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title: Shaanxi section title: Education hierarchical section title: Shaanxi / Education caption reference description: Shaanxi Science and Technology Museum caption attribution description: English: Shaanxi Science and Technology Museum content: Shaanxi is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level divisions of Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia.
Shaanxi covers an area of over 205,000 km² with about 37 million people, the 16th highest in China. Xi'an – which includes the sites of the former Chinese capitals Fenghao and Chang'an – is the provincial capital as well as the largest city in Northwest China and also one of the oldest cities in China and the oldest of the Four Great Ancient Capitals, being the capital for the Western Zhou, Western Han, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties. Xianyang, which served as the Qin dynasty capital, is just north across Wei River. The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an and Yulin.
Shaanxi is geographically divided into three parts, namely Northern, Central and Southern Shaanxi.


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title: Englisberg hierarchical section title: Englisberg caption reference description: coat of arms caption attribution description: Deutsch: Dorfwappen Englisberg English: village coa of Englisberg content: Englisberg was amunicipality in Seftigen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.
On 1 January 2004 Englisberg and Zimmerwald joined together to become the new municipality, Wald.

title: Englisberg hierarchical section title: Englisberg caption reference description: coat of arms of the village of Englisberg caption attribution description: Deutsch: Dorfwappen Englisberg English: village coa of Englisberg content: Englisberg is a village in the district of Seftigen in Canton Bern, Switzerland. On January 1, 2004, the independent municipality merged with Zimmerwald to form the new municipality of Wald BE. Situated on the Längenberg, above the valley of the Aare river, it combines the villages of Englisberg and Kühlewil. Englisberg is first documented in 1166 [Endlisperc]. It is believed that Englisberg was created out of the much older village of Kühlewil [Cullenwil, Cullenwilare - originally of Celtic origin] the latter of which having since attained the status of a hamlet of the former. In the 14th century a castle is documented in Englisberg, owned by the family of the same name. It was abandoned by the following 15th century and quickly fell into disrepair and disintegration. The feudal rights over Englisberg were acquired by the von Erlach family of Bern in 1433 and passed in 1542 to the Baumgartner family of the same place. After 1570, these feudal rights were sold to local farming families Guggisberg and Zimmermann which over the course of several generations were split into 70 shares.


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title: Flag of Khabarovsk Krai hierarchical section title: Flag of Khabarovsk Krai caption reference description: Flag of Khabarovsk Krai content: The flag of Khabarovsk Krai, in the Russian Federation, is a horizontal white and blue bicolour charged with a green triangle at the hoist side in a similar fashion to the flag of the Czech Republic, albeit with different colors. It was adopted on July 14, 1994. The proportions are 2:3.


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title: Kyushu Railway History Museum Station section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Kyushu Railway History Museum Station / Gallery caption attribution description: 日本語: 九州鉄道記念館駅のホーム caption alt text description: Station platform content: Kyushu Railway History Museum Station is a train station in Moji ward of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Mojikō Retro Scenic Line, a heritage railway operated by the Heisei Chikuhō Railway.


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title: MnPASS section title: I-394/U.S. Highway 12 hierarchical section title: MnPASS / I-394/U.S. Highway 12 caption reference description: Interstate 394 heading eastbound toward downtown Minneapolis.  Notice the MnPass toll lane to the left caption attribution description: English: Interstate 394 in Minnesota, with a MnPASS toll lane at left content: MnPASS is the brand name associated with a series of high occupancy toll lanes in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area of Minnesota and is also associated with the electronic toll collection system used for those HO/T lanes. The lanes and the ETC system are owned by the Minnesota Department of Transportation.
Solo drivers who are registered under the MnPASS program and have a toll transponder are allowed to pay a toll to use the lanes during operating hours. Vehicles with two or more occupants, buses, and motorcycles may use the lanes for free without requiring a toll transponder.

title: Interstate 394 section title: MnPASS toll lanes hierarchical section title: Interstate 394 / Route description / MnPASS toll lanes caption reference description: Interstate 394 heading eastbound toward downtown Minneapolis.  Notice the MnPass toll lane to the left caption attribution description: English: Interstate 394 in Minnesota, with a MnPASS toll lane at left content: Interstate 394 is an east–west Interstate Highway spur route in Hennepin County in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It runs for 9.8 miles from its eastern terminus in downtown Minneapolis to its western terminus at its junction with Interstate 494 in the Minneapolis suburb of Minnetonka. At its western terminus, the roadway loses its interstate designation but continues as U.S. Highway 12. I-394 serves as the most direct link for commuters and other drivers who are traveling between downtown Minneapolis and parts of the western Minneapolis – Saint Paul metropolitan area.
I-394 maintains at least three lanes in each direction except under the State Highway 100 interchange and also between Interstate 94/US Highway 52 and its eastern terminus downtown.


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title: Sahg hierarchical section title: Sahg caption reference description: Sahg performing live at Wacken Open Air, Germany, 2007. caption attribution description: Sahg en live au Wacken Open Air 2007 en Allemagne. content: Sahg is a four-piece Norwegian hard rock/ doom metal band formed in Bergen in the summer of 2004, by key figures in the metal scene of their country: Tom Cato Visnes, Einar Selvik, Olav Iversen and Thomas Tofthagen. Iversen has been the main songwriter and the only constant member of the band since its inception.
Sahg features members of Audrey Horne and Manngard.


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title: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory section title: Facilitating Alaska North Slope oil development hierarchical section title: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory / History / 1961-1986 / Facilitating Alaska North Slope oil development caption reference description: Trans-Alaska pipeline, supported by heat pipes traversing discontinuous permafrost in Alaska caption attribution description: English: View of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline between Fort Greeley, Alaska and Black Rapids, a region with discontinuous permafrost. The pipeline is suspended on thermosyphon piles that transport coolant via natural convection into the ground during winter to maintain frozen soil around the piling. In the summer, the convection of the coolant fluid stops. content: The Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory is a United States Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center research facility headquartered in Hanover, New Hampshire, that provides scientific and engineering support to the U.S. government and its military with a core emphasis on cold environments. CRREL also provides technical support to non-government customers.
CRREL arose from a consolidation of three antecedent organizations whose purpose was to understand frozen ground, permafrost, snow and ice as factors which were important in strategic northern areas during the Cold War. In its first 25 years CRREL researchers contributed to the understanding of polar ice caps, permafrost, and the engineering technology for developing natural resources in cold climates, such as Alaska. More recently, CRREL researchers have made contributions to science in climate change, the understanding of wave propagation for sensor systems, the control of snow on structures and ice in navigable waterways, and the environmental remediation of military installations.


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title: Emilio Aguinaldo section title: See also hierarchical section title: Emilio Aguinaldo / See also caption reference description: Emilio Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives. content: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy QSC CCLH was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution, then in the Spanish–American War, and finally against the United States during the Philippine–American War.
In 1935, Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president of the Philippine Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon. He was also one of the Filipino historical figures to be recommended as a national hero of the Philippines.

title: Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899) section title: Members (Representatives) hierarchical section title: Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899) / The Malolos Revolutionary Congress / Members (Representatives) caption reference description: Emilio Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first Assembly of Representatives. content: The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines was an insurgent government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only President. The government succeeded a dictatorial government which had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18, and which was dissolve and replaced by this government upon its establishment. This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government which replaced it.
Four governmental departments were initially created, each having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine and commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry.

title: Malolos Constitution hierarchical section title: Malolos Constitution caption reference description: General Aguinaldo (seated, center) and ten of the delegates to the first assembly that passed the constitution, in Barasoain Church, Malolos
(Taken December 8, 1929) content: The Political Constitution of 1899, informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was promulgated on 21 January 1899.
The constitution placed limitations on unsupervised freedom of action by the chief executive which would have hampered rapid decision making. As it was created during the fight for Philippine independence from Spain, however, its Article 99 allowed unhampered executive freedom of action during wartime. Unsupervised executive governance continued throughout the Philippine–American War which erupted soon after proclamation.


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title: Cushing, Nebraska hierarchical section title: Cushing, Nebraska caption reference description: Location of Cushing, Nebraska content: Cushing is a village in Howard County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 32 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Grand Island, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area.


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title: Dakshin Durgapur railway station hierarchical section title: Dakshin Durgapur railway station caption reference description: Station platform caption attribution description: English: Baruipur to Diamond Harbour Railway content: Dakshin Durgapur railway station is Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Sealdah–Diamond Harbour line of Sealdah railway division. It is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. Dakshin Durgapur railway station is situated at Gazipur, Dakshin Durgapur, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal.


