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title: 1473 section title: Births hierarchical section title: 1473 / Births caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Year 1473 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. It was the 473rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 73rd year of the 15th century and the 4th year of the 1470s decade.

title: Culture of Europe section title: Renaissance Science hierarchical section title: Culture of Europe / Science / Renaissance Science caption reference description: Renaissanse-era mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The culture of Europe is rooted in the art, architecture, film, different types of music, economic, literature, and philosophy that originated from the continent of Europe. European culture is largely rooted in what is often referred to as its "common cultural heritage".

title: Physician writer section title: 15th century hierarchical section title: Physician writer / 15th century caption reference description: Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Physician writers are physicians who write creatively in fields outside their practice of medicine.
The following is a partial list of physician-writers by historic epoch or century in which the author was born, arranged in alphabetical order.

title: History of physics section title: Nicolaus Copernicus hierarchical section title: History of physics / Scientific revolution / Nicolaus Copernicus caption reference description: The Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) is remembered for his development of a heliocentric model of the Solar system. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Physics is a branch of science whose primary objects of study are matter and energy. Discoveries of physics find applications throughout the natural sciences and in technology, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world. Some other domains of study—more limited in their scope—may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.

title: Nicolaus Copernicus hierarchical section title: Nicolaus Copernicus caption reference description: The "Torun portrait" (anonymous, c. 1580), kept in Toruń town hall[a] caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer. People know Copernicus for his ideas about the sun and the earth. His main idea was that our world is heliocentric. His theory was that the sun is in the middle of the solar system, and the planets go around it. This was published in his book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in the year that he died.
Copernicus was born in 1473 in the city of Thorn in Royal Prussia, a mainly German-speaking state that was ruled by the Polish king since 1466. He was the son of the merchant Niklas Koppernigk and his wife Barbara Koppernigk. His native language was German. He was taught first in Cracow and then in Italy, where he graduated as a lawyer of the church. He also studied medicine to serve his fellow clerics. Copernicus spent most of his life working and researching in Frauenburg, Warmia, where he died in 1543.
Copernicus was one of the great polymaths of his age. He was a priest, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, jurist, physician, classical scholar, governor, administrator, diplomat, economist, and soldier. During all these jobs, he treated astronomy as a hobby.

title: Avocation section title: C hierarchical section title: Avocation / People whose avocations were not their vocations / C caption reference description: Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: An avocation is an activity that someone engages in as a hobby outside their main occupation. There are many examples of people whose professions were the ways that they made their livings, but for whom their activities outside their workplaces were their true passions in life. Occasionally, as with Lord Baden-Powell and others, people who pursue an avocation are more remembered by history for their avocation than for their professional career.
Many times a person's regular vocation may lead to an avocation. Many forms of humanitarian campaigning, such as work for organizations like Amnesty International and Greenpeace, may be done by people involved in the law or human rights issues as part of their work.
Many people involved with youth work pursue this as an avocation.

title: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica section title: Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution hierarchical section title: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica / Historical context / Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) formulated a heliocentric (or Sun-centered) model of the universe caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687. After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726. The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
The Principia is considered one of the most important works in the history of science.
The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: "The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses."

title: Culture of Poland section title: Philosophy hierarchical section title: Culture of Poland / Philosophy caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The culture of Poland is the product of its geography and distinct historical evolution, which is closely connected to its intricate thousand-year history. Polish culture forms an important part of western civilization and the western world, with significant contributions to art, music, philosophy, mathematics, science, politics and literature.
Its unique character developed as a result of its geography at the confluence of various European regions. It is theorized and speculated that ethnic Poles and the other Lechites are the combination of descendants of West Slavs and people indigenous to the region including Celts, Balts and Germanic tribes which were gradually Polonized after Poland's Christianization by the Catholic Church in the 10th century. Over time Polish culture has been profoundly influenced by its interweaving ties with the Germanic, Hungarian, Latinate and to a lesser extent; Byzantine and Ottoman cultures as well as in continual dialog with the many other ethnic groups and minorities living in Poland.
The people of Poland have traditionally been seen as hospitable to artists from abroad and eager to follow cultural and artistic trends popular in other countries.

title: History of Poland section title: Early modern Poland under Sigismund I and Sigismund II hierarchical section title: History of Poland / Jagiellonian dynasty (1385–1572) / Early modern Poland under Sigismund I and Sigismund II caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at its center caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
The roots of Polish history can be traced to the Iron Age, when the territory of present-day Poland was settled by various tribes including Celts, Scythians, Germanic clans, Sarmatians, Slavs and Balts. However, it was the West Slavic Lechites, the closest ancestors of ethnic Poles, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages. The Lechitic Western Polans, a tribe whose name means "people living in open fields", dominated the region, and gave Poland - which lies in the North-Central European Plain - its name.
The first ruling dynasty, the Piasts, emerged in the 10th century AD. Duke Mieszko I is considered the de facto creator of the Polish state and is widely recognized for his adoption of Western Christianity in 966 CE.

title: List of Catholic clergy scientists section title: A hierarchical section title: List of Catholic clergy scientists / The churchmen-scientists / A caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: This is a list of Catholic churchmen throughout history who have made contributions to science. These churchmen-scientists include Nicolaus Copernicus, Gregor Mendel, Georges Lemaître, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon, Pierre Gassendi, Roger Joseph Boscovich, Marin Mersenne, Bernard Bolzano, Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Nicole Oresme, Jean Buridan, Robert Grosseteste, Christopher Clavius, Nicolas Steno, Athanasius Kircher, Giovanni Battista Riccioli, William of Ockham, and others listed below. The Catholic Church has also produced many lay scientists and mathematicians.
The Jesuits in particular have made numerous significant contributions to the development of science. For example, the Jesuits have dedicated significant study to earthquakes, and seismology has been described as "the Jesuit science." The Jesuits have been described as "the single most important contributor to experimental physics in the seventeenth century."

title: History of philosophy in Poland section title: Renaissance hierarchical section title: History of philosophy in Poland / Renaissance caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The history of philosophy in Poland parallels the evolution of philosophy in Europe in general.

title: Poland section title: Science and technology hierarchical section title: Poland / Economy / Science and technology caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus, the 16th century Polish astronomer who formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at its center caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres, and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of nearly 38.5 million people, Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.
Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
The history of human activity on Polish soil spans thousands of years. Throughout the late antiquity period it became extensively diverse, with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain. However, it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name. The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to 966, when the pagan ruler of a realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland embraced Christianity and converted to Catholicism.

