title: Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum hierarchical section title: Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum caption reference description: Model of the USS Delaware (1820) in the museum. caption attribution description: Français : Maquette de l' USS Delaware (1820) au Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA. content: The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum and the associated Lightship Museum are located on the downtown Portsmouth, Virginia, United States waterfront. The museum covers the 250+ year relationship with the shipyard - America's oldest and largest naval shipyard located on the Portsmouth Waterfront. The city and the shipyard have been intertwined since the founding of the Gosport Shipyard in 1767, which was later renamed Norfolk Navy Yard and finally Norfolk Naval Shipyard. This rich history is told through exhibits, hands-on programs and special events.
The Lightship Portsmouth is a museum ship that is part of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Museum. Built in 1915 and began service as part of the U.S. Lighthouse Service in 1916. In 1964, the lightship was retired to Portsmouth, Virginia. In 1989, the Lightship Portsmouth was designated a National Historic Landmark. Now a museum, the ship's quarters are fitted out realistically and filled with artifacts, uniforms, photographs, models, and more.


title: Stevens–Dorn Farmstead hierarchical section title: Stevens–Dorn Farmstead caption reference description: Stevens–Dorn Farmstead, August 2012 caption attribution description: English: Stevens-Dorn Farmstead This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 97000778 content: Stevens–Dorn Farmstead, also known as the Peter M. Dorn Homeplace, is a historic home and farmstead located near Saluda, Saluda County, South Carolina. The house was built in three phases between 1880 and 1900, and is a one-story, rectangular, frame dwelling. The house consists of 1 1/2 rooms, with three major front doors and one minor front door. Also on the property are a contributing woodshed/buggy house, smokehouse, corn crib, and barn, all built about 1880; and three brooder houses dated to about 1945.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.


title: 20th Century Limited section title: Legacy hierarchical section title: 20th Century Limited / Legacy caption reference description: A section of one of the famous red carpets, next to the observation car "Hickory Creek". The 20th Century Limited originally departed New York City from the right-hand side of this platform. caption attribution description: English: Part of 20th Century Limited carpet, next to that train's observation car "Hickory Creek", at Track 35, Grand Central Terminal, across the platform from the train's original departure site at Track 34. content: The 20th Century Limited was an express passenger train on the New York Central Railroad from 1902 to 1967. The train traveled between Grand Central Terminal in New York City and LaSalle Street Station in Chicago, Illinois, along the railroad's "Water Level Route".
NYC inaugurated the 20th Century Limited as competition to the Pennsylvania Railroad, aimed at upper-class and business travelers. It made few station stops along the way and used track pans to take water at speed. In 1938, streamlined train sets designed by Henry Dreyfuss were added to the route.
The 20th Century Limited was the flagship train of the New York Central and was advertised as "The Most Famous Train in the World". It was described in The New York Times as having been "[...] known to railroad buffs for 65 years as the world's greatest train", and its style was described as "spectacularly understated". The phrase "red carpet treatment" is derived from passengers' walking to the train on a specially designed crimson carpet.


title: VFA-204 section title: 1970s hierarchical section title: VFA-204 / History / 1970s caption reference description: VA-204 A-4s aboard USS Coral Sea caption attribution description: Two Douglas A-4L Skyhawks (BuNos 147843, 149583) of Naval Reserve attack squadron VA-204 River Rattlers, Reserve Carrier Air Wing 20 (RCVW-20), on a flight deck elevator of the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea (CVA-43) in the early 1970s. The A-4L 149583 was later sold to Malaysia. content: Strike Fighter Squadron 204, also known as the "River Rattlers", is a U.S. Navy Reserve strike fighter squadron flying the F/A-18C/D Hornet. The squadron is based out of Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base New Orleans and is part of the United States Navy Reserve's Tactical Support Wing. Their radio callsign is River and their tail code is AF.


title: Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Rosters section title: United States hierarchical section title: Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Rosters / Teams / United States caption reference description: American Herb Drury led the tournament in scoring, with 14 goals caption attribution description: English: Herb Drury with the 1920 USA Men's Olympic ice hockey team content: The 1920 Summer Olympics ice hockey rosters consisted of 60 players on 7 national ice hockey teams. Played at the Olympic Games for the first time, and later regarded by the International Ice Hockey Federation as the first World Championship. Teams were required to be strictly amateur, so players from the Canadian-based National Hockey League or other professional leagues were excluded. Canada sent the Winnipeg Falcons, who had won the 1920 Allan Cup, the amateur championship in Canada.
The tournament used the Bergvall System, in which three rounds were played. The first round was an elimination tournament that determined the gold medal winner. The second round consisted of the teams that were defeated by the gold medal winner; the winner of that round was awarded the silver medal. The final round was played between teams that had lost to the gold or silver medal winners; the winner of that round received the bronze medal. Thus teams played an unequal number of games


title: Gabriel von Salamanca-Ortenburg section title: Life hierarchical section title: Gabriel von Salamanca-Ortenburg / Life caption reference description: Porcia Castle, built by Count Gabriel von Salamanca-Ortenburg in 1533 caption attribution description: Deutsch: Schloss Porcia   This media shows the protected monument with the number 34880 in Austria. (Commons, de, Wikidata) content: Gabriel von Salamanca was a Spanish nobleman who served as general treasurer and archchancellor of the Habsburg archduke Ferdinand I of Austria from 1521 to 1526. He was elevated to a Count of Ortenburg in 1524.


title: Pride parade section title: Taiwan hierarchical section title: Pride parade / Notable pride events / Asia / Taiwan caption reference description: Taiwan Pride 2019, in Taipei caption attribution description: English: Tokyo Rainbow Pride at Taiwan Pride 2019 中文: 台灣同志遊行 2019 中的東京彩虹驕傲 日本語: 台湾プライド２０１９の東京レインボープライド content: Pride parades are outdoor events celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary and queer social and self acceptance, achievements, legal rights, and pride. The events also at times serve as demonstrations for legal rights such as same-sex marriage. Most pride events occur annually, and many take place around June to commemorate the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, a pivotal moment in modern LGBTQ social movements. The parades seek to create community and honor the history of the movement.
In 1970, pride and protest marches were held in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco around the first anniversary of Stonewall. The events became annual and grew internationally. In 2019, New York and the world celebrated the largest international Pride celebration in history: Stonewall 50 - WorldPride NYC 2019, produced by Heritage of Pride commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, with five million attending in Manhattan alone.


title: Bret Weinstein hierarchical section title: Bret Weinstein caption reference description: Weinstein holding a TEDx talk at the Evergreen State College in 2012 caption attribution description: English: Bret Weinstein holds a TEDx talk at The Evergreen State College. content: Bret Samuel Weinstein is an American biologist and evolutionary theorist who came to national attention during the 2017 Evergreen State College protests. He is considered a member of the informal group of personalities known as the Intellectual Dark Web.


title: Architecture of Houston section title: Skyscrapers hierarchical section title: Architecture of Houston / Skyscrapers caption reference description: The Downtown Houston skyline caption attribution description: English: Panoramic view of the Downtown Houston skyline. Español: Imagen panorámica del Panorama urbano de Downtown Houston. content: The architecture of Houston includes a wide variety of award-winning and historic examples located in various areas of the city of Houston, Texas. From early in its history to current times, the city inspired innovative and challenging building design and construction, as it quickly grew into an internationally recognized commercial and industrial hub of Texas and the United States.
Some of Houston's oldest and most distinctive architecture is found downtown, as the city grew around Allen's Landing and the Market Square historic district. During the middle and late century, Downtown Houston was a modest collection of mid-rise office structures, but has since grown into the third largest skyline in the United States. The Uptown District experienced rapid growth along with Houston during the 1970s and early 1980s. In the late 1990s Uptown Houston saw construction of many mid and high-rise residential buildings. The Uptown District is also home to other structures designed by architects such as I. M. Pei, César Pelli and Philip Johnson.


title: Roller coaster section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Roller coaster / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Expedition Everest at Disney's Animal Kingdom content: A roller coaster is a type of amusement ride that employs a form of elevated railroad track designed with tight turns, steep slopes, and sometimes inversions. People ride along the track in open cars, and the rides are often found in amusement parks and theme parks around the world. LaMarcus Adna Thompson obtained one of the first known patents for a roller coaster design in 1885, related to the Switchback Railway that opened a year earlier at Coney Island. The track in a coaster design does not necessarily have to be a complete circuit, as shuttle roller coasters demonstrate. Most roller coasters have multiple cars in which passengers sit and are restrained. Two or more cars hooked together are called a train. Some roller coasters, notably Wild Mouse roller coasters, run with single cars.


title: Listed buildings in Cardiff section title: Grade II* listed buildings hierarchical section title: Listed buildings in Cardiff / Grade II* listed buildings caption attribution description: English: West Lodge to Cardiff Castle, including attached Walls & Gateway Wikidata has entry Q17741270 with data related to this building. This is a photo of listed building number 21697. caption alt text description: West Lodge to Cardiff Castle, including attached Walls & Gateway content: There are around 1,000 listed buildings in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. A listed building is one considered to be of special architectural, historical or cultural significance, which is protected from being demolished, extended or altered, unless special permission is granted by the relevant planning authorities. The Welsh Government makes decisions on individual cases, taking advice from the heritage agency Cadw, the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales and local councils.
There is an interactive map showing the locations of these buildings available to view on the council website.


