title: Hardwood content: enormous variation in actual wood hardness, with the range in density in hardwoods completely including that of softwoods; some hardwoods ("e.g.", balsa) are softer than most softwoods, while yew is an example of a hard softwood. Hardwoods are employed in a large range of applications, including fuel, tools, construction, boat building, furniture making, musical instruments, flooring, cooking, barrels, and manufacture of charcoal. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood. In the past, tropical hardwoods were easily available, but the supply of some species, such as Burma teak and mahogany, is now becoming scarce due to over-exploitation. Cheaper


title: Hardwood content: "hardwood" doors, for instance, now consist of a thin veneer bonded to a core of softwood, plywood or medium-density fibreboard (MDF). Hardwoods may be used in a variety of objects, but are most frequently seen in furniture or musical instruments because of their density which adds to durability, appearance, and performance. Different species of hardwood lend themselves to different end uses or construction processes. This is due to the variety of characteristics apparent in different timbers, including density, grain, pore size, growth and fibre pattern, flexibility and ability to be steam bent. For example, the interlocked grain of elm wood


title: Hardwood content: ("Ulmus" spp.) makes it suitable for the making of chair seats where the driving in of legs and other components can cause splitting in other woods. There is a correlation between density and calories/volume. This makes the denser hardwoods like oak, cherry, and apple more suited for camp fires, cooking fires, and smoking meat, as they tend to burn hotter and longer than softwoods like pine or cedar whose low-density construction and highly-flammable sap make them burn quickly and without producing quite as much heat. Hardwood Hardwood is wood from dicot trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and


title: "Newton's parakeet" content: Newton's parakeet Newton's parakeet ("Psittacula exsul"), also known as the Rodrigues parakeet or Rodrigues ring-necked parakeet, is an extinct species of parrot that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Rodrigues in the western Indian Ocean. Several of its features diverged from related species, indicating long-term isolation on Rodrigues and subsequent adaptation. The rose-ringed parakeet of the same genus is a close relative and probable ancestor. Newton's parakeet may itself have been ancestral to the endemic parakeets of nearby Mauritius and Réunion. Around long, Newton's parakeet was roughly the size of a rose-ringed parakeet. Its plumage was mostly greyish or


title: "Rodrigues solitaire" content: are considered credible, though it is known he had a copy of Leguat's memoirs with him during his stay. Many old accounts mention that Rodrigues solitaires were hunted by man. The Danish zoologist Japetus Steenstrup noted that some Rodrigues solitaire remains bore traces of having been broken by man or perhaps another large predator, to extract bone marrow. Writing in 1735, the French lieutenant Gennes de la Chancelière described the capture and consumption of two specimens as follows: Unlike the dodo, no Rodrigues solitaires are known to have been sent to Europe alive. However, it has been claimed that the


title: Foliation content: they are of class "C", in the following sense. Definition. A foliation formula_50 is of class "C", "r" > "k" ≥ 0, if the corresponding coherence class of foliated atlases contains a regular foliated atlas {"U","x","y"} such that the change of coordinate formula is of class "C", but "x" is of class "C" in the coordinates "x" and its mixed "x" partials of orders ≤ "r" are "C" in the coordinates ("x","y"). The above definition suggests the more general concept of a "foliated space" or "abstract lamination". One relaxes the condition that the transversals be open, relatively compact subsets of


title: Foliation content: the suspension "M" = "S" × "X" as the quotient of [0,1] × "X" by the equivalence relation (1,"x") ~ (0,"f"("x")). Then automatically "M" carries two foliations: formula_50 consisting of sets of the form "F" = {("t","x") : "x" ∈ "X"} and formula_50 consisting of sets of the form "F" = {("t","x") : "t" ∈ [0,1] ,"x" ∈ O}, where the orbit O is defined as where the exponent refers to the number of times the function "f" is composed with itself. Note that O = O = O, etc., so the same is true for "F". Understanding the foliation


title: "Airbus A400M Atlas" content: defined. The swap could take up to seven months. On 29 May 2016, Airbus chief Tom Enders conceded in an interview published in Bild am Sonntag that some of the "massive problems" dogging the A400M were of the group’s own making. He said "We underestimated the engine problems" and "Airbus had let itself be persuaded by some well-known European leaders into using an engine made by an inexperienced consortium." Furthermore, it had let itself be roped into assuming full responsibility for this new type of turbo-prop engine, he continued. "These are two massive problems which we’re now paying for." On


title: Thrips content: Thrips Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (most are 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Approximately 6,000 species have been described. They fly only weakly and their feathery wings are unsuitable for conventional flight; instead, thrips exploit an unusual mechanism, clap and fling, to create lift using an unsteady circulation pattern with transient vortices near the wings. Many thrips species are pests of commercially important crops. A few species serve as vectors for over


title: "Bolo tie" content: most common in the western areas of the country. Bolo tie slides and tips in silver have been part of Hopi, Navajo, Zuni, and Puebloan silversmithing traditions since the mid-20th century. The bolo tie was made the official neckwear of Arizona in 1971. New Mexico passed a non-binding measure to designate the bolo as the state's official neckwear in 1987. On March 13, 2007, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson signed into law that the bolo tie was the state's official tie. Also in 2007, the bolo tie was named the official tie of Texas. Politicians and officials from western states


title: "Street furniture" content: but are generally white or yellow. Traffic lights or traffic signals usually include three colours: green indicates vehicles should proceed through an intersection; amber indicates vehicles should prepare to stop; and red indicates vehicles should not enter the intersection. They are generally mounted on poles or gantries or hung from wires. Traffic signs communicate road conditions to inform safe driver behaviours. Postings may specify aspects such as speed limits, intersection protocols, slippery road conditions or reduced visibility. Direction signs tell the reader the way to a location through diagrams or written instructions. Signs may be illuminated to aid nighttime users.


title: "Tsonga language" content: U karhele – S/He is tired, Va karhele – They are tired. (iii) In many cases merely changing the last 'a' in the verb to an 'e' indicates past action. Ku fika – To arrive, U fike tolo – S/He arrived yesterday, Ndzi fike tolo – I arrived yesterday, Hi tirhe siku hinkwaro – We worked all day, Ndzi nghene (e)ndlwini – I entered the house. Future tense This is formed by the adding 'ta' in between the personal pronoun and the verb. Ndzi ta nghena (e)ndlwini – I will enter the house, Hi ta tirha siku hinkwaro – We


title: "No Idea Records" content: No Idea Records No Idea Records is an American independent record label based in Gainesville, Florida which focuses on punk rock and its sub-styles and produces both vinyl records and compact discs. The label also organizes The Fest, an independently operated annual festival known for featuring over 250 punk, pop punk, country, heavy metal, indie rock, avant-garde and other musical acts across many venues for 3 days in Gainesville each fall. No Idea Records started not as a record label, but as a zine in 1985, published independently by Var Thelin and Ken Coffelt and some friends of theirs from


title: "No Idea Records" content: high school. By the seventh issue in 1989, Var was running the zine with Sarah Dyer and other contributors and collaborators. Starting with the sixth edition, the No Idea zine included 7-inch records with each issue. The first featured a local Gainesville band called Doldrums, and the second was a split 7", one side of which belonged to later Bay Area legends Crimpshrine, a major influence on the musical style which dominates No Idea to the present. Since its beginnings, No Idea has remained a foundation of the Gainesville punk scene and is considered by many to have spawned its


title: "No Idea Records" content: very own style of punk, sometimes half-jokingly referred to as "beard punk" or "beardcore" due to the large proportion of members in bands having beards, or more commonly as variations of emo, post-hardcore and pop punk. No Idea Records No Idea Records is an American independent record label based in Gainesville, Florida which focuses on punk rock and its sub-styles and produces both vinyl records and compact discs. The label also organizes The Fest, an independently operated annual festival known for featuring over 250 punk, pop punk, country, heavy metal, indie rock, avant-garde and other musical acts across many venues


title: "Pesticide poisoning" content: Pesticide poisoning A pesticide poisoning occurs when chemicals intended to control a pest affect non-target organisms such as humans, wildlife, or bees. There are three types of pesticide poisoning. The first of the three is a single and short-term very high level of exposure which can be experienced by individuals who commit suicide, as well as pesticide formulators. The second type of poisoning is long-term high-level exposure, which can occur in pesticide formulators and manufacturers. The third type of poisoning is a long-term low-level exposure, which individuals are exposed to from sources such as pesticide residues in food as well


title: "Palais Bourbon" content: had twelve corinthian columns was in an entirely different style from Italianate 18th century palace behind it, but it was high enough to be visible from the Place de la Concorde and was correctly aligned to be visible from the Madeleine. The original "fronton" of the facade featured bas-reliefs by sculptor Antoine-Denis Chaudet, showed scenes from the opening of the Corps Legislative in 1806; it showed Napoleon on horseback, offering to the members of the Legislature the flags which had been captured from the Austrians at the Battle of Austerlitz, and the inscription, "To Napoleon I the Great - the


title: Upanayana content: 11 among the Kshatriyas, and age 12 among Vaishyas. Apastamba Gryha Sutra, in verse 1.1.1.27, places a maximum age limit of 24 for the Upanayana ceremony and start of formal education. However, Gautama Gryha Sutra and other ancient texts state that there is no age restriction and anyone of any age can undertake Upanayanam when they feel they initiate their formal studies of the Vedas. In some regions, in modern times, boys and girls undergo the tradition of "Upanayana" initiation when they start their formal schooling. In ancient and medieval eras, texts such as Harita Dharmasutras, Asvalayana Grhya Sutra and


title: "Ford Mondeo" content: Ford Mondeo The Ford Mondeo is a mid-sized or large family car manufactured by Ford since 1993. The second Ford "world car" (the 1980 Ford Escort being the first), the Mondeo was intended to consolidate several Ford model lines worldwide (the European Ford Sierra, the Ford Telstar in Asia and Australia, and the Ford Tempo/Mercury Topaz of North America). The Mondeo nameplate is derived from Latin "mundus", meaning "world". For its first two generations, the Ford Mondeo was produced using the Ford CDW27 platform, with the third generation shifting to the EUCD platform. The fourth (current) generation uses the Ford


