title: Philippine Revolution section title: Enlightenment hierarchical section title: Philippine Revolution / Origins / Opening of Manila to world trade / Enlightenment caption reference description: The Ilustrados photographed gathered steps of an imperious Madrid building (ca.1890) aptly illustrate the way the Filipinos mobilized their defense against European racism through bourgeois satorial style. caption attribution description: English: Filipino Ilustrados in Madrid (ca.1890) content: The Philippine Revolution, called the Tagalog War by the Spanish, was a revolution and subsequent conflict fought between the people and insurgents of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities of the Spanish East Indies, under the Spanish Empire.
The Philippine Revolution began in August 1896, when the Spanish authorities discovered the Katipunan, an anti-colonial secret organization. The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, began to influence much of the Philippines. During a mass gathering in Caloocan, the leaders of the Katipunan organized themselves into a revolutionary government, named the newly established government "Haring Bayang Katagalugan", and openly declared a nationwide armed revolution. Bonifacio called for an attack on the capital city of Manila. This attack failed; however, the surrounding provinces began to revolt. In particular, rebels in Cavite led by Mariano Álvarez and Emilio Aguinaldo won early major victories. A power struggle among the revolutionaries led to Bonifacio's death in 1897, with command shifting to Aguinaldo, who led the newly formed revolutionary government.


title: Isaac Maliyamungu section title: Rise in the ranks hierarchical section title: Isaac Maliyamungu / Biography / Official under Idi Amin / Rise in the ranks caption reference description: Maliyamungu was one of the closest confidants of President Idi Amin (pictured 1977). caption attribution description: English: Amin in military fatigues, April 1977 English: Cropped portrait of Idi Ain content: Isaac Maliyamungu, also known as Isaac Lugonzo, was a military officer of the Uganda Army who served as one of President Idi Amin's most important officials and supporters during the Ugandan military dictatorship of 1971–79. Born in Zaire, Maliyamungu was one of the members of the 1971 coup that brought Amin to power, and was thereafter responsible for brutally suppressing dissidents throughout the country. Rising in the ranks, Maliyamungu amassed great power and earned a feared reputation. He was responsible for the mass murder of civilians and soldiers suspected of being disloyal to Amin.
As the Ugandan military dictatorship weakened and Amin's support eroded among the country's masses and elite, Maliyamungu was one of his few remaining trusted confidants. After the Uganda–Tanzania War's outbreak in 1978, Maliyamungu held important military commands, but had little success in combat against the Tanzania People's Defence Force. When the Tanzanians and their Ugandan rebel allies overthrew Amin's government in 1979, Maliyamungu fled to Zaire, where he intended to become a businessman.


title: Stony Rapids section title: Transportation hierarchical section title: Stony Rapids / Transportation caption reference description: Stony Rapids Air Terminal caption attribution description: English: Stony Rapids Airport terminal. content: Stony Rapids is a northern hamlet in Northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located 82 kilometres south of the border to the Northwest Territories, the community is astride the Fond du Lac River. This river connects the community to Fond-du-Lac, Uranium City and Camsell Portage.


title: History of the Netherlands section title: Habsburg rule from Spain hierarchical section title: History of the Netherlands / Burgundian and Habsburg period (1433–1567) / Habsburg rule from Spain caption reference description: Desiderius Erasmus, 1466–1536, Rotterdam Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest and theologian, by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1523. content: The History of the Netherlands is a history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe. Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman Empire. This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards. As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north and coastal areas, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks in the south.
During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Carolingian dynasty came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe. The region nowadays corresponding to the Netherlands therefore became part of Lower Lotharingia within the Frankish Holy Roman Empire. For several centuries, lordships such as Brabant, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, Guelders and others held a changing patchwork of territories. There was no unified equivalent of the modern Netherlands.


title: Electron microscope hierarchical section title: Electron microscope caption reference description: Electron microscope constructed by Ernst Ruska in 1933 caption attribution description: First Electron Microscope with Resolving Power Higher than that of a Light Microscope Ernst Ruska, Berlin 1933 Replica by Ernst Ruska, 1980 For the first time the apparatus had a condensor in front of the specimen and two magnifying lenses. Magnification is around 12,000 times content: An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than light microscopes and can reveal the structure of smaller objects. A scanning transmission electron microscope has achieved better than 50 pm resolution in annular dark-field imaging mode and magnifications of up to about 10,000,000× whereas most light microscopes are limited by diffraction to about 200 nm resolution and useful magnifications below 2000×.
Electron microscopes use shaped magnetic fields to form electron optical lens systems that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope.
Electron microscopes are used to investigate the ultrastructure of a wide range of biological and inorganic specimens including microorganisms, cells, large molecules, biopsy samples, metals, and crystals. Industrially, electron microscopes are often used for quality control and failure analysis.


title: 100 Great Black Britons section title: Top 10 hierarchical section title: 100 Great Black Britons / 2003 poll results / Top 10 caption reference description: Writer and enslaved woman content: 100 Great Black Britons was the first poll to vote for and celebrate the greatest Black Britons of all time. It was created in response to the 100 Greatest Britons poll and television series, which did not feature any Black Britons in its final published listings.


title: List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Huron County section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Huron County / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Albert E. Sleeper House, Bad Axe MI c. 1919 This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 72000619 content: The following is a list of Michigan State Historic Sites in Huron County, Michigan. Sites marked with a dagger are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Huron County, Michigan.


title: Vijayanagara Empire section title: Social life hierarchical section title: Vijayanagara Empire / Culture / Social life caption reference description: Nāga (snake) stone worship at Hampi. caption attribution description: Serpent Deity Reliefs at Hampi, Karnataka content: The Vijayanagara Empire was based in the Deccan Plateau region in South India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty, members of a pastoralist cowherd community that claimed Yadava lineage. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts by the southern powers to ward off Islamic invasions by the end of the 13th century. At its peak it had subjugated almost all of South India's ruling families and the Sultans of the Deccan region thus becoming a notable power. It lasted until 1646, although its power declined after a major military defeat in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 by the combined armies of the Deccan sultanates. The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India. The writings of medieval European travelers such as Domingo Paes, Fernão Nunes, and Niccolò Da Conti, and the literature in local languages provide crucial information about its history. Archaeological excavations at Vijayanagara have revealed the empire's power and wealth.


title: West Edmonton Mall section title: Mayfield Toyota Ice Palace hierarchical section title: West Edmonton Mall / Major attractions / Mayfield Toyota Ice Palace caption reference description: Ice Palace caption attribution description: English: The Ice Palace at the West Edmonton Mall during the 2015 The Brick youth hockey tournament caption alt text description: An ice hockey rink seen from a second story above it. There are two teams playing at the far end. People are watching the game from both levels; there are stores behind them. Above the rink is a glass ceiling from which advertising banners hang promoting the tournament sponsors, as well as the Canadian and U.S. flags content: West Edmonton Mall is a shopping mall located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is the most visited mall in Canada, followed by Metrotown Mall in Burnaby, and the 23rd largest in the world by gross leasable area. It is currently the largest shopping mall in North America and was the world's largest mall until 2004. The mall was founded by the Ghermezian brothers, who emigrated from Iran in 1959. Its major anchors include Hudson's Bay, London Drugs, La Maison Simons, The Brick, and Winners/HomeSense.
West Edmonton Mall covers a gross area of about 490,000 m². It holds over 800 stores and services including nine attractions, two hotels and over 100 dining venues in the complex, and parking for more than 20,000 vehicles. More than 24,000 people are employed at the property. The mall receives about 32 million visitors per year; it attracts between 90,000 and 200,000 shoppers daily, depending on the day and season. The mall was valued at $926 million in January 2007, and in 2016, for tax purposes, it was valued at $1.3034 billion, making it the most valuable property in Edmonton.


title: Hugh Linaker hierarchical section title: Hugh Linaker caption reference description: Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden (Melbourne) caption attribution description: English: Memorial at the Royal Botanic Gardens content: Hugh Linaker was a gardener and landscape gardener, who worked on various local and state government projects in the State of Victoria, Australia.
Originally hailing from Ballarat, he was appointed as the Curator of Parks and Gardens for Ararat 1901 where he landscaped the Ararat Botanic Gardens, today better known as Alexandra Park. He applied, and was successful in 1912, to become the 'landscape gardener, Hospital for the Insane,' a position he held until 1937.
It is in this role, that Linaker produced multiple designs for the government, and is particularly well-known for his landscape planning associated with psychiatric hospitals.
Grounds designed by Linaker for the government include Alexandra Park, Ararat, Aradale Asylum, Buchan Caves, Maroondah Reservoir Park, May Day Hills/Beechworth Asylum, Mont Park, Pioneer Women's Memorial Garden within the King's Domain, Sunbury Asylum, Yarra Bend Park, and the SEC company town of Yallourn
He also was involved in the design of private gardens, alos the Los Angeles Laker down in Downtown Los Angeles the best-known of which is Burnham Beeches in Sherbrooke, Dandenong Ranges.


title: Lums Pond State Park hierarchical section title: Lums Pond State Park caption reference description: A view of a picnic area along the edge of Lums Pond content: Lums Pond State Park is a 1,790-acre Delaware state park near Bear, New Castle County, Delaware in the United States. The park surrounds Lums Pond, an impoundment built by the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal on St. Georges Creek. The C&D built the pond as a source of water to fill the locks of the canal that connected the Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware River during the early 19th century. Lums Pond State Park is open for a wide variety of year-round recreation.