title: Artemus Gates hierarchical section title: Artemus Gates caption reference description: Artemus Gates. caption attribution description: English: Robert Abercrombie Lovett (1895-1986), David Hugh McCulloch (1890-1955), Albert Dillon Sturtevant (1894-1918), John Martin Vorys (1896-1968), Rear Admiral Earl Clinton Barker Gould (1895-1968), Frederick Trubee Davison (1896-1974), Artemus Lamb Gates (1895–1976), John Villiers Farwell III (1895-1992), and Allan Wallace Ames (1893-1966) in July 1916 at Port Washington, New York. content: Artemus Lamb Gates was an American businessman, naval aviator, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air in charge of naval aviation efforts in World War II. He also was briefly Undersecretary of the Navy. He was, at various times, President of New York Trust Company, and a director of Union Pacific, TIME, Boeing, Middle South Utilities, Inc., Safeway, Inc., Abercrombie & Fitch Co., and Servo Corp.


title: Nicu Ceaușescu hierarchical section title: Nicu Ceaușescu caption attribution description: Procesul de la Tribunalul Militar Bucuresti. Nicu Ceaușescu content: Nicu Ceaușescu was a Romanian physicist and communist politician who was the youngest child of Romanian leaders Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu. He was a close associate of his father's political regime and considered the President's heir presumptive.


title: Derek White (racing driver) hierarchical section title: Derek White (racing driver) caption reference description: White at Road America in 2013 caption attribution description: NASCAR driver w:Derek White (racing driver) at the 2013 Johnsonville Sausage 200 Nationwide race at Road America. This file was uploaded with Commonist. content: Derek White is a Canadian professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 13 Toyota Camry and No. 40 Dodge Challenger as an owner/driver for MBM Motorsports.
In March 2016, White was arrested and charged for smuggling tobacco from the United States into Canada. He was eventually suspended indefinitely by NASCAR.


title: HMS Resolution (1758) hierarchical section title: HMS Resolution (1758) caption reference description: Satellite image of the shoals of Quiberon Bay caption attribution description: English: Baie de Quiberon content: HMS Resolution was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 14 December 1758 at Northam.
On 20 November the following year, Resolution took part in the decisive Battle of Quiberon Bay captained by Henry Speke. Just before 4pm she took the surrender of the French ship Formidable. However, after a stormy night she was found the following morning to have run aground on the Four Shoal and dismasted.


title: Tajik–Afghan bridge at Panji Poyon hierarchical section title: Tajik–Afghan bridge at Panji Poyon caption attribution description: English: This is the Afghanistan, Tajikistan Bridge from the Tajik side two weeks after the dedication ceremony. The site will soon have all the work platforms and temporary bridge removed so the river can re-claim the full width of the river bed. content: The Tajikistan-Afghanistan bridge spanning the Panj River between Panji Poyon, Tajikistan and Sherkhan Bandar, Afghanistan was opened on 26 August 2007.
The two lane bridge is 672 metres long and 11.6 metres wide. It cost approximately $40 million, financed by the US Army Corps of Engineers and was designed and constructed by an Italian company, Rizzani de Eccher S.p.A.
The Tajik President Emomali Rahmon and Afghan President Hamid Karzai were joined by US Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez at the opening ceremony.


title: List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec section title: National Historic Sites hierarchical section title: List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec / National Historic Sites caption attribution description: Français : Théâtre Granada de Sherbrooke caption alt text description: Front facade and marquee of the Granada Theatre content: This is a list of National Historic Sites in the province of Quebec. As of July 2019, there were 198 National Historic Sites designated in Quebec, 30 of which are administered by Parks Canada. Sites in the province's two largest cities are listed separately at List of National Historic Sites in Montreal and List of National Historic Sites in Quebec City.
Numerous National Historic Events also occurred in Quebec, and are identified at places associated with them, using the same style of federal plaque which marks National Historic Sites. Several National Historic Persons are commemorated throughout the province in the same way. The markers do not indicate which designation—a Site, Event, or Person—a subject has been given.
This list uses names designated by the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board, which may differ from other names for these sites.


title: Castle Mill section title: External links hierarchical section title: Castle Mill / External links caption reference description: Panoramic view looking south from Port Meadow of new Oxford University Castle Mill graduate housing. caption attribution description: English: Panoramic view looking south from Port Meadow of Castle Mill, new University of Oxford graduate housing in Oxford, England. content: Castle Mill is a graduate housing complex of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England.


title: Prandocin, Lesser Poland Voivodeship hierarchical section title: Prandocin, Lesser Poland Voivodeship caption reference description: Saint John the Baptist Church caption attribution description: Polski: Kościół św. Jana Chrzciciela w Prandocinie, woj. małopolskie caption alt text description: Saint John the Baptist Church content: Prandocin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słomniki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres north of Słomniki and 26 km north-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The village has a population of 767.


title: Siege of Tönning hierarchical section title: Siege of Tönning caption attribution description: Deutsch: Karte von Tönning, Druck, handkoloriert content: During the Great Northern War, the fortress of Tönning in the territory of Holstein-Gottorp, an ally of the Swedish Empire, was besieged twice. Denmark-Norway was forced to lift the first siege in 1700, but a combined force of the anti-Swedish coalition successfully besieged and took Tönning in 1713–1714.


title: Joseph Wheeler section title: Later life hierarchical section title: Joseph Wheeler / Later life caption reference description: Wheeler in later life caption attribution description: Joseph Wheeler content: Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler was an American military commander and politician. He is known for having served both as a cavalry general in the Confederate States Army in the 1860s during the American Civil War, and then as a general in the United States Army during both the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War near the turn of the twentieth century. For much of the Civil War he served as the senior cavalry general in the Army of Tennessee and fought in most of its battles in the Western Theater.
Between the Civil War and the Spanish–American War, Wheeler served multiple terms as a United States Representative from the state of Alabama as a Democrat.


title: Memorial Stadium (Baltimore) hierarchical section title: Memorial Stadium (Baltimore) caption attribution description: English: Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Photo taken 2000-09-23, the first day that stadium seats and other souvenirs were put to public sale. The stadium had been vacated for a few years. Deutsch: Das Memorial Stadium in Baltimore im Jahr 2000, nachdem das Stadion einige Jahre nicht genutzt wurde. content: Memorial Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, that formerly stood on 33rd Street on an oversized block also bounded by Ellerslie Avenue, 36th Street, and Ednor Road. Two different stadiums were located here, a 1922 version known as Baltimore Stadium or Municipal Stadium, or sometimes Venable Stadium, and, for a time, Babe Ruth Stadium in reference to the then-recently deceased Baltimore native. The rebuilt multi-sport stadium, when reconstruction was completed in the summer of 1954, would become known as Memorial Stadium. The stadium was also known as The Old Gray Lady of 33rd Street, and also as The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum.


title: Matraville, New South Wales section title: Commercial areas hierarchical section title: Matraville, New South Wales / Commercial areas caption reference description: Matraville RSL Club caption attribution description: English: RSL Club content: Matraville is located in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is approximately 9 km by road south-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Randwick.


title: Buddhist caves in India hierarchical section title: Buddhist caves in India caption reference description: Ajanta Caves caption attribution description: English: A view of Ajanta caves after monsoons content: The Buddhist caves in India form an important part of Indian rock-cut architecture, and are among the most prolific examples of rock-cut architecture around the world. There are more than 1,500 known rock cut structures in India, out of which about 1000 were made by Buddhists, 300 by Hindus, and 200 by Jains. Many of these structures contain works of art of global importance, and many later caves from the Mahayana period are adorned with exquisite stone carvings. These ancient and medieval structures represent significant achievements of structural engineering and craftsmanship.
In India, caves have long been regarded as places of sanctity. Caves that were enlarged or entirely man-made were felt to hold the same sanctity as natural caves. In fact, the sanctuary in all Indian religious structures, even free-standing ones, retains the same cave-like feeling of sacredness, being small and dark without natural light.
The oldest rock-cut architecture in India is found in the Barabar caves, Bihar built around the 3rd century BCE.


title: James Rolph section title: Life and career hierarchical section title: James Rolph / Life and career caption reference description: Annie M. Rolph at dock caption attribution description: English: Annie M. Rolphe (ship) content: James "Sunny Jim" Rolph Jr. was an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. He was elected to a single term as the 27th governor of California from January 6, 1931 until his death on June 2, 1934 at the height of the Great Depression. Previously, Rolph had been the 30th mayor of San Francisco from January 8, 1912 until his resignation to become governor. Rolph remains the longest-serving mayor in San Francisco history.


title: CIT Group section title: Consumer Banking hierarchical section title: CIT Group / Current operations / Consumer Banking caption reference description: Logo of CIT Bank content: CIT Group Inc. is a financial holding company and bank holding company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in New York City. CIT Bank, N.A., CIT's banking subsidiary, is headquartered in Pasadena, California. The company's name is an initialism of an early corporate name, Commercial Investment Trust.
CIT provides financing, leasing, and advisory services principally to middle-market companies and small businesses in a wide variety of industries, primarily in North America. CIT also provides banking and related services to commercial and individual customers through its banking subsidiary, CIT Bank, N.A., which includes over 60 branches located in Southern California and an online bank.
As of 2018, the company is ranked 658th on the Fortune 1000 list of the largest American companies and is in the top 50 on the list of largest banks in the United States.
CIT filed for bankruptcy protection on November 1, 2009, and with the consent of its bondholders, emerged from bankruptcy 38 days later, on December 10, 2009. In August 2015, CIT Group acquired OneWest Bank, a regional bank based in Southern California.