title: "Seaplane tender" content: in the Second World War, did not operate any seaplane tenders. However, the "Luftwaffe" had nineteen seaplane tenders. These ships were mostly converted from existing civilian seaplane tenders, and were capable of carrying 1-3 seaplanes. The French and Italian Navies also had seaplane tenders. Seaplane carriers became obsolete at the end of the Second World War. A few remained in service after the war but by the late-1950s most had been scrapped or converted to other uses such as helicopter repair ships. Examples of seaplane tenders include: Seaplane tender A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the


title: "Motor nerve" content: both sensory and motor nerves called mixed nerves. Motor nerve fibers transduce signals from the CNS to peripheral neurons of proximal muscle tissue. Motor nerve axon terminals innervate skeletal and smooth muscle, as they are heavily involved in muscle control. Motor nerves tend to be rich in Acetylcholine vesicles because the motor nerve, a bundle of motor nerve axons that deliver motor signals and signal for movement and motor control. Calcium vesicles reside in the axon terminals of the motor nerve bundles. The high calcium concentration outside of presynaptic motor nerves increases the size of EPPs (End-Plate potentials). Within motor


title: "Banana chip" content: Banana chip Banana chips are dried slices of bananas (fruits of herbaceous plants of the genus "Musa" of the soft, sweet "dessert banana" variety). They can be covered with sugar or honey and have a sweet taste, or they can be fried in oil and spices and have a salty or spicy taste. Fried banana chips are usually produced from under-ripe banana slices deep-fried in sunflower oil or coconut oil. These chips are dry (like potato chips), contain about 4% water (table), and can be salted, spiced, sugar coated or jaggery coated. Sometimes banana flavoring is added. If ripe bananas


title: "Banana chip" content: seems to be more prevalent in Java and Sumatra. Usually unripe green bananas are thinly sliced, soaked in lime and salt water solution, and being deep fried as chips. Unripe banana is well suited for deep frying due to its low content of water and sugar, while having high starch content. "Pisang goreng" is another fried banana snack, although it is not thinly sliced and serves as a sweet hot snack. The chips are often part of muesli and nut mixes. Other chips, such as patacones, are salty. Similar chips called chifle are made from plantains, the family of fruit


title: "Notebook processor" content: Notebook processor A notebook processor is a CPU optimized for notebook computers. One of the main characteristics differentiating notebook processors from other CPUs is low-power consumption. The notebook processor is becoming an increasingly important market segment in the semiconductor industry. Notebook computers are an increasingly popular format of the broader category of mobile computers. The objective of a notebook computer is to provide the performance and functionality of a desktop computer in a portable size and weight. Cell phones and PDAs use "system on a chip" integrated circuits that use less power than most notebook processors. While it is possible


title: "Notebook processor" content: to use desktop processors in laptops, this practice is generally not recommended, as desktop processors heat faster than notebook processors and drain batteries faster. Notebook processor A notebook processor is a CPU optimized for notebook computers. One of the main characteristics differentiating notebook processors from other CPUs is low-power consumption. The notebook processor is becoming an increasingly important market segment in the semiconductor industry. Notebook computers are an increasingly popular format of the broader category of mobile computers. The objective of a notebook computer is to provide the performance and functionality of a desktop computer in a portable size and


title: "Edward Wightman" content: and the Athanasian". Wightman was fully aware of the king's firmly orthodox stance, yet he set about to combat both his State and Church. Of the handful of fragments of his defence treatise that have survived, he refers to the doctrine and "heresies of the Nicolaitan;... most of all hated and abhorred of God himself ... the common received faith contained in those three inventions of man, commonly called the Three Creeds ... the [Apostles’], Nicene and Athanasius Creed, which faith within these 1600 years past hath prevailed in the world". Wightman had by now isolated himself from all orthodox


title: Locoweed content: "Sida carpinifolia" and "Ipomoea carnea", and both species have been reported to cause locoism. "Embellisia", a fungus isolated from "Oxytropis lambertii", has also been shown to produce swainsonine and to cause locoism in rats. "Rhizoctonia leguminicola", a fungal plant pathogen that may occur on red clover, also produces swainsonine. Although intoxication due to this fungus resembles locoism, it has additional signs and symptoms due to the production of other toxins. Locoweed is eaten during the early spring and late fall, when it is often the only green plant available to grazing animals. Intoxication with swainsonine has several kinds of effect.


title: Locoweed content: account livestock preference for locoweed during seasons when grass is dry and not very nutritious. Conditioned food aversion has been used experimentally to discourage livestock from eating it. In horses, a small study has shown promising results using lithium chloride as the aversive agent. Locoweed Locoweed (also crazyweed and loco) is a common name in North America for any plant that produces swainsonine, a phytotoxin harmful to livestock. Worldwide, swainsonine is produced by a small number of species, most in three genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae: "Oxytropis" and "Astragalus" in North America, and "Swainsona" in Australia. The term


title: "Ussher chronology" content: same account as the apocryphal Book of Jasher, dating the worldwide flood to 2349 BC and the birth of Terah in 2127 BC. The date of 4000 BC as the creation of Adam was at least partially influenced by the widely held belief that the Earth was approximately 5600 years old (2000 to Abraham, 2000 from Abraham to the birth of Christ, and 1600 years from Christ to Ussher), corresponding to the six days of Creation, on the grounds that "one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day" (). This tradition


title: "Vidéotron" content: the first half of 2005. Vidéotron launched its cable phone service in late 2004 to compete with Bell Canada and Telus. Initial deployment of this service started on Montreal's South Shore. During a press release on January 24, 2005, Vidéotron announced that 300,000 customers on Montreal's South Shore had access to this service and that deployment would continue all over Quebec throughout 2005. Vidéotron also announced that about 2,500 customers had already subscribed to this service, following a trial conducted in the fall of 2004. Vidéotron was also the first cable provider in Canada to launch cable phone service. In


title: "Music of Lithuania" content: "RyRalio Djs" became famous for quality house music. Jazz was quite often mentioned in the press of Lithuania before the WWII. Back in Lithuania's first period of independence (1918-1940), the country was part of swinging Europe. Nearly every Lithuanian town had its own jazz band, and traditional jazz repertoire was performed by prestigious orchestras under the leadership of Mykolas Hofmekleris (violinist), Abraomas Stupelis (violinist), Danielius Pomerancas (violinist). Jazz was played in the modern cafés and restaurants of "interbellum" Kaunas - "Konradas", "Monika", "Aldona", "Versalis", "Metropolis". In 1935 in the cinema "Metropolitain", first concert of jazz orchestra took place. The jazz


title: "Swiss Chalet" content: Swiss Chalet Swiss Chalet is a Canadian chain of casual dining restaurants founded in 1954 in Toronto, Ontario. As of 2015, there are over 200 Swiss Chalet restaurants in Canada. Swiss Chalet is among the holdings of Recipe Unlimited, which also owns the fast food chain Harvey's. Swiss Chalet and Harvey's franchises share many locations. Swiss Chalet franchises include a variety of points of sale. The company's locations generally have an architectural alpine theme, a dining room, a take-out counter, and delivery. Some feature drive-thru windows while other locations in certain urban areas are only take-out counters and are more


title: "Swiss Chalet" content: upon its signature item, rotisserie chicken. The Quarter Chicken Dinner, the restaurant's signature dish, includes a roasted chicken leg or breast with "Chalet Sauce", a bread roll and a side dish. The company also purveys some non-chicken items, such as ribs, rotisserie beef, burgers and poutine. Swiss Chalet Swiss Chalet is a Canadian chain of casual dining restaurants founded in 1954 in Toronto, Ontario. As of 2015, there are over 200 Swiss Chalet restaurants in Canada. Swiss Chalet is among the holdings of Recipe Unlimited, which also owns the fast food chain Harvey's. Swiss Chalet and Harvey's franchises share many


title: "Wine bottle" content: Wine bottle A wine bottle is a bottle, generally made of glass, that is used for holding wine. Some wines are fermented in the bottle, others are bottled only after fermentation. Recently the bottle has become a standard unit of volume to describe sales in the wine industry, measuring . Wine bottles are produced, however, in a variety of volumes and shapes. Wine bottles are traditionally sealed with a cork, but screw-top caps are becoming popular, and there are several other methods used to seal a bottle. Many traditional wine bottle sizes are named for Biblical kings and historical figures.


title: "Wine bottle" content: The chart below lists the sizes of various wine bottles in multiples relating to a standard bottle of wine, which is (six 125 ml servings). The "wineglassful"—an official unit of the apothecaries' system of weights—is much smaller at . Most champagne houses are unable to carry out secondary fermentation in bottles larger than a magnum due to the difficulty in riddling large, heavy bottles. After the secondary fermentation completes, the champagne must be transferred from the magnums into larger bottles, which results in a loss of pressure. Some believe this re-bottling exposes the champagne to greater oxidation and therefore results


title: "Wine bottle" content: in an inferior product compared to champagne which remains in the bottle in which it was fermented. <nowiki>*</nowiki> For many years, the US standard (non-metric) wine and liquor bottle was the "fifth", meaning one-fifth of a US gallon, or . Some beverages also came in tenth-gallon, half-gallon and one-gallon sizes. In 1979, the US adopted the metric system for wine bottles, with the basic bottle becoming 750 ml, as in Europe. Wine producers in Portugal, Italy, Spain, France and Germany follow the tradition of their local areas in choosing the shape of bottle most appropriate for their wine. Many North


title: "Wine bottle" content: and South American, South African, and Australasian wine producers select the bottle shape with which they wish to associate their wines. For instance, a producer who believes his wine is similar to Burgundy may choose to bottle his wine in Burgundy-style bottles. Other producers (both in and out of Europe) have chosen idiosyncratic bottle styles for marketing purposes. Pere-Anselme markets its Châteauneuf-du-Pape in bottles that appear half-melted. The Moselland company of Bernkastel-Kues in Germany has a Riesling with a bottle in the shape of a stylized cat. The home wine maker may use any bottle, as the shape of the