title: Bryn Arvon and Gwyn Arvon hierarchical section title: Bryn Arvon and Gwyn Arvon caption reference description: Gwyn Arvon seen through nearby trees caption attribution description: English: Through-the-trees view of Gwyn Arvon, located on Arvon Road at Arvonia in Cumberland County, Virginia, United States. Built in 1892, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: Bryn Arvon and Gwyn Arvon are two historic homes located at Arvonia, Buckingham County, Virginia. They were built about 1891–1892, and are two slate-covered Queen Anne style dwellings. Also on the property are a contributing garage, water tower, barn, two entrance piers, the site of a house foundation, a pump house, and a storage building.
The houses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.


title: Lower Slide Lake hierarchical section title: Lower Slide Lake caption reference description: with Gros Ventre landslide field right background caption attribution description: Photo in or around Grand Teton National Park content: Lower Slide Lake is located in Bridger-Teton National Forest, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The natural lake was created on June 23, 1925 when the Gros Ventre landslide dammed the Gros Ventre River. The lake was once much larger, however part of the rock dam failed less than two years later, on May 18, 1927, causing deadly flooding downstream. The lake waters have natural and stocked fish including lake and Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout, and mountain whitefish.


title: Annick Lodge and Greenville section title: Architectural features hierarchical section title: Annick Lodge and Greenville / Annick Lodge's landscape components / Architectural features caption reference description: William Aiton's map of 1811 showing Greenvale (sic) caption attribution description: English: A map of Ayrshire showing Dunduff Castle and the roads and trackways. Scotland. content: Annick Lodge is an estate between Perceton and Cunninghamhead in North Ayrshire, Scotland.


title: Streetcars in North America section title: Purported conspiracies hierarchical section title: Streetcars in North America / History / Decline / Purported conspiracies caption reference description: Pacific Electric Railway streetcars stacked at a junkyard on Terminal Island, March 1956 caption attribution description: 50895097509250725052513450775083505551095099512751405147506951075106514451325087505751695067?????5143514651505139????5142509550535136516850765051 English: Title: Pacific Electric Railway cars piled atop one another at junkyard on Terminal Island, Calif., 1956 Published caption AWAITING DESTRUCTION--Old Pacific Electric cars are piled up like toys at junkyard on Terminal Island, awaiting dismantling to become scrap metal. Publication Los Angeles Times Publication date March 19, 1956 Genre News photographs Phys. descr. 1 photograph : b&w negative ; 10 x 12.5 cm. Source Los Angeles Times photographic archive, Digital collectons — UCLA Library: http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0002tqg9 Copyright Regents of the University of California, UCLA Library. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. Photo ID uclalat_1429_b268_97903 Copyright contact UCLA Charles E. Young Research Library Department of Special Collections, A1713 Young Research Library, Box 951575, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575. E-mail: spec-coll@library.ucla.edu. Phone: (310) 825-4988Polski: Tramwaje Pacific Electric Railway na złomowsku w Los Angeles, Marzec 1956 content: Streetcars or trolleys were once the chief mode of public transit in hundreds of North American cities and towns. Most of the original urban streetcar systems were either dismantled in the mid-20th century or converted to other modes of operation, such as light rail. Today, only Toronto still operates a streetcar network essentially unchanged in layout and mode of operation.
Older surviving lines and systems in Boston, Cleveland, Mexico City, Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and San Francisco were often infrastructure-heavy systems with tunnels, dedicated right-of-way, and long travel distances, or have largely rebuilt their streetcar systems as light rail systems. About 22 North American cities, starting with Edmonton, Calgary and San Diego, have installed new light rail systems, some of which run along historic streetcar corridors. A few recent cases feature mixed-traffic street-running operation like a streetcar. Portland, Oregon, Seattle, and Salt Lake City have built both modern light rail and modern streetcar systems, while Tucson and Atlanta have built new modern streetcar lines.


title: Tanja M. Schuster hierarchical section title: Tanja M. Schuster caption reference description: Polygonum alpinum alaskana caption attribution description: Aconogonon alaskanum syn. Polygonum alaskanum, Denali National Park and Preserve, AK, USA content: Tanja Magdalena Schuster is a taxonomist from Kaindorf, Austria and the first Pauline Ladiges Plant Systematics Fellow, holding a joint position with the School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. Schuster also worked as curator of the Norton-Brown Herbarium at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In 2011, Schuster created the genus Duma for some species previously placed in Muehlenbeckia, but which were shown by molecular phylogenetic studies to form a distinct clade. The name is derived from the Latin for "thorn-bush."


title: Balranald section title: Developments to 1900 hierarchical section title: Balranald / History / Developments to 1900 caption reference description: St Barnabas Anglican Church caption attribution description: St Barnabas Anglican church at Balranald, New South Wales content: Balranald is a town and local government area in the Riverina district of New South Wales, Australia.
The town of Balranald is located where the Sturt Highway crosses the Murrumbidgee River in a remote, semi-desert area. Although it is part of New South Wales, Balranald receives Victorian television stations, with a range of Sydney and Melbourne newspapers available.
Balranald was featured heavily in 2010–2015 Australian tourism ads, displaying the natural flora of the region with over 30 subspecies of shrubs native to Balranald and its surrounds.


title: American Locomotive Company section title: Steam locomotives hierarchical section title: American Locomotive Company / Steam locomotives caption reference description: Milwaukee Road 261, a 1944 American 4-8-4 steam locomotive caption attribution description: English: Side angle view of MILW 261 steam locomotive at Harrison Street in Minneapolis, MN content: The American Locomotive Company was an American manufacturer of locomotives, diesel generators, steel and tanks. The company was formed in 1901 by the merger of Schenectady Locomotive Engine Manufactory of Schenectady, New York, with seven smaller locomotive manufacturers. The American Locomotive Automobile Company subsidiary designed and manufactured automobiles under the Alco brand from 1905 to 1913 and produced nuclear energy from 1954 to 1962.
The company changed its name to Alco Products, Incorporated in 1955. In 1964, the Worthington Corporation acquired the company. The company went out of business in 1969.
The name is currently being used by Fairbanks Morse Engine for their FMALCO line.


title: Queen Kwong hierarchical section title: Queen Kwong caption reference description: Carré Callaway, aka Queen Kwong, in London caption attribution description: English: Black & white photo of Carré Calloway, aka Queen Kwong, in London. caption alt text description: Carré Callaway, aka Queen Kwong, in London content: Queen Kwong is an American indie rock band founded in Los Angeles, California. The band was founded by multi-instrumentalist Carré Callaway, the band's sole singer and songwriter who was discovered at age 17 by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails.


title: Smith Hill Historic District hierarchical section title: Smith Hill Historic District caption reference description: Holden Street Providence, part of Smith Hill Historic District caption attribution description: English: Holden Street, Providence, Rhode Island content: The Smith Hill Historic District is a historic district located in northwestern Providence, Rhode Island, just west of the Rhode Island State House and Interstate 95. It includes 57-65 Brownell Street, 73-114 Holden Street, 23-80 Jewett Street, 189-240 Smith Street and 10-18 W. Park Street. This area is a densely built residential section, an isolated remnant of what was once a larger residential area. Most of the 41 properties are residential units built between 1870 and 1930, and are typically 2-1/2 or 3-1/2 stories in height. They are set on lot sizes ranging generally from 3000 to 5000 square feet, and are set close to the sidewalk. The only major non-residential buildings are St. Patrick's School at 244 Smith Street and "The Mohican" at 185-189 Smith Street; the latter is an Art Deco brick and concrete commercial block two stories in height.
The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.


title: Bob Kerrey section title: Medal of Honor citation hierarchical section title: Bob Kerrey / Military service / Medal of Honor citation caption reference description: The U.S. Navy's variant of the Medal of Honor. caption attribution description: English: Medal of Honor, US Navy content: Joseph Robert Kerrey is an American politician who served as the 35th Governor of Nebraska from 1983 to 1987 and as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1989 to 2001. Before entering politics, he served in the Vietnam War as a United States Navy SEAL officer and was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in combat. During the action for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor, he was severely wounded, precluding further naval service.
Kerrey was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1992. He retired from the Senate in 2000 and was replaced by former Governor and fellow Democrat Ben Nelson. From 2001 to 2010, he served as president of The New School, a university in New York City. In May 2010, he was selected to become the head of the Motion Picture Association of America. The MPAA, however, could not reach an agreement with him and chose former Connecticut Senator Chris Dodd instead.
In 2012, Kerrey sought election to his old Senate seat to succeed retiring Democratic incumbent Ben Nelson. He lost to Republican nominee Deb Fischer.
In 2013, Kerrey joined the Carmen Group lobbying firm.


title: Dandagaun, Kavrepalanchok hierarchical section title: Dandagaun, Kavrepalanchok caption reference description: Belagaun of Dandagaun VDC caption attribution description: English: Bela gaon in Kavrepalanchok District in Nepal. caption alt text description: Belagaun of Dandagaun VDC content: Dandagaun is a Village Development Committee in Kabhrepalanchok District in Bagmati Pradesh of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2365 and had 374 houses in it.


