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title: Tax March section title: Illinois hierarchical section title: Tax March / Locations / National / Illinois caption reference description: Demonstrators in Chicago content: The Tax March was a series of demonstrations held in more than 150 locations throughout the United States on April 15, 2017. The intent was to pressure U.S. President Donald Trump to release his tax returns.
At least 180 march events were organized in the United States and abroad. The protests were a response to the perceived lack of transparency in the Trump administration, and the fact that President Trump still had not released his tax returns by that date, contrary to his promise that he would. April 15 is the deadline for most households to file income tax returns in the United States, though in 2017 the deadline was April 18 as the 15th fell on a Saturday.
As of January 2019, Trump's taxes were not forthcoming. The New York Times revealed on May 7, 2019 that it had acquired information about Trump's tax returns showing over one billion dollars in business losses with a decade in the red.


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title: Campbell, Ohio hierarchical section title: Campbell, Ohio caption reference description: Houses on Jackson Street caption attribution description: English: Houses on the northern side of Jackson Street east of the Chambers Street intersection in Campbell, Ohio, United States. Built by Youngstown Sheet and Tube as residences for its employees, this neighborhood is part of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Housing, a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. caption alt text description: Houses on Jackson Street content: Campbell is a city in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States. The population was 8,235 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Campbell was first called East Youngstown and this designation still appears on real estate deeds between 1902 and 1926, when the city was renamed for local industrialist James Campbell, then chairman of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company.

title: Youngstown Sheet and Tube section title: History hierarchical section title: Youngstown Sheet and Tube / History caption reference description: Company housing in Campbell caption attribution description: English: Houses on the northern side of Jackson Street east of the Chambers Street intersection in Campbell, Ohio, United States. Built by Youngstown Sheet and Tube as residences for its employees, this neighborhood is part of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Housing, a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: The Youngstown Iron Sheet and Tube Company, based in Youngstown, Ohio, was an American steel manufacturer. Officially, the company was created on November 23, 1900, when Articles of Incorporation of the Youngstown Iron Sheet and Tube Company were filed with the Ohio Secretary of State at Columbus. It acquired the Mark Manufacturing Company in 1923. Youngstown Sheet and Tube remained in business until 1977. A Youngstown resident acquired the name, trademark, and logo in 2014 and opened a small business promoting the economic redevelopment of Youngstown.


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title: List of tallest buildings in Arizona section title: Phoenix hierarchical section title: List of tallest buildings in Arizona / By city / Phoenix caption attribution description: English: JCordova, self, content: The following is a chronological list of buildings in the state of Arizona that are taller than 7-stories or have historical relevance, grouped by city.

title: Arizona Center hierarchical section title: Arizona Center caption reference description: Tower One caption attribution description: English: JCordova, self, content: Arizona Center is a shopping center and office complex located in downtown Phoenix, Arizona.


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title: Grand 1894 Opera House hierarchical section title: Grand 1894 Opera House caption reference description: Opera House entrance in 2012 caption attribution description: English: Entrance to Grand Opera House, Galveston, Texas — a historical site. content: The Grand 1894 Opera House in Galveston, Texas is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theatre. The Romanesque Revival style Opera House is located at 2020 Post Office Street in Galveston's Historic Downtown Cultural Arts District. It was named "The Official Opera House of Texas" in 1993 by the 73rd Texas Legislature. It has a seating capacity of 1,040.

title: History of Galveston, Texas section title: Golden era hierarchical section title: History of Galveston, Texas / Golden era caption reference description: Galveston Grand Opera House caption attribution description: English: Entrance to Grand Opera House, Galveston, Texas — a historical site. content: The History of Galveston, Texas, begins with the archaeological record of Native Americans who used the island. The first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful revolution from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution. Galveston was founded in 1836 by Matthew Sabo and served as the capital of the Republic of Texas. The Battle of Galveston was fought in Galveston Bay during the American Civil War when Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city.
During the mid-19th century, Galveston emerged as an international city with immigration and trade from around the U.S. and the world. The city became one of the nation's busiest ports and the world's leading port for cotton exports. Galveston became Texas' largest city and, during that era, was its prime commercial center. In 1900, the island was struck by a devastating hurricane. Even post-Hurricane Katrina, this event holds the record as the United States' deadliest natural disaster.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Galveston County, Texas section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Galveston County, Texas / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Entrance to Grand Opera House, Galveston, Texas — a historical site. caption alt text description: Grand Opera House content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Galveston County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Galveston County, Texas. There are nine districts, 68 individual properties, and four former properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two districts and one individually listed property are National Historic Landmarks. One district and six individually listed properties are State Antiquities Landmarks. Seventy-two properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one property that contains two while four districts contain many more.
Many of the below locations survived the Galveston hurricane of 1900 while all former listings were victims of later hurricanes.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted June 19, 2020.


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title: Charlélie Couture hierarchical section title: Charlélie Couture caption attribution description: Portrait de CharlElie Couture content: Charlélie Couture is a French & American musician and multi-disciplinary artist, who has recorded over 25 albums and 17 film soundtracks, and has held a number of exhibitions of paintings and photographs. He has also worked as a poster designer, and has published about 15 books of reflections, drawings and photographs.