title: Definition of planet section title: Earth hierarchical section title: Definition of planet / History / Earth caption reference description: Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The definition of planet, since the word was coined by the ancient Greeks, has included within its scope a wide range of celestial bodies. Greek astronomers employed the term asteres planetai, "wandering stars", for star-like objects which apparently moved over the sky. Over the millennia, the term has included a variety of different objects, from the Sun and the Moon to satellites and asteroids.
In modern astronomy, there are two primary conceptions of a 'planet'. Disregarding the often inconsistent technical details, they are whether an astronomical body moves like a planet or whether it looks like a planet. These may be characterized as the orbital definition and the geophysical definition.
By the end of the 19th century the word planet, though it had yet to be defined, had become a working term applied only to a small set of objects in the Solar System. After 1992, however, astronomers began to discover many additional objects beyond the orbit of Neptune, as well as hundreds of objects orbiting other stars. These discoveries not only increased the number of potential planets, but also expanded their variety and peculiarity.

title: History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty section title: Golden Age of Polish culture hierarchical section title: History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty / Early Modern Era (16th century) / Culture of Polish Renaissance / Golden Age of Polish culture caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland between 1386 and 1572 spans the late Middle Ages and early Modern Era in European history. The dynasty was founded by the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila, whose marriage to Queen Jadwiga of Poland formed a Polish–Lithuanian union. The partnership brought vast territories controlled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into Poland's sphere of influence and proved beneficial for both the Polish and Lithuanian people, who coexisted and cooperated in one of the largest political entities in Europe for the next four centuries.
In the Baltic Sea region, Poland maintained an ongoing conflict with the Teutonic Knights. The struggles led to a major battle, the Battle of Grunwald of 1410, but there was also the milestone Peace of Thorn of 1466 under King Casimir IV Jagiellon; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia. In the south, Poland confronted the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Tatars, and in the east helped Lithuania fight the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Poland's and Lithuania's territorial expansion included the far north region of Livonia.

title: Nicolaus Copernicus hierarchical section title: Nicolaus Copernicus caption reference description: The "Torun portrait" (anonymous, c. 1580), kept in Toruń town hall, Poland[a] caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.
The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution.
Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland since 1466. A polyglot and polymath, he obtained a doctorate in canon law and was also a mathematician, astronomer, physician, classics scholar, translator, governor, diplomat, and economist. In 1517 he derived a quantity theory of money—a key concept in economics—and in 1519 he formulated an economic principle that later came to be called Gresham's law.

title: List of multiple discoveries section title: 13th century CE hierarchical section title: List of multiple discoveries / 13th century CE caption reference description: Copernicus caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: Historians and sociologists have remarked the occurrence, in science, of "multiple independent discovery". Robert K. Merton defined such "multiples" as instances in which similar discoveries are made by scientists working independently of each other. "Sometimes," writes Merton, "the discoveries are simultaneous or almost so; sometimes a scientist will make a new discovery which, unknown to him, somebody else has made years before."
Commonly cited examples of multiple independent discovery are the 17th-century independent formulation of calculus by Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and others, described by A. Rupert Hall; the 18th-century discovery of oxygen by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier and others; and the theory of the evolution of species, independently advanced in the 19th century by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
Multiple independent discovery, however, is not limited to such famous historic instances. Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science.

title: Copernicium section title: Naming hierarchical section title: Copernicium / History / Naming caption reference description: Nicolaus Copernicus, who formulated a heliocentric model with the planets orbiting around the Sun, replacing Ptolemy's earlier geocentric model. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń caption alt text description: a painted portrait of Copernicus content: Copernicium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Cn and atomic number 112. Its known isotopes are extremely radioactive, and have only been created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 28 seconds. Copernicium was first created in 1996 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany. It is named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.
In the periodic table of the elements, copernicium is a d-block transactinide element and a group 12 element. During reactions with gold, it has been shown to be an extremely volatile substance, so much so that it is possibly a gas or a volatile liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
Copernicium is calculated to have several properties that differ from its lighter homologues in group 12, zinc, cadmium and mercury; due to relativistic effects, it may give up its 6d electrons instead of its 7s ones, and it may have more similarities to the noble gases such as radon rather than its group 12 homologues.

title: Renaissance section title: Science hierarchical section title: Renaissance / Characteristics / Science caption reference description: Anonymous portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus (c. 1580) caption attribution description: Deutsch: Nicolaus Copernicus (Porträt aus dem Rathaus in Thorn, um 1580) English: Nicolaus Copernicus portrait from Town Hall in Toruń - 1580) Esperanto: Nikolao Koperniko (Portreto el Toruń - 1580) Polski: Mikołaj Kopernik (portret z Sali Mieszczańskiej w Ratuszu Staromiejskim w Toruniu - 1580 r.) Français : Nicolas Copernic, portrait exposé au musée de Toruń content: The Renaissance was a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was associated with great social change. In addition to the standard periodization, proponents of a long Renaissance put its beginning in the 14th century and its end in the 17th century. The traditional view focuses more on the early modern aspects of the Renaissance and argues that it was a break from the past, but many historians today focus more on its medieval aspects and argue that it was an extension of the Middle Ages.
The intellectual basis of the Renaissance was its version of humanism, derived from the concept of Roman Humanitas and the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy, such as that of Protagoras, who said that "Man is the measure of all things." This new thinking became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. Early examples were the development of perspective in oil painting and the recycled knowledge of how to make concrete.


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title: Edson Luís de Lima Souto section title: Aftermath hierarchical section title: Edson Luís de Lima Souto / Aftermath caption reference description: Body of Edson Luiz de Lima Souto, watched by students. National Archives of Brazil content: Edson Luís de Lima Souto was a Brazilian teenage student killed by the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro after a confrontation in the restaurant Calabouço, in downtown Rio de Janeiro. Edson was one of the first students to be killed by the Brazilian military government, and the aftermath of his death marked the beginning of a turbulent year for the regime, which ended with the enactment of AI-5, a decree restricting most of the basic human rights guarantees.


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title: Piave hierarchical section title: Piave caption attribution description: Piave River at Ponte Priula (comune Susegana) caption alt text description: The Piave river in Ponte Priula. content: The Piave is a river in northern Italy. It begins in the Alps and flows southeast for more of 220 kilometres into the Adriatic Sea near the city of Venice. It is the longest river of the Veneto region.


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title: Lough Conn hierarchical section title: Lough Conn caption attribution description: Location map of the Lough Conn in Ireland content: Lough Conn is a lake in County Mayo, Ireland. With an area of about 48 square kilometres, it is Ireland's seventh largest lake. With its immediate neighbour to the south, Lough Cullin, it is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the River Moy. Lough Conn is noted for its trout and salmon fishing. The ruins of a priory exist at Errew Abbey.