title: Elliott Sharp section title: Solo hierarchical section title: Elliott Sharp / Discography / Solo caption reference description: Elliott Sharp live at Jazz Festival in Saalfelden, 2009 caption attribution description: English: Elliott Sharp live at Saalfelden 2009 Italiano: Elliott Sharp live a Saalfelden 2009 content: Elliott Sharp is an American contemporary classical composer, multi-instrumentalist, and performer.
A central figure in the avant-garde and experimental music scene in New York City since the late 1970s, Sharp has released over eighty-five recordings ranging from contemporary classical, avant-garde, free improvisation, jazz, experimental, and orchestral music to noise, no wave, and electronic music. He pioneered the use of personal computers in live performance with his Virtual Stance project of the 1980s. He has used algorithms and fibonacci numbers in experimental composition since the 1970s. He has cited literature as an inspiration for his music and often favors improvisation. He is an inveterate performer, playing mainly guitar, saxophone and bass clarinet. Sharp has led many ensembles over the years, including the blues-oriented Terraplane and Orchestra Carbon.


title: List of Catholic basilicas section title: Basilicas in North and Central America and the Caribbean hierarchical section title: List of Catholic basilicas / Basilicas in North and Central America and the Caribbean caption attribution description: English: National Shrine of the Little Flower (Royal Oak, MI) - nave, view from balcony content: This is a complete list of basilicas of the Catholic Church. A basilica is a church with certain privileges conferred on it by the Pope.
Not all churches with "basilica" in their title actually have the ecclesiastical status, which can lead to confusion, since it is also an architectural term for a church-building style.
In the 18th century, the term took on a canonical sense, unrelated to this architectural style. Basilicas in this canonical sense are divided into major and minor basilicas. Today only four, all in the Diocese of Rome, are classified as major basilicas: the major basilicas of St John Lateran, St Peter's, St Paul outside the Walls, and St Mary Major. The other canonical basilicas are minor basilicas.
By canon law no Catholic church can be honoured with the title of basilica unless by apostolic grant or from immemorial custom. The Basilica di San Nicola da Tolentino was the first minor basilica to be canonically created, in 1783. The 1917 Code of Canon Law officially recognised churches using the title of basilica from immemorial custom as having such a right to the title of minor basilica. Such churches are referred to as immemorial basilicas.


title: Josiah Henson hierarchical section title: Josiah Henson caption reference description: Josiah Henson in 1877 caption attribution description: Josiah Henson content: Josiah Henson was an author, abolitionist, and minister. Born into slavery, in Port Tobacco, Charles County, Maryland, he escaped to Upper Canada in 1830, and founded a settlement and laborer's school for other fugitive slaves at Dawn, near Dresden, in Kent County, Upper Canada, of Ontario. Henson's autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself, is believed to have inspired the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Following the success of Stowe's novel, Henson issued an expanded version of his memoir in 1858, Truth Stranger Than Fiction. Father Henson's Story of His Own Life. Interest in his life continued, and nearly two decades later, his life story was updated and published as Uncle Tom's Story of His Life: An Autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson.


title: Mary Van Duzer-Sayer House hierarchical section title: Mary Van Duzer-Sayer House caption reference description: Front (east) elevation and north profile,
with work on house, 2008 caption attribution description: English: Mary Van Duzer-Sayer House, Mountainville, NY, USA content: The Mary Van Duzer-Sayer House is the main residence of a 154-acre former farm on Taylor Road near the hamlet of Mountainville in the Town of Cornwall, New York, United States. It is a stone Federal style house built in 1832.
Mary Van Duzer was the granddaughter of Isaac Van Duzer, one of Cornwall's early settlers and landowners. The farm she built with her husband was the southern tip of her grandfather's original landholdings. It remained in her family until 1903. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Sports Center Station (Ningbo) hierarchical section title: Sports Center Station (Ningbo) caption reference description: Sports Center Station，in 30 June 2019 caption attribution description: 中文: 宁波地铁3号线体育馆站 content: Sports Center Station is an underground metro station of Line 3 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.It situates on the crossing of Zhongxing Road and Jingjia Road south.It's opened in June 30 2019.


title: Church House (Columbia, Tennessee) hierarchical section title: Church House (Columbia, Tennessee) caption reference description: The Church House in 2013 caption attribution description: English: Church Barrow Locke House content: Church House, also known as the Barrow House, is a historic mansion in Columbia, Tennessee. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Nominated for the National Register on 10/19/78, The Barrow House, which was built in ca. 1873, is one of the best examples the Second
Empire style of architecture in Columbia and one of the grandest late-nineteenth-century
houses in the city. Its decidedly three-dimensional massing, profuse ornamentation, and
the combination of attached and semi-detached dependencies are distinctive. The facade
porch, with its effusive decorative elements, and the bay windows in the east and south
elevations emphasize the horizontal lines of the building and in part balance the predominant verticality
of the tower and mansard roof.
Three blocks west of the court square, the Barrow House is located in a formerly
prestigious neighborhood, an area which still contains a number of large late-nineteenthcentury houses.
The wealthy and prominent of Columbia reside here.
Although the rear of the building has been modified somewhat to add a kitchen,
the facade retains its original appearance. The current owner has gone through extensive
renovations.


title: Shahrisabz hierarchical section title: Shahrisabz caption attribution description: English: Kok-Gumbaz mosque, mausoleums and madrasa. The Kok-Gumbaz mosque (blue dome) is seen from the front in the background; it dates from 1435–1436. In front of the mosque are found two mausoleums, including that of the Sufi sheik Shams ad-Din Kulal, and a madrasa (Koranic school). The buildings were restored in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the year 2000.Situated 100 km south of Samarkand, Shahrisabz (formerly named Kesh) is known for being the birthplace of the family of Timur (Tamerlane). To pay homage to his region, he constructed a mausoleum for his son—in which he also wished to be interred—and also a vast palace called Ak-Sarai. The descendants of Timur enriched the city with religious buildings like the Dorout Tiloyat complex. Français : Mosquée Kok-Gumbaz, mausolées et médersa. La mosquée Kok-Gumbaz (coupole bleue) est vue de face au fond, elle date de 1435–1436. Devant la mosquée se trouvent deux mausolées dont celui du cheik soufi Shams ad-Din Kulal et une médersa (école coranique). Les bâtiments ont été restaurés dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle et au début de l'an 2000.Située à 100 km au sud de Samarcande, Shahrisabz est connu pour être la ville natale, (ancien nom Kesh) de la famille de Tamerlan (Amir Timour). Pour rendre hommage à sa région, il fit construire un mausolée pour son fils où il voulait également être enterré mais également un très vaste palais appelé Ak-Sarai. Les descendants de Tamerlan ont enrichi la ville avec des bâtiments religieux comme l'ensemble Dorout Tilovat. content: Shakhrisabz is a city in Qashqadaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand with a population of 100,300. It is located at an altitude of 622 m. Historically known as Kesh or Kish, Shahrisabz was once a major city of Central Asia and was an important urban center of Sogdiana, a province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. It is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th-century Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur.


title: Binche hierarchical section title: Binche caption reference description: The gilles wearing their hat with ostrich feathers. caption attribution description: Français : Binche, les Gilles portant leur chapeau de plumes d’autruche le jour du mardi gras. English: Binche, the Gilles wearing their hat with ostrich feathers on Shrove Tuesday. Deutsch: Binche, Gilles trug ihren Hut die Straußenfedern am Faschingsdienstag. Nederlands: Binche, de Gilles dragen hun hoed met struisvogelveren op dag voor aswoensdag. Walon: Binche, lès gîles pwartant leû tchapê a plumes d’autruche li djoû do crau maurdi. content: Binche is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. On January 1, 2006, Binche had a total population of 32,409. The total area is 60.66 km² which gives a population density of 534 inhabitants per km². Since 1977, the municipality of Binche has gathered the town of Binche itself with seven old municipalities: Bray, Buvrinnes, Epinois, Leval-Trahegnies, Péronnes-lez-Binche, Ressaix and Waudrez.
The motto of the city is "Plus Oultre", which was the motto of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who in 1545 gave the medieval Castle of Binche to his sister, Queen Mary of Hungary. She lavished attention on Binche, which she had rebuilt into Binche Palace under the direction of an architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq, remembered today as the first master of Giambologna. The château, intended to rival Fontainebleau, was destroyed by the soldiers of Henry II of France in 1554.
In 2003, the Carnival of Binche was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.


title: Listed buildings in Herning Municipality section title: The list hierarchical section title: Listed buildings in Herning Municipality / The list caption attribution description: Dansk: Herningsholm. content: This list of listed buildings in Hernin Municipality lists listed buildings in Herning Municipality, Denmark.


title: Kozelets section title: Attractions hierarchical section title: Kozelets / Attractions caption reference description: The cathedral's hand-crafted iconostasis was made in Italy. content: Kozelets is an urban-type settlement in Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kozelets Raion. Kozelets is located on the Oster River, a tributary of the Dnieper. Population: 7,851
The town was first mentioned in written documents in 1098, but its status as an urban-type settlement was granted in 1924.
Notable attractions in the city includes the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin designed in the Ukrainian Baroque style by architects Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi and Andrei Kvasov. Kozelets also houses several local food industries, and a veterinary technicum.


title: Hama offensive (September 2017) hierarchical section title: Hama offensive (September 2017) caption attribution description: English: Patch/Symbol of the Syrian Special Forces. Top caption: A homeland of honor and sincerityوطن شرف إخلاص Bottom caption: Special unitsالوحدات الخاصة content: The Hama offensive (September 2017), code-named Oh Servants of God, Be Steadfast, was a military offensive launched by rebel groups led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham north of the city Hama, as part of the Syrian Civil War.


