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title: Rice Owls football section title: Texas hierarchical section title: Rice Owls football / Rivalries / Texas caption reference description: Rice v Texas game in 2006 caption attribution description: College football game - The University of Texas Longhorns vs the Rice University Owls, 16 September 2006. content: The Rice Owls football program represents Rice University in the sport of American football. The team competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level and have competed in Conference USA's Western Division since 2005. Rice Stadium, built in 1950, hosts the Owls' home football games.

title: Rice University section title: Athletics hierarchical section title: Rice University / Athletics caption reference description: The Owls in a game against the Texas Longhorns caption attribution description: College football game - The University of Texas Longhorns vs the Rice University Owls, 16 September 2006. content: William Marsh Rice University, commonly known as Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas. The university is situated on a 300-acre campus near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.
Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is a research university with an undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on education is demonstrated by a small student body and 6:1 student-faculty ratio. The university has a very high level of research activity, with $156 million in sponsored research funding in 2019. Rice is noted for its applied science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science, and nanotechnology. In 2010, it was ranked first in the world in materials science research by Times Higher Education. Rice is a member of the Association of American Universities since 1985 and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".
The university is organized into eleven residential colleges and eight schools of academic study, including the Wiess School of Natural Sciences, the George R.


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title: Terraforming of Venus hierarchical section title: Terraforming of Venus caption reference description: Artist's conception of a terraformed Venus. The cloud formations are depicted assuming the planet's rotation has not been accelerated. caption attribution description: A conceptual picture I made of Venus if it were terraformed. (Credit: Daein Ballard) Notice the interesting cloud formations and that the planet has polar caps. I decided to show the planet this way after studying Venus' atmosphere. The two Hadley cells the planet has stop at 70 degrees north and south. So the polar regions are cut off from the warm air. Also the slow rotation of the planet causes the clouds to whip around the planet very fast, especially at the equator, to balance out the temperature difference between day and night sides of the planet. content: The terraforming of Venus is the hypothetical process of engineering the global environment of the planet Venus in such a way as to make it suitable for human habitation. Terraforming Venus was first scholarly proposed by the astronomer Carl Sagan in 1961, although fictional treatments, such as The Big Rain of The Psychotechnic League by novelist Poul Anderson, preceded it. Adjustments to the existing environment of Venus to support human life would require at least three major changes to the planet's atmosphere:
Reducing Venus' surface temperature of 462 °C
Eliminating most of the planet's dense 9.2 MPa carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide atmosphere via removal or conversion to some other form
The addition of breathable oxygen to the atmosphere.
These three changes are closely interrelated because Venus' extreme temperature is due to the high pressure of its dense atmosphere and the greenhouse effect.

title: Colonization of Venus section title: Terraforming hierarchical section title: Colonization of Venus / Terraforming caption reference description: Artist's conception of a terraformed Venus. The cloud formations are depicted assuming the planet's rotation has not been sped up. caption attribution description: A conceptual picture I made of Venus if it were terraformed. (Credit: Daein Ballard) Notice the interesting cloud formations and that the planet has polar caps. I decided to show the planet this way after studying Venus' atmosphere. The two Hadley cells the planet has stop at 70 degrees north and south. So the polar regions are cut off from the warm air. Also the slow rotation of the planet causes the clouds to whip around the planet very fast, especially at the equator, to balance out the temperature difference between day and night sides of the planet. content: The colonization of Venus has been a subject of many works of science fiction since before the dawn of spaceflight, and is still discussed from both a fictional and a scientific standpoint. However, with the discovery of Venus's extremely hostile surface environment, attention has largely shifted towards the colonization of the Moon and Mars instead, with proposals for Venus focused on colonies floating in the upper-middle atmosphere and on terraforming.

title: Earth analog section title: Terraforming hierarchical section title: Earth analog / Terraforming caption reference description: Artist's conception of a terraformed Venus, a potential Earth analog caption attribution description: A conceptual picture I made of Venus if it were terraformed. (Credit: Daein Ballard) Notice the interesting cloud formations and that the planet has polar caps. I decided to show the planet this way after studying Venus' atmosphere. The two Hadley cells the planet has stop at 70 degrees north and south. So the polar regions are cut off from the warm air. Also the slow rotation of the planet causes the clouds to whip around the planet very fast, especially at the equator, to balance out the temperature difference between day and night sides of the planet. content: Before the scientific search for and study of extrasolar planets, the possibility was argued through philosophy and science fiction. The mediocrity principle suggests that planets like Earth should be common in the Universe, while the Rare Earth hypothesis suggests that they are extremely rare. The thousands of exoplanetary star systems discovered so far are profoundly different from our solar system, supporting the Rare Earth hypothesis.
Philosophers have pointed out that the size of the universe is such that a near-identical planet must exist somewhere. In the far future, technology may be used by humans to artificially produce an Earth analog by terraforming. The multiverse theory suggests that an Earth analog could exist in another universe or even be another version of Earth itself in a parallel universe.
On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away.

title: Terraforming section title: Venus hierarchical section title: Terraforming / Prospective targets / Venus caption reference description: Artist's conception of a terraformed Venus caption attribution description: A conceptual picture I made of Venus if it were terraformed. (Credit: Daein Ballard) Notice the interesting cloud formations and that the planet has polar caps. I decided to show the planet this way after studying Venus' atmosphere. The two Hadley cells the planet has stop at 70 degrees north and south. So the polar regions are cut off from the warm air. Also the slow rotation of the planet causes the clouds to whip around the planet very fast, especially at the equator, to balance out the temperature difference between day and night sides of the planet. content: Terraforming or terraformation of a planet, moon, or other body is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying its atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology to be similar to the environment of Earth to make it habitable by Earth-like life.
The concept of terraforming developed from both science fiction and actual science. The term was coined by Jack Williamson in a science-fiction short story published during 1942 in Astounding Science Fiction, but the concept may pre-date this work.
Even if the environment of a planet could be altered deliberately, the feasibility of creating an unconstrained planetary environment that mimics Earth on another planet has yet to be verified. Mars is usually considered to be the most likely candidate for terraforming. Much study has been done concerning the possibility of heating the planet and altering its atmosphere, and NASA has even hosted debates on the subject. Several potential methods of altering the climate of Mars may fall within humanity's technological capabilities, but at present the economic resources required to do so are far beyond that which any government or society is willing to allocate to it.

title: Space colonization section title: Venus hierarchical section title: Space colonization / Location / The inner planets / Venus caption reference description: Artist's impression of a terraformed Venus caption attribution description: A conceptual picture I made of Venus if it were terraformed. (Credit: Daein Ballard) Notice the interesting cloud formations and that the planet has polar caps. I decided to show the planet this way after studying Venus' atmosphere. The two Hadley cells the planet has stop at 70 degrees north and south. So the polar regions are cut off from the warm air. Also the slow rotation of the planet causes the clouds to whip around the planet very fast, especially at the equator, to balance out the temperature difference between day and night sides of the planet. content: Space colonization is permanent human habitation and exploitation of natural resources off the planet Earth.
Many arguments have been made for and against space colonization. The two most common in favor of colonization are survival of human civilization and the biosphere in the event of a planetary-scale disaster, and the availability of additional resources in space that could enable expansion of human society. The most common objections to colonization include concerns that the commodification of the cosmos may be likely to enhance the interests of the already powerful, including major economic and military institutions, and to exacerbate pre-existing detrimental processes such as wars, economic inequality, and environmental degradation.
No space colonies have been built so far. Currently, the building of a space colony would present a set of huge technological and economic challenges. Space settlements would have to provide for nearly all the material needs of hundreds or thousands of humans, in an environment out in space that is very hostile to human life.


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title: West Hempstead, New York section title: Geography hierarchical section title: West Hempstead, New York / Geography caption reference description: U.S. Census Map caption attribution description: English: U.S. Census 2000 reference map for West Hempstead, New York content: West Hempstead is a hamlet and census-designated place in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 18,862 at the 2010 census. West Hempstead is an unincorporated area in the Town of Hempstead and is represented by Councilman Edward Ambrosino.


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title: Hillersjö stone section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Hillersjö stone / Gallery caption attribution description: Svenska: Upplands Runinskrifter 29, Hillersjö gård, Hilleshög s:n. This is a picture of an archaeological site or a monument in Sweden, number Hilleshög 41:1 in the RAÄ Fornsök database. content: The Hillersjö stone, listed in the Rundata catalog as U 29 and located at Hillersjö, which is about four kilometers north of Stenhamra on Färingsö, is a runic Younger Futhark inscription that tells, in Old Norse, the tragic real life family saga of Gerlög and her daughter Inga. It is the longest runic inscription in Uppland and the second longest one in Sweden after the Rök runestone.


