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title: Turquoise (color) section title: Turquoise gemstones hierarchical section title: Turquoise (color) / Turquoise gemstones caption reference description: The turquoise gemstone is the namesake for the color. caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) content: Turquoise is a blue/green color, based on the gem of the same name. The word turquoise comes from the French for "Turkish", as the gem was originally imported from Turkey. The first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573.
The X11 color named turquoise is displayed on the right.

title: Blue-green section title: Turquoise hierarchical section title: Blue-green / Variations / Turquoise caption reference description: A sample of turquoise caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) content: Blue-green is a representation of the color that is between green and blue on a typical traditional RYB color wheel. It belongs to the cyan family of colors.

title: Turquoise (color) hierarchical section title: Turquoise (color) caption reference description: The turquoise gemstone is the  namesake of the colour. caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) content: Turquoise is the colour of the gem turquoise. It is a slightly greenish shade of cyan. Turquoise is sometimes described as a mixture of pale blue and green. The name comes from the French word for Turkish.

title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones section title: State by state listing hierarchical section title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones / State by state listing caption reference description: Turquoise (1967) caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) caption alt text description: A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions. content: Some American states have made a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.
In the chart below the year in parentheses are the year when that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially made a State symbol or emblem.

title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones section title: Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones hierarchical section title: List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones / Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones caption reference description: Turquoise (1967) caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) caption alt text description: A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions. content: Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.
In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially adopted as a state symbol or emblem.

title: Oasisamerica section title: Cultural development hierarchical section title: Oasisamerica / Characteristics of the Oasisamerican cultures / Cultural development caption reference description: A pebble of turquoise caption attribution description: English: Turquoise pebble, made by tumbling the rough rock in a rotating drum with abrasive. The process takes many hours. Picture made without a camera by laying the carving on a flat bed scanner Deutsch: Türkis (Mineral) Español: Turquesa 日本語: トルコ石 Português: Turquesa Română: Turcoaz (mineral) content: Oasisamerica is a term that was coined by Paul Kirchhoff and published in a 1954 article, and is used by some scholars, primarily Mexican anthropologists, for the broad cultural area defining pre-Columbian southwestern North America. It extends from modern-day Utah down to southern Chihuahua, and from the coast on the Gulf of California eastward to the Río Bravo river valley. Its name comes from its position in relationship with the similar regions of Mesoamerica and mostly nomadic Aridoamerica. The term Greater Southwest is often used to describe this region by American anthropologists.
As opposed to their nomadic Aridoamerican neighbors, the Oasisamericans primarily had agricultural societies.


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title: Little Red River 106C hierarchical section title: Little Red River 106C caption reference description: Location in Saskatchewan content: Little Red River 106C is an Indian reserve of the Lac La Ronge Indian Band in Saskatchewan. It is 34 kilometers north of Prince Albert. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 354 living in 88 of its 98 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 48 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.


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title: Antoon Van den Braembussche hierarchical section title: Antoon Van den Braembussche caption reference description: Antoon Van den Braembussche during workshop "thinking about art." Drawing by Marcel Douwe Dekker, 1998 caption attribution description: Nederlands: Impressie van Antoon Van Den Braembussche, 1998 content: Antoon A.A. Van den Braembussche is a Flemish Philosopher of Culture, Emeritus Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and a poet. He started as a poet, became a professor in the philosophy of history, and later specialized in art philosophy.
In his more recent work Van den Braembussche has focused on postmodernism, poststructuralism, and intercultural aesthetics. Important themes are representation and collective memory, and the philosophy of digital culture and contemporary art.


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title: List of shipwrecks in November 1944 section title: 20 November hierarchical section title: List of shipwrecks in November 1944 / 20 November caption reference description: USS Mississinewa. caption attribution description: USS_Mississinewa_(AO-59)_20_November_1944. content: The list of shipwrecks in November 1944 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during November 1944.

title: List of maritime disasters in World War II hierarchical section title: List of maritime disasters in World War II caption attribution description: USS_Mississinewa_(AO-59)_20_November_1944. content: This is a list of naval vessels sunk or otherwise severely damaged with loss of life during the Second World War.

title: Kaiten section title: Effectiveness hierarchical section title: Kaiten / Effectiveness caption reference description: USS Mississinewa, victim of a kaiten attack on 20 November 1944 caption attribution description: USS_Mississinewa_(AO-59)_20_November_1944. content: Kaiten were manned torpedoes and suicide craft, used by the Imperial Japanese Navy in the final stages of World War II.

title: USS Mississinewa (AO-59) section title: Recent history hierarchical section title: USS Mississinewa (AO-59) / Recent history caption reference description: USS Mississinewa (AO-59), sinking on 20 November 1944. caption attribution description: USS_Mississinewa_(AO-59)_20_November_1944. content: USS Mississinewa (AO-59) was the first of two United States Navy ships of the name. She was a T3-S2-A1 Auxiliary Oiler of the US Navy, laid down on 5 October 1943 by the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard, Inc., Sparrows Point, Maryland; launched on 28 March 1944; sponsored by Miss Margaret Pence; and commissioned on 18 May 1944. Mississinewa was commanded by Captain Philip G. Beck.


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title: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences section title: Research Centres hierarchical section title: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences / Research Centres caption reference description: ID building houses the FCSH research centres caption attribution description: English: Investigação and Desenvolvimento Building, at Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (FCSH) of Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) - in Lisbon Português: Edifício Investigação e Desenvolvimento (I&D) da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) - em Lisboa content: The Portuguese Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas is an organic unit of the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. According to its statutes, “the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of NOVA University of Lisbon is an institution dedicated to education, scientific research and cultural creation". The Faculty's own identity stems from the coexistence of social sciences with humanities, allowing an unusual interdisciplinarity in the Portuguese higher education panorama.


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title: Grant Whytock hierarchical section title: Grant Whytock caption reference description: Grant Whytock ca. 1925. caption attribution description: English: editor Grant Whytock - publicity still content: Grant Whytock was an American film editor and producer who worked on more than 80 films over the course of his career.


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title: French Institute of Estonia section title: Overview hierarchical section title: French Institute of Estonia / Overview caption reference description: The French Institute of Estonia caption attribution description: Français : Côté rue Kuninga, été 2017. content: The French Institute of Estonia was founded in 1992 in Tallinn to promote cultural, scientific, academic and language cooperation between France and Estonia.

title: Institut français d'Estonie section title: Présentation hierarchical section title: Institut français d'Estonie / Présentation caption reference description: The French Institute of Estonia caption attribution description: Français : Côté rue Kuninga, été 2017. content: The French Institute of Estonia was founded in 1992 in Tallinn to promote cultural, scientific, academic and language cooperation between France and Estonia.


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title: Laramie Regional Airport section title: Facilities hierarchical section title: Laramie Regional Airport / Facilities caption reference description: Cowboy Aviation is the "fixed base" operation at Laramie Regional Airport serving private aviation. It offers refueling, concierge, a comfortable pilot's lounge and a large conference room. content: Laramie Regional Airport is three miles west of Laramie, in Albany County, Wyoming. It is owned by the Laramie Regional Airport Board. Airline service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.
Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 10,371 passenger boardings in calendar year 2008, 8,663 enplanements in 2009, and 8,999 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport based on enplanements in 2008.
The area has many businesses and the University of Wyoming and the Wyoming Technical Institute. The airport has airline flights to Denver, Colorado, but these are less than one percent of all flights. The airport has an important fire fighting role.


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title: Uzi section title: AG Strojnica ERO hierarchical section title: Uzi / Copies / AG Strojnica ERO caption reference description: Strojnica ERO caption attribution description: English: Croatian submachine Ero cal. 9×19mm Hrvatski: Strojnica Ero cal. 9×19mm content: The Uzi is a family of Israeli open-bolt, blowback-operated submachine guns. Smaller variants are often considered to be machine pistols. The Uzi was one of the first weapons to use a telescoping bolt design which allows the magazine to be housed in the pistol grip for a shorter weapon.
The first Uzi submachine gun was designed by Major Uziel "Uzi" Gal in the late 1940s shortly after the establishment of the State of Israel. The prototype was finished in 1950. First introduced to Israel Defense Forces special forces in 1954, the weapon was placed into general issue two years later. The Uzi has found use as a personal defense weapon by rear-echelon troops, officers, artillery troops and tankers, as well as a frontline weapon by elite light infantry assault forces.
The Uzi has been exported to over 90 countries. Over its service lifetime, it has been manufactured by Israel Military Industries, FN Herstal, and other manufacturers. From the 1960s through the 1980s, more Uzi submachine guns were sold to more military, law enforcement and security markets than any other submachine gun ever made.