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title: John Wilkes (printer) hierarchical section title: John Wilkes (printer) caption reference description: Modern Asia as created and published by John Wilkes and engraver Samuel John Neele, 1796 CE content: John Wilkes was an English printer, bookseller and stationer.

title: East–West dichotomy section title: Historical concepts hierarchical section title: East–West dichotomy / Historical concepts caption reference description: In the 1700s, the Eastern world comprised the continents of Asia and Australia (New Holland). content: In sociology, the East–West dichotomy is the perceived difference between the Eastern and Western worlds. Cultural rather than geographical in division, the boundaries of East and West are not fixed, but vary according to the criteria adopted by individuals using the term. Historically, Asia was regarded as the East, and Europe was regarded as the West. Today, the "West" usually refers to Australasia, Europe, and the Americas. Used in discussing such studies as management, economics, international relations, and linguistics, the concept is criticized for overlooking regional hybridity.

title: Eastern world hierarchical section title: Eastern world caption reference description: The Eastern world in a 1796 map, which included the continents of Asia and Australia (then known as New Holland). content: Eastern world, also known as the East, is an umbrella term for various cultures or social structures, nations and philosophical systems, which vary depending on the context. It most often includes at least part of Asia or, geographically, the countries and cultures east of Europe, the Mediterranean region and Arab world, specifically in historical contexts, and in modern times in the context of Orientalism. It is often seen as a counterpart to the Western world, and correlates strongly to the southern half of the North–South divide.
The various regions included in the term are varied, hard to generalize, and do not have a single shared common heritage, as is frequently claimed for the Western world. Although the various parts of the Eastern world share many common threads, most notably being in the Global South they have never historically defined themselves collectively.
The term originally had a literal geographic meaning, referring to the eastern part of the Old World, contrasting the cultures and civilizations of Asia with those of Europe. Traditionally, this includes all of North, Southeast and East Asia, Greater Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia.

title: History of Asia section title: Early modern hierarchical section title: History of Asia / Early modern caption reference description: A 1796 map of Asia (or the "Eastern world"), which also included the continent of Australia (then known as New Holland) within its realm. content: The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe.
The coastal periphery was the home to some of the world's earliest known civilizations and religions, with each of the three regions developing early civilizations around fertile river valleys. These valleys were fertile because the soil there was rich and could bear many root crops. The civilizations in Mesopotamia, India, and China shared many similarities and likely exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the wheel. Other notions such as that of writing likely developed individually in each area. Cities, states and then empires developed in these lowlands.
The steppe region had long been inhabited by mounted nomads, and from the central steppes they could reach all areas of the Asian continent. The northern part of the continent, covering much of Siberia was also inaccessible to the steppe nomads due to the dense forests and the tundra. These areas in Siberia were very sparsely populated.

title: History of Australia section title: Early Indigenous prehistory hierarchical section title: History of Australia / Aboriginal Australia / Early Indigenous prehistory caption reference description: The continent of Australia (then known as New Holland) was incorporated within Asia in this 1796 map, engraved by Samuel John Neele and published by John Wilkes. Tasmania is wrongly shown to be attached to the mainland of Australia, at the bottom of the map. content: The history of Australia is the story of the land and peoples of the continent of Australia. Aboriginal Australians first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, and penetrated to all parts of the continent, from the rainforests in the north, the deserts of the centre, and the sub-Antarctic islands of Tasmania and Bass Strait. The artistic, musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the longest surviving such traditions in human history.
The first Torres Strait Islanders - ethnically and culturally distinct from Aboriginal Australians - arrived from what is now Papua New Guinea around 2,500 years ago, and settled in the islands of the Torres Strait and the Cape York Peninsula forming the northern tip of the Australian landmass.
The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was in 1606 by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon. Later that year, Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through, and navigated, what is now called Torres Strait and associated islands. Twenty-nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century and named the continent New Holland.

title: History of Australia (1788–1850) section title: Colonisation hierarchical section title: History of Australia (1788–1850) / Colonisation caption reference description: The continent of Australia (then known as New Holland) in a 1796 map, which was incorporated within Asia or the 'Eastern world' content: The history of Australia from 1788–1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies. European colonisation created a new dominant society in Australia in place of the pre-existing population of Aboriginal Australians.


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title: Moore County, Texas hierarchical section title: Moore County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Moore County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 21,904. The county seat is Dumas. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1892. It is named for Edwin Ward Moore, the commander of the Texas Navy.
The Dumas, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Moore County.
Moore County history is highlighted in the Window on the Plains Museum in Dumas.


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title: Michael Gannon (politician) section title: Early life hierarchical section title: Michael Gannon (politician) / Early life caption reference description: Amy England Gannon (née Pearce) content: Michael Brennan Gannon was an auctioner and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.


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title: Marc-Aurèle-Fortin (electoral district) hierarchical section title: Marc-Aurèle-Fortin (electoral district) caption reference description: Marc-Aurèle-Fortin in relation to other electoral districts in Montreal and Laval content: Marc-Aurèle-Fortin is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.


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title: Launceston, Tasmania section title: Governance hierarchical section title: Launceston, Tasmania / Governance caption reference description: Launceston Town Hall caption attribution description: English: Town hall at Launceston, Tasmania content: Launceston is a city in the north of Tasmania, Australia, at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River. With a population of 87,328, Launceston is the second most populous city in Tasmania after the state capital, Hobart, and the twelfth-largest non-capital city in Australia.
Settled by Europeans in March 1806, Launceston is one of Australia's oldest cities and it has many historic buildings. Like many places in Australia, it was named after a town in the United Kingdom – in this case, Launceston, Cornwall. Launceston also had the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere, it was the first Australian city to have underground sewers, and it was the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity. The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. Local government is split between the City of Launceston and the Meander Valley and West Tamar Councils.

title: List of cities in Oceania by population hierarchical section title: List of cities in Oceania by population caption attribution description: English: Town hall at Launceston, Tasmania content: This is a list of urban areas in Oceania with a population of over 80,000. National and territorial capitals are shown in bold type.


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title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Huelva hierarchical section title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Huelva caption reference description: Huelva Cathedral caption attribution description: Español: Catedral de Huelva content: The Diocese of Huelva is located in south-western Spain, and its borders coincide with those of the civil province of Huelva, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. The diocese forms part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Seville, and is thus suffragan to the Archdiocese of Seville.


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title: Harrington Park, New Jersey hierarchical section title: Harrington Park, New Jersey caption reference description: Census Bureau map of Harrington Park, New Jersey caption attribution description: English: U.S. Census Bureau map of Harrington Park caption alt text description: Census Bureau map of Harrington Park, New Jersey content: Harrington Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 4,664, reflecting a decrease of 76 from the 4,740 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 117 from the 4,623 counted in the 1990 Census.
Harrington Park was formed on March 29, 1904, from portions of Harrington Township and Washington Township, and parts of the borough of Closter.
The name "Harrington Park" was based on the larger Harrington Township from which it was in part derived, which in turn was based on the family name Haring, who were early settlers of the region.