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title: Ochapowace 71-44 hierarchical section title: Ochapowace 71-44 caption reference description: Location in Saskatchewan content: Ochapowace 71-44 is an Indian reserve of the Ochapowace Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 16 kilometers northwest of Esterhazy. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.


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title: Sungai Besi hierarchical section title: Sungai Besi caption reference description: Tin mining in Sungei Besi circa 1910 content: Sungai Besi or Sungei Besi is a town in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The deepest tin mine in Malaysia is located here. Sungai Besi was a historical mining town with many heavy industries such as steelworks, waste steel plants and other steel industries. The town has since developed from a large area of village settlements.

title: History of Kuala Lumpur section title: Yap Ah Loy hierarchical section title: History of Kuala Lumpur / Pre-independence era (1857-1957) / Yap Ah Loy caption reference description: Tin mining in Sungei Besi circa 1910 content: Kuala Lumpur is the largest city in Malaysia; it is also the nation's capital. The history of Kuala Lumpur began in the middle of the 19th century with the rise of the tin mining industry, and boomed in the early 20th century with the development of rubber plantations in Selangor. It became the capital of Selangor, later the Federated Malay States, and then Malayan Union, and finally Malaya and Malaysia.


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title: Helene Stähelin hierarchical section title: Helene Stähelin caption reference description: Left to right: Alfred Rosenblatt [es], Helene Stähelin (in background), Angelo Tonolo [it], and J. Züllig, at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Zürich 1932 content: Helene Stähelin was a Swiss mathematician, teacher, and peace activist.
Between 1948 and 1967, she was president of the Swiss section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and its representative in the Swiss Peace Council.


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title: History of health care reform in the United States section title: 1930s–1950s hierarchical section title: History of health care reform in the United States / Federal health care proposals / 1930s–1950s caption reference description: April 1949 letter from President Harry Truman defending his Fair Deal proposal for a national compulsory health insurance program.[13] content: The history of health care reform in the United States has spanned many decades with health care reform having been the subject of political debate since the early part of the 20th century. Recent reforms remain an active political issue. Alternative reform proposals were offered by both of the major candidates in the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections.


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title: Ablanitsa, Blagoevgrad Province section title: Religion hierarchical section title: Ablanitsa, Blagoevgrad Province / Religion caption reference description: The mosque in Ablanitsa caption attribution description: Български: Джамията в центъра на с. Абланица, област Благоевград, България English: The mosque in the centre of village Ablanitsa, Blagoevgrad District, Bulgaria content: Ablanitsa is a village in Hadzhidimovo Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria.


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title: St John the Baptist Anglican Church, Richmond section title: Description hierarchical section title: St John the Baptist Anglican Church, Richmond / Description caption reference description: Children attending Sunday School at the Church of England in Richmond, circa 1914 content: St John the Baptist Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at Crawford Street, Richmond, Shire of Richmond, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1909 by Mr Moore of Hughenden. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 February 2000.


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title: Metro Junction Mall hierarchical section title: Metro Junction Mall caption reference description: Mall as seen from across the street caption attribution description: English: Metro Mall as seen from across the road. content: Metro Junction Mall is a shopping mall located in Kalyan, Thane district, India. It is the first mall in Kalyan. The mall was inaugurated in April 2008 and has an area of 550,000 square feet.

title: List of shopping malls in India section title: Maharashtra hierarchical section title: List of shopping malls in India / Maharashtra caption attribution description: English: Metro Mall as seen from across the road. content: This is a list of shopping malls in India, sortable by name, location, year opened and size.


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title: Artigas, Uruguay hierarchical section title: Artigas, Uruguay caption attribution description: English: Coat of Arms of the department of Artigas, Uruguay. caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Artigas content: Artigas is the capital of the Artigas Department of Uruguay. Its name comes from that of the national hero, José Gervasio Artigas, who fought for the emancipation of the River Plate, and sought to create a federative nation from these colonies. As of the census of 2011, it is the eleventh most populous city of the country.

title: Coat of arms of Uruguay section title: Departamental shields hierarchical section title: Coat of arms of Uruguay / Departamental shields caption attribution description: English: Coat of Arms of the department of Artigas, Uruguay. content: The coat of arms of Uruguay or Uruguayan shield was first adopted by law on March 19, 1829, and later on had some minor modification in 1906 and 1908. It was supposedly designed by Juan Manuel Besnes Irigoyen.


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title: Gustav Adolf Closs hierarchical section title: Gustav Adolf Closs caption reference description: The Destruction of Rapperswil in 1350 (wall painting) caption attribution description: Deutsch: Zerstörung von Rapperswil (SG): Gemälde an der Rückseite des Hauses Curtiplatz 1 in Rapperswil.Beschriftung: «Rudolph Brun, Bürgermeister v. Zürich, verjagt die Einwohner v. Rapperswil, Weihnachten 1350». English: Rapperswil (Switzerland): Wall-painting at Curtiplatz 1, description: Rudolph Brun, City of Zurich mayor, banishing the citizens of Rapperswil, Christmas 1350. content: Gustav Adolf Carl Closs also as Closs, A., Closs, A.G., Closz, Adolf Gustav was a German painter, illustrator and heraldist and an entomologist.

title: Rudolf Brun hierarchical section title: Rudolf Brun caption reference description: Rudolph Brun, banishing the citizens of Rapperswil, Christmas 1350. Wall painting on Curti house in Rapperswil. caption attribution description: Deutsch: Zerstörung von Rapperswil (SG): Gemälde an der Rückseite des Hauses Curtiplatz 1 in Rapperswil.Beschriftung: «Rudolph Brun, Bürgermeister v. Zürich, verjagt die Einwohner v. Rapperswil, Weihnachten 1350». English: Rapperswil (Switzerland): Wall-painting at Curtiplatz 1, description: Rudolph Brun, City of Zurich mayor, banishing the citizens of Rapperswil, Christmas 1350. content: Rudolf Brun was the leader of the Zürich guilds' revolution of 1336, and the city's first independent mayor.
Since 1234, Zürich had been governed by an aristocratic council. One third of the council's members were representatives of the nobility, and two thirds were drawn from the city's patriciate, consisting mainly of influential merchants. The city's mayor was appointed from among these by the abbess of the influential Fraumünster.
Rudolf was the son of Jakob Brun, a member of the city council, and of Mechthild. He was married to Margaretha Fütschi, daughter of Ulrich, another councillor. Rudolf was himself a member of the council from 1332 to 1336.
Brun overthrew the former city council with the help of the city's craftsmen in June 1336. According to the new constitution, the council was now composed of 26 members, of whom 13 were of the Konstaffel, consisting of the former patriciate; at least seven of these were required to hold knighthood. The remaining 13 councillors were the guild masters of the city's 13 guilds. In this sense, Brun's reform was not so much a revolution as the creation of a balance of power between the patriciate and the guilds.


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title: Hartley Vale, New South Wales section title: History hierarchical section title: Hartley Vale, New South Wales / History caption reference description: Comet Inn caption attribution description: English: Comet Inn, Hartley Vale, NSW, Australia content: Hartley Vale is a small village in the Blue Mountains area of New South Wales, Australia. It is approximately 150 kilometres west of Sydney and 12 kilometres south-east of Lithgow. It is in the local government area of the City of Lithgow.


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title: Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment hierarchical section title: Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment caption reference description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa, where the experiment took place. caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: Between 1589 and 1592, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei is said to have dropped two spheres of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was independent of their mass, according to a biography by Galileo's pupil Vincenzo Viviani, composed in 1654 and published in 1717.
According to the story, Galileo discovered through this experiment that the objects fell with the same acceleration, proving his prediction true, while at the same time disproving Aristotle's theory of gravity. Most historians consider it to have been a thought experiment rather than a physical test.

title: List of cultural icons of Italy hierarchical section title: List of cultural icons of Italy caption reference description: Tower of Pisa caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: The List of cultural icons of Italy is a list of links to potential cultural icons of Italy.

title: Leaning Tower of Pisa hierarchical section title: Leaning Tower of Pisa caption reference description: Leaning Tower of Pisa in 2013 caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: The Leaning Tower of Pisa or simply the Tower of Pisa is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square, after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m. Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons. The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
The tower began to lean during construction in the 12th century, due to soft ground which could not properly support the structure's weight, and it worsened through the completion of construction in the 14th century. By 1990, the tilt had reached 5.5 degrees. The structure was stabilized by remedial work between 1993 and 2001, which reduced the tilt to 3.97 degrees.