title: Van Diemen section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Van Diemen / Gallery caption attribution description: Formula Enterprises driver 17 Scott Rettich celebrates his 2013 SCCA National Championships Runoffs victory between Turn 5 and 6. content: Van Diemen International, Ltd. was a British race car manufacturer based in Snetterton, Norfolk, United Kingdom. The company had a reputation for high-volume production runs of its cars, the most well-known of which is its series of Formula Ford chassis, which have been at the forefront of that class of motorsport for over 20 years and led it to becoming the largest manufacturer of bespoke racing cars in the world.
As well as Formula Ford, Van Diemen built cars for Formula Ford 2000, Sports 2000 and Star Mazda series. The company's purpose-built manufacturing facility was located on the grounds of Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, allowing racing teams to test the cars right off the production line.


title: Manych hierarchical section title: Manych caption reference description: Manych River near Rostov-on-Don - Volgodonsk highway caption attribution description: English: Manych River, near highway Rostov-on-Don - Volgodonsk content: The Manych is a river in the Black Sea–Caspian Steppe of Southern Russia. It flows through the western and central part of the Kuma–Manych Depression. In ancient times, it was known as the Lik.
A tributary of the Don, it is 420 kilometers long, with its current source at the mouth of the Kalaus in the southwestern part of the Republic of Kalmykia. It flows through the town of Proletarsk and joins the Don in Manychskaya, east of the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Along the Manych, going downstream, there are:
Dam at 45.70°N 44.10°E at the mouth of the Kalaus River blocking flow eastward to East Manych
Lysyy Liman Reservoir in between these two dams
A section that is almost dry
Lake Manych-Gudilo
Proletarsk Reservoir
Vesyolovskoye Reservoir.
Ust-Manych Reservoir near the river mouth
The Proletarsk Dam is sufficiently high to raise the water level in Lake Manych-Gudilo upstream from it, so in fact the lake has become part of the Proletarsk Reservoir. The three reservoirs form an almost continuous chain, the original course of the river being almost entirely flooded by them.


title: Erasmo Escala hierarchical section title: Erasmo Escala caption reference description: As Commander-in-chief caption attribution description: Español: Erasmo Escala Arriagada (Valparaíso; 1816 - Santiago; 1884), militar chileno, Comandante en jefe del Ejército durante una parte de la Guerra del Pacífico. content: Erasmo Escala Arriagada was a Chilean soldier who served as commander-in-chief of the army during part of the War of the Pacific.
He was born in Valparaíso, where he also completed his first studies. He joined the Military Academy in 1837. He participated in the battle of Yungay, during the war against the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy, and later in the Pacification of the Araucanía. During the battle of Loncomilla, in the 1851 revolution, he was injured and lost one of his arms.
General Escala was already a veteran when on July 18, 1879, during the War of the Pacific, was called by Domingo Santa María, principal minister of President Aníbal Pinto, to assume command of the army in replacement of General Justo Arteaga, who had just resigned due to political in-fighting.
Santa Maria chose him because a popular soldier was wanted at the head of the army. More to the point, Santa Maria also wanted someone who would be malleable and pliant to his direction. Someone, in brief, that would not hinder his future presidential candidacy.


title: Burketown section title: Morning glory cloud hierarchical section title: Burketown / Climate / Morning glory cloud caption reference description: A Morning Glory cloud near Burketown. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Morning Glory Cloud nahe Burketown content: Burketown is an isolated outback town and coastal locality in the Shire of Burke, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Burketown had a population of 238 people. It is located 898 km west of Cairns on the Albert River and Savannah Way in the area known as the Gulf Savannah. The town is the administrative centre of the vast Burke Shire Council.


title: List of Cornell University alumni (natural sciences) section title: NASA astronauts hierarchical section title: List of Cornell University alumni (natural sciences) / Alumni / NASA astronauts caption reference description: Mae Jemison caption attribution description: English: American astronaut Mae Jemison at Florida's Kennedy Space Center in January 1992. content: This list of Cornell University alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Cornell University, an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, in the field of natural sciences and related subjects.
For other disciplines, see: List of Cornell University alumni.


title: Sioux section title: Westward expansion of the Lakota hierarchical section title: Sioux / History / Westward expansion of the Lakota caption reference description: Illustration of Indians hunting the bison by Karl Bodmer caption attribution description: Deutsch: Karl Bodmer: Indianische Bisonjagd. Tableau 31. In: Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied: Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834, 2 Textbände und 1 Bildatlas mit Illustrationen von Karl Bodmer, J. Hölscher, Koblenz 1839–1841. English: Karl Bodmer: Indians hunting the bison. Tableau 31. In: Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied: Maximilian Prince of Wied’s Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834; Translation H. Evans Lloyd; Achermann & Comp., London 1843–1844. Français : Karl Bodmer: Indiens chassant le bison. Tableau 31. En: Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied: Voyage dans l’interieur de L’Amérique du Nord exécuté pendant les années 1832, 1833 et 1834. Arthus Bertrand, Paris 1840–1843. References: Brandon K. Ruud (Hrsg.): Karl Bodmer’s North American Prints. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha Ne 2004, pp 183-186. ISBN 0803213263 content: The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ. The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.
Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota and Teton were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada.


title: Russell Short section title: Career hierarchical section title: Russell Short / Career caption reference description: Short on the medal podium at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics caption attribution description: English: Australian vision impaired gold medalist thrower Russell Short on the medal podium at the 1992 Paralympic Games in Barcelona. content: Russell Luke Short, OAM is an Australian legally blind athlete, who has competed at eight Paralympics from 1988 to 2016 and won six gold, two silver and four bronze medals at the Games. He competes in discus, javelin, and shot put.


title: Education in Marin County section title: San Rafael hierarchical section title: Education in Marin County / High schools / San Rafael caption reference description: San Rafael High School caption attribution description: San Rafael High School — in San Rafael, Marin County, California. Digital photograph. content: Marin County, California contains many public and private schools and a few higher education institutions.


title: Garuda of Gour section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Garuda of Gour / Biography caption reference description: Mulnicherra, now the oldest tea garden in South Asia, is home to the Harong Hurong cave which Garuda supposedly retreated to. caption attribution description: Tea Garden in Malini chora Sylhet Bangladesh content: Prince Garuda, was a 14th century Hindu prince and heir apparent of King Govardhan of Gour.


title: Company rule in India section title: Regulation of Company rule hierarchical section title: Company rule in India / Regulation of Company rule caption attribution description: English: A view of Calcutta from Fort William (1807). Aquatint with a view of Calcutta from Fort William, from a set of prints published by Edward Orme. New arrivals sailing to the city first passed Fort William. content: Company rule in India was the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey which saw the Company conquest of Mughal Bengal. Later, the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance. By 1818, with the defeat of Marathas followed by the pensioning of the Peshwa and the annexation of his territories, British supremacy in India was complete.
The East India Company was a private company owned by stockholders and reporting to a board of directors in London. Originally formed as a monopoly on trade, it increasingly took on governmental powers with its own army and judiciary. It seldom turned a profit, as employees diverted funds into their own pockets. The British government had little control, and there was increasing anger at the corruption and irresponsibility of Company officials or "nawabs" who made vast fortunes in a few years.


title: Simeon Wheelock section title: Lieutenant Simeon Wheelock house hierarchical section title: Simeon Wheelock / Lieutenant Simeon Wheelock house caption reference description: Simon Wheelock House in 2013 caption attribution description: English: Uxbridge Common District, Main, Court, and Douglas Sts. This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 83004135 content: Simeon Wheelock was a blacksmith from Uxbridge, Massachusetts, who served as a minuteman in the Massachusetts militia during the battles of Lexington and Concord in the American Revolutionary War. After the war he was killed while on militia duty protecting the Springfield Armory during Shays' Rebellion.


title: Shimanovsk hierarchical section title: Shimanovsk caption reference description: Railway Station in Shimanovsk caption attribution description: English: Shimanosk railway station, Amur Oblast, Russia caption alt text description: Railway Station in Shimanovsk content: Shimanovsk is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolshaya Pyora River, 250 kilometers northwest of Blagoveshchensk. Population: 19,815; 22,267; 26,274.


title: Leeds City Museum section title: Ancient Worlds gallery hierarchical section title: Leeds City Museum / The exhibits / Ancient Worlds gallery caption reference description: Hellenistic Greek tomb door caption attribution description: English: Hellenic Greek tomb door. Exhibited at Leeds City Museum, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. content: Leeds City Museum, originally established in 1819, reopened in 2008 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is housed in the former Mechanics' Institute built by Cuthbert Brodrick, in Cookridge Street, which has been redeveloped to a design by Austin-Smith:Lord architects and Buro Happold engineers. Gallery and exhibit design is provided by Redman Design. It one of nine sites in the Leeds Museums & Galleries group.
Admission to the museum is free of charge. Special exhibitions are hosted alongside a collection of displays from the Leeds Archive.


title: Our Lady of Lourdes, Wanstead hierarchical section title: Our Lady of Lourdes, Wanstead caption reference description: Our Lady of Lourdes Church viewed from the front caption attribution description: English: Our Lady of Lourdes Wanstead, from Front. content: Our Lady of Lourdes church is the Catholic parish church for Wanstead in the London Borough of Redbridge and parts of Leytonstone in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is part of the Diocese of Brentwood. The parish priest is Canon Patrick Sammon.