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title: 1972 Summer Olympics medal table section title: Medal table hierarchical section title: 1972 Summer Olympics medal table / Medal table caption reference description: Mark Spitz in 2008; he won seven gold medals in swimming at the 1972 Games caption attribution description: English: Former Olympic swimmer Mark Spitz throws out the first pitch in Minneapolis, Minnesota. caption alt text description: close up shot of a man with grey hair content: The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, took place in Munich, Germany, from 26 August through 11 September 1972. A total of 7,134 athletes from 121 National Olympic Committees competed in 195 events from 23 sports. Men's indoor handball, slalom canoeing and kayaking all made their Olympic debuts, while archery returned to the Olympic program after a 52-year hiatus. Rhodesia, like South Africa, was still segregated in 1972 and yet the International Olympic Committee voted to invite Rhodesia to the 1972 Games. Eventually, African nations protested this invitation and threatened to boycott the Games. Three days before the opening ceremonies the IOC voted to rescind their invitation and exclude the Rhodesian athletes.
The Games were largely overshadowed by what has come to be known as the Munich massacre. On September 5 a group of eight Palestinian terrorists belonging to the Black September Organization broke into the Olympic Village and took nine Israeli athletes, coaches and officials hostage in their apartments.


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title: Kilmaurs Place section title: Introduction hierarchical section title: Kilmaurs Place / The History of Kilmaurs Place. / Introduction caption reference description: The Beech tree avenue leading up to Kilmaurs Place in 1912. caption attribution description: The Beech tree avenue running up to Kilmaurs Place, Ayrshire, Scotland. content: Kilmaurs Place, The Place or Kilmaurs House, is an old mansion house and the ruins of Kilmaurs Tower grid reference NS41234112 are partly incorporated, Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The house stands on a prominence above the Carmel Water and has a commanding view of the surrounding area. Once the seat of the Cunningham Earls of Glencairn it ceased to be the main residence after 1484 when Finlaystone became the family seat.


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title: Richard Clement Moody section title: Selection hierarchical section title: Richard Clement Moody / Founder and first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia (October 1858 - July 1863) / Selection caption reference description: Moody selected Freemason Robert Burnaby to serve as his Private Secretary, and named Burnaby Lake after him. caption attribution description: Robert Burnaby [ca. 1867]. content: His Excellency, Major-General The Honourable Richard Clement Moody FICE FRGS RIBA was a British Imperialist, Colonial Governor, Royal Engineer, musician, and architect. He is best known for being the founder and first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, and for being the first British Governor of the Falkland Islands. He has been described by 20th-century British diplomat David Tatham CMG, as an 'Empire builder'.
Richard Clement Moody was the founder of British Columbia as Colony of British Columbia, having been hand picked to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific". The Colonial Office under Lord Lytton desired to send to the nascent Colony 'representatives of the best of British culture' who possessed ‘courtesy, high breeding and urbane knowledge of the world’ and decided to send Moody, whom the British Government considered to be the archetype of the 'English gentleman and British Officer’, as Commander of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia, and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.
Moody is considered to be the founding father of British Columbia.


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title: Excavations at Stonehenge section title: Modern studies hierarchical section title: Excavations at Stonehenge / Modern studies caption reference description: Excavations near the Heel Stone (The Antiquaries Journal, 1925) caption attribution description: English: Mishkan 1.2m (4ft) Below Heelstone content: Records of archaeological excavations at the Stonehenge site date back to the early 17th century.

title: Heelstone Ditch hierarchical section title: Heelstone Ditch caption reference description: 1923 Excavation of Heelstone Ditch caption attribution description: English: Mishkan 1.2m (4ft) Below Heelstone content: Heelstone Ditch is a roughly circular feature surrounding the Heelstone at Stonehenge. It is not known if there was an intended relationship between the ditch and the heelstone although it is likely that the stone was in place either before or at the same time as the ditch. It has steep sloping sides which end at a narrow flat base, and is approximately 4 ft deep and 3.5 ft wide. It is some 12 ft from base the base of the Heelstone, with a diameter of roughly 32 ft. A broad arcing trench found in 1923 by Lt-Col William Hawley 9 ft wide cuts this ditch from the West, deepening towards the stone. Against the Heelstone Ditch is rammed chalk filled Stonehole 97, whose missing stone is known as Heelstone's twin although it is possible that the stone in Stonehole 97 was moved and is now the stone known as the Heelstone. The ditch was probably dug after the stone in Stonehole 97 was moved but possibly before that.
Only a small part of the Heelstone Ditch, immediately behind the Highways Agency A344 roadside fence, now remains unexplored or undisturbed. General nature of the ditch and fill described in 1979 by Michael W. Pitts, et al, compares well with Hawley's.

title: William Hawley hierarchical section title: William Hawley caption reference description: Excavations near the Heelstone (The Antiquaries Journal, 1925) caption attribution description: English: Mishkan 1.2m (4ft) Below Heelstone content: Lieutenant-Colonel William Hawley was a British archaeologist who undertook pioneering excavations at Stonehenge.


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title: Ohm (river) hierarchical section title: Ohm (river) caption reference description: A watermill named Hainmühle (established 1555) near the village Betziesdorf caption attribution description: English: The Hainmühle a watermill next to Betziesdorf at the Ohm Deutsch: Die Hainmühle an der Ohm content: The Ohm is a river in Hesse, Germany.
It is a right tributary of the Lahn. Its total length is 61 km. The Ohm originates in the Vogelsberg Mountains, east of the town Ulrichstein. It flows generally northwest through Ulrichstein, Mücke, Homberg, Amöneburg, Kirchhain, and joins the Lahn in Cölbe, near Marburg. Its largest tributaries are the Seenbach, Felda, Klein, Wohra and Rotes Wasser.


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title: Boac, Marinduque section title: History hierarchical section title: Boac, Marinduque / History caption reference description: Laylay Port caption attribution description: English: This is an old pier in the town of Boac, in the province of Marinduque, Philippines. This is a photo of a cultural heritage property in the Philippines with ID PH-XX-XXXX content: Boac, officially the Municipality of Boac, is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Marinduque, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 54,730 people.
Situated in the western coast of Marinduque Island, the municipality is bordered in the north by the municipality of Mogpog, in the west by the Tayabas Bay and Sibuyan Sea, in the east by the municipality of Torrijos, and in the south by the municipalities of Gasan and Buenavista.
Boac, a heritage town in its own right, is known as one of the main venues of the annual Moriones Festival and is the location of a number of historical sites in Marinduque including the Boac Cathedral fortress church, Casa Real and the Liwasan ng Kalayaan, Laylay Port, and the Battle of Paye site. The municipality is also home to the Marinduque Branch of the National Museum of the Philippines.


