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title: Lists of African Americans section title: Singers and musicians hierarchical section title: Lists of African Americans / Singers and musicians caption reference description: Louis Armstrong content: This is a list of African Americans, also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans. African Americans an ethnic group and citizens of the United States who have full or partial ancestry of any black racial groups of Africa; Black and African Americans form the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States, behind White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. African Americans are descendants of enslaved black people who are from the United States.
To be included in this list, the person must have a Wikipedia article and/or references showing the person is African-American.

title: 1901 section title: August hierarchical section title: 1901 / Births / August caption reference description: Louis Armstrong content: 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1901st year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 901st year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1901, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

title: List of 1920s jazz standards hierarchical section title: List of 1920s jazz standards caption reference description: Trumpeter, bandleader and singer Louis Armstrong was an important innovator of early jazz.[1][2] He introduced many contemporary popular songs to the jazz world that are now considered standards. caption alt text description: Short-haired black man in his fifties blowing into a trumpet. He is wearing a light-colored sport coat, a white shirt and a bow tie. He is faced left with his eyes looking upwards. His right hand is fingering the trumpet, with the index finger down and three fingers pointing upwards. The man's left hand is mostly covered with a handkerchief and it has a shining ring on the little finger. He is wearing a wristwatch on the left wrist. content: Jazz standards are musical compositions that are widely known, performed and recorded by jazz artists as part of the genre's musical repertoire. This list includes compositions written in the 1920s that are considered standards by at least one major book publication or reference work. Some of the tunes listed were already well-known standards by the 1930s, while others were popularized later. The time of the most influential recordings of a song, where appropriate, is indicated on the list.
A period known as the "Jazz Age" started in the United States in the 1920s. Jazz had become popular music in the country, although older generations considered the music immoral and threatening to old cultural values. Dances such as the Charleston and the Black Bottom were very popular during the period, and jazz bands typically consisted of seven to twelve musicians. Important orchestras in New York were led by Fletcher Henderson, Paul Whiteman and Duke Ellington. Many New Orleans jazzmen had moved to Chicago during the late 1910s in search of employment; among others, the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band and Jelly Roll Morton recorded in the city.

title: Culture of the United States section title: Theater hierarchical section title: Culture of the United States / Art / Theater caption reference description: Louis Armstrong was a jazz composer, vocalist and trumpeter content: The culture of the United States of America is primarily of Western origin, but is influenced by a multicultural ethos that includes African, Native American, Asian, Pacific Island, and Latin American people and their cultures. It also has its own distinct social and cultural characteristics, such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. The United States is ethnically and racially diverse as a result of large-scale migration throughout its history.

title: Vayeira section title: Modern hierarchical section title: Vayeira / Further reading / Modern caption reference description: Armstrong content: Vayeira, Vayera, or Va-yera is the fourth weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading. It constitutes Genesis 18:1–22:24. The parashah tells the stories of Abraham's three visitors, Abraham's bargaining with God over Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot's two visitors, Lot's bargaining with the Sodomites, the flight of Lot, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, how Lot's daughters became pregnant by their father, how Abraham once again passed off his wife Sarah as his sister, the birth of Isaac, the expulsion of Hagar, disputes over wells, and the binding of Isaac.
The parashah has the most words of any of the weekly Torah portions in the Book of Genesis, and its word-count is second only to parshat Naso in the entire Torah. It is made up of 7,862 Hebrew letters, 2,085 Hebrew words, 147 verses, and 252 lines in a Torah Scroll.
Jews read it on the fourth Sabbath after Simchat Torah, in October or November. Jews also read parts of the parashah as Torah readings for Rosh Hashanah. Genesis 21 is the Torah reading for the first day of Rosh Hashanah, and Genesis 22 is the Torah reading for the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

title: Honorific nicknames in popular music section title: A hierarchical section title: Honorific nicknames in popular music / Individual titles / A caption reference description: American trumpeter and singer Louis Armstrong is known as the "King of Jazz". content: Honorific nicknames in popular music are terms used, most often in the media or by fans, to indicate the significance of an artist, and are often religious, familial, or royal and aristocratic titles, used metaphorically. Honorific nicknames were used in classical music in Europe as early as the early nineteenth century, with figures such as Mozart being called "The father of modern music" and Bach "The father of modern piano music". They were also particularly prominent in African-American culture in the post-Civil War era, perhaps as a means of conferring status that had been negated by slavery, and as a result entered early jazz and blues music, including figures such as Duke Ellington and Count Basie.
In U.S. culture, despite its republican constitution and ideology, honorific nicknames have been used to describe leading figures in various areas of activity, such as industry, commerce, sports, and the media; father or mother have been used for innovators, and royal titles such as king and queen for dominant figures in a field.

title: 1971 in music section title: Deaths hierarchical section title: 1971 in music / Deaths caption reference description: Louis Armstrong died on July 6 content: List of notable events in music that took place in the year 1971.

title: Louis Armstrong hierarchical section title: Louis Armstrong caption attribution description: English: Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops  content: Louis Armstrong nicknamed Satchmo or Pops was an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana. He sang the blues and played the trumpet and the cornet. He was famous in many countries. He was also known for his good singing voice and he also encouraged the style of scat to the jazz world. Armstrong won many awards during his career.
He died of a heart attack in July 6, 1971 in Corona, Queens, New York City.

title: Outline of jazz hierarchical section title: Outline of jazz caption reference description: Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer. content: The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to jazz:
Jazz – musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States, mixing African music and European classical music traditions.
Jazz is a music genre that originated from African American communities of New Orleans in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation.
Jazz spans a period of over a hundred years, encompassing a very wide range of music, making it difficult to define. Jazz makes heavy use of improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swing note, as well as aspects of European harmony, American popular music, the brass band tradition, and African musical elements such as blue notes and African-American styles such as ragtime.

title: List of Billboard Middle-Road Singles number ones of 1964 hierarchical section title: List of Billboard Middle-Road Singles number ones of 1964 caption reference description: Louis Armstrong had the longest-running number one of the year with "Hello, Dolly!". caption alt text description: A dark-skinned man wearing a jacket and bow tie, playing a trumpet content: Adult Contemporary is a chart published by Billboard ranking the top-performing songs in the United States in the adult contemporary music genre. First published in 1961, the listing was compiled until 1965 by simply extracting from the magazine's all-genre chart, the Hot 100, those songs which were deemed of an appropriate style and ranking them according to their placings on the Hot 100. In 1964, 12 different songs topped the chart in 52 issues of the magazine. The chart was published under the title Middle-Road Singles through the issue of Billboard dated April 25, Pop-Standard Singles through the issue dated October 17, and Middle-Road Singles again for the remainder of the year.
The only artist to achieve more than one number one in 1964 was Dean Martin, who spent eight weeks in the top spot with "Everybody Loves Somebody" and one with "The Door Is Still Open to My Heart". Martin tied for the highest total number of weeks spent at number one with Louis Armstrong, who had an unbroken run of nine weeks at number one with "Hello, Dolly!", the longest uninterrupted run in the top spot during 1964.

title: Ralph de Toledano section title: Writings hierarchical section title: Ralph de Toledano / Writings caption reference description: Louis Armstrong, jazz trumpeter and singer (1953) was a favorite of Toledano content: Ralph de Toledano was an American writer in the conservative movement in the United States throughout the second half of the 20th century. A friend of Richard Nixon, he was a journalist and editor of Newsweek and the National Review, and the author of 26 books, including two novels and a book of poetry. Besides his political contributions, he also wrote about music, particularly jazz.

title: Solo (music) hierarchical section title: Solo (music) caption reference description: Trumpeter, bandleader and singer Louis Armstrong: as soloist. content: In music, a solo is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group, or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.
The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some context these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.
An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Originating as a musical term, "solo" was borrowed into other fields, as for example in the First solo flight of a student pilot.

title: Sanremo Music Festival section title: Notable foreign duet singers hierarchical section title: Sanremo Music Festival / Notable foreign duet singers caption reference description: Louis Armstrong participated in the festival in 1968. content: The Festival della canzone italiana di Sanremo is the most popular Italian song contest and awards ceremony, held annually in the town of Sanremo, Liguria, and consisting of a competition amongst previously unreleased songs. Usually referred to as Festival di Sanremo, or outside Italy as Sanremo Music Festival, it was the inspiration for the Eurovision Song Contest.
It is the music equivalent to the Premio Regia Televisiva for television, the Premio Ubu for stage performances, and the Premio David di Donatello for motion pictures.
The first edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, held between 29 and 31 January 1951, was broadcast by RAI's radio station Rete Rossa, and its only three participants were Nilla Pizzi, Achille Togliani, and Duo Fasano. Starting from 1955, all editions of the festival have been broadcast live by the Italian TV station Rai 1.
From 1951 to 1976, the Festival took place in the Sanremo Casino, but starting from 1977, all the following editions were held in the Teatro Ariston, except in 1990, which was held at the Nuovo Mercato dei Fiori.

