title: Federalist No. 70 section title: The Anti-Federalist Papers and opposition to the Constitution hierarchical section title: Federalist No. 70 / Contemporaneous opposition to the unitary executive / The Anti-Federalist Papers and opposition to the Constitution caption reference description: George Mason, considered one of the Founding Fathers, recommended a privy council for the executive branch. caption attribution description: Portrait of George Mason (1725-1792), American patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the "Father of the Bill of Rights". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the "Founding Fathers" of the United States. content: Federalist No. 70, titled "The Executive Department Further Considered", is an essay written by Alexander Hamilton arguing for the unitary executive provided for in the United States Constitution. It was originally published on March 15, 1788 in The New York Packet under the pseudonym Publius as part of The Federalist Papers and as the fourth in Hamilton's series of eleven essays discussing executive power.
Hamilton argues that unity in the executive branch is a main ingredient for both energy and safety. Energy arises from the proceedings of a single person, characterized by, "decision, activity, secrecy, and dispatch," while safety arises from the unitary executive's unconcealed accountability to the people.


title: List of awards and nominations received by Tracey Ullman hierarchical section title: List of awards and nominations received by Tracey Ullman caption attribution description: Tracey Ullman at the 41st Emmy Awards 9/17/89 content: This is a list of awards and nominations for Tracey Ullman. Ullman has garnered a multitude of awards and nominations for her work in television, film, music, and theater.


title: 310 hierarchical section title: 310 caption reference description: King Shapur II the Great caption attribution description: English: Coin of Shapur II, Sasanian king, Heavy Dinar. Sind mint فارسی: سکهٔ طلا منقوش به شاپور دوم پادشاه ساسانی content: Year 310 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Andronicus and Probus. The denomination 310 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.


title: Indigenous peoples in Canada section title: Culture hierarchical section title: Indigenous peoples in Canada / Culture caption reference description: Tsuu T'ina children at a parade caption attribution description: Tsuu T'ina children in traditional costume at a Stampede Parade caption alt text description: Colour photograph of Tsuu T'ina children in traditional costume on horseback at a Stampede Parade in front of an audience content: Indigenous Canadians are the Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada. They comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Although "Indian" is a term still commonly used in legal documents, the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have somewhat fallen into disuse in Canada, and some consider them to be pejorative. "Aboriginal" as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including the Constitution Act, 1982, though in some circles that word is also falling into disfavour.
Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are some of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Canada. The Paleo-Indian Clovis, Plano and Pre-Dorset cultures pre-date current indigenous peoples of the Americas. Projectile point tools, spears, pottery, bangles, chisels and scrapers mark archaeological sites, thus distinguishing cultural periods, traditions, and lithic reduction styles.
The characteristics of Canadian Indigenous culture included permanent settlements, agriculture, civic and ceremonial architecture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks.


title: Louis Armstrong hierarchical section title: Louis Armstrong caption attribution description: English: Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops  content: Louis Armstrong nicknamed Satchmo or Pops was an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana. He sang the blues and played the trumpet and the cornet. He was famous in many countries. He was also known for his good singing voice and he also encouraged the style of scat to the jazz world. Armstrong won many awards during his career.
He died of a heart attack in July 6, 1971 in Corona, Queens, New York City.


title: Michele Carey hierarchical section title: Michele Carey caption reference description: Michele Carey caption attribution description: English: Michele Carey in trailer for "El Dorado" (1966) content: Michele Carey was an American actress. She was known for her role as Josephine "Joey" MacDonald in the 1966 movie El Dorado. She appeared in movies in the 1960s and 1970s. She was born in Annapolis, Maryland. He also starred in Live a Little, Love a Little, The Sweet Ride, and Dirty Dingus Magee.
Carey died in Newport Beach, California on November 21, 2018 at the age of 75.


title: Metropolitan Transition Center hierarchical section title: Metropolitan Transition Center caption reference description: Maryland Penitentiary, Gate 3 caption attribution description: English: Old Maryland Penitentiary building in Baltimore; viewed at Eager St. & Forrest St. content: The Maryland Metropolitan Transition Center, formerly known as the historic "Maryland Penitentiary", is a maximum pre-trial security Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services prison located in Baltimore facing Greenmount Avenue between Forrest Street and East Madison Street. It was established in 1811 as the first prison in the state and the second of its kind in the country and the original buildings faced towards East Madison Street above the east bank of the Jones Falls stream and adjacent to the old stone walls of the Baltimore City Jail, earlier established in 1801, rebuilt in 1857-1859, and later in 1959-1965.
Now known as the MTC, the prison still houses Maryland's now decommissioned death chamber. The Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center, across the road, housed male "death row" inmates until June 2010, when they were moved to the North Branch Correctional Institution near Cumberland, Maryland in the western portion of the state in Allegany County, Maryland.


title: Jewish Center of Coney Island hierarchical section title: Jewish Center of Coney Island caption reference description: Jewish Center of Coney Island, September 2014 caption attribution description: English: Jewish Center of Coney Island This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 13000908 content: Jewish Center of Coney Island, also known as the Jewish Center of Brighton Beach, is a historic synagogue and community center located in the Brighton Beach neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. The synagogue was built in 1929–1930, and is a four-story-with-basement trapezoidal shaped building in the Renaissance Revival style. The front facade is clad in golden-colored stone and features a grand staircase and second story loggia. The building is capped by a hipped roof of red tile.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.


title: Royal eponyms in Canada section title: King George V hierarchical section title: Royal eponyms in Canada / Eponymous royalty / King George V caption attribution description: King George 1923title QS:P1476,en:"King George 1923" label QS:Len,"King George 1923" content: In Canada, a number of sites and structures are named for royal individuals, whether a member of the past French Royal Family, British Royal Family, or present Canadian Royal Family thus reflecting the country's status as a constitutional monarchy under the Canadian Crown. Those who married into the royal family are indicated by an asterisk.


title: Eagle, Globe, and Anchor section title: Current emblem and seal hierarchical section title: Eagle, Globe, and Anchor / Current emblem and seal caption reference description: United States Marine Corps seal content: The Eagle, Globe, and Anchor is the official emblem and insignia of the United States Marine Corps. It is commonly referred to as an EGA The current emblem traces its roots in the designs and ornaments of the early Continental Marines as well as the United Kingdom's Royal Marines. The present emblem, adopted in 1955, differs from the emblem of 1868 only by a change in the eagle. Before that time many devices, ornaments, ribbons, and distinguishing marks followed one another as official badges of the corps.


title: High-speed rail in Belgium hierarchical section title: High-speed rail in Belgium caption reference description: High-speed rail in Belgium and the Netherlands caption attribution description: English: High-speed rail in the Benelux. Nederlands: Hogesnelheidslijnen in de Benelux. Français : Les lignes à grande vitesse dans le Benelux. content: Belgium's high-speed rail network provides mostly international connections from Brussels to France, Germany and The Netherlands. The high-speed network began with the opening of the HSL 1 to France in 1997, and since then high-speed lines have been extended towards Germany with HSL 2 in 2002, HSL 3 from Liège to the German border in 2009, and HSL 4 from Antwerp to the Dutch border in 2009.


title: L. Ron Hubbard bibliography section title: Short story collections hierarchical section title: L. Ron Hubbard bibliography / Short story collections caption reference description: Hubbard's novella "The Kingslayer" was reprinted in Two Complete Science-Adventure Books in 1950 after its original publication in a 1949 Hubbard collection caption attribution description: English: Cover of the Winter 1950 issue of Two Complete Science Adventure Books content: The following is a partial bibliography of the writings of L. Ron Hubbard.


title: List of parishes of the Isle of Man section title: Parishes hierarchical section title: List of parishes of the Isle of Man / Parishes caption attribution description: English: Castle Rushen seen across Castletown Harbour at low tide. The Castle Arms (or Glue Pot) pub is the white building in the foreground of the Castle. Photo cropped to remove clutter. content: The Isle of Man, a self-governing British Crown Dependency, in the Irish Sea, was until May 2016 divided into 24 districts for administrative purposes. These were 15 parishes, 4 towns and 5 villages, each forming the lowest unit of local government in the Isle of Man.
In May 2016, the three districts of Laxey, Lonan and Maughold merged for administrative purposes to form the parish district of Garff. The total number of administrative districts thus reduced to 22, formally made up of four towns; two "districts"; two "villages"; and 14 "parishes".


title: Fougères section title: Château hierarchical section title: Fougères / Heritage / Château caption reference description: Château de Fougères caption attribution description: Tour Nichot des remparts de Fougères content: Fougères is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine department in the region of Brittany, northwestern France.
Its inhabitants are called the Fougerais. In a 2014 census, Fougères had 20,189 inhabitants. The Fougères area comprises approximately 88,000 inhabitants and is currently growing, unlike the town centre.


title: Ayacucho section title: History hierarchical section title: Ayacucho / History caption reference description: Art from Ayacucho called Huamanga Stone. caption attribution description: Español: Piedra de Huamanga - Ayacucho content: Ayacucho is the capital city of Ayacucho Region and of Huamanga Province, Ayacucho Region, Peru.
During the Inca Empire and Viceroyalty of Peru periods the city was known by the name of Huamanga, and it continues to be the alternative name of the city.
The city's name was officially changed to Ayacucho after a major victory of the revolutionary army led by Bolívar's lieutenants against the royalists.
Simón Bolívar issued the decree on February 15, 1825, changing the name from "Huamanga" to "Ayacucho", referring to a major battle for independence that established once and for all the total independence of the nascent Peruvian Republic, as stated by Bolivar's decree, "Obtained the victory in... Huamanga, its name must be changed, in a way that perennially reminds those inhabitants the origin of their freedom." The name Ayacucho is derived from the Quechua words aya and k'uchu in honor of the battle's casualties.
Ayacucho is famous for its 33 churches, which represent one for each year of Jesus' life. Ayacucho has large religious celebrations, especially during the Holy Week of Easter.