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title: Jnan Chandra Ghosh hierarchical section title: Jnan Chandra Ghosh caption reference description: Jnan Chandra Ghosh caption attribution description: English: Indian Bengali Chemist content: Sir Jnan Chandra Ghosh was an Indian chemist best known for his contribution to the development of scientific research, industrial development and technology education in India.He served as the director of newly formed Eastern Higher Technical Institute in 1950, which was renamed as IIT Kharagpur in 1951. He was also the director of Indian Institute of Science Bangalore and Vice Chancellor of University of Calcutta.
He was also known for his development of anomaly of strong electrolytes and the dissociation - ionization theory.
J. C. Ghosh's other important contributions include his extensive study of photocatalysts under the influence of polarised light and developments of Fischer–Tropsch reaction for the synthesis of hydrocarbons. Dr. Ghosh made contributions in the field of application of Differential Thermal Analysis as tool to the systematic study of solid catalysts.
He also successfully guided research work on technical problems relating to the production from Indian raw materials of phosphatic fertilisers, ammonium sulphate, formaldehyde, potassium chlorate etc.


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title: Algonac, Michigan hierarchical section title: Algonac, Michigan caption reference description: Algonac looking north along St. Clair Drive caption attribution description: English: Algonac, MI caption alt text description: Algonac looking north along St. Clair Drive content: Algonac is a city in St. Clair County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,110 at the 2010 census.
Algonac is located at the southern end of the St. Clair River, just before it splits into a large delta region known as the St. Clair Flats. The St. Clair River drains Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair and is part of the Great Lakes Waterway.
At the center of Algonac is Algonac City Park, a park which contains a half-mile long boardwalk along the St. Clair River. Just to the north of the city is Algonac State Park.
Algonac was the birthplace of Emily Helen Butterfield, an artist and the first woman to be licensed as an architect in Michigan. She was famous for innovations in church architecture. It was the home of Chris-Craft boat company; the maker of the first mass-produced speed boats. It was also the home of Gar Wood, the first great speed boat racer.
Algonac is home to two museums dedicated to its history. The Algonac Clay Community Museum contains many displays of Algonac's local history. The Algonac Clay Maritime museum displays the maritime history of the city and township, with many displays of Chris-Craft boats and Gar Wood boats built here.


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title: Borová (Náchod District) hierarchical section title: Borová (Náchod District) caption attribution description: Čeština: Znak obce Borová (okres Náchod) caption alt text description: Official seal of Borová content: Borová is a village and municipality in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It is located, near the border with Poland.


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title: Deir ez-Zor section title: Islamic Invasion hierarchical section title: Deir ez-Zor / History / Islamic Invasion caption reference description: A map of al-Jazira region (Upper Mesopotamia) in the 8th century. Iyad played a leading role in the Muslim conquest of the region. content: Deir ez-Zor is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Located 450 km to the northeast of the capital Damascus on the banks of the Euphrates River, Deir ez-Zor is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. In the 2004 census, it had a population of 211,857 people.

title: Battle of Maskin section title: Second standoff and Umayyad takeover of the Jazira hierarchical section title: Battle of Maskin / Background / Second standoff and Umayyad takeover of the Jazira caption reference description: Map of the medieval Jazira, showing Qarqisiya (Circesium) and Nisibis content: The Battle of Maskin, also known as the Battle of Dayr al-Jathaliq from a nearby Nestorian monastery, was a decisive battle of the Second Fitna. It was fought in mid-October 691 near present-day Baghdad on the western bank of the river Tigris between the army of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and the forces of Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, governor of Iraq for his brother, the Mecca-based rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.
At the beginning of the battle, most of Mus'ab's troops refused to fight, having secretly switched allegiance to Abd al-Malik, and Mus'ab's main commander, Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar, was killed in action. Mus'ab was slain soon afterward, resulting in the Umayyads' victory and recapture of Iraq, which opened the way for the Umayyad reconquest of the Hejaz in late 692.

title: Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani section title: Career hierarchical section title: Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani / Career caption reference description: Map of the Jazira and surrounding regions content: Al-Walid ibn Tarif al-Shaybani was an eighth-century Kharijite leader. In 794 he launched a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, but was defeated and killed in 795.

title: Ras al-Ayn section title: Etymology hierarchical section title: Ras al-Ayn / Etymology caption reference description: Map of the medieval Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), showing Ras al-Ayn as part of Diyar Rabi'a administrative division content: Ras al-Ayn, also spelled Ras al-Ain, is a city in al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria, on the Syria–Turkey border.
One of the oldest cities in Upper Mesopotamia, the area of Ras al-Ayn has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic age. Later known as the ancient Aramean city of Sikkan, the Roman city of Rhesaina, and the Byzantine city of Theodosiopolis, the town was destroyed and rebuilt several times, and in medieval times was the site of fierce battles between several Muslim dynasties. With the 1921 Treaty of Ankara Ras al-Ayn became a divided city when its northern part, today's Ceylanpınar, was ceded to Turkey.
With a population of 29,347, it is the third largest city in al-Hasakah Governorate, and the administrative center of Ras al-Ayn District.
During the Syrian Civil War, the city became contested between Syrian opposition forces and People's Protection Units from November 2012 until it was finally captured by the YPG in July 2013. It was later captured by the Turkish Armed Forces and the Syrian National Army during the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, bringing it under the Turkish occupation of northern Syria.

title: Nineveh Plains section title: History hierarchical section title: Nineveh Plains / History caption reference description: A map of the "Jazira"'s provinces in medieval times. content: Nineveh Plains is a region in Iraq's Nineveh Governorate to the north and east of the city Mosul. Some parts of the Nineveh Plains are under federal Iraqi control and some parts are under the control of the Kurdistan Region, including Lalish and Ain Sifni.
The plains have a very heterogenous population with significant Arabs, Assyrians, Kurds, Yazidis, Shabaks and Turkmens, and includes ruins of ancient Assyrian cities and religious sites, such as Nimrud, Dur-Sharrukin, Mar Mattai Monastery, Rabban Hormizd Monastery and the Tomb of Nahum.

title: Diyar Bakr hierarchical section title: Diyar Bakr caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times content: Diyar Bakr is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira, the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiyah in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the Rabi'a subgroup of the Banu Bakr, and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid.
Diyar Bakr encompasses the region on both banks of the upper course of the river Tigris, from its sources to approximately where its course changes from a west-east to a southeasterly direction. Its main city was Amida, and other major settlements included Mayyafariqin, Hisn Kaifa, and Arzan. Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Bakr was usually part of the Jazira, but it was sometimes joined to the Armenian province to the north. In the late 9th century, it was controlled by an autonomous dynasty founded by Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani.

title: Upper Mesopotamia section title: Islamic empires hierarchical section title: Upper Mesopotamia / History / Islamic empires caption reference description: Al-Jazira region and its subdivisions (Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, and Diyar Rabi'a), during the Umayyad and Abbasid calipahtes. content: Upper Mesopotamia is the name used for the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Since the early Muslim conquests of the mid-7th century, the region has been known by the traditional Arabic name of al-Jazira and the Syriac variant Gāzartā or Gozarto. The Euphrates and Tigris rivers transform Mesopotamia into almost an island, as they are joined together at the Shatt al-Arab in the Basra Governorate of Iraq, and their sources in eastern Turkey are in close proximity.
The region extends south from the mountains of Anatolia, east from the hills on the left bank of the Euphrates river, west from the mountains on the right bank of the Tigris river and includes the Sinjar plain. It extends down the Tigris to Samarra and down the Euphrates to Hīt. The Khabur runs for over 400 km across the plain, from Turkey in the north, feeding into the Euphrates.
The major settlements are Mosul, Deir ez-Zor, Raqqa, al-Hasakah, Diyarbakır and Qamishli. The western, Syrian part, is essentially contiguous with the Syrian al-Hasakah Governorate and is described as "Syria's breadbasket".

title: Ahmad ibn Isa al-Shaybani section title: Life hierarchical section title: Ahmad ibn Isa al-Shaybani / Life caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) with its provinces in early medieval times content: Ahmad ibn Isa al-Shaybani, was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. In 882/3 he succeeded his father, Isa ibn al-Shaykh, as the virtually independent ruler of Diyar Bakr, and soon expanded his control over parts of southern Armenia as well. He gained control over Mosul as well in 891/2, but faced with a resurgent Abbasid Caliphate, he was deprived of the city and forced into a position of vassalage by Caliph al-Mu'tamid. Shortly after his death in 898, the Caliph deprived his son and heir, Muhammad, of the last territories remaining under the family's control.

title: Arabs in Turkey section title: Pre-Islamic period hierarchical section title: Arabs in Turkey / History / Pre-Islamic period caption reference description: Al-Jazira region and its subdivisions (Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, and Diyar Rabi'a), during the Umayyad and Abbasid calipahtes. content: Turkish Arabs refers to the 1.5-2 million citizens and residents of Turkey who are ethnically of Arab descent. They are the second-largest minority in the country after the Kurds, and are concentrated in the south. Since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011, millions of Arab Syrian refugees have sought refuge in Turkey.

title: Sinjar hierarchical section title: Sinjar caption reference description: Al-Jazira region in northern Iraq. content: Sinjar is a city in the north of Iraq. It is in Shingal District, Nineveh Province, near Mount Shingal. Many Yezidi people live in this city. In 2014, it was the site of the Sinjar massacre.