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title: Dybbøl hierarchical section title: Dybbøl caption reference description: Dybbøl with the historic Dybbøl Mill content: Dybbøl is a small town with a population of 2,407 in the southeastern corner of South Jutland, Denmark. It is around 6 km west of Sønderborg. It is mainly known for being the site of a famous last stand battle in 1864.
During the Second Schleswig War in 1864, the Danish Army withdrew from the traditional fortified defence line, the Dannevirke, and marched for Dybbøl to find a more defensible position. Although much artillery was abandoned and the evacuation was executed through a snow-laden north gale in winter, the army arrived almost intact. It entrenched itself at the Dybbøl Trenches, which became the scene of the siege and subsequent Battle of Dybbøl. This battle resulted in a Prussian-Austrian victory over Denmark.
In the following peace settlement, Denmark surrendered Schleswig. Following World War I, Denmark recovered the northern part of Schleswig as a result of the Schleswig Plebiscites as described in the Treaty of Versailles.
The Dybbøl Mill is considered a Danish national symbol.


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title: Low Ki section title: Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2007–2008, 2011) hierarchical section title: Low Ki / Professional wrestling career / Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2007–2008, 2011) caption reference description: Low Ki with the 2008 Battle of Los Angeles trophy. caption attribution description: Low Ki after winning the PWG Battle of Los Angeles 2008 content: Brandon Silvestry is an American professional wrestler of Italian and Puerto Rican descent, better known by his ring name Low Ki, currently signed to Major League Wrestling. He is best known for his time as Low Ki and Senshi with Impact Wrestling, Ring of Honor and WWE as Kaval.He is overall a nineteen-time world champion in major professional wrestling promotions.
He is a one-time PWG World Champion, the inaugural ROH World Champion, one-time MLW World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time NWA World Tag Team Champion, and has won a number of tournaments and other championships on the independent circuit, and was the winner of the second season of NXT in 2010. Silvestry has also worked extensively in Japan, most notably for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he was a three-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion, and Pro Wrestling Zero-One, where he was a one-time Zero-One International Junior Heavyweight and NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Champion.


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title: Sweet Grass County, Montana hierarchical section title: Sweet Grass County, Montana caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Montana content: Sweet Grass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,651. Its county seat is Big Timber. The county was founded in 1895.


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title: Sikhism in Canada section title: Memorials hierarchical section title: Sikhism in Canada / Memorials caption reference description: NCdt Tejvinder Toor, OCdt Saajandeep Sarai and OCdt. Sarabjot Anand represent Royal Military College of Canada at Private Buckham Singh grave, an annual Sikh Remembrance Day service which is held at Mount Hope Cemetery in Kitchener, Ontario. caption attribution description: English: NCdt Tejvinder Toor, OCdt Saajandeep Sarai & OCdt. Sarabjot Anand represent Royal Military College of Canada at Private Bukan Singh grave, annual Sikh Remembrance Day service which is held at the Mount Hope Cemetery in Kitchener, Ontario content: Canadian Sikhs number roughly 500,000 people and account for roughly 1.4% of Canada's population. Canadian Sikhs are often credited for paving the path to Canada for all South Asian immigrants as well as for inadvertently creating the presence of Sikhism in the United States. Sikhism is a world religion with 27 million followers worldwide, with majority of their population in Punjab, India. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario celebrates April as Sikh Heritage Month.
The largest Sikh populations in Canada are found in British Columbia, followed by Ontario and then Alberta. However, Sikhs can be found in every province and territory within the country. As of the 2011 Census, more than half of Canada's Sikhs can be found in one of four cities: Surrey, Brampton, Calgary, and Abbotsford. British Columbia holds the distinction of being the only province or jurisdiction outside of South Asia with Sikhism as the second most followed religion among the population.


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title: The House of Mirth (1918 film) hierarchical section title: The House of Mirth (1918 film) caption reference description: Advertisement for the film caption attribution description: English: Advertisement for the American film The House of Mirth (1918) from the August 17, 1918, Motion Picture World Magazine. content: The House of Mirth is a 1918 American silent melodrama film directed by French film director Albert Capellani, starring Katherine Harris Barrymore as Lily Bart. It is a cinema adaptation of Edith Wharton's 1905 novel The House of Mirth and the first-ever cinema adaptation of any of her work. Metro Pictures put many efforts into the film in order to turn the original novel into an "All-star cast" film to earn popularity, as Metro Pictures itself announced that the film was "one of the most important productions" during 1918, and that the film contained "the strongest and the most distinguished cast ever selected for the screen". Initially, Emmy Wehlen starred in the role of Lily Bart in the film. Later, she was replaced by Katherine Harris Barrymore. The film contributed to the huge success of Metro Pictures that year. It is not known whether the film currently survives.


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title: Qarawat Bani Hassan section title: Deir ed-Derb hierarchical section title: Qarawat Bani Hassan / Archaeology / Deir ed-Derb caption reference description: Deir ed Derb, 2017 caption attribution description: English: Deir ad-Derb tomb near Qarawat Bani Hasan, West Bank. content: Qarawat Bani Hassan is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate, located thirty kilometers southwest of Nablus and 8 kilometers northwest of Salfit in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 3,801 in 2007.
Its total land area is 9,684 dunams, of which 507 dunams is built-up area. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, 10.7% of its municipal jurisdiction is under the civil administration of the Palestinian National Authority and the security of Israel, while 89.2% is under complete Israeli control.


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title: Chenggong District hierarchical section title: Chenggong District caption reference description: New Kunming City Hall in Chenggong caption attribution description: 中文: 位于呈贡区的昆明市委新址 caption alt text description: New Kunming City Hall in Chenggong content: Chenggong District is one of seven districts of the prefecture-level city of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. The district was approved to build from the dissolution of the former Chenggong County by the State Council on May 20, 2011, and situated on east bank of the Dian Lake.
Chenggong is the chief zone for Kunming, the downtown of which is almost a 20-minute drive away. It is the site of the new Kunming City Hall, and new campuses for Yunnan University and Yunnan Normal University.
Early in the district's redevelopment, much of the newly constructed housing in Chenggong was unoccupied and was reportedly one of the largest ghost towns in Asia in 2012, in a similar situation to Ordos City and the New South China Mall. It has slowly become occupied, however, in more recent years as Central Kunming has become overcrowded. Some Government departments moved to Chenggong in 2012, and a subway line connecting Chenggong to the city centre opened in 2013. By 2017, the district had become home to many more offices and residents with more redevelopment still on the horizon.


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title: Wengyuan County hierarchical section title: Wengyuan County caption reference description: Location in Shaoguan and Guangdong caption attribution description: 中文: 内容介绍：翁源县在韶关地图上的标示 原创者：zhuwq 创作日期：2005年1月 创作方法：将广东地图用扫描仪输入电脑，再将图片导入FLASH，用画笔描出轮廓，着填充，删除原图片，导出JPG图象便大工告成，这样制作的优点是，开始辛苦了点，但绘制别的县市便替换颜色即可。 caption alt text description: Location in Shaoguan and Guangdong content: Wengyuan is a county in the north of Guangdong Province, China, bordering Jiangxi to the northeast. It is under the administration of Shaoguan City.


