons and labor camps enduring systematic torture after being arrested for calling for Tibet's freedom. Gyatso was released in 1992 and escaped to India, he has since toured the world spreading awareness about human rights violations in Tibet. During the 2004 tour he spoke at numerous conventions, and events. In February 2015 Free Tibet joined with their research partner, Tibet Watch, to write a report on Chinese torture in Tibet. The report, "Torture


title: "M. A. G. Osmani" content: Mukhti Bahini after 17 April 1971. Since the Bengali forces were geographically isolated and lacked command staffs and a communications network, real-time command of the formations was impossible. Osmani allowed the sector commanders to fight as they saw fit, while he toured the sectors and met with Indian officials in New Delhi and Kolkata concerning weapons and communications. Although India was unable to offer material aid, it helped design Mukhti Bahini structure and expressed the possibility of future Indian intervention. The Bengalis put up an unexpectedly stiff resistance, derailing the initial Pakistani estimate of pacifying East Pakistan by 10 April.


title: "M. A. G. Osmani" content: stronger than Pakistan's, and could have blockaded Bangladesh. Pakistani forces, flying in reinforcements from West Pakistan from 26 March to 2 May, depended on supply depots in Dhaka, Chittagong and Narayanganj for fuel and ammunition. Several questions existed: the Indian army's adequacy and suitability, logistics, the possibility of a war lasting into monsoon season and India's international appearance as an aggressor. Although some of the Bengali leadership and Indian officers expected prompt Indian military intervention, Sam Manekshaw explained to the Indian cabinet that the army's Eastern Command would not be ready until 15 November at the earliest. The Indian government


title: "William Thoms" content: Librarian, to the House of Lords. He was the founder in 1849 of "Notes and Queries", which for some years he also edited. Thoms is credited with inventing the word 'folklore' in an 1846 letter to the "Athenaeum". He invented this compound word to replace the various other terms used at the time, including "popular antiquities" or "popular literature". He was fond of the works of Jacob Grimm, which he considered remarkable. His first book, "Early Prose Romances" (3 vol. 1827-1828), was published with encouragement from Francis Douce, and gave versions of English tales such as "Robert the Devyl, Thomas


title: "Offer and acceptance" content: have accepted the other's standard terms, as they remained in unresolved dispute. The court held that neither party's terms applied and therefore the contract was governed by the implied terms of the UK Sale of Goods Act 1979. As a rule of convenience, if the offer is accepted by post, the contract comes into existence at the moment that the acceptance was posted. This rule only applies when, impliedly or explicitly, the parties have post in contemplation as a means of acceptance. It excludes contracts involving land, letters incorrectly addressed and instantaneous modes of communication. The relevance of this early


title: "A Blaze in the Northern Sky" content: that many of the songs have "death metal guitar riffs" played in a "black metal style". Due to Darkthrone's sudden change from death metal to black metal, Peaceville was unwilling to release the album as it was. The shocked record label had expected that the band would continue recording death metal in the vein of "Soulside Journey". Peaceville agreed to release the album only if they were able to remix it, stating that the sound was "too weak". The band then threatened to release it through Deathlike Silence Productions, the record label owned by Øystein "Euronymous" Aarseth of Mayhem (Who


title: "Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology" content: of Electronics and Communication Engineering. 'POTENZIA' is the annual technical fest of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 'TECHNOVATION' is the annual technical fest of Department of Mechanical Engineering (Mechatronics). 'YUKTI' is the annual technical fest of Department of Information Technology. 'METALLON' is the annual technical fest of Department of Metallurgy and Materials Technology. 'CINFRA' is the annual technical fest of Department of Civil Engineering. Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology (or MGIT) is a technological institution located in Gandipet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It was started in 1997 by the Chaitanya Bharathi Educational Society (CBES), Hyderabad,