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title: Third Avenue Railway hierarchical section title: Third Avenue Railway caption reference description: Third Avenue car operated at the Seashore Trolley Museum, Kennebunkport, Maine. caption attribution description: English: Car 631 of the Third Avenue Railway System, of New York, operating at the Seashore Trolley Museum, in Kennebunkport, Maine content: The Third Avenue Railway System, founded 1852, was a streetcar system serving the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx along with lower Westchester County. For a brief period of time, TARS also operated the Steinway Lines in Long Island City.
The conversion from streetcar to bus operation came from great pressure applied by New York City's Board of Transportation for a unified bus transportation system across the city. TARS applied for its first bus franchises in 1928. By 1948, all streetcar lines in Manhattan and The Bronx were converted to bus operation. The lines in Westchester County continued to operate, until the Yonkers city lines were shut down in 1952. Third Avenue Railway was purchased by New York City Omnibus Corporation in 1956, and transferred the remaining transit operating franchises to subsidiary Surface Transportation, Inc.


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title: Dutch cuisine section title: Dessert hierarchical section title: Dutch cuisine / Structure of meals / Dessert caption reference description: chocolate and vanilla vla caption attribution description: Deutsch: Niederländischer Vla (Geschmacksrichtungen Schokolade und Vanille - "dubbelvla") English: Dutch vla (flavors chocolate and vanilla) Nederlands: Nederlands vla (chocolade and vanille - "dubbelvla") content: Dutch cuisine is formed from the cooking traditions and practices of the Netherlands. The country's cuisine is shaped by its location in the fertile North Sea river delta of the European Plain, giving rise to fishing, farming, and trading over sea, its former colonial empire and the spice trade.
Traditionally, Dutch cuisine is simple and straightforward, with many vegetables and little meat: breakfast and lunch are typically bread with toppings like cheese, while dinner is meat and potatoes, supplemented with seasonal vegetables. The diet contains many dairy products and was relatively high in carbohydrates and fat, reflecting the dietary needs of the laborers whose culture molded the country. Without many refinements, it is best described as rustic, though many holidays are celebrated with special foods.
During the twentieth century, Dutch cuisine and diet changed. Influenced by the eating culture of its colonies, it became more cosmopolitan and most international cuisines are represented in the major cities.

title: List of Indonesian desserts section title: V hierarchical section title: List of Indonesian desserts / V caption attribution description: Deutsch: Niederländischer Vla (Geschmacksrichtungen Schokolade und Vanille - "dubbelvla") English: Dutch vla (flavors chocolate and vanilla) Nederlands: Nederlands vla (chocolade and vanille - "dubbelvla") content: This is list of Indonesian desserts. In Indonesia, desserts are called as pencuci mulut or hidangan penutup. The style of cooking and foods in Indonesian cuisine—including desserts—are local cuisine with Arabs, Chinese, Indian, and European cuisine influences, adapted to local tastes, local palates and indigenous ingredients. Indonesian desserts are very diverse and rich.


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title: Dario Chiazzolino hierarchical section title: Dario Chiazzolino caption reference description: Chiazzolino in 2013 caption attribution description: English: D. Chiazzolino caption alt text description: Chiazzolino in 2013 content: Dario Chiazzolino is a guitarist, composer, and award-winning recording artist from Italy. He has played with Bob Mintzer, Billy Cobham, and the Yellowjackets.


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title: Little Pine 116 hierarchical section title: Little Pine 116 caption reference description: Location in Saskatchewan content: Little Pine 116 is an Indian reserve of the Little Pine First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 53 kilometers northwest of North Battleford. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 700 living in 201 of its 220 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 50 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.


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title: Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel hierarchical section title: Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel caption reference description: Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel in relation to other electoral districts in Montreal and Laval content: Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel is a federal electoral district within the City of Montreal in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. Its population during the 2011 election was 108,811.


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title: Bystřice (river) hierarchical section title: Bystřice (river) caption reference description: Bystřice River caption attribution description: Čeština: Říčka Bystřička - Bystřice nad soutokem se Vsetínskou Bečvou content: Bystřice is a river in the Czech Republic, draining south from its source near Pecka through Miletín, Hořice, Mokrovousy, Nechanice, Boharyně, Kratonohy and merging with Cidlina at Chlumec nad Cidlinou. It is 62.7 km long, and its basin area is 379 km².
A survey conducted in 2010 showed that the Bystřice River was inhabited by a total of 21 species of aquatic molluscs, out of which 11 were gastropods and the remaining 10 were bivalves. Most of the recorded species were common ones. Although previous researches had shown the river to have an even higher number of species, the most notable find of the research in 2010 was the increase in the alien Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Physella acuta species. On the other hand, there was also the delightful discovery of the presence of the endangered bivalve Unio crassus, with an increased population density of the species as compared to a few years ago.


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title: Tom Green County, Texas hierarchical section title: Tom Green County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Tom Green County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 110,224. Its county seat is San Angelo. The county was created in 1874 and organized the following year.
Tom Green County is included in the San Angelo, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area.


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title: Edenton, North Carolina section title: Historic Edenton hierarchical section title: Edenton, North Carolina / History / Historic Edenton caption reference description: Plan of the Town and Port of Edenton in Chowan County, North Carolina, 1769 caption attribution description: English: "Plan of the Town & Port of Edenton in Chowan County, North Carolina," 1769, by C. J. Sauthier. content: Edenton is a town in and the county seat of Chowan County, North Carolina, United States, on Albemarle Sound. The population was 5,004 at the 2010 census. Edenton is located in North Carolina's Inner Banks region. In recent years Edenton has become a popular retirement location and a destination for heritage tourism.
Edenton was the birthplace of Harriet Jacobs, an enslaved African American whose 1861 autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, is now considered an "American classic".


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title: Ain't Your Mama section title: Composition hierarchical section title: Ain't Your Mama / Composition caption reference description: "Ain't Your Mama" was penned by singer Meghan Trainor (pictured).[8] caption attribution description: Q102 Philly Jingle Ball 2014 content: "Ain't Your Mama" is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was written by Meghan Trainor, Theron Thomas, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Gamal "Lunchmoney" Lewis, Henry "Cirkut" Walter and Dr. Luke, while production was handled by the latter two. A pop song with influences of reggae, dancehall and Latin music, the song has percussion, drums, minimal synths and a Latin beat in its main instrumentation. Lyrically, "Ain't Your Mama" deals with themes of female empowerment, where the protagonist will not accept a partner who needs to be taken care of.
The song was released on April 7, 2016, by Epic Records and Nuyorican Productions. "Ain't Your Mama" became Lopez's first chart appearance in some European territories in over four years. Though it peaked within the top ten of record charts in a variety of countries, and received Diamond certifications in France and Poland, it stalled at 76 in the United States. The song's accompanying music video was directed by Cameron Duddy and released on May 6, 2016. It has Lopez playing women throughout the decades to show the second wave feminism movement.


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title: Baldacci Family Vineyards hierarchical section title: Baldacci Family Vineyards caption reference description: Thomas Baldacci, Ricardo Herrera, Rolando Herrera and Michael Baldacci inside the Baldacci Family wine cave[3] caption attribution description: English: Thomas Baldacci, Ricardo Herrera, Rolando Herrera and Michael Baldacci content: Baldacci Family Vineyards is a California winery located in the Stags Leap District AVA of Napa Valley. Founded in 1998, Thomas and Brenda Baldacci were entranced by the beauty of the Napa Valley and the timeless heritage of the Stags Leap District. The generations before had left a deep and abiding affinity for the land from which came not only their livelihood, but their legacy. For the Baldacci’s, family is everything. When they purchased the Stags Leap property, over 18 years ago, Thomas and Brenda knew that they had found a place for their clan to stay connected through the generations. As each new vintage unfolds, they look forward to sharing their wines and their story, with you.
Second generation vintner Michael Baldacci, along with winemaker Ricardo Herrera, create limited production wines from three distinct estate vineyards located in the nested AVA’s of Calistoga, Stags Leap District and Los Carneros. The portfolio reflects the diversity of each estate vineyard with a focus on small lot, premium Cabernet Sauvignon wines. The wines have been favorably reviewed by both Robert Parker and the Wine Enthusiast over the past 15 years.