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title: Collectivity of Saint Martin hierarchical section title: Collectivity of Saint Martin caption reference description: Location of Saint Martin in the Leeward Islands content: Saint Martin, officially the Collectivity of Saint Martin, is a new overseas collectivity of France. It was created on 22 February 2007. It is in the northern parts of the island of Saint Martin and nearby small islands. The southern half of the island is a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

title: Collectivity of Saint Martin hierarchical section title: Collectivity of Saint Martin caption reference description: Location of Saint Martin in the Leeward Islands content: The Collectivity of Saint Martin, commonly known as simply Saint Martin, is an overseas collectivity of France in the West Indies in the Caribbean. With a population of 36,286 as of January 2011 on an area of 53.2 square kilometres, it encompasses the northern 60% of the divided island of Saint Martin, and some neighbouring islets, the largest of which is Île Tintamarre. The southern 40% of the island of Saint Martin constitutes Sint Maarten, which has been a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 2010. This marks the only place in the world where France borders the Netherlands.
Before 2007, the French region of Saint Martin formed a part of the French overseas région and département of Guadeloupe. Saint Martin is separated from the island of Anguilla by the Anguilla Channel. Its capital is Marigot.


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title: Borgetto section title: History hierarchical section title: Borgetto / History caption reference description: Borgetto (foreground) and Partinico (middle of photo) caption attribution description: English: A photo of Borgetto (foreground) and Partinico (middle of photo). Italiano: Una foto di Borgetto (primo piano) e Partinico (al centro della foto). Español: Una foto de Borgetto (en primer plano) y Partinico (centro de la foto). Français : Une photo de Borgetto (au premier plan) et Partinico (au milieu de la photo). Deutsch: Ein Foto von Borgetto (Vordergrund) und Partinico (Mitte des Fotos). content: Borgetto is a small mountain Italian town of the Metropolitan City of Palermo in Sicily. As of 2012 Borgetto had an estimated population of 7,394. The town overlooks the northern coastline of Sicily.

title: Partinico section title: Notable people and places hierarchical section title: Partinico / Notable people and places caption reference description: Partinico in the center of the photo with Borgetto in the foreground caption attribution description: English: A photo of Borgetto (foreground) and Partinico (middle of photo). Italiano: Una foto di Borgetto (primo piano) e Partinico (al centro della foto). Español: Una foto de Borgetto (en primer plano) y Partinico (centro de la foto). Français : Une photo de Borgetto (au premier plan) et Partinico (au milieu de la photo). Deutsch: Ein Foto von Borgetto (Vordergrund) und Partinico (Mitte des Fotos). content: Partinico is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. It is 30 kilometres from Palermo and 71 kilometres from Trapani.


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title: Lorcán Ua Tuathail section title: Archbishop of Dublin hierarchical section title: Lorcán Ua Tuathail / Archbishop of Dublin caption reference description: St Kevins Bed, Glendalough caption attribution description: English: St. Kevins Bed at Glendalough Valley in the Wicklow Mountains National Park, Glendalough, County Wicklow, Ireland. Deutsch: St. Kevins Bed im Glendalough-Tal (Glendalough Valley), Teil des Wicklow-Mountains-Nationalparks (Wicklow Mountains National Park), Glendalough, County Wicklow, Irland. content: St. Lorcán Ua Tuathail, known in English as Saint Laurence O'Toole and in French as St. Laurent d'Eu, was Archbishop of Dublin at the time of the Norman invasion of Ireland. St. Lorcán played a prominent role in the Irish Church Reform Movement of the 12th century and mediated between the parties during and after the invasion. He was canonised in 1225 by Pope Honorius III.

title: Glendalough section title: St. Kevin's Bed hierarchical section title: Glendalough / Monuments near the Upper Lough / St. Kevin's Bed caption reference description: St. Kevin's Bed caption attribution description: English: St. Kevins Bed at Glendalough Valley in the Wicklow Mountains National Park, Glendalough, County Wicklow, Ireland. Deutsch: St. Kevins Bed im Glendalough-Tal (Glendalough Valley), Teil des Wicklow-Mountains-Nationalparks (Wicklow Mountains National Park), Glendalough, County Wicklow, Irland. content: Glendalough is a glacial valley in County Wicklow, Ireland, renowned for an Early Medieval monastic settlement founded in the 6th century by St Kevin. From 1825 to 1957, the head of the Glendalough Valley was the site of a galena lead mine. Glendalough is also a recreational area for picnics, for walking along networks of maintained trails of varying difficulty, and also for rock-climbing.


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title: Death spiral (figure skating) hierarchical section title: Death spiral (figure skating) caption reference description: Woman in catch-foot position during backward outside death spiral caption attribution description: English: Tong Jian/Pang Qing at the 2010 World Championships (SP). content: The death spiral is a figure skating term used to describe a spin involving two partners. One partner lowers the other partner while the partner getting close to the ice arches backward on one foot. It was created by German professional skater Charlotte Oelschlägel and her husband Curt Newmann in the 1920s. Suzanne Morrow and Wallace Diestelmeyer from Canada were the first pair team to perform the death spiral one-handed, at the 1948 Olympic Games. In the 1960s, Soviet pair team Liudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov created three death spirals: "the backward-inside, forward-inside and forward-outside death spirals, which they originally named the Cosmic Spiral, Life Spiral and Love Spiral, respectively".


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title: Golden Gate Park section title: De Young Museum hierarchical section title: Golden Gate Park / Music Concourse area / De Young Museum caption reference description: The De Young Museum photographed on a foggy night in 2015. caption attribution description: English: De Young Museum at Night 2015 - GGP class content: Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, United States, is a large urban park consisting of 1,017 acres of public grounds. It is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department, which began in 1871 to oversee the development of Golden Gate Park. Configured as a rectangle, it is similar in shape to but 20 percent larger than Central Park in New York City, to which it is often compared. It is over three miles long east to west, and about half a mile north to south. With 24 million visitors annually, Golden Gate is the third most-visited city park in the United States after Central Park and the Lincoln Memorial.


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title: Frank Rennicke hierarchical section title: Frank Rennicke caption reference description: Frank Rennicke caption attribution description: English: Frank Rennicke with guitar in front of countryside background. Deutsch: Frank Rennicke mit Gitarre vor ländlichem Hintergrund. content: Frank Rennicke is a German songwriter and ballad singer from Braunschweig in Lower Saxony. He is one of the key figures within the far-right extremism scene in Germany, and describes himself as a "national bard".
Rennicke, who sings and plays guitar, is heavily influenced by the musical style of older German left-wing singer-songwriters such as Reinhard Mey. He has said that Mey is his role model musically. He is married and has eight children.