title: "Oscar Mathisen" content: of the season. An overview of medals won by Mathisen at important championships he participated in, listing the years in which he won each: Over the course of his career, Mathisen skated 14 world records: To put these personal records in perspective, the "Notes" column lists the official world records on the dates that Mathisen skated his personal records. Note that Mathisen's personal records on the 500 m and the 1,000 m were not recognised as world records by the International Skating Union (ISU) because Mathisen was a professional skater when he set those. Apart from on the 3,000 m,


title: "Tenth Avenue Gang" content: Tenth Avenue Gang The Tenth Avenue Gang was a New York City street gang and later became the city's first train robbers. Formed by Ike Marsh in 1860, the gang consisted of a small number of various burglars and other criminals. In response to the first train robbery by the outlaw Reno Gang in 1866, the Tenth Avenue Gang became the first street gang to commit a train robbery in Manhattan in 1868 when Marsh and several members boarded a Hudson River Co. train at Spuyten Duyvil in Upper Manhattan and, making their way into the mail car, held the


title: "Wildlife of Costa Rica" content: Costa Rica include the ten species of "Bufo" toads and the giant toad, a huge toad known for its wide appetite. It has been documented eating almost anything, including vegetables, ants, spiders, any toad smaller than itself, mice, and other small mammals. Besides the frog species, approximately 40 species of lungless salamander and two species of caecilian are found in the country, both rarely seen and little known. Costa Rican amphibians range in size from the rainforest rocket frog, at 1.5 cm (0.5 in), to the giant toad, at up to 15 cm (6 in) and 2 kg (4.4 lb).


title: "David Axelrod (political consultant)" content: have little understanding for the caucuses and how important they would become." In the 2008 primary season, Obama won a majority of the states that use the caucus format. Axelrod is credited with implementing a strategy that encourages the participation of people, a lesson drawn partly from Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign as well as a personal goal of Barack Obama. Axelrod explained to "Rolling Stone", "When we started this race, Barack told us that he wanted the campaign to be a vehicle for involving people and giving them a stake in the kind of organizing he believed in. According


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: Anacamptis morio Anacamptis morio, the green-winged orchid or green-veined orchid (synonym "Orchis morio"), is a flowering plant of the orchid family, Orchidaceae. The green-winged orchid (Anacamptis morio) is an orchid species with usually purple flowers found in Europe and the Middle East. It flowers from late April to June in the British Isles, and as early as February in other countries, such as France. The inflorescence is of various colours, mainly purple but ranging from white, through pink, to deep purple. From 5 to 25 helmet-shaped flowers grow in a loose, linear bunch at the top of the single stalk.


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: A pair of lateral sepals with prominent green, occasionally purple veins extend laterally like "wings", giving the orchid its name. The broad, three lobed, lower petal is pale in the center with dark spots. Leaves are lanceolate, or sometimes ovate, and grow in a rosette around the base of the plan, with some thinner leaves clasping the stem and sheathing almost up to the flowers. Leaves are green and unspotted. Plants grow to 40 cm in height. It is similar in appearance to the early purple orchid "Orchis mascula", which flowers around the same time of year, but "Anacamptis morio"


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: has green stripes on the two lateral sepals, and lacks the spots or blotches of the Early Purple's leaves. Individual plants may flower for up to 17 years. It is a native of western Eurasia, ranging from Europe to Iran. In the British Isles it is found in central-southern England, Wales and Ireland. It grows in unimproved grassy meadows, especially on limestone-rich soil. This species thrives where grass is cut once or twice a year after flowering is complete, or where it is grazed after flowering is complete. Cutting or mowing should not take place immediately after flowering but give


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: time for seed dispersal. It can grow in dry or wet grazed meadows. It can also be found in coastal grasslands, quarries, churchyards, as well as on roadsides and lawns. On the European continent it is also found in alpine pasture and in xerothermic grassland on porphyry outcrops. The maximum altitude for this species is somewhere between 1500 and 2000m. Pollination is by bees. The flowers do not produce nectar, but can attract pollinators with their visual appearance. This nectar deception "facilitates the mixing of pollen between different individual plants, promotes genetic diversity in the species, and has been favored