title: Raw intelligence hierarchical section title: Raw intelligence caption reference description: The Zimmerman telegram which was sent by Arthur Zimmermann, proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico in the First World War.  When intercepted by the British, this raw intelligence required decryption, translation and confirmation and then was still just part of the overall case made for US entry into the conflict.[1] caption attribution description: Scope and content: This telegram was sent by German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the President of Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States. In return for Mexican support in the war, Germany would help Mexico regain New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona from the United States. The British intercepted the secret message, deciphered it, and turned it over to the U.S. Government. content: Raw intelligence is raw data gathered by an intelligence operation, such as espionage or signal interception. Such data commonly requires processing and analysis to make it useful and reliable. To turn the raw intelligence into a finished form, the steps required may include decryption, translation, collation, evaluation and confirmation.
In the period after the First World War, British practise was to circulate raw intelligence with little analysis or context. Such direct intelligence was a strong influence on policy-makers. Churchill was especially keen to see raw intelligence and was supplied this by Desmond Morton during his period outside the government. When Churchill became Prime Minister in 1940, he still insisted on receiving raw intelligence and wanted it all until it was explained that the volume was now too great. A selection of daily intercepts was provided to him each day by Bletchley Park and he called these his "golden eggs".
US intelligence has a different tradition from the British.


title: Boophone disticha hierarchical section title: Boophone disticha caption attribution description: Boophone disticha (L. f.) Herb. English: Windball or Sore-eye flower. Flowering after a bush fire along the road between Rukwa and Sumbawanga, Tanzania. Français : Un bulbe à poison en fleur après un feu de broussailles, photographié le long de la route entre Rukwa et Sumbawanga, en Tanzanie. content: Boophone disticha is a bulbous tropical and subtropical flowering plant, endemic to Africa. Commonly called the century plant or tumbleweed, Boophone disticha was first collected in 1781 from South Africa by Swedish botanist Carl Peter Thunberg and described by Linnaeus as Amaryllis disticha. Since that time it has been placed in the genera Brunsvigia and Haemanthus, finally coming to rest as Boophone. The genus itself was written in three ways by the author William Herbert, straining the procedures of the rules of nomenclature. The etymology of the genus is from the Greek bous = ox, and phontes= killer of, a clear warning that eating the plant can be fatal to livestock.
The genus as currently understood includes two or possibly three species. B. disticha is one of the most widely distributed bulbous species in South Africa, readily identified by its fan-like appearance and its bulb half-protruding from the ground. The Khoi, Bushmen and Bantu were aware of its poisonous nature and used parts of the plant medicinally and as an arrow poison.


title: Dimitra Tsiliaskopoulos hierarchical section title: Dimitra Tsiliaskopoulos caption reference description: Dimi Poulous in training for Western Sydney Wanderers caption attribution description: English: Dimitra Tsiliaskopoulos in training for Western Sydney Wanderers content: Dimitra Tsiliaskopoulos, better known as Dimi Poulos is an Australian football goalkeeper who last played for Western Sydney Wanderers in the W-League, as an injury replacement for Young Matildas goalkeeper Mackenzie Arnold.
She has also played in the American W-League and the Spanish league.


title: Pompaples hierarchical section title: Pompaples caption attribution description: Deutsch: Pompaples, Luftaufnahme English: Pompaples, aerial photo Français : Pompaples, vue aérienne content: Pompaples is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.


title: ITC Enschede hierarchical section title: ITC Enschede caption reference description: An aerial view of ITC Building caption attribution description: International Institute of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation content: The International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation was an institute of higher education located in Enschede, Netherlands. As of 1 January 2010 it has been incorporated into the University of Twente as the sixth faculty, while preserving its unique international character as a faculty sui generis, and is now formally known as University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation.


title: Pettigrew Scarp hierarchical section title: Pettigrew Scarp caption reference description: Location of Pettigrew Scarp, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica caption attribution description: Deutsch: Physische Positionskarte Antarktis, Mittabstandstreue Azimutalprojektion English: Physical Location map Antarctica, Azimuthal equidistant projection Longitude of central meridian: 0° Latitude of projection origin: -90° Tangent latitude at the map boundaries: -60°; geographic limits of the map: -135°,-47.57359° to 45°,-47.57359° caption alt text description: Pettigrew Scarp is located in Antarctica content: Pettigrew Scarp is an escarpment nearly 0.5 nautical miles long in the south part of Annenkov Island, South Georgia. It is terminated to the southwest by a ridge, and to the northeast by three rock pinnacles. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Timothy H. Pettigrew, British Antarctic Survey geologist who worked on the island, 1972–73.


title: National Gallery section title: Controversies hierarchical section title: National Gallery / Controversies caption reference description: The restoration of Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne from 1967 to 1968 was a controversial restoration at the National Gallery, due to concern that the painting's tonality had been thrown out of balance.[67] caption attribution description: English: Theseus, whose ship is shown in the distance, has just left Ariadne on Naxos, when Bacchus arrives, jumping from his chariot, drawn by two cheetahs falling immediately in love with Ariadne. Bacchus raised her to heaven. Her constellation is shown in the sky. content: The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900.
The Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge. In 2019, it was ranked seventh in the world on the List of most visited art museums.
Unlike comparable museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that initial purchase the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, especially Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which now account for two-thirds of the collection.


title: Early medieval European dress section title: Male dress hierarchical section title: Early medieval European dress / Male dress caption reference description: King Lothair I is shown in a cloak fastened on one shoulder worn over a long-sleeved tunic and cross-gartered hose, c. 850 content: Early medieval European dress, from about 400 to 1100, changed very gradually. The main feature of the period was the meeting of late Roman costume with that of the invading peoples who moved into Europe over this period. For a period of several centuries, people in many countries dressed differently depending on whether they identified with the old Romanised population, or the new populations such as Franks, Anglo-Saxons, Visigoths. The most easily recognisable difference between the two groups was in male costume, where the invading peoples generally wore short tunics, with belts, and visible trousers, hose or leggings. The Romanised populations, and the Church, remained faithful to the longer tunics of Roman formal costume, coming below the knee, and often to the ankles. By the end of the period, these distinctions had finally disappeared, and Roman dress forms remained mainly as special styles of clothing for the clergy – the vestments that have changed relatively little up to the present day.
Many aspects of clothing in the period remain unknown.


title: Day Estate Historic District hierarchical section title: Day Estate Historic District caption reference description: House at the corner of Commonwealth and Dartmouth caption attribution description: House at the corner of Dartmouth and Commonwealth in Newton, Massachusetts, in the Day Estate Historic District. content: The Day Estate Historic District encompasses part of a subdivided estate at the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street in Newton, Massachusetts, United States. The district is bounded by Commonwealth, Dartmouth, Chestnut, and Prince Streets, and includes six houses located on Commonwealth and Dartmouth. It was originally owned by Henry Day, a banker, who in 1896 built the house at 321 Chestnut Street. The block was subdivided during a building boom in the 1920s, and the new houses were built between 1928 and 1930. All six houses are high quality Tudor Revival structures, five of them designed by William J. Freethey. Day's estate house is now home to the All Newton Music School, and the rest of the northeastern portion of the estate has more modern construction. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Three of the four properties in the district on Commonwealth Avenue were designed by Freethey. The fourth, #1415, was designed by Hawley Morton. The house at #1395 is a cubic building with a strongly French-influenced design.


title: Sharjah section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Sharjah / Gallery caption attribution description: English: A view of Buhairah Corniche from a residential tower in Sharjah, UAE. content: Sharjah is the third largest and third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, forming part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. The emirate of Sharjah borders with Dubai to the south, Ajman and Umm Al Quwain to the north and Ras Al Khaimah to the east. It is the only emirate that overlooks the coastline on the Persian Gulf to the west and the Gulf of Oman to the East, with the eastern Sharjah coastal towns of Kalba and Khor Fakkan.
Sharjah is the capital of the emirate of the same name. Sharjah shares legal, political, military and economic functions with the other emirates of the UAE within a federal framework, although each emirate has jurisdiction over some functions such as civil law enforcement and provision and upkeep of local facilities. Sharjah has been ruled by the Al Qasimi dynasty since the 18th century.
The city is a centre for culture and industry, and alone contributes 7.4% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates. The city covers an approximate area of 235 km² and has a population of over 800,000.


title: Haggagovic section title: Meeting with world leaders hierarchical section title: Haggagovic / Meeting with world leaders caption reference description: Haggagovic meeting Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria caption attribution description: English: The Egyptian traveller and adventurer Ahmed w:Haggagovic and the Pope w:Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria content: Ahmed Haggagovic, is an Egyptian globetrotter, adventurer, TV presenter and expert international tourism specialist. He is awarded as one of the most social media influencers in Middle East and he is the host of the most influential travel TV show in the Arab world Safari Haggagovic aired weekly on ONTV, Haggagovic is also known as "Ibn Batuta of the 21st century" and the "extraordinary ambassador" of Egypt, and the "ambassador of world peace", his mission is to be the first human in history to travel to all the countries of the world, documenting them by videos and photos on his reality travel show, in order to spread the values of peace and love, and to break stereotypes and correct the wrong thoughts about the world's countries.
Haggagovic has visited 141 countries around the world and documented these countries by photos and videos. He has also given lectures for schoolchildren, university students, multinational organisations and cooperations in all the countries he has visited.
Haggagovic has appeared in more than 1500 media organisations, visible and audible in the countries he visits.