title: Mollisol hierarchical section title: Mollisol caption reference description: A Mollisol profile content: Mollisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. Mollisols form in semi-arid to semi-humid areas, typically under a grassland cover. They are most commonly found in the mid-latitudes, namely in North America, mostly east of the Rocky Mountains, in South America in Argentina and Brazil, and in Asia in Mongolia and the Russian Steppes. Their parent material is typically base-rich and calcareous and include limestone, loess, or wind-blown sand. The main processes that lead to the formation of grassland Mollisols are melanisation, decomposition, humification and pedoturbation.
Mollisols have deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil, typically between 60 and 80 cm in depth. This fertile surface horizon, known as a mollic epipedon, is the defining diagnostic feature of Mollisols. Mollic epipedons result from the long-term addition of organic materials derived from plant roots, and typically have soft, granular soil structure.
Mollisols occur in savannahs and mountain valleys. These environments have historically been strongly influenced by fire and abundant pedoturbation from organisms such as ants and earthworms.


title: Battle of Kakarong de Sili section title: Views of Kakarong de Sili hierarchical section title: Battle of Kakarong de Sili / Views of Kakarong de Sili caption attribution description: English: Pandi, Bulacan[1][2] content: The Battle of Kakarong de Sili was fought on January 1, 1897, at Pandi, Bulacan, in the Philippines. The Kakarong Republic, based in the little fort in Pandi, was attacked by a force of Spaniards who massacred the Katipuneros there. At the end of the battle, General Eusebio Roque was captured by the Spaniards. The Kakarong republic was considered the first republic formed in Bulacan and in the Philippines.


title: The Beatles' 1965 UK tour section title: Tour history hierarchical section title: The Beatles' 1965 UK tour / Tour history caption reference description: The Liverpool Empire – the venue for the Beatles' final concert in their former hometown caption attribution description: English: The Empire Theatre, Lime Street, Liverpool content: The Beatles' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965, comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England, Scotland and Wales. It coincided with the release of the Beatles' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single "Day Tripper" / "We Can Work It Out", and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band. Weary of Beatlemania, the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963–64 and 1964–65 holiday seasons.


title: Operation Compass section title: Derna–Mechili hierarchical section title: Operation Compass / Pursuit / Derna–Mechili caption reference description: Tobruk–Agedabia, 1940–1941 caption attribution description: English: A map of northern Cyrenaica (Libya) featuring the Via Balbia and Tobruk Agedabia road.    Via Balbia    Tobruk-Agedabia road content: Operation Compass was the first large British military operation of the Western Desert Campaign during the Second World War. British, Indian, Commonwealth and Allied forces attacked Italian forces of the 10th Army in western Egypt and Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya, from December 1940 to February 1941.
The Western Desert Force with about 36,000 men, advanced from Mersa Matruh in Egypt on a five-day raid against the Italian positions of the 10th Army, which had about 150,000 men in fortified posts around Sidi Barrani in Egypt and in Cyrenaica. The WDF swiftly defeated the Italians in their fortified posts and at Sidi Barrani and the British exploited their success, forcing the rest of the 10th Army out of Egypt and capturing the ports along the Libyan coast. The 10th Army was cut off as it retreated towards Tripolitania and defeated at the Battle of Beda Fomm, the remnants being pursued to El Agheila on the Gulf of Sirte.
The British took over 138,000 Italian and Libyan prisoners, hundreds of tanks, and more than 1,000 guns and many aircraft, against WDF losses of 1,900 men killed and wounded, about 10 per cent of the infantry.


title: Zanzibar section title: Ports hierarchical section title: Zanzibar / Transport / Maritime transport / Ports caption reference description: Zanzibar Harbour caption attribution description: English: Zanzibar harbour content: Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site.
Zanzibar's main industries are spices, raffia, and tourism. In particular, the islands produce cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and black pepper. For this reason, the Zanzibar Archipelago, together with Tanzania's Mafia Island, are sometimes referred to locally as the "Spice Islands".
Zanzibar is the home of the endemic Zanzibar red colobus, the Zanzibar servaline genet, and the extinct or rare Zanzibar leopard.


title: Governor of New South Wales section title: History hierarchical section title: Governor of New South Wales / History caption reference description: The copy of the Australia Act 1986 (UK) bearing the Queen's signature, now displayed in Canberra. caption attribution description: English: Photo of the Australia Act 1986 document, as located in en:Parliament House, Canberra. content: The Governor of New South Wales is the viceregal representative of the Australian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, in the state of New South Wales. In an analogous way to the Governor-General of Australia at the national level, the Governors of the Australian states perform constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level. The governor is appointed by the queen on the advice of the premier of New South Wales, for an unfixed period of time—known as serving At Her Majesty's pleasure—though five years is the norm. The current governor is retired judge Margaret Beazley, who succeeded David Hurley on 2 May 2019.
The office has its origin in the 18th-century colonial governors of New South Wales upon its settlement in 1788, and is the oldest continuous institution in Australia. The present incarnation of the position emerged with the Federation of Australia and the New South Wales Constitution Act 1902, which defined the viceregal office as the governor acting by and with the advice of the Executive Council of New South Wales.


title: Waterway Point section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Waterway Point / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Day view of Waterway Point in Jan of 2016. content: Waterway Point is a suburban shopping mall located in the town centre of Punggol New Town, Singapore, next to Punggol MRT/LRT station. The mall was built as part of Punggol's first integrated waterfront residential and retail development, Watertown. It is the first mall in Singapore to be integrated with a town square and a visitors’ centre which provides an avenue for residents and the public to learn more about the heritage of Punggol through exhibitions and civic and community events. The mall had a soft launch on 18 January 2016, and was officially opened on 19 April that year.


title: New York State Route 631 section title: Route description hierarchical section title: New York State Route 631 / Route description caption reference description: NY 631 northbound on Willett Parkway, just north of NY 31 caption attribution description: New York State Route 631 northbound on Willett Parkway in Lysander, just north of the route's intersection with New York State Route 31. content: New York State Route 631 is a north–south state highway in Onondaga County, New York, in the United States. It serves as a bypass around the village of Baldwinsville, extending for just over 5 miles from an intersection with NY 370 in the southeastern part of the village to a junction with NY 48 and NY 690 just north of Baldwinsville in the town of Lysander. The route has a short overlap with NY 31 east of the village. Most of the route is two lanes wide and passes through rural areas around the edge of Baldwinsville, while a part near the Lysander community of Radisson is four lanes wide and serves residential and commercial neighborhoods.
A bypass of Baldwinsville had been proposed as early as the 1970s. The earliest concepts for the road called for a long highway connecting NY 690 south of the village to NY 481 in Clay, east of Lysander. After two decades of planning and community input, the New York State Department of Transportation presented four potential alignments for a scaled-back route running from NY 48 to NY 31 in 1994. Although an alignment encircling the village limits was chosen within four years, work on the project was stalled due to a lack of funding.


title: Mount VX-6 section title: Discovery and naming hierarchical section title: Mount VX-6 / Discovery and naming caption reference description: Map depicting the location of Mount VX-6 in Victoria Land, East Antarctica caption attribution description: Deutsch: Physische Positionskarte Antarktis, Mittabstandstreue Azimutalprojektion English: Physical Location map Antarctica, Azimuthal equidistant projection Longitude of central meridian: 0° Latitude of projection origin: -90° Tangent latitude at the map boundaries: -60°; geographic limits of the map: -135°,-47.57359° to 45°,-47.57359° caption alt text description: Mount VX-6 is located in Antarctica content: Mount VX-6 is a distinctive, sharp mountain, 2,185 metres, standing 4 nautical miles north of Minaret Nunatak in the Monument Nunataks in Victoria Land, East Antarctica.


title: Paratinga hierarchical section title: Paratinga caption reference description: Travessa Durval Pereira Brito caption attribution description: Português: Rua Travessa Durval Pereira Brito em Paratinga. Foto de 16 de janeiro de 2017. caption alt text description: Travessa Durval Pereira Brito content: Paratinga is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. Paratinga covers 2,624 km², and has a population of 32,452 with a population density of 12 inhabitants per square kilometer.


title: Peacekeeper Park section title: Description hierarchical section title: Peacekeeper Park / Description caption reference description: Location of Peackeeper Park in Calgary caption attribution description: English: Outline map of Calgary. caption alt text description: Peacekeeper Park is located in Calgary content: Peacekeeper Park is an urban park in Calgary, Alberta. The park is located in the neighbourhood of North Glenmore, on the former grounds of Canadian Forces Base Calgary. The park includes a memorial wall with the names of Canadian Forces members who have given their lives on peacekeeping and peace support missions with the United Nations, NATO and other organizations since the end of the Second World War, including the current mission in Afghanistan.


title: Congregation of Jesus section title: History hierarchical section title: Congregation of Jesus / History caption reference description: Mary Ward, foundress caption attribution description: Portrait of Mary Ward content: The Congregation of Jesus is one of two congregations of Religious Sisters founded during the 17th century through the work of the nun Mary Ward, who was dedicated to female education. The other congregation is the Sisters of Loreto, a name they shared until recently, which is also spread widely around the world. In England their primary house is The Bar Convent in York, the oldest such community in the country. Members of the congregation add the postnominal initials of C.J. or CJ after their names.