title: "Wine bottle" content: bottle does not affect the taste of the finished product. The sole exception is in producing sparkling wine, where thicker-walled bottles should be used to handle the excess pressure. Most wine bottles standards have a bore (inner neck) diameter of 18.5 mm at the mouth of the bottle and increase to 21 mm before expanding into the full bottle. The traditional colors used for wine bottles are: Clear colorless bottles have recently become popular with white wine producers in many countries, including Greece, Canada and New Zealand. Dark-colored bottles are most commonly used for red wines, but many white wines


title: "Wine bottle" content: also still come in dark green bottles. The main reason for using colored or tinted glass is that natural sunlight can break down desirable antioxidants such as vitamin c and tannins in a wine over time, which affects storability and can cause a wine to prematurely oxidise. Dark glass can prevent oxidation and increase storage life. It is therefore mostly ready-to-drink white wines with a short anticipated storage lifespan which are bottled in clear colorless bottles. Commercial corked wine bottles typically have a protective sleeve called a foil (commonly referred to as a "capsule") covering the top of the bottle,


title: "Wine bottle" content: surplus of green glass because it imports a large quantity of wine but produces very little. 1.4 million tons are sent to landfill annually. Glass is a relatively heavy packing material and wine bottles use quite thick glass, so the tare weight of a full wine bottle is a relatively high proportion of its gross weight. The average weight of an empty 750 ml wine bottle is 500 g (and can range from 300 to 900 g), which makes the glass 40% of the total weight of the full bottle. This has led to suggestions that wine should be exported


title: "Wine bottle" content: and tetra packs. Wine bottle A wine bottle is a bottle, generally made of glass, that is used for holding wine. Some wines are fermented in the bottle, others are bottled only after fermentation. Recently the bottle has become a standard unit of volume to describe sales in the wine industry, measuring . Wine bottles are produced, however, in a variety of volumes and shapes. Wine bottles are traditionally sealed with a cork, but screw-top caps are becoming popular, and there are several other methods used to seal a bottle. Many traditional wine bottle sizes are named for Biblical kings


title: "Chinese people" content: Chinese people Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation. Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, at about 92% of the population, are often referred to as "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English, however there are dozens of other related and unrelated ethnic groups in China. A number of ethnic groups within China, as well as people elsewhere with ancestry in the region, may be referred to as Chinese people. Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, are often referred to as "Chinese" or


title: "Chinese people" content: "ethnic Chinese" in English. The Han also form a majority or notable minority in other countries, and may comprise as much as 19% of the global human population. Other ethnic groups in China include the related Hui people or "Chinese Muslims", the Zhuang, Manchu, Uyghurs and Miao, who make up the five largest ethnic minorities in mainland China with populations exceeding 10 million. In addition, the Yi, Tujia, Tibetans and Mongols each number populations between six and nine million. The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, many of whom live in the special administrative regions


title: "Chinese people" content: of the country. However, there exists several smaller ethnicities who are "unrecognized" or subsumed as part another ethnic group. The Republic of China (ROC or commonly Taiwan) officially recognizes 14 tribes of Taiwanese aborigines, who together with unrecognized tribes comprise about 2% of the country's population. During the Qing dynasty the term "Chinese people" (Chinese: 中國之人 "Zhōngguó zhī rén"; Manchu: "Dulimbai gurun i niyalma") was used by the Qing government to refer to all subjects of the empire, including Han, Manchu, and Mongols. "Zhonghua minzu" (), the "Chinese nation", is a supra-ethnic concept which includes all 56 ethnic groups living


title: "Chinese people" content: in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of China since at least the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). The term "zhonghua minzu" was used during the Republic of China from 1911–1949 to refer to a subset of five ethnic groups in China. The term "zhongguo renmin" (), "Chinese people", was the government's preferred term during the life of Mao Zedong; "zhonghua minzu" is more common in recent decades. The Nationality law of the People's Republic of China regulates nationality within the PRC. A


title: "Chinese people" content: person obtains nationality either by birth when at least one parent is of Chinese nationality or by naturalization. All people holding nationality of the People's Republic of China are citizens of the Republic. The Resident Identity Card is the official form of identification for residents of the People's Republic of China. Within the People's Republic of China, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport or Macao Special Administrative Region passport may be issued to permanent residents of Hong Kong or Macao, respectively. The Nationality law of the Republic of China regulates nationality within the Republic of China (Taiwan). A person


title: "Chinese people" content: obtains nationality either by birth or by naturalization. A person with at least one parent who is a national of the Republic of China, or born in the ROC to stateless parents qualifies for nationality by birth. The National Identification Card is an identity document issued to people who have household registration in Taiwan. The Resident Certificate is an identification card issued to residents of the Republic of China who do not hold a National Identification Card. The relationship between Taiwanese nationality and Chinese nationality is disputed. Overseas Chinese refers to people of Chinese ethnicity or national heritage who live


title: "Chinese people" content: outside the People's Republic of China or Taiwan as the result of the continuing diaspora. People with one or more Chinese ancestors may consider themselves overseas Chinese. Such people vary widely in terms of cultural assimilation. In some areas throughout the world ethnic enclaves known as Chinatowns are home to populations of Chinese ancestry. In Southeast Asia, Chinese people call themselves 華人 ("Huárén"), which is distinguished from (中國人) ("Zhōngguórén") or the citizens of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China. This is especially so in the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia. The term "Zhongguoren" has a more


title: "Chinese people" content: political or ideological aspect in its use; while many in China may use "Zhongguoren" to mean the Chinese ethnicity, some in Taiwan would refuse to be called "Zhongguoren". For countries with significant populations For countries with noteworthy populations Other countries with Chinese populations Related topics of interest Chinese people Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation. Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, at about 92% of the population, are often referred to as "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English, however there are dozens of


title: "Tamil literature" content: aspect of life. "Kuruntokai", a collection of poems belonging to the "Ettuthokai" anthology demonstrates an early treatment of the Sangam landscape. Such treatments are found to be much refined in the later works of "Akananuru" and "Paripaatal". "Paripaatal" takes its name from the musical "Paripaatal meter" utilised in these poems. This is the first instance of a work set to music. "Akaval" and "kalippa" were the other popular meters used by poets during the Sangam age. The three centuries after the Sangam age . The invaders replaced number of words and concepts relating to ethics, philosophy and religion of Tamil.


title: "Haircut (finance)" content: Haircut (finance) In finance, a haircut is the difference between the market value of an asset used as loan collateral and the value ascribed to that asset when used as collateral for that loan (i.e. an ascribed (nominal) reduction to the value of that asset, when it is used as collateral). The amount of the haircut reflects the perceived risk of the asset falling in value or being sold in a fire sale; the larger the risk is perceived to be, the larger the haircut will be. The lender will, however, still hold a lien for the entire value of


title: "Haircut (finance)" content: "haircuts.") . . . The purpose of these deductions from "net worth," is to provide a margin of safety against losses incurred by a broker or dealer as a result of market fluctuations in the prices of such securities or future commodity contracts. "Haircut" since has been extended to a number of other financial contexts, whenever it is desirable to show that some securities (typically debt securities) are being valued for some purpose at a discount. The European Central Bank applies a haircut to all securities offered as collateral. The size of the haircut depends on the riskiness and liquidity


title: "Haircut (finance)" content: capital required by a broker to maintain the positions currently in a trading account. If haircut exceeds the account's capital, the broker can either require additional capital (e.g., margin call), or liquidate positions until the haircut no longer exceeds available capital. During the Eurozone crisis, and particularly in the context of the Greek financial crisis, the term "haircut" acquired more specifically the meaning of state-debt holders receiving less than par. It's "the market's euphemism for wiping out a large portion of the debt owed to the creditors." The haircut agreed to by Greek-state debt holders was deemed "voluntary" by the


title: "Carl Hellmuth Hertz" content: Carl Hellmuth Hertz Carl Hellmuth Hertz (also written Carl Helmut Hertz, October 15, 1920 – April 29, 1990) was a German physicist known primarily for being involved in the development of inkjet technology and ultrasound technology. He was the son of Gustav Ludwig Hertz and great nephew of Heinrich Hertz. Hellmuth Hertz was born October 15, 1920 in Berlin, Germany. His father was Gustav Hertz who, along with James Franck, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 for their experiments on inelastic electron collisions in gases. Gustav Hertz's uncle was in turn Heinrich Hertz, who first conclusively proved the


title: "Carl Hellmuth Hertz" content: died April 29, 1990. Carl Hellmuth Hertz Carl Hellmuth Hertz (also written Carl Helmut Hertz, October 15, 1920 – April 29, 1990) was a German physicist known primarily for being involved in the development of inkjet technology and ultrasound technology. He was the son of Gustav Ludwig Hertz and great nephew of Heinrich Hertz. Hellmuth Hertz was born October 15, 1920 in Berlin, Germany. His father was Gustav Hertz who, along with James Franck, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 for their experiments on inelastic electron collisions in gases. Gustav Hertz's uncle was in turn Heinrich Hertz, who


title: "British Science Association" content: the CREST Awards which seeks to involve school students in science beyond the school curriculum, and to encourage them to consider higher education and careers in science. Traditionally the president is elected at the meeting usually held in August/September for a one-year term and gives a presidential address upon retiring. The honour of the presidency is traditionally bestowed only once per individual. Written sources that give the year of presidency as a single year generally mean the year in which the presidential address is given. In 1926/1927 the association's patron was King George V and the president was his son


title: Winemaking content: potassium metabisulphite. Another useful preservative is potassium sorbate. Sulfur dioxide has two primary actions, firstly it is an anti microbial agent and secondly an anti oxidant. In the making of white wine it can be added prior to fermentation and immediately after alcoholic fermentation is complete. If added after alcoholic ferment it will have the effect of preventing or stopping malolactic fermentation, bacterial spoilage and help protect against the damaging effects of oxygen. Additions of up to 100 mg per liter (of sulfur dioxide) can be added, but the available or free sulfur dioxide should be measured by the aspiration