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title: Richard II (2012 film) section title: Production hierarchical section title: Richard II (2012 film) / Production caption reference description: St David's Cathedral during the filming of Richard II in June 2011 caption attribution description: English: St David's Cathedral, shuttered and cloaked for the filming of a BBC production of Richard II in June 2011. content: Richard II is a 2012 British television film based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It is the first of four television adaptations of Shakespeare's second history tetralogy commissioned by BBC Two under the series title The Hollow Crown. Richard II was directed by Rupert Goold, who adapted the screenplay with Ben Power. Ben Whishaw stars as the titular Richard II of England. It was first broadcast on 30 June 2012 on BBC2.
Whishaw's performance earned him the 2013 British Academy Television Award for Leading Actor. The program was also nominated for the Best Single Drama award.


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title: List of cities and towns in Bulgaria section title: List hierarchical section title: List of cities and towns in Bulgaria / List caption attribution description: Български: Църква "Свети Кирил и Методий", Костинброд, България English: Church "Saint Cyril and Methodius", Kostinbrod, Bulgaria content: This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold. Primary sources are the National Statistical Institute and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
The largest city is Sofia with about 1.3 million inhabitants and the smallest is Melnik with about 300. Smallest towns are not necessarily larger than all villages as many villages are more populous than many towns, compare Lozen, a large village with more than 5,000 inhabitants.

title: List of settlements in Bulgaria hierarchical section title: List of settlements in Bulgaria caption attribution description: Български: Църква "Свети Кирил и Методий", Костинброд, България English: Church "Saint Cyril and Methodius", Kostinbrod, Bulgaria content: This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold.


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title: McMaster Faculty of Engineering section title: History hierarchical section title: McMaster Faculty of Engineering / History caption reference description: John Hodging Engineering Building prior to renovation in 2016 caption attribution description: John Hodgins Engineering Building, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON content: The Faculty of Engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont., is known for innovative educational programming, such as its five-year engineering and management program, and for its research and engagement with industry and community. Established in 1958, its institutes, centres and laboratories have collaborated on numerous research projects with the public and private sectors. It has the distinction of being the first engineering program to have included problem-based learning into its teaching, importing it from the McMaster University Medical School where it was first developed. The Faculty is home to 1 Canada Excellence Research Chair, 13 Canada Research Chairs, 4 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council chairs, and 14 Endowed Chairs.

title: McMaster University section title: Academics hierarchical section title: McMaster University / Academics caption reference description: The John Hodgins Building houses several facilities for the university's Faculty of Engineering caption attribution description: John Hodgins Engineering Building, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON content: McMaster University is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on 121 hectares of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, adjacent to the Royal Botanical Gardens. It operates six academic faculties: the DeGroote School of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Social Science, and Science. It is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.
The university bears the name of William McMaster, a prominent Canadian senator and banker who bequeathed C$900,000 to its founding. It was incorporated under the terms of an act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1887, merging the Toronto Baptist College with Woodstock College. It opened in Toronto in 1890. Inadequate facilities and the gift of land in Hamilton prompted its relocation in 1930. The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec controlled the university until it became a privately chartered, publicly funded non-denominational institution in 1957.
McMaster University has over 27,000 undergraduate and over 4,000 post-graduate students. Alumni and former students reside across Canada and in 139 countries.


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title: San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church (Quezon City) hierarchical section title: San Nicolas de Tolentino Parish Church (Quezon City) caption reference description: San Nicolás de Tolentino Parish caption attribution description: English: The Provincialate House of the Philippine Province of the OAR. content: San Nicolas de Tolentino is a parish church in Quezon City. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cubao, under the Vicariate of Sto. Nino. It is under the care of the Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno.
The parish was named after San Nicolas de Tolentino, the patron saint of the poor souls in purgatory, whose feast day is celebrated on 10 September. Recollect fathers expanded their apostolate by building a church, which later became the center of a sprawling parish extending from Visayas Avenue in the east, to Mindanao Avenue in the west, from Carmel II in the south to Tandang Sora in the north.
Established on April 30, 1975, it was on May 11, 1975, that Fr. Alejandro Ramirez, OAR, was installed as the first parish priest, with Fr. Antonio Ausejo, OAR, and Fr. Clemente Jubera, OAR, as assistants. In response to the demand of the faithful, the parish was divided in two: Our Father Parish and Our Lady of Annunciation Parish were created within the San Nicholas de Tolentino territory. The Parish Priest is Father Delfin Castillo, OAR with estimated population of 10, 000 Catholics.

title: Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno hierarchical section title: Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno caption reference description: San Nicolás de Tolentino Parish, the Provincial House of the Order of Augustinian Recollects in the Philippines caption attribution description: English: The Provincialate House of the Philippine Province of the OAR. content: The Augustinian Recollect Province of Saint Ezequiél Moreno is a division of the Order of Augustinian Recollects that has jurisdiction over the Philippines, Taiwan and Sierra Leone. It officially separated from the Province of Saint Nicholas de Tolentine on 28 November 1998. Today, the Provincialate House is located at the San Nicolas De Tolentino Parish Church on Neptune Street, Congressional Subdivision, Project 6, Quezon City.


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title: Cecil Healy section title: Military career hierarchical section title: Cecil Healy / Military career caption reference description: A military photograph of Healy. caption attribution description: English: Studio portrait lantern slide of Warrant Officer Cecil Healy, the Australian Champion swimmer who was killed in action near Peronne on 29 August 1918. On 15 September 1915 Healy enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force and after service as a quartermaster sergeant in the Army Service Corps in Egypt and France he transferred to the infantry officer school at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he swam, rowed, boxed and played rugby. On 1 June 1918 he was commissioned second lieutenant in the 19th (Sportsman's) Battalion and was killed in his first action. Healy won a gold medal at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm in the 4x200 m freestyle relay and a silver medal in the 100 m freestyle events. This slide is one of a series used in a 1917 recruiting campaign to encourage sportsmen to enlist in a sportsmen's unit, such as had been successfully raised in England. The concept was not as popular in Australia. content: Cecil Patrick Healy was an Australian freestyle swimmer of the 1900s and 1910s, who won silver in the 100 m freestyle at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He also won gold in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. He was killed in the First World War at the Somme during an attack on a German trench. Healy was the second swimmer behind Frederick Lane to represent Australia in Swimming and has been allocated the number "2" by Swimming Australia on a list of all Australians who have represented Australia at an Open International Level.