title: Fernkloof Nature Reserve hierarchical section title: Fernkloof Nature Reserve caption reference description: Fernkloof in August caption attribution description: Afrikaans: Fernkloof Natuurreservaat in Augustus English: Fernkloof Nature Reserve in August content: Fernkloof Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Kleinrivier Mountains above Hermanus, Western Cape Province, South Africa. It is 1,800 hectares in area and its altitude ranges from sea level to 842 metres.
The reserve harbours over 1300 species of plant.
Here is a complete list, many with photos, of all plant species found in Fernkloof Nature Reserve.
The Fernkloof Nature Reserve comprises 0.002% of the area of the Cape Floral Kingdom but contains 14% of its plant species in just 18 square kilometres. More info here


title: Benguela section title: Portuguese rule hierarchical section title: Benguela / History / Portuguese rule caption reference description: 17th century map of Benguela. caption attribution description: Nederlands: In zijn Atlas Maior die in 1662 in 11 delen verscheen, nam Joan Blaeu (1598-1673) 7 nieuwe kaarten van Afrika op. Het is veelal onduidelijk aan welke bronnen Blaeu die informatie ontleende. Dat geldt niet voor deze kaart van de benedenloop van de rivier de Zaire. De kaart werd vermoedelijk samengesteld naar informatie die Blaeu verkreeg van de Nederlandse ontdekkingsreiziger Jan van Herden. English: In his Atlas Maior, published in 1662 in 11 volumes, Joan Blaeu (1598-1673) included 7 new maps of Afric. Blaeus sources for these maps are unknown. However, we do know the source for the lower Zaire river. Blaeu probable created the map after information from the Dutch explorer Jan van Herden. content: Benguela is a city in western Angola, capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's most populous cities with a population of 555,124 in the city and 561,775 in the municipality, at the 2014 census.


title: Krulak–Mendenhall mission section title: Debate hierarchical section title: Krulak–Mendenhall mission / Report and debriefing / Debate caption reference description: Ngô Đình Nhu (pictured right) meeting US Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson caption attribution description: English: Vice President Lyndon B Johnson meets Ngo Dinh Nhu at Gia Long Palace, Saigon. caption alt text description: Tall Caucasian man standing in profile at left in a white suit and tie shakes hands with a smaller black-haired Asian man in a white shirt, dark suit and tie. content: The Krulak–Mendenhall mission was a fact-finding expedition dispatched by the Kennedy administration to South Vietnam in early September 1963. The stated purpose of the expedition was to investigate the progress of the war by the South Vietnamese regime and its US military advisers against the Viet Cong insurgency. The mission was led by Victor Krulak and Joseph Mendenhall. Krulak was a major general in the United States Marine Corps, while Mendenhall was a senior Foreign Service Officer experienced in dealing with Vietnamese affairs.
The four-day whirlwind trip was launched on September 6, 1963, the same day as a National Security Council meeting, and came in the wake of increasingly strained relations between the United States and South Vietnam. Civil unrest gripped South Vietnam as Buddhist demonstrations against the religious discrimination of President Ngô Đình Diệm's Catholic regime escalated. Following the raids on Buddhist pagodas on August 21 that left a death toll ranging up to a few hundred, the US authorized investigations into a possible coup through a cable to US Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.


title: Mangalam Muthuswamy section title: References hierarchical section title: Mangalam Muthuswamy / References caption reference description: Mangalam Muthuswami caption attribution description: English: Renknowned Vainika Vidwan and prime disciple of Veenai Visalakshi, Mangalam Muthuswami content: Mangalam Muthuswamy was one of the notable vainikas in recent times. Mangalam was born in a musical family at Sivaganga. She received initial training in the Veena from her own mother, Smt. Lakshmibai Ammal, a disciple of Sri Pallavi Ramaswamy Raju.
Mangalam was known for her 'gayika' style, where the Veena virtually imitates the human voice and is hence extremely pleasing to hear. She was the prime disciple of 'Veenai Visalakshi', who was the disciple of 'shatkala chakravarti' Veena Venkatramana Das of Vijayanagaram & also Veenai Dhanammal. Mangalam had the rare distinction of playing the Indian national anthem on the veena in the presence of R. Venkatraman, the former President of India.
Association with Radio and TV Networks
Mangalam gave her maiden performance on the All India Radio at the age of 11. This was the year 1948. Then, over a period of 2 decades, she continued performing at the AIR and eventually earned an "A" grade. An artiste of great repute, she has also performed at important programmes of the AIR, including the Radio Sangeet Sammelan in 1994. She also went on to become a performing artiste at the Doordarshan Kendra, Mumbai.


title: Tanks of Czechoslovakia section title: Political developments influencing Czechoslovakia military forces hierarchical section title: Tanks of Czechoslovakia / Political developments influencing Czechoslovakia military forces caption reference description: Czechoslovakia in 1928. caption attribution description: English: Map of Czechoslovakia in 1928-1938. Note: The provinces shown on the map were introduced by Act No. 125/1927 Zb. and became effective in 1928.Deutsch: Karte der Tschechoslowakei zwischen 1928 und 1938. content: None


title: Galeas per montes section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Galeas per montes / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Galeas_per_Montes - The steep descent from the pass of San Giovanni to the Torbole town, on the shores of the Garda Lake Vèneto: Galeas_per_Montes - La ripida disexa dal paso de San Giovani fin a Torbole so la riva del Lago de Garda Italiano: it:Galeas_per_montes - La ripida discesa dal passo di San Giovanni a Torbole in riva al Lago di Garda content: Galeas per montes is the name by which an enterprise of military engineering made between December 1438 and April 1439 by the Republic of Venice and consisting of the transport of ships, Galleys and frigates from the Adriatic Sea to Lake Garda, climbing the river Adige to Rovereto and transporting ships by land to Torbole, on the northern shores of the lake. A journey of about 20 km through the mountains and the Loppio Lake, now almost disappeared following the construction of the Galleria Adige-Garda, which emptied the lake above.


title: Moneypenny Creek section title: Course hierarchical section title: Moneypenny Creek / Course caption reference description: Moneypenny Creek looking upstream caption attribution description: w:Moneypenny Creek, a tributary of the w:Susquehanna River in w:Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. content: Moneypenny Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 2.2 miles long and flows through Eaton Township. The creek's watershed has an area of 3.24 square miles. The creek has one named tributary, which is known as Thurston Hollow. Moneypenny Creek has experienced flash flooding. The surficial geology in its vicinity consists of Wisconsinan Till, bedrock, alluvium, and Wisconsinan Ice-Contact Stratified Drift. The creek's watershed is a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.


title: World War I section title: Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina hierarchical section title: World War I / Prelude / Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina caption reference description: Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo, 29 June 1914 caption attribution description: English: Photo of a crowd that gathered around destroyed property of Serbs in Sarajevo. content: World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatant deaths and 13 million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the related 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 17–100 million deaths worldwide.
On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing.
A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe.


title: Wurm section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Wurm / Gallery caption attribution description: Wurm im Wurmtal content: The Wurm is a river in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. It rises in the Eifel mountains and flows for 57 kilometres before discharging into the Rur.


title: Bicameralism section title: History of bicameral legislatures hierarchical section title: Bicameralism / History of bicameral legislatures caption reference description: The United States Capitol, seat of the US Congress caption attribution description: Deutsch: Washington D.C. English: United States Capitol, Washington D.C. The making of this work was supported by Wikimedia Austria. For other files made with the support of Wikimedia Austria, please see the category Supported by Wikimedia Österreich. content: A bicameral legislature has legislators in two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group, and from some legislatures that have three or more separate assemblies, chambers, or houses. As of 2015, about 40% of world's national legislatures are bicameral, and about 60% are unicameral.
Often, the members of the two chambers are elected or selected by different methods, which vary from country to country. This can often lead to the two chambers having very different compositions of members.
Enactment of primary legislation often requires a concurrent majority—the approval of a majority of members in each of the chambers of the legislature. When this is the case, the legislature may be called an example of perfect bicameralism. However, in many parliamentary and semi-presidential systems, the house to which the executive is responsible can overrule the other house and may be regarded as an example of imperfect bicameralism. Some legislatures lie in between these two positions, with one house able to overrule the other only under certain circumstances.


title: Soncino's Castle hierarchical section title: Soncino's Castle caption reference description: The castle of Soncino from outside caption attribution description: Rocca Sforzesca di Soncino content: Soncino Castle is a military fortress in Soncino, northern Italy. It was built in the 10th century, and it was active since the years around 1500.


title: Sworn In (band) hierarchical section title: Sworn In (band) caption reference description: Clockwise from top-left: Chris George, Derek Bolman, Eugene Kamlyuk and Tyler Dennen caption attribution description: English: Photo of the band Sworn In caption alt text description: Clockwise from top-left: Chris George, Derek Bolman, Eugene Kamlyuk and Tyler Dennen content: Sworn In is an American metalcore band from Grayslake, Illinois. The band was formed in 2011 and consists of vocalist Eugene Kamlyuk, bassist Derek Bolman, guitarist Chris George and drummer Alex Marcelletti. They were signed to Razor & Tie from May 2013 to the summer of 2016.