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title: Vajdahunyad Castle hierarchical section title: Vajdahunyad Castle caption reference description: Vajdahunyad Castle viewed from its lakeside caption attribution description: English: Vajdahunyad Castle in Budapest, Hungary content: Vajdahunyad Castle is a castle in the City Park of Budapest, Hungary. It was built in 1896 as part of the Millennial Exhibition which celebrated the 1,000 years of Hungary since the Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895. The castle was designed by Ignác Alpár to feature copies of several landmark buildings from different parts the Kingdom of Hungary, especially the Hunyad Castle in Transylvania. As the castle contains parts of buildings from various time periods, it displays different architectural styles: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. Originally, it was made from cardboard and wood, but it became so popular that it was rebuilt from stone and brick between 1904 and 1908. Today, it houses the Museum of Hungarian Agriculture, the biggest agricultural museum in Europe.
The statue of the chronicler Anonymus is also displayed in the castle court. Anonymus lived in the 12th century, who wrote the chronicle Gesta Hungarorum.
The external wall of the castle contains a bust of Béla Lugosi, a Hungarian-American actor famous for portraying Count Dracula in the original 1931 film.


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title: Shin Sung-rok hierarchical section title: Shin Sung-rok caption reference description: Shin Sung-rok in 2019 caption attribution description: 한국어: 3일 오후 서울 구로구 라마다 서울 신도림에서 열린 KBS2 새 월화드라마 ‘퍼퓸’ 제작발표회가 열렸다. content: Shin Sung-rok is a South Korean actor. He frequently appears in films and television series, but is better known and active in musical theatre.


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title: VASP section title: History hierarchical section title: VASP / History caption reference description: Airbus A300 at Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport in 1984 content: Viação Aérea São Paulo S/A, better known as VASP was an airline with its head office in the VASP Building on the grounds of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. It had main bases at São Paulo's two major airports, Congonhas Airport and Guarulhos International Airport.


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title: List of orbital launch systems section title: Europe hierarchical section title: List of orbital launch systems / Europe caption reference description: Ariane 5 caption attribution description: Ariane 5 mock-up (full size) from Cité de l'Espace in Toulouse content: This is a list of conventional orbital launch systems. This is composed of carrier rockets, and other conventional systems, used to place satellites into orbit.

title: Cité de l'espace hierarchical section title: Cité de l'espace caption reference description: Ariane 5 mock-up at Cité de l'espace caption attribution description: Ariane 5 mock-up (full size) from Cité de l'Espace in Toulouse content: The Cité de l'espace is a scientific discovery centre focused on spaceflight. It was opened in June 1997 and is located on the eastern outskirts of Toulouse, France. As of 2012, there had been more than 4 million visitors.


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title: William Gordon Rutherfurd hierarchical section title: William Gordon Rutherfurd caption reference description: Captain William Gordon Rutherford (also Rutherfurd) content: Captain William Gordon Rutherfurd RN, CB was an officer in the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars whose career was almost entirely conducted in the West Indies except for a brief stay in European waters during which he commanded the ship of the line HMS Swiftsure at the battle of Trafalgar.


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title: Johann Henrich Otto hierarchical section title: Johann Henrich Otto caption reference description: Fraktur birth and baptismal certificate (Geburts und Taufschein) of Johanes Bender, in the collection of the Winterthur Museum caption attribution description: English: Fraktur birth and baptismal certificate (Geburts und Taufschein) of Johanes Bender, date 1784, in the collection of Winterthur Museum caption alt text description: Colorful certificate showing birds and other motifs content: Johann Henrich Otto was an American fraktur artist.
Otto was a native of Schwarzerden near Pfeffelbach, and came to the Thirteen Colonies as a young man, arriving aboard the ship Edinburgh on October 2, 1753. He married Anna Catharine Dauterich; their children were born in Lancaster and Montgomery Counties in Pennsylvania. Beginning in 1755 he advertised himself as a weaver. From 1777 until 1780 he saw military service in the American Revolutionary War. He appears to have worked as a schoolmaster for numerous Reformed Protestant churches; from around 1769 until 1779 he was associated with an institution in Schaefferstown, Pennsylvania, and later he lived in Mahanoy Township, then in Northumberland County, where he likely taught at St. Peter's Lutheran and Reformed Church. Otto began producing fraktur in the 1760s; he was among the first artists to create birth certificates using the style. His earliest pieces are completely hand-drawn, very colorful and detailed. By 1784 he was having baptismal certificates printed at the press of the Ephrata Cloister; the woodblocks used to decorate the pieces may have been designed by him as well.

title: Fraktur (folk art) section title: Notable artists hierarchical section title: Fraktur (folk art) / Notable artists caption reference description: Fraktur birth and baptismal certificate (Geburts und Taufschein) of Johanes Bender by Johann Heinrich Otto caption attribution description: English: Fraktur birth and baptismal certificate (Geburts und Taufschein) of Johanes Bender, date 1784, in the collection of Winterthur Museum caption alt text description: Colorful certificate showing birds and other decorative motifs content: Fraktur is a highly artistic and elaborate illuminated folk art created by the Pennsylvania Dutch, named after the Fraktur script associated with it. Most Fraktur were created between 1740 and 1860.
Fraktur drawings were executed in ink and/or watercolors and are found in a wide variety of forms: the Vorschriften, the Taufscheine, marriage and house blessings, book plates, and floral and figurative scenes. The earlier Fraktur were executed entirely by hand, while printed text became increasingly common in later examples. Common artistic motifs in Fraktur include birds, hearts, and tulips, as well as blackletter and italic calligraphy.
Many major American museums, including the American Folk Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art have Fraktur in their collection. Important Fraktur have been sold by major American auction houses and antique dealers for prices in excess of $100,000. The definitive text on Fraktur is widely considered to be The Fraktur-Writings or Illuminated Manuscripts of the Pennsylvania Germans, written by Dr. Donald A. Shelley and published by the Pennsylvania German Society in 1961. In late 2004, the majority of Dr.