title: Cerro de Pasco hierarchical section title: Cerro de Pasco caption attribution description: Bandera de Cerro de Pasco caption alt text description: Flag of Cerro de Pasco content: Cerro de Pasco is a city in central Peru, located at the top of the Andean mountains. It is the capital of the Pasco region, and an important mining center. At 4,330 metres elevation, it is one of the highest cities in the world, and the highest or the second highest city with over 50,000 inhabitants, with elevation reaching up to 4,380 m in the Yanacancha area. It is connected by road and by rail to the capital Lima, as far as 300 km.


title: Downing Park (Newburgh, New York) section title: Today hierarchical section title: Downing Park (Newburgh, New York) / Today caption reference description: Downing Park, Newburgh, NY caption attribution description: Downing Park, Newburgh, New York, USA. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, and named in honor of Newburgh's native son Andrew Jackson Downing. content: Downing Park is the largest of several public parks in the city of Newburgh, New York, United States. The park was designed in the late 19th century by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, who gave the design to the city on the condition it would be named after their mentor, Andrew Jackson Downing, a Newburgh native who had died in a steamboat accident on the Hudson River in 1852.


title: History of Tucson, Arizona section title: Mexican period hierarchical section title: History of Tucson, Arizona / Mexican period caption reference description: Map of New Mexico Territory, showing Traditional Arizona and the 34th parallel caption attribution description: English: Traditional Arizona map content: The history of Tucson, Arizona, begins thousands of years ago. Paleo-Indians practiced plant husbandry and hunted game in the Santa Cruz River Valley from 10,000 B.C. or earlier. Archaic peoples began making irrigation canals, some of the first in North America, around 1,200 B.C. The Hohokam people lived in the Tucson area from around 450-1450 A.D, in a complex agricultural society.
Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. Through the 1700s, Spanish missionaries tried to get the Native Americans to convert to Catholicism and a Spanish lifestyle. The Spanish built a fort at Tubac in 1751. It was moved to Tucson in 1775 where Hugo O'Conor, an Irishman working for the Spanish crown, officially founded Presidio San Augustin del Tucson.
The Spanish stayed in the area, fighting down repeated attacks on the fort by Apache warriors. In 1821, Tucson becomes part of the new state of Sonora in Mexico, who had won independence from Spain. In 1854, Tucson, along with much of the surrounding area, was purchased from Mexico by the United States in the Gadsden Purchase and was made part of the New Mexico Territory.


title: Callander section title: Annual events hierarchical section title: Callander / Annual events caption reference description: Post Office caption attribution description: English: Callander post office content: Callander is a small town in the council area of Stirling, Scotland, situated on the River Teith. The town is located in the historic county of Perthshire and is a popular tourist stop to and from the Highlands.
The town serves as the eastern gateway to the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, the first National Park in Scotland, and is often referred to as the "Gateway to the Highlands".
Dominating the town to the north are the Callander Crags, a visible part of the Highland Boundary Fault, rising to 343 metres at the cairn.Ben Ledi lies north-west of Callander. Popular local walks include Bracklinn Falls, The Meadows, Callander Crags and the Wood Walks. The Rob Roy Way passes through Callander. The town sits on the Trossachs Bird of Prey Trail. The River Teith is formed from the confluence of two smaller rivers, the Garbh Uisge and Eas Gobhain about ¹⁄₃ mile west of the bridge at Callander.
A 19th century Gothic church stands in the town square, named after Saint Kessog, an Irish missionary who is said to have preached in the area in the sixth-century.


title: ICN Business School hierarchical section title: ICN Business School caption reference description: ICN Business School in Nancy. caption attribution description: Français : Campus ICN Business School - Artem content: ICN Business School is an European higher studies establishment. The school is in 4 places, in La Défense, Nancy, Berlin and Nuremberg. It has been established in 1905.
ICN is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.


title: Joy of Cooking section title: Fifth edition (1964) hierarchical section title: Joy of Cooking / Editions / Fifth edition (1964) caption reference description: Well-worn copies of the book from the library of Julia Child on display at the National Museum of American History. caption attribution description: English: Bookshelf belonging to Julia Child on display at the National Museum of American History content: Joy of Cooking, often known as "The Joy of Cooking", is one of the United States' most-published cookbooks. It has been in print continuously since 1936 and has sold more than 18 million copies. It was published privately during 1931 by Irma S. Rombauer, a homemaker in St. Louis, Missouri, after her husband's suicide the previous year. Rombauer had 3,000 copies printed by A.C. Clayton, a company which had printed labels for fancy St. Louis shoe companies and for Listerine mouthwash, but never a book. Beginning in 1936, the book was published by a commercial printing house, the Bobbs-Merrill Company. With nine editions, Joy of Cooking is considered the most popular American cookbook.


title: Easy Cheese hierarchical section title: Easy Cheese caption reference description: Easy Cheese on a pretzel caption attribution description: Caroline has been spraying Easy Cheese on pretzel sticks. The most disgusting thing I have ever seen. For Macro Mondays: Picnics. People eat weird things on picnics! www.musicdealers.com/blog-entry/2014/8/22/five-music-tool... content: Easy Cheese is the trademark for a processed cheese spread product distributed by Mondelēz International. It is also referred to as aerosol cheese, spray cheese or simply cheese in a can, and is similar to squeeze cheese. Easy Cheese is packaged in a metal can filled with air covered with a plastic cap that reveals a straight, flexible nozzle where the cheese is extruded.
The product was first manufactured and marketed by Nabisco in 1965 under the name Snack Mate until 1984. Advertisements often displayed the orange product adorned in flowy peaks atop several different types of Hors d'oeuvres. As a 1966 advertisement says, it was “instant cheese for instant parties." Easy Cheese is currently available in Cheddar, Sharp Cheddar, Cheddar 'n Bacon, and American flavors. Discontinued varieties include Pimento, French Onion, Cheddar Blue Cheese, Shrimp Cocktail, and Pizza.


title: Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts hierarchical section title: Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts caption attribution description: English: w:Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts content: Cardinal Carter Academy for the Arts is a Catholic arts high school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Admission to the school is granted through an audition process. Serving students from grade 7 to 12, it is one of three schools in the Toronto Catholic District School Board that is an elementary and secondary hybrid. The school has been consistently ranked as one of the top educational institutions in Ontario.


title: COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria section title: Timeline hierarchical section title: COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria / Timeline caption reference description: COVID-19 cases in The Greater Lagos Metropolitan Area excluding areas falling within Ogun state territory, 7 May caption attribution description: English: Graphical representation of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Lagos metropolitan area within Lagos state. content: The COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The first confirmed case in Nigeria was announced on 27 February 2020, when an Italian citizen in Lagos tested positive for the virus. On 9 March 2020, a second case of the virus was reported in Ewekoro, Ogun State, a Nigerian citizen who had contact with the Italian citizen.


title: Bonsai aesthetics hierarchical section title: Bonsai aesthetics caption reference description: A Blue Atlas Cedar (Cedrus libani var. atlantica) bonsai on display at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the United States National Arboretum. caption attribution description: A Blue Atlas Cedar (Cedrus atlantica var. "glauca") bonsai on display at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the United States National Arboretum. According to the tree's display placard, it has been in training since 1950. It was donated by John Y. Naka. This is the "back" of the tree. content: Bonsai aesthetics are the aesthetic goals and characteristics of the Japanese tradition in the art of growing a miniature tree in a container. Many Japanese cultural characteristics, particularly the influence of Zen Buddhism and the expression of wabi or sabi, inform the bonsai tradition in that culture. As well, a lengthy catalog of conventional tree shapes and styles helps provide cohesion to the Japanese styling tradition. A number of other cultures around the globe have adopted the Japanese approach to bonsai, and while some variations have begun to appear, most hew closely to the rules and design philosophies of the Japanese tradition.
The aesthetics of penjing, a Chinese form of container-grown tree, are distinct from those of bonsai and are discussed elsewhere. The aesthetics of saikei, Japanese multi-tree landscapes in a container, are also distinct and are not described in this article.
Over centuries of practice, the Japanese bonsai aesthetic has encoded some important methods and aesthetic guidelines.


title: Ahmed Aboutaleb section title: Politics hierarchical section title: Ahmed Aboutaleb / Politics caption reference description: Mayor of Amsterdam Job Cohen and Ahmed Aboutaleb in Amsterdam on 3 February 2010. caption attribution description: English: The citizen masters (maire) of Amsterdam (Job Cohen left) and Rotterdam (Ahmed Aboutaleb right). Español: El alcalde de Amsterdam Job Cohen (a izquierda) junto al alcalde de Rotterdam Ahmed Aboutaleb (a derecha). Zie AT5 content: Ahmed Aboutaleb is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party and journalist. He has been the Mayor of Rotterdam since 5 January 2009.


title: Guavatá hierarchical section title: Guavatá caption reference description: View of Guavatá caption attribution description: CONCHITA caption alt text description: View of Guavatá content: Guavata is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia.


title: Lewis and Clark Hotel section title: History hierarchical section title: Lewis and Clark Hotel / History caption reference description: Lewis and Clark Hotel  (2009) caption attribution description: English: NRHP-listed Lewis and Clark Hotel in Mandan, North Dakota. content: The Lewis and Clark Hotel in Mandan, North Dakota was built in 1918.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.


title: Plan Zuid section title: Final project hierarchical section title: Plan Zuid / Final project caption reference description: Plan Zuid, urban plan 1915 by H.P.Berlage, state of infills 1922, "De Dageraad" is on the right side caption attribution description: English: Plan of Amsterdam-Zuid showing all executed buildings in Plan Zuid in 1922. Nederlands: Plattegrond van Amsterdam-Zuid met daarin alle uitgevoerde gebouwen in 1922. content: The Plan Zuid is an urban development plan of Amsterdam South in the city of Amsterdam, Netherlands, designed by architect Hendrik Petrus Berlage. Berlage was responsible for the urban concept and the architects of the Amsterdam School designed the implementation of the plan.
Some years later Berlage was one of the leading architects of a new urban plan in Amsterdam, called Plan West. Here Berlage designed the center of Plan West, the architecture of the Mercatorplein, see below.


