title: History of chemistry section title: Medieval alchemy hierarchical section title: History of chemistry / Medieval alchemy caption reference description: Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), a 9th-century Persian-Arab alchemist whose experimental research laid the foundations of chemistry. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Der Alchemist Dschābir ibn Ḥayyān, Portrait von Geber, 15. Jhdt., Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 English: The alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan, from a 15th century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 Español: El alquimista Jabir Ibn Hayyan, from a 15th c. European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166 content: The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass,
and making alloys like bronze.
The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The distinction began to emerge when a clear differentiation was made between chemistry and alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist. While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific method to their work.
The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.


title: Chinese Garden, Singapore section title: Pagoda hierarchical section title: Chinese Garden, Singapore / Features / Pagoda caption reference description: The 7-storey pagoda with some of the Eight Heroes in the foreground. caption attribution description: English: 7-storey pagoda in Singapore's Chinese Garden in Jurong East, with some of the 8 Heros statues in the front. Deutsch: 7-stöckige Pagode in Singapurs Chinese Garden in Jurong East, im Vordergrund einige der 8 Helden Statuen content: Chinese Garden is a park in Jurong East, Singapore. Built in 1975 by the JTC Corporation and designed by Prof. Yuen-chen Yu, an architect from Taiwan, the Chinese Garden’s concept is based on Chinese gardening art. The main characteristic is the integration of architectural features with the natural environment. The Chinese Garden is modeled along the northern Chinese imperial style of architecture and landscaping. It is located next to Chinese Garden MRT station and connected to the adjacent Japanese Garden by a bridge. Along with Japanese Garden, the two gardens are collectively known as the Jurong Gardens.


title: List of mannerist structures in Southern Poland section title: Lower Silesian Voivodeship hierarchical section title: List of mannerist structures in Southern Poland / Lower Silesian Voivodeship caption attribution description: English: The palace in Krobielowice near Wrocław, Poland; deathplace of Prussian feldmarshall Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.Polski: Krobielowice 21 - zamek, XVII, XIX This is a photo of a monument in Poland identified by the ID 599641 content: The mannerist architecture and sculpture in Poland includes two major traditions, Polish/Italian and Dutch/Flemish, that dominated in northern Poland. The Silesian mannerism of southwestern Poland was largely influenced by Bohemian and German mannerism, while the Pomeranian mannerism of northwestern Poland was influenced by Gothic tradition and Northern German mannerism. The Jews in Poland adapted patterns of Italian and Polish mannerism to their own tradition. The mannerist complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and mannerist City of Zamość are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Polish mannerism, though largely dominated by Italian architects and sculptors, has unique characteristics which differentiate it from its Italian equivalent, including attics, decorational motives, the construction and shape of buildings, and Dutch, Bohemian, and German influences. Among the notable architects and sculptors of Polish/Italian mannerism were Santi Gucci, Jan Michałowicz of Urzędów, Giovanni Maria Padovano, Giovanni Battista di Quadro, Jan Frankiewicz, Galleazzo Appiani, Jan Jaroszewicz, Bernardo Morando, Kasper Fodyga, Krzysztof Bonadura, Antoneo de Galia, and many others.


title: List of Frank Lloyd Wright works section title: Completed works hierarchical section title: List of Frank Lloyd Wright works / Completed works caption attribution description: English: The Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Wauwatosa. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Taken and uploaded on April 22, 2009. Attribute to Kevin S. Hansen. content: Chronological list of houses, commercial buildings and other works by Frank Lloyd Wright. There are over 425 works by Wright on this list, which can be sorted individually by each column.


title: British Classic Races section title: Multiple classic winners hierarchical section title: British Classic Races / Multiple classic winners caption reference description: Nijinsky, the last winner of the Triple Crown in 1970 content: The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series marks a horse as truly exceptional.


title: Jäger (infantry) section title: Age of Enlightenment (18th century) hierarchical section title: Jäger (infantry) / Age of Enlightenment (18th century) caption reference description: Franz Rudolf Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Jäger Corps with his Schweizerischer Niederlaufhund, painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1785 caption attribution description: Franz Rudolf Frisching (1733-1807), from 1783 von Frisching (the family was ennobled in 1783), with his Berner Laufhund. The portrait shows Franz Rudolf von Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps (military unit). In German: Jäger Corps. This is the only known painting that shows the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps of the 18th century in all its details. content: Jäger is a German military term that originally referred to light infantry, but has come to have wider usage.
While it may be literally translated as "hunter", in German-speaking states during the early modern era, the term Jäger was used to describe skirmishers, scouts, sharpshooters and runners. Jäger came to denote light infantrymen whose civilian occupations made them well-suited to patrolling and skirmishing, on an individual and independent basis, rather than as part of military unit.
While Jäger often continued to carry its original connotations, the word's usage and derivatives broadened over time. For instance, Feldjäger was the name given by the Prussian Army to scouts and runners. During the 20th century, Jäger became the German word for fighter aircraft, while Panzerjäger was the name adopted for tank destroyers. Conversely, in the modern German army, Feldjäger is the name given to military police.
Jäger, in its original sense of light infantry, is usually translated into English as:
"rifleman" or "Rifles" and;
"ranger".
In English Jäger is often written as jaeger or anglicised as jager to avoid the umlaut.


title: The Royal Society section title: Prize lectures hierarchical section title: The Royal Society / Society honours / Prize lectures caption reference description: The coat-of-arms of the Royal Society as a stained-glass window. The motto is 'Nullius in verba'. caption attribution description: en:Royal Society en:coat-of-arms. Copyright 2004-04-20 Kaihsu Tai. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "Text of the GNU Free Documentation License". Subject to disclaimers. content: The Royal Society is a society for science and scientists. It was founded in 1660 by Charles II. It is the oldest society of its kind still in existence.


title: Glutinous rice section title: Burma hierarchical section title: Glutinous rice / Use in foods / Burma caption attribution description: Mandalay, Myanmar htamanè glutinous rice content: Glutinous rice is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia, Northeastern India and Bhutan which has opaque grains, very low amylose content, and is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely consumed across Asia.
It is called glutinous in the sense of being glue-like or sticky, and not in the sense of containing gluten. While often called "sticky rice", it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice which also become sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include japonica, indica and tropical japonica strains.


title: Rail transport section title: Energy hierarchical section title: Rail transport / Social, economical, and energetic aspects / Energy caption reference description: BNSF Railway freight service in the United States caption attribution description: An eastbound BNSF train at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. The train is passing some maintenance of way equipment on the other track. caption alt text description: Orange locomotive hauling freight content: Rail transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on ties set in ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as slab track. This is where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.
Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tired road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars can be coupled into longer trains. The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway electrification system or produce their own power, usually by diesel engines or, historically, steam engines. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system.


title: National Security Advisor (United States) section title: List of National Security Advisors hierarchical section title: National Security Advisor (United States) / List of National Security Advisors caption attribution description: English: General James L. Jones of the United States Marine Corps. The photograph can be found at his biography at the United States European Command, specifically jones.jpg. content: The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor or at times informally termed the NSC Advisor, is a senior aide in the Executive Office of the President, based at the West Wing of the White House, who serves as the chief in-house advisor to the president of the United States on national security issues. The National Security Advisor is appointed by the president and does not require confirmation by the Senate, but an appointment of a three or four-star general to the role requires Senate reconfirmation of military rank.
The National Security Advisor participates in meetings of the National Security Council and usually chairs meetings of the Principals Committee of the NSC with the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense. The National Security Advisor is supported by NSC staff who produce research and briefings for the National Security Advisor to review and present, either to the National Security Council or directly to the president.


title: Australia at the 2000 Summer Paralympics section title: Judo hierarchical section title: Australia at the 2000 Summer Paralympics / Judo caption reference description: Australian judoka Anthony Clarke fights Great Britain's Ian Rose in competition at the Sydney 2000 Paralympics caption attribution description: English: Australian judoka Anthony Clarke fights Ian Rose during 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games match content: Australia was the host nation for the 2000 Summer Paralympics which was held in Sydney. Australia competed in the games between 18 and 29 October. The team consisted of 285 athletes in 18 sports with 148 officials. It was the country's largest ever Paralympic delegation to a Games. Australia has participated at every Summer Paralympic Games since its inception. Australia finished at the top of the medal tally with 63 gold, 39 silver and 47 bronze medals to total 149 medals for the games. This was the first time and the only time to date that Australia has finished on top of either an Olympic or Paralympic medal tally. The most successful sports were athletics, cycling, equestrian, swimming and wheelchair tennis.
Notable Australian performances were:
Siobhan Paton won six gold medals in S14 swimming events and set six world records
Timothy Sullivan won five gold medals and set five world records in athletics
Neil Fuller, a leg amputee sprinter, won four gold medals and one bronze medal and was flag bearer at the closing ceremony
Lisa Llorens won three gold medals and one silver medal in athletics
Greg Smith in wheelchair athletics events won three gold medals


title: Economy of the Song dynasty section title: Copper resources and receipts of deposit hierarchical section title: Economy of the Song dynasty / Commerce / Copper resources and receipts of deposit caption reference description: Jiaozi, the world's first paper-printed currency, an innovation of the Song dynasty. caption alt text description: A reddish purple rectangular piece of paper, about two times as long as it is wide, with a design divided into three sections. The top section depicts ten circles in two rows of five. The middle section is several lines of text, vertically ruled, and the bottom section depicts several men standing in front of a gate. content: For over three centuries during the Song dynasty China experienced sustained growth in per capita income and population, structural change in the economy, and increased pace of technological innovation. Movable print, improved seeds for rice and other commercial crops, gunpowder, water-powered mechanical clocks, the use of coal as a source of fuel for a variety of industries, improved techniques for iron and steel production, pound locks and many other technological innovations transformed the economy. In north China, the main fuel source for ceramic kilns and iron furnaces shifted from wood to coal. This made the job a lot faster because coal burns quicker.
During the Song dynasty, there was also a notable increase in commercial contacts with global markets. Merchants engaged in overseas trade through investments in trading vessels and trade which reached ports as far away as East Africa. This period also witnessed the development of the world's first banknote, or printed paper money, which circulated on a massive scale. Combined with a unified tax system and efficient trade routes by road and canal, this meant the development of a truly nationwide market.