title: Culture of New Orleans section title: Music hierarchical section title: Culture of New Orleans / Music caption reference description: Louis Armstrong, famous jazz musician content: The people and culture of New Orleans have made New Orleans, Louisiana, unique among and distinct from other cities in the United States, including other Southern U.S. cities. New Orleans in modern times has been described as being not a Southern city but a Caribbean city.
In a locale once used by Choctaw, Houmas, and other Indians, prominent cultural influences date to the French and Spanish colonial periods and the introduction of African slaves in the 18th century.

title: Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen hierarchical section title: Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen caption reference description: Louis Armstrong recorded his own cover of this song content: "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" is an African-American spiritual song that originated during the period of slavery but was not published until 1867. The song is well known and many cover versions of it have been done by artists such as Marian Anderson, Lena Horne, Louis Armstrong, Harry James, Paul Robeson, Sam Cooke among others. Anderson had her first successful recording with a version of this song on the Victor label in 1925. Horne recorded a version of the song in 1946. Deep River Boys recorded their version in Oslo on August 29, 1958. It was released on the extended play Negro Spirituals Vol. 1. The song was arranged by Harry Douglas.
It is one of the five spirituals included in the oratorio A Child of Our Time, first performed in 1944, by the classical composer Michael Tippett.

title: 1930s in jazz hierarchical section title: 1930s in jazz caption reference description: Trumpeter, bandleader and singer Louis Armstrong was a much-imitated innovator of early jazz. content: Swing jazz emerged as a dominant form in American music, in which some virtuoso soloists became as famous as the band leaders. Key figures in developing the "big" jazz band included bandleaders and arrangers Count Basie, Cab Calloway, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Fletcher Henderson, Earl Hines, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw. Duke Ellington and his band members composed numerous swing era hits that have become standards: "It Don't Mean a Thing", "Sophisticated Lady" and "Caravan", among others. Other influential bandleaders of this period were Benny Goodman and Count Basie.
Swing was also dance music. It was broadcast on the radio 'live' nightly across America for many years especially by Hines and his Grand Terrace Cafe Orchestra broadcasting coast-to-coast from Chicago, well placed for 'live' time-zones. Although it was a collective sound, swing also offered individual musicians a chance to 'solo' and improvise melodic, thematic solos which could at times be very complex and 'important' music.
Over time, social structures regarding racial segregation began to relax in America: white bandleaders began to recruit black musicians and black bandleaders.

title: Jazz section title: The Jazz Age hierarchical section title: Jazz / The Jazz Age caption reference description: Louis Armstrong began his career in New Orleans and became one of jazz's most recognizable performers. content: Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a major form of musical expression in traditional and popular music, linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions.
As jazz spread around the world, it drew on national, regional, and local musical cultures, which gave rise to different styles. New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, improvisational style and Gypsy jazz were the prominent styles.

title: National Recording Registry section title: 2002 hierarchical section title: National Recording Registry / Inductees / 2002 caption reference description: Louis Armstrong was one of American music's most important figures. The preserved sessions, and his solos in particular, set a standard musicians still strive to equal in their beauty and innovation.[4] content: The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States." The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress.
The National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 established a national program to guard America's sound recording heritage. The Act created the National Recording Registry, The National Recording Preservation Board and a fund-raising foundation. The purpose of the Registry is to maintain and preserve sound recordings and collections of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Beginning in 2002, the National Recording Preservation Board has selected recordings nominated each year to be preserved.
The first four yearly lists each had 50 selections.

title: Black people section title: United States hierarchical section title: Black people / North America / United States caption reference description: Louis Armstrong was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, singer and actor. content: Black people refers to a racialized classification of people, usually a political and a skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid to dark brown complexion. Not all Black people have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term "Black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned compared to other populations. It is mostly used for people of Sub-Saharan African descent and the indigenous peoples of Oceania. Indigenous African societies do not use the term Black as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures.
The term "Black" may also be capitalized; the AP Stylebook changed its guide to capitalize the "b" in Black in 2020.
Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified "Black", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "Blackness" vary. In the United Kingdom, "Black" was historically equivalent with "person of color", a general term for non-European peoples.

title: List of UK top-ten singles in 1968 hierarchical section title: List of UK top-ten singles in 1968 caption reference description: Jazz legend Louis Armstrong scored his only UK number-one single this year with "What a Wonderful World"/"Cabaret", which topped the chart for four weeks and spent 11 weeks in the top 10 altogether. At 66 years and eight months old, Armstrong became the third-oldest artist to achieve a number-one hit in Britain. content: The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom. Before 2004, the chart was only based on the sales of physical singles. This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 1968, as well as singles which peaked in 1967 and 1969 but were in the top 10 in 1968. The entry date is when the single appeared in the top 10 for the first time.
One-hundred and eleven singles were in the top ten in 1968. Ten singles from 1967 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year, while "Albatross" by Fleetwood Mac and "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" by Marmalade were both released in 1968 but did not reach their peak until 1969. "All My Love" by Cliff Richard, "Daydream Believer" by The Monkees, "Magical Mystery Tour" by The Beatles and "Thank U Very Much" by The Scaffold were the singles from 1967 to reach their peak in 1968. Nineteen artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1968. Amen Corner, Fleetwood Mac, Joe Cocker, Nina Simone and Status Quo were among the many artists who achieved their first UK charting top 10 single in 1968.

title: Scat singing section title: Historical theories hierarchical section title: Scat singing / Historical theories caption reference description: Paul Berliner has suggested that scat singing arose from instrumental soloists like Louis Armstrong (pictured) formulating jazz riffs vocally.[40] content: In vocal jazz, scat singing is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, the singer improvises melodies and rhythms using the voice as an instrument rather than a speaking medium.

title: National Theatre, Singapore section title: Notable events hierarchical section title: National Theatre, Singapore / History / Notable events caption reference description: Louis Armstrong was one of the international artists who had performed previously at the Singapore National Theatre content: Previously an important landmark, the former National Theatre was built on the slope of Fort Canning Park along River Valley Road in the Museum Planning Area of Singapore. The theatre was officially opened on 8 August 1963 to commemorate Singapore's self-government and was the first and largest national theatre in Singapore back then. It was once the venue for various international performances, universities' convocations and the National Day rallies until it was demolished in August 1986 due to structural reasons and to make way for the nearby construction part of Central Expressway along Clemenceau Avenue.

title: List of basses in non-classical music section title: List of names hierarchical section title: List of basses in non-classical music / List of names caption reference description: Louis Armstrong content: The bass singing voice has a vocal range that lies around the second E below middle C to the E above middle C. As with the contralto singing voice being the rarest female voice type, the bass voice is the rarest for males, and has the lowest vocal range of all voice types. However, the bass voice is determined not only by its vocal range, but also by its timbre, which tends to be darker than that of a baritone voice.
The term bass was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices, where the classification is based not merely on the singer's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice. For classical and operatic singers, their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization. In non-classical music, singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range. When the terms soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, tenor, baritone, and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices, they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer's perceived vocal range.

title: New Orleans section title: Entertainment and performing arts hierarchical section title: New Orleans / Culture and contemporary life / Entertainment and performing arts caption reference description: Louis Armstrong, famous New Orleans jazz musician content: New Orleans is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. With an estimated population of 390,144 in 2019, it is the most populous city in Louisiana. Serving as a major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States.
New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music, Creole cuisine, unique dialect, and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter, known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street. The city has been described as the "most unique" in the United States, owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. Additionally, New Orleans has increasingly been known as "Hollywood South" due to its prominent role in the film industry and in pop culture.
Founded in 1718 by French colonists, New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.

title: Louis Armstrong hierarchical section title: Louis Armstrong caption reference description: Armstrong in 1953 content: Louis Daniel Armstrong, nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops", was an American trumpeter, composer, vocalist, and actor who was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in the history of jazz. In 2017, he was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.
Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans. Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an inventive trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. Around 1922, he followed his mentor, Joe "King" Oliver, to Chicago to play in the Creole Jazz Band. In Chicago, he spent time with other popular jazz musicians, reconnecting with his friend Bix Beiderbecke and spending time with Hoagy Carmichael and Lil Hardin. He earned a reputation at "cutting contests", and relocated to New York in order to join Fletcher Henderson's band.
With his instantly recognizable rich, gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer and skillful improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song. He was also skilled at scat singing.

title: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees section title: Early influences hierarchical section title: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees / Inductees / Early influences caption reference description: Louis Armstrong, inducted in 1990. content: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. Originally, there were four categories of induction: performers, non-performers, early influences, and lifetime achievement. In 2000, "sidemen" was introduced as a category.
The only category that has seen new inductees every single year is the performers category. Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects a number of candidates, the highest being 16 for the 2020 class. Ballots are then sent to more than 1,000 "rock experts" who evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers that receive the highest number of votes are inducted. This number varies; for example, seven were inducted in 2019. Starting in 2012, fans could vote on a fan ballot with an equal weight to the other ballots.