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title: Octagon House (Laurens, South Carolina) hierarchical section title: Octagon House (Laurens, South Carolina) caption reference description: Zelotes Holmes House caption attribution description: English: Zelotes Holmes House, 619 East Main Street, Laurens (Laurens County, South Carolina) - cropped This file comes from the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) or Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS). These are programs of the National Park Service established for the purpose of documenting historic places. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. Note: This only applies to original works of the Federal Government and not to the work of any individual U.S. state, territory, commonwealth, county, municipality, or any other subdivision. This template also does not apply to postage stamp designs published by the United States Postal Service since 1978. (See § 313.6(C)(1) of Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices). It also does not apply to certain US coins; see The US Mint Terms of Use. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. content: The Octagon House, also known as Zelotes Holmes House, is an historic octagonal house located at 619 East Main Street in Laurens, South Carolina. Designed and built in 1859 to 1862 by the Rev. Zelotes Lee Holmes, a Presbyterian minister and teacher, it is thought to be the first concrete house erected in South Carolina. It was called the Zelotes Holmes House by the Historic American Buildings Survey.
Also known as the Old Holmes House, the Old Watson House and the Holmes-Watson House, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 1973.

title: List of octagon houses section title: United States hierarchical section title: List of octagon houses / United States caption attribution description: English: Zelotes Holmes House, 619 East Main Street, Laurens (Laurens County, South Carolina) - cropped This file comes from the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) or Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS). These are programs of the National Park Service established for the purpose of documenting historic places. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. Note: This only applies to original works of the Federal Government and not to the work of any individual U.S. state, territory, commonwealth, county, municipality, or any other subdivision. This template also does not apply to postage stamp designs published by the United States Postal Service since 1978. (See § 313.6(C)(1) of Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices). It also does not apply to certain US coins; see The US Mint Terms of Use. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. caption alt text description: 1986 HABS photo content: This is a list of octagon houses. The style became popular in the United States and Canada following the publication of Orson Squire Fowler's 1848 book The Octagon House, A Home for All. In the United States, 68 surviving octagon houses are included on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The earliest and most notable octagon house in the Americas was Thomas Jefferson's 1806 Poplar Forest.
Orson Squire Fowler's 1848 book The Octagon House, A Home for All and his "monumental" four-story, 60-room house built during 1848–1853, Fowler's Folly in Fishkill, New York, provided inspiration for a nationwide fad. Fifty-nine of the sixty-six pre-Civil War houses on the NRHP were built between 1849 and 1861. It is reported that the owner of the first-built of these, the Rich-Twinn Octagon House in western New York, was impressed by seeing an octagon house in the Hudson River Valley, presumably Fowler's home under construction.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Laurens County, South Carolina section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Laurens County, South Carolina / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Zelotes Holmes House, 619 East Main Street, Laurens (Laurens County, South Carolina) - cropped This file comes from the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) or Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS). These are programs of the National Park Service established for the purpose of documenting historic places. Records consist of measured drawings, archival photographs, and written reports. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. Note: This only applies to original works of the Federal Government and not to the work of any individual U.S. state, territory, commonwealth, county, municipality, or any other subdivision. This template also does not apply to postage stamp designs published by the United States Postal Service since 1978. (See § 313.6(C)(1) of Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices). It also does not apply to certain US coins; see The US Mint Terms of Use. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. caption alt text description: Octagon House content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Laurens County, South Carolina.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Laurens County, South Carolina, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
There are 25 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 31, 2020.


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title: Stanley Motor Carriage Company section title: Specifications and design hierarchical section title: Stanley Motor Carriage Company / Specifications and design caption reference description: Steam generator of a 1919 Stanley Steamer caption attribution description: English: Engine of Stanley Steam Car (built 1919), seen at Concours d'Élégance in Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg. content: The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam-engine vehicles; it operated from 1902 to 1924. The cars made by the company were colloquially called Stanley Steamers, although several different models were produced.


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title: Molly Neuman hierarchical section title: Molly Neuman caption reference description: Molly Neuman w/ Love or Perish in 2007 caption attribution description: English: Molly Neuman performing with Love Or Perish at Cake Shop NYC on Jul 7 2007 My own work Wwwhatsup (talk) 23:43, 8 November 2008 (UTC) caption alt text description: Molly Neuman w/ Love or Perish in 2007 content: Molly Neuman is a drummer, writer and publisher, originally from the Washington, D.C. area who has performed in such influential bands as Bratmobile, The Frumpies, and the PeeChees. She was a pioneer of the early-to-mid '90s riot grrrl movement, penning the zine which coined the phrase in its title. She also co-wrote Girl Germs with Bratmobile singer Allison Wolfe while the two were students at the University of Oregon; that title later became the name of a Bratmobile song.


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title: Coldren Opera House hierarchical section title: Coldren Opera House caption reference description: Coldren Opera House at Clinton and College streets c. 1875. The auditorium occupied both second and third levels. content: The Coldren Opera House is a former theater that operated in Iowa City, Iowa from 1877 until its closure in 1912.


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title: Armed Forces of Bolivia section title: Army divisions hierarchical section title: Armed Forces of Bolivia / Army / Army divisions caption reference description: Bolivian Snipers Dragunov SVD. caption attribution description: English: Bolivian Navy snipers in desert camouflage and army snipers behind tierra.In the military parade in Cochabamba. Español: Francotiradores bolivianos de la Armada en camuflaje desértico y detrás francotiradores del ejército de tierra.En la Parada Militar de Cochabamba. content: The Armed Forces of Bolivia are official organizations responsible for the defence, both of external and internal, of Bolivia and they are constituted by Bolivian Army, the Bolivian Air Force and the Bolivian Navy. All these institutions depend on the Ministry of Defence of this country.
In addition to the three forces already mentioned, the Bolivian National Police, although dependent on the Ministry of Government in times of peace, is part of the reserves of the Armed Forces according to the Organic Law of the Armed Forces of this nation, together with other reserve bodies such as the SAR-FAB emergency and rescue units.
Figures on the size and composition of the armed forces of Bolivia vary considerably, with rare official data available. It is estimated, however, that the three main forces add up to a total of between 39,000 to 70,000 troops, while the Bolivian police would be around 40,000 troops.

title: Bolivian Army section title: Army Divisions hierarchical section title: Bolivian Army / Organization / Army Divisions caption reference description: Snipers carrying Dragunov SVD rifles. caption attribution description: English: Bolivian Navy snipers in desert camouflage and army snipers behind tierra.In the military parade in Cochabamba. Español: Francotiradores bolivianos de la Armada en camuflaje desértico y detrás francotiradores del ejército de tierra.En la Parada Militar de Cochabamba. content: The Bolivian Army is the land forces component of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.
Figures on the size and composition of the Bolivian army vary considerably, with rare official data available. It is estimated, however, that the army has between 26,000 to 60,000 men.


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title: Andy Rautins hierarchical section title: Andy Rautins caption reference description: Rautins with the Knicks in 2010 caption attribution description: Andy Rautins of the New York Knicks This file has been extracted from another file:  Consul General Welcomes NBA Basketball to Montreal.jpg content: Andrew Jay Rautins is an American-born Canadian professional basketball player who last played for Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague. He played for Syracuse University and was drafted by the NBA's New York Knicks in 2010, with the eighth pick of the second round.
He was born in Syracuse, New York in the United States, but is also a Canadian citizen and has played for the Canadian national team. He is the son of Leo Rautins, who also played for Syracuse and professionally, and is the former coach of the Canadian national team.


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title: Louise Lateau hierarchical section title: Louise Lateau caption reference description: Louise Lateau caption attribution description: Français : Louise Lateau en 1869 (peinture de François Sodar) content: Louise Lateau was a mystic and stigmatist.
The case of Louise Lateau is one of the best documented of those who received the stigmata. She was famous in the 1860s because of her mystical trances and between 1868 and 1883 she was observed by many physicians, members of the clergy and visitors.


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title: Australia Telescope Compact Array section title: Overview hierarchical section title: Australia Telescope Compact Array / Overview caption attribution description: English: One of the six radio telescopes making up the Australia Telescope Compact Array near Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia. content: The Australia Telescope Compact Array is a radio telescope operated by CSIRO at the Paul Wild Observatory, twenty five kilometres west of the town of Narrabri in Australia.

title: List of cosmic microwave background experiments section title: Cosmic microwave background experiments hierarchical section title: List of cosmic microwave background experiments / Cosmic microwave background experiments caption attribution description: English: One of the six radio telescopes making up the Australia Telescope Compact Array near Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia. caption alt text description: ATCA content: This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropies and polarization since the first detection of the CMB by Penzias and Wilson in 1964. There have been a variety of experiments to measure the CMB anisotropies and polarization since its first observation in 1964 by Penzias and Wilson. These include a mix of ground-, balloon- and space-based receivers. Some notable experiments in the list are COBE, which first detected the temperature anisotropies of the CMB, and showed that it had a black body spectrum; DASI, which first detected the polarization signal from the CMB; CBI, which made high-resolution observations and obtained the first E-mode polarization spectrum; WMAP; and the Planck spacecraft, which has produced the highest resolution all-sky map to-date of both the temperature anisotropies and polarization signals. Current scientific goals for CMB observation include precise measurement of gravitational lensing, which can constrain the mass of the neutrino; and measurement of B-mode polarization as possible evidence for cosmic inflation.
The design of cosmic microwave background experiments is a very challenging task.