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title: Marian Mercer hierarchical section title: Marian Mercer caption reference description: From The Sandy Duncan Show (1972). Front, L-R: Pam Zarit, Sandy Duncan, Tom Bosley. Back: M. Emmet Walsh, Marian Mercer caption attribution description: Publicity photo of The Sandy Duncan Show cast. Front, from left: Pam Zarit, Sandy Duncan, Tom Bosley. Back, from left: M. Emmet Walsh, Marian Mercer. content: Marian Ethel Mercer was an American actress and singer.

title: The Sandy Duncan Show section title: The Sandy Duncan Show hierarchical section title: The Sandy Duncan Show / The Sandy Duncan Show caption reference description: The show's cast. caption attribution description: Publicity photo of The Sandy Duncan Show cast. Front, from left: Pam Zarit, Sandy Duncan, Tom Bosley. Back, from left: M. Emmet Walsh, Marian Mercer. content: Funny Face and The Sandy Duncan Show are two American sitcoms aired by CBS starring Sandy Duncan as part of its 1971 and 1972 fall lineups, respectively. Both series were created and produced by Carl Kleinschmitt.
In the spring of 1971, after having appeared in numerous television commercials and having a great success on Broadway in the 1970 revival of The Boy Friend, Sandy Duncan's show business career was quickly ascending. She had just completed her first major motion picture - The Million Dollar Duck for Walt Disney and was about to start on her second film - the screen adaptation of the Neil Simon play Star Spangled Girl which was to be produced and released by Paramount Pictures. Duncan was also signed by Paramount to film a television pilot loosely based on the 1957 film musical Funny Face which they hoped would be picked up by CBS to be part of their 1971–1972 fall television schedule. A pilot was filmed in the spring of 1971 and CBS executives were very enthusiastic. As a result, Duncan was already being touted by the network as the brightest new star of the 1971 fall season.


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title: Rosemount Hospital section title: History hierarchical section title: Rosemount Hospital / History caption reference description: Duke and Duchess of York spend an afternoon with sick and invalid Diggers, 1927 content: Rosemount Hospital is a heritage-listed hospital at 189 Lutwyche Road, Windsor, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1850s to 1940s. It is also known as Rosemount, Rosemount Military Hospital, and Rosemount Repatriation General Hospital. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.


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title: Pineville, Missouri hierarchical section title: Pineville, Missouri caption reference description: Location within McDonald County and Missouri content: Pineville is a city in and the county seat of McDonald County, Missouri, United States. The population was 791 at the 2010 census.


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title: Lagoa do Jequiá Marine Extractive Reserve hierarchical section title: Lagoa do Jequiá Marine Extractive Reserve caption reference description: Fishers in the reserve caption attribution description: Português: Vigiando o pescado English: watching the fish content: The Lagoa do Jequiá Marine Extractive Reserve Portuguese: Reserva Extrativista Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá is a coastal marine extractive reserve in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.


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title: Alvar Aalto section title: Critique of Aalto's architecture hierarchical section title: Alvar Aalto / Critique of Aalto's architecture caption reference description: Alvar Aalto portrayed on a stamp published in 1976 caption attribution description: English: Postage stamp depicting Finnish architect Alvar Aalto content: Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto was a Finnish architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings. He never regarded himself as an artist, seeing painting and sculpture as "branches of the tree whose trunk is architecture." Aalto's early career ran in parallel with the rapid economic growth and industrialization of Finland during the first half of the 20th century. Many of his clients were industrialists, among them the Ahlström-Gullichsen family. The span of his career, from the 1920s to the 1970s, is reflected in the styles of his work, ranging from Nordic Classicism of the early work, to a rational International Style Modernism during the 1930s to a more organic modernist style from the 1940s onwards. Typical for his entire career is a concern for design as a Gesamtkunstwerk, a total work of art, in which he – together with his first wife Aino Aalto – would design the building, and give special treatment to the interior surfaces, furniture, lamps and glassware.


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title: Seaford, New York hierarchical section title: Seaford, New York caption reference description: Location in Nassau County and the state of New York content: Seaford is a census-designated place within both Oyster Bay and Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 15,294 at the 2010 census. It is serviced by the Seaford Station on the Long Island Rail Road.


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title: Cucuteni–Trypillia culture section title: Textiles hierarchical section title: Cucuteni–Trypillia culture / Technology and material culture / Textiles caption reference description: Reconstructed Cucuteni–Trypillia loom caption attribution description: English: Cucuteni Vertical Loom Reconstruction Piatra nNamt content: The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, also known as the Tripolye culture, is a Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture of Eastern Europe.
It extended from the Carpathian Mountains to the Dniester and Dnieper regions, centred on modern-day Moldova and covering substantial parts of western Ukraine and northeastern Romania, encompassing an area of 350,000 km², with a diameter of 500 km.
The majority of Cucuteni–Trypillia settlements consisted of high-density, small settlements, concentrated mainly in the Siret, Prut and Dniester river valleys.
During the Middle Trypillia phase, populations belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture built the largest settlements in Neolithic Europe, some of which contained as many as three thousand structures and were possibly inhabited by 20,000 to 46,000 people.
One of the most notable aspects of this culture was the periodic destruction of settlements, with each single-habitation site having a lifetime of roughly 60 to 80 years.

title: Warp-weighted loom section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Warp-weighted loom / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Cucuteni Vertical Loom Reconstruction Piatra nNamt content: The warp-weighted loom is a simple and ancient form of loom in which the warp yarns hang freely from a bar supported by upright poles which can be placed at a convenient slant against a wall. Bundles of warp threads are tied to hanging weights called loom weights which keep the threads taut. Evidence of the warp-weighted loom appears in the Neolithic period in central Europe. It is depicted in artifacts of Bronze Age Greece and was common throughout Europe, remaining in use in Scandinavia into modern times. Loom weights from the Bronze Age were excavated in Miletos, a Greek city in Anatolia.


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title: Edward Knight Collins hierarchical section title: Edward Knight Collins caption reference description: Edward Knight Collins caption attribution description: English: Edward Knight Collins content: Edward Knight Collins I was an American shipping magnate.

title: SS Arctic disaster section title: New York hierarchical section title: SS Arctic disaster / New York caption reference description: Edward Knight Collins, founder of the Collins Line, whose wife and two children were drowned in the disaster caption attribution description: English: Edward Knight Collins content: The paddle steamer SS Arctic, owned by the Collins Line of New York, sank on September 27, 1854 after a collision with SS Vesta, a much smaller vessel, 50 miles off the coast of Newfoundland. Passenger and crew lists indicate that there were probably more than 400 on board; of these, only 88 survived, most of whom were members of the crew. All the women and children on board perished.
Arctic was the largest and most celebrated of the four Collins steamers that had operated a regular transatlantic passenger and mail carrying service since 1850. After the collision, Arctic's captain, James Luce, first attempted to assist the stricken Vesta, which he believed was in imminent danger of sinking. When he discovered that his own ship had been seriously holed below the waterline, he decided to run her towards the nearest land, in the hopes of reaching safety. His plan failed; the engines stopped when the ship was still a considerable distance from land.