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title: Arthur Brennan section title: Football career hierarchical section title: Arthur Brennan / Football career caption reference description: The Herald, Melbourne, 30 September 1914.[10] content: Arthur Brennan was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League. He also played for Richmond, Port Melbourne, and Footscray in the Victorian Football Association.


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title: Seminary hierarchical section title: Seminary caption reference description: The Pontifical Ethiopian College, in Vatican City caption attribution description: Deutsch: Päpstliches Äthiopisches Kolleg (Vatikanstadt). English: Pontifical Ethiopian College in Vatican City (Pontificio Collegio Etiopico in Vaticano) with an unidentified fountain. content: A seminary, theological college or divinity school is a university that specializes in theology or philosophy. Very often the students live at the seminary. Usually, priests have to study at a seminary at the start of their career.


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title: Ngau Tau Kok station hierarchical section title: Ngau Tau Kok station caption reference description: Both platforms caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 港鐵牛頭角站月台 content: Ngau Tau Kok is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Kwun Tong Line. It is located in the Ngau Tau Kok area of Kowloon East, between Kwun Tong and Kowloon Bay stations. It was among the earliest stations in the network, being opened on 1 October 1979.
Ngau Tau Kok is one of three stations to be located above ground on the line, the others being Kwun Tong and Kowloon Bay. The majority of passengers use Ngau Tau Kok station to commute.
Due to difficulties in installing platform screen doors in above ground stations, the MTR decided not to install PSDs in this station, instead installing automatic platform gates on the station's platforms in 2011.

title: List of MTR stations section title: Kwun Tong Line hierarchical section title: List of MTR stations / Kwun Tong Line caption attribution description: 中文（繁體）: 港鐵牛頭角站月台 content: The MTR, the rapid transit system of Hong Kong, encompasses 11 heavy rail lines and 98 stations as of 2020. The following list sorts the stations according to their service line.
The current system was formed after the merger with the Kowloon–Canton Railway on 2 December 2007, when the operations of the East Rail Line, the West Rail Line, the Ma On Shan Line and the Light Rail system were transferred to the MTR Corporation. Serving exclusively the northwestern New Territories, the light rail network comprises 12 routes, serving 68 stops. The network is being expanded and several new lines are being proposed or under construction.


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title: Oostkerk, Middelburg hierarchical section title: Oostkerk, Middelburg caption reference description: View of main entrance caption attribution description: Oostkerk, Middelburg (Netherlands) This is an image of rijksmonument number 29376 content: The Oostkerk is a Protestant church in Middelburg. The church can be spotted on the Middelburg horizon by its characteristic round dome.


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title: Children's Railroad (Minsk) hierarchical section title: Children's Railroad (Minsk) caption reference description: A TU7 diesel locomotive in Zaslonovo caption attribution description: English: Children Railroad, Minsk, Belarus. Беларуская: Дзіцячая чыгунка, Менск, Беларусь. Русский: Детская железная дорога, Минск, Беларусь. content: K. S. Zaslonov Children's Railroad in Minsk is a 750 mm narrow gauge railroad loop passing through the Chelyuskinites Park in Minsk, Belarus.


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title: Health in Senegal section title: Children's health hierarchical section title: Health in Senegal / Children's health caption reference description: A child waits outside a medical clinic as part of Western Accord 2012 in Thies, Senegal, June 10, 2012. caption attribution description: English: A child waits outside a medical clinic as part of Western Accord 2012 in Thies, Senegal, June 10, 2012. Western Accord is a U.S. Africa Command-sponsored, Marine Forces Africa-led multilateral field exercise and humanitarian mission in Senegal designed to increase interoperability between the United States and several West African partner nations. content: Expenditure on health in Senegal was 4.7% of GDP in 2014, US$107 per capita.
Life expectancy at birth was estimated as 65 years for men in 2016 and 69 for women.
In 2001 data, 54% of the population of Senegal was below the poverty line, which has implications on people's wellbeing. Common medical problems in Senegal include child mortality, maternal death, malaria, and sexual diseases including HIV/AIDS. There is a high disparity in both the quality and extent of health services between urban and rural areas. The greatest problems in public health are in the East and South and the region of Casamance.


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title: Bowling Green (New York City) section title: 20th and 21st centuries hierarchical section title: Bowling Green (New York City) / History / 20th and 21st centuries caption reference description: Bowling Green in 1918 caption attribution description: English: Bowling Green in New York City content: Bowling Green is a small public park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City, at the southern end of Broadway. Located next to the site of the original Dutch fort of New Amsterdam, it served as a public place before being designated as a park in 1733. It is the oldest public park in New York City and is surrounded by its original 18th-century fence. It included an actual bowling green and an equestrian statue of King George III prior to the American Revolutionary War.
Bowling Green is surrounded by numerous buildings, including the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, International Mercantile Marine Company Building, Bowling Green Offices Building, Cunard Building, 26 Broadway, and 2 Broadway. The Charging Bull sculpture is located on its northern end, while Battery Park is located to the southwest. The park is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places under the name Bowling Green Fence and Park.


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title: Waleed Ehsanul Karim section title: PAF career hierarchical section title: Waleed Ehsanul Karim / PAF career caption reference description: Waleed, Matiur Rahman and Momtaz Uddin Ahmed alongside fellow cadets at PAF Academy Risalpur. caption attribution description: বাংলা: অন্যান্য সহপাঠীর সাথে পাইলট অফিসার ওয়ালিদ করিম। ছবিটি ওয়ালিদ করিমের ক্যামেরায় তোলা। চিত্রগ্রাহকের স্থাবর বা অস্থাবর সম্পত্তির উত্তরাধিকার তার ভ্রাতুষ্পুত্র দাউদ করিম। ড. দাউদ করিম উইকিপিডিয়াকে এই ছবি GFDL লাইসেন্সের আওতায় দান করেছেন। এ ছবি ব্যবহারের লিখিত অনুমতি ফাউন্ডেশনের নিকট সংরক্ষিত রয়েছে। English: Pilot Officer Waleed Karim with some classmates. Photo taken with Waleed Karim's camera. Photographer's estate is now inherited by his nephew Dawood Karim. D. Karim has donated these to Wikipedia under GFDL. Written Permission forwarded to Foundation. content: Flying Officer Waleed Ehsanul Karim was a fighter pilot in the Pakistan Air Force and one of the youngest F-86 Sabre jet pilots in the world.

title: Matiur Rahman (military pilot) section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Matiur Rahman (military pilot) / Biography caption reference description: Matiur as a Pilot Officer in 1963 with other newly commissioned officers (sitting in the front row, second from  right) caption attribution description: বাংলা: অন্যান্য সহপাঠীর সাথে পাইলট অফিসার ওয়ালিদ করিম। ছবিটি ওয়ালিদ করিমের ক্যামেরায় তোলা। চিত্রগ্রাহকের স্থাবর বা অস্থাবর সম্পত্তির উত্তরাধিকার তার ভ্রাতুষ্পুত্র দাউদ করিম। ড. দাউদ করিম উইকিপিডিয়াকে এই ছবি GFDL লাইসেন্সের আওতায় দান করেছেন। এ ছবি ব্যবহারের লিখিত অনুমতি ফাউন্ডেশনের নিকট সংরক্ষিত রয়েছে। English: Pilot Officer Waleed Karim with some classmates. Photo taken with Waleed Karim's camera. Photographer's estate is now inherited by his nephew Dawood Karim. D. Karim has donated these to Wikipedia under GFDL. Written Permission forwarded to Foundation. content: Matiur Rahman was a flight lieutenant of Pakistan Air Force and a recipient of Bir Sreshtho, Bangladesh's highest military gallantry award for his actions during the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
He attempted to escape from Pakistan and join the Bangladesh Liberation War, to hijack a Lockheed T-33 aircraft being flown by a 21 year old Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas, who was conducting his second solo flight. Rahman stopped the aircraft on the runway, climbed into the cockpit and steered the aircraft toward the Indian border, but Rashid Minhas fought against him through the mechanically linked controls. Minhas then released the canopy, and since he was not properly strapped in, Rahman flew out of the cockpit. The jet was flying too low for Minhas to recover so it crashed, killing him. For his support to the state of Bangladesh, Rahman was decorated by Bangladesh with the Bir Sreshtho award.