title: List of birds of Sumatra section title: Woodshrikes hierarchical section title: List of birds of Sumatra / Woodshrikes caption attribution description: English: Large Woodshrike (Tephrodornis gularis) from Manas National Park, India content: Sumatra is one of the richest islands in Indonesia for animals. Its bird total species is second only to New Guinea. This great wealth is due to the large size of Sumatra, its diversity of habitat and also its past link with the Asian mainland. This following list of birds is based on the taxonomic treatment and scientific nomenclature of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 6th edition.


title: Gunflint Range hierarchical section title: Gunflint Range caption reference description: Shaded-relief image showing Duluth Complex arcing from Duluth to Pigeon Point, interrupting and splitting the Mesabi and Gunflint Ranges content: The Gunflint Range is an iron ore deposit in northern Minnesota in the United States and Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The range extends from the extreme northern portion of Cook County, Minnesota into the Thunder Bay District, Ontario.
The Gunflint Iron Formation is a continuation of the Mesabi Range to the southwest. The two have been separated by the intrusion of the Duluth Gabbro complex. The iron deposit is a banded iron formation of the Early Proterozoic Animikie Group. The Gunflint Iron Formation is overlain by "brecciated and complexly deformed iron formations", which in turn is overlain by ejecta from the "Sudbury meteorite impact event." This Sudbury Impact Layer is overlain by the Rove Formation. Stromatolite structures are evident within the Gunflint Iron Formation.
The cherts of the Gunflint are noted for containing Precambrian microfossils.


title: Meaning of life section title: Kantianism hierarchical section title: Meaning of life / Western philosophical perspectives / Enlightenment philosophy / Kantianism caption reference description: Immanuel Kant is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of the late Enlightenment. content: The meaning of life, or the answer to the question: "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", or "What is the purpose of existence?" There have been many proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question.
The meaning of life as we perceive it is derived from philosophical and religious contemplation of, and scientific inquiries about existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness. Many other issues are also involved, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the "how" of life.


title: Calvin Township, Michigan hierarchical section title: Calvin Township, Michigan caption reference description: Location within Cass County caption attribution description: English: Calvin Township, MI caption alt text description: Location within Cass County content: Calvin Township is a civil township of Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,037 at the 2010 census.


title: Wausaukee, Wisconsin hierarchical section title: Wausaukee, Wisconsin caption reference description: Location of Wausaukee in Marinette County, Wisconsin. content: Wausaukee is a village in Marinette County, Wisconsin, in the United States. The population was 575 at the 2010 census. The village is part of the Marinette, WI–MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.


title: Thurber, Texas hierarchical section title: Thurber, Texas caption reference description: Thurber Historic District caption attribution description: English: Thurber Historic District content: Thurber is an unincorporated community in Erath County, Texas, United States, located 75 miles west of Fort Worth. It was, between 1888 and 1921, one of the largest producers of bituminous coal in Texas and the largest company town in the state, with a population of over 10,000. The population of the community is 48 per the 2010 United States Census.


title: Davenport Glacier hierarchical section title: Davenport Glacier caption reference description: Davenport Glacier - arete - Boston Glacier content: Davenport Glacier is located in a cirque to the southeast of Boston Peak, North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. The glacier is approximately .20 mi in length resting at between 8,000 and 7,500 ft. The glacier is also northeast of Sahale Mountain and separated from the much larger Boston Glacier to the north by an arête called "Ripsaw Ridge".


title: Church murals in Sweden section title: Romanesque murals hierarchical section title: Church murals in Sweden / History / Romanesque murals caption reference description: Romanesque murals in Bjäresjö Church, some of the oldest in Sweden (early 13th century). The exaggerated use of blue dates from an 1892 restoration, but overall the murals still retain much of their original appearance. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Fresken in der Kirche von Bjäresjö in Ystad, Südschweden English: Frescos in the church of Bjäresjö in Ystad, South Sweden content: Church murals or church wall paintings are mostly medieval paintings found in several Swedish churches. They usually adorn the vaults or walls of the buildings. In Swedish they are sometimes referred to as kalkmålningar, literally "lime paintings", since they were often painted using lime as the binding medium for the paint. The earliest church murals in Sweden date from the first decades of the 12th century and are Romanesque in style. The majority of these are found in the southern part of Sweden, where they were commissioned by members of the royalty and nobility of the time. They all have certain iconographic similarities, and for the most part, show stylistic influences from contemporary art in what is now Germany. While it is assumed that the artists who painted the murals were well-educated, and the first of them foreigners, virtually nothing is known about their identities. Around 1250, there was a stylistic shift towards Gothic that saw lighter and more airy compositions and the rising popularity of Marian and Christian mystic motifs.


title: Bridge trilogy section title: Setting hierarchical section title: Bridge trilogy / Setting caption reference description: The titular Bridge, pre-quake caption attribution description: English: Western Span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge at night. The illuminations on the cables, while part of the original design, are actually a relatively recent addition, made practical by the availability of high efficiency compact fluorescent lamps. The original roadway illumination was by low pressure sodium vapor lamps, which while efficient give off a garish monochromatic yellow light. On the lower deck these have been replaced with tubular fluorescent lights attached to the bottom of the upper deck, while on the upper deck the illumination is by high pressure vapor lamps, which give off a more full spectrum light. Eesti: Sild San Francisco ja Oakland vahel. 日本語: サンフランシスコ・オークランド・ベイブリッジ. Português: Ponte São Francisco-Oakland. Bahasa Melayu: Jambatan Teluk San Francisco-Oakland. Русский: Мост Бэй-Бридж, соединяюший Сан-Франциско и Окленд. Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча: San Fransisko va Oklendni birlashtiruvchi Bay Bridge (Bey Bridj) koʻprigi. 中文: 三藩市灣區大橋. content: The Bridge trilogy is a series of novels by William Gibson, his second after the successful Sprawl trilogy. The trilogy comprises the novels Virtual Light, Idoru, and All Tomorrow's Parties. A short story, "Skinner's Room", was originally composed for Visionary San Francisco, a 1990 museum exhibition exploring the future of San Francisco.


title: Bornstedt, Börde hierarchical section title: Bornstedt, Börde caption attribution description: Deutsch: Wappen von Bornstedt English: Coat of arms of Bornstedt caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Bornstedt content: Bornstedt is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 September 2010, it is part of the municipality Hohe Börde.


title: Grand Cross of the Iron Cross section title: 1870 Grand Cross hierarchical section title: Grand Cross of the Iron Cross / 1870 Grand Cross caption reference description: Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia (later to reign briefly as Kaiser Friedrich III) wearing the 1870 Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Emperor Friedrich III wearing a General`s Uniform with Decorations — Friedrich III (1831-1888) was the German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling in 1888, the Year of Three Emperors, from March 9 until his death on June 15. Deutsch: Friedrich III., Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen — Friedrich III. (1831–1888), bis 1888 als Friedrich Wilhelm Deutscher Kronprinz und Kronprinz von Preußen, im Dreikaiserjahr 1888 vom 9. März bis zu seinem eigenen Tod am 15. Juni kurze Zeit Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen. content: The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its allies. It was the second highest class of the Iron Cross, following the Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross which was given only twice. Along with the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd Class, the Grand Cross was founded on 10 March 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars. It was renewed in 1870 for the Franco-Prussian War and again in 1914 for World War I. In 1939, when Adolf Hitler renewed the Iron Cross as a German decoration, he also renewed the Grand Cross.
The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was twice the size of the Iron Cross and was worn from a ribbon around the neck. The later Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, instituted in 1939, was also worn from the neck; it was smaller than the Grand Cross but larger than the Iron Cross.


title: Gulaman section title: Description hierarchical section title: Gulaman / Description caption reference description: Various types of flavored gulaman sold in plastic cups caption attribution description: English: Philippine cuisine List of Philippine dishes Halo-halo Fish balls Nata de coco Sago Pinipig Longaniza Lumpia wrapper Banana cue Camote cue Turon (food) in Sitio Santissima, Poblacion Public market Barangay Poblacion 14°57'17"N 120°54'2"E, Baliuag, Bulacan, Bulacan province (Note: Judge Florentino Floro, the owner, to repeat, Donor Florentino Floro of all these photos hereby donate gratuitously, freely and unconditionally all these photos to and for Wikimedia Commons, exclusively, for public use of the public domain, and again without any condition whatsoever). content: Gulaman, in Filipino cuisine, is a bar of or powdered form of dried agar used to make jelly-like desserts. In common usage, it also usually refers to the refreshment sago't gulaman, sometimes referred to as samalamig, sold at roadside stalls and vendors.


title: Military art section title: Cavalry hierarchical section title: Military art / Gallery / Cavalry caption attribution description: Albrecht Dürer. Knight, Death and the Devil. 1513. Engraving. 24,6 × 18,9 cm. content: Military art is art with a military subject matter, regardless of its style or medium. The battle scene is one of the oldest types of art in developed civilizations, as rulers have always been keen to celebrate their victories and intimidate potential opponents. The depiction of other aspects of warfare, especially the suffering of casualties and civilians, has taken much longer to develop. As well as portraits of military figures, depictions of anonymous soldiers away from the battlefield have been very common; since the introduction of military uniforms such works often concentrate on showing the variety of these.
Naval scenes are very common, and battle scenes and "ship portraits" are mostly considered as a branch of marine art; the development of other large types of military equipment such as warplanes and tanks has led to new types of work portraying these, either in action or at rest. In 20th century wars official war artists were retained to depict the military in action; despite artists now being very close to the action the battle scene is mostly left to popular graphic media and the cinema.