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title: Via Cassia hierarchical section title: Via Cassia caption reference description: Route of Via Cassia (in green). caption attribution description: English: Map of Roman roads in Italy. Locations and road trajectories not exact. Nederlands: Kaart van Romeinse wegen in Italië. Plaatsen en loop van de wegen niet exact. content: The Via Cassia was an important Roman road striking out of the Via Flaminia near the Milvian Bridge in the immediate vicinity of Rome and, passing not far from Veii, traversed Etruria. The Via Cassia passed through Baccanae, Sutrium, Volsinii, Clusium, Arretium, Florentia, Pistoria, and Luca, joining the Via Aurelia at Luna.
The Via Cassia intersected other important roads. At mile 11 the Via Clodia diverged north-north-west. At Sette Vene, another road, probably the Via Annia, branched off to Falerii. In Sutrium, the Via Ciminia split off and later rejoined.
The date of its construction is uncertain: it cannot have been earlier than 187 BC, when the consul Gaius Flaminius constructed a road from Bononia to Arretium, which must have coincided with a portion of the later Via Cassia. It is not mentioned by any ancient authorities before the time of Cicero, who in 45 BC speaks of the existence of three roads from Rome to Mutina: the Flaminia, the Aurelia and the Cassia. A milestone of AD 124 mentions repairs to the road made by Hadrian from the boundary of the territory of Clusium to Florentia, a distance of 86 miles.

title: Via Aurelia hierarchical section title: Via Aurelia caption reference description: Route of Via Aurelia (in yellow) caption attribution description: English: Map of Roman roads in Italy. Locations and road trajectories not exact. Nederlands: Kaart van Romeinse wegen in Italië. Plaatsen en loop van de wegen niet exact. content: The Via Aurelia is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor. Cotta had a history of building roads for Rome, as he had overseen the construction of a military road in Sicily connecting Agrigentum and Panormus.

title: Via Aemilia Scauri hierarchical section title: Via Aemilia Scauri caption reference description: Route of Via Aemilia Scaura (in light blue). caption attribution description: English: Map of Roman roads in Italy. Locations and road trajectories not exact. Nederlands: Kaart van Romeinse wegen in Italië. Plaatsen en loop van de wegen niet exact. content: The Via Aemilia Scauri was an ancient Roman road built by the consul Marcus Aemilius Scaurus during his term as censor in 109 BC.

title: Via Salaria hierarchical section title: Via Salaria caption reference description: Route of Via Salaria (in gray). caption attribution description: English: Map of Roman roads in Italy. Locations and road trajectories not exact. Nederlands: Kaart van Romeinse wegen in Italië. Plaatsen en loop van de wegen niet exact. content: The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy.
It eventually ran from Rome to Castrum Truentinum on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed through Reate and Asculum. The Via Salaria owes its name to the Latin word for "salt", since it was the route by which the Sabines living nearer the Tyrrhenian sea came to fetch salt from the marshes at the mouth of the Tiber, the Campus Salinarum, while those nearer the Adriatic Sea used it to fetch it from production sites there. It was one of many ancient salt roads in Europe, and some historians consider the Salaria and the trade in salt to have been the origin of the settlement of Rome. Some remains still exist of the mountain sections of the road.
Strada statale 4 Via Salaria is the modern state highway that maintains the old road's name and runs on the same path from Rome to the Adriatic sea.

title: Aemilianus section title: Victory against the Goths, overthrow of Gallus, short rule and death of Aemilian hierarchical section title: Aemilianus / Biography / Victory against the Goths, overthrow of Gallus, short rule and death of Aemilian caption reference description: The Flaminian Way, here in purple, divided into two branches next to modern Terni; Aemilian, who was descending from north upon Rome, defeated Trebonianus Gallus on the eastern branch. caption attribution description: English: Map of Roman roads in Italy. Locations and road trajectories not exact. Nederlands: Kaart van Romeinse wegen in Italië. Plaatsen en loop van de wegen niet exact. content: Aemilianus, also known as Aemilian, was Roman emperor for three months in 253.
Commander of the Moesian troops, he obtained an important victory against the invading Goths and was, for this reason, acclaimed Emperor by his army. He then moved quickly to Roman Italy, where he defeated Emperor Trebonianus Gallus at the Battle of Interamna Nahars in August 253, only to be killed by his own men a month later when another general, Valerian, proclaimed himself Emperor and moved against Aemilian with a larger army.


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title: Anna Robeson Brown hierarchical section title: Anna Robeson Brown caption reference description: Anna Robeson Brown, from a 1903 publication. content: Anna Robeson Brown Burr was an American writer of novels, poetry, stories, essays, and biographies. Her The Autobiography: A Critical and Comparative Study, was the first book on the subject.


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title: Selena (movie) section title: Production and marketing hierarchical section title: Selena (movie) / Production and marketing caption reference description: Salma Hayek (pictured) was asked to play the role as "Selena". She turned it down because she believed it was too early to do a movie about Selena. caption attribution description: English: Salma Hayek in 2004. content: Selena is a biographical drama movie. It was released on March 21, 1997, by Warner Bros. Gregory Nava was the director and the screenwriter. The movie is about the singer Selena. She was murdered at age 23 by her friend, an ex-employee of her clothing stores. The movie also describes how Selena started in the music business and her family's problems. Jennifer Lopez starred as Selena, and many music critics believe this movie made Lopez famous. Selena was produced by Abraham Quintanilla, Jr., Moctesuma Esparza and Robert Katz.
Lopez was given $1 million for her role as Selena, making her the highest-paid Hispanic woman ever, at the time. The movie soundtrack contained two unreleased songs, two tribute songs and two melodies. It reached number seven on the US Billboard 200 chart. It was certified platinum for shipments of one million copies in the United States.bagamash
Nava had a budget of $20 million to make this movie. They filmed the movie in Corpus Christi, San Antonio and Houston, Texas. Over 35,000 fans participated in the Houston Astrodome scene. The movie made $15,599,598 on its first week, the number one movie for that week. In total, it made $35,281,794 in 101 days.

title: Salma Hayek section title: Early Hollywood acting work hierarchical section title: Salma Hayek / Career / Early Hollywood acting work caption reference description: Hayek at the 2004 Guadalajara International Film Festival caption attribution description: English: Salma Hayek in 2004. content: Salma Hayek Pinault is a Mexican and American film actress and producer. She began her career in Mexico starring in the telenovela Teresa and starred in the film El Callejón de los Milagros for which she was nominated for an Ariel Award. In 1991, Hayek moved to Hollywood and came to prominence with roles in films such as Desperado, From Dusk till Dawn, Wild Wild West, and Dogma.
Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 film Frida, as Mexican painter Frida Kahlo, for which she was nominated for Best Actress for the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award, and which she also produced. This movie received widespread attention and was a critical and commercial success.
She won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Children/Youth/Family Special for The Maldonado Miracle in 2004, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series after guest-starring in the ABC television comedy-drama Ugly Betty in 2007. She also guest-starred on the NBC comedy series 30 Rock from 2009 to 2013. In 2017, she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for her role in Beatriz at Dinner.


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title: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet / Biography caption reference description: 20 St James's Square content: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 4th Baronet was a Welsh landowner, politician and patron of the arts. The Williams-Wynn baronets had been begun in 1688 by the politician Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, but had inherited, in the time of the 3rd baronet, Sir Watkin's father, the estates of the Wynn baronets, and changed their name to reflect this.

title: St James's Square section title: Addresses hierarchical section title: St James's Square / Addresses caption reference description: The façade of No. 20 as designed by Robert Adam. content: St James's Square is the only square in the St James's district of the City of Westminster and is a garden square. It has predominantly Georgian and Neo-Georgian architecture. For its first two hundred or so years it was one of the three or four most fashionable residential streets in London. It now has headquarters of a number of well-known businesses, including BP and Rio Tinto Group; four private members' clubs, the East India Club, the Naval and Military Club, the Canning Club, and the Army and Navy Club; the High Commission of Cyprus; the London Library; and global think tank and peace-promoter Chatham House.
A main feature is a high, stone-plinthed equestrian statue of William III erected in 1808.

title: Waterbury Municipal Center Complex section title: Chase Memorial Dispensary hierarchical section title: Waterbury Municipal Center Complex / Buildings / Chase Memorial Dispensary caption reference description: The Williams–Wynn house Gilbert used as a model caption alt text description: A black-and-white engraving of a building front very similar to the entrance pavilion on City Hall and the Chase Building content: The Waterbury Municipal Center Complex, also known as the Cass Gilbert National Register District, is a group of five buildings, including City Hall, on Field and Grand streets in Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. They are large stone and brick structures, all designed by Cass Gilbert in the Georgian Revival and Second Renaissance Revival architectural styles, built during the 1910s. In 1978 they were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They are now contributing properties to the Downtown Waterbury Historic District.
The complex was financed by the Chase family, owners of the Chase Brass Company, one of Waterbury's major industries at the time. In the wake of a 1902 fire that had destroyed a portion of downtown, the Chases and other local businessmen saw an opportunity for urban renewal. Cass Gilbert won the competition to design a new complex a few blocks from the old city hall building on West Main Street. Unusual for the time, the complex would house not just the mayor and city council but the public safety functions of city government such the police and fire departments, courts and jails.


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title: Claude Chevalley hierarchical section title: Claude Chevalley caption reference description: Y. Akizuki, C. Chevalley and A. Kobori caption attribution description: Français : Le mathématicien français Claude Chevalley (centre) avecYasuo Akizuki (gauche) et Akira Kobori (droite) content: Claude Chevalley was a French mathematician who made important contributions to number theory, algebraic geometry, class field theory, finite group theory, and the theory of algebraic groups. He was a founding member of the Bourbaki group.