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title: Isabel Mallon hierarchical section title: Isabel Mallon caption reference description: Isabel Mallon, from an 1891 publication. content: Isabel Allerdice Mallon was an American writer, best known for columns written in the 1890s as "Ruth Ashmore" for the Ladies' Home Journal, and her syndicated newspaper column as "Bab's Babble".


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title: The Soul Market hierarchical section title: The Soul Market caption reference description: Film still caption attribution description: English: Still from the American drama film The Soul Market (1916), on page 111 of the March 1916 Cine-Mundial (American Spanish language magazine). content: The Soul Market is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by Francis J. Grandon. The film is considered to be lost.


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title: List of crossings of the Lower Passaic River hierarchical section title: List of crossings of the Lower Passaic River caption reference description: Five bridges over the Passaic River at Newark. content: The Lower Passaic River in New Jersey is the section of the Passaic River below the Great Falls which flows over the Dundee Dam to the river mouth at Newark Bay in the northeastern part of the state. Its midpoint generally delineates the Essex-Hudson and Passaic-Bergen county lines. Numerous spans, mostly moveable bridges, have been built over of the lower reaches of the river, which is tidally influenced to the dam at about mile point 17.4 and channelized to about MP 17. Once one of the most heavily used waterways in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it remains partially navigable for commercial marine traffic. While requests have significantly diminished since the mid-late 20th century, the bridge at MP 11.7 and those downstream from it are required by federal regulations to open with advance notice, with the exception of the first at MP 1.8, which is manned and opens on demand.
Early fixed crossings included turnpikes, sometimes built as plank roads. Wood, and later, metal bridges were constructed by competing railroads to access railyards, carfloat operations, passenger terminals, and ferries on the Hudson Waterfront.

title: Passaic River section title: Economic decline and resurgence hierarchical section title: Passaic River / History / Economic decline and resurgence caption reference description: Five bridges over the Passaic River at Newark. content: The Passaic River is a river, approximately 80 mi long, in northern New Jersey in the United States. The river in its upper course flows in a highly circuitous route, meandering through the swamp lowlands between the ridge hills of rural and suburban northern New Jersey, called the Great Swamp, draining much of the northern portion of the state through its tributaries. In its lower portion, it flows through the most urbanized and industrialized areas of the state, including along downtown Newark. The lower river suffered from severe pollution and industrial abandonment in the 20th century.
In April 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced a $1.7 billion plan to remove 4.3 million cubic yards of toxic mud from the bottom of lower eight miles of the river. It is considered one of the most polluted stretches of water in the nation and the project one of the largest clean-ups ever undertaken.


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title: Ashley Jensen section title: Career hierarchical section title: Ashley Jensen / Career caption reference description: Jensen at the 60th Annual Emmy Awards, 21 September 2008 caption attribution description: English: Scottish actress Ashley Jensen at the 60th Annual Emmy Awards, Nokia Theater, Sept. 21, 2008 content: Ashley Jensen is a Scottish actress and narrator. She was nominated for an Emmy for her role on the television series Extras, in which she appeared from 2005 to 2007. She was also a cast member of the ABC series Ugly Betty and the short-lived CBS sitcom Accidentally on Purpose. She also plays the main character in the comedy-drama detective television series Agatha Raisin.

title: List of EastEnders characters (2000) section title: Fiona Morris hierarchical section title: List of EastEnders characters (2000) / Fiona Morris caption reference description: Scottish actress Ashley Jensen, who played Fiona Morris. caption attribution description: English: Scottish actress Ashley Jensen at the 60th Annual Emmy Awards, Nokia Theater, Sept. 21, 2008 content: The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2000, by order of first appearance. All characters were introduced by Matthew Robinson, or his successor, John Yorke. The first character to be introduced was Sandra di Marco, the estranged wife of Beppe di Marco. Laura Beale, a love interest for Ian Beale, and Sophie Braddock, a new teenage character, were introduced in February, whereas Maureen Carter, the aunt of Irene Raymond, and Rod Morris, the tutor of Nicky di Marco, were introduced for guest stints in May. Barbara Owen, Steve Owen and Jackie Owen's mother, and Fiona Morris, Rod's wife, made their first appearance in July, and Jack Robbins, Sandra's former lover, debuted in August.
The Slater family — Charlie Slater, Mo Harris, Lynne Slater, Garry Hobbs, Kat Slater, Little Mo Morgan and Zoe Slater — as well as Danny Harrison, a building contractor, Eddie Skinner, the nephew of Ethel Skinner, and Kevin, Kat's former boyfriend, were introduced in September. Kerry Skinner, the daughter of Eddie, Bex Fowler, the newborn daughter of Sonia Jackson and Martin Fowler, Ameena Badawi, a social worker, made their first appearance in October.

title: Red carpet fashion in 2008 section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Red carpet fashion in 2008 / Emmys (21 September) / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Scottish actress Ashley Jensen at the 60th Annual Emmy Awards, Nokia Theater, Sept. 21, 2008 content: Red carpet fashion in 2008 was affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which led to the cancellation of the Golden Globes that year. The Oscars were dominated by uncontroversial designs in solid colours which led to criticism of "safe" choices, and drew attention to those who dressed more individually, such as Tilda Swinton and Marion Cotillard.

title: List of Extras characters section title: Maggie Jacobs hierarchical section title: List of Extras characters / Main characters / Maggie Jacobs caption reference description: Ashley Jensen (pictured in 2008) played Maggie Jacobs caption attribution description: English: Scottish actress Ashley Jensen at the 60th Annual Emmy Awards, Nokia Theater, Sept. 21, 2008 content: The British television sitcom Extras centres on the main characters of Andy Millman, Maggie Jacobs and Darren Lamb, in addition to several more recurring characters.


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title: Juan José Tamayo hierarchical section title: Juan José Tamayo caption reference description: Tamayo in 2007 caption attribution description: Español: El teólogo español Juan Jose Tamayo en el curso de verano Interculturalidad, dialogo interreligioso y comunicacion, celebrado en la Universidad Internacional de Andalucía en 2007. content: Juan José Tamayo is a Spanish theologian and professor of theology at the Charles III University of Madrid. He specializes in Catholic hierarchy but has broadened into Islamic studies. He has contributed to controversies about Opus Dei, and has written over 50 books. He is president of the Asociación de Teólogos Juan XXIII.
On September 16, 2009, Tamayo won the Seventh President of the Republic of Tunisia International Prize for Islamic Studies for his book Islam: Culture, Religion and Politics, beating some 28 candidates from 13 different countries. Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali presented the award during a ceremony held in Carthage Palace in Carthage. The book examines western prejudices against the Islamic world, questioning the common western stereotypes of Islam as a sexist, patriarchal, and fundamentally violent religion, and how it has become a successor to communism in critique following recent events of extremism and terrorism.


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title: Cobb & Co section title: Under James Rutherford hierarchical section title: Cobb & Co / Under James Rutherford caption reference description: Cobb & Co coach at Winton, Queensland c 1890. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland content: Cobb & Co was the name used by many successful sometimes quite independent Australian coaching businesses. The first was established in 1853 by American Freeman Cobb and his partners. The name Cobb & Co grew to great prominence in the late 19th century, when it was carried by many stagecoaches carrying passengers and mail to various Australian goldfields, and later to many regional and remote areas of the Australian outback. The same name was used in New Zealand and Freeman Cobb used it in South Africa.
Although the Queensland branch of the company made an effort to transition to automobiles in the early twentieth century, high overhead costs and the growth of alternative transport options for mail, including rail and air, saw the final demise of Cobb & Co. The last Australian Cobb & Co stagecoach ran in Queensland in August 1924.
Cobb & Co has become an established part of Australian folklore commemorated in art, literature and on screen. Today the name is used by a number of Australian bus operators.

title: Corfield & Fitzmaurice Store section title: History hierarchical section title: Corfield & Fitzmaurice Store / History caption reference description: Cobb and Co coach outside Corfield & Fitzmaurice General Store, circa 1890 content: Corfield & Fitzmaurice Store is a heritage-listed former general store and now visitor centre at 63 Elderslie Street, Winton, Shire of Winton, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1916. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.


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title: Marstrand hierarchical section title: Marstrand caption reference description: Arms; incorporated with Kungälv Municipality  in 1971 caption attribution description: English: Coat of arms of Marstrand, Kungälvs kommun, Sweden. It was never officially granted and stopped being used 1971. Image from the Scandinavian Family Journal, modified by removing the lines of the star and colored. content: Marstrand is a seaside locality situated in Kungälv Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 1,319 inhabitants in 2010. The town got its name from its location on the island Marstrandsön. Marstrand is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a city. Recently the town has expanded to the neighbouring island Koön, which has bridge access to the mainland.