title: Jacques Alexandre Le Tenneur section title: Support of Galileo hierarchical section title: Jacques Alexandre Le Tenneur / Biography / Support of Galileo caption reference description: Leaning Tower of Pisa where the experiment supposedly took place. caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: Jacques-Alexandre Le Tenneur was a French mathematician who defended Galileo Galilei’s ideas. He corresponded with fellow mathematicians such as Pierre Gassendi, Pierre Hérigone and Marin Mersenne. It is unclear when or where he died but he probably lived from 1610 to 1660.

title: Pisa section title: Main sights hierarchical section title: Pisa / Main sights caption reference description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa. caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the city of over 91,104 residents contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics.
The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy.

title: Culture of Italy section title: Italian culture hierarchical section title: Culture of Italy / Italian culture caption reference description: the Leaning Tower of Pisa caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: Italy is considered a cultural superpower. Italy has been the starting point of phenomena of international impact such as the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church, the Romanesque, the Renaissance, the Scientific revolution, the Baroque, the Neo-classicism, the Risorgimento, the Fascism and the European integration. During its history, the nation has given birth to an enormous number of notable people.
Both the internal and external faces of Western culture were born on the Italian peninsula, whether one looks at the history of the Christian faith, civil institutions, philosophy, law, art, science, or social customs and culture.
Italy was home to many well-known and influential civilizations, including the Etruscans, Samnites and the Romans, while also hosting colonies from important foreign civilizations like the Phoenicians and Greeks, whose influence and culture had a large impact through the peninsula. Etruscan and Samnite cultures flourished in Italy before the emergence of the Roman Republic, which conquered and incorporated them.

title: Gothic cathedrals and churches section title: Bells and Bell Towers hierarchical section title: Gothic cathedrals and churches / Bells and Bell Towers caption attribution description: The Leaning Tower of Pisa content: Gothic cathedrals and churches are religious buildings created in Europe between the mid-12th century and the beginning of the 16th century. The cathedrals are notable particularly for their great height, and their extensive use of stained glass to fill the interiors with light. They were the tallest and largest buildings of their time, and the most prominent examples of Gothic architecture. The appearance of the Gothic Cathedral was not only a revolution in architecture; it also introduced new forms in decoration, sculpture, and art.
Cathedrals were by definition churches where a bishop presided. Abbeys were the churches attached to monasteries. Many smaller parish churches were also built in the Gothic style. The appearance of the great cathedrals in the 12th century was a response to the dramatic increase of population and wealth in some parts of Europe, and the need for larger and more imposing buildings. Technical advances, such an innovative uses of the pointed arch, rib vault and flying buttress, allowed the churches and cathedral to become much taller, stronger, with larger windows and more light.


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title: Foley County, Texas hierarchical section title: Foley County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Foley County is a defunct county in the U.S. state of Texas. It was located in the Big Bend area of far West Texas in what is now Brewster County.


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title: Álvaro Semedo hierarchical section title: Álvaro Semedo caption reference description: 1642 depiction of Álvaro de Semedo (from Historica Relatione del Gran Regno Della Cina published 1653) caption attribution description: English: 1642 depiction of Álvaro de Semedo (from Historica Relatione del Gran Regno Della Cina published 1653) content: Álvaro de Semedo, was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and missionary in China.


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title: Chase, British Columbia hierarchical section title: Chase, British Columbia caption reference description: Adams River Lumber mill, 1919 caption attribution description: English: Adams Lake Lumber Mill, in Chase, British Columbia. Owner J.P. McGoldrick. content: Chase is a village located in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It has a population of roughly 2,500, and its main industries are forestry and tourism. It is located at the outlet of Little Shuswap Lake, which is the source of the South Thompson River. Chase Creek, which drops over three small waterfalls before flowing through the town, enters the South Thompson just below the lake's outlet.


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title: Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory section title: Measurements and research hierarchical section title: Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory / Measurements and research caption reference description: The observatory in August 2003 caption attribution description: English: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration and Meteorological Service of Canada, Alert observatory, Nunavut caption alt text description: Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory in August 2003. content: The Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory is an atmospheric baseline station operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada located about 6 km south south-west of Alert, Nunavut, on the north-eastern tip of Ellesmere Island, about 800 km south of the geographic North Pole.
The observatory is the northernmost of 31 global stations in an international network coordinated by the World Meteorological Organization under its Global Atmosphere Watch program to study the long-term effects of pollution on the atmospheric environment. Among these 31 stations, Alert is one of three greenhouse gas "intercomparison supersites", along with Mauna Loa in Hawaii and Cape Grim in Australia, which, due to their locations far from industrial activity, provide the international scientific community with a baseline record of atmospheric chemistry.


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title: Bister, Switzerland hierarchical section title: Bister, Switzerland caption attribution description: Deutsch: Wappen von Bister, Kanton Wallis caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Bister content: Bister is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

title: Bister, Switzerland hierarchical section title: Bister, Switzerland caption attribution description: Deutsch: Wappen von Bister, Kanton Wallis caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Bister content: Bister is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.


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title: List of works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini section title: Works hierarchical section title: List of works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini / Works caption reference description: Life-size figures caption attribution description: Santa teresa di bernini content: The following is a list of works of sculpture, architecture, and painting by the Italian Baroque artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The numbering follows Rudolph Wittkower's Catalogue, first published in 1955 in Gian Lorenzo Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque.


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title: Annexation of Nicoya hierarchical section title: Annexation of Nicoya caption reference description: First page caption attribution description: Español: Copia del acta de la Anexión del Partido de Nicoya a Costa Rica (25 de julio de 1824). Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica. content: The annexation of the Partido de Nicoya to Costa Rica is a historical event that refers to the incorporation of the territory of Nicoya to the State of Costa Rica, which occurred on July 25, 1824.
The annexation went through a plebiscite that took place in the city of Nicoya, in which, in the open town hall, the inhabitants of the municipalities of Nicoya and Santa Cruz voted to join Costa Rica, while the town of Guanacaste, today the city of Liberia, declined the annexation, however, on March 18, 1825, said population became part of Costa Rica by a law issued by the Congress of the Federal Republic of Central America. The term annexation of Guanacaste to refer to this event is considered historically incorrect.
Currently, the annexation of the Nicoya Party is an anniversary of Costa Rica, which is celebrated with civic and cultural events in schools and communities across the country every July 25. Guanacaste's official motto is "De la patria por nuestra voluntad" for this reason.


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title: Henry Kissinger section title: Vietnam War hierarchical section title: Henry Kissinger / Foreign policy / Vietnam War caption reference description: Kissinger and President Richard Nixon discussing the Vietnam situation in Camp David, 1972. content: Henry Alfred Kissinger is an American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. A Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938, he became National Security Advisor in 1969 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1973. For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances, with two members of the committee resigning in protest.
A practitioner of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. During this period, he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, engaged in what became known as shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East to end the Yom Kippur War, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War.


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title: Cheung Sha Wan (constituency) hierarchical section title: Cheung Sha Wan (constituency) caption reference description: Boundary of Cheung Sha Wan in Sham Shui Po District content: Cheung Sha Wan is one of the 21 constituencies of the Sham Shui Po District Council. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. The boundary is loosely based on the area of Cheung Sha Wan and Sham Shui Po bounded by Pratas Street, Cheung Sha Wan Road, Yen Chow Street and Tai Po Road.


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title: Pratt & Whitney J58 hierarchical section title: Pratt & Whitney J58 caption attribution description: English: Pratt & Whitney J58 ramburner engine, Evergreen Air Museum, McMinnville, Oregon content: The Pratt & Whitney J58 was an American jet engine that powered the Lockheed A-12, and subsequently the YF-12 and the SR-71 aircraft. It was an afterburning turbojet with a unique compressor bleed to the afterburner which gave increased thrust at high speeds. Because of the wide speed range of the aircraft the engine needed two modes of operation to take it from stationary on the ground to 2,000 mph at altitude. It was a conventional afterburning turbojet for take-off and acceleration to Mach 2 and then used permanent compressor bleed to the afterburner above Mach 2. The way the engine worked at cruise led it to be described as "acting like a turboramjet". It has also been described as a turboramjet based on incorrect statements describing the turbomachinery as being completely bypassed.
The engine performance which met the mission requirements for the CIA and USAF over many years was later enhanced slightly for NASA experimental work which required more thrust to deal with higher aircraft drag.

title: JP-7 hierarchical section title: JP-7 caption reference description: The Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20) turbojet aero engine, which had a specific fuel requirement; namely JP-7 turbine fuel.[1] caption attribution description: English: Pratt & Whitney J58 ramburner engine, Evergreen Air Museum, McMinnville, Oregon content: Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7, commonly known as JP-7 is a specialized type of jet fuel developed for the United States Air Force for use in its supersonic military aircraft; including the SR-71 Blackbird and the Boeing X-51 Waverider.

title: Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird section title: Engines hierarchical section title: Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird / Design / Engines caption reference description: A Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20) engine on open display at Evergreen Aviation Museum caption attribution description: English: Pratt & Whitney J58 ramburner engine, Evergreen Air Museum, McMinnville, Oregon content: The Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird" is a long-range, high-altitude, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed and manufactured by the American aerospace company Lockheed Corporation. It was operated by both the United States Air Force and NASA.
The SR-71 was developed as a black project from the Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft during the 1960s by Lockheed's Skunk Works division. American aerospace engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson was responsible for many of the aircraft's innovative concepts. The shape of the SR-71 was based on that of the A-12, which was one of the first aircraft to be designed with a reduced radar cross-section. At one point, a bomber variant of the aircraft was under consideration, before the program was focused solely on reconnaissance. Mission equipment for the reconnaissance role included signals intelligence sensors, a side-looking airborne radar, and a photo camera; the SR-71 was both longer and heavier than the A-12, allowing it to hold more fuel as well as a two-seat cockpit. The SR-71 designation has been attributed to lobbying efforts by USAF Chief of Staff General Curtis LeMay, who preferred the SR designation over simply RS.