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title: Xymalos section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Xymalos / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Fruit of a Lemonwood in the Springside Nature Reserve in Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal content: Xymalos monospora, commonly known as lemonwood, is a species of evergreen tree native to Africa, the only species in the genus Xymalos. It is an Afromontane endemic, and can be found from 900–2700 meters elevation in the highlands of Eastern Africa from Sudan to South Africa, as well as on Mount Cameroon and Bioko in west-central Africa.
Lemonwood is commonly found in escarpment forest and regenerated scrub. Its leaves have a strong lemon scent when crushed. Fragrant yellow flowers appear in spring and are followed by small green capsules that take about a year to ripen.


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title: Chail, Himachal Pradesh hierarchical section title: Chail, Himachal Pradesh caption reference description: View of hills from Chail caption attribution description: English: View from Chail Hill station, hIMACHAL caption alt text description: View of hills from Chail content: Chail is a hill station in Himachal Pradesh, India. It is 44 kilometres from Shimla and 45 kilometres from Solan. It is known for its salubrious beauty and virgin forests. The Chail Palace is well known for its architecture: the palace was built as summer retreat by the Maharaja of Patiala during the British Raj, on the land allotted to him by the British for former's assistance in the Anglo-Nepalese War. The cricket ground and a polo ground which is there at an altitude of 2,444 m was owned by erstwhile royal family of Patiala. It is the world's highest cricket ground.
Chail is also frequented by hikers as it offers wonderful views of the lower Himalayas. It has good trekking points from Junga, Kufri and Ashwani Khad at Solan. Many Eco camps are held here. There are many camping sites for campers and hikers, so camping in Chail is most sought after activity for enthusiasts.


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title: Government Laboratory High School, Mymensingh hierarchical section title: Government Laboratory High School, Mymensingh caption reference description: Government Laboratory High School Academic Building caption attribution description: English: Govt. Laboratory High School, Mymensingh বাংলা: গভর্নমেন্ট ল্যাবরেটরী হাই স্কুল, ময়মনসিংহ content: The Government Laboratory High School, Mymensingh is a well known secondary school listed in Mymensingh City Corporation in Bangladesh. Its EIIN number is '111837'. It was established in the bank of old Brahmaputra
river in the garden of Moharaja Surzakanta Acharjya in Mymensingh. The geographical coordinates of Government Laboratory High School are 24°45'14" North, 90°24'10.99" East. It is top listed educational institution not only Mymensingh Division but also Bangladesh.


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title: Glacier Lake (Alberta) section title: References hierarchical section title: Glacier Lake (Alberta) / References caption reference description: Glacier Lake (centered) seen from Mt. Sarbach. Mt Outram to far left, Division Mountain and Lyell Glacier in back, Mount Erasmus to right, and Howse River across bottom of frame. caption attribution description: English: Glacier Lake in Banff National Park, with Howse River and Mt. Outram (Left) seen from Mt. Sarbach content: Glacier Lake is the fourth largest lake in Banff National Park, in Alberta, Canada.
Glacier Lake was named by Sir James Hector of the Palliser expedition in 1858 for the fact the lake is fed from glaciers, specifically the glaciers of the Lyell and Mons Icefields as well as the Forbes North Glacier. The lake is surrounded by Mount Outram, Division Mountain, and Mount Erasmus. The lake is fed and discharged by the Glacier River, which is a tributary of the Howse River. The lake can be accessed via a 8.9 kilometres trail which starts near Saskatchewan River Crossing along the Icefields Parkway. Park at the Glacier Lake trailhead.


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title: 2014 Swedish general election hierarchical section title: 2014 Swedish general election caption reference description: Largest party by district (left) and municipality (right)
Red – Social Democratic, Blue – Moderate, Yellow – Sweden Democrats content: General elections were held in Sweden on 14 September 2014 to elect all 349 seats in the Riksdag, alongside elections for the 21 county councils, and 290 municipal assemblies.
The centre-right Alliance for Sweden coalition sought a third term in government. In contrast to the previous election, the three largest parties on the left ran independent campaigns, as did the far-right Sweden Democrats. The left-wing party, Feminist Initiative, did not secure the 4% threshold.
The election result saw the largest three parties on the left outpoll the Alliance for Sweden, with the two blocs respectively winning 159 and 141 seats. The Sweden Democrats doubled their support and won the remaining 49 seats. The Sweden Democrats also became the largest party in two rural municipalities in Scania in the party's southern heartlands. Fredrik Reinfeldt, the incumbent prime minister, lost his bid for a third term. On 3 October, he was replaced by Stefan Löfven, who formed a minority government consisting of the Social Democrats and Greens.


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title: Scott Flansburg hierarchical section title: Scott Flansburg caption reference description: Flansburg in 2011 caption attribution description: w:Scott Flansburg on tour in Norway, 2011 caption alt text description: Flansburg in 2011 content: Scott Flansburg is an American dubbed "The Human Calculator" and listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for speed of mental calculation. He is the annual host and ambassador for The National Counting Bee, a math educator, and media personality. He has published the books Math Magic and Math Magic for Your Kids.