title: Geographic areas of Houston hierarchical section title: Geographic areas of Houston caption reference description: Downtown Houston caption attribution description: English: Panoramic view of the Downtown Houston skyline. Español: Imagen panorámica del Panorama urbano de Downtown Houston. content: The geographic areas of Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside Interstate 610, known as the "Loop." Inside the loop generally encompasses the Central business district and the "island cities" of West University Place, Southside Place and a portion of Bellaire.
Other "island cities" include the Memorial Villages – Bunker Hill Village, Hedwig Village, Hilshire Village, Hunters Creek Village, Piney Point Village, and Spring Valley Village.
The outlying areas of Houston, as well as the rest of Bellaire, the Memorial Villages, the airports and the city's suburbs and enclaves are outside the loop. Another ring road, Beltway 8, encircles the city another 5 miles further out. A third, State Highway 99 or Grand Parkway, has begun construction roughly 10 miles beyond the Beltway around the outer suburbs and currently extends from north of Interstate 10/U.S. Highway 90 east of Katy to Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 in Sugar Land.
Locations within the Houston city limits inside Beltway 8 had traditionally used the 713 area code. Those outside Beltway 8 but within city limits had received the 281 or 832 area code.


title: Jörg Haider section title: Collapse of the first coalition and decline of the Freedom Party hierarchical section title: Jörg Haider / Political career / Collapse of the first coalition and decline of the Freedom Party caption reference description: Jörg Haider wearing lederhosen at a meeting of his party BZÖ (2006) caption attribution description: עברית: ירג היידר נואם בפני עצרת בחירות של מפלגת BZÖ בעיר שפיטאל במחוז קרינתיה באוסטריה, 30 בספטמבר 2006. Deutsch: Jörg Haider bei einer Wahlversammlung der BZÖ in Spittal an der Drau, 30. September 2006. content: Jörg Haider was an Austrian politician. He was Governor of Carinthia on two occasions, the long-time leader of the Freedom Party of Austria and later Chairman of the Alliance for the Future of Austria, a breakaway party from the FPÖ.
Haider was a controversial figure within Austria and abroad. Several countries imposed mild diplomatic sanctions against his party's participation in government alongside Wolfgang Schüssel's Austrian People's Party, starting from 2000.
Haider died in a car accident shortly after leading the BZÖ in the 2008 Austrian Parliamentary elections.


title: Brazilian imperial family section title: Branches hierarchical section title: Brazilian imperial family / Branches caption reference description: Coat of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Braganza content: The former Brazilian Imperial Family is a branch of the Portuguese Royal House of Braganza that ruled the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1889, after the proclamation of independence by Prince Pedro of Braganza who was later acclaimed as Pedro I, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil. The members of the family are dynastic descendants of Emperor Pedro I. Claimants to headship of the post-monarchic Brazilian Imperial legacy descend from Emperor Pedro II, including the senior agnates of two branches of the House of Orléans-Braganza; the so-called Petrópolis and Vassouras lines. Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza heads the Petrópolis line, while the Vassouras branch is led by his second cousin, Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza.
Rivalry within the family erupted in 1946 when Dom Pedro Gastão repudiated the renunciation to the throne of his late father, Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, for himself and his future descendants, when he made a non-dynastic marriage in 1908.


title: Guanshan, Taitung section title: History hierarchical section title: Guanshan, Taitung / History caption reference description: Map including Guanshan area (1951) caption attribution description: English: Hualien County (Hua-lien), Tawian AMS Topographic Maps content: Guanshan Township is an urban township in northern Taitung County, Taiwan.


title: Student Union (Valdosta State University) hierarchical section title: Student Union (Valdosta State University) caption attribution description: English: Valdosta State University Student Union content: The Student Union of Valdosta State University serves as the social center of VSU and offers students a food court, bookstore, theater, game room, lounge space, and student organization offices.


title: Lao River (Thailand) hierarchical section title: Lao River (Thailand) caption reference description: Map of the Thai highlands caption attribution description: English: Topography of northern Thailand with corrected position and corrected name of Khun Tan Range (ทิวเขาขุนตาน) Map by user Thanyakij content: The Lao River or Mae Lao River is a river in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. It is a tributary of the Kok River, with its mouth near Sum Pratu in Mueang Chiang Rai District. This river gives its name to the Mae Lao District.
The Lao River originates in the Phi Pan Nam Range and flows initially northwards across Wiang Pa Pao District and then northeastwards through the districts of Mae Suai, Mae Lao and Mueang Chiang Rai passing just south of Chiang Rai city.
The Suai River, which gives its name to the Mae Suai District, is one of the main tributaries of the Lao River.


title: Fort Hays section title: History hierarchical section title: Fort Hays / History caption reference description: The Fort Hays guardhouse, built in 1867 (2016) caption attribution description: English: Fort Hays Guardhouse content: Fort Hays, originally named Fort Fletcher, was a United States Army fort near Hays, Kansas. Active from 1865 to 1889, it was an important frontier post during the American Indian Wars of the late 19th century. Reopened as a historical park in 1929, it is now operated by the Kansas Historical Society as the Fort Hays State Historic Site.


title: Provinces of Venezuela section title: Later hierarchical section title: Provinces of Venezuela / Later caption reference description: The 13 provinces of Venezuela existing in 1840. Map by Agostino Codazzi. caption attribution description: English: Political map of the Republic of Venezuela in 1840. Lith. de Thierry freres a Paris. (Caracas 1840). Size: 57x40cm. Two lithographed maps. Full hand col. Relief shown by hachures. Restoration In the restoration, stains aging paper products retreated. Colors and errors in the map have been left as in the original respect for the author. content: The Provinces of Venezuela were administrative divisions used from Venezuela's independence from Gran Colombia in 1830 to 1864, when the States of Venezuela were created. There were initially 11 provinces, with 4 created later, until in 1856 the Law of Territorial Division divided Venezuela into 21 provinces.
Some of the provinces at independence had previously existed in a similar form during the Spanish Empire, in some cases having been abolished during the Gran Colombia period. With the conclusion of the Federal War in 1863, a new constitution transformed the provinces into the States of Venezuela.


title: NZR LA class hierarchical section title: NZR LA class caption reference description: New Zealand Midland Railway Co. NO 3 (NZR LA 312) at Stillwater Junction during the opening of the Midland Railway between Greymouth and Stillwater, 1889. caption attribution description: Photographer: James Ring (1856-1939)[1] Opening of the Midland Railway, Stillwater junction, 1889 Film negative Reference No. 1/2-060033-F Photographic Archive, Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand Find out more about this image from the " Alexander Turnbull Library. content: The NZR Lᴬ class was a class of 4-4-0T steam locomotives used by the New Zealand Railways Department and the New Zealand Midland Railway Company. They were built by Nasmyth, Wilson and Company in 1887 for New Zealand Midland Railway Company, and were taken over by NZR in 1900, when the government acquired the incomplete Midland line. The designation also applies to the NZR 4-4-0T rebuilds of the Avonside L class of 1875 which were later reclassified Lᴮ after being rebuilt as 4-4-2Ts.


title: Outline of jazz hierarchical section title: Outline of jazz caption reference description: Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer. content: The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to jazz:
Jazz – musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States, mixing African music and European classical music traditions.
Jazz is a music genre that originated from African American communities of New Orleans in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation.
Jazz spans a period of over a hundred years, encompassing a very wide range of music, making it difficult to define. Jazz makes heavy use of improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swing note, as well as aspects of European harmony, American popular music, the brass band tradition, and African musical elements such as blue notes and African-American styles such as ragtime.


title: Metrotown station section title: Entrances hierarchical section title: Metrotown station / Station information / Entrances caption reference description: Escalators at the western entrance caption attribution description: English: the new Escalators At Metrotown Station content: Metrotown is an elevated station on the Expo Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system, and is located along Central Boulevard, directly across from the Metropolis at Metrotown shopping centre, in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. As of 2019, it is the second-busiest station in the SkyTrain system.


title: Bear section title: Literature, art and symbolism hierarchical section title: Bear / Relationship with humans / Literature, art and symbolism caption attribution description: English: Freedom Monument, Riga, Latvia, Lāčplēsis (Bear-Slayer) design element. Riga, Latvia. content: Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, small rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails.
While the polar bear is mostly carnivorous, and the giant panda feeds almost entirely on bamboo, the remaining six species are omnivorous with varied diets. With the exception of courting individuals and mothers with their young, bears are typically solitary animals. They may be diurnal or nocturnal and have an excellent sense of smell. Despite their heavy build and awkward gait, they are adept runners, climbers, and swimmers. Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 days.


title: Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway section title: Sale to the Soo Line and current usage hierarchical section title: Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway / Sale to the Soo Line and current usage caption reference description: A caboose painted in the former Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern livery. This caboose is now in regular service on the Progressive Rail line in Bloomington, Minnesota. caption attribution description: A caboose painted in the former Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern livery. This caboose is now in regular service on the en:Progressive Rail line in en:Bloomington, Minnesota. en:Category:Images of Minnesota content: The Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway was an 87-mile long American shortline railroad connecting Minneapolis and Northfield, Minnesota. It was incorporated in 1918 to take over the trackage of the former Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester and Dubuque Electric Traction Company, also known as the Dan Patch Lines. On June 2, 1982, it was acquired by the Soo Line Railroad, which operated it as a separate railroad until merging it on January 1, 1986 along with the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.
Until around 1963, it was a Class I railroad; in 1967, it reported 131 million ton-miles of revenue freight on 77 miles of railroad.