title: Oklahoma City Oil Field hierarchical section title: Oklahoma City Oil Field caption reference description: Petunia Oil Well in front of the Oklahoma state capitol in Oklahoma City, OK on April 3, 2007 caption attribution description: Oklahoma State Capitol content: The Oklahoma City Oil Field is one of the world's giant petroleum fields and is located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in the United States of America. The field was opened just south of the city limits on December 4, 1928, and first entered Oklahoma City limits on May 27, 1930.
The field includes drill sites around the Oklahoma State Capitol and other nearby state government buildings.


title: List of equipment in Royal Thai Navy section title: Armaments hierarchical section title: List of equipment in Royal Thai Navy / Armaments caption reference description: Mistral missile caption attribution description: Français : Système de défense anti-aérienne Simbad English: Simbad anti-air defence missile system content: The equipments of the Royal Thai Navy were produced in broadly country around the world such as Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, United States, United Kingdom, etc.


title: Ústí nad Labem Region section title: Photo gallery hierarchical section title: Ústí nad Labem Region / Photo gallery caption attribution description: Čeština: Pohled na Bořeňské středohoří z litvínovského Koldomu content: Ústí nad Labem Region or Ústecký Region, is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western part of the historical land of Bohemia, and named after the capital, Ústí nad Labem. It covers the majority of the former North Bohemia province and is part of the broader area of North Bohemia.
The region borders the regions of Liberec, Central Bohemia, Plzeň, Karlovy Vary and the German region of Saxony to the north.
The Ústí region comprises a range of very different types of landscape. Between the high escarpment of the Ore Mountains range and the Bohemian Central Uplands with many volcanic hills, there are vast areas devastated by surface coal mining, partly being recultivated into an artificial landscape with ponds, plains and groves. The Elbe river runs through the Central Uplands in a winding gorge of the Porta Bohemica. The southern part of the region, Polabí, is flat and fertile, while in the northeast are the sandstone formations of Bohemian Switzerland, including the monumental Pravčická brána, a natural sandstone arch.
The geographical location of the area, between Prague and Germany, has been a significant factor in the region’s development.


title: Todd Richards (ice hockey) hierarchical section title: Todd Richards (ice hockey) caption reference description: Richards in 2013 coaching the Blue Jackets caption attribution description: English: Columbus Blue Jackets head coach Todd Richards on the bench during a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins, November 1, 2013, at Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, PA. In front of him are Derek MacKenzie (24) and Ryan Johansen (19) content: Todd Michael Richards is an American ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League. Todd is the brother of Travis Richards.


title: Victor Espinoza hierarchical section title: Victor Espinoza caption reference description: Victor Espinoza in 2016 caption attribution description: English: Victor Espinoza at Los Alamitos racetrack December 17, 2016> He is wearing the racing colors of Kaleem Shah's racing stable content: Victor Espinoza is a Mexican jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who won the Triple Crown in 2015 on American Pharoah. He began riding in his native Mexico and went on to compete at racetracks in California. He has won the Kentucky Derby three times, riding War Emblem in 2002, California Chrome in 2014, and American Pharoah in 2015. He also won the Preakness Stakes three times, in those same years and with the same horses. He was the first jockey in history to enter the Belmont Stakes with a third opportunity to win the Triple Crown; his 2015 victory made him the oldest jockey and first Hispanic jockey to win the award.


title: 2012 Pakistan factory fires section title: Karachi hierarchical section title: 2012 Pakistan factory fires / Background / Karachi caption reference description: Location of garment factory in Baldia Town, Karachi. caption attribution description: Map showing major roads, railway lines, ports and airports of the city of Karachi, Pakistan. caption alt text description: 2012 Pakistan factory fires is located in Karachi content: Garment factories in the Pakistani cities of Karachi and Lahore caught fire on 11 September 2012. The fires occurred in a textile factory in the western part of Karachi and in a shoe making factory in Lahore. The fires are considered to be the most deadly and worst industrial factory fires in Pakistan's history, killing 289 people and seriously injuring more than 600.


title: John Hester section title: Arizona Diamondbacks hierarchical section title: John Hester / Major League Career / Arizona Diamondbacks caption reference description: Hester during his tenure with the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2011 spring training. caption attribution description: John Hester content: John Graves Hester is a former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Arizona Diamondbacks and the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. On August 28, 2009 on his major league debut, he hit a two-run homer in his first Major League at-bat in a game against the Houston Astros.


title: Jet aircraft section title: History hierarchical section title: Jet aircraft / History caption reference description: Heinkel He 178, in August 1939 the world's first aircraft to fly purely on turbojet power caption attribution description: English: The Heinkel He 178, the first jet-powered aircraft. content: A jet aircraft is an aircraft propelled by jet engines.
Whereas the engines in propeller-powered aircraft generally achieve their maximum efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes, jet engines and aircraft achieve maximum efficiency at speeds close to or even well above the speed of sound. Jet aircraft generally cruise at faster than about Mach 0.8 at altitudes around 10,000–15,000 metres or more.
Frank Whittle, an English inventor and RAF officer, developed the concept of the jet engine in 1928, and Hans von Ohain in Germany developed the concept independently in the early 1930s. He wrote in February 1936 to Ernst Heinkel, who led the construction of the world's first turbojet aircraft and jet plane Heinkel He 178.


title: Ethnic cleansing section title: Etymology hierarchical section title: Ethnic cleansing / Etymology caption reference description: Massacres of Poles in Volhynia in 1943. Most Poles of Volhynia (now in Ukraine) had either been murdered or had fled the area. caption attribution description: English: Polish civilian victims of March 26, 1943 massacre committed by Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) assisted by ordinary Ukrainian peasantry (so called "chern", pol. czerń) in the village of Lipniki (Kostopol County), Poland Polski: Kolonia Lipniki (gm. Berezne, pow. Kostopol). Zwłoki zamordowanych Polaków podczas napadu UPA na kolonię 26 marca 1943 r. Fot. Sarnowski.Zdjęcia dzięki uprzejmości p. Henryka Słowińskiego. Fotografia z książki Ewy i Władysława Siemaszków pt. "Ludobójstwo" tom 2, str. 1294. Русский: Луцкое воеводство, уезд Костопол, 26 марта 1943. Свезённые на идентификацию и похороны трупы поляков - жертв резни, совершённой ОУН - УПА. За забором стоит Йержи Скулски, который спас свою жизнь благодаря имевшемуся огнестрельному оружию (видно на фото) content: Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial and/or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous. The forces which may be applied may be various forms of forced migration, intimidation, as well as genocide and genocidal rape.
Ethnic cleansing is usually accompanied by efforts to remove physical and cultural evidence of the targeted group in the territory through the destruction of homes, social centers, farms, and infrastructure, as well as through the desecration of monuments, cemeteries, and places of worship.
Although ethnic cleansing has occurred long through history, the term was initially used by the perpetrators during the Yugoslav Wars and cited in this context as a euphemism akin to that of Nazi Germany's "Final Solution", by the 1990s, and gained widespread acceptance due to journalism and the media's heightened use of the term in its generic meaning.


title: Becky Hammon section title: United States hierarchical section title: Becky Hammon / National team career / United States caption reference description: Hammon at the 2012 Summer Olympics caption attribution description: Naturalised Russian player Becky Hammon (born origially in the USA) of both the San Antonio Silver Stars and CSKA Mascow Region dribbles the ball forward in this Group B premilinary Olympic Womens Basketball match against Australia content: Rebecca Lynn Hammon is an American-Russian professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association. A three-time All-American basketball player for the Colorado State Rams, Hammon went on to play for the San Antonio Stars and New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association and for several other teams outside the United States. Hammon, who was born and raised in the United States, became a naturalized Russian citizen in 2008 and represented the Russian national team in the 2008 and 2012 Olympics.
On August 5, 2014, Hammon was hired by the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association as an assistant coach. She is the second female assistant coach in NBA history and the first female full-time assistant coach in NBA history. Hammon is also the first full-time female assistant coach in any of the four major professional sports in North America. On July 3, 2015, the Spurs announced that Hammon would be the team's Summer League head coach; she is the first woman to be a head coach in that league. Hammon led the Spurs to the Las Vegas Summer League title on July 20, 2015.


title: New York Public Library section title: History hierarchical section title: New York Public Library / History caption reference description: The New York Public Library main building, circa 1908 caption attribution description: English: The New York Public Library, glass negative from 1908 depicting horse carriages and trolleys. Late stage construction: trademark lions not yet installed. فارسی: گتابخانهٔ عمومی نیویورک content: The New York Public Library is a public library system in New York City. It is the second largest public library in the United States
The library has branches in the boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx and Staten Island. The branch libraries are open to the general public.


title: Karst Plateau section title: See also hierarchical section title: Karst Plateau / See also caption attribution description: Repentabor, church in Italy (border with Slovenia) photo:Ziga 18:25, 20 April 2007 (UTC) content: The Karst Plateau or the Karst region, also locally called Karst, is a karst plateau region extending across the border of southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy.
It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes. The region gave its name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.