title: Seraucourt-le-Grand hierarchical section title: Seraucourt-le-Grand caption reference description: The town hall of Seraucourt-le-Grand caption attribution description: Français : Seraucourt-le-Grand (Aisne) mairie caption alt text description: The town hall of Seraucourt-le-Grand content: Seraucourt-le-Grand is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.


title: Paul Dirac section title: Family hierarchical section title: Paul Dirac / Personal life / Family caption reference description: Paul Dirac with his wife in Copenhagen, July 1963 caption attribution description: English: Paul Dirac with wife, July 1963 at Copenhagen Deutsch: Paul Dirac mit Gattin, Juli 1963 in Kopenhagen content: Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac OM FRS was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.
Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation which describes the behaviour of fermions and predicted the existence of antimatter. Dirac shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory". He also made significant contributions to the reconciliation of general relativity with quantum mechanics.
Dirac was regarded by his friends and colleagues as unusual in character. In a 1926 letter to Paul Ehrenfest, Albert Einstein wrote of Dirac, "I have trouble with Dirac. This balancing on the dizzying path between genius and madness is awful." In another letter he wrote, "I don't understand Dirac at all."
He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.


title: Tamaulipas section title: Geography hierarchical section title: Tamaulipas / Geography caption attribution description: English: Gulf coastal grassland and prairie habitat. Tamaulipas State Highway 175 [aka. Highway 5; road to Mezquital], (25.5555°N, 97.4921°W), Municipality of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Photographed on 18 March 2009. William L. Farr content: Tamaulipas, officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas, is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria.
Located in northeastern Mexico, it is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the southeast, San Luis Potosí to the southwest, and Nuevo León to the west. To the north, it has a 370 km stretch of the U.S.–Mexico border along the state of Texas, and to the east it is bordered by the Gulf of Mexico.
The name Tamaulipas is derived from Tamaholipa, a Huastec term in which the tam- prefix signifies "place". No scholarly agreement exists on the meaning of holipa, but "high hills" is a common interpretation. Another explanation of the state name is that it is derived from Ta ma ho'lipam.
In addition to the capital city, Ciudad Victoria, the state's largest cities include Reynosa, Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, Tampico, and Mante.


title: Roman Catholic High School section title: Campus hierarchical section title: Roman Catholic High School / Campus caption reference description: View east side of Roman Catholic High School. Roman's 1953 and 1997 additions are visible in the foreground, showing the contrast between the red brick facades and the marble facade of the original 1890 building. caption attribution description: English: An image of the east side of Roman Catholic High School. Roman's 1997 addition is visible in the foreground, showing the contrast between its brick facade and the marble facade of the original 1890 building. content: The Roman Catholic High School of Philadelphia, Founded by Thomas E. Cahill in 1890 as the first free Diocesan Catholic high school for boys in the nation. It is also known as "Boys Catholic High School" or simply "Roman." The school is located at the intersection of Broad and Vine Streets in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.


title: Freelan Oscar Stanley section title: Stanley Dry Plate Company hierarchical section title: Freelan Oscar Stanley / Stanley Dry Plate Company caption reference description: Francis Edgar Stanley in his studio caption attribution description: Self-portrait of Francis Edgar (F. E.) Stanley in his portrait studio located on the third floor of 138 Lisbon Street in Lewiston, circa 1882. content: Freelan Oscar Stanley was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but he is best remembered as the co-founder, along with his twin brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado.


title: Benjamin Foulois hierarchical section title: Benjamin Foulois caption reference description: Benjamin D. Foulois caption attribution description: English: Major General Benjamin D. Foulois (1879-1967) from http://www.af.mil/news/story_media.asp?storyID=123006455 content: Benjamin Delahauf Foulois was a United States Army general who learned to fly the first military planes purchased from the Wright Brothers. He became the first military aviator as an airship pilot, and achieved numerous other military aviation "firsts". He led strategic development of the Air Force in the United States.


title: List of Romanesque buildings section title: Italy hierarchical section title: List of Romanesque buildings / List / Italy caption reference description: Basilica of St. Nicholas caption attribution description: Deutsch: Italien, Bari, Kirche San Nicola English: Italy, Bari, San Nicola church content: Listed below are examples of surviving buildings in Romanesque style in Europe, sorted by modern day countries.


title: New Center Park hierarchical section title: New Center Park caption reference description: New Center Park, July 2005 caption attribution description: New Center Park content: The New Center Park is a park that was added to serve as a gathering place and which hosts a summer long series of weekly events held in the New Center area. It includes outdoor movies and concerts, happy hour, summer Jazz, and regular events for families and children. It began as TastFest, then became the annual five-day CityFest food festival that occurs near Independence Day weekend in the New Center district of Detroit, Michigan. It has since become a summer long affair with the advent called "New Center Park" after the park's name. The New Center Council has constructed a center stage with a 1,000-person outdoor concert venue capable of hosting national acts in the Park at W. Grand Boulevard and Second Ave along with a 5,000 sq ft. outdoor patio.
The events have traditionally been sponsored by Comerica. The main attractions of the event are vendors representing local restaurants and caterers that provide condensed versions of their menus for sale. The festival is supplemented by live music and other performances, as well as merchandise vendors. Locally referred to as simply "New Center Park."
In 2010, the "New Center Park" summer-long series of events replaced CityFest.


title: The Reading 120 section title: Past road race winners hierarchical section title: The Reading 120 / Past road race winners caption reference description: Some international and domestic professional cyclists coming through the Start/Finish for another lap of the finishing circuit in the Univest Grand Prix caption attribution description: English: picture of finish line at Univest GP, Souderton, PA, September 2007. content: The Reading 120, Thompson Bucks County Classic and Univest Grand Prix were professional bicycle road races founded in 1998 by former professional cyclist and two time US National Champion John Eustice, and sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale – the world governing body of competitive cycling. The races took place in Southeast Pennsylvania beginning with The Univest Grand Prix in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States from 1999 to 2011, Thompson Bucks County Classic in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States 2012 to 2014 and Reading 120 in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States 2015 and 2016.
The races are noteworthy not just for their sanctioning by the UCI, but also for their courses. In addition to the 160 km road races the event expanded in 2004 to include a non-competitive 100 km recreational ride and a criterium of Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
In 2017, the road race portion of the event was cancelled. The criterium in Doylestown continues under the Thompson Bucks County Classic name and now includes a professional women's field and amateur men's and women's fields. The race came under new direction in 2019 after the retirement of John Eustice.


title: HKL Class M200 hierarchical section title: HKL Class M200 caption reference description: Interior of a M200 carriage caption alt text description: Interior of a M200 carriage content: The HKL Class M200 is a class of metro trains in use on the Helsinki Metro, based on the DBAG Class 481 trains used on the Berlin S-Bahn. One train consists of two individually numbered cars. A total of 12 pairs were manufactured by Bombardier-DWA in Germany during 2000–2001.
In 2017, the City Council of Helsinki decided to refurbish class M100 and class M200 trains in order to extend their lifetime for another 10 years. The renovation started in late 2019 and will be completed by government-owned VR Kunnossapito Oy.
Up to six pairs can be combined into a 12-car train formation, however due to the relatively short length of the platforms, at most only two pairs can be combined for passenger service. Longer combinations are used in maintenance operations. Any Helsinki metro train types can be combined mechanically, such as for towing.


title: Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan hierarchical section title: Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan caption reference description: Plate for non-private vehicles caption attribution description: Українська: Номерний знак Казахстану content: The current format of Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan uses black letters on a white background with a Kazakh Flag and the country code KZ on the left. The two digit area code is located on the square located on the right and the rest of the plate follows the format 111AAA. This format was introduced in 2011 and was implemented from August 2012.