title: Cru (wine) hierarchical section title: Cru (wine) caption reference description: A blanc de blancs [fr] Champagne made 100% from Chardonnay caption attribution description: A blanc de blanc Champagne made 100% from Chardonnay content: Cru is "a vineyard or group of vineyards, especially one of recognized quality". It is a French wine term which is traditionally translated as "growth", as it was originally the past participle of the verb "croître". As a wine term it is closely connected to terroir in the sense of an "extent of terrain having a certain physical homogeneity. .. considered from the point of view of the nature of the soil as communicating a particular character to its produce, notably to wine". It may thus be defined as: "Terroir as a place of production" or an "Ensemble of terrains considered from the point of view of what grows there, from a particular cultivation." More specifically, cru is often used to indicate a specifically named and legally defined vineyard or ensemble of vineyards and the vines "which grow on [such] a reputed terroir; by extension of good quality." The term is also used to refer to the wine produced from such vines. The term cru is often used within classifications of French wine. By implication, a wine that displays the name of its cru on its wine label is supposed to exhibit the typical characteristics of this cru.


title: Montopolis, Austin, Texas section title: History hierarchical section title: Montopolis, Austin, Texas / History caption reference description: San Jose Cemetery caption attribution description: English: San Jose Cemetery, Montopolis Drive, Austin, TX content: Montopolis is a neighborhood in Austin, Texas. Located southeast of the city's urban core, Montopolis encompasses part of ZIP code 78741.
Montopolis is located southeast of Lake Lady Bird and is bounded on the west by Grove Street and the Pleasant Valley neighborhood, to the south by Texas State Highway 71 and the Southeast Austin neighborhood and U.S. Route 183 to the east. It is located adjacent to Austin-Bergstrom International Airport. and is located in city council District 3.


title: History of the Catholic Church in the United States section title: 1960s hierarchical section title: History of the Catholic Church in the United States / 20th century / 1960s caption reference description: John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States caption attribution description: English:  John F. Kennedy, photograph in the Oval Office.Français :  John F. Kennedy dans le Bureau ovale. content: The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800's, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had institutionally and demographically faded, owing to the Louisiana Purchase and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The former territories of France, Spain, Mexico and the domains of the Native Peoples at the time were then opened up to East Coast, Southern and mid-Western Americans, primarily Protestant, migrating westward. During this same period, the Catholic Church in the East and mid-West grew through immigration overseas, especially from Europe In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland, but by 1900 Catholic seminaries were producing a sufficient supply of priests. Many young women became nuns, typically working as teachers and nurses.


title: Reserva Natural Punta Cucharas section title: Flora at Punta Cucharas hierarchical section title: Reserva Natural Punta Cucharas / Gallery of flora and fauna / Flora at Punta Cucharas caption attribution description: Français : Canella winterana, Bois-cannelle, Pointe des Châteaux, Guadeloupe content: Reserva Natural Punta Cucharas is a nature reserve in Barrio Canas, Ponce, Puerto Rico. It consists of both a land area component as well as an offshore marine area. The land component has an area of 698 cuerdas while the marine component has an expanse of 3,516 cuerdas, for a total area of 4,214 cuerdas. The Reserve consists of mangrove ecosystems, coastal sand dunes, a saline lagoon known as Laguna Las Salinas, open water, and a century-old local community. The lagoon occupies and area of 347,898 m² Ecological protection is managed and enforced by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. Eight activities are allowed at the Reserve: scuba diving, boating, fishing, hiking, sun bathing, photography, bird watching and canoeing. Activities prohibited are: Camping, crabbing/trapping, horseback riding, water crafting, and hunting. Pets, ATVs, and fireplaces are also prohibited.


title: List of movie theaters section title: Canada hierarchical section title: List of movie theaters / Canada caption attribution description: Français : La Cinémathèque québécoise, boulevard de Maisonneuve Est, à Montréal content: This is a list of movie theaters notable enough for Wikipedia articles. See also the list of movie theatre chains from across the world.


title: The Famous Five (Canada) section title: The Five hierarchical section title: The Famous Five (Canada) / The Five caption attribution description: English: Louise McKinney, nee Crummy, in Edmonton, Alberta, 1917. Taken for legislature. content: The Famous Five, also known as The Valiant Five, and initially as The Alberta Five, were five prominent Canadian suffragists who advocated for women and children. They asked the Supreme Court of Canada to answer the question, "Does the word 'Persons' in Section 24 of the British North America Act, 1867, include female persons?" in the case Edwards v Canada. The five women, Emily Murphy, Irene Marryat Parlby, Nellie Mooney McClung, Louise Crummy McKinney and Henrietta Muir Edwards, created a petition in an effort to have women considered legally as a person, so that women could be appointed to the Senate.
The petition was filed on August 27, 1927, although the Supreme Court of Canada passed a decision that women are not such persons. This judgement was overturned by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on October 18, 1929. This case came to be known as the "Persons Case". Although Canadian women had the vote in many provinces and in federal elections by 1929, the case was part of a larger drive for political equality.


title: Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II section title: Sources hierarchical section title: Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II / Sources caption reference description: Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II's glyph content: Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II, also known as Upakal Kʼinich, was an ajaw of the Maya city of Palenque. He ruled c.742 and he was probably brother of Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III. There are only few details about his reign like Bodega no. 1144 and portraits on a stucco-covered pier from Temple 19, only date from his reign is from 742, when he installed lord into important office.


title: Dharmasthala section title: Museums hierarchical section title: Dharmasthala / Museums caption reference description: Manjusha Car Museum caption attribution description: English: Manjusha Car Museum In Dharmsthala content: Dharmasthala is an Indian temple town on the banks of the Nethravathi River in the Belthangady taluk of the Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka, India. It is a panchayat village, and it is the only village in its gram panchayat.
The town is known for its Dharmasthala Temple which houses the shrine of Shiva, Manjunatha, Ammanavaru, Chandranath and the Dharma Daivas — Kalarahu, Kalarkayi, Kumaraswamy and Kanyakumari. The temple is unusual in that it is run by a Jain administration and poojas are conducted by Hindu priests of the Madhva order. Lakshadeepa, the festival of lights, is the annual festival of Dharmasthala in November–December. On an average the flow of pilgrims is about 10,000 people a day. A mechanised kitchen provides free food for all pilgrims, and there are guest houses with modern amenities.
Dharmastala represents religious tolerance. A Jain Tirthankara is worshiped beside Daivas and Lord Manjunatha. The priests are Vaishnavite Brahmins and the guardian of the temple a Heggade. To those who come here for justice, the Heggade dispenses judgments that are said to represent the will of the deities.


title: March of Styria hierarchical section title: March of Styria caption reference description: Holy Roman Empire about 1000: Duchy of Carinthia shown in brown with the marches of Verona, Istria, Carniola and Styria, according to William Robert Shepherd, 1923 caption attribution description: Central Europe, 919-1125 content: The March of Styria, originally known as Carantanian march, was a southeastern frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire. It was broken off the larger March of Carinthia, itself a march of the Duchy of Bavaria, around 970 as a buffer zone against the Hungarian invasions. Under the overlordship of the Carinthian dukes from 976 onwards, the territory evolved to be called Styria, so named for the town of Steyr, then the residence of the Otakar margraves. It became an Imperial State in its own right, when the Otakars were elevated to Dukes of Styria in 1180.


title: Martin Tajmar hierarchical section title: Martin Tajmar caption reference description: Martin Tajmar
(2010) caption attribution description: Deutsch: Prof. Dr. Martin Tajmar content: Martin Tajmar is a physicist and professor for Space Systems at the Dresden University of Technology. He has research interests in advanced space propulsion systems, FEEP thrusters, breakthrough propulsion physics and possible connections between gravity and superconductivity.


title: Mesak Settafet hierarchical section title: Mesak Settafet caption reference description: Meerkat carvings in the Wadi Mathendous in the Mesak Settafet region. caption attribution description: English: Rock carving known as "Meercatze" (named by archaeologist Leo Frobenius) in Wadi Methkandoush, Mesak Settafet region of Libya. Italiano: Incisione rupestre nota come "Gatti Mammoni" o "Meercatze" (come li chiamò l'archeologo Leo Frobenius) nel Wadi Methkandoush, regione libica del Mesak Settafet. content: Mesak Settafet is a massive sandstone escarpment in southwest Libya. It sits at an elevation of up to 300 metres. The outcropping is abundant in prehistoric rock art and stone tools, particularly at the Wadi Mathendous site.


title: Cayenne section title: Carnival of Cayenne hierarchical section title: Cayenne / Culture / Carnival of Cayenne caption reference description: Carnival in the Cayenne streets in 2006. caption attribution description: English: Carnival in Cayenne streets in 2006 Français : Carnaval dans les rues de Cayenne en 2006 content: Cayenne is the capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast. The city's motto is "fert aurum industria", which means "work brings wealth".
At the 2017 census, there were 138,920 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, 61,268 of whom lived in the city of Cayenne proper.


title: Shulamit Nadler section title: Work hierarchical section title: Shulamit Nadler / Work caption attribution description: English: Tel Aviv University's Sourasky Central Library. Taken by David Shay. עברית: אוניברסיטת תל אביב, הספרייה המרכזית ע"ש סוראסקי. צילם דוד שי content: Shulamit Nadler was a prominent Israeli modernist architect best known for her design of the National Library of Israel.