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: evolutionarily over nectar production." Plants cannot establish without a mycorrhizal partner. This makes them vulnerable to chemicals, particularly fungicides, but also other chemical applications which could reduce the prevalence of particular species of fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi known to grow in association with the green-winged orchid include "Epulhoriza repens" and "Moniliopsis solani". Anacamptis comes from the Greek ανακάμτειν "anakamptein" which according to different sources may mean to bend backward or to bend forward. The name "morio" is derived from the Greek word "moros" meaning "fool". This refers to the colourful, green striped flowers, after which its common name also derives. This


title: "Anacamptis morio" content: species conservation status is vulnerable and near threatened It is a protected species in Northern Ireland under the Wildlife (NI) Order of 1985. In 2001 "Anacamptis morio" was adopted as the logo for Priory Vale, the third and final instalment in Swindon's 'Northern Expansion' project. Due to a rapid decline in the species they are protected in certain cases, although still regarded as being quite common in the Swindon area, especially Clifford Meadow, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) off Thamesdown Drive, Swindon. , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepts six subspecies: Anacamptis morio Anacamptis morio, the


title: DAHER-SOCATA content: acquisition of a majority 70% stake in SOCATA. Daher acquired the remaining 30% of SOCATA from Airbus Group (formerly EADS) in June 2014. DAHER-SOCATA DAHER-SOCATA (formerly SOCATA and EADS Socata) is a producer of general aviation aircraft propelled by piston engines and turboprops, including business planes, small personal or training aircraft, as well as the production of aircraft structures for other manufacturers such as Airbus, Dassault, Embraer, Eurocopter and Lockheed Martin. The company headquarters is currently located in Tarbes, France. In March 2015 the company name was again changed to just "Daher" as part of a rebranding to align the


title: "The Red House (film)" content: Teller fires at her. Although he meant only to scare her, he hits and severely wounds her. Meg, having heard the gunshot, finds Ellen then rushes back to tell Pete, who refuses to act to help his sister. Meg phones Nath for help and he says he will bring a stretcher after he calls the sheriff and the doctor. Pete fails to dissuade Meg from returning to the woods. By the time Nath arrives, Ellen is dead. In the meantime, Teller goes to Tibby's home and persuades her to leave town with him. They are pulled over and arrested by


title: Monivea content: Monivea Monivea ( is a village in County Galway, Ireland. It was formerly part of the kingdom of the Soghain of Connacht. It is located approximately 30 km from Galway City and 9 km from Athenry. Monivea is known for its sizable forest, Monivea Castle which now lies in partial ruins, and a well-preserved mausoleum. Mausoleum and castle were built by the Ffrench (or ffrench) family, one of the "Tribes of Galway" and landholders since early Norman times, who remained Catholic. The Ffrench family were also responsible for the distinctive layout of the greens in the centre of the village,


title: "Biological soil crust" content: 12 °C (22 °F) warmer than adjacent surfaces. Increased soil temperatures are associated with increased metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, as well as higher soil water evaporation rates and delayed seedling germination and establishment. The activity levels of many arthropods and small mammals are also controlled by soil surface temperature. Dust-trapping The increased surface roughness associated with biological soil crusts increase the capture of dust. These Aeolian deposits of dust are often enriched in plant-essential nutrients, and thus increase both the fertility and the water holding capacity of soils. Germination and establishment The presence of biological soil


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: Novodevichy Convent Novodevichy Convent, also known as Bogoroditse-Smolensky Monastery (), is probably the best-known cloister of Moscow. Its name, sometimes translated as the "New Maidens' Monastery", was devised to differ from an ancient maidens' convent within the Moscow Kremlin. Unlike other Moscow cloisters, it has remained virtually intact since the 17th century. In 2004, it was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Convent is situated in the south-western part of the historic town of Moscow. The Convent territory is enclosed within walls and surrounded by a park, which forms the buffer zone. The park is limited by the urban