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title: UEA Law School hierarchical section title: UEA Law School caption reference description: Earlham Hall, home to UEA Law School caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: UEA Law School, founded in 1977, is a school within the University of East Anglia, dedicated to research and teaching in law. It is located in Earlham Hall, a seventeenth-century mansion situated on the edge of the UEA campus. From mid-2010 to early 2014, the school was temporarily located in the Blackdale School Building owing to essential renovation work. In national league tables UEA Law School has most recently been ranked 7th in the UK by The Guardian, placing it as one of the top law schools in the country.

title: Edward Bacon (died 1786) hierarchical section title: Edward Bacon (died 1786) caption reference description: Earlham Hall caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: Edward Bacon was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1748 and 1784.
Bacon was the son of Waller Bacon of Earlham, Norfolk. He entered Gray's Inn in 1731. His father died in 1734 and he inherited Earlham Hall. In 1738 he was called to the bar. He married Elizabeth Knight of Southampton on 4 September 1742
Bacon's father had represented Norwich from 1705 to 1734 and in 1739 Bacon was invited to stand with Tory support against the sitting Whig Members for the town. He waited until he had consulted Horace Walpole, the senior sitting Member, who arranged for him to be brought in as Member of Parliament for Kings Lynn in 1742, sitting until the 1747 general election. He was then returned as MP for Callington in a by-election on 21 April 1748 on the Walpole interest. He became Steward of Norwich in 1750 and recorder in 1752, holding the post until 1783.
In 1754 Bacon was again invited to stand for Norwich, but declined in order to oblige Pelham, who provided him with another seat at Newport in the 1754 general election. He became bencher of his Inn in 1755.

title: List of universities in the United Kingdom section title: Universities alphabetically hierarchical section title: List of universities in the United Kingdom / Universities alphabetically caption reference description: Earlham Hall at the University of East Anglia caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: This is a list of universities in the United Kingdom. Below that are lists of university colleges and other recognised bodies, followed by a list of defunct institutions.

title: University of East Anglia section title: 1980s hierarchical section title: University of East Anglia / History / 1980s caption reference description: Earlham Hall, childhood home of Elizabeth Fry, is now home to UEA Law School. caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: The University of East Anglia is a public research university in Norwich, England. Established in 1963 on a 320 acres campus west of the city centre, the university has four faculties and 26 schools of study. The annual income of the institution for 2016–17 was £273.7 million of which £35.6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £262.6 million.

title: John Gurney (1749–1809) section title: Biography hierarchical section title: John Gurney (1749–1809) / Biography caption reference description: Earlham Hall, residence of John Gurney and childhood home of his daughter Elizabeth Fry caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: John Gurney was an English banker and member of the Gurney family of Norwich. Besides his role as a partner in Gurney's bank he is notable as the father of the social reformers Elizabeth Fry and Joseph John Gurney, the writer Louisa Hoare and the banker Samuel Gurney.

title: List of University of East Anglia alumni hierarchical section title: List of University of East Anglia alumni caption reference description: Earlham Hall, home to UEA Law School. caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: This List of University of East Anglia alumni includes graduates and non-graduate former students of the University of East Anglia. The list includes one current monarch and former Prime Minister, two de facto heads of state, two former Leaders of the House of Lords, two further Members of the House of Lords, nine Members of the House of Commons, and 28 Cabinet Ministers from 23 foreign nations, including one Vice President, one Deputy Prime Minister, four Foreign Ministers, four Finance Ministers, one Defence Minister, six Education Ministers, two Health Ministers, two Interior Ministers, and a Central Bank Governor. The list also includes one Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine and President of the Royal Society, two Lasker Award winners, and a further eight Fellows of the Royal Society. Literary alumni include one Nobel laureate in Literature, three Man Booker Prize winners, 11 Costa Book Award winners, and three Caine Prize winners.

title: Earlham Hall hierarchical section title: Earlham Hall caption reference description: Earlham Hall at the University of East Anglia, the childhood home of Elizabeth Fry caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: Earlham Hall is a country house in Norfolk, England. It is located just to the west of the city of Norwich, on Earlham Road, on the outskirts of the village of Earlham. For generations it was the home of the Gurney family. The Gurneys were known as bankers and social activists; prison reformer Elizabeth Fry grew up at Earlham Hall. When the University of East Anglia was founded in 1963, the building became its administrative centre, and it now serves as the law school.

title: Gurney family (Norwich) section title: History hierarchical section title: Gurney family (Norwich) / History caption reference description: Earlham Hall, residence of John Gurney (1749–1809) and childhood home of his daughter Elizabeth Fry caption attribution description: English: Earlham Hall, site of the Law School of the University of East Anglia. content: The Gurneys were an influential family of English Quakers, who had a major part in the development of Norwich. They established Gurney's Bank in 1770, which merged into Barclays in 1896. Members of the family still live in the United Kingdom.


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title: Caetano Veloso section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Caetano Veloso / Biography caption reference description: Caetano Veloso at the III Popular Music Festival, 1967. National Archives of Brazil. content: Caetano Emanuel Viana Telles Veloso is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo, which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s, at the beginning of the Brazilian military dictatorship. He has remained a constant creative influence and best-selling performing artist and composer ever since. Veloso has won nine Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards. On November 14, 2012, Veloso was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year.
Veloso was one of seven children born into the family of José Telles Velloso, a government official, and Claudionor Viana Telles Veloso, a housewife. He was born in the city of Santo Amaro da Purificação, in Bahia, a state in the eastern area of Brazil, but moved to Salvador, the state capital, as a college student in the mid-1960s. Soon after that, Veloso won a music contest and was signed to his first label. He became one of the founders of Tropicalismo with a group of several other musicians and artists—including his sister Maria Bethânia—in the same period.

title: Tropicália section title: Musical movement hierarchical section title: Tropicália / Musical movement caption reference description: Caetano Veloso performing at the third Popular Music Festival, October 21, 1967. Brazilian National Archives. content: Tropicália, also known as Tropicalismo, was a Brazilian artistic movement that arose in the late 1960s and formally ended in 1968. Though music was its chief expression, the movement was not solely expressed so, as it enveloped other art forms such as film, theatre, and poetry. Tropicália was characterized by the amalgamation of Brazilian genres—notably the union of the popular and the avant-garde, as well as the melding of Brazilian tradition and foreign traditions and styles.
The term Tropicália has multiple connotations in that it played on images of Brazil being that of a "tropical paradise." Tropicalia was presented as a "field for reflection on social history." Today, Tropicália is chiefly associated with the musical faction of the movement, which merged Brazilian and African rhythms with British and American psychedelia and pop rock.
The movement was begun by a group of musicians from Bahia notably Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Tom Zé, and the poet-lyricist Torquato Neto. Later the group moved from Salvador to São Paulo where they met with collaborators Os Mutantes and Rogério Duprat among others.


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title: Three Communiqués section title: 2nd hierarchical section title: Three Communiqués / 2nd caption reference description: Deng Xiaoping and Jimmy Carter during the Sino-American signing ceremony content: The Three Communiqués or Three Joint Communiqués are a collection of three joint statements made by the governments of the United States and the People's Republic of China. The communiqués played a crucial role in the establishment of relations between the U.S. and the P.R.C. and continue to be an essential element in dialogue between the two states.