title: Ishaq ibn Kundaj section title: Seizure of Mosul hierarchical section title: Ishaq ibn Kundaj / Life / Seizure of Mosul caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times content: Ishaq ibn Kundaj or Kundajiq, was a Turkic military leader who played a prominent role in the turbulent politics of the Abbasid Caliphate in the late 9th century. Initially active in lower Iraq in the early 870s, he came to be appointed governor of Mosul in the Jazira in 879/80. He ruled Mosul and much of the Jazira almost continuously until his death in 891, despite becoming involved in constant quarrels with local chieftains, as well as in the Abbasid government's rivalry with the Tulunids of Egypt. On his death he was succeeded by his son, Muhammad, but in 892 the Abbasid government under Caliph al-Mu'tadid re-asserted its authority in the region, and Muhammad went to serve in the caliphal court.

title: Sayf al-Dawla section title: Early career under al-Hasan Nasir al-Dawla hierarchical section title: Sayf al-Dawla / Life / Early career under al-Hasan Nasir al-Dawla caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the homeland and main power base of the Hamdanids content: ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī, more commonly known simply by his laqab of Sayf al-Dawla, was the founder of the Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria and parts of western Jazira, and the brother of al-Hasan ibn Abdallah ibn Hamdan.
The most prominent member of the Hamdanid dynasty, Sayf al-Dawla originally served under his elder brother in the latter's attempts to establish his control over the weak Abbasid government in Baghdad during the early 940s CE. After the failure of these endeavours, the ambitious Sayf al-Dawla turned towards Syria, where he confronted the ambitions of the Ikhshidids of Egypt to control the province. After two wars with them, his authority over northern Syria, centred at Aleppo, and the western Jazira, centred at Mayyafariqin, was recognized by the Ikhshidids and the Caliph. A series of tribal rebellions plagued his realm until 955, but he was successful in overcoming them and maintaining the allegiance of the most important Arab tribes.

title: Iyad ibn Ghanm section title: Conquest of Upper Mesopotamia hierarchical section title: Iyad ibn Ghanm / Conquest of Upper Mesopotamia caption reference description: A map of al-Jazira region (Upper Mesopotamia) in the 8th century. Iyad played a leading role in the Muslim conquest of the region. content: ʿIyāḍ ibn Ghanm ibn Zuhayr al-Fihrī was an Arab general who played a leading role in the Muslim conquests of al-Jazira and northern Syria. He was among the handful of Qurayshi tribesmen to embrace Islam before the mass conversion of the tribe in 630, and was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In 634, under Caliph Abu Bakr, he governed the north Arabian oasis town of Dumat al-Jandal. Later, in 637, he became governor of al-Jazira, but was dismissed by Caliph Umar for alleged improprieties. Afterward, he became a close military aide of his cousin and nephew, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, under whose direction Iyad subjected much of Byzantine-held northern Syria, including Aleppo, Manbij and Cyrrhus.
When Abu Ubayda died in 639, Iyad succeeded him as governor of Hims, Qinnasrin and al-Jazira. In the latter territory, he launched a campaign to assert Muslim rule, first capturing Raqqa after besieging it and plundering its countryside. This was followed by the conquests of Edessa, Harran and Samosata under similar circumstances.

title: Taghlib section title: Early Muslim period hierarchical section title: Taghlib / History / Early Muslim period caption reference description: Map of the Jazira and its provinces, during the Islamic era. The Jazira was the abode of the Banu Taghlib from the late 6th century, and during the Abbasid era, several Taghlibi tribesmen governed its provinces and cities. The Taghlibi Hamdanid dynasty ruled much of Jazira between the mid-10th century and the start of the 11th century. content: The Banu Taghlib, also known as Taghlib ibn Wa'il, were an Arab tribe that originated in Najd, but later migrated and inhabited Upper Mesopotamia from the late 6th century onward. Their parent tribe was the Rabi'a, and they thus traced their descent to the Adnanites. The Taghlib were among the most powerful and cohesive nomadic tribes of the pre-Islamic era and were known for their bitter wars with their kinsmen from the Banu Bakr, as well as their struggles with the Lakhmid kings of al-Hira in Iraq. The tribe embraced Monophysite Christianity and remained largely Christian long after the advent of Islam in the mid-7th century. After early opposition to the Muslims, the Taghlib eventually secured for themselves an important place in Umayyad politics. They allied with the Umayyads and engaged in numerous battles with the rebellious Qaysi tribes during the Qays–Yaman feuding in the late 7th century.
During Abbasid rule, some individuals from the tribe embraced Islam and were given governorships in parts of the Caliphate.

title: Husayn ibn Hamdan section title: In Abbasid service hierarchical section title: Husayn ibn Hamdan / Biography / In Abbasid service caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the homeland and main power base of the Hamdanids content: Husayn ibn Hamdan ibn Hamdun ibn al-Harith al-Taghlibi was an early member of the Hamdanid family, who distinguished himself as a general for the Abbasid Caliphate and played a major role in the Hamdanids' rise to power among the Arab tribes in the Jazira.
Husayn entered caliphal service in 895, and through his co-operation with the caliphal government, he established himself and his family as the leader of the Arabs and Kurds of the Jazira, leading his troops to successful campaigns against the Qarmatians, Dulafids and Tulunids over the next few years. As one of the most distinguished generals of the Abbasid Caliphate, he rose in power and influence until 908, when he was one of the leading conspirators in the abortive coup against Caliph al-Muqtadir. Although the coup failed and Husayn was forced to flee the capital, he soon secured a pardon and served as governor in Jibal, where he again distinguished himself in military operations in south-central Iran. In ca. 911, he was appointed governor in Mosul, where he remained until rising in revolt in 914/5, for reasons that are unclear. Defeated and captured in 916, he was imprisoned in Baghdad, where he was executed in 918.

title: Al-Mu'tadid section title: Jazira, Transcaucasia, and the Byzantine front hierarchical section title: Al-Mu'tadid / Reign / Jazira, Transcaucasia, and the Byzantine front caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times; modern borders are also shown. content: Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Talha al-Muwaffaq, better known by his regnal name al-Mu'tadid bi-llah, was the Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 892 until his death in 902.
Al-Mu'tadid was the son of al-Muwaffaq, who was the regent and effective ruler of the Abbasid state during the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. As a prince, the future al-Mu'tadid served under his father during various military campaigns, most notably in the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion, in which he played a major role. When al-Muwaffaq died in June 891 al-Mu'tadid succeeded him as regent. He quickly sidelined his cousin and heir-apparent al-Mufawwid; when al-Mu'tamid died in October 892, he succeeded to the throne. Like his father, al-Mu'tadid's power depended on his close relations with the army. These were first forged during the campaigns against the Zanj and were reinforced in later expeditions which the Caliph led in person: al-Mu'tadid would prove to be the most militarily active of all Abbasid caliphs. Through his energy and ability, he succeeded in restoring to the Abbasid state some of the power and provinces it had lost during the turmoil of the previous decades.

title: Assyrian homeland section title: Middle Ages hierarchical section title: Assyrian homeland / History / Middle Ages caption reference description: A map of the "Jazira"'s provinces in medieval times. content: The Assyrian homeland or Assyria is a geo-cultural and historical region situated in Northern Mesopotamia that has been traditionally inhabited by Assyrians. The areas that form the Assyrian homeland are parts of present-day northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria. Moreover, the area that had the greatest concentration of Assyrians in the world until recently is located in the Assyrian Triangle, a region which comprises the Nineveh plains, southern Hakkari and Barwari regions.
Assyrian-populated cities in Iraq include those in the Nineveh Governorate region in northern Iraq such as Alqosh, Tel Keppe, Batnaya, Bartella, Tesqopa, Karemlash, Bakhdida and, up until 2014, Mosul. There is an Assyrian minority in the Dohuk Governorate cities of Zakho and Duhok in Iraqi Kurdistan, which are also located within the Assyrian triangle. In Iran, the Urmia Plain form part of the Assyrian homeland, although much of the Urmia Plain is inhabited by Azerbaijanis. However, nowadays the majority of Assyrians in Iran live in Tehran.

title: Diyar Mudar hierarchical section title: Diyar Mudar caption reference description: Map of al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) with its provinces in medieval times content: Diyar Mudar is the medieval Arabic name of the westernmost of the three provinces of al-Jazira, the other two being Diyar Bakr and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya I in the course of the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Mudar was settled by the Mudar tribe.
Diyar Mudar encompasses the region on both banks of the middle course of the river Euphrates, from the area of Samosata to the town of Anah, and includes the area of the Balikh River and the lower reaches of the river Khabur. Its main cities were Raqqa in the south and Edessa in the north, and other major cities included Harran, and Saruj.
Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Mudar was usually part of al-Jazira. In the mid-10th century, the region came under Hamdanid control, and under Sayf al-Dawla it was detached from the Jazira and the Hamdanids of Mosul and subordinated to the northern Syria-based Emirate of Aleppo. In the same period, the region came under attack by the resurgent Byzantine Empire.