title: Gates of Zendocon section title: Development and release hierarchical section title: Gates of Zendocon / Development and release caption reference description: Gates of Zendocon started its development before any Atari Lynx hardware existed. caption attribution description: English: An Atari Lynx I handheld video game console. content: Gates of Zendocon is a 1989 shoot 'em up video game developed by Epyx and published by Atari Corporation in North America and Europe exclusively for the Atari Lynx. It was also released in Japan on December 23 of the same year, where it was instead distributed by Mumin Corporation. One of the first games written for the platform, it was one of the launch titles that were released along with the system in North America.
In the game, the eponymous evil spider has trapped the player's space fighter in his web of universes, which are interconnected by a series of teleportation gates and riddled with alien bases, with the primary objective of finding and defeating him while recruiting friendly allies along the way. Programmed by Todd's Adventures in Slime World author Peter Engelbrite, Gates of Zendocon began its development prior to the existence of functional Lynx hardware.
Gates of Zendocon received positive reception from critics after its initial release, with praise towards the presentation, originality and gameplay but the sound department received criticism.


title: The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) section title: History hierarchical section title: The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) / History caption reference description: The old MacArthur Theater, now used as a CVS/pharmacy, in the Palisades caption attribution description: English: The old MacArthur Theater, now used as a CVS/pharmacy, in The Palisades neighborhood of Washington content: The Palisades, or simply Palisades, is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River, running roughly from the edge of the Georgetown University campus to the D.C.-Maryland boundary. MacArthur Boulevard is the main thoroughfare that passes through the Palisades.
In 1893, this subdivision was laid out by the Palisades Improvement Company. The Palisades had the Great Falls Electric Railway that ran from 36th and Prospect streets out to Glen Echo. The International Athletic Park and Amusement Company secured a large block of the Palisades and constructed a Bicycle Track and General Amusement Park, which opened on Decoration Day in 1896. Also encompassed within the Palisades is the neighborhood of Potomac Heights, which is bounded by Loughboro Road at the north end, Arizona Avenue at the south end and MacArthur Boulevard and the Potomac River.


title: Carlotta Ferlito section title: 2012 hierarchical section title: Carlotta Ferlito / Gymnastics career / Senior career / 2012 caption reference description: Ferlito performing on balance beam at the London Olympics on 29 July 2012 caption attribution description: English: Carlotta Ferlito (Image cropped from original at Flickr) content: Carlotta Ferlito is an Italian artistic gymnast. Since starting her senior career in 2011, Ferlito has won two medals at the European Championships and represented her country at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. She is the first Italian gymnast to compete the "Mustafina" on floor.


title: Christian Ballard hierarchical section title: Christian Ballard caption reference description: Ballard in 2012 with the Vikings. caption attribution description: English: A.J. Jefferson #24, Christian Ballard #99, John Sullivan #65, and other Minnesota Vikings players in pre-game introduction content: Christian Ballard is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at Iowa.


title: William Beaumont hierarchical section title: William Beaumont caption reference description: William Beaumont caption attribution description: William Beaumont 1785 - 1853, pioneer American physiologist (from the painting for Petrolagar Laboratories, Inc., by Tom Jones). content: William Beaumont was a surgeon in the U.S. Army who became known as the "Father of Gastric Physiology" following his research on human digestion.


title: Christianshavns Vold section title: Bastions hierarchical section title: Christianshavns Vold / Bastions caption reference description: The storage building caption attribution description: English: Buildings in Kalvebod Bastion in Copenhagen, Denmark content: Christianshavns Vold is a former rampart which was part of the bastioned fortification ring which used to surround Copenhagen, Denmark. Running along the full south-eastern perimeter of Christianshavn and Holmen, it used to form a protective barrier towards the island of Amager. It consists of earthworks with 12 bastions and in front of it ran a moat, Stadsgraven, now forming a broad canal which separates Christianshavn from the rest of Amager. On the other side of Stadsgraven. on Amager, was a lower system of outworks called Christianshavns Enveloppe of which only the northern half survives. Along with Kastellet on the other side of the harbour, it is the only intact part of the fortification system.
Today Christianshavns Vold serves as an important greenspace for Christianshavn's inhabitants. The southern half of the rampart is a municipal park whereas the northern portion is part of Freetown Christiania, a self-built, semi-autonomous community which has existed since the early 1970s. Part of Christiania is located on the far side of Stadsgraven and the two halves are connected by the Dyssebroen footbridge.


title: Transport in Wales section title: Urban rail hierarchical section title: Transport in Wales / Railways / Urban rail caption reference description: Arriva Trains Wales at the potential re-opened station of Pontrilas, also on the Welsh Marches Line caption attribution description: English: Railway at Pontrilas 175 005 with the 15:10 Arriva Trains Wales service from Milford Haven to Shrewsbury passes through the village of Pontrilas. The name is Welsh despite Pontrilas being in South Herefordshire. The name means "Bridge over three rivers". content: Transport in Wales is heavily influenced by the country's geography. Wales is predominantly hilly or mountainous, and the main settlements lie on the coasts of north and south Wales, while mid Wales and west Wales are lightly populated. The main transport corridors are east-west routes, many continuing eastwards into England.


title: C. M. Russell Museum Complex section title: Founding of the museum hierarchical section title: C. M. Russell Museum Complex / History of the museum / Founding of the museum caption reference description: Charles Marion Russell in 1900. caption attribution description: Portrait of Russell seated in front of a painting. Identification on verso (handwritten): Russell, Chas. M. content: C. M. Russell Museum Complex is an art museum located in the city of Great Falls, Montana, in the United States. The museum's primary function is to display the artwork of Great Falls "cowboy artist" Charles Marion Russell, for whom the museum is named. The museum also displays illustrated letters by Russell, work materials used by him, and other items which help visitors understand the life and working habits of Russell. In addition, the museum displays original 19th, 20th, and 21st century art depicting the American Old West and the flora, fauna, and landscapes of the American West. In 2009, the Wall Street Journal called the institution "one of America's premier Western art museums." Located on the museum property is Russell's log cabin studio, as well as his two-story wood frame home. The house and log cabin studio were designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 1976, the listing boundaries were amended to account for moving the house.
Beginning in 1969, the museum co-hosted the C. M.


title: Aerodynamics hierarchical section title: Aerodynamics caption reference description: A NASA wake turbulence study at Wallops Island in 1990. A vortex is created by passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by smoke. Vortices are one of the many phenomena associated with the study of aerodynamics. caption attribution description: English: Wake Vortex Study at Wallops Island The air flow from the wing of this agricultural plane is made visible by a technique that uses colored smoke rising from the ground. The swirl at the wingtip traces the aircraft's wake vortex, which exerts a powerful influence on the flow field behind the plane. Because of wake vortex, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires aircraft to maintain set distances behind each other when they land. A joint NASA-FAA program aimed at boosting airport capacity, however, is aimed at determining conditions under which planes may fly closer together. NASA researchers are studying wake vortex with a variety of tools, from supercomputers, to wind tunnels, to actual flight tests in research aircraft. Their goal is to fully understand the phenomenon, then use that knowledge to create an automated system that could predict changing wake vortex conditions at airports. Pilots already know, for example, that they have to worry less about wake vortex in rough weather because windy conditions cause them to dissipate more rapidly. content: Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aero + δυναμική, is the study of motion of air, particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air.
The formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier. Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier-than-air flight, which was first demonstrated by Otto Lilienthal in 1891. Since then, the use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations has formed a rational basis for the development of heavier-than-air flight and a number of other technologies.


title: List of George Washington University alumni section title: Business hierarchical section title: List of George Washington University alumni / Business caption reference description: Lee Kun-Hee, Chairman of Samsung and one of the world's richest people. caption attribution description: Breakfast with Korean Business Leaders President Park Geun-hye clapping at a breakfast meeting with the Korean business leaders traveling with her at the Hay-Adams Hotel in Washington D.C. on May 8. 2013.05.08.(U.S. Estern Time) Cheong Wa Dae 수행경제인과의 조찬 박근혜 대통령이 8일현지시간） 워싱턴 D.C. 해이아담스호텔에서 열린 수행 경제인들과의 조찬을 함께 하고 있다. 청와대 content: The list of George Washington University alumni includes numerous prominent politicians, including the current U.S. Attorney General, four current heads of state or government, CEOs of major corporations, scientists, Nobel laureates, MacArthur fellows, Olympic athletes, Academy Award and Golden Globe winners, royalty, and Time 100 notables.


title: Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan section title: Increasing pressure hierarchical section title: Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan / Increasing pressure caption reference description: The seal of King Robert II of Scotland, reading ROBERTVS DEI GRACIA REX SCOTTORVM: Robert, by the grace of God, King of the Scots. caption attribution description: Steel engraving and enhancement of the Great Seal of Robert II, King of Alba (Scotland). content: Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Alasdair Mór mac an Rígh, and called the Wolf of Badenoch, was the third surviving son of King Robert II of Scotland and youngest by his first wife, Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan. He was the first Earl of Buchan since John Comyn, from 1382 until his death. Alexander married the widowed Euphemia I, Countess of Ross, but they had no children. He did have a large family by his longtime mistress, Mairead inghean Eachainn. Alexander was Justiciar of Scotia for a time, but not an effective one. He held large territories in the north of Scotland before eventually losing a large part of them. Alexander is remembered for his destruction of the royal burgh of Elgin and its cathedral. His nickname was earned due to his notorious cruelty and rapacity, but there is no proof that it was used during his lifetime.


title: Bethamcherla hierarchical section title: Bethamcherla caption reference description: Bethamcherla Railway Station caption attribution description: English: Bethamcherla Railway Station caption alt text description: Bethamcherla Railway Station content: Bethamcherla is a Nagar panchayat and mandal headquarters located in Kurnool District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comes under Dhone assembly constituency and Nandyal Parliament Constituency.