title: "MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc." content: MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc., 991 F.2d 511 (9th Cir. 1993), was a case heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which addressed the issue of whether the loading of software programs into random-access memory (RAM) by a computer repair technician during maintenance constituted an unauthorized software copy and therefore a copyright violation. The court held that it did, although the United States Congress subsequently enacted an amendment to to specifically overrule this holding in the circumstances of computer repair. Peak Computer, Inc. is a computer


title: "Stellarium (software)" content: project images onto a dome. Such systems are generally cheaper than traditional planetarium projectors and fish-eye lens projectors and for that reason are used in budget and home planetarium setups where projection quality is less important. Various companies which build and sell digital planetarium systems use Stellarium, such as "e-Planetarium". "Digitalis Education Solutions", which helped develop Stellarium, created a fork called Nightshade which was specifically tailored to planetarium use. VirGO is a Stellarium plugin, a visual browser for the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Science Archive Facility which allows astronomers to browse professional astronomical data. It is no longer supported or


title: Meatloaf content: Meatloaf Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat mixed with other ingredients and formed into a loaf shape, then baked or smoked. The shape is created by either cooking it in a loaf pan, or forming it by hand on a flat pan. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used. Meatloaf of minced meat was mentioned in the Roman cookery collection "Apicius" as early as the 5th century. Meatloaf is a traditional German, Scandinavian and Belgian dish, and it is a cousin to the Dutch meatball. American meatloaf has


title: Meatloaf content: Belgian version of meatloaf is called "vleesbrood" (meatbread) in Dutch and "pain de viande" in French. It is usually served warm and can then be served with various sauces, but can also be eaten cold with a loaf of bread. "Rulo Stefani" (). The Bulgarian "rulo Stefani" meatloaf is similar to the Hungarian "Stefánia" meatloaf, with hard-boiled eggs in the middle. Chilean meatloaf, known as "Asado Aleman" (German roasted meat) is a staple of southern Chile cuisine, especially in areas known for having been influenced by the arrival of German settlers during the 18th and 19th century. The most common


title: Meatloaf content: brown sauce. In Germany, meatloaf is referred to as "Hackbraten", "Faschierter Braten" or "Falscher Hase" 'mock hare'. In some regions it often has boiled eggs inside. In Greece, meatloaf is referred to as "rolo" (Ρολό) and it is usually filled with hard boiled eggs, although several other variations exist. Stefania meatloaf () or Stefania slices are a type of Hungarian long meatloaf baked in a loaf pan, with 3 hard boiled eggs in the middle, making decorative white and yellow rings in the middle of the slices. In Italy, meatloaf is called "polpettone" and can be filled with eggs, ham


title: Meatloaf content: and has a small size. хучмал (khoochmal) is served with mashed potatoes cooked over the ground meat. The Dutch version of meatloaf is called "gehaktbrood" and can be eaten warm or cold. A mini-version of meatloaf called "slavink" is also served in the Netherlands. "Embutido" (not to be confused with the Spanish "embutido") is made of well-seasoned ground pork, raisins, minced carrots, sausages, and whole boiled eggs. The meat is molded into a roll with the sausages and hard boiled eggs set in the middle. Another variation of the dish involves wrapping the meatloaf with pork crow or mesentery. It


title: Meatloaf content: is then wrapped in aluminum foil (historically, banana leaves) and steamed for an hour. The cooked "embutido" may be stored in freezers. It is usually served fried and sliced for breakfast. "Embutido" is sometimes confused with "morcón" (also not to be confused with Spanish "morcón"), due to their similarity in appearance. However "morcón" is a beef roulade, not a meatloaf. Called "pieczeń rzymska" ("Roman roast") or "klops" is made of ground pork and/or beef, onions and garlic, with obligatory hard boiled egg inside. In Puerto Rican cuisine, meatloaf is known as "albondigón". Puerto Rican style meatloaf is made with ground


title: Meatloaf content: pork, beef, turkey, adobo, worcestershire sauce, milk, ketchup, potatoes, red beans, breadcrumb, parsley, with a hard-boiled egg in the middle. In Romanian cuisine, there is a meatloaf dish called "drob", similar to other minced meat dishes in the region like the Bulgarian "Rulo Stefani" or the Hungarian "Stefánia" meatloaf, the major difference being that it is always made with lamb organs (or a mixture of lamb organs and pork or veal) and the hard boiled eggs in the centre of the "drob" are optional. One of South Africa's most popular dishes is a form of meatloaf called bobotie. Food in


title: Meatloaf content: "köttfärslimpa" and is usually made from a mixture of ground pork and beef. It is served with boiled or mashed potatoes, brown sauce and lingonberry jam. In the Turkish cuisine there is a meatloaf with vegetables dish called "dalyan köfte". In the UK there are regional pork meatloaf dishes known as Haslet, which can be eaten cold or hot. During the Great Depression, cooking meatloaf was a way to stretch the food budget for families by using an inexpensive type of meat and other ingredients as leftovers. Along with spices, it was popular to add cereal grains, bread or saltines


title: Meatloaf content: to the meatloaf to stretch the meat. This tradition of additions lives on with the goal of producing a lower-fat dish with superior binding and consistency. American meatloaf is typically eaten with some kind of sauce or relish. Many recipes call for a pasta sauce or tomato sauce to be poured over the loaf to form a crust during baking. The tomato-based sauce may be replaced with simple brown gravy or onion gravy, or a can of cream of mushroom soup may be substituted, but the meatloaf is prepared in a similar manner. Barbecue sauce, tomato ketchup, or a mixture


title: Meatloaf content: of tomato ketchup and mustard may also be used. American meatloaf may be topped with plain ketchup or a "meatloaf sauce" consisting of ketchup and brown sugar mixed. Another variety of meatloaf is prepared by "frosting" it with mashed potatoes, drizzling it with a small amount of butter, and browning in the oven. Meatloaf is normally served warm as part of the main course, but can also be found sliced as a cold cut. Meatloaf can be considered a typical comfort food and is served in many diners and restaurants. In a 2007 poll by "Good Housekeeping", meatloaf was the


title: Meatloaf content: seventh-favorite dish of Americans. The Vietnamese meatloaf version is called "giò". It is boiled rather than baked or smoked. There are many versions of "giò" that differ by the ingredients used. Meatloaf Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat mixed with other ingredients and formed into a loaf shape, then baked or smoked. The shape is created by either cooking it in a loaf pan, or forming it by hand on a flat pan. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used. Meatloaf of minced meat was mentioned in the


title: "Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell" content: the Act of Congress. The Court recognized that "there are differences between the copyright statute and the patent statute, and the purpose to decide the question now before us was expressly disclaimed" in "Bobbs–Merrill". Nonetheless, "it is apparent that, in the respect involved in the present inquiry, there is a strong similarity between and identity of purpose in the two statutes." Both statutes grant an exclusive right to "vend." There is no difference of importance in the respective legal rights to vend books and vend products: So far as the use of the terms "vend" and "vending" is concerned, the


title: "1967 in Canada" content: music, literature, and art that the 1960s brought around the world. The baby boomers, who have since dominated Canada's culture, tend to view the period as Canada's halcyon days. 1967 was an exciting year for Canadians. Communities across the country planned celebrations to mark the 100th anniversary of confederation. The Federal Government sponsored events from coast to coast and provided funding and organization for such things as the Centennial Train and the Centennial Voyageur Canoe Pageant. Even Canada's military got the spirit by producing the Canadian Armed Forces Tattoo 1967 that toured the country from coast to coast with over


title: "George Smitherman" content: Smitherman admitted a five-year addiction to an illegal drug before running for political office. Smitherman has not indicated the specific drugs he was addicted to during this time, except to say that they were part of the "Toronto party scene", and that "the drugs were not injected". He is estranged from his older brother, saying they didn't fall out but just drifted apart. Arthur, who ran for , endorsed Rob Ford for mayor. On August 5, 2007, Smitherman married his partner, Christopher Peloso, near Elliot Lake, Ontario. Peloso was a manager with Lindt & Sprüngli. On September 26, 2009, the


title: "Pine siskin" content: an unstreaked throat and breast; pine siskin does not have a corresponding bright plumage. Adult female Eurasian siskins also usually have green and yellow plumage tones: for example, yellow in the supercilium and on the sides of the breast, green tones in the mantle and yellow in the rump. Adult pine siskins of the typical morph do not have green and yellow tones, although juveniles can have a yellowish-buff wash on their underparts and buff-toned wingbars, for a short period prior to their autumn migration. The ground colour of the underparts of Eurasian siskin is normally pure white, whereas on


title: Seibal content: stucco were also recovered, they once made up a colourful frieze above the front of the building that included modelled human figures. The stucco still had traces of orange, green and yellow paint. The building was a palace-type structure with perhaps six rooms, three on the west side and three on the east, and it was originally roofed in stone. The interior had an L-shaped bench. The structure was built of finely cut limestone blocks and the walls were coated with stucco painted orange and turquoise. It is believed that the building was part of a Terminal Classic royal palace


title: Seibal content: broken into six or seven pieces and has been restored. Stela 3 bears a non-Maya calendrical date, one of the glyphs is "cipactli", a crocodile head used to represent the first day of the 260-day calendar in central Mexico. This stela once stood next to Stela 2 but was removed to a museum in Guatemala City. Stela 4 is badly damaged, having been broken into pieces by a falling tree. It was lost for sixty years before being rediscovered. It currently remains buried under a thin covering of soil. Stela 5 lies to the north of the South Plaza and


title: "The Adventures of Pete & Pete" content: "When Petes Collide", when the Petes' father runs four hours to the Canadian border to get rid of his bowling ball, Rolling Thunder. Certain parts of Wellsville were fictionalized for the purposes of the show; Glurt County, mentioned in "Yellow Fever" and "The Good, the Bad and the Lucky", does not exist in any state (the real Wellsville is located in Allegany County, New York). License plates in the show refer to Wellsville being located in the "Sideburn State". The show was filmed largely in South Orange, New Jersey, with location shots done in a variety of other spots around


title: JetBlue content: JetBlue JetBlue Airways Corporation, stylized as jetBlue, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in New York City. A major air carrier and the sixth-largest airline in the United States, JetBlue is headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens, with its main base at John F. Kennedy International Airport. It also maintains corporate offices in Cottonwood Heights, Utah and Orlando, Florida. JetBlue is not a member of any of the three major airline alliances, but, it has codeshare agreements with 21 airlines, including member airlines of oneworld, SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and unaffiliated airlines.