title: Banu Shayban section title: History hierarchical section title: Banu Shayban / History caption reference description: The Jazira region and its subdivisions (Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, and Diyar Rabi'a) during the early Islamic period content: The Banu Shayban were an Arab tribe, a branch of the Bakr ibn Wa'il group. Throughout the early Islamic era, the tribe was settled chiefly in the Jazira, and played an important role in its history.

title: Thābit ibn Qurra section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Thābit ibn Qurra / Biography caption reference description: Al-Jazira region and its subdivisions (Diyar Bakr, Diyar Mudar, and Diyar Rabi'a) during the Abbasid Caliphate content: Al-Ṣābiʾ Thābit ibn Qurrah al-Ḥarrānī was an Arab Sabian mathematician, physician, astronomer, and translator who lived in Baghdad in the second half of the ninth century during the time of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Thābit ibn Qurrah made important discoveries in algebra, geometry, and astronomy. In astronomy, Thābit is considered one of the first reformers of the Ptolemaic system, and in mechanics he was a founder of statics.

title: Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani section title: In Armenia and the Jazira hierarchical section title: Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani / Life / In Armenia and the Jazira caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), with its provinces, in medieval times content: Abu Musa Isa ibn al-Shaykh ibn al-Salil al-Dhuhli al-Shaybani was an Arab leader of the Shayban tribe. Taking advantage of the domestic turmoil of the Abbasid Caliphate, he created a semi-independent bedouin state in Palestine and southern Syria in ca. 867–870, before an Abbasid army forced him to exchange his domains with the governorship of Armenia and Diyar Bakr. In Armenia, he struggled to contain the rising power of the Christian princes, but after failing to suppress the revolt of one of his own subordinates, he abandoned the country and returned to his native Jazira. There he spent his last years until his death in a struggle with a rival strongman, the ruler of Mosul Ishaq ibn Kundajiq.

title: Sinjar section title: Antiquity hierarchical section title: Sinjar / History / Antiquity caption reference description: A map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) province in the early Islamic era content: Sinjar is a town in the Sinjar District of the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. It is located about five kilometers south of the Sinjar Mountains. Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023. The town is one of the main settlement areas of the Yazidis and is also home to Sunni Muslim Arabs and Turkmens and Christians.

title: Hamdan ibn Hamdun section title: Life hierarchical section title: Hamdan ibn Hamdun / Life caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) content: Hamdan ibn Hamdun ibn al-Harith al-Taghlibi was a Taghlibi Arab chieftain in the Jazira, and the patriarch of the Hamdanid dynasty. Alongside other Arab chieftains of the area, he resisted the attempts at re-imposition of Abbasid control over the Jazira in the 880s, and joined the Kharijite Rebellion. He was finally defeated and captured by Caliph al-Mu'tadid in 895, but was later released as a reward for the distinguished services of his son Husayn to the Caliph.

title: Abu Taghlib section title: Reign hierarchical section title: Abu Taghlib / Life / Reign caption reference description: Map of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the homeland and main power base of the Hamdanids content: Fadl Allah Abu Taghlib al-Ghadanfar ʿUddat al-Dawla, usually known simply by his kunya as Abu Taghlib, was the third Hamdanid ruler of the Emirate of Mosul, encompassing most of the Jazira.
His reign was troubled, being marked by conflicts with some of his brothers, antagonism with the various branches of the Buyids for influence in Baghdad, and attacks by the Byzantine Empire under John I Tzimiskes. His relations with the Buyid emir of Iraq, 'Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar, were initially hostile, but the two later concluded an alliance. In 978, the Jazira was occupied by the Buyids of Shiraz under 'Adud al-Dawla, and he fled to the Fatimid-controlled parts of Syria, where he tried to secure the governorship of Damascus, and became involved in local rivalries which resulted in his defeat in battle and execution on 29 August 979.


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title: Tippi Hedren section title: Troubled relations hierarchical section title: Tippi Hedren / Career / Collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock (1961–1964) / Troubled relations caption reference description: Hedren in front of The Girl's poster in 2012 caption attribution description: English: Photo of Miss Hedren in front of The Girl's poster. content: Nathalie Kay "Tippi" Hedren is an American actress, animal rights activist, and former fashion model.
A successful fashion model who appeared on the front covers of Life and Glamour magazines, among others, Hedren became an actress after she was discovered by director Alfred Hitchcock while appearing on a television commercial in 1961. She received world recognition for her work in two of his films: the suspense-thriller The Birds, for which she won a Golden Globe, and the psychological drama Marnie. She has appeared in over 80 films and television shows, including Charlie Chaplin's final film A Countess from Hong Kong, the political satire Citizen Ruth, and the existential comedy I Heart Huckabees. Among other honors, her contributions to world cinema have been recognized with the Jules Verne Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Hedren's strong commitment to animal rescue began in 1969 while she was shooting two films in Africa and was introduced to the plight of African lions. In an attempt to raise awareness for wildlife, she spent over a decade bringing Roar to the screen.


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title: Comilla Jagannath Temple hierarchical section title: Comilla Jagannath Temple caption reference description: A sketch of The Jagannath temple in 1843 caption attribution description: English: Pen and ink drawing of the Comilla Jagannath Temple content: Comilla Jagannath Temple, also known as Sateroratna Mandir or seventeen-jewel temple, is located in Comilla, Bangladesh. It is dedicated to the Hindu God Jagannath. It dates back to the early 18th century and was built by Ratna Manikya II, who was the king of Tripura. The deities of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra were originally installed in a temple in Tripura from where they were subsequently shifted to this temple.
Jagannath Temple is one of the oldest temples of Comilla district. It is located two km south-east from Comilla town. The terracotta brickwork of the temple is in the typical Bengal style of temple architecture. The seventeen jewels are the towers that originally crowned the structure but have been damaged: eight on the first floor, eight on the second, and one more in the centre.

title: Comilla Jagannath Temple hierarchical section title: Comilla Jagannath Temple caption reference description: A sketch of The Jagannath temple in 1843 caption attribution description: English: Pen and ink drawing of the Comilla Jagannath Temple content: Comilla Jagannath Temple is a Hindu temple in Comilla, in southeastern Bangladesh. Its terracotta brick construction is in the typical Bengal style of temple architecture. The temple was originally built in the 16th century by Sree Sreejoktou Moharaja Rada Kishor Manikuo Bahadur, who was the king of Tripura. The statues of the deities of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra were originally installed in a temple in Tripura from where they were subsequently shifted to this temple.


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title: Exclusive economic zone section title: Definition hierarchical section title: Exclusive economic zone / Definition caption reference description: EEZs in the Pacific Ocean caption attribution description: Deutsch: Ausschließliche Wirtschaftszonen (EEZ) im Pazifischen Ozean English: Territorial waters (EEZ) of the Pacific Ocean content: An exclusive economic zone is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the continental shelf. The term does not include either the territorial sea or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nmi limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that the first confers full sovereignty over the waters, whereas the second is merely a "sovereign right" which refers to the coastal state's rights below the surface of the sea. The surface waters, as can be seen in the map, are international waters.


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title: Havre, Montana section title: Notable people hierarchical section title: Havre, Montana / Notable people caption reference description: Remarks by FDR on a balanced budget on 1937 visit to Havre content: Havre is the county seat and largest city in Hill County, Montana, in the United States. Havre is nicknamed the crown jewel of the Hi-Line. It is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France. As of the 2010 census the population was 9,310, and in 2018 the estimated population was 9,715.

title: Natural capital hierarchical section title: Natural capital caption reference description: Remarks from 1937 by FDR on "natural capital" and "balancing the budget of our resources" content: Natural capital is the world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms. Some natural capital assets provide people with free goods and services, often called ecosystem services. Two of these underpin our economy and society, and thus make human life possible.
It is an extension of the economic notion of capital to goods and services provided by the natural environment. For example, a well-maintained forest or river may provide an indefinitely sustainable flow of new trees or fish, whereas over-use of those resources may lead to a permanent decline in timber availability or fish stocks. Natural capital also provides people with essential services, like water catchment, erosion control and crop pollination by insects, which in turn ensure the long-term viability of other natural resources. Since the continuous supply of services from the available natural capital assets is dependent upon a healthy, functioning environment, the structure and diversity of habitats and ecosystems are important components of natural capital.


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title: Panoz Abruzzi hierarchical section title: Panoz Abruzzi caption reference description: Rear view caption attribution description: English: Panoz Abruzzi "Spirit of Le Mans" content: The Panoz Abruzzi was a grand tourer intended for manufacture by Panoz Auto Development for the European market. Production was to be limited to 81 units and it was expected to be delivered between 2011 and 2013, with a retail price of around £330,000. Much of the car was to be made of a multilayer composite known as REAMS, which Panoz claimed was as strong as carbon fiber but was more durable and could have been recycled.
The Abruzzi made its sports car racing debut at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2011.
In July 2014, production of the Abruzzi was not confirmed and it no longer appeared on the company's website.
The name of the car refers to the old name of Italian region of Abruzzo, where Don Panoz's grandfather lived before the 1915 earthquake forced him and his family to move to United States.