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title: China Netcom hierarchical section title: China Netcom caption reference description: Former China Netcom Dalian branch caption attribution description: English: China Netcom Corporation 中国網絡通信 content: China Netcom, full name China Netcom Group Corporation Limited, abbreviated CNC, was a former telecommunication service provider in People's Republic of China. It was formed in August 1999 by the Chinese government to enable inward investments to build high speed Internet communications in the country.


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title: Arthur McIntyre (cricketer, born 1918) hierarchical section title: Arthur McIntyre (cricketer, born 1918) caption reference description: McIntyre teaching cricket to a boy in 1955 caption attribution description: 1955 London Surrey Wicket Keeper J McIntyre Explains Cricket to Boy Press Photo content: Arthur John William McIntyre was an English cricketer. A wicket-keeper, he was an integral part of the Surrey side that won the County Championship in every season from 1952 to 1958 inclusive, and played in three Tests for the English cricket team, two in 1950 and one in 1955. According to McIntyre's obituary in the Daily Telegraph, Peter May wrote: "Godfrey Evans could touch great heights of wicketkeeping but day in, day out, Arthur was the most reliable wicketkeeper of the 1950s... He should have kept many times for England."


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title: Downtown Indianapolis section title: Government hierarchical section title: Downtown Indianapolis / Government caption reference description: The Indiana Statehouse, seat of the State of Indiana. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Indiana State Capitol und Market Street in Indianapolis, USA English: Indiana State Capitol at the end of Market St, Indianapolis Esperanto: Ŝtatdomo de Indianao en Indianapolis. content: Downtown Indianapolis is the central business district of Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Downtown is the location of many corporate or regional headquarters; city, county, state and federal government facilities; several medical centers; Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis; sporting venues; performing arts venues; and most of Indianapolis' tourist attractions. Downtown is sometimes called the Mile Square, referencing the city plat developed by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham at Indianapolis' founding. Today, Downtown encompasses about 6.5 square miles, as designated by the City of Indianapolis' Regional Center Plan.

title: Index of Indiana-related articles section title: C hierarchical section title: Index of Indiana-related articles / C caption reference description: The Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis caption attribution description: Deutsch: Indiana State Capitol und Market Street in Indianapolis, USA English: Indiana State Capitol at the end of Market St, Indianapolis Esperanto: Ŝtatdomo de Indianao en Indianapolis. content: The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the U.S. state of Indiana.


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title: Health in Tajikistan section title: Child and maternal health hierarchical section title: Health in Tajikistan / Child and maternal health caption reference description: Figure 2: Infant and Neonatal Mortality Rates in Tajikistan, 1990 and 2015. Data Source: United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2015. http://www.unicef.org/media/files/IGME_Report_Final2.pdf. Accessed October 3, 2016. content: The Tajikistan health system is influenced by the former Soviet legacy. It is ranked as the poorest country within the WHO European region, including the lowest total health expenditure per capita. Tajikistan is ranked 129th as Human Development Index of 188 countries, with an Index of 0.627 in 2016. In 2016, the SDG Index value was 56.
In Tajikistan health indicators such as infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest of the former Soviet republics. In the post-Soviet era, life expectancy has decreased because of poor nutrition, polluted water supplies, and increased incidence of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. Because the health care system has deteriorated badly and receives insufficient funding and because sanitation and water supply systems are in declining condition, Tajikistan has a high risk of epidemic disease.


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title: List of tallest clock towers hierarchical section title: List of tallest clock towers caption attribution description: Français : Charleroi (Belgique) - Beffroi de l'hôtel de ville content: A list of the tallest structures with clocks on their exterior that can be seen from the ground. The list includes various structures with a working clock face or faces on their exteriors. The first type of structure are proper Clock towers which are structures that fulfil the definition of a tower with a clock face or faces on the exterior wall or walls. Possibly the most famous example is the colloquially termed Big Ben. Some structures of this type were originally built as bell towers and had the clocks added later, such as the Springfield Campanille. Some clock towers of this type are freestanding, such as the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, while others are attached to, or on top of, buildings such as the tower on the Philadelphia City Hall. The second set of structures are buildings that had clock faces on the exterior as part of their original design such as the Wrigley Building. The third set of structures are buildings that have had a clock face or faces added after the original building was constructed such as the Palace of Culture and Science.


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title: Downtown Boise section title: Tallest buildings hierarchical section title: Downtown Boise / Tallest buildings caption attribution description: English: The US Bank Plaza Building in Boise, Idaho. Taken from the parking lot of The Aspen building. caption alt text description: US Bank Plaza from the Aspen Lofts content: Downtown Boise is the central business district of Boise, Idaho, located north of the Boise River. It is the largest city center in the state of Idaho.

title: Timeline of Boise, Idaho section title: 20th century hierarchical section title: Timeline of Boise, Idaho / 20th century caption reference description: US Bank Plaza, constructed as "Idaho First Plaza," opened in 1978. caption attribution description: English: The US Bank Plaza Building in Boise, Idaho. Taken from the parking lot of The Aspen building. content: The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Boise, Idaho, United States.

title: U.S. Bank Plaza (Boise) hierarchical section title: U.S. Bank Plaza (Boise) caption reference description: US Bank Plaza in August 2008 caption attribution description: English: The US Bank Plaza Building in Boise, Idaho. Taken from the parking lot of The Aspen building. content: The US Bank Building is a high-rise building located in Boise, Idaho, formerly the tallest building in the state. Completed in 1978 and renovated in 2004, it rises 267 feet spanning 19 floors. It was the tallest building in the state for over thirty years, until surpassed by the 323-foot Eighth & Main Building.
Originally "Idaho First Plaza," the building was the headquarters of the Idaho First National Bank, which was founded in 1867. Built by EmKay Development and Realty Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Boise-based Morrison-Knudsen, it opened in September 1978.
Following acquisitions in neighboring states, IFNB changed its name to West One Bank in 1989, and was acquired by U.S. Bank of Portland in 1995.
In 2000, the building was purchased by the property development firm Unico.
The condensed address of the building is 101 S. Capitol Blvd. Boise, ID 83702.
The building does not have a 13th floor. The floors are numbered one through twenty and skips thirteen. The reason for leaving out thirteen is because of the superstition of the number thirteen.


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title: Kateryna Yushchenko hierarchical section title: Kateryna Yushchenko caption attribution description: English: Absolute winner of the "Writing About Charity" wikicontest with Kateryna Yushchenko. content: Kateryna Mykhaylivna Yushchenko is the wife of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko and a former First Lady of Ukraine.


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title: Denis Stoff hierarchical section title: Denis Stoff caption reference description: Shaforostov performing as a part of Asking Alexandria at Rock Am Ring festival 2015. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Asking Alexandria - Rock am Ring 2015English: Asking Alexandria - Rock am Ring 2015 caption alt text description: Shaforostov performing as a part of Asking Alexandria at Rock Am Ring festival 2015. content: Denis Alexandrovich Shaforostov, also known by his stage name Denis Stoff, is a Ukrainian musician best known for his work as a guitarist and vocalist of the Ukrainian metalcore group Make Me Famous and as the ex-lead vocalist of the British rock band Asking Alexandria during original singer Danny Worsnop's 18-month hiatus from the band.
Shaforostov showcased an early interest in music through his YouTube channel "above92" which contains vocal and guitar covers of his favorite songs dating back to as far as 2008. He furthered the momentum of his YouTube popularity through the formation of Make Me Famous. After Make Me Famous broke up, he founded Down & Dirty but shortly left that band in the wake of his involvement with Asking Alexandria. However, Stoff parted ways with Asking Alexandria in 2016 when the band reunited with Danny Worsnop. He is currently the lead vocalist for the band Drag Me Out.

title: Asking Alexandria section title: Departure of Worsnop and The Black (2015–2016) hierarchical section title: Asking Alexandria / History / Departure of Worsnop and The Black (2015–2016) caption reference description: Denis Stoff was a part of Asking Alexandria from early 2015 until his departure in late 2016. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Asking Alexandria - Rock am Ring 2015English: Asking Alexandria - Rock am Ring 2015 content: Asking Alexandria are a British rock band from York, North Yorkshire, consisting of guitarists Ben Bruce and Cameron Liddell, drummer James Cassells, lead vocalist Danny Worsnop, and bassist Sam Bettley.
Initially formed in 2006 by Ben Bruce, the band officially established as a six-piece in 2008 with the founding line-up consisting of Bruce, Worsnop, Cassells, Liddell, Joe Lancaster and Ryan Binns. After the departure of Lancaster and Binns, as well as the recruitment of bassist Sam Bettley in 2009, the band released their debut album Stand Up and Scream. The band released two studio albums Reckless & Relentless and From Death to Destiny, before the departure of Worsnop in January 2015. He was replaced by Denis Stoff and the band released The Black. Stoff departed from the band in October that year, and Worsnop subsequently returned to the band. The band released their self-titled fifth album in late 2017, which was a marked stylistic departure from their previous works.