title: JetBlue content: As of May 2018, JetBlue serves 102 destinations (the latest addition being Steamboat Springs, Colorado) in the U.S., Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and South America. JetBlue was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998. David Neeleman founded the company in February 1999, under the name "NewAir". JetBlue started by following Southwest's approach of offering low-cost travel, but sought to distinguish itself by its amenities, such as in-flight entertainment, TV at every seat, and Sirius XM satellite radio. In Neeleman's words, JetBlue looks "to bring humanity back to air travel". In September 1999, the airline was awarded 75 initial take off/landing


title: JetBlue content: not allowed to disembark. However, after all this, the airline was eventually forced to cancel most of its flights because of prevailing weather conditions. The fiasco reportedly cost JetBlue $30 million. In 2007, JetBlue was also facing reliability problems with its Embraer 190 fleet. For a couple months JetBlue contracted ExpressJet to operate four Embraer 145 regional jets on behalf of JetBlue. While this was going on two E-190 aircraft at a time were sent to an Embraer maintenance facility in Nashville, Tennessee. ExpressJet operated routes between Boston Logan and Buffalo, New York and Washington Dulles, and between New York–JFK


title: JetBlue content: 13, 2007, JetBlue and Germany-based Lufthansa announced JetBlue's intent to sell 19% of JetBlue to Lufthansa, pending approval from US regulators. Following the acquisition, Lufthansa stated they plan to seek operational cooperation with JetBlue. Lufthansa plans to offer connections to JetBlue flights in Boston, New York (JFK), and Orlando International Airport (no longer a connection). JetBlue expanded service to the Caribbean, including to St. Maarten and Puerto Plata commencing January 10, 2008. With these additional destinations, JetBlue serves a total of twelve Caribbean/Atlantic destinations including Aruba; Barbados; Bermuda; Cancún; Nassau; Aguadilla; Ponce; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Santiago; and Santo Domingo,


title: JetBlue content: emphasizes competitive fares, service and complimentary onboard amenities such as free satellite television and radio, snacks, and leather seats. On May 21, 2008, JetBlue named Joel Peterson chairman and Frank Sica vice chairman of its board of directors, replacing David Neeleman, who stepped down as CEO in 2007. On August 4, 2008, the Associated Press reported that JetBlue would replace their recycled pillows and blankets with an "ecofriendly" pillow and blanket package that passengers would have to purchase for use. Each package will cost $7, and will include a $5 coupon from retailer Bed, Bath and Beyond. This decision is


title: JetBlue content: South. Additionally, JetBlue and MasterCard have pledged to refund select flight purchases made online at JetBlue.com using a MasterCard. JetBlue has also partnered with various other sports teams and sporting venues in cities they serve. JetBlue also utilizes various forms of advertising media. They use print, online, and television ads as well as advertisements on popular social media sites including Hulu and YouTube. JetBlue emphasizes a secondary slogan, "If you wouldn't take it on the ground, don't take it in the air" poking fun at competitors with hidden fees, little, or no amenities and what JetBlue considers an unacceptable level


title: JetBlue content: Virgin Atlantic and Jet Airways, both of which have since been terminated. Since 2012, JetBlue has had an interlining agreement with Air China. It also established an interline agreement with Porter Airlines connecting from Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport to US destinations through Boston and Newark. JetBlue has entered into a number of codeshare agreements with other airlines, meaning airlines agree to share certain flights, which both airlines market and publish on their own flight schedules under their respective airline designators and flight numbers. JetBlue codeshares with the following airlines: As of November 2018 the JetBlue Airways fleet consists of


title: JetBlue content: JetBlue announced that TrueBlue points will never expire for any reason. The current policy states that if members book a flight online, they can earn double with 6 points per dollar. Flights bought elsewhere result in 3 points per dollar spent. JetBlue Technology Ventures (JTV) is a wholly owned subsidiary of JetBlue that was established in February 2016. JTV is the venture capital arm of JetBlue that invests in and partners with early-stage startups in the travel, hospitality, and transportation space. Its mission is to improve the end-to-end experience of travelers everywhere. As of November 2018, JTV has invested in


title: JetBlue content: became a wholly owned subsidiary until it was sold to Thales for nearly $400 million in June 2014. JetBlue Travel Products is a subsidiary created in 2018 to sell travel insurance, car rentals, and cruise line packages JetBlue JetBlue Airways Corporation, stylized as jetBlue, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in New York City. A major air carrier and the sixth-largest airline in the United States, JetBlue is headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens, with its main base at John F. Kennedy International Airport. It also maintains corporate offices in Cottonwood


title: Okehampton content: Okehampton Okehampton ( also ) is a town and civil parish in West Devon in the English county of Devon. It is situated at the northern edge of Dartmoor, and had a population of 5,922 at the 2011 census. Two electoral wards are based in the town (east and west). Their joint population at the same census is 7,500. Okehampton is 21 miles (33 km) west of Exeter, 26 miles (42 km) north of Plymouth and 24 miles (38 km) south of Barnstaple. Okehampton was founded by the Saxons. The earliest written record of the settlement is from 980 AD


title: "Rose-breasted grosbeak" content: to natural causes, including disease, natural predators and inclement weather go largely unreported. It is known the main cause of nesting failure is predation. Natural predators of eggs and nestlings include blue jays ("Cyanocitta cristata"), common grackles ("Quiscalus quiscula"), raccoons ("Procyon lotor"), gray ("Sciurus carolinensis") and red ("Tamiasciurus hudsonicus") squirrels. Confirmed predators of adults include both Cooper's ("Accipiter cooperii") and sharp-shinned hawks ("Accipiter striatus") as well as northern harriers ("Circus cyaenus"), eastern screech-owls ("Megascops asio") and short-eared owls ("Asio flammeus"). The rose-breasted grosbeak forages in shrubs or trees for insects, seeds and berries, also catching insects in flight and occasionally


title: "Hygienic macro" content: Hygienic macro Hygienic macros are macros whose expansion is guaranteed not to cause the accidental capture of identifiers. They are a feature of programming languages such as Scheme, Dylan and Rust. The general problem of accidental capture was well known within the Lisp community prior to the introduction of hygienic macros. Macro writers would use language features that would generate unique identifiers (e.g., gensym) or use obfuscated identifiers in order to avoid the problem. Hygienic macros are a programmatic solution to the capture problem that is integrated into the macro expander itself. The term "hygiene" was coined in Kohlbecker et


title: "Hygienic macro" content: al.'s 1986 paper that introduced hygienic macro expansion, inspired by the terminology used in mathematics. In programming languages that have non-hygienic macro systems, it is possible for existing variable bindings to be hidden from a macro by variable bindings that are created during its expansion. In C, this problem can be illustrated by the following fragment: Running the above through the C preprocessor produces: The variable a declared in the top scope is shadowed by the a variable in the macro, which introduces a new scope. As a result, it is never altered by the execution of the program, as


title: "Hygienic macro" content: the output of the compiled program shows: The simplest solution is to give the macros variables names that do not conflict with any variable in the current program: Until a variable named INCIa is created, this solution produces the correct output: The problem is solved for the current program, but this solution is not robust. The variables used inside the macro and those in the rest of the program have to be kept in sync by the programmer. Specifically, using the macro INCI on a variable INCIa is going to fail in the same way that the original macro failed


title: "Hygienic macro" content: on a variable a. The "hygiene problem" can extend beyond variable bindings. Consider this Common Lisp macro: While there are no references to variables in this macro, it assumes the symbols "if", "not", and "progn" are all bound to their usual definitions. If, however the above macro is used in the following code: The definition of "not" has been locally altered and so the expansion of my-unless changes. (Redefining standard functions and operators, globally or locally, actually invokes undefined behavior according to ANSI Common Lisp. Such usage can be diagnosed by the implementation as erroneous.) On the other hand, hygienic


title: "Hygienic macro" content: macro systems preserve the lexical scoping of all identifiers (such as "if" and "not") automatically. This property is called referential transparency. Of course, the problem can occur for program-defined functions which are not protected in the same way: The Common Lisp solution to this problem is to use packages. The codice_1 macro can reside in its own package, where codice_2 is a private symbol in that package. The symbol codice_2 occurring in the user code will then be a different symbol, unrelated to the one used in the definition of the codice_1 macro. Meanwhile, languages such as Scheme that use


title: "Hygienic macro" content: of hygiene to the macro writer. This differs from both syntax-rules and syntax-case, which automatically enforce hygiene by default. The swap examples from above are shown here using a syntactic closure and explicit renaming implementation respectively: Hygienic macro Hygienic macros are macros whose expansion is guaranteed not to cause the accidental capture of identifiers. They are a feature of programming languages such as Scheme, Dylan and Rust. The general problem of accidental capture was well known within the Lisp community prior to the introduction of hygienic macros. Macro writers would use language features that would generate unique identifiers (e.g., gensym)


title: "Marc Antony and Pussyfoot" content: the outer fangs. Pussyfoot/Cleo, in contrast, is a petit and extremely cute, blue-eyed black-and-white Tuxedo cat to whom Marc Antony is utterly devoted with motherly passion. The characters seem to be named as an allusion to Marc Antony and Cleopatra, who were lovers detailed in Plutarch's "Parallel Lives". Chuck Jones, the creator, has discussed the efforts to maximize the kitten's sheer adorableness. All head and eyes, it is black with a white face and belly and a white tip on its fluffy tail. Marc Antony is frequently confused with Hector, but they are not the same. Pussyfoot has appeared in