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title: Albert Wohlstetter section title: University of Chicago hierarchical section title: Albert Wohlstetter / University of Chicago caption reference description: The Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy meets with President Reagan to discuss their report, Discriminate Deterrence. Members of the commission on the left side of the table (clockwise from the bottom of the photograph to the top): Gen. Bernard Schriever, former Commander, Air Force Systems Command; Judge William P. Clark, former National Security Adviser; Ambassador Anne Armstrong, Chairperson, President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board; Gen. John Vessey, former Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff; Albert Wohlstetter; Fred Iklé, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; Zbigniew Brzezinski, former National Security Adviser; Gen. Andrew J. Goodpaster, former  NATO Supreme Allied Commander; W. Graham Claytor, Jr., former Secretary of the Navy and Deputy Secretary of Defense; Samuel P. Huntington, Director, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University; Admiral James L. Holloway III, former Chief of Naval Operations (Commission members not present: Henry A. Kissinger, former National Security Adviser and Secretary of State; Joshua Lederberg, Professor of molecular genetics and informatics and President of Rockefeller University). The President and staff, right side of table, (top to bottom): National Security Adviser Colin Powell; President Ronald Reagan; Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci (obstructed); Chief of Staff Howard Baker. White House Cabinet Room, Washington, D.C., 12 January 1988. Photograph by William Fitz-Patrick, courtesy of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. The Commission held a press briefing later that day at the Pentagon which is available via C-SPAN. content: Albert James Wohlstetter was an American political scientist noted for his influence on U.S. nuclear strategy during the Cold War. He and his wife Roberta Wohlstetter, an accomplished historian and intelligence expert, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Ronald Reagan on November 7, 1985.


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title: Palácio Monroe hierarchical section title: Palácio Monroe caption reference description: Palácio Monroe. content: The Palácio Monroe was a monumental hall in the Centro neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was originally built in St. Louis to act as the Brazilian Pavilion during the 1904 World's Fair. Following the World's Fair, the building was dismantled and transported in cargo ships to Rio de Janeiro, where it was rebuilt in 1906. Its grand opening at the 3rd Pan-American Conference was held on July 23, 1906. From 1914 to 1920, the palace was used as the home of the Brazilian Congress. From 1925 to 1960 it was used as home to the Brazilian Senate. On October 11, 1975, the Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel authorised the building's demolition. The decision was contrary to the Rio de Janeiro State's decision declaring the building an Official Landmark in 1974.


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title: Manitou Mineral Springs section title: History hierarchical section title: Manitou Mineral Springs / History caption reference description: Soda spring, 1870 content: Manitou Mineral Springs are natural mineral springs in Manitou Springs, Colorado and Cheyenne Spring House is on the National Register of Historic Places. The springs are located in one of the country's largest National Historic Districts.


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title: List of birds of Oman section title: Starlings hierarchical section title: List of birds of Oman / Starlings caption reference description: Tristram's starling, common in the mountains of the south. caption attribution description: English: A male Tristam's Starling content: This is a list of the bird species recorded in Oman. The avifauna of Oman include a total of 543 species, of which 7 have been introduced by humans. 27 species are globally threatened.
This list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature generally follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2019 edition with a few changes based on the list of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect the Clements taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Oman.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.
Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Oman
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Oman as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Oman although populations exist elsewhere
(X) Extinct - a species or subspecies that no longer exists


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title: Tervuren section title: Education hierarchical section title: Tervuren / Education caption reference description: A (mirrorerd) view on the castle of Tervuren by Sanderus from 1659 caption attribution description: English: A (mirrorerd) view on the castle of Tervuren by Sanderus from 1659 (DH Collection) content: Tervuren is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, in Flanders, Belgium. The municipality comprises the villages of Duisburg, Tervuren, Vossem and Moorsel. On January 1, 2006, Tervuren had a total population of 20,636. The total area is 32.92 km², which gives it a population density of 627 inhabitants per km².
The official language of Tervuren is Dutch. Local minorities consist primarily of French speakers and nationals of many countries of the European Union, the USA, and Canada. The reason for this diverse mix of nationalities is the presence of expatriate workers and their families working in and around Brussels, usually either for the European Union, NATO or for multinational corporations. The British School of Brussels has been located in Tervuren since 1970. Tervuren is also home of the English speaking St. Paul's Church, part of the Anglican Church
Tervuren is one of the richest municipalities in Belgium. It is linked to Brussels by a large processional avenue, Tervurenlaan, built by king Leopold II for the Universal Exhibition of 1897. This interweaves with a combined heritage and commuter tramline.


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title: Lovers in Quarantine hierarchical section title: Lovers in Quarantine caption reference description: Lobby card caption attribution description: English: Lobby card for the American comedy film Lovers in Quarantine (1925). There are no copyright marks on the item. At lower left is Country of origin USA. At lower right is This lobby display leased from Paramount Famous Players Lasky Corporation. United States Copyright Office page 2 "Visually Perceptible Copies The notice for visually perceptible copies should contain all three elements described below. They should appear together or in close proximity on the copies. 1 The symbol © (letter C in a circle); the word “Copyright”; or the abbreviation “Copr.” 2 The year of first publication. If the work is a derivative work or a compilation incorporating previously published material, the year date of first publication of the derivative work or compilation is sufficient. Examples of derivative works are translations or dramatizations; an example of a compilation is an anthology. The year may be omitted when a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, with accompanying textual matter, if any, is reproduced in or on greeting cards, postcards, stationery, jewelry, dolls, toys, or useful articles. 3 The name of the copyright owner, an abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally known alternative designation of owner.1 Example © 2007 Jane Doe." content: Lovers in Quarantine is an extant 1925 American silent comedy film starring Bebe Daniels and directed by Frank Tuttle. It was produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The film is based on a 1924 Broadway play Quarantine by F. Tennyson Jesse. It is preserved at the Library of Congress.


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title: Blue Wing Inn section title: Later uses of the adobe hierarchical section title: Blue Wing Inn / Later uses of the adobe caption reference description: South Balcony - Second Story (Rear) - 1934 content: The Blue Wing Inn in Sonoma, California, was one of the first hotels built in the state north of San Francisco. What began as the first property transfer in the new Pueblo de Sonoma and a simple adobe residence transformed with time and the addition of more rooms into a storied landmark. During the California Gold Rush it was used by miners going to and from the gold fields and by the U.S. Army soldiers stationed in Sonoma. After many years, owners and uses - the Blue Wing Inn was purchased by the State of California in 1968 and is currently under study for its best use as part of Sonoma State Historic Park.


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title: Abirim hierarchical section title: Abirim caption attribution description: English: Akko sub-district of the North District of Israel for pushpin maps. caption alt text description: Abirim is located in Northwest Israel content: Abirim is a community settlement in northern Israel. Located in the Upper Galilee, three kilometres from Ma'alot-Tarshiha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In 2018 it had a population of 227. It is located in the middle of a natural oak forest bordering the Nahal Kziv nature reserve.

title: Eilon hierarchical section title: Eilon caption attribution description: English: Akko sub-district of the North District of Israel for pushpin maps. caption alt text description: Eilon is located in Northwest Israel content: Eilon is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located a mile south of Lebanese border and six miles east of the Mediterranean coast, the kibbutz sits on a ridge between two streams, Nahal Betzet and Nahal Kziv and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2018 it had a population of 1,020.

title: Beit Jann hierarchical section title: Beit Jann caption attribution description: English: Akko sub-district of the North District of Israel for pushpin maps. caption alt text description: Beit Jann is located in Northwest Israel content: Beit Jann is a Druze village on Mount Meron in northern Israel. At 940 meters above sea level, Beit Jann is one of the highest inhabited locations in the country. In 2018 it had a population of 11,864.

title: Kamon, Israel hierarchical section title: Kamon, Israel caption attribution description: English: Akko sub-district of the North District of Israel for pushpin maps. caption alt text description: Kamon is located in Northwest Israel content: Kamon is a community settlement in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee on the two eastern peaks of Mount Kammon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Misgav Regional Council. In 2017 it had a population of 1,366.

title: Yas'ur hierarchical section title: Yas'ur caption attribution description: English: Akko sub-district of the North District of Israel for pushpin maps. caption alt text description: Yas'ur is located in Northwest Israel content: Yas'ur is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located east of Acre in the Western Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2018 it had a population of 856.


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title: Wartrace, Tennessee hierarchical section title: Wartrace, Tennessee caption reference description: Location of Wartrace in Bedford County, Tennessee. content: Wartrace is a town in Bedford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 548 at the 2000 census and 651 at the 2010 census. It is located northeast of Shelbyville. The downtown area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Wartrace Historic District.
Wartrace is a hub of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry and has been nicknamed "the cradle of the Tennessee Walking Horse". It is home to the Wartrace Horse Show, held annually since 1906, and the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum has been headquartered in downtown Wartrace since 2012.