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title: Holuhraun section title: Volcanism hierarchical section title: Holuhraun / Volcanism caption reference description: The eruption in Holuhraun on 4 September 2014 caption attribution description: English: Pictures taken by Peter Hartree between 14.30 and 15.00 on September 4th 2014. I'm sorry for the less than ideal quality of these - this was absolutely not a professional photo shoot. All photos are unedited. I have a bunch more (fairly similar) shots - if you'd like to see them, write to peter@reykjavikcoworking.is. Many thanks to pilot Siggi G for the ride. content: Holuhraun is a large lava field just north of the Vatnajökull ice cap, in the Icelandic Highlands, in Suður-Þingeyjarsýsla, Northeastern Region, Iceland. The lava field was created by fissure eruptions. After a research expedition in 1880, the lava field was initially called Kvislarhraun. Four years later, it received its current name by the geologist and geographer, Þorvaldur Thoroddsen. Holuhraun is the site of a volcanic eruption which began on 29 August 2014 and produced a lava field of more than 85 km² and 1.4 km³ – the largest in Iceland since 1783.

title: Fissure vent hierarchical section title: Fissure vent caption reference description: Eruption fissure with spatter cones, Holuhraun, Iceland, 2014 caption attribution description: English: Pictures taken by Peter Hartree between 14.30 and 15.00 on September 4th 2014. I'm sorry for the less than ideal quality of these - this was absolutely not a professional photo shoot. All photos are unedited. I have a bunch more (fairly similar) shots - if you'd like to see them, write to peter@reykjavikcoworking.is. Many thanks to pilot Siggi G for the ride. content: A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is often a few metres wide and may be many kilometres long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts which run first in lava channels and later in lava tubes. After some time the eruption builds up spatter cones and may concentrate on one or some of them. Small fissure vents may not be easily discernible from the air, but the crater rows or the canyons built up by some of them are.
The dikes that feed fissures reach the surface from depths of a few kilometers and connect them to deeper magma reservoirs, often under volcanic centers. Fissures are usually found in or along rifts and rift zones, such as Iceland and the East African Rift. Fissure vents are often part of the structure of shield volcanoes.


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title: National War Memorial (Canada) section title: Design hierarchical section title: National War Memorial (Canada) / Design caption reference description: The memorial viewed from the west; the figures emerge through the arch from war to peace[1] or in "the Great Response of Canada" to a call to war[11][15] caption attribution description: National War Memorial 2 content: The National War Memorial, titled The Response is a tall, granite memorial arch with accreted bronze sculptures in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, designed by Vernon March and first dedicated by King George VI in 1939. Originally built to commemorate the Canadians who died in the First World War, it was in 1982 rededicated to also include those killed in the Second World War and Korean War and again in 2014 to add the dead from the Second Boer War and War in Afghanistan, as well as all Canadians killed in all conflicts past and future. It now serves as the pre-eminent war memorial of 76 cenotaphs in Canada. In 2000, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was added in front of the memorial and symbolizes the sacrifices made by all Canadians who have died or may yet die for their country.


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title: Szob-Nagybörzsöny forest railway hierarchical section title: Szob-Nagybörzsöny forest railway caption attribution description: English: Track of the Szob-Nagybörzsöny Forest Railway Magyar: A Szob-Nagybörzsöny Erdei Vasút nyomvonala This map was created from OpenStreetMap project data, collected by the community. This map may be incomplete, and may contain errors. Don't rely solely on it for navigation. content: The Szob-Nagybörzsöny forest railway is a 760 mm forest railway in Hungary. It runs from Szob to Nagybörzsöny, and was formed by the merger of three separate organisations. The railway is notable for having switch-back operation.


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title: New Kowloon hierarchical section title: New Kowloon caption reference description: The region between Kowloon Bay and Yau Tong is part of New Kowloon caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 從zh:蘇浙公學北樓梯間遠眺zh:東九龍海景 content: New Kowloon is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong, bounded in the south by Boundary Street, and in the north by the ranges of the Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Tate's Cairn and Kowloon Peak. It covers the present-day Kwun Tong District and Wong Tai Sin District, and part of the Sham Shui Po District and Kowloon City District.


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title: Alt Duvenstedt hierarchical section title: Alt Duvenstedt caption attribution description: Locator maps of municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein - District Rendsburg-Eckernförde content: Alt Duvenstedt is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.


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title: Tomato chutney hierarchical section title: Tomato chutney caption reference description: A tomato chutney made of tomatoes, chili peppers, onions and Indian spices being cooked. caption attribution description: English: A spicy Chutney made of Tomatoes, Chillies, Onions & Other south Indian spices. content: Tomato chutney is a type of chutney, native to the Indian subcontinent, prepared using tomatoes as the primary ingredient. The tomatoes can be diced, mashed or pulped, and additional typical ingredients used include ginger, chilli, sugar, salt, Aam papad, raisin, dates and spices and additionally onion, garlic and peanut or dal for south Indian version of it. It can be prepared using ripe red tomatoes or green tomatoes. It can be eaten fresh after preparation, stored in a refrigerator, and can be bottled or canned and stored for later use. Homemade tomato chutney that is canned can have an improved flavor, due to the ingredients intermingling while the product is stored.


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title: Cruachan (band) section title: History hierarchical section title: Cruachan (band) / History caption reference description: Mauro Frison, Italy 2013 caption attribution description: English: mauro in italy content: Cruachan are an Irish folk metal band from Dublin that have been active since the 1990s. They have been acclaimed as having "gone the greatest lengths of anyone in their attempts to expand" the genre of folk metal. They are recognised as one of the founders of the genre of folk metal. With a specific focus on Celtic music and the use of Celtic mythology in their lyrics, Cruachan's style of folk metal is known as Celtic metal. The band named themselves after the archaeological site of Rathcroghan in Ireland also known as Cruachan.


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title: Zack Kassian hierarchical section title: Zack Kassian caption reference description: Kassian practicing with the Vancouver Canucks in 2012 caption attribution description: Vancouver Canucks forward Zack Kassian during a practice on March 9, 2012. content: Zack Adam Kassian is a Canadian professional ice hockey winger currently with the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League. During his junior career, he won a Memorial Cup with the Windsor Spitfires in 2010. Selected 13th overall in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, he began his career within the Buffalo Sabres organization before being traded to the Canucks in 2012. He played parts of four seasons with the Canucks before they traded him to the Montreal Canadiens in 2015. Kassian never played for the Canadiens as he was suspended for substance abuse issues, and was traded to the Oilers a few months later.
Internationally, he competed with Canada's under-20 team at the 2011 World Junior Championships and won a silver medal. Listed at 6-foot-3 and 211 pounds, Kassian plays in the style of a power forward and is known for playing with aggression and physicality.


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title: Kollam KSRTC bus station hierarchical section title: Kollam KSRTC bus station caption reference description: View of Kollam KSRTC Bus Station from Adventure Park caption attribution description: English: Kollam bus stand as seen from boating club (residency) content: Kollam KSRTC bus station is an important transport hub in the Indian city of Kollam, owned and operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation under the depot code KLM. The bus station is located in Taluk Cutchery and is close to Kerala State Water Transport Department's Kollam City water transport terminal. Long distance intrastate, inter-state and city buses run regularly from the bus station. The bus station comes under Kollam Zone of Kerala State Road Transport Corporation.


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title: Reimarla hierarchical section title: Reimarla caption reference description: Position of Reimarla within Helsinki caption attribution description: Districts of Helsinki, Reimarla highlighted (new version) caption alt text description: Position of Reimarla within Helsinki content: Reimarla, Reimars is a western neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.


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title: Kōzan-ji section title: Important Cultural Properties hierarchical section title: Kōzan-ji / Cultural Properties / Important Cultural Properties caption reference description: Founders Hall caption attribution description: English: Kōzan-ji in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It was registered as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic monuments of ancient Kyoto". 日本語: 高山寺 。所在地は京都府京都市北区。ユネスコ世界文化遺産「古都京都の文化財」の一部。 content: Kōzan-ji, officially Toganōsan Kōsan-ji, is a Buddhist temple of the Omuro sect of Shingon Buddhism in Umegahata Toganōchō, Ukyō Ward, Kyoto, Japan. Kōzan-ji is also known as Kōsan-ji and Toganō-dera. The temple was founded by the Shingon scholar and monk Myōe and is renowned for its numerous national treasures and important cultural properties. The Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga, a group of ink paintings from the 12th and 13th centuries, are among the most important treasures of Kōzan-ji. The temple celebrates Biyakkōshin, Zenmyōshin and Kasuga Myōjin, as well as the temple's tutelary Shintō deity. In 1994, it was registered as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto".