title: "Elephanta Caves" content: shoulder. Another hand (partly broken) gives the semblance of Shiva hugging Parvati, with a head of matted hair. A damaged ornamented drapery covers his lower torso, below the waist. Parvati is carved to the left of Shiva with a coiffured hair dress, fully bedecked with ornaments and jewellery. Between them stands a "gana" (dwarf jester) expressing confused panic as to whether Shiva will be able to contain the mighty river goddess. In the lower left of the panel is a kneeling devout figure in "namaste" posture representing the heroic mythical king Bhagiratha who worked hard to bring the river of


title: Supermoto content: a dirt bike to road legal, as the bike is registered as an recreational vehicle. In Europe, most Supermotos are sold street legal from the factory and later tuned for race use. Supermoto type bikes, sometimes described as motards, make excellent city-goers as their upright seating position provides great visibility in traffic. Their narrow frames and light weight also make them incredibly maneuverable, as well as easier to ride in twisty or less than ideal road conditions that force most sportbike riders to slow down. A number of manufacturers continue to tap into the popularity of supermoto bikes and currently


title: "Music of Belgium" content: late 1940s. Not only was he the first Belgian singer to manage an international breakthrough, he was also the first to use modern equipment, a personal tourbus and a system of artist sponsoring. He also introduced the first country & western recordings in the Low Countries and Germany. In the 1950s Bobbejaan Schoepen recorded his own absolutely crazy folk music often singing in Flemish dialect. He was also a virtuoso whistler. From the late 1960s, Flanders saw a vivid revival of traditional music (and, to a lesser degree, of traditional dances) through the efforts of musicians like Wannes Van de


title: Cleanliness content: Cleanliness Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from germs and dirt, and the habit of achieving and maintaining that state. Cleanliness is often achieved through cleaning. Cleanliness is a good quality, as indicated by the aphorism: "cleanliness is next to godliness", and may be regarded as contributing to other ideals such as 'health' and 'beauty'. In emphasizing an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention, the concept of cleanliness differs from purity, which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom from pollutants. Whereas purity is usually a


title: Cleanliness content: quality of an individual or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension, or implies a system of interactions. "Cleanliness," observed Jacob Burckhardt, "is indispensable to our modern notion of social perfection." A household or workplace may be said to exhibit cleanliness, but not ordinarily purity; cleanliness also would be a characteristic of the people who maintain cleanness or prevent dirtying. On a practical level, cleanliness is thus related to hygiene and disease prevention. Washing is one way of achieving physical cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent. Cleaning procedures are of the utmost importance in many


title: Cleanliness content: forms of manufacturing. As an assertion of Moral superiority or respectability, cleanliness has played a role in establishing cultural values in relation to social class, humanitarianism, and cultural imperialism. Cleanliness is linked with proper hygiene. A person who is said to be clean usually depicts cleanliness. The Bible has many rituals of purification relating to menstruation, childbirth, sexual relations, skin disease, death, and animal sacrifices. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church prescribes several kinds of hand washing for example after leaving the latrine, lavatory or bathhouse, or before prayer, or after eating a meal. The women in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo


title: Cleanliness content: Church are prohibited from entering the church temple during menses; and the men do not enter a church the day after they have had intercourse with their wives. Christianity has always placed a strong emphasis on hygiene, Despite the denunciation of the mixed bathing style of Roman pools by early Christian clergy, as well as the pagan custom of women naked bathing in front of men, this did not stop the Church from urging its followers to go to public baths for bathing, which contributed to hygiene and good health according to the Church Father, Clement of Alexandria. The Church


title: Cleanliness content: also built public bathing facilities that were separate for both sexes near monasteries and pilgrimage sites; also, the popes situated baths within church basilicas and monasteries since the early Middle Ages. Pope Gregory the Great urged his followers on value of bathing as a bodily need. In Hinduism, cleanliness is an important virtue and the "Bhagavad Gita" describes it as one of the divine qualities which one must practice. The Sanskrit word for cleanliness is 'Śaucam'. The "Bhagavad Gita" repeats this word in five slokas at 13.8, 16.3, 16.7, 17.14 and 18.42. "Śrīmad Bhāgavatam" mentioned 'Śaucam' at 1.16.26, 1.17.24 (as


title: Cleanliness content: one of the four legs of Satya Yuga or Golden Age), 1.17.42, 3.28.4 (as spiritual practice), 3.31.33 (those who are addicted to sex life will not understand cleanliness), 4.29.84 (purity of Atman), 7.11.8-12 (one of the thirty qualities to be acquired), 7.11.21 (cleanliness as a characteristic of a Brahmin), 7.11.24 (cleanliness is a quality of the best worker), 11.3.24 (one should learn cleanliness to serve his or her Guru), 11.17.16 (cleanliness is a natural quality of a Brahmin), 11.18.36 (cleanliness as a virtue among those who has realised God), 11.18.43 (quality to be practiced by a householder), 11.21.14 (means of


title: Cleanliness content: cleansing one body and mind), 11.19.36-39 (cleanliness means detachment from desire-prompted actions) 12.2.1 (effects of Kali Yuga on cleanliness). "Srimad Bhagavatam" also recognises cleanliness as one of the thirty qualities which one must acquire to obtain the grace of God and identifies internal and external cleanliness among the twelve regular duties. Cleanliness is also an exalted quality which characterises the Satya Yuga (Golden Age) in Hinduism. As stated by many Hindu scriptures that cleanliness is a way of relative to God. Cleanliness or Śaucam is both internal and external. Hinduism extols not only external cleanliness but also internal cleanliness or


title: Cleanliness content: purity. Since their minds are constantly absorbed in the all-pure Lord, devotees become internally cleansed from the defects of lust, anger, greed, envy, ego, etc. In this state of mind, they naturally prefer to keep the external body and environment pure as well. Thus, in accordance with the old saying, “Cleanliness is next to Godliness,” they are also externally pure. Cleanliness is also a virtue which has to be cultivated by Vedic students and spiritual aspirants. "Srimad Bhagavatam" also explains the internal and external cleanliness as ""My dear Uddhava, general cleanliness, washing the hands, bathing, performing religious services at sunrise,


title: Cleanliness content: noon and sunset, worshiping Me, visiting holy places, chanting japa, avoiding that which is untouchable, uneatable or not to be discussed, and remembering My existence within all living entities as the Paramatman — these principles should be followed by all members of society through regulation of the mind, words and body."" All Hindus must make a visit to the seven sacred rivers. Bathing in these rivers will purify the mind and increase their good merits. Therefore, to invoke the presence of the holy rivers, the following Mantra is chanted before daily bath: "AUM gaṇge ca yamune caiva godāvarī sarasvatī |


title: Cleanliness content: narmade siṇdhu kāverī jalesmin saṃnidhim kuru" In this water, I invoke the presence of holy waters from the rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Sarasvati, Narmada, Sindhu and Kaveri. All Hindus must have taken a bath before entering temples in order to seek blessings. They also wash their feet before entering the temple. In some Orthodox Hindu households, taking a bath after visiting a funeral is required as some hindus believe that it is an inauspicious thing to witness and the in-auspiciousness would follow. This is also related to the pollution of the River Ganges. Hindus also clean their homes particularly well


title: "Ford Falcon (Australia)" content: been reserved for the more up-market variants. The 144-cu-in (2.4-litre) six-cylinder engine was deleted for the XR series, leaving the 170-cu-in (2.8-litre) six as the base Falcon engine. A 200-cu-in (3.3-litre) six was also available. The XR series was initially offered in nine different models: Falcon, Falcon 500, and Fairmont sedans, Falcon, Falcon 500, and Fairmont wagons, Falcon and Falcon 500 utilities, and the Falcon Van. The new wagons shared the wheelbase with the XR sedans, unlike the 1966 US Falcon wagons which featured a wheelbase. The Falcon 500 replaced the Falcon Deluxe of the XP series and the two-door


title: "Volkswagen Polo" content: a top speed of more than 100 mph. This produced and had a quoted top speed of . 0–60 figures stood at 11.1 seconds. Defining features of the GT include red piping in the bumpers, black overhead cloth, a rev counter and a red "GT" badge in the grille. This was succeeded by the launch of the G40 in May 1991, displacing the GT as the most powerful Polo at the time, with a top speed of around 120 mph – rivalling the likes of the Ford Fiesta XR2i, Peugeot 205 GTI and Renault Clio 16v. The GT squareback was


title: "Video tape recorder" content: Video tape recorder A video tape recorder (VTR) is a tape recorder designed to record and playback video and audio material on magnetic tape. The early VTRs are open-reel devices which record on individual reels of 2-inch-wide (5.08 cm) tape. They were used in television studios, serving as a replacement for motion picture film stock and making recording for television applications cheaper and quicker. Beginning in 1963, videotape machines made instant replay during televised sporting events possible. Improved formats, in which the tape was contained inside a videocassette, were introduced around 1969; the machines which play them are called videocassette


title: "Video tape recorder" content: and the Super 8 home motion picture film cartridge in 1966. Before the invention of the video tape recorder, live video was recorded onto motion picture film stock in a process known as telerecording or kinescoping. Although the first quadruplex VTRs record with good quality, the recordings cannot be slowed or freeze-framed, so kinescoping processes continued to be used for about a decade after the development of the first VTRs. In the technique used in all transverse-scan video tape recorders, the recording heads are mounted in a rapidly spinning drum which is pressed against the moving tape, so the heads


title: "Video tape recorder" content: magnetic tapes largely replaced by digital video tape formats. Following this, much of the VTR market, in particular videocassettes and VCRs popular at the consumer level, were also replaced by non-tape media, such as DVD and later Blu-ray optical discs. Video tape recorder technologies include: The Buggles' hit song "Video Killed the Radio Star", the first video ever to air on MTV, contains the lyric "Put the blame on VTR". Video tape recorder A video tape recorder (VTR) is a tape recorder designed to record and playback video and audio material on magnetic tape. The early VTRs are open-reel devices


title: "Golden spike" content: Golden spike The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6-karat gold final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. The term "last spike" has been used to refer to one driven at the usually ceremonial completion of any new railroad construction projects, particularly those in which construction is undertaken from two disparate origins towards a meeting point. The spike is now displayed in the Cantor Arts Center