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title: Iraq War section title: 2011: U.S. withdrawal hierarchical section title: Iraq War / 2003–2011: Post-invasion phase / 2011: U.S. withdrawal caption reference description: U.S. Army soldier on the roof of an Iraqi police station in Haqlaniyah, July 2011 caption attribution description: English: U.S. Army Pvt. Aaron Wright pulls security on the roof of an Iraqi police station in Haqlaniyah, Anbar province, Iraq, July 13, 2011. Wright is an infantryman with Bravo Company, 2nd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment, 2nd Advise and Assist Brigade. content: The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,000 to 1,033,000 Iraqis were killed in the first three to four years of conflict. US troops were officially withdrawn in 2011. However, following the spread of the Syrian Civil War and the territorial gains of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the Obama administration decided to redeploy US forces to Iraq in 2014. Many former soldiers are employed by defence contractors and private military companies. The U.S. became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion occurred as part of the George W. Bush administration's War on Terror, following the September 11 attacks.
In October 2002, Congress authorized President Bush to launch a military attack against Iraq if he decides it is necessary.


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title: Ponte da Ajuda section title: History hierarchical section title: Ponte da Ajuda / History caption reference description: The bridge over the right bank with a view of the ruined tower caption attribution description: English: Ajuda bridge as seen from Elvas, Portugal. Português: Ponte da Ajuda - vista longitudinal a partir do lado de Elvas, em Portugal. content: The Bridge of Ajuda is a bridge that crosses the Guadiana River between Elvas and Olivenza.


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title: Montarville hierarchical section title: Montarville caption reference description: Montarville in relation to other electoral districts in Montreal and Laval content: Montarville is a federal electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015.
Montarville was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for 19 October 2015. It was created out of parts of the electoral districts of Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert, Verchères—Les Patriotes and Chambly—Borduas.


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title: Ruth Muskrat Bronson hierarchical section title: Ruth Muskrat Bronson caption reference description: 1923 caption attribution description: English: Ruth Muskrat content: Ruth Muskrat Bronson was a Cherokee poet, educator and Indian rights activist. After completing her education, Bronson became the first Guidance and Placement Officer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She served as executive secretary for the National Congress of American Indians, which was founded in 1944, and created their legislative news service.
After a decade of work in Washington, D.C., Bronson moved to Arizona. There she served as a health education specialist for the Indian Health Service. Upon her retirement from the government, she received the Oveta Culp Hobby Service Award from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. She continued working for Native American rights, promoting their development and leadership in the private sector until her death.


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title: Ústí nad Labem Region section title: Photo gallery hierarchical section title: Ústí nad Labem Region / Photo gallery caption attribution description: Čeština: Pohled na Bořeňské středohoří z litvínovského Koldomu content: Ústí nad Labem Region or Ústecký Region, is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western part of the historical land of Bohemia, and named after the capital, Ústí nad Labem. It covers the majority of the former North Bohemia province and is part of the broader area of North Bohemia.
The region borders the regions of Liberec, Central Bohemia, Plzeň, Karlovy Vary and the German region of Saxony to the north.
The Ústí region comprises a range of very different types of landscape. Between the high escarpment of the Ore Mountains range and the Bohemian Central Uplands with many volcanic hills, there are vast areas devastated by surface coal mining, partly being recultivated into an artificial landscape with ponds, plains and groves. The Elbe river runs through the Central Uplands in a winding gorge of the Porta Bohemica. The southern part of the region, Polabí, is flat and fertile, while in the northeast are the sandstone formations of Bohemian Switzerland, including the monumental Pravčická brána, a natural sandstone arch.
The geographical location of the area, between Prague and Germany, has been a significant factor in the region’s development.


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title: Kalsoy hierarchical section title: Kalsoy caption reference description: Location within the Faroe Islands caption attribution description: Position of Kalsoy, Faroe Islands caption alt text description: Location within the Faroe Islands content: Kalsoy is an island in the north-east of the Faroe Islands of Denmark between Eysturoy and Kunoy. The name means man island; by contrast with the parallel island to the east, Kunoy, the name of which means woman island.
The northernmost part of the island was used as a filming location for the 25th James Bond movie "No Time to Die".
Kalsoy, like Svínoy, is a comparatively isolated island, in that no bridge, tunnel, or causeway links to it.


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title: R v Perka section title: Raid hierarchical section title: R v Perka / Background / Raid caption reference description: Whitecap in Sydney Inlet, Vancouver Island, May 22, 1979 caption attribution description: English: Yacht Whitecap in Sydney Inlet, Vancouver Island, May 22, 1979. Photo courtesy U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. content: R. v. Perka, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 232 is, along with R v Latimer, a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the criminal defence of necessity.


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title: Udono, Mie hierarchical section title: Udono, Mie caption reference description: former Udono village hall caption attribution description: Town Hall of Kihō, Mie, Japan caption alt text description: former Udono village hall content: Udono was a village located in Minamimuro District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2004, the village had an estimated population of 4,852 and a population density of 1684.7 persons per km². The total area was 2.88 km².
On January 10, 2006, Udono was merged into the expanded town of Kihō and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality. As a result this merger, all villages in Mie Prefecture have ceased to exist.
The village of Udono was founded on February 13, 1894 with the early Meiji period establishment of municipalities. The basis of the village's economy was a paper mill operated by Hokuetsu Paper Mills.

title: Kihō, Mie hierarchical section title: Kihō, Mie caption reference description: Kihō Town Office caption attribution description: Town Hall of Kihō, Mie, Japan caption alt text description: Kihō Town Office content: Kihō is a town located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of September 2012, the town had an estimated population of 11,454 and a population density of 144 persons per km². The total area was 79.66 km².


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title: Hannah Miller House hierarchical section title: Hannah Miller House caption reference description: Front and southern side caption attribution description: English: Front and southwestern side of the Hannah Miller House, located off Mossy Creek Road near Mossy Creek in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. Built in 1814, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: Hannah Miller House, also known as the William Joseph House, is a historic home located near Mossy Creek, Augusta County, Virginia. It was built about 1814, and is a two-story, banked stone "Continental bank" house style dwelling. It sits on a full, but not fully excavated, basement and has an exterior stone chimney. As of 1978, the interior of the house was absolutely plain and little-altered, with a single room on each floor.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Augusta County, Virginia section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Augusta County, Virginia / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Front and southwestern side of the Hannah Miller House, located off Mossy Creek Road near Mossy Creek in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. Built in 1814, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. caption alt text description: Hannah Miller House content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Augusta County, Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 55 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 31, 2020.


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title: Grant Island (Okanagan Lake) hierarchical section title: Grant Island (Okanagan Lake) caption reference description: South side of Grant Island in Late Winter Morning caption attribution description: English: Late Winter of south side of Grant Island, Lake Okanagan. content: Grant Island is a bird sanctuary in Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Grant Island is located in the northern half of Okanagan Lake, about one kilometre from the shores of the municipality of Lake Country. Grant Island is one of only two islands in Okanagan Lake, the other being Rattlesnake Island.


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title: Raigarh section title: Economy hierarchical section title: Raigarh / Economy caption reference description: Kosa Silk culture at Kosabadi caption attribution description: English: Kosa Silk worm feeding on Terminalia arjuna leaves at Kosabadi, Raigarh. content: Raigarh is a city and municipal corporation in the Raigarh district of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The administrative headquarters of Raigarh district, it is known for its coal reserves and power generation for the state as well as the country. It is also known as Sanskardhani i.e. Cultural capital of Chhattisgarh.
With a population of just about 364,000, it is a rapidly growing industrial city and home to the Mohan Jute Mill, one of the oldest jute mills in India and the only one in Madhya Pradesh prior to the splitting off of Chhattisgarh in 2000. Raigarh is also a major producer of steel and iron ore as well as the cultural and industrial capital of Chhattisgarh. Jindal Steel and Power Limited is a major steel plant based in Raigarh. Raigarh is a major rice producing district with a net production of 350,000 tonnes per annum.


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title: Day of the Foundation of the Republic hierarchical section title: Day of the Foundation of the Republic caption attribution description: We joined in this dance and had a great time. content: Day of the Foundation of the Republic is the Republic Day and National day of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, held on 9 September.
The Day of the Foundation of the Republic is one of the most important holidays of the country, along with the Day of the Sun, Day of the Shining Star and Party Foundation Day.


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title: Foggia hierarchical section title: Foggia caption reference description: Foggia within the Province of Foggia content: Foggia is a city in the region of Apulia, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Foggia.

title: Foggia hierarchical section title: Foggia caption reference description: Foggia within the Province of Foggia content: Foggia is a city and comune of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".