title: Erie Railroad section title: Erie Railroad: 1895–1960 hierarchical section title: Erie Railroad / History / Erie Railroad: 1895–1960 caption reference description: Erie Western Electric Railway, Toledo, Ohio caption attribution description: A postcard from the Ken Levin Toledo Postcard Collection, donated by Toledo resident, Ken Levin. The collection contains picture postcards about the Toledo area. Mr. Levin's collection was published by the Toledo Blade in a book entitled "You Will Do Better in Toledo: From Frogtown to Glass City", edited by Sandy and John R. Husman. caption alt text description: Erie Western Electric Railway car in Toledo, Ohio with one man standing in entrance to car while another stands on the ground next to the car. content: The Erie Railroad was a railroad that operated in the northeastern United States, originally connecting New York City — more specifically Jersey City, New Jersey, where Erie's former terminal, long demolished, used to stand — with Lake Erie. It expanded west to Chicago with its 1941 merger with the former Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, also known as the New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad. Its mainline route proved influential in the development and economic growth of the Southern Tier of New York State, including cities such as Binghamton, Elmira, and Hornell. The Erie Railroad repair shops were located in Hornell, and were Hornell's largest employer. Hornell was also where Erie's main line split into two routes, one north to Buffalo and the other west to Cleveland.
On October 17, 1960, the Erie merged with former rival Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. The Hornell repair shops were closed, and repair operations moved to the Lackawanna's Scranton facility; this had a devastating effect on Hornell from which it has never recovered.


title: First Presbyterian Church (Chicago) section title: Indiana Avenue and 21st Street hierarchical section title: First Presbyterian Church (Chicago) / Indiana Avenue and 21st Street caption reference description: Indiana Avenue and 21st Street (1913) caption attribution description: English: First Presbyterian Church of Chicago (1913) content: The First Presbyterian Church (Chicago) was the first Presbyterian Church in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States.


title: Homerun Range hierarchical section title: Homerun Range caption reference description: Homerun Range in Antarctica caption attribution description: Deutsch: Physische Positionskarte Antarktis, Mittabstandstreue Azimutalprojektion English: Physical Location map Antarctica, Azimuthal equidistant projection Longitude of central meridian: 0° Latitude of projection origin: -90° Tangent latitude at the map boundaries: -60°; geographic limits of the map: -135°,-47.57359° to 45°,-47.57359° caption alt text description: Homerun Range is located in Antarctica content: The Homerun Range is a northwest-trending mountain range, 45 km long and 3 to 11 km wide, located east of Everett Range at the heads of the Ebbe and Tucker glaciers in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
The name derives from "Homerun Bluff," a field name of the southern party of NZFMCAE, 1962–63, used to denote a turning point in their traverse at this range to the airlift point and the return to Scott Base. The entire range was mapped by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-63.
Mountains of this range include Mount LeResche and Mount Shelton.


title: List of airlines of Canada hierarchical section title: List of airlines of Canada caption attribution description: English: Transwest Air Saab 340 caption alt text description: Transwest Air Saab 340 content: This is a list of airlines of Canada which have an Air Operator Certificate issued by Transport Canada, the civil aviation authority of Canada. Please see lists of airlines by provinces or territories for sorted lists.
Note: Airlines in italics have scheduled passenger service.


title: Remembrance (1922 film) hierarchical section title: Remembrance (1922 film) caption reference description: poster caption attribution description: English: Poster for the American drama film Remembrance (1922). content: Remembrance is a lost 1922 American silent drama film written and directed by Rupert Hughes and starring Claude Gillingwater. It was produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures.


title: List of tallest buildings in Florida section title: Tallest buildings hierarchical section title: List of tallest buildings in Florida / Tallest buildings caption attribution description: English: en:Jade Beach and Jade Ocean in en:Sunny Isles Beach, Florida content: This list of tallest buildings in Florida ranks the tallest buildings in the U.S. state of Florida by height. The tallest building in the state is the 85-story Panorama Tower, which rises 868 feet in the City of Miami's Brickell neighborhood and was completed in 2017.
Florida has 37 buildings that are 550 feet or higher. The majority are located in the City of Miami, and over 94% are in the Greater Miami area while the rest are in the Tampa and Jacksonville areas. Of the 37 tallest buildings in Florida, 24 are in the City of Miami, 8 in Sunny Isles Beach, 2 are in Miami Beach, 2 are in Tampa, and 1 is in Jacksonville. The Greater Miami area accounts for 34 of the 37 tallest buildings over 550 feet in Florida.
The majority of the skyscrapers in Miami are within the Greater Downtown Miami area, specifically the neighborhoods of the Central Business District, Arts & Entertainment District, Brickell, and Edgewater. Thomas Kramer is well known for the negotiations with local Miami-Dade County governments that allowed the building of the tallest towers in Miami.


title: Aviation electrician's mate hierarchical section title: Aviation electrician's mate caption reference description: An Aviation Electrician's Mate replacing a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) on an F/A-18 Hornet generator caption attribution description: English: Arabian Gulf (Jan. 4, 2003) -- While conducting maintenance, Aviation Electrician's Mate Airman John O'Brien from Linden, N.J., places a fuse on a generator used in an F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter aboard USS Enterprise (CVN 65). The Enterprise Carrier Strike Group (CSG) is currently deployed conducting missions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and the continued war on terrorism. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate Airman Jhi L. Scott. (RELEASED) content: Aviation Electrician's Mate is a United States Navy occupational rating.
Aviation Electrician's Mates maintain electrical and instrument systems, including power generation, conversion, and distribution systems; aircraft batteries; interior and exterior lighting; electrical control of aircraft systems, including hydraulic, landing gear, flight control, utility, and power plant engine, flight and non-instrument-type indicating and warning systems; automatic flight control and stabilization systems; aircraft compass systems; attitude reference systems; and inertial navigation systems. The primary "A" School training for AE's is located at Naval Aviation Technical Training Center aboard NAS Pensacola. There was another "A" School for AE's in NAS Jacksonville from which the last class graduated in May 2008. Secondary "C" Schools are located at various locations nationwide with the most common being NAS Lemoore, CA and NAS Oceana, VA.


title: Inequality for All section title: Content hierarchical section title: Inequality for All / Content caption attribution description: Nick Hanauer on the Laura Flanders Show, 2016. content: Inequality for All is a 2013 documentary film directed by Jacob Kornbluth and narrated by American economist, author and professor Robert Reich. Based on his 2010 book Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, the film examines widening income inequality in the United States. Reich publicly argued about the issue for decades, and producing a film of his viewpoints was a "final frontier" for him. In addition to being a social issue documentary, Inequality for All is also partially a biopic regarding Reich's early life and his time as Secretary of Labor under Bill Clinton's presidency. Warren Buffett and Nick Hanauer, two entrepreneurs and investors in the top 1%, are interviewed in the film supporting Reich's belief of an economy that benefits all citizens, include those of the middle and lower classes.
As shown via a series of suspension bridge graphs, the income gap between middle-to-low-class Americans and the top 1% in the United States was at the same extreme highs in 1928 and 2007, two years that preceded economic crashes.


title: Fidelia Jewett hierarchical section title: Fidelia Jewett caption reference description: Fidelia Jewett caption attribution description: English: From the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute Collection. Photograph of Miss Fidelia Jewett who gave the first substantial building. content: Fidelia Jewett was a mathematics and botany teacher in San Francisco, longtime companion of Lillien Jane Martin. Jewett was also one of the first benefactors of William Henry Holtzclaw, founder of Utica Institute, the first African-American college in Mississippi. Jewett Hall at Grambling State University in Louisiana is named after her.


title: Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec section title: History hierarchical section title: Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec / History caption reference description: Sainte-Anne Street caption attribution description: Français : Rue Sainte-Anne, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue content: Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue is an on-island suburb located at the western tip of the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is the second oldest community in Montreal's West Island, having been founded as a parish in 1703. The oldest, Dorval, was founded in 1667.
Points of interest include the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal, the Sainte-Anne Veterans' Hospital, the Morgan Arboretum, and the L'Anse-à-l'Orme Nature Park. Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue is also home to John Abbott College and McGill University's Macdonald Campus, which includes the J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory and the Canadian Aviation Heritage Centre as well as about 2 square kilometres of farmland which separates the small town from neighbouring Baie-d'Urfé.


title: History of the Balkans section title: Eastern Roman Empire hierarchical section title: History of the Balkans / Early Middle Ages / Eastern Roman Empire caption reference description: The Jireček Line separating zones of Greek and Latin influence prior to the Slavic invasions. caption attribution description: The Jirecek Line, which divides the kind of archaeological findings: to the north of the line most of the inscriptions are in Latin, to the south, they are in Greek. Aegyssos, Argamum, Histria, Tomis & Kallatis cities had greek and latin inscriptions until the VIIth cen. after JC. Jireček claimed that this line represents The division between the Greek and the Latin influence in the Balkans during the Roman Empire content: The Balkans and parts of this area are alternatively situated in Southeast, Southern, Eastern Europe and Central Europe. The distinct identity and fragmentation of the Balkans owes much to its common and often turbulent history regarding centuries of Ottoman conquest and to its very mountainous geography.