title: Death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner section title: International hierarchical section title: Death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner / Reactions / International caption reference description: Presidents Juan Manuel Santos, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Hugo Chávez with President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner caption attribution description: Español: Los Presidentes de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela en el funeral de Nestor Kirchner content: Néstor Kirchner, former President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, former Governor of Santa Cruz from 1991 to 2003, former First Gentleman from 2007 to 2010 and the first Secretary General of UNASUR, had died of heart failure on the morning of 27 October 2010 at the Jose Formenti hospital in El Calafate, Santa Cruz Province at the age of 60. Efforts to revive him were unsuccessful. His wife, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, was present with him when he died. He was also expected to run for president in 2011.
He had two coronary interventions earlier that year. On 7 February 2010, he developed problems with the common carotid artery and needed surgery. On 11 September 2010, he was hospitalized due to coronary artery blockage and needed an angioplasty.
For more than 24 hours, hundreds of thousands of people filed past Kirchner’s body lying in state, in a state funeral at the Casa Rosada attended by several Argentine personalities and eight South American leaders. Starting 29 October afternoon, a massive popular procession accompanied the remains of Néstor Kirchner from Casa Rosada to the metropolitan airport, and then from the airport of Río Gallegos to the cemetery.


title: Découvertes Gallimard section title: History hierarchical section title: Découvertes Gallimard / History caption reference description: Encyclopédie is the first French encyclopaedia, a work edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert and many other contributors. It was one of the first encyclopaedias to realise the form we would recognise today, also the first one to include contributions from many named contributors, and perhaps the most famous early encyclopaedia. The 100th title Le Roman vrai de l'Encyclopédie ('True Novel of the Encyclopaedia') is dedicated to this work. caption attribution description: English: Cover of the "Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" (Encyclopaedia or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts) Edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond D'Alembert (retouched version: annoying minor dark spots removed; two greater luminous spots (top + bottom right) removed; little perspective transformation of the whole page; little retouching of surrounding borders; extra perspective transformation for the whole block below "Tome Premier") Deutsch: Titelseite der "Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" Herausgegeben von Denis Diderot und Jean le Rond D'Alembert (Enzyklopädie oder erklärendes Wörterbuch der Wissenschaft, der Kunst und des Handwerks) Ursprüngliche WP-Dateien: fr:WP-Image ENC_1-NA5_600px.jpeg - Première page de l'Encyclopédie de D'Alembert et Diderot (grand format) fr:WP-Image:Encyclopedie_cover_page.jpg - Couverture de lEncyclopédie de Diderot et D'Alembert - L'ouvrage est sous-titré : Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers - Il fut publié entre 1751 et 1772 Français : Page de titre de l' "Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers" Éditée sous la direction de Denis Diderot et Jean le Rond D’Alembert Русский: Титульный лист издания «Энциклопедия, или толковый словарь наук, искусств и ремёсел» Энциклопедии Дидро и д'Аламбера content: Découvertes Gallimard is an encyclopaedic collection of illustrated monographic books aimed at adults and teenagers, made in the style of livre d'art and printed in a pocket format. It was created by Pierre Marchand and published by Éditions Gallimard. The first volume À la recherche de l'Égypte oubliée appeared in November 1986, written by French Egyptologist Jean Vercoutter. These scholarly little books then released in successive volumes, without a systematic plan, each of which is structured like a separate book. The collection currently contains 588 volumes, with more than 150 volumes of spin-offs and catalogues.


title: North London derby section title: Beginning of rivalry hierarchical section title: North London derby / History / Beginning of rivalry caption reference description: The traditional first kits of Arsenal (left) and Spurs (right). content: The North London derby is the name of the association football local rivalry in England between Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, both of which are based in North London. Fans of both clubs consider the other to be their main rivals, and the derby is considered by many to be one of the most famous and fiercest derbies in England and Europe. Although the two teams first played each other in 1887, the rivalry did not begin until 1913 when Arsenal moved their ground to north London. As of 12 July 2020, 187 games have been played between the two teams since their first game in the Football League in 1909, with 77 wins for Arsenal, 59 wins for Tottenham and 51 games drawn. When games played before the formation of the Football League are included, 200 games have been played, with Arsenal winning 82, Tottenham 65, and 53 draws.
Notable matches of the North London derby include the games in which Arsenal won the league at White Hart Lane in 1971 and 2004, Tottenham beating Arsenal 5–0 at home in 1983 and Arsenal winning by the same score away in 1978, and Tottenham beating Arsenal 3–1 at the semi-final of the 1990–91 FA Cup, which they went on to win.


title: Cambrian Line section title: Coast Line infrastructure problems hierarchical section title: Cambrian Line / Coast Line infrastructure problems caption reference description: Wave damage caused 3 January 2014 at Llanaber railway station caption attribution description: English: Storm damage to the rails 100 meters north of Llanaber railway station, near Barmouth, Wales, damaged on 3 January 2014. content: The Cambrian Line is a railway that runs from Shrewsbury to Aberystwyth and Pwllheli, both on the west coast of Wales. The line from Dovey Junction to Pwllheli is sometimes called the Cambrian Coast Line.
The railway is scenic: it runs through the Cambrian Mountains in central Wales and along the coast of Cardigan Bay.
The line includes long sections of rural single track and is designated as a community rail partnership.


title: Andrew Jackson hierarchical section title: Andrew Jackson caption attribution description: Andrew Jackson (1767 – 1845) English: Portrait of Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States Deutsch: Andrew Jackson, siebter Präsident der USA caption alt text description: White-haired man with black coat content: Andrew Jackson was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a "corrupt aristocracy" and to preserve the Union.
Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War, Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate, representing Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage, and became a wealthy, slaveowning planter. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year. He led troops during the Creek War of 1813–1814, winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.


title: Clinton Scollard hierarchical section title: Clinton Scollard caption reference description: Clinton Scollard, 1902 caption attribution description: English: Photographic image of American poet, author, and educator Clinton Scollard (1860–1932). From The Critic, April 1902 (vol. XL, no. 4), page 295. content: Clinton Scollard was an American poet and writer of fiction. He was a Professor of English at Hamilton College, and collaborator and husband of Jessie Belle Rittenhouse.


title: Mali section title: History hierarchical section title: Mali / History caption reference description: The extent of the Mali Empire's peak content: Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres. The population of Mali is 19.1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt.
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa.


title: Wildlife of Saudi Arabia hierarchical section title: Wildlife of Saudi Arabia caption reference description: Topographic map of Saudi Arabia caption attribution description: English: Topographic maps of Saudi Arabia. Created with GMT from SRTM data. Čeština: Topografická mapa Saúdské Arábie content: The wildlife of Saudi Arabia is substantial and varied. Saudi Arabia is a very large country forming the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. It has several geographic regions, each with a diversity of plants and animals adapted to their own particular habitats. As well as high mountains and deserts, there is a coastal plain and long coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the west and a rather shorter coastline on the Persian Gulf to the east.


title: Philadelphia Phillies section title: Fan support and reputation hierarchical section title: Philadelphia Phillies / Community / Fan support and reputation caption reference description: Phillies vs New York Mets, May 2, 2009 at Citizens Bank Park caption attribution description: English: "Full House at Citizens Bank Park" (Digital watercolor) Philadelphia Phillies vs New York Mets, May 2, 2009 content: The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They compete in Major League Baseball as a member of the National League East division. Since 2004, the team's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelphia. The Phillies are the oldest continuous same-name, same-city franchise in American professional sports.
The Phillies have won two World Series championships and seven National League pennants, the first of which came in 1915. Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903, the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons before they won their first World Series—longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century. They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball. The Phillies have won 11 division titles, including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League. Hall of Fame third baseman Mike Schmidt is widely considered the franchise's greatest player of all time.


title: Broulee Island Nature Reserve hierarchical section title: Broulee Island Nature Reserve caption reference description: Broulee Island looking south from Burri Point caption attribution description: English: Broulee Island, New South Wales, Australia looking south from Burrewurra Point. The harbour would have been to the west (right of the picture). content: The Broulee Island Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve located on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. The 43 ha reserve was created in 1972 and is managed by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service. The reserve is situated 23 kilometres south of Batemans Bay and is adjacent to the village of Broulee.
As of July 2008 a tombolo connected Broulee Island to the mainland at Broulee Head. Broulee Island Nature Reserve is located entirely in Eurobodalla Shire and within the boundaries of the Mogo Local Aboriginal Land Council.


title: North Carolina Aquariums section title: North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher hierarchical section title: North Carolina Aquariums / North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher caption reference description: The Spadefish Sculpture outside the main entrance of the North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher. caption attribution description: The Spadefish Sculpture outside the main entrance of the North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher. Photo taken with a Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ20 in New Hanover County, NC, USA. content: North Carolina Aquariums is a system of three public aquariums located in Kure Beach, Roanoke Island and Pine Knoll Shores. All are operated by the Aquariums Division of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources since 1976 and are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. All three aquariums feature dive shows, live animal encounters, and feeding programs.