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title: Refugee camp hierarchical section title: Refugee camp caption reference description: Mitzpe Ramon, development camp for Jewish refugees, southern Israel, 1957 caption attribution description: English: Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev. Русский: Мицпе Рамон 1957 год. content: A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually accommodate displaced persons who have fled their home country, but camps are also made for internally displaced people. Usually, refugees seek asylum after they have escaped war in their home countries, but some camps also house environmental and economic migrants. Camps with over a hundred thousand people are common, but as of 2012, the average-sized camp housed around 11,400. They are usually built and run by a government, the United Nations, international organizations, or non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni in Greece or the Calais jungle in France, are where refugees are largely left without support of governments or international organizations.
Refugee camps generally develop in an impromptu fashion with the aim of meeting basic human needs for only a short time. Facilities that make a camp look or feel more permanent are often prohibited by host country governments. If the return of refugees is prevented, a humanitarian crisis can result or continue.

title: Mitzpe Ramon section title: History hierarchical section title: Mitzpe Ramon / History caption reference description: Mitzpe Ramon in 1957 caption attribution description: English: Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev. Русский: Мицпе Рамон 1957 год. content: Mitzpe Ramon is a local council in the Negev desert of southern Israel. It is situated on the northern ridge at an elevation of 860 meters overlooking the world's largest erosion cirque, known as the Makhtesh Ramon. In 2019 it had a population of 5,211.

title: Development town hierarchical section title: Development town caption reference description: Mitzpe Ramon, a development town in southern Israel in 1957 caption attribution description: English: Mitzpe Ramon in the Negev. Русский: Мицпе Рамон 1957 год. content: Development towns were new settlements built in Israel during the 1950s in order to provide permanent housing for a large influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries, Holocaust survivors from Europe and other new immigrants, who arrived to the newly established State of Israel.
The towns were designed to expand the population of the country's peripheral areas while easing pressure on the crowded centre. Most of them were built in the Galilee in the north of Israel, and in the northern Negev desert in the south. In addition to the new towns, Jerusalem was also given development town status in the 1960s.
In the context of the Arab–Israeli conflict, Jewish refugees from Arab states were initially resettled in refugee camps, known variously as immigrant camps, ma'abarot and development towns. Development towns were subsequently considered by some to be places of relegation and marginalisation.


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title: Rotten Calder hierarchical section title: Rotten Calder caption reference description: Bend on Calder Water at Langlands/Hurlawcrook caption attribution description: English: Bend on Calder Water at Langlands content: The Rotten Calder is a river to the east of East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland and along with the Rotten Burn it forms the southern and western boundaries of Blantyre.
It begins as the Calder Water at its source at Ardochrig, and is joined by the Cleughearn, Lea and Drumloch Burns around Langlands Moss which drain from the Eldrig Hills. This river has also been titled the 'West' or 'South Calder Water', although the latter title is shared by another river in Motherwell. Upon being joined by the Rotten Burn to the south-east of East Kilbride, the river becomes the Rotten Calder Water. 'Water' is a term used in Scotland to denote a small river.
The Rotten Calder runs through a romantic scenic gorge titled Calderglen, where it flows through East Kilbride Parish. This area of the gorge is under the jurisdiction of Calderglen Country Park, run by South Lanarkshire Council. Over 160 nature trails border the river on both banks, in addition to the forest which occupies the slopes, and ferns, mosses and liverworts on the rocky precipices. Otter, roe deer and European green woodpecker can be seen in the southern reaches of the park.


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title: Mittheilungen aus dem Leben Geistesgestörter section title: Content hierarchical section title: Mittheilungen aus dem Leben Geistesgestörter / Content caption reference description: Table of contents of the book content: Mittheilungen aus dem Leben Geistesgestörter published in Pest, Hungary in 1859, is a novel written by Bruno Schön. The author, a popular priest and doctor of theology, dedicated himself to working in an insane asylum in Vienna and describes some of the cases he faced in his professional career. Schön wants to reduce the fear of the 'insane' and aims to create more understanding among the public for mental illnesses by giving short explanations of their various causes. Thus, his book is an attempt to bridge the gap between the common stigmas surrounding mental illness and professional psychiatric knowledge of the time. The focus of the book lies on giving funny and interesting examples, rather than on professional theories to keep the general public interested. It is thus a pioneer in giving information about mental illness, especially the symptoms of what is today known as schizophrenia.


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title: Islwyn Borough Transport hierarchical section title: Islwyn Borough Transport caption reference description: Preserved Leyland Leopard in Blackwood in July 2007 caption attribution description: English: New Bus Station Blackwood Ex Islwyn BC bus making it'sfirst visit to the new bus station. content: Islwyn Borough Transport was a Welsh bus operator providing services around Blackwood, Caerphilly, and surrounding towns in the former Borough of Islwyn between 1974 and 2010.

title: Blackwood Interchange hierarchical section title: Blackwood Interchange caption reference description: A classic bus in service at the rebuilt Blackwood Bus Station caption attribution description: English: New Bus Station Blackwood Ex Islwyn BC bus making it'sfirst visit to the new bus station. caption alt text description: A classic bus in service at the rebuilt Blackwood Bus Station content: Blackwood Interchange is a bus station located in the town centre of Blackwood, Caerphilly, South Wales. It is situated on Gordon Road adjacent to the High Street.


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title: Tiger Temple section title: The tigers hierarchical section title: Tiger Temple / The tigers caption reference description: Monk and tigers during walk in the quarry caption attribution description: English: Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua (Thai: วัดป่าหลวงตาบัว, complete name: Wat Pa Luangta Mahabua Yannasampanno - วัดป่าหลวงตามหาบัว ญาณสัมปันโน), a forest temple (=Wat Pha) in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. content: Tiger Temple, or Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua Yanasampanno, was a Theravada Buddhist temple in the Sai Yok District of Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province in the west of the country. It was founded in 1994 as a forest temple and sanctuary for wild animals, among them tigers, mostly Indochinese tigers. A "commercial" temple, Tiger Temple charged an admission fee.
The temple has long been accused by animal rights activists of mistreating the tigers for commercial gain and even trafficking some of its animals, though in 2005 it was cleared of allegations of animal mistreatment in an investigation by wildlife officials and a raid by Thai soldiers. Charges were pressed for unlicensed possession of 38 protected birds found on the temple grounds.
In May 2016, the Thailand Wildlife Conservation Office began capturing and relocating the tigers, intending to close the facility. Authorities counted 137 tigers on the premises, and the frozen bodies of 40 cubs, some of them dead for more than five years.


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title: Portugal section title: Tertiary sector hierarchical section title: Portugal / Economy / Tertiary sector caption attribution description: Deutsch: Kanal von Aveiro, Blick richtung StadtzentrumEnglish: Channel of Aveiro content: Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments. The official and national language is Portuguese.
Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. Inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples, visited by Phoenicians-Carthaginians, Ancient Greeks and ruled by the Romans, who were followed by the invasions of the Suebi and Visigothic Germanic peoples. After the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, most of its territory was part of Al-Andalus. Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista. Founded in 868, the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede.

title: Tourism in Portugal hierarchical section title: Tourism in Portugal caption reference description: Aveiro is known as the "Portuguese Venice". caption attribution description: Deutsch: Kanal von Aveiro, Blick richtung StadtzentrumEnglish: Channel of Aveiro content: Tourism in Portugal serves millions of international and domestic tourists. Tourists visit to see cities, historic landmarks, enjoy beaches, or religious sites. In 2017, Portugal had 23 million visitors. The most popular destinations were Lisbon, Porto, Fátima, the Portuguese Riviera and the Algarve. The most popular with internationals were Lisbon, the Algarve and Northern Portugal. National tourists prefer Northern Portugal, followed by Central Portugal and the Algarve.
In 2018, Portugal was visited by 12.8 million foreign visitors. Visitors from the United Kingdom and Spain were Portugal's two biggest sources of tourism with 1.83 million and 1.75 million visitors respectively. France and Germany followed with 1.3 million visitors each.

title: Aveiro, Portugal section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Aveiro, Portugal / Gallery caption attribution description: Deutsch: Kanal von Aveiro, Blick richtung StadtzentrumEnglish: Channel of Aveiro content: Aveiro is a city and a municipality in Portugal. In 2011, the population was 78,450, in an area of 197.58 square kilometres: it is the second most populous city in the Centro Region of Portugal. Along with the neighbouring city of Ílhavo, Aveiro is part of an urban agglomeration that includes 120,000 inhabitants, making it one of the most important populated regions by density in the North Region, and primary centre of the Intermunicipal Community of Aveiro and Baixo Vouga. Administratively, the president of the municipal government is José Ribau Esteves, elected by coalition between the Social Democratic Party and the Democratic Social Centre, who governs the ten civil parishes.