title: "Golden spike" content: opened by President Franklin D. Roosevelt who inaugurated it by pressing a telegraph key at the White House in Washington, DC. On the same day as the premiere of the movie, a still standing gold-colored concrete spike called the "Golden Spike Monument" and measuring some in height was also unveiled at 21st Street and 9th Avenue in Council Bluffs, IA, adjacent to the UP's main yard, the location of milepost 0.0 of that road's portion of the Pacific Railroad. Golden spike The golden spike (also known as The Last Spike) is the ceremonial 17.6-karat gold final spike driven by Leland


title: Owner-occupancy content: Owner-occupancy Owner-occupancy or home-ownership is a form of housing tenure where a person, called the owner-occupier, owner-occupant, or home owner, owns the home in which he/she lives. This home can be house, apartment, condominium, or a housing cooperative. In addition to providing housing, owner-occupancy also functions as a real estate investment. Some homes are constructed by the owners with the intent to occupy. Many are inherited. A large number are purchased, as new homes from a real estate developer or as an existing home from a previous landlord or owner-occupier. A house is usually the most expensive single purchase an


title: Owner-occupancy content: individual or family makes, and often costs several times the annual household income. Given the high cost, most individuals do not have enough savings on hand to pay the entire amount outright. In developed countries, mortgage loans are available from financial institutions in return for interest. If the home owner fails to meet the agreed repayment schedule, a foreclosure (known as a repossession in some countries) may result. In several government-run home sale programs, such as those run by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, owner-occupants are given preferential consideration on bids offered; some programs such as "Good


title: "Santa Claus parade" content: parade, known today as the Art Van Santa Parade, made history in 1971 when it became the first parade to end with the arrival of an African-American Santa Claus. The Hollywood Christmas Parade (formerly The Santa Claus Lane Parade) in Southern California is a seasonal tradition that somewhat competes with the Rose Parade and the Doo Dah Parade. Gene Autry wrote the well known Christmas song "Here Comes Santa Claus (Right Down Santa Claus Lane)." after hearing children on the Santa Claus Lane Parade route yelling "Here Comes Santa Claus!" upon glimpsing Santa in the distance. As part of its


title: Stuffing content: Stuffing Stuffing or filling is an edible substance or mixture, normally consisting primarily of small cut-up pieces of bread or a similar starch and served as a side dish or used to fill a cavity in another food item while cooking. Many foods may be stuffed, including eggs, poultry, seafood, mammals, and vegetables, but chickens and turkey are the most common. Stuffing serves the dual purpose of helping to keep the meat moist while also adding to the mix of flavours of both the stuffing and the thing it is stuffed in. Poultry stuffing often consists of dried breadcrumbs, onion,


title: Stuffing content: celery, salt, pepper, and other spices and herbs, a popular herb being sage. Giblets are often used. Popular additions in the United Kingdom include dried fruits and nuts (notably apricots and flaked almonds), and chestnuts. It is not known when stuffings were first used. The earliest documentary evidence is the Roman cookbook, "Apicius De Re Coquinaria", which contains recipes for stuffed chicken, dormouse, hare, and pig. Most of the stuffings described consist of vegetables, herbs and spices, nuts, and spelt (an old cereal), and frequently contain chopped liver, brains, and other organ meat. Names for stuffing include "farce" (~1390), "stuffing"


title: Stuffing content: (1538), "forcemeat" (1688), and relatively more recently in the United States; "dressing" (1850). In addition to stuffing the body cavity of animals, including birds, fish, and mammals, various cuts of meat may be stuffed after they have been deboned or a pouch has been cut into them. Popular recipes include stuffed chicken legs, stuffed pork chops, stuffed breast of veal, as well as the traditional holiday stuffed turkey or goose. Many types of vegetables are also suitable for stuffing, after their seeds or flesh has been removed. Tomatoes, capsicums (sweet or hot peppers), vegetable marrows (e.g., zucchini) may be prepared


title: Stuffing content: in this way. Cabbages and similar vegetables can also be stuffed or wrapped around a filling. They are usually blanched first, in order to make their leaves more pliable. Then, the interior may be replaced by stuffing, or small amounts of stuffing may be inserted between the individual leaves. It is sometimes claimed that ancient Roman and medieval cooks stuffed animals with other animals. An anonymous Andalusian cookbook from the 13th century includes a recipe for a ram stuffed with small birds. A similar recipe for a camel stuffed with sheep stuffed with bustards stuffed with carp stuffed with eggs


title: Stuffing content: is mentioned in T.C. Boyle's book "Water Music". British celebrity chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall has championed the ten-bird roast, calling it "one of the most spectacular and delicious roasts you can lay before your loved ones at Yuletide". A large turkey is stuffed with a goose, duck, mallard, guinea fowl, chicken, pheasant, partridge, pigeon, and woodcock. The roast feeds approximately 30 people and, as well as the ten birds, includes stuffing made from two pounds of sausage meat and half a pound of streaky bacon, along with sage, and port and red wine. In the United States and eastern Canada, multi-bird


title: Stuffing content: are used in one traditional stuffing for Thanksgiving. These may also be combined with mashed potatoes, for a heavy stuffing. Fruits and dried fruits can be added to stuffing including apples, apricots, dried prunes, and raisins. In England, a stuffing is sometimes made of minced pork shoulder seasoned with various ingredients, sage, onion, bread, chestnuts, dried apricots, dried cranberries etc. The stuffing mixture may be cooked separately and served as a side dish. This may still be called stuffing or it may be called dressing. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that cooking animals with a body cavity


title: Stuffing content: filled with stuffing can present potential food safety issues. These can occur because when the meat reaches a safe temperature, the stuffing inside can still harbor bacteria (and if the meat is cooked until the stuffing reaches a safe temperature, the meat may be overcooked). For turkeys, for instance, the USDA recommends cooking stuffing/dressing separately from the bird and not buying pre-stuffed birds. (Stuffing is never recommended for turkeys to be fried, grilled, microwaved, or smoked). Stuffing Stuffing or filling is an edible substance or mixture, normally consisting primarily of small cut-up pieces of bread or a similar starch and


title: "Limit cardinal" content: Limit cardinal In mathematics, limit cardinals are certain cardinal numbers. A cardinal number λ is a weak limit cardinal if λ is neither a successor cardinal nor zero. This means that one cannot "reach" λ from another cardinal by repeated successor operations. These cardinals are sometimes called simply "limit cardinals" when the context is clear. A cardinal λ is a strong limit cardinal if λ cannot be reached by repeated powerset operations. This means that λ is nonzero and, for all κ < λ, 2 < λ. Every strong limit cardinal is also a weak limit cardinal, because κ ≤


title: "Black rhinoceros" content: Black rhinoceros The black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros ("Diceros bicornis") is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the rhinoceros is referred to as "black", its colors vary from brown to grey. The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word ' (Dutch ') meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black


title: "Black rhinoceros" content: on season and the availability of food and water. Generally they have smaller home ranges and larger density in habitats that have plenty of food and water available, and vice versa if resources are not readily available. Sex and age of an individual black rhino influence home range and size, with ranges of females larger than those of males, especially when accompanied by a calf. In the Serengeti home ranges are around , while in the Ngorongoro it is between . Black rhinos have also been observed to have a certain area they tend to visit and rest frequently called


title: "Fall front desk" content: Fall front desk The fall front desk can be considered the cousin of the secretary desk. Both have a main working surface or desktop which does double duty as a cover to seal up papers and other items located in small shelves or small drawers placed one on top of the other in front of the user. Thus, all working papers, documents and other items have to be stored before the desk is closed. Unlike the secretary desk, the fall front desk's desktop panel is in a perfectly vertical position when in its closed position. Often, there are no additional


title: "Fall front desk" content: shelves or drawers above the section which is enclosed by the desktop. Thus, the fall front desk is identical in shape to a Bargueño desk which would have been placed on a stand of drawers, or more precisely to the form known as Desk on a chest or as "chest-on chest". The fall front desk is also called a drop front desk or drop-front desk, and sometimes also a drop lid desk. Scrutoire and scriptoire are ancient variations. The "secrétaire à abattant" is a nearly identical form, but usually in a French style such as Louis XV, Art Deco, etc.


title: "Fall front desk" content: In the early 19th century, Shaker communities produced a tall and plain variation which is often known as a "cupboard desk". Fall front desk The fall front desk can be considered the cousin of the secretary desk. Both have a main working surface or desktop which does double duty as a cover to seal up papers and other items located in small shelves or small drawers placed one on top of the other in front of the user. Thus, all working papers, documents and other items have to be stored before the desk is closed. Unlike the secretary desk, the


title: "Economic stratification" content: Economic stratification Economic stratification refers to the condition within a society where social classes are separated, or stratified, along economic lines. Various economic strata or levels are clearly manifest. While in any system individual members will have varying degrees of wealth, economic stratification typically refers to the condition where there are meaningful gaps between the wealth controlled by various groups, and few instances in the transitional regions. Economic stratification should not be confused with the related concept, economic inequality. This deals with the range of wealth, rather than the existence of distinct strata. Economic inequality and economic stratification can coincide,


title: Dyrehavsbakken content: required to join. The entertainment options also improved over time. Cabarets such as Sansouci, which opened in 1866, and Bakkens Hvile, which opened in 1877, became increasingly popular. The 20th century brought other popular ventures, such as the Circus Revue and automated moving rides. Over time, more modern rides and entertainment options have been introduced. Bakken may have started as a place to get clean spring water, but today it is a thriving amusement park filled with modern rides and amenities. Bakken is home to six roller coasters, the most famous of which is "Rutschebanen" (Danish for "The Roller Coaster"),