title: Ahtahkakoop section title: Early life hierarchical section title: Ahtahkakoop / Early life caption reference description: Canadian buffaloes grazing. caption attribution description: English: Original caption: “The last of the Canadian buffaloes. Photo No. 580.” content: Ahtahkakoop was a Chief of the House Cree division of the Plains Cree, who led his people through the transition from hunter and warrior to farmer, and from traditional indigenous spiritualism to Christianity during the last third of the 19th century.
He rose to be a respected and tactical leader of the Cree Nation in the latter part of the 19th century. At the onset of his leadership, the plains buffalo herds were abundant in the northern plains and parklands, providing greatly to the social, environmental, and economical balance vital to the survival of the Cree. By the 1860s, the buffalo were rapidly disappearing and with the arrival of the European settlers this balance became altered. Chief Ahtahkakoop understood that the ways of living that his band was used to needed to change in order for it and its future generations to survive. Together with his friend and fellow Chief, Mistāwasis, he signed the 1876 Treaty 6 as the second signatory chief at Fort Carlton, Saskatchewan. By signing this treaty he agreed to relocate his band to a 67 square miles reserve at Sandy Lake, 45 miles northwest of present-day Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.


title: Taylor Swift videography section title: Music videos hierarchical section title: Taylor Swift videography / Music videos caption reference description: Lucas Till portrays the male lead in "You Belong With Me" caption attribution description: English: Lucas Till at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International caption alt text description: Lucas Till content: American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has released four video albums and has appeared in fifty-five music videos, five films and three television shows. From her eponymous debut studio album, she released music videos for the singles "Tim McGraw", "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", and "Picture to Burn", all directed by Trey Fanjoy and released from 2006–08. For the second of these, she earned an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist nomination. She followed with three other music videos in 2008—"Beautiful Eyes" from her extended play of the same name, "Change" from the AT&T Team USA Soundtrack and "Love Story" from her second studio album Fearless. The latter was nominated for two awards at the 2009 CMT Music Awards—Video of the Year and Female Video of the Year. For the video of "You Belong with Me" she won Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. During her acceptance speech, she was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, which sparked controversy and received much media attention.
Swift's third studio album Speak Now spawned the single "Mine", whose music video was directed by herself and Roman White, who previously directed two of her videos.


title: Ziegler Island hierarchical section title: Ziegler Island caption reference description: Location of the Zemlya Zichy subgroup of the Franz Josef Archipelago. Ziegler Island lies roughly in its center. caption attribution description: English: color map Nordensjelda Islands content: Ziegler Island is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia.
This island is 45 kilometres long, stretching from the NW to the SE. Its area is 448 square kilometres and it is almost completely unglacierized. The highest point on Ziegler Island is 554 metres. Ziegler Island is part of the Zichy Land subgroup of the Franz Josef Archipelago.


title: Safa Khulusi section title: Islamic and Arab contributions in the history of science hierarchical section title: Safa Khulusi / Islamic and Arab contributions in the history of science caption reference description: Jabir ibn Hayyan's practical experiments in alchemy were translated from Arabic into Latin and were highly respected in Europe. Illustration: Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), from a 15th-century European publication, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Der Alchemist Dschābir ibn Ḥayyān, Portrait von Geber, 15. Jhdt., Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 English: The alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan, from a 15th century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 Español: El alquimista Jabir Ibn Hayyan, from a 15th c. European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 content: Safa Abdul-Aziz Khulusi was an Iraqi historian, novelist, poet, journalist and broadcaster. He is known for mediating between Arabic- and English-language cultures, and for his scholarship of modern Iraqi literature. He is also remembered for his theories on Arabic grammar, on Shakespeare, as well as his role in Islamic education and his work on the poetry of al-Mutanabbi.


title: Ludwik Gintel hierarchical section title: Ludwik Gintel caption attribution description: English: Polish associate footballer Ludwik Gintel. Polski: Polski piłkarz Ludwik Gintel. content: Ludwik Gintel was a Polish Olympic footballer.


title: 1925 section title: August hierarchical section title: 1925 / Births / August caption reference description: Jorge Rafael Videla caption attribution description: English: Lieutenant General Jorge Rafael Videla. Member of the Military Board and former President of Argentina (1976-1981). content: 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1925th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 925th year of the 2nd millennium, the 25th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1920s decade.


title: Church of Kish section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Church of Kish / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Rear view of the church in the village of Kish in Azerbaijan content: The Church of Kish also known by different sources as Church of Saint Elishe or Holy Mother of God Church, is an inactive 12th or 13th century Georgian Orthodox church located in the village of Kiş approximately 5 km north of Shaki, Azerbaijan. It has functioned at different times as a Caucasian Albanian Apostolic church a Chalcedonian church within the Georgian Orthodox Church and later as Armenian Apostolic Church.


title: Baltimore/Washington International Airport section title: Cargo airlines hierarchical section title: Baltimore/Washington International Airport / Airlines and destinations / Cargo airlines caption reference description: Baggage claim area at the Baltimore/Washington International Airport. caption attribution description: English: Baggage claim at Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. content: Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport is an airport serving the Washington Metropolitan Area in the United States. It is commonly called BWI. The airport is in northern Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is about 10 miles south of Baltimore and 32 miles northeast of Washington, DC. BWI is named after Thurgood Marshall. He is a Baltimore native and the first African American to be on the Supreme Court of the United States.
BWI is a focus city for Southwest Airlines and Cape Air. It is a hub for AirTran Airways. 21.9 million passengers traveled through BWI in 2010. July was the busiest month ever in the airport's history. BWI was the 24th busiest airport in North America in 2010. The airport was also 47th in the world in total aircraft movements in 2008.
In 2010, BWI was listed as the best airport of its size in the world by the Airports Council International. This was based on its 2009 Airport Service Quality survey. The airport also won second place for North American airports in the "Best Food and Beverage Program" of the 2010 Richard A. Griesbach Excellence in Airport Concessions Contest.


title: Hadlow section title: Breweries hierarchical section title: Hadlow / Breweries caption reference description: The converted maltings caption attribution description: English: The former Close Brewery, now "The Maltings", High Street, Hadlow content: Hadlow is a village in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling in Kent, England. It is situated in the Medway valley, north-east of Tonbridge and south-west of Maidstone.
The Saxon name for the settlement was Haeselholte. The Domesday Book records it as Haslow and in the Middle Ages it became Hadloe and then Hadlow.


title: Stripped Classicism section title: Notable examples hierarchical section title: Stripped Classicism / Notable examples caption attribution description: Victoria Palace, Bucharest, Romania (major government building at Piaţa Victoriei (Victory Square) This is a photo of a historic monument in București, classified with number B-II-m-A-19877 content: Stripped Classicism is primarily a 20th-century classicist architectural style stripped of most or all ornamentation, frequently employed by governments while designing official buildings. It was adapted by both totalitarian and democratic regimes. The style embraces a "simplified but recognizable" classicism in its overall massing and scale while eliminating traditional decorative detailing. The orders of architecture are only hinted at or are indirectly implicated in the form and structure.
Despite its etymological similarity, Stripped Classicism is sometimes distinguished from "Starved Classicism", the latter "displaying little feeling for rules, proportions, details, and finesse, and lacking all verve and élan". At other times the terms "stripped" and "starved" are used interchangeably.
Stripped Classicism was a materialistic manifestation of 'political' modernism. Recent historiography has explicitly linked this architectural style – and its relationship with modernist thinking – to political projects arising in the 1920–30s, which utilised artistic dexterity to articulate – in built form – a powerful political ethos orientated towards the future.


title: Cardiff town walls section title: Present day hierarchical section title: Cardiff town walls / Present day caption reference description: The Grade II* listed West Lodge Gate, which is the southern entrance to Bute Park, built in 1860 caption attribution description: English: West Lodge to Cardiff Castle, including attached Walls & Gateway Wikidata has entry Q17741270 with data related to this building. This is a photo of listed building number 21697. content: Cardiff's town walls were a Medieval defensive wall enclosing much of the present day centre of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, which included Cardiff Castle. It measured 1280 paces or 1.280 miles in circumference and had an average thickness of between 6 feet and 8 ft and a height of 10 ft.
It had five town gates and was first mentioned in the year 1111. Sections of the wall collapsed in the 18th century due to neglect, and many stones were then used as building material for other buildings in the town. The last large section of the wall was demolished in 1901. Now there are only two sections of the Medieval wall that still remain. One section of the wall supports a flower bed to the east of Cardiff Castle on Kingsway, and the second, larger section forms the rear of a shop on Queen Street in an unmarked alleyway immediately on the other side of Kingsway, between the Northgate Building and One Kingsway.


title: Peace movement section title: Anti-nuclear movement hierarchical section title: Peace movement / History / Anti-nuclear movement caption reference description: Women Strike for Peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis caption attribution description: English: 800 women strikers for peace on 47 St near the UN Bldg / World Telegram & Sun photo by Phil Stanziola. Group of women from Women Strike for Peace holding placards relating to the Cuban missile crisis and to peace. Wikipedia abstract: "Women Strike for Peace (WSP, also known as Women for Peace) is a United States women's peace activist group. It was founded by Bella Abzug and Dagmar Wilson, and was initially part of the movement for a ban on nuclear testing". content: A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war, minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts, peace camps, moral purchasing, supporting anti-war political candidates, legislation to remove the profit from government contracts to the Military–industrial complex, banning guns, creating open government and transparency tools, direct democracy, supporting Whistleblowers who expose War-Crimes or conspiracies to create wars, demonstrations, and national political lobbying groups to create legislation. The political cooperative is an example of an organization that seeks to merge all peace movement organizations and green organizations, which may have some diverse goals, but all of whom have the common goal of peace and humane sustainability. A concern of some peace activists is the challenge of attaining peace when those that oppose it often use violence as their means of communication and empowerment.