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title: Buddhism in the Maldives section title: Destruction of Buddhist sculptures in 2012 hierarchical section title: Buddhism in the Maldives / Destruction of Buddhist sculptures in 2012 caption reference description: The Fua Mulaku Havitta, by H.C.P. Bell, in 1922. caption attribution description: see filename. Author deceased in 1937. content: Buddhism in the Maldives was the predominant religion at least until the 12th century CE. It is not clear how Buddhism was introduced into the islands.

title: Fua Mulaku Havitta hierarchical section title: Fua Mulaku Havitta caption reference description: The Fua Mulaku Havitta, by H.C.P. Bell, in 1922. caption attribution description: see filename. Author deceased in 1937. content: Fua Mulaku Havitta is the ruin of a Buddhist chaitya whose main feature is its ruined stupa. The Havitta is located at the northeastern end of Fuvahmulah, Maldives in the area of Dhadimagu ward of the island. Being the most important center of the Buddhist community in the pre-Islamic period, Dhadimagu was the last ward of the island to have accepted Islam. It was after the acceptance of Islam by the residents of Dhadimagu ward that the Havitta was buried under a mound of sand and one of the temples in the area got converted into a mosque to be known as Gemmiskiy. This happened in the early 1200s under the leadership of Abu Bakr Naib, who completed the conversion process in Fuvahmulah started by his great grandfather Yoosuf Naib in the year 1145 CE.
In 1922, when H.C.P Bell saw the ruin, the big Havitta was of about 40 feet in height. A smaller mound, about 15 feet in height, was located nearby. In 1982, their shapes had already been lost because of the damage done by careless diggings to find valuable artifacts or for bungled research purposes, which according to islanders' reports had been made in the 1940s.


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title: Supermarine Spitfire section title: Restorations and replicas hierarchical section title: Supermarine Spitfire / Restorations and replicas caption reference description: Replica Mk Vb on display in 2009 caption attribution description: English: Replica Supermarine Spitfire model Vb on display in 2009 content: The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II. Many variants of the Spitfire were built, using several wing configurations, and it was produced in greater numbers than any other British aircraft. It was also the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war. The Spitfire continues to be popular among enthusiasts; nearly 60 remain airworthy, and many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world.
The Spitfire was designed as a short-range, high-performance interceptor aircraft by R. J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation Works, which operated as a subsidiary of Vickers-Armstrong from 1928. Mitchell pushed the Spitfire's distinctive elliptical wing with cutting-edge sunken rivets to have the thinnest possible cross-section, helping give the aircraft a higher top speed than several contemporary fighters, including the Hawker Hurricane.


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title: Charlie Curnow hierarchical section title: Charlie Curnow caption reference description: Curnow playing for Carlton in 2017 caption attribution description: English: Charlie Curnow during the AFL round twelve match between Carlton and Greater Western Sydney on 11 June 2017 at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, Victoria. content: Charles ‘Charlie’ Curnow is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League. Curnow received a nomination for the 2017 AFL Rising Star award in round 16 of the 2017 season.

title: 2017 AFL Rising Star section title: Nominations hierarchical section title: 2017 AFL Rising Star / Nominations caption reference description: Charlie Curnow was one of five Carlton players to be nominated for the Rising Star in 2017.[6] caption attribution description: English: Charlie Curnow during the AFL round twelve match between Carlton and Greater Western Sydney on 11 June 2017 at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, Victoria. caption alt text description: Male athlete in sleeveless guernsey runs during a football match content: The AFL Rising Star is an Australian rules football award presented annually to the player adjudged the best young player in the Australian Football League for the year. An eligible player is nominated for the award each round during the AFL's regular season, and a panel of experts votes for the winner at the end of the season.
During the 2017 season, the award was sponsored by National Australia Bank, and the winner announced in a presentation held on 1 September 2017 and broadcast on subscription television by Fox Footy. The voting panel for this season consisted of eleven members, all of whom were AFL officials or former players: Kevin Bartlett, Luke Darcy, Andrew Dillon, Danny Frawley, Glen Jakovich, Chris Johnson, Cameron Ling, Gillon McLachlan, Matthew Richardson, Warren Tredrea and Kevin Sheehan. The winner was Essendon player Andrew McGrath, who polled 51 votes. McGrath became only the third number-one draft pick to win the award, and the second Essendon recipient.
The club that garnered the most individual nominations this season was Carlton with five players nominated for the award.


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title: Trine Rein hierarchical section title: Trine Rein caption reference description: 2004 press photo caption attribution description: English: Trine Rein photographed by Muriel Mutzel. caption alt text description: 2004 press photo content: Trine Rein is an American-Norwegian singer, who belongs to the exclusive group of Norwegian artists whose album sales have exceeded more than a million records. Rein was born in San Francisco in 1970. She is 1.76 meters tall. She is married to Norwegian adventurer Lars Monsen.

title: Maybe (No Angels song) section title: Release and reception hierarchical section title: Maybe (No Angels song) / Release and reception caption reference description: Trine Rein's (pictured) original version of "Maybe" received limited release only. caption attribution description: English: Trine Rein photographed by Muriel Mutzel. content: "Maybe" is a song performed by all-female German pop group No Angels. It was written and composed by Pelle Ankarberg, Niclas Molinder, Maryann Morgan, and Joacim Persson and originally recorded by American-Norwegian pop singer Trine Rein, featuring strings by violinist Andreas Ljones. An uplifting pop rock song that features a heavy guitar riff sample, it incorporates an uncredited sample of The Beatles' 1969 number-one record "Come Together", while its lyrics revolve around relationship that is built upon contingence and hesitancy.
In October 2006, Rein and Ljones qualified for the Melodi Grand Prix 2007 with the song, the television show in which the Norwegian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 was chosen. It eventually finished the contest in the final round, losing to Guri Schanke's "Ven a bailar conmigo". The same year, "Maybe" was also recorded by the re-formed No Angels for their fourth studio album, Destiny.