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title: M-124 (Michigan highway) section title: History hierarchical section title: M-124 (Michigan highway) / History caption reference description: M-124 western terminus at junction with M-50, facing west, Brooklyn caption attribution description: English: Western terminus of M-124 at junction with M-50, facing west, Brooklyn, Michigan. content: M-124 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan that runs on the north side of Vineyard and Wamplers lakes near Brooklyn in Jackson County near the Irish Hills area. The highway travels directly through W. J. Hayes State Park before ending in Lenawee County. The designation was created in 1929 for a road that accessed the state park, connecting it to US Highway 112. It was later extended westward to M-50 in Brooklyn in the 1930s.


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title: Absecon, New Jersey section title: Geography hierarchical section title: Absecon, New Jersey / Geography caption reference description: Panoramic map of Absecon with list of landmarks and inset images of several as well as Absecon Gardens neighborhood caption attribution description: English: Perspective map not drawn to scale. Bird's-eye-view. Oriented with north toward the lower right. LC Panoramic maps (2nd ed.), 500 Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Includes illus., directory, and 2 views. AACR2 Copyright not renewed, 01-14-1998. content: Absecon is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 8,411, reflecting an increase of 773 from the 7,638 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 340 from the 7,298 counted in the 1990 Census.
The current City of Absecon was originally incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 29, 1872, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. Then on March 24, 1902, the City of Absecon replaced the town. The city is named for the Absegami tribe of Native Americans, from the word "Absogami", which means "little stream".


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title: Paraguayan guaraní section title: Banknotes hierarchical section title: Paraguayan guaraní / Banknotes caption attribution description: Español: Anverso del billete de 5000 guaranies content: The guaraní is the national currency unit of Paraguay. The guaraní was divided into 100 céntimos but, because of inflation, céntimos are no longer in use.
The currency sign is U+20B2 ₲ GUARANI SIGN.


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title: Lake Sunapee section title: Lake Sunapee Protective Association hierarchical section title: Lake Sunapee / Lake Sunapee Protective Association caption reference description: Looking north on Lake Sunapee from atop Mount Sunapee. Shows about 50% of Lake Sunapee water surface caption attribution description: English: Photo taken by User:josephbrophy in 2005. No copyright. content: Lake Sunapee is located within Sullivan County and Merrimack County in western New Hampshire, the United States. It is the fifth-largest lake located entirely in New Hampshire.
The lake is approximately 8.1 miles long and from 0.5 to 2.5 miles wide, covering 6.5 square miles, with a maximum depth of 105 feet. It contains eleven islands and is indented by several peninsulas and lake fingers, a combination which yields a total shoreline of some 70 miles. There are seven sandy beach areas including Mount Sunapee State Park beach; some with restricted town access. There are six boat ramps to access the lake at Sunapee Harbor, Georges Mills, Newbury, Mount Sunapee State Park, Burkehaven Marina, and a private marina. The lake contains three lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places. The driving distance around the lake is 25 miles with many miles of lake water view. The lake is 1,093 feet above sea level.
The lake's outlet is in Sunapee Harbor, the headway for the Sugar River, which flows west through Newport and Claremont to the Connecticut River and then to the Atlantic Ocean.


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title: Jumandy Airport hierarchical section title: Jumandy Airport caption attribution description: English: Exterior of Jumandy Airport, Napo Province, Ecuador Español: Aeropuerto Internacional Jumandy, Provincia de Napo content: Jumandy Airport is an airport serving Tena, Napo Province, Ecuador. It is 3 kilometres west of the village of Ahuano, and about 25 kilometres from Tena. It replaces Tena's Mayor Galo de la Torre Airport, which closed in 2001.
Jumandy Airport takes its name from Jumandy, the great cacique of Napo who led a 1578 revolt against the Spanish.
The airport was opened in 2011 to facilitate tourism to the Ecuadoran Amazon, in which Tena is located. However, it had not been performing well and lost its only scheduled flight in January 2016. It is currently used by flying schools and general aviation.


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title: Irving Fisher section title: Interest and capital hierarchical section title: Irving Fisher / Economic theories / Interest and capital caption reference description: Theory of interest as determined by impatience to spend income and opportunity to invest it, 1930 content: Irving Fisher was an American economist, statistician, inventor, eugenicist and progressive social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation has been embraced by the post-Keynesian school. Joseph Schumpeter described him as "the greatest economist the United States has ever produced", an assessment later repeated by James Tobin and Milton Friedman.
Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and general equilibrium. He was also a pioneer in the rigorous study of intertemporal choice in markets, which led him to develop a theory of capital and interest rates. His research on the quantity theory of money inaugurated the school of macroeconomic thought known as "monetarism". Fisher was also a pioneer of econometrics, including the development of index numbers. Some concepts named after him include the Fisher equation, the Fisher hypothesis, the international Fisher effect, the Fisher separation theorem and Fisher market.


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title: National Library of New Zealand section title: History hierarchical section title: National Library of New Zealand / History caption reference description: The lobby of the National Library caption attribution description: The lobby of the NZ National Library content: The National Library of New Zealand is New Zealand's legal deposit library charged with the obligation to "enrich the cultural and economic life of New Zealand and its interchanges with other nations". Under the Act, the library is also expected to be:
"collecting, preserving, and protecting documents, particularly those relating to New Zealand, and making them accessible for all the people of New Zealand, in a manner consistent with their status as documentary heritage and taonga; and
"supplementing and furthering the work of other libraries in New Zealand; and
"working collaboratively with other institutions having similar purposes, including those forming part of the international library community."
The library supports schools through its Services to Schools business unit, which has curriculum and advisory branches around New Zealand. The Legal Deposit Office is New Zealand's agency for ISBN and ISSN.
The library headquarters is close to the Parliament of New Zealand and the Court of Appeal on the corner of Aitken and Molesworth Streets, Wellington.


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title: Bàu Bàng District hierarchical section title: Bàu Bàng District caption attribution description: Tiếng Việt: Biểu trưng chính thức của Bàu Bàng, Bình Dương. English: Official seal of Bàu Bàng, Bình Dương. caption alt text description: Official seal of Bàu Bàng District content: Bàu Bàng is a rural district of Bình Dương Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. It was established on December 29, 2013, and has a population of over 82,000.
Bàu Bàng is the site of the first and second battle of Bàu Bàng in 1965 and 1967, respectively.


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title: 2008 US Open (tennis) section title: Day 15 hierarchical section title: 2008 US Open (tennis) / Day by day / Day 15 caption reference description: Federer hitting a forehand caption attribution description: US Open finals 2008 content: The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008.
The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal reasons, earlier in the year. Serena Williams was the champion on the women's side, winning her third US Open title; she had last won the event in 2002. Federer and Williams's opponents, Andy Murray and Jelena Janković, were making their débuts in Grand Slam finals. World number ones Rafael Nadal and Ana Ivanovic went out in the semifinal and second round, respectively. This was Nadal's best ever result at the US Open; for Ivanovic, it was her second early exit at a Grand Slam since her win at the 2008 French Open.
The home nation had success; Serena Williams was the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003.


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title: List of companies of Vietnam section title: Notable firms hierarchical section title: List of companies of Vietnam / Notable firms caption attribution description: English: Keamnam Hanoi Landmark Tower content: Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. For much of its history, Vietnam was a predominantly agricultural civilization based on wet rice cultivation. There is also an industry for bauxite mining in Vietnam, an important material for the production of aluminum. The Vietnamese economy is shaped primarily by the Vietnamese Communist Party in Five Year Plans made through the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses.
Manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries now form a large and fast-growing part of the national economy. Though Vietnam is a relative newcomer to the oil industry, it is currently the third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia, with a total 2011 output of 318,000 barrels per day. In 2010, Vietnam was ranked as the 8th largest crude petroleum producers in the Asia and Pacific region. Like its Chinese neighbours, Vietnam continues to make use of centrally planned economic five-year plans.

title: Nam Từ Liêm District hierarchical section title: Nam Từ Liêm District caption reference description: AON Landmark 72 complex in Nam Từ Liêm caption attribution description: English: Keamnam Hanoi Landmark Tower caption alt text description: AON Landmark 72 complex in Nam Từ Liêm content: Nam Từ Liêm is an urban district of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. It was formed on 27 December 2013, when the rural Từ Liêm District was split into two urban districts: Bắc Từ Liêm and Nam Từ Liêm. Its population was 232,894 as of 2013.
The district is known for its many new urban developments and several skyscrapers.

title: Hanoi section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Hanoi / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Keamnam Hanoi Landmark Tower content: Hanoi is the capital city of Vietnam. It covers an area of 3,358.6 square kilometres. It is the second largest city in Vietnam, with over eight million residents within city proper and an estimated population of 20 million within the metropolitan area. Located in the heart of the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the commercial, cultural, and educational centre of Northern Vietnam. Having an estimated nominal GDP of US$32.8 billion as of 2018, it is the second most productive economic area of Vietnam, after Ho Chi Minh City.
The city was a small settlement along the banks of the Red River until 1010, when monarch Lý Thái Tổ founded the city as the capital of Imperial Vietnam, naming it Thăng Long. Thăng Long would remain the most important political and cultural centre of Vietnam until 1802, when the Nguyễn dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam, moved the capital to Huế. The city renamed to Hanoi in 1831, and was the capital of French Indochina from 1883 to 1945 during French colonisation of the Indochina Peninsula.