title: British World War II destroyers section title: Evolution hierarchical section title: British World War II destroyers / Evolution caption reference description: HMCS Haida, a Canadian Tribal-class destroyer caption attribution description: Destroyer HMCS Haida moored as museum ship at Hamilton, Ontario. Photo taken on December 2, 2006. Source: Photo by me, User:Balcer. content: At the start of World War II, the Royal Navy operated a range of destroyer classes. Some of these were legacies of World War I, some were designed during the inter-war years and the rest were the result of wartime experience and conditions. British-built and -designed vessels were also supplied to and built by allied navies, primarily the Australian and Canadian navies.


title: Nora Aunor section title: 1960s hierarchical section title: Nora Aunor / Career / 1960s caption reference description: Guy and Pip with Maria Leonora Theresa caption attribution description: Nora Aunor and Tirso Cruz III with their doll Maria Leonora Theresa content: Nora Aunor is a Filipina actress, recording artist, and film producer. Aunor has also appeared in several stage plays, television shows and concerts. She is known as Philippine cinema's "Superstar" and is regarded as the People's National Artist. The Hollywood Reporter called her "The Grand Dame of Philippine Cinema" for her performance in the movie Taklub and her contribution to Philippine film industry.
Aunor started her career as a singer, after winning a local talent search. She rose to fame in the following years as both a singer and actress. After her film debut All Over the World, transitioned into heavy drama in films such as Tatlong taong walang Diyos, Himala and Bona. Her performances in The Flor Contemplacion Story and Thy Womb, gave her international and local awards and nominations.
For her work, Aunor received 17 FAMAS Award nominations and is a "Hall of Fame" inductee, winning five Best Actress Awards. She is the most nominated actress in the history of the Gawad Urian Awards with 21 nominations, winning seven.


title: AN/FPS-17 hierarchical section title: AN/FPS-17 caption reference description: AN/FPS-17 antennas at Shemya, Alaska. caption attribution description: Cropped version focusing on AN/FPS-17 in background. Original caption:Security policemen patrol the area around the Cobra Dane radar system operated by the 16th Surveillance Squadron. Location: SHEMYA AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA (AK) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA) (Older AN/FPS-17 radar antennas appear in the background) content: The AN/FPS-17 was a ground-based fixed-beam radar system that was installed at three locations worldwide, including Pirinçlik Air Base in south-eastern Turkey, Laredo, Texas and Shemya Island, Alaska.
This system was deployed to satisfy scientific and technical intelligence collection requirements during the Cold War. The first installation at Diyarbakir was originally intended to provide surveillance of the USSR's missile test range at Kapustin Yar south of Stalingrad - especially to detect missile launchings. The data it produced, however, exceeded surveillance requirements, permitting the derivation of missile trajectories, the identification of earth satellite launches, the calculation of a satellite's ephemeris, and the synthesis of booster rocket performance. The success achieved by this fixed-beam radar led to the co-location of a tracking radar, beginning in mid-1964. Together, these radars had the capability for estimating the configuration and dimensions of satellites or missiles and observing the reentry of manned or unmanned vehicles.
A second FPS-17 installation was made at Laredo, Texas, which was used primarily as a research and development site.


title: Domestic worker section title: In visual art hierarchical section title: Domestic worker / Cultural depictions / In visual art caption attribution description: Stylized drawing of a maid on a WPA poster. content: A domestic worker is a person who works within an employer's household. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Domestic helpers perform a variety of household services for an individual or a family, from providing care for children and elderly dependents to housekeeping, including cleaning and household maintenance. Other responsibilities may include cooking, laundry and ironing, shopping for food and other household errands. Such work has always needed to be done but before the Industrial Revolution and the advent of labour saving devices, it was physically much harder.
Some domestic helpers live within their employer's household. In some cases, the contribution and skill of servants whose work encompassed complex management tasks in large households have been highly valued. However, for the most part, domestic work tends to be demanding and is commonly considered to be undervalued, despite often being necessary. Although legislation protecting domestic workers is in place in many countries, it is often not extensively enforced.


title: Richard Denning section title: Career hierarchical section title: Richard Denning / Career caption reference description: With Pat Crowley caption attribution description: Photo of Richard Denning as Michael Shayne and guest star Patricia Crowley from the television program Michael Shayne. content: Richard Denning was an American actor best known for starring in science fiction films of the 1950s, including Unknown Island, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Target Earth, Day the World Ended, Creature with the Atom Brain, and The Black Scorpion. Denning also appeared in the film An Affair to Remember with Cary Grant and on radio with Lucille Ball in My Favorite Husband, the forerunner of television's I Love Lucy.


title: State of Venezuela hierarchical section title: State of Venezuela caption reference description: State of Venezuela in 1840 caption attribution description: English: Political map of the Republic of Venezuela in 1840. Lith. de Thierry freres a Paris. (Caracas 1840). Size: 57x40cm. Two lithographed maps. Full hand col. Relief shown by hachures. Restoration In the restoration, stains aging paper products retreated. Colors and errors in the map have been left as in the original respect for the author. caption alt text description: State of Venezuela in 1840 content: State of Venezuela was the official name of Venezuela adopted by the constitution of 1830, during the government of Jose Antonio Páez. The name was maintained until 1856 when in the constitution promulgated in that year it changes the official name of the country to Republic of Venezuela. In the Constitution of 1864, the United States of Venezuela was established.


title: Initiation section title: Religious and spiritual hierarchical section title: Initiation / Examples / Religious and spiritual caption reference description: Freemasonry initiation. 18th century caption attribution description: Deutsch: Initiation eines Suchenden in die Freimaurerei Français : Initiation d'un apprenti franc-maçon vers 1800. Cette gravure reprend la gravure de Gabanon sur le même sujet datée de 1745. Les costumes des participants sont modifiés à la mode anglaise du début du XIXème siècle et la gravure est en couleurs, alors que celle de 1745 ne l'était pas. English: Initiation of an apprentice Freemason around 1800. This engraving is based on that of Gabanon on the same subject dated 1745. The costumes of the participants are changed to the English fashion at the start of the 19th C and the engraving is coloured, but otherwise is that of 1745. content: Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense it can also signify a transformation in which the initiate is 'reborn' into a new role. Examples of initiation ceremonies might include Christian baptism or confirmation, Jewish bar or bat mitzvah, acceptance into a fraternal organization, secret society or religious order, or graduation from school or recruit training. A person taking the initiation ceremony in traditional rites, such as those depicted in these pictures, is called an initiate.


title: Dacian language section title: Substratum of Proto-Romanian hierarchical section title: Dacian language / Relationship with modern languages / Romanian / Substratum of Proto-Romanian caption reference description: The Jireček Line, an imaginary line through the ancient Balkans that divided the influences of the Latin (in the north) and Greek (in the south) languages until the 4th century. This line is important in establishing the Romanization area in Balkans caption attribution description: The Jirecek Line, which divides the kind of archaeological findings: to the north of the line most of the inscriptions are in Latin, to the south, they are in Greek. Aegyssos, Argamum, Histria, Tomis & Kallatis cities had greek and latin inscriptions until the VIIth cen. after JC. Jireček claimed that this line represents The division between the Greek and the Latin influence in the Balkans during the Roman Empire content: Dacian is an extinct language, generally believed to be Indo-European, that was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity.
In the 1st century, it was probably the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and possibly of some surrounding regions.
The language was probably extinct by the 7th century AD.
While there is general agreement among scholars that Dacian was an Indo-European language, there are divergent opinions about its place within the IE family:
Dacian was a dialect of the extinct Thracian language, or vice versa, e. g. Baldi and Trask.
Dacian was a language distinct from Thracian but closely related to it, belonging to the same branch of the Indo-European family.
Dacian, Thracian, the Baltic languages formed a distinct branch of Indo-European, e.g. Schall, Duridanov, Radulescu and Mayer.
The theory of Georgiev Daco-Moesian was the ancestor of Albanian, belonging to a branch other than Thracian, but closely related to Thracian and distinct from Illyrian.
The Dacian language is poorly documented. Unlike for Phrygian, which is documented by c. 200 inscriptions, only one Dacian inscription is believed to have survived.


title: EuroBasket Women 2017 section title: Qualification hierarchical section title: EuroBasket Women 2017 / Qualification caption reference description: Prague O2 Arena during the final ceremony caption attribution description: English: Final ceremony of EuroBasket Women 2017 in Prague O2 Arena Čeština: Závěrečný ceremoniál na Mistrovství Evropy v basketbalu žen 2017 v pražské O2 Aréně content: The 2017 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2017 was the 36th edition of the continental tournament in women's basketball, sanctioned by the FIBA Europe. The tournament was awarded to Czech Republic after winning the bid to Serbia. The tournament also serves as a qualification for the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup in Spain, with the top five nations qualifying. As hosts Spain finished in the top five, the sixth placed team also qualified.
The championship was reverted to a 16 teams championship, after the 20 teams that participated in 2015.
Spain defeated France 71–55 in the final to win their third title.
In total, 61 556 people visited this event.