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title: List of World Heritage Sites in Argentina section title: Tentative list hierarchical section title: List of World Heritage Sites in Argentina / Tentative list caption attribution description: English: This is one of the most famous rowing clubs in Tigre. Rowing clubs form the backbone of the Tigre social scene. Camera: Canon EOS 30D License on Flickr (2011-01-25): CC-BY-2.0 Flickr tags: Tigre, Delta, Argentina, atexaninargentina.blogspot.com, A Texan In Argentina, http://atexaninargentina.blogspot.com/ caption alt text description: La Marina Rowing Club content: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Sites are the places of important cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Argentina accepted the UNESCO World Heritage Convention on 23 August 1978, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.
Argentina had its first site included on the list at the 5th session of World Heritage Committee, held in Sydney, Australia, in October 1981. At that session, "Los Glaciares National Park" was inscribed on the list. As of 2018, 2 elements have been inscribed on the Intangible cultural heritage and 11 sites have been inscribed on the World Heritage List: 6 cultural sites and 5 natural sites. A further 10 sites have been proposed for inscription and are on the tentative list.

title: Tigre Partido hierarchical section title: Tigre Partido caption reference description: Club de Regatas La Marina. caption attribution description: English: This is one of the most famous rowing clubs in Tigre. Rowing clubs form the backbone of the Tigre social scene. Camera: Canon EOS 30D License on Flickr (2011-01-25): CC-BY-2.0 Flickr tags: Tigre, Delta, Argentina, atexaninargentina.blogspot.com, A Texan In Argentina, http://atexaninargentina.blogspot.com/ content: Tigre Partido is a partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated in the northern part of Greater Buenos Aires. The department covers a large section of the Paraná Delta and its low-lying islands. The main town of the division is Tigre; other towns include Don Torcuato, El Talar, General Pacheco, Benavídez.
The partido is bound to the north by the Paraná de las Palmas River, to the northeast by the Río de la Plata, to the southeast by San Fernando Partido, to the south by San Martín Partido, to the southwest by Malvinas Argentinas Partido and to the west by Escobar Partido.
Its total area including the islands is 368 km² and its population was 376,381 as of 2010.
The current mayor is Julio Cesar Zamora, from the Renewal Front within the Justicialist Party.
The partido was originally named 'Las Conchas' after a local river, but became popularly known as 'Tigre' in the 19th century. Tigre was also the name of a stream and is thought to derive from the tigres or jaguars seen in the area when it was first settled. In 1952, the name of the partido was officially changed to "Tigre Partido".

title: Tigre, Buenos Aires section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Tigre, Buenos Aires / Gallery caption attribution description: English: This is one of the most famous rowing clubs in Tigre. Rowing clubs form the backbone of the Tigre social scene. Camera: Canon EOS 30D License on Flickr (2011-01-25): CC-BY-2.0 Flickr tags: Tigre, Delta, Argentina, atexaninargentina.blogspot.com, A Texan In Argentina, http://atexaninargentina.blogspot.com/ content: Tigre is a city in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated in the north of Greater Buenos Aires, 28 km north of Buenos Aires city. Tigre lies on the Paraná Delta and is a tourist and weekend destination, reachable by bus and train services, including the scenic Tren de la Costa. It is the main city, seat of the Tigre Partido.
The city sits on an island created by several small streams and rivers and was founded in 1820, after floods had destroyed other settlements in the area, then known as the Partido de las Conchas.
The area's name derives from the "tigres" or jaguars that were hunted there, on occasions, in its early years. The area was first settled by Europeans who came to farm the land, and the port developed to serve the Delta and to bring fruit and wood from the Delta and ports upstream on the Paraná river. Tigre is still an important timber processing port.


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title: Braich-y-Dinas section title: Finds from the site hierarchical section title: Braich-y-Dinas / Finds from the site caption reference description: Bronze bracelet found at Braich-y-Dinas. caption attribution description: English: Bronze Bracelet Found at Braich-y-Dinas, originally published in Archaeologia Cambrensis, Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association: Vol. 92, p.215 (1937). This version originates from a reproduction of the journal, kindly digitised and placed in the public domain by Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru – The National Library of Wales. content: Braich-y-Dinas was an extensive hillfort at the summit of Penmaenmawr, one of the northernmost peaks of the Carneddau mountain range on North coast of Wales. It was once considered the best preserved and most complete hillfort in North-West Wales, but completely disappeared in the first half of the 20th century due to a massive quarrying effort by the Darbishire family; which overwhelmed and eventually destroyed all traces of it, despite efforts by the Royal Commission to save the site.


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title: Tokushima Station hierarchical section title: Tokushima Station caption reference description: Tokushima Station building in March 2011 caption attribution description: 日本語: 徳島駅駅ビル（徳島県徳島市） English: Tokushima Station building in Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan content: Tokushima Station is a railway station in Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Shikoku Railway Company.


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title: Lissonotus flabellicornis hierarchical section title: Lissonotus flabellicornis caption attribution description: Português: Lissonotus flabellicornis (Germar, 1824) content: Lissonotus flabellicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824.


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title: Gabriel Milito hierarchical section title: Gabriel Milito caption reference description: Milito coaching Estudiantes in 2015 caption attribution description: Español: Gabriel Milito, al asumir como director técnico del equipo de fútbol del Club Estudiantes de La Plata. content: Gabriel Alejandro Milito is an Argentine former footballer who played as a central defender, and a current manager.
He spent most of his professional career in Spain, representing Zaragoza and Barcelona. Over seven seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 187 matches and six goals.
Milito appeared with the Argentine national team in three major tournaments, including the 2006 World Cup, winning 42 caps.


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title: Rixensart hierarchical section title: Rixensart caption attribution description: Français : Identification d'OBJECTIF RIXENSART, la nouvelle plate-forme découverte de Rixensart en images, initiée par Eric de Séjournet afin de mettre en valeur le patrimoine architectural, paysager et naturel de Rixensart, Genval et Rosières. content: Rixensart is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. On January 1, 2006, Rixensart had a total population of 21,355. The total area is 17.54 km² which gives a population density of 1,217 inhabitants per km².
The municipality consists of the following former municipalities, now sub-municipalities: Rixensart proper, Rosières, and Genval. Genval-les-Bains is a local beauty spot, a 100-year-old lake with a fountain, and framed by trees, houses and restaurants. Rixensart is home to the beautiful private-owned Château de Rixensart.
Rixensart is served by two railway stations, connecting it with Brussels to the north and Louvain-la-Neuve to the south. The new arrival of the Brussels RER, will improve both train stations and upgrade the number of trains going from Brussels to Namur to 4 per hour. This will also bring more people to the municipality to live. The municipality is now classified as a commuter town due to its proximity to Brussels, the RER and the E411 Motorway.


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title: Jules Victor Génisson hierarchical section title: Jules Victor Génisson caption reference description: Portrait of Génisson, 1842, made by Johan Coenraad Hamburger caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Victor-Jules Génisson, made in 1842, by Johan Coenraad Hamburger. content: Jules Victor Génisson was a Belgian painter, chiefly known for his architectural painting.