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title: Dey hierarchical section title: Dey caption reference description: The American Commander William Bainbridge paying tribute to the Dey, circa 1800 caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: Dey, from the Ottoman honorific title dayı, literally meaning uncle, was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards. Twenty-nine deys held office from the establishment of the deylicate in Algeria until the French conquest in 1830.
The Ricky dey was chosen by local civilian, military, and religious leaders to govern for life and ruled with a high degree of autonomy from the Ottoman sultan. The main sources of his revenues were taxes on the agricultural population, religious tributes, and protection payments rendered by Corsairs, regarded as pirates who preyed on Mediterranean shipping. In the European part of the Ottoman Empire, in particular during its decline, leaders of the outlawed janissary and yamak troops sometimes acquired title of Dahi or Dahia, which is derived from Dey.
The dey was assisted in governing made up of the Chiefs of the Army and Navy, the Director of Shipping, the Treasurer-General and the Collector of Tributes.
The realm of the dey of Alger was divided into three provinces, each of which was administered by a bey whom he appointed.

title: William Bainbridge section title: First Barbary war hierarchical section title: William Bainbridge / Service in US Navy / First Barbary war caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: William Bainbridge was a Commodore in the United States Navy. During his long career in the young American Navy he served under six presidents beginning with John Adams and is notable for his many victories at sea. He commanded several famous naval ships, including USS Constitution, and saw service in the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. Bainbridge was also in command of USS Philadelphia when she grounded off the shores of Tripoli in North Africa, resulting in his capture and imprisonment for many months. In the latter part of his career he became the U.S. Naval Commissioner.

title: Maritime history of the United States (1776–1799) section title: 1783-1790 hierarchical section title: Maritime history of the United States (1776–1799) / 1783-1790 caption reference description: Captain William Bainbridge paying tribute to the Dey. caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: The Maritime history of the United States (1776–1799) begins with the British colonists before 1776, American merchant vessels had enjoyed the protection of the Royal Navy. During the American Revolution, American ships came under the aegis of France due to a 1778 Treaty of Alliance between the two countries.

title: History of the United States Merchant Marine section title: 1783–1790 hierarchical section title: History of the United States Merchant Marine / History / Early history / 1783–1790 caption reference description: Captain William Bainbridge paying tribute to the Dey caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: The maritime history of the United States is a broad theme within the history of the United States. As an academic subject, it crosses the boundaries of standard disciplines, focusing on understanding the United States' relationship with the oceans, seas, and major waterways of the globe. The focus is on merchant shipping, and the financing and manning of the ships. A merchant marine owned at home is not essential to an extensive foreign commerce. In fact, it may be cheaper to hire other nations to handle the carrying trade than to participate in it directly. On the other hand, there are certain advantages, particularly during time of war, which may warrant an aggressive government encouragement to the maintenance of a merchant marine.

title: First Barbary War section title: Background and overview hierarchical section title: First Barbary War / Background and overview caption reference description: Captain William Bainbridge paying tribute to the Dey of Algiers, 1800 caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: The First Barbary War, also known as the Tripolitanian War and the Barbary Coast War, was the first of two Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against the four North African states known collectively as the "Barbary States". Three of these were autonomous, but nominally provinces of the Ottoman Empire: Tripoli, Algiers, and Tunis. The fourth was the independent Sultanate of Morocco.
The cause of the U.S. participation was pirates from the Barbary States seizing American merchant ships and holding the crews for ransom, demanding the U.S. pay tribute to the Barbary rulers. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this tribute. Sweden had been at war with the Tripolitans since 1800.

title: History of Tunisia section title: Husaynid Beys hierarchical section title: History of Tunisia / Ottoman Caliphate, and the Beys / Husaynid Beys caption reference description: Captain William Bainbridge (U.S.A.) with tribute for the Dey of Algiers in 1800; the Pasha of Tripoli declared war in 1801.[354] caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: The present day Republic of Tunisia, al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah, is situated in Northern Africa. Geographically situated between Libya to the east, Algeria to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. Tunis is the capital and the largest city; it is near the ancient site of the city of Carthage.
Throughout its recorded history, the physical features and environment of the land of Tunisia have remained fairly constant, although during ancient times more abundant forests grew in the north, and earlier in prehistory the Sahara to the south was not an arid desert.
The weather is temperate in the north, which enjoys a Mediterranean climate with mild rainy winters and hot dry summers, the terrain being wooded and fertile. The Medjerda river valley is currently valuable farmland. Along the eastern coast the central plains enjoy a moderate climate with less rainfall but significant precipitation in the form of heavy dews; these coastlands are currently used for orchards and grazing. Near the mountainous Algerian border rises Jebel ech Chambi, the highest point in the country at 1544 meters. In the near south, a belt of salt lakes running east–west cuts across the country.

title: Barbary pirates section title: 18th–19th centuries hierarchical section title: Barbary pirates / History / 18th–19th centuries caption reference description: Captain William Bainbridge paying tribute to the Dey of Algiers, circa 1800 caption attribution description: English: en:William Bainbridge pays tribute to the Dey. content: The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers. Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard and into the North Atlantic as far north as Iceland, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean. In addition to seizing merchant ships, they engaged in Razzias, raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, but also in the British Isles, the Netherlands, and Iceland. The main purpose of their attacks was slaves for the Ottoman slave trade as well as the general Arab slavery market in North Africa and the Middle East. Slaves in Barbary could be of many ethnicities, and of many different religions, such as Christian, Jewish, or Muslim.