title: Ábrahám Ganz section title: Ganz Works hierarchical section title: Ábrahám Ganz / Life / Ganz Works caption reference description: Hard cast wheel according to Ábrahám Ganz's own patent caption attribution description: English: Hard cast wheel patent of Ábrahám Ganz content: Ábrahám Ganz was a Swiss-born iron manufacturer, machine and technical engineer, entrepreneur, father of Ganz Works. He was the founder and the manager of the company that he made the flagship of the Hungarian economy in the 19th century. Despite his early death in 1867 the company remained one of the strongest manufacturing enterprise in Austria-Hungary. Many famous engineers worked at Ganz Works inter alia Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy, Miksa Déri, András Mechwart, Kálmán Kandó, Donát Bánki, János Csonka and Theodore von Kármán and several world-famous inventions were done there, like the first railway electric traction, or the invention of the roller mill, the carburetor, the transformer and the Bánki-Csonka engine.


title: Violin Sonata No. 3 (Enescu) hierarchical section title: Violin Sonata No. 3 (Enescu) caption reference description: Enescu in 1930 caption attribution description: English: Romanian composer George Enescu (1881-1955) at the piano. content: The Sonata No. 3 in A minor "dans le caractère populaire roumain", for violin and piano, Op. 25, is a chamber-music composition written in 1926 by the Romanian composer George Enescu. The score, published in 1933, is dedicated to the memory of the violinist Franz Kneisel. It is one of the composer's most popular and at the same time most critically respected works.


title: Culture of Albania section title: Architecture hierarchical section title: Culture of Albania / Arts / Architecture caption reference description: Butrint is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992.[49] caption attribution description: Butrint theatre at archeological site in Albania, near the Albanian city Saranda; Not an Amphitheatre! content: The Culture of Albania is a term that embodies the artistic, culinary, literary, musical, political and social elements that are representative of Albania and Albanians. Albanian culture has been considerably shaped by the geography and history of Albania. It grew from that of the Illyrians, with their pagan beliefs and specific way of life in the wooded areas of far Southern Europe. Albanian culture has also been influenced by the Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans.
Albanians can be culturally and linguistically separated into two groups such as the northern Ghegs and southern Tosks. The line of demarcation between both groups, based on dialect, is the Shkumbin River that crosses Albania from east to west. Outside of Albania, Gheg is mostly spoken by the Albanians of Kosovo, northwestern North Macedonia, Montenegro and Croatia. On the other hand, Tosk is spoken by the Albanians of Greece, southwestern North Macedonia and southern Italy. The diversity between Ghegs and Tosks can be substantial, both sides identify strongly with the common national and ethnic culture.
Albania is the name of the country attested in Medieval Latin.


title: Volkswagen Golf Mk4 section title: Extended production in China and South America hierarchical section title: Volkswagen Golf Mk4 / Extended production in China and South America caption attribution description: Volkswagen Bora HS, a facelifted Golf IV built for the Chinese market from 2006 until 2008 content: The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 is a compact car, the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. Launched in October 1997, it was the best selling car in Europe in 2001.
The Mk4 was a deliberate attempt to take the Volkswagen Golf series further upmarket, with a high-quality interior and higher equipment levels.
It was replaced in 2003 by the Volkswagen Golf Mk5 in European markets. However, manufacturing continued in South America, Mexico and China for developing markets until 2010.
The Mk4 was sold in Japan, but starting with this generation and subsequent generations, it was no longer complied with Japanese government dimension regulations which affected sales, imposing an annual tax on Japanese consumers for owning a vehicle that exceeded the maximum width limit.


title: Travie McCoy hierarchical section title: Travie McCoy caption reference description: McCoy at Warped Tour in 2008 caption attribution description: English: Travis McCoy of Gym Class Heroes performing at Warped Tour on June 20, 2008 caption alt text description: McCoy at Warped Tour in 2008 content: Travis Lazarus "Travie" McCoy is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is the co-founder and former lead vocalist of the rap rock band Gym Class Heroes, in addition to having a solo career. McCoy became involved with punk rock scenes as a teenager. He formed the band Gym Class Heroes with childhood friend Matt McGinley, and after several line-up changes, the group was signed to Fueled by Ramen which released their debut album.
Gym Class Heroes took a three-year hiatus from music, leaving McCoy to focus on his solo career; McCoy released his debut solo album, Lazarus, in 2010. The lead single from the album, "Billionaire" featuring Bruno Mars, peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the UK Singles Chart. McCoy is signed to T-Pain's label Nappy Boy Entertainment.


title: Alfa Romeo RL hierarchical section title: Alfa Romeo RL caption attribution description: Alfa Romeo RL content: The Alfa Romeo RL was produced between 1922–1927. It was Alfa's first sport model after World War I. The car was designed in 1921 by Giuseppe Merosi. It had a straight-6 engine with overhead valves. Three different versions were made: Normale, Turismo and Sport. RL total production was 2640.
The RLTF was the race version of RL - it weighed half of normal versions, the engine had seven main bearings instead of four and double carburetors.
In 1923 Alfa's race team had drivers like Ugo Sivocci, Antonio Ascari, Giulio Masetti and Enzo Ferrari.
Sivocci's car had green cloverleaf symbol on white background and when he won Targa Florio 1923, that symbol was to become the Alfa team's good luck token.
In 1927, 2 different RLSS were entered in the first Mille Miglia, but both dropped out after briefly leading the race. A 1925 RLSS version with rare, original bodywork by Thornton Engineering Company in Bradford, UK, is on permanent display in the Brooklands exhibit at the Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum in Philadelphia, PA, USA. It is one of only 9 RLSS still in existence.


title: List of conflicts in Senegal section title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: List of conflicts in Senegal / Medieval Times / Mali Empire caption reference description: Extent of the Mali Empire (circa 1,350 C.E.) content: 1,235 C.E. — 1,250 C.E. Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire
1,235 C.E. — 1,255 C.E. Tiramakhan's western campaign
Tiramakhan, also known as Tiramaghan, of the Traore clan, was ordered by Sonjata to bring an army west after the king of Jolof had allowed horses to be stolen from Mandekalu merchants. The king of Jolof also sent a message to the young emperor referring to him as an upstart. By the time Tiramakhan’s forces were done three kings were dead, and the Jolof ruler was reduced to a vassal. The new western portion of the empire settlement would become an outpost that encompassed not only northern Guinea-Bissau but the Gambia and the Casamance region of Senegal.


title: History of Valdosta State University section title: Foundation and Development hierarchical section title: History of Valdosta State University / Foundation and Development caption reference description: Senator William Stanley West, one of the founders of the college in Valdosta caption attribution description: English: W. S. West aka William Stanley West in 1914 [between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915] 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller. Notes: Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards. Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress). Format: Glass negatives. Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication. Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.15449 Call Number: LC-B2- 2988-12 content: Valdosta State University was established in 1906 in Valdosta, Georgia. South Georgia State Normal College began as a two-year teaching college in 1913 and was an all-female school until 1950 when the name was changed to Valdosta State College. VSC experienced rapid growth in the 1960s and 70s in student population and in construction on campus. In 1993 Valdosta State achieved university status and became the second regional university in the state of Georgia. Since its founding VSU has grown into a co-educational regional university with over 12,000 students.


title: Norwegian Americans section title: Organized immigration hierarchical section title: Norwegian Americans / History / Earlier history / Organized immigration caption reference description: Norwegian settlers in front of their sod house in North Dakota in 1898. caption attribution description: English: Hultstrand 61 from 1898 A Milton, North Dakota, photographer took this picture of John and Marget Bakken and their two children, Tilda and Eddie, in front of their sod house in Milton in 1898. John Bakken was the son of Norwegian immigrants, who homesteaded and built a sod house in Milton in 1896. This sod house was used as the basis for the design of the Homestead Act Commemorative Stamp in 1962. Since living persons cannot be represented on US stamps, the children were blocked out by a haystack. Ironically however, John Bakken was still alive at age 92 when the stamp was issued. This photograph was also used by Norway on its postage stamp in 1975, to commemorate the sesquicentennial of Norwegian emigration to America. The children were left in the picture for this stamp, rendering a more accurate image of the original photograph. Description from uncopyrighted webpage http://www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndirs/exhibitions/pioneer/camera/sod.htm content: Norwegian Americans are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the most recent U.S. census, most live in the Upper Midwest. Norwegian Americans are currently the 10th-largest European ancestry group in the United States. In a U.S. context Norwegian Americans often refer to themselves as Norwegian; however in Norway they are primarily seen as Americans with only distant ancestral ties to Norway. There are significant cultural differences between Norwegians and Norwegian Americans; for example Norwegians are highly secular, while Norwegian Americans are often religious.


title: Nishtar Hospital hierarchical section title: Nishtar Hospital caption reference description: Nishtar Hospital caption attribution description: English: Nishtar Hospital Multan content: Nishtar Hospital is a teaching hospital of Nishtar Medical University, located in Multan, Pakistan. It is a tertiary care hospital, serving a large population of South Punjab, adjoining areas of Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces.