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title: Songshan–Xindian line section title: Stations hierarchical section title: Songshan–Xindian line / Stations caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 古亭站6號出口 content: The Songshan–Xindian or Green line is a metro line in Taipei operated by Taipei Metro, named after the districts it connects: Songshan and Xindian. Parts of the line runs under the Roosevelt Road, following the route of the former Xindian railway line, which ceased service in 1965 on its southern section.

title: Guting District hierarchical section title: Guting District caption reference description: Guting MRT Station, Today caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 古亭站6號出口 caption alt text description: Guting MRT Station, Today content: Guting District was a district in Taipei, Taiwan, located in the southwestern part of Taipei.

title: Zhonghe–Xinlu line section title: Stations hierarchical section title: Zhonghe–Xinlu line / Stations caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 古亭站6號出口 content: The Zhonghe–Xinlu or Orange line is a metro line in Taipei operated by Taipei Metro, named after the districts it connects: Zhonghe, Xinzhuang and Luzhou. The line starts at Nanshijiao in Zhonghe, passes through central Taipei, then splits into two branches: one to Huilong in Xinzhuang, and one to Luzhou.
The southern section between Nanshijiao and Guting opened in 1998. Due to heavy traffic for residents in the districts of Luzhou and Sanchong travelling in and out of central Taipei, a metro line was planned to meet this urgent need. The line would eventually consist of two branches which connects to Guting via central Taipei. The extension fully opened in 2012.


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title: Burrel, Albania hierarchical section title: Burrel, Albania caption reference description: Burrel City Center caption attribution description: English: Central square in Burrel, Albania caption alt text description: Burrel City Center content: Burrel is a town in northern Albania, 91 km from Tirana. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision and the seat of the municipality Mat. It was the seat of the former District of Mat. The population at the 2011 census was 10,862.


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title: University of Queensland section title: Foundation of the university hierarchical section title: University of Queensland / History / Foundation of the university caption reference description: The four founding Professors of the University of Queensland, 1911. From left to right: Professor John Lundie Michie (classics), Professor Alexander James Gibson (engineering), Professor Henry James Priestley (mathematics and physics), Professor Bertram Dillon Steele (chemistry). content: The University of Queensland is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the state parliament, UQ is classed as one of the six sandstone universities, an informal designation of the oldest university in each state. The University of Queensland is ranked second nationally by Excellence in Research for Australia and equal second in Australia based on the average of four major global university league tables. The University of Queensland is a founding member of edX, Australia's research-intensive Group of Eight, the international research network McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and the global Universitas 21 network.
The main St Lucia campus occupies much of the riverside inner suburb of St Lucia, southwest of the Brisbane central business district. Other UQ campuses and facilities are located throughout Queensland, the largest of which are the Gatton campus and the Mayne Medical School. UQ's overseas establishments include UQ North America office in Washington D.C., and the UQ-Ochsner Clinical School in Louisiana, United States.


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title: Lake Michigan hierarchical section title: Lake Michigan caption reference description: Lake Michigan bathymetric map.[1][2][3] The deepest point is marked with "×".[4] caption attribution description: English: Lake Michigan bathymetric shaded relief map contoured with interval 25 m (100 m with thicker lines). The deepest point is marked with "×". For land the vertical datum is sea level, for bathymetry low water datum of the lake. The map was created using the Generic Mapping Tools, GMT, version 5.1.1. content: Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the narrow Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.
Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes located entirely within one country, the United States. It is shared, from west to east, by the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. Ports along its shores include Chicago in Illinois; Milwaukee, and the city of Green Bay in Wisconsin; Gary, Indiana; and Muskegon, Michigan. Green Bay is a large bay in its northwest and Grand Traverse Bay is in the northeast. The word "Michigan" is believed to come from the Ojibwe word michi-gami meaning "great water".


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title: Academy of Science, St. Louis section title: Founders hierarchical section title: Academy of Science, St. Louis / Founders caption reference description: Charles P. Chouteau (1819 - 1884) caption attribution description: English: Title: Charles P. Chouteau (1819 - 1884). content: The Academy of Science - St. Louis is a non-profit organization in St. Louis, Missouri, dedicated to science literacy and education. It was founded in 1856 by a group of scientists and businessmen in St. Louis, including George Engelmann and James B. Eads, the Academy has been involved in many science-related activities in the city. It ran a Museum of Science and Natural History in Clayton, Missouri, and was involved in the efforts to raise funding for the St. Louis Science Center. The Academy uses its resources to expand scientific outreach, education, resource sharing, and the recognition of scientific accomplishment.


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title: Reeves Thoroughbred Racing hierarchical section title: Reeves Thoroughbred Racing caption reference description: Reeves Thoroughbred Racing silks content: Reeves Thoroughbred Racing is a horse racing partnership headquartered in Suwanee, Georgia, formed in 2009 by Dean and Patti Reeves. The stable and ownership partners are the owners of 2013 Breeders' Cup Classic winner Mucho Macho Man.
In September 2011, Dean Reeves hired Jonathan "Finn" Green to be the racing manager for the operation. Green worked closely with Kathy Ritvo in mapping the career of Mucho Macho Man. Ritvo has been the horse trainer for the race horses of the partnership since 2010.
Mucho Macho Man was awarded the 2013 Secretariat Vox Populi Award, recognizing the struggles the horse had overcome in reaching success, as well as the accomplishments of his connections. He was also named Florida-bred Horse of the Year for 2013, noting that he was only the third Florida-bred horse to win the Classic, after Unbridled and Skip Away. His win in the Classic was also selected as the National Thoroughbred Racing Association's "Moment of the Year."
The Reeves' are heavily involved with the Georgia Horse Racing Coalition, an organization with a mission to bring horse racing to Georgia. As of 2014, Dean Reeves is the president of the organization.


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title: Roff, Oklahoma hierarchical section title: Roff, Oklahoma caption reference description: Location of Roff, Oklahoma caption attribution description: Adapted from Wikipedia's OK county maps by Seth Ilys. caption alt text description: Location of Roff, Oklahoma content: Roff is a town in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 725 at the 2010 census.


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title: Cowboy section title: Ethnicity hierarchical section title: Cowboy / Culture / Ethnicity caption reference description: Cowboys playing a craps game content: A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the vaquero traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend. A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends the horses used to work cattle. In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos. Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world work at identical tasks and have obtained considerable respect for their achievements. Cattle handlers in many other parts of the world, particularly South America and Australia, perform work similar to the cowboy.
The cowboy has deep historic roots tracing back to Spain and the earliest European settlers of the Americas. Over the centuries, differences in terrain and climate, and the influence of cattle-handling traditions from multiple cultures, created several distinct styles of equipment, clothing and animal handling.


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title: List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City section title: National Historic Sites hierarchical section title: List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City / National Historic Sites caption attribution description: English: Martello Tower 1, located in The Battlefields Park in Québec, Quebec. Français : La tour Martello numéro 1, sur les Plaines d'Abraham, à Québec (Québec) caption alt text description: Exterior view of one of the Martello Towers content: This is a list of National Historic Sites in Quebec City, Quebec. There are 37 National Historic Sites in Quebec City and its enclaves, of which seven are administered by Parks Canada. The first National Historic Site to be designated in Quebec City was Fort Charlesbourg Royal in 1923.
Numerous National Historic Events also occurred in Quebec City, and are identified at places associated with them, using the same style of federal plaque which marks National Historic Sites. Several National Historic Persons are commemorated throughout the city in the same way. The markers do not indicate which designation—a Site, Event, or Person—a subject has been given.
National Historic Sites located elsewhere in Quebec are listed at National Historic Sites in Quebec, and, for Montreal, at National Historic Sites in Montreal.
This list uses names designated by the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board, which may differ from other names for these sites.

title: The Battlefields Park section title: Martello towers hierarchical section title: The Battlefields Park / Martello towers caption reference description: Martello Tower No. 1. Note the reconstruction of the gun, carriage, and swiveling gun carriage platform that originally surmounted the tower. caption attribution description: English: Martello Tower 1, located in The Battlefields Park in Québec, Quebec. Français : La tour Martello numéro 1, sur les Plaines d'Abraham, à Québec (Québec) content: The Battlefields Park includes the Plains of Abraham with the nearby and smaller Des Braves park, both within the district of Montcalm in Quebec City, and forms one of the few Canadian national urban parks. Its significance lies in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham and the Battle of Sainte-Foy, fought six months later on today's Des Braves park.
It was established as a park by law on March 17, 1908, it features an interpretive centre and walking trails, and is sometimes used for outdoor concerts, especially during the national festival events. The park contains a collection of about 50 historical artillery pieces scattered about its grounds. It is managed by the National Battlefields Commission, a federal government agency under the Minister of Canadian Heritage with members appointed by the Queen in her Canadian, Ontarian, and Québécois Councils. The commission also oversees its own police service since 1948.