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title: Indrapura (Champa) hierarchical section title: Indrapura (Champa) caption reference description: Đồng Dương before its destruction during the Vietnam War caption attribution description: Français : Dong Duong : Charles Carpeaux devant le gopura de la première enceinte English: Charles Carpeaux in fromt of the gopura of the first enclosure of Đồng Dương content: Indrapura was the capital city of the ancient kingdom of Champa from 875 CE, for several decades, under the reign of Indravarman I and some of his followers belonging to the 6th dynasty in Dong Duong. The word Indrapura means "City of Indra" in Sanskrit, Indra being the Hindu God of Storm and War, and King of the Gods in the Rig Veda.
The site is near the present-day village of Đồng Dương, Bình Định Bắc commune, Thăng Bình District of Quảng Nam province. Unlike his predecessors, Indravarman II was a Mahayana Buddhist, so he built a great Buddhist monastery. The ruins was mostly destroyed by Vietnam War bombings and nowadays even by looting of bricks.
The Museum of Cham Sculpture at Da Nang, founded in 1915 by the École française d'Extrême-Orient, has a valuable collection of Cham sculptures, which were retrieved from Đông Dương as well as from other archeological sites, such as Mỹ Sơn and Tra Kieu.


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title: Jobyna Howland hierarchical section title: Jobyna Howland caption attribution description: English: Jobyna Howland (March 31, 1880 - June 7, 1936) was an American stage and screen actress. content: Jobyna Howland was an American stage and screen actress. Born to a Civil War veteran named Joby Howland and his wife Mary C. Bunting, she was given the feminine version of her father's name. Tall, regal and beautiful, red-haired Howland was one of several models for Charles Dana Gibson's famous sketches of Gibson Girls. Howland made her first appearance on the New York Stage in 1899 managed by Daniel Frohman. During her long theatrical career, she apprenticed everything from drawing room farces to musical comedies always seeming to play the other woman, a best friend's pal or a distant cousin. She didn't achieve the kind of stardom of other beautiful actresses such as Elsie Ferguson, but was content to play the amiable and much needed support so vital in numerous Broadway productions.
She decided to try her luck in film and moved to a Lloyd Wright bungalow in Beverly Hills which was maintained by Hernando, a Navajo servant who liked to sample Howland's makeup. She appeared in a few silent pictures, but this medium did not seem to suit her booming, direct and distinct voice.


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title: India–United States relations section title: Independence (1947–1997) hierarchical section title: India–United States relations / History / Independence (1947–1997) caption reference description: US President Harry S. Truman and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in Washington, 1949, with Nehru's sister, Vijayalakshmi Pandit  Indian ambassador to the United States. content: India–United States relations, also known as Indian–American relations or Indo–American relations, refers to the international relations between India and the United States.
Prominent leaders of India's freedom movement had friendly relations with the United States which continued well after independence from the United Kingdom in 1947. In 1954, the United States made Pakistan a Central Treaty Organization treaty-ally. India cultivated strategic and military relations with the Soviet Union to counter Pakistan–United States relations. In 1961, India became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement to avoid involvement in the Cold War power-play between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Nixon administration's support for Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 affected relations until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. In the 1990s, Indian foreign policy adapted to the unipolar world and developed closer ties with the United States.
In the twenty-first century, Indian foreign policy has sought to leverage India's strategic autonomy in order to safeguard sovereign rights and promote national interests within a multi-polar world.


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title: Basilica of Saint-Denis section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Basilica of Saint-Denis / Gallery caption attribution description: Español: Vitral de la basilica de Saint-Denis. Inside view of stained glass, St. Denis Cathedral, St. Denis, France, upper choir. content: The Basilica of Saint-Denis is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris. The building is of singular importance historically and architecturally as its choir, completed in 1144, shows the first use of all of the elements of Gothic architecture.
The site originated as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times. The archaeological remains still lie beneath the cathedral; the people buried there seem to have had a faith that was a mix of Christian and pre-Christian beliefs and practices. Around 475 St. Genevieve purchased some land and built Saint-Denys de la Chapelle. In 636 on the orders of Dagobert I the relics of Saint Denis, a patron saint of France, were reinterred in the basilica. The relics of St-Denis, which had been transferred to the parish church of the town in 1795, were brought back again to the abbey in 1819.
The basilica became a place of pilgrimage and the burial place of the French Kings with nearly every king from the 10th to the 18th centuries being buried there, as well as many from previous centuries. "Saint-Denis" soon became the abbey church of a growing monastic complex.


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title: London North Mine section title: Description hierarchical section title: London North Mine / Description caption reference description: London North Mine content: London North Mine is a heritage-listed mine at Elphinstone street, Ravenswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1903 to 1915. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 February 1994.


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title: Scherstorklippen hierarchical section title: Scherstorklippen caption reference description: Southwest side of the Scherstorklippen caption attribution description: Deutsch: Die Scherstorklippen zwischen Schierke, Elend und Braunlage; Gemeindegebiet Oberharz am Brocken content: The Scherstorklippen is a granite tor in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. It is located near the village of Schierke in the county of Harz in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. It was formed by the process of spheroidal weathering.


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title: 2009–10 Euroleague hierarchical section title: 2009–10 Euroleague caption reference description: Paris-Bercy in Paris hosted the Final Four caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: The 2009–10 Euroleague was the 10th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe, organised by Euroleague Basketball Company, and it was the 53rd season of the premier competition for European men's clubs overall. The regular season featured 24 teams from 13 different countries.
This season marked the first time in the modern era that a qualifying round was used to determine the last two teams for the regular season. The qualifying round started on September 29, 2009, while the regular season of the Euroleague started on October 15, 2010. The season ended with the Euroleague Final Four, which was hosted at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, with the Final on May 9, 2010.

title: 2017–18 French Basketball Cup hierarchical section title: 2017–18 French Basketball Cup caption reference description: The Final was played at the AccorHotels Arena caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: The 2017–18 French Basketball Cup season was the 41st season of the domestic cup competition of French basketball. The competition started on 19 September 2017 and ended 21 April 2018. SIG Strasbourg won its second Cup title.

title: 2016–17 French Basketball Cup hierarchical section title: 2016–17 French Basketball Cup caption reference description: The Final was played at the AccorHotels Arena caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: The 2016–17 French Basketball Cup season was the 40th season of the domestic cup competition of French basketball. The competition started on September 9, 2016 and ended on April 22, 2017. Nanterre 92 won its second Cup title.

title: List of indoor arenas in Europe section title: Current arenas hierarchical section title: List of indoor arenas in Europe / Current arenas caption reference description: AccorHotels Arena, Paris caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: This is a list of indoor arenas in Europe by capacity. A broad definition of "Europe" is used here, including the entirety of Russia, Turkey and Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan.
The venues are by their final capacity after construction for seating-only events. There is more capacity if standing room is included. All venues with at least 10,000 seats are listed.

title: Paris Masters hierarchical section title: Paris Masters caption reference description: Exterior of venue caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: The Paris Masters is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players held in Paris, France. It is played indoors at the AccorHotels Arena, in the neighborhood of Bercy.
The event is part of the ATP Tour Masters 1000 on the Association of Tennis Professionals Tour.
The tournament evolved from the French Covered Court Championships. In the open era it was held at the Stade Pierre de Coubertin until 1982. In 1989 it was upgraded to become one of the premier nine tournaments of the Grand Prix Tour, replacing the Tokyo Open. The event is usually the final tournament on the tour before the season-ending ATP Finals. Because of its sponsorship, the event was officially known from 2003 to 2016 as BNP Paribas Masters, and from 2017 as the Rolex Paris Masters. Prior to the Tennis Masters Series replacing the ATP Super 9 in 2000, the event was known as the Paris Open. It is also often referred to as the Paris Indoor event in reference to both the facts that the other tennis event held in Paris, the French Open is held outdoors, and that since 2009, it is the only Masters 1000 tournament which is played indoors.

title: AccorHotels Arena hierarchical section title: AccorHotels Arena caption reference description: Exterior of venue caption attribution description: AccorHotels Arena @ Bercy @ Paris content: AccorArena is an indoor sports arena and concert hall located in the neighborhood of Bercy, on boulevard de Bercy, in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. The closest métro station is Bercy. Designed by the architectural firm Andrault-Parat, Jean Prouvé and Aydin Guvan, the arena has a pyramidal shape and walls covered with a sloping lawn. It has a seating capacity ranging from 7,000 to 20,300, depending on the event.


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title: Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica hierarchical section title: Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica caption reference description: Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes content: The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, or National Gallery of Ancient Art, is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, the main national collection of older paintings in Rome. It has two sites: the Palazzo Barberini and the Palazzo Corsini.
The Palazzo Barberini was designed for Pope Urban VIII, a member of the Barberini family, by 16th century Italian architect Carlo Maderno on the old location of Villa Sforza. Its central salon ceiling was decorated by Pietro da Cortona with the visual panegyric of the Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power to glorify the papal Barberini family.
The Palazzo Corsini, formerly known as Palazzo Riario, is a 15th-century palace that was rebuilt in the 18th century by architect Ferdinando Fuga for Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini.