title: Siege of Fort Erie section title: Evacuation hierarchical section title: Siege of Fort Erie / Evacuation caption reference description: Although the Americans successfully defended Fort Erie, the launch of the first-rate ship of the line HMS St Lawrence in Lake Ontario prompted the Major General George Izard to abandon it in November 1814. caption attribution description: HMS St Lawrence content: The Siege of Fort Erie was one of the last and most protracted engagements between British and American forces during the Niagara campaign of the American War of 1812. From 4 August to 21 September 1814, the Americans successfully defended Fort Erie against a British army. During the siege, the British suffered heavy casualties in a failed storming attempt and also suffered from sickness and exposure in their rough encampments. Unaware that the British were about to abandon the siege, the American garrison later launched a sortie to destroy the British siege batteries, during which both sides again suffered heavy losses.
After the British abandoned the siege, the reinforced American army followed up cautiously and forced a second retreat at Cook's Mills, but with the onset of winter and shortage of supplies, they later withdrew and demolished Fort Erie. The attempted siege ended one of the last British offensives along the northern border.


title: Jhankaar Beats hierarchical section title: Jhankaar Beats caption reference description: Film poster caption attribution description: English: The official poster of PNC produced Jhankaar Beats. The poster was designed by PNC's inhouse design team led by now Creative Director, Rangita Pritish Nandy content: Jhankaar Beats is a 2003 Indian musical comedy film directed by Sujoy Ghosh and released by Pritish Nandy Communications. It stars Juhi Chawla, Sanjay Suri, Rahul Bose, debutant Shayan Munshi, Rinke Khanna and Riya Sen. The soundtrack of the film features the popular songs "Tu Aashiqui Hai", And "Suno Na" sung by playback singer KK, Shaan, and written by Vishal Dadlani.


title: Mount Hope (Victoria) hierarchical section title: Mount Hope (Victoria) caption reference description: Rock formations at Mount Hope caption attribution description: English: Rock formations at Mount Hope, Victoria, Australia. content: Mount Hope is a granite outcrop located to the north of Pyramid Hill in northern Victoria, Australia. The outcrop lies within the 126 hectare Mount Hope Nature Conservation Reserve which is managed by Parks Victoria.
The reserve has limited facilities, including picnic tables and an unsealed parking area at the foot of the outcrop which is accessed from the unsealed Old Leitchville Road. Activities include rock climbing and bird observing.
Communications facilities for Ambulance Victoria, Goulburn Murray Water and the Department of Sustainability and Environment are located near the mountain summit.


title: Mexican Army section title: Mexican Revolution 1910–1920 hierarchical section title: Mexican Army / History / Mexican Revolution 1910–1920 caption reference description: General Victoriano Huerta, who overthrew civilian President Francisco I. Madero in 1913 caption attribution description: Larger picture. Photograph of en:Victoriano Huerta (1850-1916), Mexican dictator (1913-1914). content: The Mexican Army is the combined land and air branch and is the largest of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army.
It was the first army to adopt and use a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle. The Mexican Army has an active duty force of 183,562 with 76,000 men and women of military service age.


title: Erumbeeswarar Temple section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Erumbeeswarar Temple / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Malaikovil Full View content: Erumbeeswarar Temple in Thiruverumbur, Tamil Nadu, India, is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva. Built on a 60-foot tall hill, it is accessible via a flight of steps. The temple's main shrines and its two prakarams are on top of the hill, while a hall and the temple tank are located at the foothills. Shiva is believed to have transformed himself into an ant hill and tilted his head at this place to enable ants to climb up and worship him. Erumbeeswarar is revered in the canonical 7th-century Tamil Saiva work the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as nayanmars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.
The temple is one in a series built by Aditya Chola along the banks of river Cauvery, to commemorate his victory in the Tirupurambiyam Battle. It has several inscriptions from the Chola Empire dating back to the 10th century. The temple has been declared a protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India and is locally referred as "Kailash of South India". The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 5:30 am to 8:00 pm, and three yearly festivals in its calendar. The annual Brahmotsavam is attended by thousands of devotees from far and near.


title: High-occupancy vehicle lane section title: High-occupancy toll lane hierarchical section title: High-occupancy vehicle lane / Variants / High-occupancy toll lane caption reference description: FasTrak RFID station in Orange County, California caption attribution description: English: FasTrak RFID station in Orange County. Uploaded by the photographer. content: A high-occupancy vehicle lane is a restricted traffic lane reserved for the exclusive use of vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers, including carpools, vanpools, and transit buses. These restrictions may be only imposed during peak travel times or may apply at all times. According to the criteria used there are different types of lanes: temporary or permanent with concrete barriers; two-directional or reversible; and exclusive, concurrent or contraflow lanes working in peak periods. The normal minimum occupancy level is 2 or 3 occupants. Many jurisdictions exempt other vehicles, including motorcycles, charter buses, emergency and law enforcement vehicles, low-emission and other green vehicles, and/or single-occupancy vehicles paying a toll. HOV lanes are normally created to increase average vehicle occupancy and persons traveling with the goal of reducing traffic congestion and air pollution, although their effectiveness is questionable.
Regional and corporate-sponsored vanpools, carpools, and rideshare communities give commuters a way to increase occupancy. For places without such services, online rideshare communities can serve a similar purpose.


title: Dobříš hierarchical section title: Dobříš caption attribution description: cs:Soubor:Dobris-znak.png caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Dobříš content: Dobříš is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic with about 9,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest town in Příbram District, located 40 km south of Prague. It is a part of the Prague metropolitan area.


title: Surigao Airport hierarchical section title: Surigao Airport caption attribution description: English: Surigao Airport, Mindanao, Philippines Italiano: Aeroporto di Surigao, Mindanao, Filippine content: Surigao Airport is an airport serving the general area of Surigao City, located in the province of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. The airport is classified as a Class 2 principal airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports.


title: Charente-Maritime section title: Tourism hierarchical section title: Charente-Maritime / Tourism caption attribution description: Le chatau Oléron content: Charente-Maritime is a department on the southwestern coast of France named after the Charente River.


title: Ariadne auf Naxos (Benda) section title: Performance history hierarchical section title: Ariadne auf Naxos (Benda) / Performance history caption reference description: Bacchus and Ariadne by Titian: Dionysus discovers Ariadne on the shore of Naxos. The painting also depicts the constellation named after Ariadne. caption attribution description: English: Theseus, whose ship is shown in the distance, has just left Ariadne on Naxos, when Bacchus arrives, jumping from his chariot, drawn by two cheetahs falling immediately in love with Ariadne. Bacchus raised her to heaven. Her constellation is shown in the sky. content: Ariadne auf Naxos is a duodrama in one act by Czech composer Jiří Antonín Benda with a German libretto by Johann Christian Brandes. It was commissioned by Abel Seyler, whose theatrical company arrived in Gotha in 1774. The opera's first performance was at the Schloss Friedenstein, Gotha, on 27 January 1775.


title: Boris Karvasarsky hierarchical section title: Boris Karvasarsky caption attribution description: English: Soviet Order of the Badge of Honor Русский: Орден «Знак Почёта» (СССР) caption alt text description: Order of the Badge of Honour content: Boris Dmitrievich Karvasarsky was a Russian psychiatrist, a disciple of V. N. Myasishchev.


title: Aliona Bolsova hierarchical section title: Aliona Bolsova caption reference description: Bolsova at the 2019 French Open caption attribution description: Français : Aliona Bolsova lors de son premier tour des qualifications. content: Aliona Bolsova Zadoinov is a Spanish-Moldovan tennis player. She represented Moldova from 2012 to 2013, until she gained Spanish citizenship in 2013.
Bolsova moved from Moldova to Spain at a young age. Her father, Vadim Zadoinov, and her mother, Olga Bolșova, were both Olympic athletes. Her grandfather is athlete Viktor Bolshov.
Bolsova has career-high WTA rankings of 90 in singles, achieved on 13 August 2018, and 347 in doubles, achieved on 21 September 2015. She has won six singles titles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
On the junior circuit, Bolsova had a career-high ranking of 4, and reached the quarterfinals of the 2015 Australian Open.
Bolsova also played for Oklahoma State University's tennis team as a freshman in the 2016-17 season in NCAA play. There, her record was 31–7 in singles and 25–7 in doubles. Her tenure included helping OSU's team reach the final of the 2017 Big 12 Conference championship and the quarterfinals of the 2017 NCAA tournament.
In 2018, Bolsova played for Florida Atlantic University, going undefeated in singles play with a record of 19–0. In doubles, she went 15–3. Bolsova turned pro following the 2018 Conference USA Championship.