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: fabric of the city on the north and east sides. On the west side, it is limited by the Moscow River, and on the south side there is an urban freeway. The buildings are surrounded by a high masonry wall with 12 towers. The entrances are from the north (town side) and the south. The layout of the convent territory is an irregular rectangle stretching from the west to east. The oldest structure in the convent is the six-pillared five-domed Smolensky Cathedral, dedicated to the icon "Our Lady of Smolensk". It is situated in the centre of the axes between


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: the two entrance gates. Extant documents date its construction to 1524–1525; yet its lofty ground floor, magisterial proportions, and projecting central gable are typical of monastery cathedrals built at the behest of Ivan the Terrible. Most scholars agree that the cathedral was rebuilt in the 1550s or 1560s. It was formerly ringed by four smaller chapels, in an arrangement reminiscent of the Cathedral of the Annunciation in the Kremlin. Its frescos are among the finest in Moscow. The cathedral may be a focal point of the convent, but there are many other churches. Most date from the 1680s, when the


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: convent was thoroughly renovated at the behest of the regent Sofia Alexeyevna, who was later incarcerated there. The blood-red walls and crown-towers, two lofty over-the-gates churches, a refectory, and residential quarters were all designed in the Muscovite Baroque style, supposedly by a certain Peter Potapov. In the old cathedral, a new bowl for holy water and gilded carved iconostasis were installed in 1685. Its four tiers contain 16th-century icons endowed by Boris Godunov; the fifth tier displays icons by leading 17th-century painters, Simeon Ushakov and Fyodor Zubov. An arresting slender belltower, also commissioned by tsarevna Sofia, was built in six


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: tiers to a height of , making it the tallest structure in 18th-century Moscow (after the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin). This light octagonal column seems to unite all major elements of the ensemble into one harmonious whole. Vasili III, the Grand Prince of Moscow, founded the Novodevichy Convent in 1524 in commemoration of his conquest of Smolensk in 1514. The structure began as a fortress at a curve of the Moskva River three versts to the south-west of the Moscow Kremlin. It became an important part of the southern defensive belt of Moscow, which had already


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: included a number of other monasteries. Upon its founding, the Novodevichy Convent was granted 3,000 rubles and the villages of Akhabinevo and Troparevo. Vasili's son, tsar Ivan the Terrible (reigned 1533–1584), would later grant a number of other villages to the convent. The Novodevichy Convent housed many ladies from the Russian royal families and boyar clans who had been forced to take the veil, such as Ivan the Terribles daughter-in-law Yelena Sheremeteva (in residence 1581-1587), Feodor I's wife Irina Godunova (in residence 1598–1603; she was there with her brother Boris Godunov until he became a ruler himself), Sofia Alekseyevna (Peter


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: the Great's half-sister; in residence 1689–1704), Eudoxia Lopukhina (Peter the Great's first wife, in residence 1727–1731), and others. In 1610–1611 a Polish unit under the command of Aleksander Gosiewski captured the Novodevichy Convent. Once Russian forces had retaken the convent, tsar Michael Fyodorovich supplied it with permanent guards (100 Streltsy in 1616, 350 soldiers in 1618). By the end of the 17th century, the Novodevichy Convent possessed 36 villages (164,215 desyatinas of land) in 27 uyezds of Russia. In 1744, it owned 14,489 peasants. In the mid-17th century, nuns from other monasteries in the Ukrainian and Belarusian lands were transferred


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: to Novodevichy Convent, the first of whom was named Yelena Dyevochkina. In 1721, some of the aged nuns, who renounced the Old Believers movement, were given shelter. In 1724, the convent also housed a military hospital for the soldiers and officers of the Imperial Russian Army and an orphanage for female foundlings. By 1763, the convent housed 84 nuns, 35 lay sisters, and 78 sick patients and servants. Each year, the state provided the Novodevichy Convent with 1,500 rubles, 1,300 quarters of bread, and 680 rubles and 480 quarters of bread for more than 250 abandoned children. In 1812, Napoleon's