title: Indo-European migrations section title: Balto-Slavic hierarchical section title: Indo-European migrations / Europe / Balto-Slavic caption reference description: Eastern Europe in 3rd–4th century CE with archaeological cultures identified as Baltic-speaking in purple. Their area extended from the Baltic Sea to modern Moscow. caption attribution description: Русский: Карта балтийских и славянских археологических культур III-IV вв., соседних племён и государств и ареал балтийских гидронимов. content: The Indo-European migrations were the migrations of Proto-Indo-European language speakers, as proposed by contemporary scholarship, and the subsequent migrations of people speaking further developed Indo-European languages, which explains why the Indo-European languages are spoken in a large area from India and Iran to Europe.
While there can be no direct evidence of prehistoric languages, both the existence of Proto-Indo-European and the dispersal of its daughter dialects through wide-ranging migrations are inferred through a synthesis of data from linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and genetics. Comparative linguistics describes the similarities between various languages and the linguistic laws at play in the changes in those languages. Archaeological data traces the spread of cultures presumed to be created by speakers of Proto-Indo-European in several stages: from the hypothesized locations of the Proto-Indo-European homeland, into their later locations Western Europe, Central, South and Eastern Asia by migrations and by language shift through élite-recruitment as described by anthropological research.


title: Environmental impact of paper hierarchical section title: Environmental impact of paper caption reference description: A pulp and paper mill in New Brunswick, Canada. Although pulp and paper manufacturing requires large amounts of energy, a portion of it comes from burning wood residue. caption attribution description: English: The J. D. Irving paper mill in Saint John. Français : L'usine de fr:pâte à papier de J. D. Irving à Saint-Jean au Nouveau-Brunswick. content: The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper became a relatively cheap commodity, which led to a high level of consumption and waste. The rise in global environmental issues such as air and water pollution, climate change, overflowing landfills and clearcutting have all lead to increased government regulations. There is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption and clean up its impacts on local water supplies and air pollution.
According to a Canadian citizen's organization, "People need paper products and we need sustainable, environmentally safe production."
Environmental product declarations or product scorecards are available to collect and evaluate the environmental and social performance of paper products, such as the Paper Calculator, Environmental Paper Assessment Tool, or Paper Profile.


title: Allen Island, Queensland hierarchical section title: Allen Island, Queensland caption reference description: Location map of the South Wellesley Islands caption attribution description: This map shows the location of the Wellesley Islands content: Allen Island is one of the South Wellesley Islands, in Queensland's Gulf of Carpentaria. It was named by Matthew Flinders after John Allen, a Derbyshire miner who was a member of the party of naturalists that accompanied the 1801–1803 voyage of HMS Investigator under Flinders. Flinders landed a party of botanists on the island on 20 November 1802 to search for plants.
It is notable for being directly east of Point Parker, the proposed northern terminus of a still-born land grant railway from Charleville. Point Parker, though a prominent feature, is not always labelled on maps.


title: The Last Temptation of Homer section title: Production hierarchical section title: The Last Temptation of Homer / Production caption reference description: Michelle Pfeiffer guest starred in the episode as the voice of Mindy Simmons. Mirkin praised her performance as being "great". caption attribution description: Michelle Pfeiffer content: "The Last Temptation of Homer" is the ninth episode of The Simpsons' fifth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 9, 1993. In the episode, a female employee named Mindy is hired at the nuclear power plant. Homer and Mindy find themselves attracted to each other after bonding over their shared interests of beer, donuts and television. Although Homer is tempted to sleep with Mindy, he remains faithful to his wife Marge. Meanwhile, Bart becomes an outcast after medical treatments make him look like a nerd.
The episode was written by Frank Mula and directed by Carlos Baeza. It features cultural references to films such as The Wizard of Oz, It's A Wonderful Life, and A Christmas Carol. It did not get the usual amount of laughs at the test screenings, which made the staff worry the show was not as funny as they expected.
Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics; guest star Michelle Pfeiffer was especially praised for her performance as Mindy, which was highlighted on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 16 best guest appearances on The Simpsons.


title: George Oatley section title: Work for Bristol University hierarchical section title: George Oatley / Work for Bristol University caption reference description: The Wills Memorial Building on Park Street, Bristol. The tower was cleaned in 2006-2007. caption attribution description: The Wills Memorial Building, a part of the University of Bristol, at the top of Park Street, Bristol, England. The building was started in 1915, interrupted by World War I, and finished in 1925. Height 215 feet (65 metres). The tower was cleaned in 2006-7. Photographed by Adrian Pingstone in March 2009 and placed in the public domain. content: Sir George Herbert Oatley FRIBA was an English architect noted for his work in Bristol, especially the gothic Wills Memorial Building. He was knighted for public service in 1925.


title: Soft Boiled hierarchical section title: Soft Boiled caption reference description: Still with Billie Dove and Tom Mix caption attribution description: English: Still from the American comedy film Soft Boiled (1923). Subjects: motion pictures, actors, actresses content: Soft Boiled is a 1923 American Western comedy film written and directed by John G. Blystone. The film stars Tom Mix, Billie Dove, Joseph W. Girard, Lee Shumway, Tom Wilson and Frank Beal. The film was released on August 26, 1923, by Fox Film Corporation.


title: Xiangshan Film and Television Town section title: Notable films and TV series hierarchical section title: Xiangshan Film and Television Town / Notable films and TV series caption reference description: Xiangshan Film and Television Town. caption attribution description: 中文: 象山影视城 content: Xiangshan Film and Television Town is a famous set of film studio in Xinqiao Town of Xiangshan County, Zhejiang, China. Covering an area of 784,000-square-metre, the film and television town was established in 2003 and opened to the public in 2005. It has been categorized as an AAAA-level tourist site by the China National Tourism Administration on November 7, 2012.


title: Carl Daniel Ekman section title: Early life hierarchical section title: Carl Daniel Ekman / Early life caption reference description: Kalmar Castle in the early 20th century. content: Carl Daniel Ekman was a Swedish chemical engineer who invented the form of the sulfite process of wood pulp manufacturing which was first established on a firm commercial basis, helping to replace rags as the main raw material of paper with wood pulp. The process was developed at Bergvik, Sweden from 1871–1874, In 1879, he emigrated to England, and opened the Ekman Pulp and Paper Company mill in Northfleet, Kent near the mouth of the Thames River in 1886. He was also a consulting engineer and helped establish mills in Lachendorf, Celle, Germany, Dieppe, France, Rumford, Rhode Island, St. Petersburg, Russia, Korfu and Italy. After contracting malaria in French Guiana and losing a lawsuit on pollution of a Northfleet limestone quarry, he died bankrupt in Gravesend, Kent.


title: Pennsylvania Route 441 section title: Dauphin County hierarchical section title: Pennsylvania Route 441 / Route description / Dauphin County caption reference description: PA 441 southbound in Lower Swatara Township caption attribution description: PA441sRoadSign content: Pennsylvania Route 441 is a 32-mile-long state route in central Pennsylvania that mostly parallels the Susquehanna River through Lancaster and Dauphin counties. The southern terminus is at PA 999 in the Manor Township hamlet of Washington Boro. The northern terminus is at Paxton Street in Harrisburg. The route heads north from Washington Boro to Columbia, where it intersects U.S. Route 30. PA 441 continues up the river to Marietta and turns west, heading northwest past Bainbridge before leaving Lancaster County for Dauphin County. Here, the route continues north and passes along the east side of the former Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station before passing through the boroughs of Royalton and Middletown. Past Middletown, PA 441 heads away from the Susquehanna River and continues northwest, intersecting the PA 283 freeway indirectly and then Interstate 283. The route passes through Oberlin before it comes to its northern terminus on the eastern edge of Harrisburg.
PA 441 was assigned in 1928 between Washington Boro and US 22 at Paxton Street in Harrisburg.


title: Phoenix Park Murders section title: Implications hierarchical section title: Phoenix Park Murders / Implications caption reference description: Punch magazine depicts the Fenian movement as Frankenstein's monster to Charles Parnell's Frankenstein, in the wake of the Phoenix Park Murders. caption attribution description: "The baneful and blood-stained Monster ...". The quotation is from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Charles Stuart Parnell is depicted, with 'his monster' which represents the Fenian movement. The cartoon is anti-Irish propaganda and is a reference to the Phoenix Park assassinations. content: The Phoenix Park Murders were the fatal stabbings of Lord Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke in Phoenix Park in Dublin on 6 May 1882. Cavendish was the newly appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, and Burke was the Permanent Undersecretary, the most senior Irish civil servant. The assassination was carried out by members of the rebel group Irish National Invincibles, a more radical breakaway from the Irish Republican Brotherhood.


title: Kitros hierarchical section title: Kitros caption reference description: The square of Kitros caption attribution description: The square ("platia") of Kitros. caption alt text description: The square of Kitros content: Kitros is a village of the Pydna-Kolindros municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Pydna, of which it was a municipal district and the seat. The 2011 census recorded 1,172 inhabitant in the village. Kitros is a part of the community of Pydna.


title: Bardez hierarchical section title: Bardez caption reference description: Location of Bardez in North Goa, Goa caption attribution description: Bardez_taluka_in_North_Goa_district.png caption alt text description: Location of Bardez in North Goa, Goa content: Bardez, also spelt as Bardes, is a region situated in the northern portion of the state of Goa, India. It is co-terminus with the eponymous taluka of the district of North Goa.


title: Karanac hierarchical section title: Karanac caption reference description: Church of St. Stefan Štiljanović, Karanac caption attribution description: Српски / srpski: Назив: Српска православна црква у Каранцу. Аутор: Бранко Д. Тодоровић content: Karanac is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Kneževi Vinogradi municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. Population is 1,065 people.