title: Nisei Week section title: Nisei Week Grand Parade hierarchical section title: Nisei Week / Festivities / Nisei Week Grand Parade caption reference description: LA Nebuta, the final float at the 2007 Nisei Week parade[14] caption attribution description: English: "LA Nebuta", Amori's Nebuta parade float at Nisei Week, being dismantled after the parade. content: Nisei Week is an annual festival celebrating Japanese American culture and history in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles. Nisei means 2nd generation in Japanese, describing the first American born Japanese, a group which the seven-day festival was originally meant to attract. Though named for the Nisei generation, Nisei Week is no longer targeted at Niseis, nor is the festival still contained within a week. Nisei Week Foundation president for 2006, Michelle Suzuki, described the festival as "the opportunity for people of all backgrounds to celebrate Japanese heritage and culture".
Festivities are held over one month, though the main attractions are held during the primary two weekends of the festival in mid-August. Nisei Week draws tens of thousands of participants each year from both the Japanese community and Southern California area, mostly to its Grand Parade and specialized festivals. The 74th Annual Nisei Week Festival started August 9 and the Grand Parade took place on August 10, 2014. The festival is scheduled to conclude on August 17, 2014. The 6th Annual Tanabata Festival was also held in Little Tokyo from August 8 to August 11, 2014.


title: Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Septemvri narrow gauge railway station, Bulgaria. Български: Гара Септември, обслужваща теснопътната железопътна линия Септември - Добринище. content: The Septemvri–Dobrinishte narrow-gauge line is the only operating 760 mm narrow-gauge line in Bulgaria. It is operated by Bulgarian State Railways. The line is actively used with four passenger trains running the length of the line in each direction per day. The journey takes five hours through the valleys and gorges between Rila and Rhodopes.
The route leads from Septemvri on the mainline Sofia–Plovdiv to Dobrinishte, passing Velingrad, Yakoruda, Razlog and Bansko, linking the western part of the Upper Thracian Plain with the Western Rhodopes, Rila and Pirin mountains. Due to the characteristics of the route through the mountains, the narrow-gauge line Septemvri–Dobrinishte is also known as the Alpine railway in the Balkans. Avramovo station, situated at 1267 meters above the sea, is the highest station in the Balkans.
The railway was built in several stages between 1921 and 1945 with total length of 125 km. The Varvara–Pazardzhik branch line, which was closed in 2002, was 16.6 km long.


title: Grumman F7F Tigercat section title: Surviving aircraft hierarchical section title: Grumman F7F Tigercat / Surviving aircraft caption reference description: La Patrona in the pits at the 2014 Reno Air Races caption attribution description: English: F7F Tigercat N747MX La Patrona 2014 Reno Air Races pit photo D Ramey Logan content: The Grumman F7F Tigercat is a heavy fighter aircraft that served with the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps from late in World War II until 1954. It was the first twin-engine fighter to be deployed by the USN. While the Tigercat was delivered too late to see combat in World War II, it saw action as a night fighter and attack aircraft during the Korean War.
Designed initially for service on Midway-class aircraft carriers, early production F7Fs were land-based variants. The type was too large to operate from older and smaller carriers, and only a late variant was certified for carrier service.


title: Bowled hierarchical section title: Bowled caption reference description: A batsman is dismissed by being bowled caption attribution description: English: A batsman is bowled early in a cricket match between two friendly sides at Kingswood School playing fields, Bath. content: In cricket, the term bowled has several meanings. First, is the act of propelling the ball towards the wicket defended by a batsman.
Second, it is a method of dismissing a batsman, by hitting the wicket with a ball delivered by the bowler.
Third, it is used in scoring to indicate which bowler is credited with dismissing a batsman, when the batsman is dismissed by being bowled, leg before wicket, caught, stumped, or hit wicket.


title: Lola Baldwin hierarchical section title: Lola Baldwin caption reference description: Lola Baldwin in 1915 caption attribution description: English: Lola Greene Baldwin, first woman police officer in the United States content: Aurora "Lola" Greene Baldwin was an American woman who became one of the first policewomen in the United States. In 1908, she was sworn in by the City of Portland as Superintendent of the Women's Auxiliary to the Police Department for the Protection of Girls, with the rank of detective.
Baldwin grew up in Rochester, New York, and taught in nearby public schools. She relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, where she taught, then married. She, her husband, and their two sons later lived in several U.S. cities, where Baldwin engaged in volunteer social work related to unwed mothers and other young women in trouble. In 1904, when Baldwin was 44, the family moved to Portland, where her husband continued his dry goods career.
Women's groups such as the Travelers Aid Society, concerned that the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, scheduled for 1905 in Portland, posed a danger to single women working at the fair, hired Baldwin to supervise a project to protect girls and women. Success at the fair led to similar work thereafter, and eventually to her hiring in 1908 as a police officer. Throughout her policing career, Baldwin stressed crime prevention and favored reform over incarceration.


title: College Historical Society section title: Governance of the society hierarchical section title: College Historical Society / Governance of the society caption reference description: Logo of 238th Session of the College Historical Society (2007–2008) caption attribution description: English: Logo of the 238th Session of the College Historical Society, based on the template logo used by the Society in recent years. content: The College Historical Society – popularly referred to as The Hist – is one of the two debating societies at Trinity College Dublin. It was established within the college in 1770 and was inspired by the club formed by the philosopher Edmund Burke during his own time in Trinity in 1747. It is the oldest surviving undergraduate student society in the world.
The society occupies rooms in the Graduates' Memorial Building at Trinity College. Prominent members have included many Irish men and women of note, from the republican revolutionary Theobald Wolfe Tone and the author Bram Stoker, to founding father of the Northern Irish state Edward Carson and first President of Ireland Douglas Hyde, and – in more recent times – Government Ministers Mary Harney and Brian Lenihan.


title: Kittanning (village) hierarchical section title: Kittanning (village) caption reference description: Kittanning (top right) and other Native American villages and points of interest, most circa 1750s caption attribution description: English: Native American towns and other points of interest regarding Native Americans, upper Ohio valley, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Includes Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Sawcunk, Logstown, Indian Mound, The Point, Shannopin's Town, Chartier's Town and Kittanning. Also shows Youghiogheny River, Allegheny River, Beaver River and Ohio River. content: Kittanning was an 18th-century Native American village in the Ohio Country, located on the Allegheny River at present-day Kittanning, Pennsylvania. The village was at the western terminus of the Kittanning Path, an Indian trail that provided a route across the Alleghenies between the Ohio and Susquehanna river basins. The village, inhabited by Delaware and Shawnee Indians, was most likely the largest such village on the western side of the Alleghenies at the time, having an estimated 300–400 residents in 1756. Kittanning was settled in 1724 by Indians who had migrated from eastern Pennsylvania as white settlement rapidly expanded.
The name Kithanink means 'on the main river' in the Lenape language, from kit- 'big' + hane 'mountain river' + -ink. "The main river" is a Lenape epithet for the Allegheny and Ohio, considered as all one river.
During the French and Indian War, Kittanning was used as a staging point for raids by Delaware and Shawnee warriors against British colonists at Fort Granville in the Juniata River valley in central Pennsylvania.


title: Dost Mohammad Khan hierarchical section title: Dost Mohammad Khan caption attribution description: English: Dost Mohammad Khan, of Caubal, Emir of Afghanistan. content: Dost Mohammad Khan was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War. With the decline of the Durrani dynasty, he became Emir of Afghanistan from 1823 to 1839 and then from 1843 to 1863. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the 11th son of Sardar Payendah Khan who was killed in 1799 by Zaman Shah Durrani. At the start of his rule in March 1823, the Afghans lost their former stronghold of Peshawar Valley to the Sikh Khalsa Army of Ranjit Singh at the Battle of Nowshera. The Afghan forces in the battle were supported by Azim Khan, half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan.
The Musahiban family started with his older brother, Sultan Mohammad Khan, nicknamed "Telai", meaning "golden", a nickname he was given because of his love of fine clothing.


title: Robert Crowe section title: Major sporting and career achievements hierarchical section title: Robert Crowe / Major sporting and career achievements caption reference description: Ridewiser business director Rob Crowe won the St Kilda Cycling Club Criterium Championships in Port Melbourne, 2009 caption attribution description: English: Ridewiser colors and sponsorship of business director Rob Crowe on the way to winning StKilda CyclingClub Criterium Championships in Port Melbourne, 2009 content: Robert Colville Crowe, OAM is an Australian Champion Cyclist who competed in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and as Kieran Modra's pilot in the 2004 Athens Paralympics. He also directs the popular indoor cycling engine-training school at Ridewiser in Melbourne, Australia.


title: Moel Famau hierarchical section title: Moel Famau caption attribution description: Relief map of Wales, UK. Equirectangular map projection on WGS 84 datum, with N/S stretched 170% West: 5.5W East: 2.5W North: 53.5N South: 51.3N caption alt text description: Moel Famau is located in Wales content: Moel Famau is the highest hill within the Clwydian Range and the highest point of the county of Flintshire in Wales. The hill lies on the boundary between Denbighshire and Flintshire. The hill, which also gives its name to the Moel Famau country park, has been classed as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty since 1985. It is also surrounded by several well-preserved Iron Age hill forts. It is not as many people think the highest peak in North-East Wales; this honour goes to Cadair Berwyn. It is also the third-highest peak in the extended AONB of The Clwydian Range and Dee Valley.
A northern part of the Offa's Dyke footpath, one of the UK's most popular National Trails, crosses the summit of Moel Famau and the Jubilee Tower. Loggerheads Country Park is nearby.