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: army made an attempt to blow up the convent, but the nuns managed to save the cloister from destruction. In Tolstoy's "War and Peace", Pierre was to be executed under the convent walls. In another novel of his, "Anna Karenina", Konstantin Lyovin (a main character) meets his future wife Kitty ice-skating near the monastery walls. Indeed, the Maiden's Field (as a meadow in front of the convent came to be known) was the most popular skating-rink in 19th-century Moscow. Tolstoy himself enjoyed skating here when he lived nearby, in the district of Khamovniki. In 1871, the Filatyev brothers donated money


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: for a shelter-school for the orphans of "ignoble origins". Also, the convent housed two almshouses for nuns and lay sisters. In early 1900s, the Cathedral was surveyed and restored by architect and preservationist Ivan Mashkov. By 1917, there were 51 nuns and 53 lay sisters residing in the Novodevichy Convent. In 1922, the Bolsheviks closed down the Novodevichy Convent (the cathedral was the last to be closed, in 1929) and turned it into the Museum of Women's Emancipation. By 1926, the monastery had been transformed into a history and art museum. In 1934, it became affiliated with the State Historical


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: Museum. Most of its facilities were turned into apartments, which spared the convent from destruction. In 1943, when Stalin started to make advances to the Russian Orthodox Church during World War II, he sanctioned opening the Moscow Theological Courses at the convent. Next year the program was transformed and became the Moscow Theological Institute. In 1945, the Soviets returned Assumption Cathedral to the believers. The residence of the Metropolitan of Krutitsy and Kolomna has been located in the Novodevichy Convent since 1980. In 1994, nuns returned to the convent, which is currently under the authority of the Metropolitan of Krutitsy


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: and Kolomna. Some of the churches and other monastic buildings are still affiliated with the State Historical Museum. In 1995, religious services resumed in the convent on patron saint's days. In 2004, the Novodevichy Convent was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the UNESCO team evaluation, it was affirmed that the convent is the most outstanding example of the so-called "Moscow Baroque". Apart from its fine architecture and decorative details, the site is characterised by its town-planning values. The team also pointed out that the convent is an outstanding example of an exceptionally well preserved monastic complex, and that


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: it integrates the political and cultural nature of the existing World Heritage site of Moscow Kremlin. Moreover, the convent is itself closely related to Russian Orthodoxy and the Russian history of the 16th and 17th centuries. On March 15, 2015, a fire engulfed the convent's tallest bell tower, which pinnacles at height of 72 meters. The monastery had been undergoing major repair work and was covered in scaffolding. It took firefighters almost three hours to put out the fire. The blaze reportedly affected an area of three hundred square metres, but it was restricted to the scaffolding and didn't do


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: any damage to the historical building itself. The speculated cause of the fire was a short circuit caused by heat guns used for drying the facade. The press service for the Moscow cultural heritage department has blamed the fire on the firm doing the restoration work. However, Russian Deputy Culture Minister Grigory Pirumov said that heat guns were not in use on the territory of the convent and the bell tower had been disconnected from the mains power supply. The was initiated already in the 16th century. Like other Moscow monasteries (notably the Danilov and the Donskoy), the Convent was


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: coveted by the Russian nobility as a place of burial. Sergey Solovyov and Alexei Brusilov are only two of the many prominent Muscovites buried within convent walls. The Napoleonic hero Denis Davydov is also buried in the grounds. In 1898–1904, the so-called Novodevichy Cemetery was established outside the south wall. Anton Chekhov was one of the first notables to be interred at the new cemetery, and Nikolai Gogol was later reburied there too. During the Soviet epoch, it was turned into the most high-profile cemetery in the Soviet Union, with the likes of Peter Kropotkin, Nikita Khrushchev, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri


title: "Novodevichy Convent" content: Shostakovich, Konstantin Stanislavski, Boris Yeltsin, and Mstislav Rostropovich being interred there. Novodevichy Convent Novodevichy Convent, also known as Bogoroditse-Smolensky Monastery (), is probably the best-known cloister of Moscow. Its name, sometimes translated as the "New Maidens' Monastery", was devised to differ from an ancient maidens' convent within the Moscow Kremlin. Unlike other Moscow cloisters, it has remained virtually intact since the 17th century. In 2004, it was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Convent is situated in the south-western part of the historic town of Moscow. The Convent territory is enclosed within walls and surrounded by a park, which