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title: Deseret Test Center hierarchical section title: Deseret Test Center caption reference description: Deseret Test Center Logo features globe in aerosol cloud content: The Deseret Test Center was a U.S. Army operated command in charge of testing chemical and biological weapons during the 1960s. Deseret was headquartered at Fort Douglas, Utah, a former U.S. Army base.

title: Project 112 section title: Command hierarchical section title: Project 112 / Command caption reference description: Deseret Test Center Logo features globe in aerosol cloud content: Project 112 was a biological and chemical weapon experimentation project conducted by the United States Department of Defense from 1962 to 1973.
The project started under John F. Kennedy's administration, and was authorized by his Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, as part of a total review of the US military. The name "Project 112" refers to this project's number in the 150 project review process authorized by McNamara. Funding and staff were contributed by every branch of the U.S. armed services and intelligence agencies—a euphemism for the Office of Technical Services of the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Science & Technology. Canada and the United Kingdom also participated in some Project 112 activities.
Project 112 primarily concerned the use of aerosols to disseminate biological and chemical agents that could produce "controlled temporary incapacitation". The test program would be conducted on a large scale at "extracontinental test sites" in the Central and South Pacific and Alaska in conjunction with Britain, Canada and Australia.


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title: Pedro Francisco Bonó hierarchical section title: Pedro Francisco Bonó caption reference description: Bust of Pedro Francisco Bonó in Parque Independencia, Santo Domingo caption attribution description: English: Bust of Pedro Francisco Bonó y Mejía in Parque Independencia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Español: Busto de Pedro Francisco Bonó y Mejía en el Parque Independencia de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. Italiano: Busto di Pedro Francisco Bonó y Mejía nel Parque Independencia di Santo Domingo, in Repubblica Dominicana. caption alt text description: Bust of Pedro Francisco Bonó in Parque Independencia, Santo Domingo content: Pedro Francisco Bonó y Mejía was a Dominican politician, sociologist and intellectual. He is credited with being the first Dominican sociologist. He was the president of the Senate of the Dominican Republic in 1858.
Bonó was born in 1828, to Joseph Bonó and Inés Mejía y Port. His maternal grandmother, Doña Eugénie Port, a native of Brittany who had large plantations and fortune in the Saint-Domingue until the outbreak of the Haitian Revolution, taught him the French language and fashioned him intellectually.
A metro station in Santo Domingo is named after him.


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title: Montgomery Block hierarchical section title: Montgomery Block caption reference description: The interior of the building in 1958 content: The Montgomery Block built in 1853 was San Francisco's first fireproof and earthquake resistant building. It came to be known as a Bohemian center from the late 19th to the middle of the 20th century. It was located at 628 Montgomery Street, on the southeast corner of its intersection with Washington Street, today the location of the Transamerica Pyramid.
The four-story building was erected in 1853 by Henry Wager Halleck, later general in chief of the Union Army in the Civil War, in the "Barbary Coast" red-light district. Also known as the Monkey Block, it housed many well-known lawyers, financiers, writers, actors, and artists. It also hosted many illustrious visitors, among them Jack London, George Sterling, Lola Montez, Lotta Crabtree, Gelett Burgess, Maynard Dixon, Frank Norris, Ambrose Bierce, Bret Harte, the Booths, and Mark Twain. The site of Montgomery Block is now registered as a California Historical Landmark.
The four-stories Montgomery Block was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River when it was built in 1853. It was designed by architect G.P. Cummings. San Franciscans called it "Halleck's Folly" because it was built on a raft of redwood logs.


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title: Alfred von Tirpitz section title: Tirpitz Plan hierarchical section title: Alfred von Tirpitz / Naval career / State Secretary of the Imperial Navy Office / Tirpitz Plan caption reference description: Grand Admiral von Tirpitz in 1915 content: Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz was a German Grand Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916. Prussia never had a major navy, nor did the other German states before the German Empire was formed in 1871. Tirpitz took the modest Imperial Navy and, starting in the 1890s, turned it into a world-class force that could threaten Britain's Royal Navy. However, during World War I, his High Seas Fleet proved unable to end Britain's command of the sea and its chokehold on Germany's economy. The one great engagement at sea, the Battle of Jutland, ended in a narrow German tactical victory but a strategic failure. As the High Seas Fleet's limitations became increasingly apparent during the war, Tirpitz became an outspoken advocate for unrestricted submarine warfare, a policy which would ultimately bring Germany into conflict with the United States. By the beginning of 1916, he was dismissed from office and never regained power.

title: German Imperial Naval Office section title: Structure and tasks hierarchical section title: German Imperial Naval Office / Structure and tasks caption reference description: Admiral Tirpitz used the office for promotion of his ambitious naval expansion plans content: The Imperial Naval Office was a government agency of the German Empire. It was established in April 1889, when the German Imperial Admiralty was abolished and its duties divided among three new entities: the Imperial Naval High Command, the Imperial Naval Cabinet and the Imperial Naval Office performing the functions of a ministry for the Imperial German Navy.


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title: Idir section title: Early life and career hierarchical section title: Idir / Early life and career caption reference description: Idir performing in Bondy, France, in 2008 caption attribution description: English: Concert of Idir in Bondy (France) stadium Léo Langrange for Fête de la Musique and 20th edition of festival "Ya d'la banlieue dans l'air"} Français : Concert d'Idir à Bondy (France) stade Léo Langrange pour la Fête de la Musique et la 20e édition du festival "Ya d'la banlieue dans l'air" content: Hamid Cheriet, better known by his stage name Idir or Yidir, was a Kabyle singer and musician. Initially training to be a geologist, his interest for music was piqued when he was called to sing on state radio as a late substitute. After finishing his compulsory military service, he moved to France in 1975 and embarked on his career in music. Idir took a hiatus during the 1980s before returning in 1993. He was a passionate advocate of the Kabyle and Berber cultures.


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title: General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Hungary section title: Royal Hungarian Army (1922−1945) hierarchical section title: General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Hungary / Chief of General Staff / Royal Hungarian Army (1922−1945) caption attribution description: Magyar: Beregfy Károly vezérezredes caption alt text description: Károly Beregfy content: General Staff of the Armed Forces of Hungary is a joint body organised within the Ministry of Defence.
It is responsible for development, organisation, and equipping, training and functioning of the first strategic echelon and the other strategic echelon. The General Staff coordinates the tasks of the armed forces of the Republic of Hungary, develops recommendations for the planning, organisation and supervision of the Ministry’s military duties, and for the development of combat capability.
Since 2007, the Hungarian Defence Forces is under a unified command structure. The Ministry of Defence maintains the political and civilian control of the military. The military leadership is exercised by the Defence Staff of the Ministry of Defence. A subordinate Joint Forces Command is coordinating and commanding the HDF corps.

title: Minister of Defence (Hungary) section title: Government of National Unity (1944–1945) hierarchical section title: Minister of Defence (Hungary) / Ministers of Defence (1920–present) / Hungarian Kingdom (1920–1946) / Government of National Unity (1944–1945) caption attribution description: Magyar: Beregfy Károly vezérezredes content: The Minister of Defence of Hungary is a member of the Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Defence. The defence minister appoints the Chief of General Staff to the head of the Hungarian Defence Force. The current minister is Tibor Benkő.
The position was called People's Commissar of War during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and Minister of War during two short periods of Hungarian history: at the time of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and during a very short chaotic term after World War I, when three political transformations took place.
This page is a list of Ministers of Defence of Hungary.

title: Károly Beregfy hierarchical section title: Károly Beregfy caption attribution description: Magyar: Beregfy Károly vezérezredes content: Károly Beregfy was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence in the 1944–45 Arrow Cross Party government.
He was born as Károly Berger in Cservenka. He fought in the First World War where he was seriously injured. Then he joined the Hungarian Red Army to fight against the rebel nationalities. Between 1939–41, he was commandant of the Royal Military Academy.
He fought in the Second World War from 1941 as commander of the VI Corps, and later commanded the Third Army and the First Army. In April 1944 he suffered a serious defeat by the Red Army. The commission examining the reasons of the defeat established Beregfy's personal responsibility, so he was dismissed from his field command.
He sympathized with the Arrow Cross Party from the beginning, although he could not join since under Hungarian Army regulations the members of political parties could not be officers in the Hungarian Army. After Operation Margarethe Arrow Cross leader Ferenc Szálasi sought him out and asked him to assist in a coup if Miklós Horthy tried to negotiate a surrender.


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title: Gilgul section title: Expression of divine compassion hierarchical section title: Gilgul / In Kabbalah / Expression of divine compassion caption reference description: The Ark in the Ari (Isaac Luria) Ashkenazi Synagogue in Safed. Luria fully expounded the Kabbalistic doctrine of gilgul caption attribution description: Synagoge in Safed content: Gilgul/Gilgul neshamot/Gilgulei Ha Neshamot is a concept of reincarnation in Kabbalistic esoteric mysticism. In Hebrew, the word gilgul means "cycle" or "wheel" and neshamot is the plural for "souls." Souls are seen to cycle through lives or incarnations, being attached to different human bodies over time. Which body they associate with depends on their particular task in the physical world, spiritual levels of the bodies of predecessors and so on. The concept relates to the wider processes of history in Kabbalah, involving cosmic Tikkun, and the historical dynamic of ascending Lights and descending Vessels from generation to generation.
The esoteric explanations of gilgul were articulated in Jewish mysticism by Isaac Luria in the 16th century, as part of the metaphysical purpose of Creation.