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title: Division of Fowler section title: History hierarchical section title: Division of Fowler / History caption reference description: Lilian Fowler, the division's namesake caption attribution description: Alderman Lilian Fowler JP Mayor of Newtown c. 1938, the first female mayor in Australia. content: The Division of Fowler is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales.

title: List of first women mayors section title: 1930s hierarchical section title: List of first women mayors / 1930s caption reference description: Australia's first woman mayor was Lilian Fowler who began her tenure as mayor of Newtown in 1938. caption attribution description: Alderman Lilian Fowler JP Mayor of Newtown c. 1938, the first female mayor in Australia. content: The first woman to serve as mayor is believed to be Susanna M. Salter of the United States who served as mayor of Argonia, Kansas, in 1887. However, the first woman recorded winning a mayoral election was Nancy Smith in 1862, who declined to be sworn in as mayor of Oskaloosa, Iowa.

title: Lilian Fowler hierarchical section title: Lilian Fowler caption attribution description: Alderman Lilian Fowler JP Mayor of Newtown c. 1938, the first female mayor in Australia. content: Elizabeth Lilian Maud Fowler MBE, JP was an Australian politician. She was Australia's first female mayor, serving as mayor of Newtown, New South Wales, from 1937 to 1939. She later represented the seat of Newtown in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1944 to 1950. She had a long involvement with the Lang Labor faction of the Australian Labor Party, which had evolved into a separate party by the time of her election to parliament.

title: Municipality of Newtown section title: Mayors hierarchical section title: Municipality of Newtown / Mayors caption reference description: Lilian Fowler, Mayor (1938–1939), first female mayor in Australia, MLA for Newtown (1944–1950). caption attribution description: Alderman Lilian Fowler JP Mayor of Newtown c. 1938, the first female mayor in Australia. content: The Municipality of Newtown was a local government area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The municipality was proclaimed as a borough in 1862 and, with an area of 1.9 square kilometres, was centred on the suburb of Newtown, including parts of Erskineville and Enmore. The municipality was divided into four wards: Kingston, Enmore, O'Connell and Camden. In 1949 under the Local Government Act 1948, Newtown Municipal Council was merged with the larger neighbouring City of Sydney which was located immediately to the North, although parts were subsequently, from 1968, moved into Marrickville Council. Mayors included Lilian Fowler, the first female mayor in Australia.


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title: Results of the 2007 Australian federal election (House of Representatives) section title: Western Australia hierarchical section title: Results of the 2007 Australian federal election (House of Representatives) / Western Australia caption reference description: Electoral divisions: Western Australia caption attribution description: English: map of western Australia content: The following tables show state-by-state results in the Australian House of Representatives at the 2007 federal election, 83 Labor, 65 coalition, 2 independent. Detailed results for all 150 seats are also available. The Nationals were reduced to nine seats and the coalition to 64 when independent Rob Oakeshott won the 2008 Lyne by-election.

title: Results of the 2007 Australian federal election in Western Australia section title: Overall results hierarchical section title: Results of the 2007 Australian federal election in Western Australia / Overall results caption reference description: Electoral divisions: Western Australia caption attribution description: English: map of western Australia content: This is a list of electoral division results for the 2007 Australian federal election in the state of Western Australia.


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title: United States–Vietnam relations section title: Vietnam War hierarchical section title: United States–Vietnam relations / History / Vietnam War caption reference description: Staff Sergeant Ermalinda Salazar, a female U.S. Marine, helps the children of the St. Vincent de Paul Orphanage in Vietnam content: United States–Vietnam relations refers to international relations between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. After a 20-year hiatus of severed ties, then-U.S. President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States of America and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 11, 1995. Subsequent to President Clinton's normalization announcement, in August 1995, both countries upgraded their Liaison Offices opened during January 1995 to Embassy status, with the United States later opening a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, while Vietnam opened a consulate in San Francisco, California.
U.S. relations with Vietnam have become deeper and more diverse in the years since political normalization. The two countries have broadened their political exchanges through regular and regional security. The annual Bilateral Human Rights Dialogue resumed in 2006 after a two-year hiatus. They signed a Bilateral Trade Agreement in July 2000, which went into force in December 2001. In 2003, the two countries signed a Counternarcotics Letter of Agreement, a Civil Aviation Agreement, and a textile agreement.


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title: Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana hierarchical section title: Pleasant Township, Porter County, Indiana caption reference description: Corn and soybeans dominate Pleasant Township caption attribution description: English: Corn and soybeans dominate Pleasant Township caption alt text description: Corn and soybeans dominate Pleasant Township content: Pleasant Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 4,432.


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title: Kim Ji-min (comedian) hierarchical section title: Kim Ji-min (comedian) caption attribution description: 한국어: K-뷰티 클로즈업 바이 아티스트리 행사 현장 content: Kim Ji-min is a South Korean comedian, television host, and actress. She debuted as a comedian on the sketch-comedy show Gag Concert in 2006. She is best known for her skits "Dignity of a Beggar," "Uncomfortable Truth," and "BBOOM Entertainment," as well as variety shows Human Condition and Crisis Escape No. 1. Since 2019, Kim departed from Gag Concert to appear on Comedy Big League.


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title: Evandro Lins e Silva section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Evandro Lins e Silva / Biography caption reference description: Evandro Lins e Silva takes office as Chief of Staff of the Presidency, 1963. content: Evandro Cavalcanti Lins e Silva was a Brazilian lawyer, journalist, writer and politician. He was Prosecutor General of the Republic, Chief of Staff, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Justice of the Supreme Federal Court.
He was also a lawyer of criminal affairs and taught criminal law in the then Guanabara State University.
He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.


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title: Denali National Park and Preserve section title: Establishment of the park hierarchical section title: Denali National Park and Preserve / History / Establishment of the park caption reference description: Park map caption attribution description: English: National Park Service map of Denali National Park as of 2013 Français : Carte du parc national de Denali datant de 2013 content: Denali National Park and Preserve is an American national park and preserve located in Interior Alaska, centered on Denali, the highest mountain in North America. The park and contiguous preserve encompass 6,045,153 acres which is larger than the state of New Hampshire. On December 2, 1980, 2,146,580-acre Denali Wilderness was established within the park. Denali's landscape is a mix of forest at the lowest elevations, including deciduous taiga, with tundra at middle elevations, and glaciers, snow, and bare rock at the highest elevations. The longest glacier is the Kahiltna Glacier. Wintertime activities include dog sledding, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling. The park received 594,660 recreational visitors in 2018.


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title: Church of Saint Michael, Vienna section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Church of Saint Michael, Vienna / Gallery caption attribution description: Deutsch: Orgelempore der Michaelerkirche im 1. Bezirk der österreichischen Bundeshauptstadt Wien.Die heutige Pfarr- und Klosterkirche der Salvatorianer wurde 1220 errichtet und war bereits 1288 einer der 3 Stadtpfarrkirchen. Nach mehreren Großbränden und einem Erdbeben wurde die Kirche mehrfach umgebaut.Die Orgel mit 40 Register, 3 Manuale und Pedal ist Wiens größte und fast vollständig erhaltene Barockorgel. Sie wurde von Johann David Sieber gefertigt und am 24. Jänner 1714 in Gegenwart von Kaiser Karl den Vl. erstmalig bespielt. Wegen einer unzulänglichen Emporekonstruktion wurde sie 1742 von Gottfried Sonnholz umgebaut (Rückpositiv wurde von der Orgelbrüstung entfernt und als Hinterwerk zum Hauptgehäuse hin versetzt). 1986/87 erfolgte durch Jürgen Ahrend Orgelbau ein Rückbau in den Originalzustand. Die Orgelempore wurde nach einem Entwurf von Antonio Beduzzi 1713 eingebaut.   This media shows the protected monument with the number 40779 in Austria. (Commons, de, Wikidata) content: Saint Michael's Church is one of the oldest churches in Vienna, Austria, and also one of its few remaining Romanesque buildings. Dedicated to the Archangel Michael, St. Michael's Church is located at Michaelerplatz across from St. Michael's Gate at the Hofburg Palace. St. Michael's used to be the parish church of the Imperial Court, when it was called Zum heiligen Michael.
Over its long history, spanning more than eight centuries, the church has incorporated a medley of architectonic styles. The church is a late Romanesque, early Gothic building dating from about 1220–1240. There is a document giving 1221 as the foundation date of the church, but this is most probably a 14th-century forgery. Over time, there have been many alterations, resulting in its present-day aspect, unchanged since 1792.