title: "House of Fraser" content: out by House of Fraser. Their dealings in China are opaque, and it is blatant that we have been unfairly prejudiced. We have no option other than litigation to protect the interests of Sports Direct and its shareholders." On 10 August 2018, House of Fraser entered administration. Later that day Sports Direct agreed to buy the assets of the business – the House of Fraser stores, brand and the stock – for £90 million in cash. As of 22 September 2018, at least 20 stores have been spared closure due to rent reductions. These stores will remain open after the


title: Bhatpara content: North Presidency Division of North 24 Parganas district in Calcutta region. The only other post office with the same PIN is Muktarpur. ESD M, a delivery sub post office in the Jagatdal area has PIN 743124 in the North Presidency Division of North 24 Parganas district in Calcutta region. There is no other post office with the same PIN. Jagatdal has a delivery sub post office, with PIN 743125 in the North Presidency Division of North 24 Parganas district in Calcutta region. Other post offices with the same PIN are Golghat and Gupter Bagan. Kankinara has a delivery sub post


title: "Gerry Laffy" content: Gerry Laffy Gerry Laffy (born 4 January 1960 in Hoxton, London) is a singer and guitarist who has played in the bands Girl, London Cowboys, Sheer Greed, , and Ultravox among others. Girl are still cited as an influence by many major artists twenty years later, even though they disbanded after only three years, allegedly due to their record company and mismanagement. In total Gerry Laffy has released 30 albums; he has played in venues as diverse as Wembley Arena, Taipei Hard Rock Cafe, the Reading Festival. In 1978, Laffy was a founding member of the band Girl (along with


title: "Lathyrus japonicus" content: Lathyrus japonicus Lathyrus japonicus (common names sea pea, beach pea, circumpolar pea and sea vetchling) is a legume native to temperate coastal areas of Asia, Europe, and North and South America. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing trailing stems to 50–80 cm long, typically on sand and gravel storm beaches. The leaves are waxy glaucous green, 5–10 cm long, pinnate, with 2-5 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet usually replaced by a twining tendril. The flowers are broad, with a dark purple standard petal and paler purple wing and keel petals; they are produced in racemes of up to


title: "Lathyrus japonicus" content: twelve flowers. "Lathyrus japonicus" is a perennial plant. The stem grows to and is limp, has no wings and is often hairless. The leaves are alternate, greyish green and somewhat succulent, almost stalkless with large, wide stipules. The leaf blades are pinnate with three to five pairs of narrow lanceolate leaflets with blunt tips, entire margins and a terminal tendril. The inflorescence has a long stem and five to twelve purple flowers, each long, turning bluer as they age. These have five sepals and five petals and are irregular with a standard, two wings and a fused keel. There are


title: "Lathyrus japonicus" content: ten stamens and a single carpel. The fruit is a long brown pod up to in length. This plant flowers in mid-to-late summer (July and August in the Northern Hemisphere, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere). "Lathyrus japonicus" is native to temperate parts of Europe, Asia, North and South America. Its typical habitat is sandy or stony seashores and other coastal locations. The unusually extensive native range is explained by the ability of the seeds to remain viable while floating in sea water for up to five years, enabling the seeds to drift nearly worldwide. Germination occurs when the


title: "Lathyrus japonicus" content: hard outer seed coat is abraded by waves on sand and gravel. The pods can be eaten but like many members of the genus "Lathyrus" they contain β-oxalyl-"L"-α,β-diaminopropionic acid, which can cause paralysis called lathyrism. The leaves of the plant are used in Chinese traditional medicine. Lathyrus japonicus Lathyrus japonicus (common names sea pea, beach pea, circumpolar pea and sea vetchling) is a legume native to temperate coastal areas of Asia, Europe, and North and South America. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing trailing stems to 50–80 cm long, typically on sand and gravel storm beaches. The leaves are