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title: Forest parks of New Zealand hierarchical section title: Forest parks of New Zealand caption reference description: Kaweka Forest Park in New Zealand caption attribution description: English: Photo from a trip from Kuripapango to The Tits (1418m) and back via Mackintosh Spur. Kaweka Range, New Zealand content: The forest parks of New Zealand are on public land administered by the Department of Conservation. These are defined as Conservation Parks.
Forest parks have a less stringent level of protection than National Parks and they are used for a wide variety of recreational and commercial activities.
Some forest parks have recently been renamed conservation parks, for instance, the former 'Whirinaki Forest Park' which became the 'Whirinaki Te Pua-a-Tāne Conservation Park' in 2010.

title: Kaweka Forest Park hierarchical section title: Kaweka Forest Park caption reference description: The Kaweka Range near Two Tits (1418 m) caption attribution description: English: Photo from a trip from Kuripapango to The Tits (1418m) and back via Mackintosh Spur. Kaweka Range, New Zealand content: Kaweka Forest Park is in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand, adjacent to Kaimanawa Forest Park. This region of the central North Island contains large tracts of pine plantations, some of them also within the park, and as a consequence, invasive wilding conifers are present throughout the 594 km² park.
The highest peak in the park is Kaweka at 1,724 metres.
The Mangatutu Hot Springs, in the vicinity of the Mohaka River, are in the park.


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title: Michigan Firehouse Museum section title: Exhibits hierarchical section title: Michigan Firehouse Museum / Exhibits caption reference description: Exterior of the 2002 addition caption attribution description: English: The exterior of the Michigan Firehouse Museum in Ypsilanti, Michigan (United States). content: The Michigan Firehouse Museum and Education Center is a fire museum dedicated to the history of firefighting in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located at 110 West Cross Street in Ypsilanti, Michigan.


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title: Shimoyamamura Station hierarchical section title: Shimoyamamura Station caption reference description: Shimoyamamura Station in June 2008 caption attribution description: English: JR Iida line Shimoyamamura station 日本語: JR飯田線下山村駅 content: Shimoyamamura Station is a railway station on the Iida Line in Iida, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company.


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title: Gustav I of Sweden section title: End of reign hierarchical section title: Gustav I of Sweden / End of reign caption reference description: Gustav Ericsson Vasa in his old age content: Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as king on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.
As king, Gustav proved an energetic administrator with a ruthless streak not inferior to his predecessor's, brutally suppressing subsequent uprisings. He worked to raise taxes and bring about a Reformation in Sweden, replacing the prerogatives of local landowners, noblemen and clergy with centrally appointed governors and bishops. His 37-year rule, which was the longest of a mature Swedish king to that date saw a complete break with not only the Danish - Norwegian supremacy but also the Roman Catholic Church, whose assets were nationalised, with the Lutheran Church of Sweden established under his personal control.


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title: KV62 section title: Contents hierarchical section title: KV62 / Layout of tomb / Burial chamber / Contents caption reference description: The right side walls of the shrines and the sarcophagus caption attribution description: English: The picture shows the right side walls of the shrines and the sarcophagus from Tutankhamun's tomb (replicas). They are shown in the correct size ratio. The photo was composed of several single shots. Deutsch: Das Bild zeigt die rechten Seitenwände der Schreine und des Sarkophages aus dem Grab des Tutanchamun (Repliken). Sie sind im korrekten Größenverhältnis zueinander dargestellt. Das Foto wurde aus mehreren Einzelaufnahmen zusammengesetzt. Français : La photo montre les murs latéraux droits des sanctuaires et le sarcophage de la tombe de Toutankhamon (répliques). Ils sont montrés dans le rapport de taille correct les uns par rapport aux autres. La photo était composée de plusieurs plans individuels. content: KV62 is the standard Egyptological designation for the tomb of young pharaoh Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, now renowned for the wealth of valuable antiquities that it contained. Howard Carter discovered it in 1922 underneath the remains of workmen's huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was largely spared the desecration and tomb clearances at the end of the 20th Dynasty, although it was robbed and resealed twice in the period after its completion.
The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray due to its small size, the two robberies, and the apparently hurried nature of its completion. It took eight years to empty due to the state of the tomb and to Carter's meticulous recording technique. The contents were all transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Tutankhamun's tomb had been entered at least twice not long after his mummy was buried, and well before Carter's discovery. The outermost doors were unsealed leading into the shrines enclosing the king's nested coffins, though the inner two shrines remained intact and sealed.


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title: Gerzeh culture section title: Cylinder seals hierarchical section title: Gerzeh culture / Historical context / Contacts with Western and Central Asia / Cylinder seals caption reference description: Jemdet Nasr-style Mesopotamian cylinder seal, from Grave 7304 Cemetery 7000 at Naqada, Naqada II period.[16] caption attribution description: English: Jemdet Nasr style Mesopotamian cylinder seal from Grave 7304 Cemetery 7000 at Naqada content: The Gerzeh culture, also called Naqada II, refers to the archaeological stage at Gerzeh, a prehistoric Egyptian cemetery located along the west bank of the Nile. The necropolis is named after el-Girzeh, the nearby contemporary town in Egypt. Gerzeh is situated only several miles due east of the oasis of Faiyum.
The Gerzeh culture is a material culture identified by archaeologists. It is the second of three phases of the prehistoric Nagada cultures and so is also known as Naqada II. The Gerzeh culture was preceded by the Amratian culture and followed by the Naqada III.

title: Jemdet Nasr period section title: Artifacts hierarchical section title: Jemdet Nasr period / Artifacts caption attribution description: English: Jemdet Nasr style Mesopotamian cylinder seal from Grave 7304 Cemetery 7000 at Naqada content: The Jemdet Nasr Period is an archaeological culture in southern Mesopotamia. It is generally dated from 3100–2900 BC. It is named after the type site Tell Jemdet Nasr, where the assemblage typical for this period was first recognized. Its geographical distribution is limited to south-central Iraq. The culture of the proto-historical Jemdet Nasr period is a local development out of the preceding Uruk period and continues into the Early Dynastic I period.

title: Egypt–Mesopotamia relations section title: Cylinder seals hierarchical section title: Egypt–Mesopotamia relations / Influences on Egyptian trade and art (3500–3200 BCE) / Designs and objects / Cylinder seals caption reference description: Jemdet Nasr-style Mesopotamian cylinder seal, from Grave 7304 Cemetery 7000 at Naqada, Naqada II period.[17] caption attribution description: English: Jemdet Nasr style Mesopotamian cylinder seal from Grave 7304 Cemetery 7000 at Naqada content: Egypt–Mesopotamia relations were the relations between the civilisations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, in the Middle East. They seem to have developed from the 4th millennium BCE, starting in the Uruk period for Mesopotamia and the Gerzean culture of Prehistoric Egypt. Influences can be seen in the visual arts of Egypt, in imported products, and also in the possible transfer of writing from Mesopotamia to Egypt and generated "deep-seated" parallels in the early stages of both cultures.


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title: Copernicus Airport Wrocław section title: Statistics hierarchical section title: Copernicus Airport Wrocław / Statistics caption reference description: Interior of Main Terminal caption attribution description: Polski: Terminal T2 we Wrocławiu - landside content: Copernicus Airport Wrocław is an international commercial airport in Wrocław in southwestern Poland. The airport is located 10 km southwest of the city centre, at Graniczna street 190. It has one runway, one passenger terminal, one cargo terminal and one general aviation terminal. Wrocław airport is also often used by Polish Air Force and US Air Force.

title: Transport in Poland section title: Air transport hierarchical section title: Transport in Poland / Air transport caption reference description: Copernicus Airport Wrocław - interior of the terminal T2 caption attribution description: Polski: Terminal T2 we Wrocławiu - landside content: Transport in Poland involves air, water, road and rail transportation. The country has a large network of municipal public transport, such as buses, trams and the metro. As a country located at the 'cross-roads' of Europe, Poland, with its highly developed economy, is a nation with a large and increasingly modern network of transport infrastructure.
The country's most important waterway is the Vistula river. The largest seaports are the Port of Gdańsk, the Port of Gdynia and the Port of Szczecin. Air travel is generally used for international travel, with many flights originating at Warsaw Chopin Airport. Railways connect all of Poland's major cities and the state-owned Polish State Railways corporation, through its subsidiaries, runs a great number of domestic and international services of varying speed and comfort. In addition to this, five out of sixteen Polish voivodeships have their own provincial rail service providers.


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title: China–United States relations section title: Rapprochement hierarchical section title: China–United States relations / The People's Republic of China and the United States of America / Rapprochement caption reference description: President Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon walk with the American delegation and their Chinese hosts on the Great Wall of China. content: China–United States relations, also known as U.S.–Chinese relations, Chinese–U.S. relations, or Sino-American relations, refers to relations between China and the United States since the 18th century. The relationship between the two countries has been complex, and vary from positive to highly negative. After 1980 the economic ties grew rapidly. The relationship is of economic cooperation, hegemonic rivalry in the Pacific, and mutual suspicion over each other's intentions. Therefore, each nation has adopted a wary attitude regarding the other as a potential adversary but has meanwhile maintained an extremely strong economic partnership. It has been described by world leaders and academics as the world's most important bilateral relationship of the 21st century.
As of 2019, the United States has the world's largest economy and China has the second largest although China has a larger GDP when measured by PPP. Historically, relations between the two countries have generally been stable with some periods of open conflict, most notably during the Korean War and the Vietnam War.