title: List of songs recorded by Jessie J section title: Songs hierarchical section title: List of songs recorded by Jessie J / Songs caption reference description: American recording artist Ariana Grande provided vocals on "Bang Bang" caption attribution description: English: Ariana Grande. caption alt text description: Ariana Grande is performing. content: The English singer and songwriter Jessie J has recorded material for three studio albums and she has also collaborated with a variety of other artists on songs for their albums. After signing a recording contract with Lava Records, as part of a joint venture with Universal Republic Jessie J released her debut studio album, Who You Are in 2011. She co-wrote every song on the album in addition to her work with other songwriters and producers including The Invisible Men, Claude Kelly, Max Martin and Dr. Luke. The latter co-wrote and produced the 2011 commercially successful singles "Price Tag" and "Domino", as well as, "Abracadabra". She also collaborated with the French DJ David Guetta on her single "LaserLight" and provided vocals on "Repeat", a song included on Guetta's fifth studio album Nothing but the Beat. The same year, she worked with the English singer-songwriter James Morrison on the single "Up", a track co-written by Morrison and Toby Gad. In 2012, she sang "Silver Lining", a song penned by the American songwriter Diane Warren which was released as a single from the soundtrack for 2012 film Silver Linings Playbook.


title: Asti Cathedral hierarchical section title: Asti Cathedral caption reference description: Asti Cathedral caption attribution description: Italiano: Complesso Episcopale della Cattedrale This is a photo of a monument which is part of cultural heritage of Italy. This monument participates in the contest Wiki Loves Monuments Italia 2014. See authorisations. (wiki-ID: 0050052392) content: Asti Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Asti, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Asti, Piedmont, Italy. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and to Saint Gotthard, and at 82m long and 24m in height and width, is one of the largest churches in Piedmont, the highest expression of Gothic architecture of the region, and among the best examples of Lombard Romanesque appreciable in northern Italy.


title: Mark Guiliana hierarchical section title: Mark Guiliana caption attribution description: English: Mark Guiliana content: Mark Guiliana is a Grammy-nominated American drummer, composer and leader of the band Beat Music. He is known for his playing with Avishai Cohen, Brad Mehldau, David Bowie, Meshell Ndegeocello, Gretchen Parlato, Jason Lindner, Lionel Loueke, Dhafer Youssef, Tigran Hamasyan, Matisyahu, the European piano trio Phronesis and his own band, Heernt.


title: Andersen Harbor hierarchical section title: Andersen Harbor caption reference description: Location of Andersen Harbor
Antarctica caption attribution description: Deutsch: Physische Positionskarte Antarktis, Mittabstandstreue Azimutalprojektion English: Physical Location map Antarctica, Azimuthal equidistant projection Longitude of central meridian: 0° Latitude of projection origin: -90° Tangent latitude at the map boundaries: -60°; geographic limits of the map: -135°,-47.57359° to 45°,-47.57359° caption alt text description: Andersen Harbor is located in Antarctica content: Andersen Harbor is a small bay in the Melchior Islands, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, formed by the concave west side of Eta Island and the north end of Omega Island. It was charted by Discovery Investigations in 1927 and probably named after Kapt. Ola Andersen of the factory ship Svend Foyn, following the usage of Norwegian whalers that had operated in the area. The harbor was surveyed by Argentine expeditions in 1942, 1943 and 1948.


title: Oostvoorne section title: Cycling hierarchical section title: Oostvoorne / Sport / Cycling caption reference description: Oostvoorne in 1866. caption attribution description: Historic map of Oostvoorne (now part of municipality Westvoorne), South Holland, the Netherlands content: Oostvoorne is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Westvoorne, and lies about 9 km north of Hellevoetsluis.
In 2001, the town of Oostvoorne had 5,403 inhabitants, the built-up area of the town was 1.9 km², and contained 2,274 residences.
The statistical area "Oostvoorne", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 7,270.
Oostvoorne was a separate municipality until 1980, when it became part of Westvoorne.
Oostvoorne was since before World War II the only location in the Netherlands were automobiles were permitted on the beach. In 1992 it was proposed to close the beach to cars resulting in consultations and negotiations lasting many years. The provincial government finally decided to close it permanently on October 15, 2004.
In the centre of Oostvoorne are the ruins of a motte-and-bailey castle, built around the second half of the 12th century by the Lords of Voorne, which also served as a residence for Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut.


title: WET (company) section title: 1990s hierarchical section title: WET (company) / History / 1990s caption reference description: Bellagio (2013) caption attribution description: Fountains at Bellagio content: WET, also known as WET Design, is a water feature design firm based in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1983 by former Disney Imagineers Mark Fuller, Melanie Simon, and Alan Robinson, the company has designed over two hundred fountains and water features using water, fire, ice, fog, and lights. It is known for creating The Dubai Fountain, the world's largest performing fountain, along with the 8-acre Fountains of Bellagio. It has designed features in over 20 countries around the world, in North America, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
WET holds more than 60 patents pertaining to lighting, water control, and specialty fountain devices that use air compression technology. The company is a frequently cited source for the role water plays in communities other than for purely utilitarian needs. WET was also featured in and co-produced the 2013 Discovery Channel reality television show The Big Brain Theory, Pure Genius, where the winner of the show was given $50,000 and a one-year contract to work at WET.


title: Attila section title: Early life and background hierarchical section title: Attila / Early life and background caption reference description: Huns in battle with the Alans. An 1870s engraving after a drawing by Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1805–1880). caption attribution description: Azərbaycanca: Hun əsgərləri. Български: Хуни в битка с алани (историческа живопис от 19 век). Català: Gravat representant genets huns. Els huns, els bàrbars arquetípics, entrant a sac dins el món civilitzat. Dansk: Alanerne, et iransk folk som levede nord og øst for Sortehavet. De bekæmpede hunnerne i 357, men blev selv slået i 370. Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen, (Hunnerne i kamp med alanerne), maleri af Johann Nepomuk Geiger, 1873. Deutsch: „Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen“: Darstellung (1873) von Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1805–1880). Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen. "Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen": Phantasiedarstellung (1873) von Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1805-1880). Die Reitkunst und Bewaffnung der Hunnen sind vermutlich realistisch dargestellt. Auch das Fehlen der Steigbügel entspricht der Realität. Die dargestellte asiatische Physiognomie erweckt den Eindruck von Homogenität, der wohl nicht der Wahrheit entspricht. "Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen": Phantasiedarstellung (1873) von Johann Nepomuk Geiger. English: Huns in battle with the Alans, 1870s engraving after a drawing by Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1805-1880). Huns in battle with the Alans, by Peter Johann Nepomuk Geiger. Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen [Tr., The Huns in battle with the Alans] (Johann Nepomuk Geiger, 1873) The Alans, an Iranian people who lived north and east of the Black Sea, were Europe's first line of defence against the Asiatic Huns. They were dislocated and settled throughout the Roman Empire. Español: Los hunos luchando contra los Alanos por Johann Nepomuk Geiger 1870. فارسی: سواران هون. حکاکی دههٔ ۱۸۷۰ بر اساس نقاشی از یوهان نپوموک گیگر (۱۸۰۵ - ۱۸۸۰). Français : "Les Huns au combat contre les Alains": Illustration (1873) de Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1805-1880). Les Huns au combat contre les Alains : illustration de Geiger (1873) . Le combat des Huns et des Alains. L'invasion des Huns précipita le déclin de l'empire romain d'Occident. Illustration de Geiger (1873): Les Huns au combat contre les Alains. Frysk: Ridende Hunnen, troch Johann Nepomuk Geiger. Hunnen befjochtsje de Alanen. Hrvatski: Huni u bitci. Հայերեն: Հոները` քոչվոր մոնղոլները, որոնց արշավանքների պատճառով սկսվեց Ժողովուրդների Մեծ Գաղթը:. Bahasa Indonesia: Pasukan berkuda Hun. Italiano: Gli Unni in battaglia in un'illustrazione ottocentesca. 日本語: フン族を描いた19世紀の歴史画. アラン族と戦うフン族。ヨハン・ネポムク・ガイガー画（1873）. Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen [Tr., アラン人との戦いにおけるフン族] （ペーテル・ヨハン・ネポムーク・ガイガー：1873年） 黒海の北と東に住むイラン系であるアラン人は、アジア系フン族に対するヨーロッパ最初の防衛線であった。ローマ帝国を通じて混乱させ入植した。. Қазақша: Ғұндар Аландармен соғыста. Latina: Die Hunnen im Kampf mit den Alanen, Ioannes Nepomuk Geiger pinxit. Lietuvių: Hunų kariai (XIX a. paveikslas). content: Attila, frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, and Alans among others, in Central and Eastern Europe.
During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in 441 by an invasion of the Eastern Roman Empire, the success of which emboldened Attila to invade the West. He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul, crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum before being stopped in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains.
He subsequently invaded Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but was unable to take Rome. He planned for further campaigns against the Romans, but died in 453. After Attila's death, his close adviser, Ardaric of the Gepids, led a Germanic revolt against Hunnic rule, after which the Hunnic Empire quickly collapsed.


title: Channing Gibson hierarchical section title: Channing Gibson caption reference description: Gibson in 2018 caption attribution description: English: Channing Gibson in 2018 content: Richard Channing Gibson is an American television writer and producer. He worked in both capacities with St. Elsewhere and NYPD Blue. He is one of the creators of the drama series Murder One and The Byrds of Paradise.