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title: Palestine Railways section title: N class hierarchical section title: Palestine Railways / Locomotives / Palestine Railways locomotives / N class caption reference description: North British Locomotive Co. P class 4-6-0, built for Palestine Railways 1935, in Israel Railways service on the turntable at Haifa in 1950 caption attribution description: English: P-Class locomotive no. 60 in Israel Railways service in 1950 content: Palestine Railways was a government-owned railway company that ran all public railways in the League of Nations mandate territory of Palestine from 1920 until 1948. Its main line linked El Kantara in Egypt with Haifa. Branches served Jaffa, Jerusalem, Acre and the Jezreel Valley.

title: Palestine Railways P class hierarchical section title: Palestine Railways P class caption reference description: P class 4-6-0 no. 60 on the turntable at Haifa in 1950 caption attribution description: English: P-Class locomotive no. 60 in Israel Railways service in 1950 content: The Palestine Railways P class was a type of standard gauge mixed traffic steam locomotive on Palestine Railways and its successor Israel Railways. The PMR introduced the class in 1935 and Israel Railways withdrew the last ones in 1960.

title: Israel Railways section title: Retired hierarchical section title: Israel Railways / Rolling stock / Retired caption attribution description: English: P-Class locomotive no. 60 in Israel Railways service in 1950 content: Israel Railways Ltd., dba Israel Railways, is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel. All its lines are standard gauge. The network is centered in Israel's densely populated coastal plain, from which lines radiate out in many directions. In 2018, Israel Railways carried 68 million passengers.
Unlike road vehicles and city trams, Israeli heavy rail trains run on the left hand tracks, matching neighboring Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries, whose formerly connected rail networks were constructed by British engineers.
Until 1980, the company's head office was located at Haifa Center HaShmona railway station. Tzvi Tzafriri, the general manager of Israel Railways, decided to move the head office to Tel Aviv Savidor Central Railway Station. In 2017, the company's head office was moved to a new campus built on the grounds of the Lod railway station.


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title: Guthrie Historic District (Guthrie, Oklahoma) section title: Building classifications hierarchical section title: Guthrie Historic District (Guthrie, Oklahoma) / Architectural styles / Building classifications caption reference description: De Ford Building, Guthrie, Oklahoma caption attribution description: English: De Ford Building, Guthrie, Oklahoma This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 74001664 More images content: The Guthrie Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District encompassing the commercial core of Guthrie, Oklahoma, US. According to its National Historic Landmark Nomination it is roughly bounded by Oklahoma Avenue on the north, Broad Street on the east, Harrison Avenue on the south, and the railroad tracks on the west; it also includes 301 W. Harrison Avenue. The National Historic Landmarks Program on-line document describes the boundaries as "14th Street, College Avenue, Pine Street and Lincoln Avenue. One building, the Logan County Courthouse, is at 301 E. Harrison Avenue, outside the main boundaries of the GHD," According to the 1998 nomination, the proposed district covered 31 acres. The nomination included 112 resources, classed as 69 contributing buildings, 38 non-contributing buildings, 1 non-contributing structure and 3 noncontributing objects. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1999 for its historic significance as the first capital of the Oklahoma Territory and of Oklahoma.

title: Joseph Pierre Foucart hierarchical section title: Joseph Pierre Foucart caption reference description: De Ford Building caption attribution description: English: De Ford Building, Guthrie, Oklahoma This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 74001664 More images content: Joseph Pierre Foucart was a prominent architect during the opening of the Oklahoma Territory. The city of Guthrie, Oklahoma's skyline is dominated by buildings designed by him.
Foucart was the first architect to establish a practice in Oklahoma. He was the son of Katherine Mater and John Pierre Foucart, born on November 14, 1848 in Arlon, Belgium. He studied at the Royal Athenaeum in Arlon, Belgium, and studied civil engineering and architecture at Ghent, graduating in 1865. He worked as a civil engineer, and served in the French Army during the Franco-Prussian War. He oversaw the construction of the castle of Viere and assisted the architect for the King of Belgium. In 1880 he relocated to Paris and served as draftsman for the City Hall. His first wife was Frances Henrietta Jacques, who died in France. He later married Mary Philomene Jacquart née Coen in 1865. He immigrated to the United States in 1888 and settled within two months of the Land Rush of 1889. He left Guthrie in 1907 and moved to Muskogee, Oklahoma. He died there on April 11, 1917.
His building designs were influenced by the French architect Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc.


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title: New Canaan High School hierarchical section title: New Canaan High School caption attribution description: English: Entrance, New Canaan High School in New Canaan, Connecticut - looking east. content: New Canaan High School is the only public high school in New Canaan, Connecticut.
In 2017, it was ranked the best public high school in Connecticut, and one of the top 200 in the nation. In 2018, 21 seniors won national recognition in the National Merit Scholarship program. New Canaan High School was ranked 74th in the nation for best STEM high school by U.S. News & World Report.
The school is a part of the Fairfield County Interscholastic Athletic Conference, otherwise known as the FCIAC. The New Canaan Rams have won numerous state championships. New Canaan is known for its competitive football, lacrosse, ice hockey, field hockey, volleyball, and track teams. Its football team holds 22 state championships and is consistently a top 10 team in the state. In 2016, its boys lacrosse team was ranked 3rd in the nation.

title: New Canaan, Connecticut section title: Education hierarchical section title: New Canaan, Connecticut / Education caption reference description: New Canaan High School caption attribution description: English: Entrance, New Canaan High School in New Canaan, Connecticut - looking east. content: New Canaan is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 19,738 according to the 2010 census.
About an hour's train ride from Manhattan, the town is considered part of Connecticut's Gold Coast. The town is bounded on the south by Darien, on west by Stamford, on the east by Wilton, on the southeast by Norwalk, and on the north by Lewisboro and Pound Ridge in Westchester County, New York.
New Canaan is known for its wide range of architecture and vast public parks such as Waveny Park, and a signature town center with classic boutiques. Residents carol on God’s Acre every Christmas Eve, a town tradition since 1916. It is also known for its public school system, which in 2018 was ranked as the top public school system in Connecticut, and in 2008 the third-best in the country.


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title: Hillary Clinton email controversy section title: Clinton's use of BlackBerrys hierarchical section title: Hillary Clinton email controversy / Background / Clinton's use of BlackBerrys caption reference description: Clinton holding a Blackberry phone in 2009 caption attribution description: English: U.S. Air Force Col. Peggy Poore, commander, 65th Air Base Wing, greets Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton during a stop at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal, June 3, 2009. Clinton is in Portugal en route to Cairo, Egypt, to join President Barack Obama for his speech and to participate in Obama’s meeting with Egypt President Hosni Mubarak. content: During her tenure as United States Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton drew controversy by using a private email server for official public communications rather than using official State Department email accounts maintained on secure federal servers. An FBI examination of Clinton's server found over 100 emails containing classified information, including 65 emails deemed "Secret" and 22 deemed "Top Secret". An additional 2,093 emails not marked classified were retroactively classified by the State Department.
Some experts, officials, and members of Congress contended that Clinton's use of a private messaging system and a private server violated federal law, specifically 18 U.S. Code § 1924, regarding the unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or materials, as well as State Department protocols and procedures, and regulations governing recordkeeping. Clinton responded that her use complied with federal laws and State Department regulations, and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts. News reports by NBC and CNN indicated that the emails discussed "innocuous" matters already available in the public domain.