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title: Maha Shehata hierarchical section title: Maha Shehata caption reference description: Maha Shehata for Trabzon İdmanocağı (December 2017) caption attribution description: English: Maha Shehata (green) keeping the goal of Trabzon İdmanocağı in the away match against Beşiktaş J.K. in the 2017-18 Turkish Women's First League. content: Maha Al-Demerdash Al-Demerdash Shehata, shortly Maha Shehata, is an Egyptian football goalkeeper. She is a member of the Egyptian national team. She played in the Turkish Women's First Football League for Trabzon İdmanocağı with jersey number 1.
Maha Shehata was born in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt on February 13, 1989.


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title: Charles B. Atwood hierarchical section title: Charles B. Atwood caption reference description: W. H. Vanderbilt house (foreground) on New York City's Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Herter Brothers and Charles Atwood, architects caption attribution description: A photochrom postcard published by the Detroit Photographic Company. content: Charles Bowler Atwood was an architect who designed several buildings and a large number of secondary structures for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He also designed a number of notable buildings in the city of Chicago.


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title: Ayrault government hierarchical section title: Ayrault government caption reference description: Jean-Marc Ayrault caption attribution description: Français : Jean-Marc Ayrault lors d'un meeting de François Hollande (dont on aperçoit le portrait en arrière-plan), en mars 2012, lors de la campagne pour les élections présidentielles françaises. content: The Ayrault government was the 35th and 36th governments in the Fifth Republic of France, and headed by Jean-Marc Ayrault. The first Ayrault government was formed on 16 May 2012 by the presidential decree of President François Hollande. It was composed of members from the Socialist Party, the EELV and the Radical Party of the Left. This was the first French government to respect gender equality, with equal male and female posts except the Prime Minister. It lasted one month, until the June legislative elections, after which Ayrault submitted his resignation.
Following the legislative defeat, President Hollande immediately charged him with forming a new government, under Article 8 of the French Constitution. The second Ayrault government began on 18 June 2012.
Following a landslide defeat in the French mayoral elections, the second Ayrault government was dissolved on 31 March 2014. Manuel Valls was chosen by Hollande to form the next cabinet.


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title: Friederich Tutein section title: Personal life and legacy hierarchical section title: Friederich Tutein / Personal life and legacy caption reference description: Rosendal seen on a painting by Christen Købke from 1836 content: Johann Friederich Tutein was a Danish merchant, ship-owner and industrialist. He managed the family's trading house under the name Fr. Tutein & Co. from 1799. It mainly traded on the Danish colonies with its own fleet of merchant ships. He owned the Tutein House at Vimmelskaftet in Copenhagen, the country house Rosendal in Østerbro and the manor house Edelgave.

title: Rosenvænget section title: Rosenvenge and Rosendal hierarchical section title: Rosenvænget / History / Rosenvenge and Rosendal caption reference description: Rosendal seen on a painting by Christen Købke from 1836 content: Rosenvænget is a neighbourhood in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Established in circa 1860, it was the first neighbourhood of single family detached homes in Denmark. Many of the old villas have survived but some of them have been replaced by taller buildings in the years after 1900.
The area is bounded by the streets Østerbrogade, Strandboulevarden, Nordre Frihavnsgade, Odensegade, Saabysgade and Næstvedgade. It comprises the streets Rosenvængets Hovedvej, Rosenvængets Sideallé and Kriegersgade.


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title: Takahito, Prince Mikasa section title: Post-war career hierarchical section title: Takahito, Prince Mikasa / Post-war career caption reference description: Prince Mikasa, 1958. National Archives of Brazil. content: Takahito, Prince Mikasa was a Japanese royal, member of the Imperial House of Japan. He was the fourth and youngest son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei and was their last surviving child. His eldest brother was Emperor Shōwa. After serving as a junior cavalry officer in the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II, the prince embarked upon a post-war career as a scholar and part-time lecturer in Middle Eastern studies and Semitic languages.
With the death of his sister-in-law, Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu, on 17 December 2004, he became the oldest living member of the Imperial House of Japan. At his death at the age of 100, Prince Takahito was the oldest living royal and the oldest living prince in line of succession.


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title: Zahi Hawass section title: Appearances hierarchical section title: Zahi Hawass / Appearances caption reference description: Speaking on the International Congress of Egyptologists (ICE) in Cairo, November 2019 caption attribution description: Deutsch: de:Kairo, Ägypten: International Congress of Egyptologists (ICE) XII, veranstaltet vom Internationalen Ägyptologen-Verband im November 2019, es spricht de:Zahi Hawass English: en:Cairo, Egypt: International Congress of Egyptologists (ICE) XII, organized by the International Association of Egyptologists in November 2019, en:Zahi Hawass speaking content: Zahi Hawass is an Egyptian archaeologist, Egyptologist, and former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs. He has also worked at archaeological sites in the Nile Delta, the Western Desert, and the Upper Nile Valley.


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title: 90th Operations Group hierarchical section title: 90th Operations Group caption reference description: Minuteman and Peacekeeper missiles at F.E. Warren AFB caption attribution description: English: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at the F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., front gate the evening of April 4, 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. The planet Venus is visible in the sky above the Minuteman missiles and Jupiter is visible to the left of the Minuteman I. (U.S. Air Force photo by R.J. Oriez) content: The 90th Operations Group is the operational component of the 90th Missile Wing of the United States Air Force. It is stationed at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming, and is assigned to Twentieth Air Force of Air Force Global Strike Command. The group is responsible for maintaining and operating on alert the wing's assigned LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles.
The unit was first activated during World War II as the 90th Bombardment Group, and operated in the Southwest Pacific Theater as a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber unit assigned to Fifth Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces. It was awarded two United States Distinguished Unit Citations and the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its combat service in China, the Netherlands East Indies, New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Leyte, and Luzon. It was inactivated in the Philippines in early 1946.
The group was activated in July 1947 at Andrews Field, Maryland by Strategic Air Command, but appears not to have been manned before inactivating in September 1948.

title: Francis E. Warren Air Force Base hierarchical section title: Francis E. Warren Air Force Base caption reference description: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at F.E. Warren AFB during 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. caption attribution description: English: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at the F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., front gate the evening of April 4, 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. The planet Venus is visible in the sky above the Minuteman missiles and Jupiter is visible to the left of the Minuteman I. (U.S. Air Force photo by R.J. Oriez) caption alt text description: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at F.E. Warren AFB during 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. content: Francis E. Warren Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located approximately 3 miles west of Cheyenne, Wyoming. It is one of three strategic-missile bases in the U.S. It was named in honor of Francis E. Warren in 1930. Warren AFB is home of the 90th Missile Wing, assigned to the Twentieth Air Force, Air Force Global Strike Command. The 90 MW operates the LGM-30G Minuteman III ICBM. It is also the home of Twentieth Air Force, which commands all U.S. Air Force ICBMs.
Warren AFB is the oldest continuously active military installation within the Air Force, established in 1867 by the United States Army as Fort David Allen Russell. The facility came under control of the United States Army Air Forces on 1 June 1947, and then of the United States Air Force on 18 September 1947.
The 90th Missile Wing is commanded by Colonel Peter Bonetti. Twentieth Air Force, co-located at Warren AFB, has been under the command of Major General Fred B. Stoss since January 2018. Warren AFB is a census-designated place and had a resident population of 3,072 at the 2010 census.

title: 90th Missile Wing hierarchical section title: 90th Missile Wing caption reference description: Display of missiles operated by the wing caption attribution description: English: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at the F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., front gate the evening of April 4, 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. The planet Venus is visible in the sky above the Minuteman missiles and Jupiter is visible to the left of the Minuteman I. (U.S. Air Force photo by R.J. Oriez) content: The 90th Missile Wing is a component of Twentieth Air Force, stationed at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base and equipped with LGM-30G Minuteman III Missiles. It has served at Warren as a component of Strategic Air Command, Air Combat Command, Air Force Space Command and Air Force Global Strike Command since 1963.
The wing was first organized at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington as the 90th Bombardment Wing, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit. After moving to Forbes Air Force Base, Kansas, it served as a training unit for Strategic Air Command units and aircrews in the B-29. In 1953 it converted to the strategic reconnaissance mission, upgrading to the Boeing RB-47 Stratojet in 1954. After 1958 it trained reconnaissance crews with the B-47 and continued that mission until it was inactivated in 1960.

title: Nuclear weapons of the United States section title: Delivery systems hierarchical section title: Nuclear weapons of the United States / Delivery systems caption reference description: From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I caption attribution description: English: A static display of intercontinental ballistic missiles at the F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyo., front gate the evening of April 4, 2012. From left are the Peacekeeper, the Minuteman III and the Minuteman I. The planet Venus is visible in the sky above the Minuteman missiles and Jupiter is visible to the left of the Minuteman I. (U.S. Air Force photo by R.J. Oriez) content: The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II. Before and during the Cold War, it conducted over one thousand nuclear tests and tested many long-range nuclear weapons delivery systems.
Between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. government spent at least $9.49 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons, including platforms development, command and control, maintenance, waste management and administrative costs. It is estimated that, since 1945, the United States produced more than 70,000 nuclear warheads, which is more than all other nuclear weapon states combined. The Soviet Union/Russia has produced approximately 55,000 nuclear warheads since 1949, France built 1,110 warheads since 1960, the United Kingdom built 835 warheads since 1952, China built about 600 warheads since 1964, and other nuclear powers built fewer than 500 warheads all together since they developed their first nuclear weapons. Until November 1962, the vast majority of U.S. nuclear tests were above ground.