title: Trent Croad hierarchical section title: Trent Croad caption reference description: Croad with Hawthorn in 2007 caption attribution description: English: Trent Croad, Australian rules footballer content: Trent Eric Croad is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club and Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League.
During his 222-game AFL career, he achieved some of the Australian Football League's highest honours including an AFL premiership medallion, All-Australian selection, and representing Australia and Victoria on multiple occasions.


title: Antalya hierarchical section title: Antalya caption reference description: Clockwise from top left: Düden Waterfalls, Yivliminare Mosque, Konyaaltı, Hıdırlık Tower, Hadrian's Gate and Falez Park at night. caption attribution description: Русский: Коллаж из фотографий собственной съёмки. caption alt text description: Clockwise from top left: Düden Waterfalls, Yivliminare Mosque, Konyaaltı, Hıdırlık Tower, Hadrian's Gate and Falez Park at night. content: Antalya is the fifth-most populous city in Turkey and the capital of Antalya Province. Located on Anatolia's southwest coast bordered by the Taurus Mountains, Antalya is the largest Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast outside the Aegean region with over one million people in its metropolitan area.
The city that is now Antalya was first settled around 200 BC by the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon, which was soon subdued by the Romans. Roman rule saw Antalya thrive, including the construction of several new monuments, such as Hadrian's Gate, and the proliferation of neighboring cities. The city has changed hands several times, including to the Seljuk Sultanate in 1207 and an expanding Ottoman Empire in 1391. Ottoman rule brought relative peace and stability for the next five hundred years. The city was transferred to Italian suzerainty in the aftermath of World War I, but was recaptured by a newly independent Turkey in the War of Independence.
Antalya is Turkey's biggest international sea resort, located on the Turkish Riviera. Large-scale development and governmental funding has promoted tourism. A record 13.6 million tourists passed through the city in 2019.


title: Yashpal Kapur hierarchical section title: Yashpal Kapur caption reference description: Yash Pal Kapoor with Smt. Indira Ghandhi caption attribution description: English: In service to the Prime Minister content: Yash Pal Kapoor / Kapur was a leader of Indian National Congress and a close aide of Indira Gandhi. Kapoor was member of the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh from 1972 to 1978. Indira Gandhi's election was declared null and void as well as she was banned from contesting any election for an additional six years availing the services of a government officer, Yashpal Kapoor, during the elections before he had resigned from his position.


title: Kingsley, Iowa hierarchical section title: Kingsley, Iowa caption reference description: Downtown Kingsley caption attribution description: English: A picture of part of Kingsley, Iowa's downtown. caption alt text description: Downtown area content: Kingsley is a city in Plymouth County, Iowa, United States which is located within Garfield Township. The population was 1,411 at the 2010 census. The city was originally known as the village Quorn, which was founded by two brothers, Frederick and William B. Close. Quorn was named after the Quorn Hunt in England. The village was later relocated to a different part of Iowa and named Kingsley due to a railroad not running through the original area. The railroad was designed by the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company. Kingsley was founded on January 15, 1884 and the centennial celebration was held in June 1984. Kingsley includes organizations, recreational activities, and a local government consisting of a mayor and a city council. The schools are an elementary school and a high school, with the middle school being located in Pierson.
Recreational additions include a golf course and a public swimming pool. The city has a public library and published a newspaper titled The Kingsley News-Times, now combined with other newspapers to form The Record. There are many businesses and houses within the city limits.


title: Roșia de Secaș hierarchical section title: Roșia de Secaș caption reference description: Location in Alba County caption attribution description: ro:Categorie:Hărţi ale judeţului Alba caption alt text description: Location in Alba County content: Roșia de Secaș is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 1,696 and is composed of three villages: Roșia de Secaș, Tău and Ungurei.


title: Orcininae hierarchical section title: Orcininae caption attribution description: From source: Two mammal-eating "transient" killer whales photographed off the south side of Unimak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Magyar: Kardszárnyú delfin content: Orcininae is a contested subfamily of oceanic dolphins composed of nine living and extinct genera. It may be superseded by Delphinidae.


title: 2008 Wells earthquake hierarchical section title: 2008 Wells earthquake caption attribution description: Deutsch: Physische Positionskarte mit Bodenbedeckung der westlichen Staaten der USA Quadratische Plattkarte, N-S-Streckung 130.0 %. Geographische Begrenzung der Karte: English: Physical location map with land cover of Western United States, USA Equirectangular projection, N/S stretching 130.0 %. Geographic limits of the map: N: 49.5° N S: 28.3° N W: 126.0° W E: 101.4° W caption alt text description: 2008 Wells earthquake is located in USA West content: The 2008 Wells earthquake occurred at 07:16:02 on February 21, 2008 just northeast of the town of Wells, Nevada, causing moderate damage, mainly to older brick buildings. The quake was centered on one of the faults of the Independence Valley fault system, about nine kilometers beneath the surface and had no known near-surface ofset.


title: List of Iraqis section title: Politicians of Iraqi descent hierarchical section title: List of Iraqis / Politicians / Politicians of Iraqi descent caption reference description: Aryeh Bibi caption attribution description: English: MK Aryeh Bibi, Member of Kadima Party (Israel). Photo by: Itzik Edri, Kadima Party PR Team עברית: ח"כ אריה ביבי, תנועת קדימה. צילום: איציק אדרי, דוברות קדימה content: This list of Iraqis includes people who were born in Iraq and people who are of Iraqi ancestry, who are significantly notable for their life and/or work.


title: Isabel Letham hierarchical section title: Isabel Letham caption reference description: Isabel Letham, Bilgola Beach c. 1916 caption attribution description: English: Isabel Letham, Bilgola Beach, NSW, Australia, c. 1916 content: Isabel Ramsay Letham was an Australian pioneer surfboard rider and swimming instructor, renowned as 'the first Australian to ride a surfboard'. A probably erroneous story has been repeated for years that on 10 January 1915 at Freshwater Beach, Sydney she experimented riding a board in the Hawaiian tradition in tandem with Duke Kahanamoku. This story has been disputed by researchers who have investigated its roots and provenance, and the reality is probably that she did not do so until shortly after, at Dee Why beach in Sydney, on 6 February 1915.
Kahanamoku had been invited to Australia by the NSW Swimming Association. He hadn't brought a surfboard so he made one from sugar pine. At Freshwater Beach, Kahanamoku gave a 3-hour demonstration of "Hawaiian-style surf shooting" to a crowd of several hundred people on 10 January 1915. Australians had been bodyboarding on wooden boards, and bodysurfing.
Again probably apocryphally, the idea has been repeated for years that at the end of the Freshwater Beach session Kahanamoku invited Letham from the crowd for a tandem surfing demonstration.


title: Australia at the Paralympics section title: 1984 Winter Paralympics hierarchical section title: Australia at the Paralympics / Summary of Australia's Involvement / 1984 Winter Paralympics caption reference description: The Australian amputee team at the 1984 New York Paralympic Games. caption attribution description: English: The Australian amputee team at the 1984 New York Paralympic Games content: Australia has participated officially in every Summer Paralympics Games since its inauguration in 1960 and in the Winter Paralympics Games since 1980.
The Paralympic Games are held every four years, following the Olympic Games and are governed by the International Paralympic Committee. The Paralympic Games have been contractually tied to the Olympic Games since 2001, however, they have taken place at the same venues since the 1988 Seoul Summer Games and the 1992 Albertville Winter Games.
In order to compete at the Paralympics, athletes must have an eligible impairment that leads to a permanent activity limitation, and athletes will compete in the classification appropriate to their impairment. These impairments are physical, vision and intellectual impairments.
The Australian Paralympic Committee, established in 1990, is responsible for selecting and preparing the Australian Paralympic Teams for both the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. This committee assists with funding the athletes and competition in addition to talent identification.


title: National Bonsai Foundation section title: Mission statement hierarchical section title: National Bonsai Foundation / Mission statement caption reference description: A blue Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) bonsai on display at the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum. Donated by John Y. Naka. caption attribution description: A Blue Atlas Cedar (Cedrus atlantica var. "glauca") bonsai on display at the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum at the United States National Arboretum. According to the tree's display placard, it has been in training since 1950. It was donated by John Y. Naka. This is the "back" of the tree. content: The National Bonsai Foundation is a nonprofit organization that was created to sustain the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum. NBF also helps the United States National Arboretum showcase the arts of bonsai and penjing to the general public. The National Bonsai and Penjing Museum is located on the 446-acre campus of the U.S. National Arboretum in northeast Washington, D.C. Each year over 200,000 people visit the museum. Distinguished national and international guests of various federal departments are also among the visitors.


title: Richard Ingle hierarchical section title: Richard Ingle caption reference description: An early 17th-century English trading ship similar to one Captain Richard Ingle used as a colonial tobacco trader and later as a privateer and pirate fighting the Maryland Catholics in the name of English Parliament caption attribution description: English: The Maryland Dove at St. Mary's City, Maryland, USA Français : Maryland Dove à St. Mary's City, Maryland, États-Unis content: Richard Ingle was an English colonial seaman, ship captain, tobacco trader, privateer, and pirate in the American colony of Maryland. Ingle took over the colonial capital of the proprietary government in St. Mary's City removing Catholic Governor Lord Baltimore from power in 1645. Along with another Protestant rebel, Captain William Claiborne, he waged war with the Catholic colonial Governor Lord Baltimore and Maryland Catholics in the name of English Parliament after his ship was seized and confiscated and siding with the Maryland Puritans, in a period known as the "Plundering Time" in which unrest and lawlessness existed. Ingle and his men attacked ships and conquered
the colonial capital, St. Mary's City, Province of Maryland. Most of the Richard Ingle's life and background are unknown.