title: Southern Illinois University Carbondale section title: History hierarchical section title: Southern Illinois University Carbondale / History caption reference description: The Pulliam Hall clock tower has a carillon that is regularly played. This landmark tower has been incorporated into the logo of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. caption attribution description: English: Top of the Pulliam Hall clock tower content: Southern Illinois University is a public research university in Carbondale, Illinois. Founded in 1869, SIU is the oldest campus of the Southern Illinois University system. The university enrolls students from all 50 states as well as more than 100 countries. SIU offers 3 associate, 100 bachelor's, 73 master's, and 36 Ph.D programs in addition to professional degrees in architecture, law, and medicine.


title: 1982 Ohio gubernatorial election hierarchical section title: 1982 Ohio gubernatorial election caption reference description: County results
Celeste:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Brown:      40-50%      50-60%      60-70% content: Gubernatorial elections were held in Ohio on November 2, 1982. Dick Celeste of the Democratic Party was elected with 59% of the vote.
Hamilton County would not vote Democratic in a gubernatorial contest again until 2018.


title: California Central Railway section title: Santa Fe hierarchical section title: California Central Railway / Santa Fe caption reference description: A map of "The Santa Fé Route" and subsidiary lines as published in an 1891 issue of the Grain Dealers and Shippers Gazetteer caption attribution description: English: An Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Route Map from the 1891 Grain Dealers and Shippers Gazetteer. content: The California Central Railway was incorporated on April 23, 1887, with headquarters in San Bernardino, California. George O. Manchester was the President of the corporation.
At its peak it operated 250 miles of rail line with 14 steam locomotives, 14 passenger cars and 83 freight cars. It operated rail lines from May 20, 1887, to November 7, 1889. On December 31, 1888, the California Central Railway was valued at $12,914,000.00.
On November 7, 1889, California Central Railway was consolidated with the California Southern Railroad and the Redondo Beach Railway into the Southern California Railway Company. On June 30, 1888, it began operations as a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.


title: 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade section title: Service history hierarchical section title: 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade / Service history caption reference description: Suez Canal, the Sinai Desert and Southern Palestine caption attribution description: English: Map of the Northern and Central Sinai area in World War I. caption alt text description: A 1917 black and white line drawing map showing the Mediterranean Sea coastline of the Sinai Peninsula, with Port Said and the Suez Canal shown at far left and Rafa and the Egypt/Palestine border shown at far right. A small inset at bottom right shows the wider area of Egypt and Palestine. content: The 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade was a brigade-sized formation that served alongside British Empire forces in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, during World War I. Originally called the Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade it was formed from Imperial Service Troops provided by the Indian Princely States of Jodhpur, Hyderabad, Mysore, Patiala and Alwar which each provided a regiment of lancers. A maximum of three regiments served in the brigade at any one time. The states of Kashmir, Idar and Kathiawar provided smaller detachments for the brigade, which was at times reinforced by other British Empire regiments and artillery batteries when on operations.
In October 1914, the Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade was moved by sea to Egypt to become part of the Force in Egypt defending the Suez Canal. In the first three years of the war, the soldiers were involved in several small-scale battles connected to the First Suez Offensive, but spent most of their time patrolling in the Sinai Desert and along the west bank of the canal.


title: Robert Russ (painter) hierarchical section title: Robert Russ (painter) caption reference description: Palazzo Del Cammello, 1882 caption attribution description: German: Blick auf den Palazzo del Cammello in Venedig content: Robert Russ, was an Austrian painter.


title: Ratsat hierarchical section title: Ratsat caption reference description: The launch of RatSat on the fourth flight of the Falcon 1 caption attribution description: Liftoff of Falcon 1 Flight 4 on September 29, 2008, carrying Ratsat demo content: Ratsat, or DemoSat, was a 165-kilogram non-functional boilerplate spacecraft used as a mass simulator on the fourth flight of the Falcon 1 rocket, launched 28 September 2008.
The Falcon 1 launch that carried Ratsat to orbit was the first successful orbital launch of any privately funded and developed, liquid-propellant carrier rocket, the SpaceX Falcon 1, something only six nations had successfully accomplished previously.
The launch, identified as Falcon 1 Flight 4, was conducted by SpaceX, and also marked the first time the Falcon 1 rocket successfully achieved orbit, after three consecutive failures on the three previous launch attempts.
Ratsat remained bolted to the second stage of the carrier rocket after reaching low Earth orbit. It has a hexagonal prism shape, 1.5 m long.


title: Makenyats Vank section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Makenyats Vank / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Khachkars lining the exterior wall of Makenyats Vank, Makenis, Gegharkunik Province, Armenia content: Makenyats Vank is a 9th–13th century Armenian monastery located 5 kilometres south of Lake Sevan in the village of Makenis in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The monastery was founded in 851 with the construction of the central S. Astvatsatsin Church by Prince Grigor Supan II, the son of Princess Mariam, who was also the founder of Kotavank in Nerkin Getashen, Armenia. Makenyats Vank served as a major cultural and educational center for the medieval province of Gegharkunik.


title: Kyushu Railway Company section title: Main lines hierarchical section title: Kyushu Railway Company / Lines / Main lines caption reference description: 885 series White Sonic limited express EMU caption attribution description: 日本語: 特急ソニックに使用される885系。2006年8月29日に日豊本線宇島駅でUE-PON2600が撮影。 English: Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) 885 series "Sonic" EMU at Unoshima Station Français : Séries 885 "Sonic" de la Kyūshū Railway Company (JR Kyūshū) à la gare Unoshima. content: The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu, is one of the constituent companies of Japan Railways Group. It operates intercity rail services in Kyushu, Japan and the JR Kyushu Jet Ferry Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.


title: HAL Dhruv section title: Military variants hierarchical section title: HAL Dhruv / Variants / Military variants caption reference description: A HAL Dhruv military variant with cargo bay open caption attribution description: English: Indian Army HAL Dhruv (serial IA-1133) on display at Farnborough Airshow 2008 content: The HAL Dhruv is a utility helicopter designed and developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. The development of the Dhruv was announced in November 1984, and it was subsequently designed with assistance from MBB in Germany. The helicopter first flew in 1992; however, its development was prolonged due to multiple factors including the Indian Army's requirement for design changes, budget restrictions, and sanctions placed on India following the 1998 Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
The Dhruv entered service in 2002. It is designed to meet the requirement of both military and civil operators, with military variants of the helicopter being developed for the Indian Armed Forces, while a variant for civilian/commercial use has also been developed. The helicopter was first exported to Nepal and Israel.
Military versions in production include transport, utility, reconnaissance and medical evacuation variants. Based on the Dhruv platform, the HAL Light Combat Helicopter a dedicated attack helicopter and HAL Light Utility Helicopter, a utility and observation helicopter, are currently being developed. As of August 2013, more than 200 HAL Dhruv have been produced for different customers.


title: Orange County, California hierarchical section title: Orange County, California caption attribution description: English: The City of Newport Beach July 2014 photo D Ramey Logan content: Orange County is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,010,232, making it the third-most populous county in California, the sixth most populous in the U.S., and more populous than 21 U.S. states. Although mostly suburban, it is the second most densely populated county in the state, behind San Francisco County. Each of the county's three most populous cities, Anaheim, Santa Ana and Irvine has a population exceeding 200,000. Huntington Beach, the fourth most populous city, has a population of slightly under 200,000 people. Six cities are on the Pacific coast, including Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Dana Point, and San Clemente.
Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county has 34 incorporated cities. Older cities like Santa Ana, Anaheim, and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century, while newer commercial development or "edge cities" stretch along I-5 between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex, and cluster at Irvine Spectrum.


title: History of the Second Avenue Subway section title: 2016–present: Second phase hierarchical section title: History of the Second Avenue Subway / 2016–present: Second phase caption reference description: The location of the planned Phase 2 station at 106th Street and Second Avenue caption attribution description: English: Intersection of 2nd Avenue and East 106th Street in East Harlem, Manhattan content: The Second Avenue Subway, a New York City Subway line that runs under Second Avenue on the East Side of Manhattan, has been proposed since 1920. The first phase of the line, consisting of three stations on the Upper East Side, started construction in 2007 and opened in 2017, ninety-seven years after the route was first proposed. Up until the 1960s, many distinct plans for the Second Avenue subway line were never carried out, though small segments were built in the 1970s. The complex reasons for these delays are why the line is sometimes called "the line that time forgot".
The line was originally proposed in 1920 as part of a massive expansion of what would become the Independent Subway System. The Great Depression crushed the original proposal, and lack of funds scuttled numerous revivals throughout the 20th century. Meanwhile, the elevated lines along Second Avenue and Third Avenue, which the Second Avenue Line was intended to replace, were respectively demolished in 1942 and 1955, leaving the Lexington Avenue Subway as the only rapid transit line on much of Manhattan's east side.


title: Żuławy Wiślane section title: After the Partitions of Poland hierarchical section title: Żuławy Wiślane / History / After the Partitions of Poland caption reference description: House with arcade in Bystrze from the first quarter of the 19th century – an architectural remnant of the Olędrzy (Holländern) in Żuławy caption attribution description: Polski: dom podcieniowy we wsi Bystrze This is a photo of a monument in Poland identified by the ID 636840 content: Żuławy Wiślane is the alluvial delta area of Vistula, in the northern part of Poland, in large part reclaimed artificially by means of dykes, pumps, channels and extensive drainage system. Its shape is similar to a reversed triangle formed by branching of Vistula into two separate rivers, Leniwka and Nogat at its height, confined by rivers themselves, and closed by Mierzeja Wiślana at its base. It is a deforested, agricultural plain that covers 1000 square km.