title: Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya section title: Departments of study hierarchical section title: Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya / Departments of study caption reference description: Administrative Building caption attribution description: English: My own work. As Pera efac appeared in 2004 content: The Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya is one of the eight academic faculties at the university. It is the oldest engineering faculty in Sri Lanka. It offers full-time Undergraduate Courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering, and several other postgraduate degrees.


title: South African Class 7E3, Series 2 hierarchical section title: South African Class 7E3, Series 2 caption reference description: No. E7296 at Richards Bay, 14 August 2007 caption attribution description: English: SAR Class 7E3 Series 2 E7296 Location: Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal content: The South African Railways Class 7E3, Series 2 of 1984 is an electric locomotive.
Between 1984 and 1985, the South African Railways placed twenty-five Class 7E3, Series 2 electric locomotives with a Co-Co wheel arrangement in mainline service. In c. 2001, one of these dual cab locomotives was rebuilt to a single cab locomotive and reclassified to Class 7E4.


title: Louis Armstrong section title: The Hot Five hierarchical section title: Louis Armstrong / Career / The Hot Five caption reference description: "Heebie Jeebies" by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five caption attribution description: English: OKeh record label for the artist Louis Armstrong. content: Louis Daniel Armstrong, nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops", was an American trumpeter, composer, vocalist, and actor who was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in the history of jazz. In 2017, he was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.
Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans. Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an inventive trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. Around 1922, he followed his mentor, Joe "King" Oliver, to Chicago to play in the Creole Jazz Band. In Chicago, he spent time with other popular jazz musicians, reconnecting with his friend Bix Beiderbecke and spending time with Hoagy Carmichael and Lil Hardin. He earned a reputation at "cutting contests", and relocated to New York in order to join Fletcher Henderson's band.
With his instantly recognizable rich, gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer and skillful improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song. He was also skilled at scat singing.


title: Nogat hierarchical section title: Nogat caption attribution description: English: Picture taken in Malborg after Wikimania 2010 conference. Nogat river and Malbork Castle in the afternoon. Deutsch: In Malborg nach der Wikimania 2010 aufgenommenes Foto. Fluss Nogat und Marienburg im Abendlicht. content: The Nogat is a 62 km long delta branch of the Vistula River. Unlike the main river, it does not empty into Gdańsk Bay but rather into the Vistula Lagoon.
The Nogat has its origin near the city of Biała Góra as a distributary of the Vistula River. Shortly after the river Liwa flows into the Nogat. Then the river passes Malbork and winds NE towards Elbląg. NW of Elbląg the Nogat flows into the SW part of the Vistula Lagoon.
During the interwar period, the Nogat formed the German boundary with the Free State of Danzig.


title: Czechoslovakia section title: Formation hierarchical section title: Czechoslovakia / History / First Czechoslovak Republic / Formation caption reference description: Czechoslovakia in 1928 caption attribution description: English: Map of Czechoslovakia in 1928-1938. Note: The provinces shown on the map were introduced by Act No. 125/1927 Zb. and became effective in 1928.Deutsch: Karte der Tschechoslowakei zwischen 1928 und 1938. content: Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia, was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
From 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate.
From 1948 to 1990, Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy. Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955. A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries, invaded Czechoslovakia. In 1989, as Marxist–Leninist governments and communism were ending all over Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation.
In 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.


title: David Spielman section title: Photography career hierarchical section title: David Spielman / Photography career caption reference description: Southern Writers caption attribution description: Southern Writers content: David G. Spielman is an American freelance photographer.


title: List of UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart number ones of 2011 section title: Chart history hierarchical section title: List of UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart number ones of 2011 / Chart history caption reference description: Nickelback's seventh studio album Here and Now spent the last five weeks of the year at number one. caption attribution description: English: Nickelback in Brisbane November 2012 Here And Now Tour content: The UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart is a record chart which ranks the best-selling rock and heavy metal albums in the United Kingdom. Compiled and published by the Official Charts Company, the data is based on each album's weekly physical sales, digital downloads and streams. In 2011, there were 25 albums that topped the 52 published charts. The first number-one album of the year was the Led Zeppelin compilation Mothership, which was released in 2007. The first new number-one album of the year was The Wörld Is Yours, the twentieth studio album by Motörhead. The final number-one album of the year was Here and Now, the seventh studio album by Canadian band Nickelback, which reached number one for the week ending 3 December and remained there for five consecutive weeks until the end of the year.
The most successful album on the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart in 2011 was Wasting Light, the seventh studio album by American alternative rock band Foo Fighters, which spent a total of 13 weeks at number one. This included a single run of seven consecutive weeks from 23 April to 4 June and another four-week stint between 16 July and 6 August.


title: Constitution of Virginia section title: Historic constitutions hierarchical section title: Constitution of Virginia / Historic constitutions caption reference description: George Mason, one of the principal architects of the 1776 Virginia Constitution caption attribution description: Portrait of George Mason (1725-1792), American patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the "Father of the Bill of Rights". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the "Founding Fathers" of the United States. content: The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the document that defines and limits the powers of the state government and the basic rights of the citizens of the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. Like all other state constitutions, it is supreme over Virginia's laws and acts of government, though it may be superseded by the United States Constitution and U.S. federal law as per the Supremacy Clause.
The original Virginia Constitution of 1776 was enacted at the time of the Declaration of Independence by the first thirteen states of the United States of America. Virginia was an early state to adopt its own Constitution on June 29, 1776, and the document was widely influential both in the United States and abroad. In addition to frequent amendments, there have been six major subsequent revisions of the constitution. These new constitutions have been part of, and in reaction to, periods of major regional or social upheaval in Virginia. For instance, the 1902 constitution included provisions to disfranchise African Americans, who in 1900 made up nearly 36% of the state's population. They did not regain suffrage until after passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s.


title: Container deposit legislation in Australia section title: New South Wales hierarchical section title: Container deposit legislation in Australia / CDL by state / New South Wales caption reference description: Reverse vending machine, December 2017. caption attribution description: English: Reverse vending machine for the NSW Container Deposit Scheme at the Kooringal Mall. content: Container deposit legislation also known as a Container Deposit Scheme is a scheme that was first implemented in South Australia in 1977 and over the decades has spread to the Northern Territory in 2012, New South Wales in 2017, the Australian Capital Territory in June 2018 and Queensland in November 2018. Schemes in the remaining states are due to commence in Western Australia in June 2020, Tasmania in 2022 and Victoria in 2023.
A Newspoll survey found a majority of people in Australia support a deposit scheme, and a national scheme has also been proposed many times over the years. The recent NSW scheme was strongly opposed by the beverage industry and highlighted their influence.
The value of deposits and the scope of their application have been influenced by the Australian federal constitution's guarantee of free trade between the states. The defining case in this issue was the attempt to introduce a differential between reusable and recyclable bottle deposits. The issue was taken to the High Court of Australia in the Castlemaine Tooheys Ltd v South Australia court case.


title: Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan District hierarchical section title: Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan District caption reference description: Monument marking the narrowest point in Thailand, Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan District caption attribution description: English: Monument marking the narrowest area of Thailand. Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan District. content: Mueang Prachuap Khiri Khan is the capital district of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, central Thailand.


title: South East England section title: Geography hierarchical section title: South East England / Geography caption reference description: Uffington White Horse on the Berkshire Downs caption attribution description: English: Sattelite view of the Uffington White Horse content: South East England is one of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.
It is the third largest region of England, with an area of 19,096 km², and is also the most populous with a total population of over eight and a half million. The headquarters of the region's governmental bodies are in Guildford, and the region contains seven chartered cities: Brighton and Hove, Canterbury, Chichester, Oxford, Portsmouth, Southampton and Winchester, though other major settlements include Reading, Medway, Milton Keynes and Slough. Its proximity to London and connections to several national motorways have led to South East England becoming an economic hub, with the largest economy in the country outside the capital. It is the location of Gatwick Airport, the UK's second-busiest airport, and its coastline along the English Channel provides numerous ferry crossings to mainland Europe.


title: List of buses section title: # hierarchical section title: List of buses / Table / # caption attribution description: English: LAZ-695 - a soviet-made autobus, built in Lviv, Ukranian SSR. content: Year refers to the first year introduced. A range of years is the period the bus was manufactured.


title: Salim Ali Lake hierarchical section title: Salim Ali Lake caption reference description: Salim lake view caption attribution description: English: Salim Ali Lake, Aurangabad caption alt text description: Salim Ali Lake content: Salim Ali Lake is located near Delhi Gate, one of the many Gates in Aurangabad, opposite Himayat Bagh, Aurangabad. It is located in the northern part of the city. During the Mughal period, it was known as Khiziri Talab. It has been renamed after the great ornithologist, naturalist Salim Ali and also known as birdman of India.
The office of Divisional Commissioner Aurangabad division is located near it, so is the collector's office of Aurangabad District.