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title: Grymes Hill, Staten Island section title: Education hierarchical section title: Grymes Hill, Staten Island / Education caption reference description: Wagner College content: Grymes Hill is a 374 feet tall hill formed of serpentine rock on Staten Island, New York. It is the second highest natural point on the island and in the five boroughs of New York City. The neighborhood of the same name encompasses an area of 0.894 square miles and has a population of 8,263 people. The hill also includes parts of the Silver Lake neighborhood. The area includes part of zip codes 10301 and 10304.


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title: Christian Ditlev Ammentorp Hansen section title: Pharmacist hierarchical section title: Christian Ditlev Ammentorp Hansen / Pharmacist caption reference description: The new Pharmaceutical College in Stockholmsgade caption attribution description: English: The new Farmaceutisk Læreanstalt in Stockholmsgade in Copenhagen, Denmark content: Christian Ditlev Ammentorp Hansen was a Danish pharmacist and industrialist. He founded Christian Hansen's Technical-Chemical Laboratory, which revolutionized the production of wholesome dairy products in the 1870s. He also had a key role in the establishment of the Danish Pharmaceutical College in Copenhagen in 1892, financing its first building in Stockholmsgade out of his own pocket. He owned Mullerup on Funen and Bøstrup at Slagelse.

title: Danish Pharmaceutical College section title: History hierarchical section title: Danish Pharmaceutical College / History caption reference description: The new Pharmaceutical College in Stockholmsgade caption attribution description: English: The new Farmaceutisk Læreanstalt in Stockholmsgade in Copenhagen, Denmark content: Farmaceutisk Læreranstalt, later Danmarks Farmaceutiske Højskole was a pharmaceutical educational institution established in 1892 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It merged with University of Copenhagen in 2007 and is now known as the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.

title: Stockholmsgade section title: History hierarchical section title: Stockholmsgade / History caption reference description: The new Pharmaceutical College in Stockholmsgade caption attribution description: English: The new Farmaceutisk Læreanstalt in Stockholmsgade in Copenhagen, Denmark content: Stockholmsgade is a mainly residential street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It follows the northwestern margin of Østre Anlæg, linking Sølvtorvet in the southwest with Oslo Plads at Østerport station in the northeast. The Hirschsprung Collection, an art museum, is located on the street.
The Hirschsprung Collection's building is the only building situated on the park side of the street. It was completed to a Neoclassical design by Hermann Baagøe Storck to house the personal art collection of Heinrich Hirschsprung.


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title: No. 7 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force) section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: No. 7 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force) / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Two F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft from the Royal Jordanian Air Force and the U.S. Air Force 77th Fighter Squadron; a Navy F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter aircraft assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75); and a Mirage fighter aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force fly in formation over the Dead Sea Oct. 27, 2010, during Falcon Air Meet 2010 at Azraq Royal Jordanian Air Base in Jordan. Several countries participated in the annual exercise, which was hosted by the Royal Jordanian Air Force. (DoD photo by Tech. Sgt. Wolfram M. Stumpf, U.S. Air Force/Released) content: No. 7 Squadron, nicknamed the Bandits, is a fighter squadron of the Pakistan Air Force.

title: Pakistan Air Force section title: Military exercises hierarchical section title: Pakistan Air Force / Military exercises caption reference description: A PAF Mirage III of No. 7 Bandits Squadron alongside a US Navy F-18 and F-16s of the USAF and RJAF caption attribution description: English: Two F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft from the Royal Jordanian Air Force and the U.S. Air Force 77th Fighter Squadron; a Navy F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter aircraft assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75); and a Mirage fighter aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force fly in formation over the Dead Sea Oct. 27, 2010, during Falcon Air Meet 2010 at Azraq Royal Jordanian Air Base in Jordan. Several countries participated in the annual exercise, which was hosted by the Royal Jordanian Air Force. (DoD photo by Tech. Sgt. Wolfram M. Stumpf, U.S. Air Force/Released) content: The Pakistan Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, tasked primarily with the aerial defence of Pakistan, with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and Navy when required. The PAF has a tertiary role of providing strategic air transport and logistics capability to the Government of Pakistan. As of 2017, per the IISS, the PAF has 70,000 active-duty personnel and operates 871 aircraft.
Its primary mandate and mission is "to provide, in synergy with other inter-services, the most efficient, assured and cost effective aerial defence of Pakistan." Since its establishment in 1947, the PAF has been involved in various combat operations, providing aerial support to the operations and relief efforts of the Pakistani military. Under Article 243, the Constitution of Pakistan appoints the President of Pakistan as the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Chief of Air Staff, by statute a four-star commissioned air officer, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

title: History of the Pakistan Air Force section title: Exercises hierarchical section title: History of the Pakistan Air Force / 2001–2011: War on Terror and 'new dawn' / Exercises caption reference description: A PAF Mirage III of No. 7 Bandits Squadron alongside a US Navy F-18 and F-16s of the USAF and R.J.A.F. caption attribution description: English: Two F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft from the Royal Jordanian Air Force and the U.S. Air Force 77th Fighter Squadron; a Navy F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter aircraft assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75); and a Mirage fighter aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force fly in formation over the Dead Sea Oct. 27, 2010, during Falcon Air Meet 2010 at Azraq Royal Jordanian Air Base in Jordan. Several countries participated in the annual exercise, which was hosted by the Royal Jordanian Air Force. (DoD photo by Tech. Sgt. Wolfram M. Stumpf, U.S. Air Force/Released) content: The history of the Pakistan Air Force began when it was established in 1947 following the independence of Pakistan.