title: Private housing estates in Sha Tin District section title: Sha Tin hierarchical section title: Private housing estates in Sha Tin District / Sha Tin caption reference description: Wai Wah Centre caption attribution description: Wai Wap Centre 偉華中心 content: The following is a non exhaustive list of private housing estates in Sha Tin District, Hong Kong.


title: Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855) hierarchical section title: Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855) caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855), Queen of Sardinia and wife of Charles Albert content: Maria Theresa of Austria was born an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany. She was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. She was named after her great-grandmother Empress Maria Theresa. In 1817, she married Charles Albert of Sardinia and subsequently became the Queen of Sardinia upon her husband's accession to the throne in 1831.


title: Webster Rock School hierarchical section title: Webster Rock School caption reference description: Webster School in January, 2019 caption attribution description: This is the old Webster “Rock” School, located on Webster Road atop a hilltop overlooking the Tuckaseigee River below. Constructed between 1936 and 1938, the tan and brown river rock building was built by the Works Progress Administration (part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “New Deal”) and replaced an earlier, two-story, wood-frame school that once stood on the site of the athletic field next to the school. The building has one floor, and was built in an E-shaped plan with a wing containing eight classrooms, a cafeteria, and a library making up the front and side wings, with a large gymnasium/auditorium space in a central wing that extends out of the rear of the building behind the front entrance. The building was home to Webster Elementary School and Webster High School from 1936 until 1960, when the High School was consolidated with Sylva High School to form Sylva-Webster High School, located at the present campus of Smoky Mountain High School. The building continued to be used as Webster Elementary School until 1973, when it was consolidated with Savannah Elementary School and Sylva Elementary School to form Fairview Elementary School, which moved to a campus consisting of round, open-classroom “pod” structures behind Smoky Mountain High School. The building was subsequently renovated, with the window bays mostly filled in with wooden panels, and the ceilings of the interior lowered, and became home to the Southwestern Child Development Center and the Family Resources Center, a preschool and family welfare program that continues to operate out of the building. Though it has been altered in a way that is unsympathetic to the original design of the building, the changes are easily reversible, and hopefully will be undone in a future renovation, reopening the windows and allowing the building to function as intended, with massive, nine-over-nine double-hung windows allowing for light and ventilation. The building, owing to its historical value and minimally altered state (except for the cosmetics) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. content: The Webster Rock School is an historic school building located NC 116 / Main St., at Webster, Jackson County, North Carolina. It was built between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration, and is one story with hip roof utilitarian building, constructed of native "river rock" in colors of tan and brown. It has an "E"-shape plan and has a 13 bay front facade. The school originally contained an auditorium, cafeteria, kitchen and eight classrooms.
In 1990, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.


title: Moorestown, New Jersey hierarchical section title: Moorestown, New Jersey caption reference description: Moorestown Historic District caption attribution description: English: Looking down East Main Street in the Moorestown Historic District in Moorestown Township, NJ. This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 89002295 caption alt text description: Moorestown Historic District content: Moorestown is a township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States and an eastern suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 20,726, reflecting an increase of 1,709 from the 19,017 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,901 from the 16,116 counted in the 1990 Census.
Moorestown was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 11, 1922, from portions of Chester Township, based on the results of a referendum held on April 25, 1922. The township is named for a Thomas Moore who settled in the area in 1722 and constructed a hotel though other sources attribute the name to poet Thomas Moore.
The township banned all liquor sales in 1915 and retained the restrictions after Prohibition ended in 1933. Referenda aiming to repeal the ban failed in both 1935 and 1953. In 2007, the township council approved a referendum that would allow the sale by auction of six liquor licenses, with estimates that each license could sell over $1 million each. The referendum did not receive enough votes to pass.


title: List of Baroque residences hierarchical section title: List of Baroque residences caption attribution description: Pommersfelden, Schloss Weißenstein content: This is a list of Baroque palaces and residences built in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Baroque architecture is a building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy and spread in Europe. The style took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and the absolutist state in defiance of the Reformation.
Baroque architecture often includes fragmentary or deliberately incomplete architectural elements, opulent use of colour and ornaments and an external façade often characterized by a dramatic central projection. Many European palaces drew inspiration from the Palace of Versailles, started in 1682, making it one of the most imitated buildings of the 17th century.
This list includes important city residences, such as the Stockholm Palace and Winter Palace, but does not extend to pre-Versailles Roman palazzi, such as Palazzo Altieri, Palazzo Barberini, or Palazzo Ludovisi.


title: List of mammals of Singapore hierarchical section title: List of mammals of Singapore caption reference description: Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) was almost extirpated in Singapore caption attribution description: English: Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) in Singapore content: There are currently about 65 species of mammals in Singapore. Since the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including large species such as tigers, leopards and sambar deer. Most of these have since become extirpated from Singapore largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large mammals such as Asian elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.
Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995 and now possibly extirpated. The banded leaf monkey is also down to around 50 individuals. However, some species may be rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malaysian porcupine which was found on Pulau Tekong in 2005, and the greater mousedeer on Pulau Ubin in 2009.
The most commonly seen native mammals are the long-tailed macaque and plantain squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal that can still be found is the wild boar, which is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, but also found on the mainland.


title: Richard Von White hierarchical section title: Richard Von White caption reference description: Self portrait of Von caption attribution description: Self-portrait content: Richard "Von" White is an abstract expressionist artist. Born Richard Elis Blair White, on the island of Jamaica in 1951, to a family of prominent businessmen and founders of the town Oracabessa. "Von" is the stage name of Richard White, an artist who specialises in pastel tropical scenes inspired by nature and the female form.
Richard "Von" White studied at the Jamaica College of Art, then went on to study at Goldsmiths College of Art in London, under the tutelage of Professor Harry Thubron. Graduating with honours from Goldsmiths, Von went on to develop his own style of abstraction, with a keystone on the masters that have gone before – particularly Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin and Georgia O'Keeffe.
Von's philosophy on art finds its roots in Taoism. He expanded on many of his early ideas on art in an academic thesis based on creativity and its relationship with Taoism of Lao Tsu. Von's themes are an approach to abstract expressionism as embodied by the Tao. Von is of the Christian faith.
Von's paintings have been said to have a prevailing message of tranquility.
Von's art also finds great inspiration from the rock and roll era of the 1960s and 1970s.


title: Kalin Terziyski hierarchical section title: Kalin Terziyski caption attribution description: Български: Българският поет и писател Калин Терзийски English: Bulgarian poet and writer Kalin Terziyski caption alt text description: Kalin Terziyski content: Kalin Terziyski is a contemporary Bulgarian writer.
Educated as a psychiatrist, out of necessity for additional loan due to the low wages for young doctors in his home Bulgaria, he started writing in for newspapers and magazines. At the beginning of 2000, he dismissed his medical career and devoted his creative time to writing.
He was one of the winners of the European Union Prize for Literature 2011.


title: List of shopping malls in New Jersey section title: Role as public square hierarchical section title: List of shopping malls in New Jersey / Role as public square caption reference description: Freehold Raceway Mall caption attribution description: English: Center Court of the Mall post-renovation January 2009. content: Shopping malls in New Jersey have played a major role in shaping the suburban landscape of the state following World War II.


title: Holy Week in Salamanca hierarchical section title: Holy Week in Salamanca caption reference description: Paso of El Cristo de los Doctrinos caption attribution description: Cristo de los Doctrinos, Salamanca content: Holy Week in Salamanca is the most important religious event of Salamanca, Spain. It is celebrated in the week leading up to Easter.
During Holy Week, 16 fraternities feature 22 processions of pasos, floats of realistic wooden sculptures narrating scenes of the events of the Passion of Christ, or images of the Virgin Mary showing grief. Some of the sculptures are several centuries old and were created by important Spanish artists such as Luis Salvador Carmona, Alejandro Carnicero or Mariano Benlliure. Hundreds of penitents or cofrades take part on the parades, either carrying the pasos or walking the old streets of the city with crosses, flags or candles. Thousands of people, locals and visitors attend the events.
The city of Salamanca was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. The historic center offers a unique and attractive background for this celebration. The old streets and the impressive sites and landmarks provide the perfect atmosphere for the processions.
As a reflection of its cultural, historic and spiritual importance, Holy Week in Salamanca was declared Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain in 2003.


title: Scandinavia hierarchical section title: Scandinavia caption reference description:      The most common usage: the three monarchies Denmark, Norway and Sweden      An extended usage, including Finland, Svalbard, Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands caption attribution description: English: Map showing two of the common definitions of "Scandinavia"; a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe:    the most common usage: the three monarchies; Denmark, Norway and Sweden    an extended usage: including Finland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands Українська: Карта показує два визначення "Скандинавії"; культурного, історичного та етно-лінгвістичного регіону в Північній Європі:    звичайне визначення: три монархії; Данія, Норвегія та Швеція    розширене визначення: включає Фінляндію, Ісландію та Фарерські острови content: Scandinavia is a group of countries in northern Europe. Scandinavia is Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Some people also think Finland is part of Scandinavia. Others also say Iceland and the Faroe Islands should count. Most of the time, "Scandinavia" is used to mean places where people speak Scandinavian languages. The Scandinavian languages are very similar to each other, and many Scandinavians understand some of the other languages.
What people mean when they say "Scandinavia" depends on what they think is important at the time. Mostly, when people want to talk about about maps, natural land formations and how the economy works, they say Finland is part of Scandinavia but Iceland isn't. When people want to talk about history and what languages people speak, they say Iceland is part of Scandinavia but Finland isn't.
The Scandinavian Peninsula is a large peninsula reaching west from northern Europe over the north side of the Baltic Sea. Norway, Sweden and some of Finland are on this peninsula. However, Denmark is considered part of Scandinavia in the ethnic sense more often than Finland is. This is because Danish is a Scandinavian language but Finnish is not.