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title: Kamru, Himachal Pradesh hierarchical section title: Kamru, Himachal Pradesh caption reference description: Kamru fort caption attribution description: English: Kamru fort front face caption alt text description: Kamru fort, Kinnaur content: Kamru is a village located in the Sangla Valley of Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India. It sits c. 2,900 m above sea level.
The village is an ancient capital of the Bashahr principate. It is especially known for the tower-like fort at its highest point, which was made by Lord Badrinath Ji thousands of year ago. Inside the fort there are about 33 crore gods and goddess. There is also a shrine to Kamakhya Devi inside the fort campus, which was brought there many years ago from Assam. It is about 2 km from the tourist town of Sangla, on the foot of Kinner-Kailash.
Kamru was capital of the Bushahr principality. It is especially known for the tower-like fort at its highest point, which was built by Lord Badrinath Ji thousands of year ago. According to a folklore fort there are about 33 crore gods and goddess residing in the fort.


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title: Prince Toneri hierarchical section title: Prince Toneri caption reference description: Prince Toneri, from a book illustration by Kikuchi Yōsai content: Prince Toneri was a Japanese imperial prince in the Nara period. He was a son of Emperor Tenmu. He was given the posthumous name, Emperor Sudoujinkei, as the father of Emperor Junnin. In the beginning of the Nara period, he gained political power as a leader of the Imperial family together with Prince Nagaya. He supervised the compilation of the Nihon Shoki.


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title: Inter-American Peace Force hierarchical section title: Inter-American Peace Force caption reference description: Honduran IAPF soldiers arrive in the Dominican Republic, 1965. content: The Inter-American Peace Force was established, by the Organization of American States, on 23 May 1965, after the United States's intervention in the Dominican Republic. It largely consisted of over 42,600 United States military personnel, plus the following troops were sent by each country;
Brazil – 1,130
Honduras – 250
Paraguay – 184
Nicaragua – 160
Costa Rica – 21 military police
El Salvador – 3 staff officers
Brazil eventually took over from the United States in 1966 and the IAPF was disbanded in 1967.

title: 1963 Honduran coup d'état section title: Aftermath hierarchical section title: 1963 Honduran coup d'état / Aftermath caption reference description: Honduran soldiers collaborate with the US occupation of the Dominican Republic, 1965 content: The 1963 Honduran coup d'état was a military takeover of the Honduran government on 3 October 1963, ten days before a scheduled election. Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Ramón Villeda Morales as the President of the country and initiated two decades of military rule.
Villeda Morales had instituted progressive labor laws and an agrarian reform policy, which prompted accusations of Communist sympathies from the right wing in Honduras and the United States. His intention to expropriate land from United Fruit Company, though never carried out, was a particular source of friction.
Civil–military relations in Honduras had deteriorated since 1957. A coup attempt in 1959, suppressed by students and unionist supporters of Villeda Morales, provoked intense hostility towards the military, as well as the creation of an autonomous presidential guard. Politicians discussed abolishing the military. Modesto Rodas Alvarado, the Liberal Party's candidate for president, ran on a demilitarization platform and was expected to win the election on 13 October 1963. The military acted pre-emptively and seized control of the government.

title: May 1965 hierarchical section title: May 1965 caption reference description: May 14, 1965: Inter-American Peace Force arrives in Dominican Republic to replace U.S. troops content: The following events occurred in May 1965:


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title: World's Largest Buffalo hierarchical section title: World's Largest Buffalo caption reference description: The statue caption attribution description: World's Largest Buffalo Statue in Jamestown, North Dakota United States (sculpture by Elmer Petersen, 1959) content: The "World's Largest Buffalo Monument" is a sculpture of an American Bison located in Jamestown, North Dakota at the Frontier Village. It is visible from Interstate 94, overlooking the city from above the James River valley. The statue is a significant tourist draw for Jamestown and the source of its nickname, The Buffalo City.

title: Jamestown, North Dakota section title: Attractions hierarchical section title: Jamestown, North Dakota / Attractions caption reference description: The World's Largest Buffalo statue in Jamestown caption attribution description: World's Largest Buffalo Statue in Jamestown, North Dakota United States (sculpture by Elmer Petersen, 1959) content: Jamestown is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Stutsman County. The population was 15,427 at the 2010 census, making it the ninth largest city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1872.


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title: Dacia Duster section title: Motorsport hierarchical section title: Dacia Duster / Motorsport caption reference description: The Duster race car during the Andorra round of the Andros Trophy caption attribution description: English: Alain Prost driving a Dacia Duster during qualifying session of the 2nd round of Trophee Andros 2010 Română: Alain Prost la volanul Daciei Duster in timpul sesiunii de calificari pentru a doua etapa a Trofeului Andros 2010 Русский: Ален Прост управляет гоночным автомобилем Dacia Duster в ходе квалификации ко второму этапу Трофея Андрос-2010 content: The Dacia Duster is a compact sport utility vehicle produced and marketed jointly by the French manufacturer Renault and its Romanian subsidiary Dacia since 2010. It is currently in its second generation, launched in the autumn of 2017. It is marketed as the Renault Duster in certain markets such as India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mexico, Nepal, Egypt, the Middle East, South Africa, Ukraine and South America. The first generation was rebadged and restyled as the Nissan Terrano in CIS countries and India. It is introduced since March 2010, and is the third model of the Dacia brand based on the Logan platform, after the Sandero.
A four-door double cab pick-up was launched at the end of 2015 in South America, marketed as the Renault Duster Oroch.


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title: Cy Young Award hierarchical section title: Cy Young Award caption reference description: The 1971 Cy Young Award won by Ferguson Jenkins, on display in the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame caption attribution description: Ferguson Jenkins was the first Canadian to win the Cy Young Award. content: The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball, one each for the American League and National League. The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.
Each league's award is voted on by members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America, with one representative from each team. As of the 2010 season, each voter places a vote for first, second, third, fourth and fifth place among the pitchers of each league. The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes. The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award. If two pitchers receive the same number of votes, the award is shared. The current formula started in the 2010 season. Before that, dating back to 1970, writers voted for three pitchers, with the formula of 5 points for a first place vote, 3 for a second place vote and 1 for a third place vote.


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title: List of Royal Military College of Canada people section title: Alumni who were knighted hierarchical section title: List of Royal Military College of Canada people / Alumni who were knighted caption reference description: William Throsby Bridges caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Australian Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG (1861–1915). content: This is a list of notable individuals who have been, or are involved with the Royal Military College of Canada.
Many RMC alumni have served Canada in war and peace. Billy Bishop was a leading ace of the First World War, won the Victoria Cross and helped to create the Canadian Flying Corps. Charles Merritt was a lawyer and militia officer who won the Victoria Cross at Dieppe during the Second World War. Leonard Birchall, the "Saviour of Ceylon", discovered the approach of the Japanese fleet during the Second World War and showed courage and leadership as a prisoner of war in Japan. Ex-cadets also helped with the peace process. John de Chastelain was twice Chief of Defence Staff and helped to monitor the Peace Accords in Northern Ireland. Romeo Dallaire headed the United Nation forces in Rwanda. Many former cadets gave their lives during both world wars, and in Afghanistan.
Many RMC alumni have had careers in the public or private sectors. Marc Garneau was the first Canadian in space and now is a Member of Parliament. Chris Hadfield became a test pilot, astronaut, the first Canadian to walk in space and the first Canadian commander of the International Space Station.

title: William Bridges (general) hierarchical section title: William Bridges (general) caption reference description: Major General William Bridges c. 1914 caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Australian Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG (1861–1915). content: Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges, KCB, CMG was a senior Australian Army officer who was instrumental in establishing the Royal Military College, Duntroon and who served as the first Australian Chief of the General Staff. During the First World War he commanded the 1st Australian Division at Gallipoli, where he died of wounds on 18 May 1915, becoming the first Australian general officer to be killed during the war. He was the first Australian—and the first graduate of Kingston—to reach the rank of major general, the first to command a division, and the first to receive a knighthood. He is one of only two Australians killed in action in the Great War to be interred in Australia.

title: Royal Military College, Duntroon section title: History hierarchical section title: Royal Military College, Duntroon / History caption reference description: Major General William Bridges caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Australian Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG (1861–1915). content: The Royal Military College, Duntroon, also known simply as Duntroon, is the Australian Army's officer training establishment. It was founded at Duntroon, in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, in 1911 and is located at the foot of Mount Pleasant near Lake Burley Griffin, close to the Department of Defence headquarters at Russell Hill. It is comparable with the United Kingdom's Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and the United States Military Academy at West Point. Duntroon is adjacent to the Australian Defence Force Academy, which is Australian Defence Force's tri-service military academy that provides military and tertiary academic education for junior officers of the Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force and the Royal Australian Navy.

title: Chief of Army (Australia) section title: Appointees hierarchical section title: Chief of Army (Australia) / Appointees caption attribution description: English: Portrait of Australian Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG (1861–1915). caption alt text description: William Bridges CMG content: The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary, Department of Defence. The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general.
Lieutenant General Richard Burr, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2018.