title: "Terek sandpiper" content: wash its catch. It lays three or four eggs in a lined ground scrape. The Terek sandpiper likes to associate with ruddy turnstones ("Arenaria interpres"), smallish calidrids, and "Charadrius" (but maybe not "Pluvialis") plovers; a vagrant bird at Paraty (Rio de Janeiro state) was noted to pair up with a spotted sandpiper ("Actitis macularius"). Thus it may be that the Terek sandpiper under natural conditions may mate with common sandpiper ("A. hypoleucos"), the Old World sister species of spotted sandpiper ("A. macularius"). As hybridisation in shorebirds is extremely commonplace and "Actitis" is among the closer relatives of the Terek sandpiper,


title: "Triangular matrix" content: algorithm, an invertible matrix may be written as the product of a lower triangular matrix "L" and an upper triangular matrix "U" if and only if all its leading principal minors are non-zero. A matrix of the form is called a lower triangular matrix or left triangular matrix, and analogously a matrix of the form is called an upper triangular matrix or right triangular matrix. A lower or left triangular matrix is commonly denoted with the variable "L", and an upper or right triangular matrix is commonly denoted with the variable "U" or "R". A matrix that is both upper


title: "Triangular matrix" content: to as a Borel subalgebra of the Lie algebra of all square matrices. All these results hold if "upper triangular" is replaced by "lower triangular" throughout; in particular the lower triangular matrices also form a Lie algebra. However, operations mixing upper and lower triangular matrices do not in general produce triangular matrices. For instance, the sum of an upper and a lower triangular matrix can be any matrix; the product of a lower triangular with an upper triangular matrix is not necessarily triangular either. This matrix is upper triangular and this matrix is lower triangular. If the entries on the


title: "Triangular matrix" content: the inverse matrix by their additive inverses. The matrix is atomic lower triangular. Its inverse is A matrix which is simultaneously triangular and normal is also diagonal. This can be seen by looking at the diagonal entries of "A""A" and "AA", where "A" is a normal, triangular matrix. The transpose of an upper triangular matrix is a lower triangular matrix and vice versa. The determinant of a triangular matrix equals the product of the diagonal entries. Since for any triangular matrix "A" the matrix formula_13, whose determinant is the characteristic polynomial of "A", is also triangular, the diagonal entries of


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: Room-temperature superconductor A room-temperature superconductor is a hypothetical material that would be capable of exhibiting superconductivity at operating temperatures above 0 °C (273.15 K). While this is not strictly "room temperature", which would be approximately 20–25 °C, it is the temperature at which ice forms and can be reached and easily maintained in an everyday environment. The highest temperature known superconducting material is highly pressurized hydrogen sulfide, the transition temperature of which is , the highest accepted superconducting critical temperature as of 2015. By substituting a small part of sulfur with phosphorus and using even higher pressures, it has been


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: predicted that it may be possible to raise the critical temperature to above 0 °C and achieve room-temperature superconductivity. Previously the record was held by the cuprates, which have demonstrated superconductivity at atmospheric pressure at temperatures as high as , and under high pressure. Although some researchers doubt whether room-temperature superconductivity is actually achievable, superconductivity has repeatedly been discovered at temperatures that were previously unexpected or held to be impossible. Claims of "near-room temperature" transient effects date from the early 1950s and some suggest that in fact the breakthrough might have been made more than once but could not be


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: made stable enough and/or reproducible as the relationship between isotope number and T was not known at the time. Finding a room temperature superconductor "would have enormous technological importance and, for example, help to solve the world’s energy problems, provide for faster computers, allow for novel memory-storage devices, and enable ultra-sensitive sensors, among many other possibilities." Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductors, several materials have been reported to be room-temperature superconductors, although none of these reports has been confirmed. In 2000, while extracting electrons from diamond during ion implantation work, Johan Prins claimed to have observed a phenomenon that he


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: explained as room-temperature superconductivity within a phase formed on the surface of oxygen-doped type IIa diamonds in a vacuum. In 2003, a group of researchers published results on high-temperature superconductivity in palladium hydride (PdH: x>1) and an explanation in 2004. In 2007 the same group published results suggesting a superconducting transition temperature of 260 K. The superconducting critical temperature increases as the density of hydrogen inside the palladium lattice increases. This work has not been corroborated by other groups. In 2012, an "Advanced Materials" article claimed superconducting behavior of graphite powder after treatment with pure water at temperatures as high


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: as 300 K and above.[Unreliable source] So far, the authors have not been able to demonstrate the occurrence of a clear Meissner phase and the vanishing of the material's resistance. In 2014, an article published in "Nature" suggested that some materials, notably YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide), could be made to superconduct at room temperature using infrared laser pulses. In 2015, an article published in "Nature" by researchers of the Max Planck Institute suggested that under certain conditions such as extreme pressure HS transitioned to a superconductive form HS at around 1.5 million times atmospheric pressure in a diamond anvil


title: "Room-temperature superconductor" content: cell. The critical temperature is 203 K which would be the highest T ever recorded and their research suggests that other hydrogen compounds could superconduct at up to 260 K which would match up with the original research of Ashcroft. In 2018, Dev Kumar Thapa and Anshu Pandey from the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore claimed the observation of superconductivity at ambient pressure and room temperature in films and pellets of a nanostructured material that is composed of silver particles embedded in a gold matrix. Due to similar noise patterns of


title: "Black Diamond Cheese" content: Black Diamond Cheese Black Diamond Cheese Limited is a cheese manufacturing company in Canada. Black Diamond employs approximately 470 people at its factory in Belleville, Ontario, and its products can be found at most major retailers in Canada. The company has been owned by Parmalat Canada since 1998. In the United States, the brand is licensed to DCI Cheese in Wisconsin. Black Diamond was established in 1933 by Robert F. Hart. Founded under the name "Belleville Cheddar Cheese Limited", its original purpose was to export aged Canadian cheddar to the British market. Black Diamond was purchased by Brooke Bond in


title: "Black Diamond Cheese" content: 1968. In 1984, Brooke Bond became part of Unilever, which divested Black Diamond to Canada Packers in 1987. Canada Packers then sold the plant to major dairy Ault Foods in 1991. Black Diamond Cheese Black Diamond Cheese Limited is a cheese manufacturing company in Canada. Black Diamond employs approximately 470 people at its factory in Belleville, Ontario, and its products can be found at most major retailers in Canada. The company has been owned by Parmalat Canada since 1998. In the United States, the brand is licensed to DCI Cheese in Wisconsin. Black Diamond was established in 1933 by Robert


title: Parmalat content: was sentenced to 10 years in prison for fraud relating to the collapse of the dairy group. The other seven defendants, including executives and bankers, were acquitted. Another eight defendants settled out of court in September 2008. In September 2009, three lawsuits by Parmalat Capital Finance Ltd. and Enrico Bondi, CEO of Parmalat, against Bank of America and auditors Grant Thornton were dismissed. Parmalat Parmalat SpA is an Italian multinational dairy and food corporation. Having become the leading global company in the production of long-life milk using ultra-high-temperature processing, the company collapsed in 2003 with a €14bn ($20bn; £13bn) hole


title: "Susan Collins" content: for Caribbean countries on "compliance with internationally recognized labor rights". Collins coauthored, along with Senator Joe Lieberman (D-CT/I-CT), the Collins-Lieberman Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. This law implemented many of the recommendations of the 9-11 Commission, modernizing and improving America's intelligence systems. In October 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law major port security legislation coauthored by Collins and Washington Senator Patty Murray. The new law includes major provisions to significantly strengthen security at US ports. As ranking member of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, Collins and committee Chairman Joe Lieberman voiced concerns about


title: Medal content: starting at perhaps four inches across, and are, as such, usually too large to be worn very comfortably, though in colloquial use, "medallion" is often used to refer to a medal used as the pendant of a necklace (as in the medallion man fashion style of the 1960s and 1970s), or for other types of medals. Medallions may also be called "table medals" because they are too large to be worn and can only be displayed on a wall, table top, desk, or cabinet. Numismatists divide medals into at least seven classes: First attested in English in 1578, the word


title: "Rice cooker" content: The prices vary greatly, depending on the capacity, features, materials used, and the country of origin. The majority of modern electric rice cookers are equipped with a stay-warm or keep-warm feature, which keeps the rice at an optimal temperature for serving without over-cooking it. Some gas cookers also have electric stay-warm mechanism. However, the usefulness of this feature degrades over time, a microwave may be more energy efficient or better suited to reheat rice that will sit longer than four hours. Some rice cookers use induction heating, with one or more induction heaters directly warming the pot. This can improve


title: "Rice cooker" content: grain shape, and grain composition. There are three main types of Asian rice: "Oryza sativa" subsp. indica, i.e., Indian rice (long grain rice, e.g., basmati rice and Thai jasmine rice), "O. sativa subsp. javanica", i.e., Java rice (large grain rice) and "O. sativa subsp. japonica", i.e., Japanese rice (medium grain rice, e.g., Calrose rice, short grain rice, e.g., most Japanese rice and risotto rice). African rice, "Oryza glaberrima", is an entirely separate species, but can be cooked in the same way. Zizania is not even in the same genus, although it is often called a rice (or "water oats"); it


title: "Rice cooker" content: was often necessary to move the cooked rice to heat-insulated serving containers. In 1965, Zojirushi Thermos company started selling electric rice cookers with a stay-warm function, using a semi-conductor heat regulator. The product sold 2,000,000 units per year. Other makers soon followed suit. The stay-warm function can typically keep rice warm for up to 24 hours at a temperature high enough to suppress growth of "Bacillus cereus", a cause of food poisoning. Another notable improvement was the use of electric timers. In simple models, a mechanical thermostat is used to turn off the cooker when the rice is ready. Since


title: "Sharp-tailed sandpiper" content: Sharp-tailed sandpiper The sharp-tailed sandpiper ("Calidris acuminata") (but see below) is a small wader. A review of data has indicated that this bird should perhaps better be placed into the genus "Philomachus" – as "P. acuminatus" – which now contains only the ruff but if the sharp-tailed sandpiper is merged into it would need to accommodate the broad-billed sandpiper. While the latter is a peculiar calidrid, the sharp-tailed sandpiper is much more similar to other "Calidris"/"Erolia" species such as the pectoral sandpiper. On the one hand, its larger size and long-legged stance, and the breast pattern which gradually fades away