title: Integrism (Spain) section title: Program hierarchical section title: Integrism (Spain) / Program caption reference description: El Siglo Futuro caption attribution description: English: cover page of El Siglo Futuro content: Integrism was a Spanish political philosophy of the late 19th and early 20th century. Rooted in ultraconservative Catholic groupings like Neo-Catholics or Carlists, the Integrists represented the most right-wing formation of the Restoration political spectrum. Their vision discarded religious tolerance and embraced a state constructed along strictly Catholic lines; the Integrists opposed Liberalism and parliamentarian system, advocating an accidentalist organic regime. Led first by Ramón Nocedal Romea and then by Juan Olazábal Ramery they were active as a political structure named Partido Católico Nacional, but the group retained influence mostly thanks to an array of periodicals, headed by the Madrid-based El Siglo Futuro. Though Integrism enjoyed some momentum when it formally emerged in the late 1880s, it was soon reduced to a third-rate political force and eventually amalgamated within Carlism in the early 1930s.


title: Johan Grøttumsbråten hierarchical section title: Johan Grøttumsbråten caption reference description: Grøttumsbråten at the 1931 World Championships caption attribution description: English: Johan Grøttumsbråten at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1931 before winning the 18 km cross-country skiing. Magyar: Johan Grøttumsbråten az 1931-es északisí-világbajnokságon a 18 km-es sífutás versenyszámának megnyerése előtt. content: Johan Hagbart Pedersen Grøttumsbraaten was a Norwegian skier who competed in Nordic combined and cross-country. Dominating both events in the 1920s and early 1930s, he won several medals in the early Winter Olympics. Most notably, he won two gold medals at the 1928 Winter Olympics, and as one of the only two entrants to win two gold medalists from St. Moritz, was the most successful athlete there, along with Clas Thunberg of Finland. He previously won three medals at the inaugural Winter Olympics held in Chamonix in 1924, and went on to defend his Olympic Nordic Combined at the 1932 Winter Olympics.
In addition, he won three gold medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships: In 1931 he won both the cross-country 18 km and Nordic combined, after winning the Nordic combined event earlier in 1926.
Grøttumsbråten is one of only four people to ever win the Holmenkollen ski festival's Nordic combined event five times. In 1924, he shared the Holmenkollen medal with fellow Norwegian Nordic combined athlete Harald Økern.


title: Battle of Erquelinnes section title: 21 May combat hierarchical section title: Battle of Erquelinnes / Battle / 21 May combat caption reference description: Prince Reuss caption attribution description: Portrait of Feldmarshall Heinrich XV of Reuss Pleuen caption alt text description: Black and white print of a man whose hair is combed back and who appears to have an injury to his right eye. He wears a white military uniform with numerous awards pinned to the left breast. content: The Battle of Erquelinnes or Battle of Péchant was part of the Flanders Campaign during the War of the First Coalition, and saw a Republican French army jointly led by Jacques Desjardin and Louis Charbonnier try to defend a bridgehead on the north bank of the Sambre River against a combined Habsburg Austrian and Dutch army led by Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg. The French crossed the Sambre on the 20th and held their positions for a few days. On the 24th Kaunitz launched an early-morning surprise attack that routed the French. The War of the First Coalition combat represented the second of five French attempts to gain a foothold on the north bank of the Sambre. Erquelinnes is a village in Belgium directly on the border with France. It is situated about 30 kilometres southwest of Charleroi.
Jean-Charles Pichegru, the top French military commander in the north formed a mass of 60,000 troops by joining Desjardin's three-division right wing of the Army of the North to Charbonnier's two-division Army of the Ardennes. Without a single leader to control the force, Desjardin's troops were beaten by Kaunitz at Grandreng on 13 May while Charbonnier's men stood idle nearby.


title: Seishin-minami Station hierarchical section title: Seishin-minami Station caption reference description: Station entrance (November 2011) caption attribution description: 日本語: 神戸市営地下鉄西神南駅 content: Seishin-Minami Station is a railway station on the Seishin-Yamate Line in Nishi-ku, Kobe, Japan. It is located in a residential area near the Kobe Industrial Park.


title: Jane Pierce hierarchical section title: Jane Pierce caption attribution description: Mrs. Franklin Pierce, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left content: Jane Means Pierce, wife of U.S. President Franklin Pierce, was the First Lady of the United States from 1853 to 1857.


title: Sivas section title: Ancient and medieval hierarchical section title: Sivas / History / Ancient and medieval caption reference description: Gök Medrese, built by the Seljuk Turks caption attribution description: English: Gok Medrese in Sivas, Turkey content: Sivas is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province.
The city, which lies at an elevation of 1,278 metres in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is a moderately-sized trade center and industrial city, although the economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Rail repair shops and a thriving manufacturing industry of rugs, bricks, cement, and cotton and woolen textiles form the mainstays of the city's economy. The surrounding region is a cereal-producing area with large deposits of iron ore which are worked at Divriği.
Sivas is also a communications hub for the north–south and east–west trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively. With the development of railways, the city gained new economic importance as junction of important rail lines linking the cities of Ankara, Kayseri, Samsun, and Erzurum. The city is linked by air to Istanbul. The popular name Sebastian derives from Sebastianòs, Σεβαστιανός, meaning someone from the city.


title: List of works by Georg Baselitz hierarchical section title: List of works by Georg Baselitz caption reference description: Georg Baselitz photographed by Lothar Wolleh, Mülheim, 1971 caption attribution description: Georg Baselitz photographed by Lothar Wolleh, Mülheim, 1971 content: This is an incomplete list of works by the German painter, Georg Baselitz.


title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones section title: State by state listing hierarchical section title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones / State by state listing caption reference description: Turquoise (1967) caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) caption alt text description: A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions. content: Some American states have made a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.
In the chart below the year in parentheses are the year when that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially made a State symbol or emblem.


title: Louis XVI section title: Concerning Asia hierarchical section title: Louis XVI / Foreign policy / Concerning Asia caption reference description: Louis XVI giving La Pérouse his instructions, by Nicolas-André Monsiau caption attribution description: Français : Louis XVI donnant des instructions à La Pérouse, le 29 juin 1785 content: Louis XVI was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine. In 1765, upon the death of his father, Louis, Dauphin of France, he became the new Dauphin. Upon his grandfather Louis XV's death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title King of France and Navarre, until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792.
The first part of his reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille and the corvée, and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as abolish the death penalty for deserters. The French nobility reacted to the proposed reforms with hostility, and successfully opposed their implementation. Louis implemented deregulation of the grain market, advocated by his economic liberal minister Turgot, but it resulted in an increase in bread prices.


title: Andrew Tarbell hierarchical section title: Andrew Tarbell caption reference description: Tarbell playing at Avaya Stadium in 2017 caption attribution description: English: Andrew Tarbell playing for San Jose Earthquakes at Avaya Stadium on 19 August 2017. content: Andrew Tarbell is an American soccer player plays as a goalkeeper for Columbus Crew in Major League Soccer.


title: Melchior Anderegg section title: Alpine guide hierarchical section title: Melchior Anderegg / Alpine guide caption reference description: Melchior Anderegg (standing, 4th from left), Horace Walker (sitting, 3rd from left), Lucy Walker (standing, 3rd from left) caption attribution description: Die Walker Familie mit Freunden und Bergführern 1870. Hintere Reihe v. l. n. r.: Jacob Anderegg, M.J. Moore, Lucy Walker, Melchior Anderegg. Mitte v. l. n. r.: Miss Hughes, Horace Walker, Mrs F. Walker, A.W. Moore. Vorne v. l. n. r: Frank Walker, Johann Jaun content: Melchior Anderegg, from Zaun, Meiringen, was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascensionist of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism. His clients were mostly British, the most famous of whom was Leslie Stephen, the writer, critic and mountaineer; Anderegg also climbed extensively with members of the Walker family, including Horace Walker and Lucy Walker, and with Florence Crauford Grove. His cousin Jakob Anderegg was also a well-known guide.


title: Calvinism section title: History hierarchical section title: Calvinism / Etymology / History caption reference description: Calvin preached at St. Pierre Cathedral, the main church in Geneva. caption attribution description: English: Cathedral St.-Pierre in Geneva. Taken Sept 30 2005. -- SCZenz 07:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC) content: Calvinism is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
Calvinists broke from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century. Calvinists differ from Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, theories of worship, and the use of God's law for believers, among other things. The term Calvinism can be misleading, because the religious tradition which it denotes has always been diverse, with a wide range of influences rather than a single founder; however almost all of them drew heavily from the writings of Augustine of Hippo a millennium prior. In the context of the Reformation, Huldrych Zwingli began the Reformed tradition in 1519 in the city of Zürich. His followers were instantly labeled Zwinglians, consistent with the Catholic practice of naming heresy after its founder. Very soon, Zwingli was joined by Martin Bucer, Wolfgang Capito, William Farel, Johannes Oecolampadius and other early Reformed thinkers.