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title: Narita, Chiba section title: Rail hierarchical section title: Narita, Chiba / Transportation / Rail caption reference description: Kōzunomori Station content: Narita is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the site of Narita International Airport, the main international airport serving the Greater Tokyo Area.
As of February 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 131,096, and a population density of 613 persons per km². Its total area is 213.84 square kilometres.

title: Kōzunomori Station hierarchical section title: Kōzunomori Station caption reference description: Kōzunomori Station content: Kōzunomori Station is a railway station on the Keisei Main Line in Narita, Chiba, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway.


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title: Time On Target hierarchical section title: Time On Target caption reference description: Animation showing how six shots of different elevation, speed and timing can be used to hit a target at the same time (Click for SVG animated with SMIL) content: Time On Target is the military co-ordination of artillery fire by many weapons so that all the munitions arrive at the target at roughly the same time. The military standard for coordinating a time-on-target strike is plus or minus three seconds from the prescribed time of impact.
In terms of target area, the historical standard was for the impact to occur within one circular error probable of the designated target. CEP is the area on and around the target where most of the rounds will impact and therefore cause the maximum damage. The CEP depends on the caliber of the weapon, with larger caliber munitions having greater CEPs or greater damage on the target area. With the advent of "smart" munitions and more accurate firing technology, CEP is now less of a factor in the target area.
In terms of time, Time on Target is also a reference to the period of time that a radar illuminates a target during a scan. It is closely associated with Dwell period. There may be multiple dwell periods within the Time on Target period.


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title: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán hierarchical section title: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán caption reference description: General Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán caption attribution description: Español: General Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán content: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán is a Colombian Army General. He is currently the highest ranking member of the Colombian Military, serving as the Commander General of the Colombian Armed Forces. He was also the Chief Army General, and prior to that he served as the commander of the 5th Army Division.

title: General Commander of the Military Forces (Colombia) section title: List of Chiefs hierarchical section title: General Commander of the Military Forces (Colombia) / List of Chiefs caption attribution description: Español: General Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán caption alt text description: Juan Pablo Rodríguez Barragán content: The General Commander of the Military Forces is the professional head of the Military Forces of Colombia. He is responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Colombian military. The current commander is General Luis Fernando Navarro Jiménez.


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title: List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi section title: Photos hierarchical section title: List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi / Monuments and memorials / Photos caption attribution description: English: Holmes County Courthouse and Confederate Monument (left foreground) in Lexington, Mississippi[1] content: Note: This is a sublist of List of Confederate monuments and memorials from the Mississippi section.
This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America, Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public works.
This list does not include figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy, but not with the Confederacy.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Holmes County, Mississippi section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Holmes County, Mississippi / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Holmes County Courthouse and Confederate Monument (left foreground) in Lexington, Mississippi[1] caption alt text description: Holmes County Courthouse Complex content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Holmes County, Mississippi.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 17 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 19, 2020.


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title: Fredonia, North Dakota hierarchical section title: Fredonia, North Dakota caption reference description: Location of Fredonia, North Dakota content: Fredonia is a city in Logan County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 46 at the 2010 census. Fredonia was founded in 1905.


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title: Hokkaido Railway Company section title: Lines and key stations hierarchical section title: Hokkaido Railway Company / Lines and key stations caption reference description: KiHa 283 series DMU Super Hokuto caption attribution description: English: A JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 series tilting DMU on a Super Hokuto limited express service on the Hakodate Main Line 日本語: 七飯－大沼（函館本線）にて撮影。 content: The Hokkaido Railway Company is one of the constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group, and is often referred to using its official abbreviation of JR Hokkaido. It operates intercity and local rail services in Hokkaido, Japan. The company introduced Kitaca, a smart card ticketing system, in autumn 2008.
At the time of its privatization in 1987, JR Hokkaido operated 21 railway lines totalling 3,176.6 kilometres of narrow-gauge track, as well as a ferry service to Aomori. Since then, that figure has dwindled to just below 2,500 kilometres, as unprofitable lines have been shut down or spun off. The ferry service has also been replaced by the Seikan Tunnel.
On 19 November 2016, JR Hokkaido's President announced plans to further rationalize its network by the withdrawal of services from up to 1,237 km, or about 50% of the current network, including closure of the remaining section of the Rumoi Main Line, the Shin-Yubari - Yubari section of the Sekisho Line, the non-electrified section of the Sassho Line and the Nemuro Line between Furano and Kami-Ochiai Junction.

title: KiHa 283 series hierarchical section title: KiHa 283 series caption reference description: KiHa 283 series on a Super Hokuto service, June 2001 caption attribution description: English: A JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 series tilting DMU on a Super Hokuto limited express service on the Hakodate Main Line 日本語: 七飯－大沼（函館本線）にて撮影。 content: The KiHa 283 series is a tilting diesel multiple unit train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 1997. They were based on the KiHa 281 series trains introduced in 1994.

title: Tilting train hierarchical section title: Tilting train caption reference description: A Japanese KiHa 283 series tilting DMU, which can tilt up to 8° (6° in normal operation) caption attribution description: English: A JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 series tilting DMU on a Super Hokuto limited express service on the Hakodate Main Line 日本語: 七飯－大沼（函館本線）にて撮影。 content: A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest, and standing passengers to lose their balance. Tilting trains are designed to counteract this; by tilting the carriages towards the inside of the curve it compensates for the g-force. The train may be constructed such that inertial forces cause the tilting, or it may have a computer-controlled powered mechanism.
The first passive tilting car design was built in the US in 1937, and an improved version was built in 1939. The opening of WWII ended development. Talgo introduced a version based on their articulated bogie design in 1950s, and this concept saw use on a number of commercial services. Among these was the UAC TurboTrain, which was the first tilting train to enter commercial service in 1968 in the USA and Canada.

title: Hokuto (train) section title: Rolling stock hierarchical section title: Hokuto (train) / Rolling stock caption attribution description: English: A JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 series tilting DMU on a Super Hokuto limited express service on the Hakodate Main Line 日本語: 七飯－大沼（函館本線）にて撮影。 content: The Hokuto is a limited express train services between Sapporo and Hakodate in Hokkaido operated by Hokkaido Railway Company. The journey time of the Hokuto is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes.
Super Hokuto services started on 1 March 1994, and cut journey time by about 30 minutes due to the higher speeds through the many curves of the line between Sapporo and Hakodate. All trains have been renamed to Hokuto since 2020, after the KiHa 183 series used on the original Hokuto service was replaced with KiHa 261 series.

title: Diesel multiple unit section title: Japan hierarchical section title: Diesel multiple unit / Around the world / Asia/Australasia / Japan caption reference description: JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 tilting DMU on Hakodate Main Line caption attribution description: English: A JR Hokkaido KiHa 283 series tilting DMU on a Super Hokuto limited express service on the Hakodate Main Line 日本語: 七飯－大沼（函館本線）にて撮影。 content: A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as DMUs. Diesel-powered units may be further classified by their transmission type: diesel–mechanical DMMU, diesel–hydraulic DHMU, or diesel–electric DEMU.


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title: Maynooth GAA section title: History hierarchical section title: Maynooth GAA / History caption reference description: Entrance arch to Páirc Mhuire, with club crest visible. caption attribution description: Maynooth GAA park content: Maynooth GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland. It caters for the sporting and social needs of residential areas adjacent to its location for all ages through the promotion of Gaelic games — Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and handball.
Maynooth are the winners of two county senior football championships in 1896 and 1913 and two senior hurling championships in 1937 and 1939.