title: "Cliff dwelling" content: Cliff dwelling In archeology, cliff dwellings are dwellings formed by using niches or caves in high cliffs, with more or less excavation or with additions in the way of masonry. Two special sorts of cliff dwelling are distinguished by archaeologists: the cliff-house, which is actually built on levels in the cliff, and the cavate, which is dug out, by using natural recesses or openings. Rock-cut architecture generally refers to rather grander temples, but also tombs, cut into living rock, although for example the Ajanta Caves in India, of the 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE, probably housed several hundred


title: "Cliff dwelling" content: Buddhist monks and are cut into a cliff, as are the Mogao Caves in China. Some of the most famous cliff dwellings are those in North America, particularly among the canyons of the southwest, in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and Chihuahua in Mexico, some of which are still used by Native Americans. There has been considerable discussion as to their antiquity, but modern research finds no definite justification for assigning them to a distinct primitive race, or farther back than the ancestors of the modern Pueblo people. The area in which they occur coincides with that in which other


title: "Cliff dwelling" content: traces of the Pueblo tribes have been found. The niches that were used are often of considerable size, occurring in cliffs up to a thousand feet in height, and approached by rock steps or log ladders. Cliff dwelling In archeology, cliff dwellings are dwellings formed by using niches or caves in high cliffs, with more or less excavation or with additions in the way of masonry. Two special sorts of cliff dwelling are distinguished by archaeologists: the cliff-house, which is actually built on levels in the cliff, and the cavate, which is dug out, by using natural recesses or openings.


title: "Michele Bachmann" content: working. (Gen. Petraeus) said al-Qaida in Iraq is off its plan and we want to keep it that way. The surge has only been fully in place for a week or so." Bachmann also spoke of the delegation's visit to Islamabad to meet Pakistani Prime Minister Aziz at the same time as the siege of Islamic fundamentalists at the Lal Masjid mosque elsewhere in the city. She reported that "The group [of U.S. Legislators] had to travel in armored vehicles and was constantly accompanied by Pakistani military ... We were all able to see extremely up close and personal what


title: "Defects per million opportunities" content: that it comprehends the possibility that a unit under inspection may be found to have multiple defects of the same type or may have multiple types of defects. Identifying specific opportunities for defects (and therefore how to count and categorize defects) is an art, but generally organizations consider the following when defining the number of opportunities per unit: Other measures of process performance include: Defects per million opportunities In process improvement efforts, defects per million opportunities or DPMO (or nonconformities per million opportunities (NPMO)) is a measure of process performance. It is defined as A defect can be defined as


title: "Fourth Doctor" content: Doctor. The Fourth Doctor appears again in the 20th anniversary special "The Five Doctors" (1983). A renegade Time Lord attempts to pull the first five incarnations of the Doctor out of time, inadvertently trapping the Fourth Doctor (and Romana) in a "time eddy" from which they are later freed. The Fourth Doctor also had a small cameo at the beginning of Dimensions in Time, warning his Third, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh incarnation to watch out for the Rani. Brief holographic clips of the Fourth Doctor appear in "The Next Doctor" (2008) and "The Eleventh Hour" (2010). In the fiftieth anniversary


title: Krutitsy content: Krutitsy Krutitsy Metochion (), full name: Krutitsy Patriarchal Metochion () is an operating ecclesiastical estate of Russian Orthodox Church, located in Tagansky District of Moscow, Russia, 3 kilometers south-east from the Kremlin. The name "Krutitsy" (pl.), i.e. "steep river banks", originally meant the hills immediately east from Yauza River. Krutitsy Metochion, established in the late 13th century, contains listed historical buildings erected in the late 17th century on the site of earlier 16th century foundations. After a brief period of prosperity in the 17th century, Krutitsy was shut down by imperial authorities in the 1780s, and served as a military