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title: PerkinElmer section title: Hubble optics project hierarchical section title: PerkinElmer / Programs / Hubble optics project caption reference description: Polishing of Hubble's primary mirror begins at Perkin-Elmer corporation, Danbury, Connecticut, May 1979. The engineer pictured is Dr. Martin Yellin, an optical engineer working for Perkin-Elmer on the project. caption attribution description: English: Hubble Space Telescope Primary Mirror: This photograph shows the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Primary Mirror being ground at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation's large optics fabrication facility. After the 8-foot diameter mirror was ground to shape and polished, the glass surface was coated with a reflective layer of aluminum and a protective layer of magnesium fluoride, 0.1- and 0.025-micrometers thick, respectively. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. content: PerkinElmer, Inc., previously styled Perkin-Elmer, is an American global corporation focused in the business areas of diagnostics, life science research, food, environmental and industrial testing. Its capabilities include detection, imaging, informatics, and service. PerkinElmer produces analytical instruments, genetic testing and diagnostic tools, medical imaging components, software, instruments, and consumables for multiple end markets.
PerkinElmer is part of the S&P 500 Index and operates in 150 countries.

title: Hubble Space Telescope section title: Construction and engineering hierarchical section title: Hubble Space Telescope / Conception, design and aim / Construction and engineering caption reference description: Grinding of Hubble's primary mirror at Perkin-Elmer, March 1979 caption attribution description: English: Hubble Space Telescope Primary Mirror: This photograph shows the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Primary Mirror being ground at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation's large optics fabrication facility. After the 8-foot diameter mirror was ground to shape and polished, the glass surface was coated with a reflective layer of aluminum and a protective layer of magnesium fluoride, 0.1- and 0.025-micrometers thick, respectively. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. content: The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope, but it is one of the largest and most versatile, well known both as a vital research tool and as a public relations boon for astronomy. The Hubble telescope is named after astronomer Edwin Hubble and is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Hubble features a 2.4-meter mirror, and its four main instruments observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to capture extremely high-resolution images with substantially lower background light than ground-based telescopes. It has recorded some of the most detailed visible light images, allowing a deep view into space. Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as determining the rate of expansion of the universe.
The Hubble telescope was built by the United States space agency NASA with contributions from the European Space Agency.

title: Figuring hierarchical section title: Figuring caption reference description: Polishing and figuring of the Hubble Space Telescope's primary mirror caption attribution description: English: Hubble Space Telescope Primary Mirror: This photograph shows the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Primary Mirror being ground at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation's large optics fabrication facility. After the 8-foot diameter mirror was ground to shape and polished, the glass surface was coated with a reflective layer of aluminum and a protective layer of magnesium fluoride, 0.1- and 0.025-micrometers thick, respectively. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. content: Figuring is the process of final polishing of an optical surface to remove imperfections or modify the surface curvature to achieve the shape required for a given application.

title: Mirror section title: Manufacturing hierarchical section title: Mirror / Manufacturing caption reference description: Polishing the primary mirror for the Hubble Space Telescope. A deviation in the surface quality of approximately 4λ resulted in poor images initially, which was eventually compensated for using corrective optics. caption attribution description: English: Hubble Space Telescope Primary Mirror: This photograph shows the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Primary Mirror being ground at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation's large optics fabrication facility. After the 8-foot diameter mirror was ground to shape and polished, the glass surface was coated with a reflective layer of aluminum and a protective layer of magnesium fluoride, 0.1- and 0.025-micrometers thick, respectively. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. content: A mirror is a smooth or polished surface that returns an image by reflection. Technically, a mirror or reflector is an object such that each narrow beam of light that incides on its surface bounces in a single direction. This property, called specular reflection, distinguishes a mirror from objects that scatter light in many directions, let it pass through them, or absorb it.
Most mirrors behave as such only for certain ranges of wavelength, direction, and polarization of the incident light; most commonly for visible light, but also for other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to radio waves. A mirror will generally reflect only a fraction of the incident light; even the best mirrors may scatter, absorb, or transmit a small portion of it. If the mirror's width is only a few times the wavelength of the light, a significant part of the light will also be diffracted instead. An object that is a mirror when examined at a small scale may seem to be scattering light when examined at a larger scale.

title: Ultra low expansion glass section title: Applications hierarchical section title: Ultra low expansion glass / Applications caption reference description: Hubble telescope mirror made out of ULE glass. caption attribution description: English: Hubble Space Telescope Primary Mirror: This photograph shows the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Primary Mirror being ground at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation's large optics fabrication facility. After the 8-foot diameter mirror was ground to shape and polished, the glass surface was coated with a reflective layer of aluminum and a protective layer of magnesium fluoride, 0.1- and 0.025-micrometers thick, respectively. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST and the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. content: Ultra low expansion glass is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated. ULE has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion and contains as components silica and less than 10% titanium dioxide. Such high resistance to thermal expansion makes it very resistant to high temperature thermal shock. ULE has been made by Corning since the 1960s, but is still very important to current applications.


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title: 2018 Maine gubernatorial election section title: Results hierarchical section title: 2018 Maine gubernatorial election / Democratic primary / Results caption reference description: Results by county  Map legend   Mills—60–70%   Mills—50–60%   Mills—40–50%   Mills—30–40%   Mills—20–30%   Cote—30–40% content: The 2018 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of Maine. It occurred along with elections for the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Governor Paul LePage was term limited and could not seek reelection to a third consecutive term in office, although he did later announce his campaign for a third term in the 2022 election.
The primaries for this election were the first in Maine to be conducted with ranked choice voting, as opposed to a simple plurality, after voters passed a citizen referendum approving the change in 2016. An advisory opinion by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court held that RCV would be unconstitutional for general elections for governor and the state legislature. This led state legislators to vote to delay its implementation pending approval of a state constitutional amendment. Backers of a "people's veto" turned in enough signatures to suspend this law until a June referendum vote, which restored RCV for future primary and congressional elections.


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title: Fernanda Lima section title: Television hierarchical section title: Fernanda Lima / Career / Television caption reference description: Lima in 2007 caption attribution description: Português: A modelo, atriz e apresentadora de TV brasileira Fernanda Lima. content: Fernanda Cama Pereira Lima is a Brazilian actress, model and television host. In spite of a short career in film and telenovelas, she has established herself in popular culture, as a host to a variety of shows on MTV Brasil, Rede TV!, and Globo TV. In 2014, she has been contracted by FIFA to be the muse of the World Cup and of the Ballon d'Or.


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title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Audubon County, Iowa hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Audubon County, Iowa caption reference description: Location of Audubon County in Iowa content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Audubon County, Iowa.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Audubon County, Iowa, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 15 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 13, 2019.

title: Audubon County, Iowa hierarchical section title: Audubon County, Iowa caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Iowa content: Audubon County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,119, making it Iowa's third-least populous county. Its county seat is Audubon. The county was named after John James Audubon, the naturalist and artist.


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title: Union Stockyards (Omaha) section title: 1900 to 1940s hierarchical section title: Union Stockyards (Omaha) / History / 1900 to 1940s caption reference description: Site plan, 1925 caption attribution description: English: Plan of the Union Stock Yards in Omaha, Nebraska, 1925 content: The Union Stockyards of Omaha, Nebraska were founded in 1883 in South Omaha by the Union Stock Yards Company of Omaha. A fierce rival of Chicago's Union Stock Yards, the Omaha Union Stockyards were third in the United States for production by 1890. In 1947 they were second to Chicago in the world. Omaha overtook Chicago as the nation's largest livestock market and meat packing industry center in 1955, a title which it held onto until 1971. The 116-year-old institution closed in 1999. The Livestock Exchange Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.


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title: Thurston, Suffolk hierarchical section title: Thurston, Suffolk caption attribution description: Sign in Thurston town centre, Suffolk, UK content: Thurston is a village and a parish in Suffolk situated about 4 miles east of Bury St Edmunds and 10 miles west of Stowmarket.
In mid-2005, Thurston's estimated population was 3,260, making it one of the larger communities in the area, falling slightly to 3,232 at the 2011 Census.
Thurston railway station opened in 1846 and is still operating today. The village also has frequent bus service to neighbouring towns, including Bury St Edmunds. The village is located under 2 miles from the A14 and under 40 miles from the M11 motorway.


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title: Suzhou section title: Museums hierarchical section title: Suzhou / Cityscape and environment / Museums caption reference description: Suzhou Museum, designed by I. M. Pei, is one of the landmarks of Suzhou, combining traditional culture and modern design. caption attribution description: English: Suzhou | China 2009 content: Suzhou, alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province of East China, about 100 km northwest of Shanghai. It is a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce, and the second largest city in the province, after its capital Nanjing. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the shores of Lake Tai and belongs to the Yangtze River Delta region. Administratively, Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with a population of 4.33 million in its city proper, and a total resident population of 10.58 million in its administrative area. Its urban population grew at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% between 2000 and 2014, which is the highest among cities with more than 5 million people.
Founded in 514 BC, Suzhou has over 2,500 years of history, with an abundant display of relics and sites of historical interest. Around AD 100, during the Eastern Han dynasty, it became one of the ten largest cities in the world mostly due to emigration from Northern China. Since the 10th-century Song dynasty, it has been an important commercial center of China.