title: Krutitsy content: warehouse for nearly two centuries. It was restored by Petr Baranovsky and gradually opened to the public after World War II; in 1991-1996, Krutitsy was returned to the Church and re-established as the personal metochion of Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia. After the Mongol invasion of Russia, in 1261, Russian Orthodox clergy established the Diocese of Sarai in the capital city of the Golden Horde, with an overt mission to serve the numerous Slavic population of Sarai (some Slavs were abducted by force, some joined the Mongol service voluntarily; Russian princes had to pay regular visits of homage to


title: Krutitsy content: Sarai). Some Orthodox priests, both Greek and Russian, entertained an idea of converting the Mongols to Christianity and thus acquire political influence for the Muscovites. The Mongols were quite tolerant to Christian churches, and it is speculated that Genghis Khan's mother was a Nestorian. The new diocese was styled as "Diocese of Sarai and Don" Prince Daniel of Moscow, appreciating the benefits of this alliance, donated to the diocese lands on Moscow River banks, strategically placed on the direct river route to Sarai, near the land road to Kolomna and Ryazan. In 1272, Diocese completed the first church on a


title: Krutitsy content: new site. In the fifteenth century the Golden Horde disintegrated into several warring principalities, its Orthodox population dispersed, thus in 1454 the Diocese relocated to Moscow. Bishop Vassian lost his see, but acquired a new title - Bishop of Krutitsy, and retained the old one. In 1492 the new Diocese acquired its own territoried in lower Volga and Don areas; its bishops gained political influence and in 1589 acquired the style of Metropolitans of Krutitsy, Bishops of Sarai and Don. During the Time of Troubles, when Kremlin Cathedrals were taken over by pretenders, Dormition Cathedral of Krutitsy was, temporarily, the


title: Krutitsy content: main cathedral of Muscovy; despite later plundering by the Poles, loyalty to the winning party guaranteed further prosperity and influence in spiritual matters and politics. In the 1650s, Krutitsy was a site of bitter disputes between Patriarch Nikon and Old Believers (and, subsequently, a jail for the latter). The golden age of Krutitsy coincided with the rule of Metropolitan Paul II in 1664-1676. Paul II launched an ambitious construction program, building a new Dormition Cathedral, Metropolitan's Chamber, and an exquisite garden with Moscow's first fountain. Further improvements, notably the Gallery and Teremok, were completed by his successors. In 1711, when


title: Krutitsy content: emperor Peter I abolished patriarchy and subordinated the Church to State, Metropolitans of Krutitsy were downgraded to bishops (with an exception of revered Metropolitan Ignat Smola in 1719-1722). Soon, Krutitsy was hit by the fire of 1737; old wooden roofs burnt down and were replaced with tin, damaged frescoes simply whitewashed. In 1744-1751 the struggling abbey operated a seminary, and eventually lost this privilege too. In 1764 the state abolished the redundant Diocese of Saray and Don; in 1785, it abolished Diocese of Krutitsy and shut down the abbey, its relics and archives moved to Chudov Monastery. Vacant property passed


title: Krutitsy content: to the Imperial Military; Krutitsy became a military base. Dormition Cathedral burnt down in the Fire of Moscow (1812) to such extent that Alexander Tormasov, military governor of Moscow, ordered to demolish the remains and build barracks or stables instead. The order was cancelled after intervention of the clergy, when demolition was already underway. In 1817 the cathedral finally acquired a new roof; upper church opened in 1823. In 1833, Krutitsy found a new sponsor - Grand Duke Alexander, future Alexander II. With all his influence, restoration by Konstantin Thon and Yevgraph Tyurin lasted for more than thirty years, to


title: Krutitsy content: 1868. The military, however, retained most of the lands and Riverside Dormitory, and encircled the old abbey with a ring of new warehouses and barracks (still existing and operational today). These barracks also doubled as jail, handling prisoners like Alexander Herzen. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Dormition Cathedral operated until 1924. Then, it was closed, looted, frescoes covered with oil paint. All land was again granted to the military. In 1936-1938, Resurrection church was rebuilt into barracks, the old cemetery levelled and converted to a football field. Diocese of Krutitsy was created again in 1920, then in 1947 merged