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title: Jonne Järvelä hierarchical section title: Jonne Järvelä caption reference description: Jonne Järvelä during Korpiklaani concert at Myötätuulirock 2011 caption attribution description: Deutsch: Korpiklaani live am Myötätuulirock 2011 content: Jonne Järvelä is the vocalist/guitarist of the Finnish band Korpiklaani. He is known in the folk metal scene for his yoiking and contributed the yoik on the Finntroll album, Jaktens Tid. He was once a member of the Sami music group Angelin tytöt. In 2011 he appeared in the song "Humppa Is My Neighbour" by the Russian band Troll Bends Fir and in the song "Leszek a Hold" by the Hungarian band Dalriada, in 2012 he played on the Varg Song "A Thousand Eyes" of the Guten Tag album.


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title: Alex Shelley section title: Championships and accomplishments hierarchical section title: Alex Shelley / Championships and accomplishments caption reference description: Shelley is a one-time TNA X Division Champion caption attribution description: English: This is a picture of Alex Shelly with x-division belt at a House Show in Dublin, Ireland for the TNA Maxium Impact tour. Alex Shelly with x-division belt at a House Show in Dublin Ireland content: Patrick Martin is an American professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Alex Shelley. He is signed to Impact Wrestling, where he is one half of the current Impact World Tag Team Champions as one half of The Motor City Machine Guns with Chris Sabin in their second reign, and is known for his time in Ring of Honor.
He first gained fame on the independent circuit, working for Ring of Honor, as well as in Japan, for Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max. He has also worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he is a former three-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion. Aside from wrestling, he is the lead singer of a rock band called The High Crusade, which includes his friends and fellow wrestlers Chris Sabin and Petey Williams.


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title: 27th Infantry Division (United States) section title: Training hierarchical section title: 27th Infantry Division (United States) / World War I / Training caption reference description: On the march content: The 27th Infantry Division was a unit of the Army National Guard in World War I and World War II. The division traces its history from the New York Division, formed originally in 1908. The 6th Division designation was changed to the 27th Division in July 1917.
When the New York Division was organized in 1908, the New York National Guard became the second state, after Pennsylvania, to structure its National Guard at such a high tactical level in peacetime. The New York Division was called to active duty during the Mexican border crisis of 1916. While on federal duty, it was redesignated as the 6th Division in June 1916. It was released from active duty in December 1916, only to be recalled for World War I service in July 1917. The 6th Division was reorganized and redesignated as the 27th Division on 1 October 1917.


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title: 2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals section title: Qualified players hierarchical section title: 2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals / Qualified players caption reference description: Alejandro González won three challenger events. caption attribution description: Français : Alejandro González, Open Nice 2012 content: The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals is a tennis tournament played at the Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis in São Paulo, Brazil, between 13 and 17 November 2013. It will be the third edition of the event.
It is run by the Association of Tennis Professionals and is part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. The tournament serves as the season ending championships for players on the ATP Challenger Tour.
The venue went from Ginásio do Ibirapuera to Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis, because of the change of venue, the tournament will be played in outdoor clay courts for the first time. In the previous editions, it was played in indoor hard courts.


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title: Kanal 5 (North Macedonia) hierarchical section title: Kanal 5 (North Macedonia) caption reference description: Other variations of Logo of Kanal 5 content: Kanal 5 is a national, privately owned, television channel in the Republic of North Macedonia. It was founded in its current form in 1998. The network's main office is in Skopje, and also has smaller studios in other bigger cities all around North Macedonia.
The network began broadcasting to the coverage area of Skopje with fifty employees before expanding reach to the rest of the country. Kanal 5 has publicly had a strong aim of being a part of every household. Kanal 5 TV currently has an audience reach of 96% of the Macedonian population. However, its new "sister" channel Kanal 5 plus currently has an audience reach of 76% of the Macedonian population.
From August 2009 until June 2012, Kanal 5 TV was the exclusive Macedonian broadcaster of all football matches from the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Europa League and UEFA Super Cup.
In May 2010, Kanal 5 started its own HD programme, called "Kanal 5 HD", on the national IPTV operator, T-Home's Max TV.
Канал 5 Вести is the stations news division. The networks flagship evening and latenight news bulletins are presented by Tatjana Stojanovska, Borislav Tnokovski, Elizabeta Galevska or Maja Damjanovska.


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title: Abdul Rahman Abbas hierarchical section title: Abdul Rahman Abbas caption reference description: Abdul Rahman Abbas in 2009 caption attribution description: English: Penang governor (Abdul Rahman Abbas) attending the wedding of Saiful Nizam and Siti Rohaida at Safira Country Club, Penang content: Abdul Rahman bin Abbas is the current Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the state of Penang, Malaysia. The post is synonymous with its English term – governor. He is a former politician from the United Malays National Organisation. Abdul Rahman was appointed to the governorship by the King in May 2001 and has since been reappointed six times, in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.

title: Penang section title: Governance and law hierarchical section title: Penang / Governance and law caption attribution description: English: Penang governor (Abdul Rahman Abbas) attending the wedding of Saiful Nizam and Siti Rohaida at Safira Country Club, Penang content: Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. They are connected by Malaysia's two longest road bridges, the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge; the latter is also, as of May 2019, the longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia. The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass, Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east, and Perak to the south.
Penang's population stood at nearly 1.767 million as of 2018, while its population density rose to 1,684/km². It has among the nation's highest population densities and is one of the country's most urbanised states. Seberang Perai is Malaysia's second largest city by population. Its heterogeneous population is highly diverse in ethnicity, culture, language and religion. Aside from the three main races, the Malays, Chinese, and Indians, Penang is home to significant Eurasian, Siamese and expatriate communities. George Town is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

title: List of governors of Penang hierarchical section title: List of governors of Penang caption attribution description: English: Penang governor (Abdul Rahman Abbas) attending the wedding of Saiful Nizam and Siti Rohaida at Safira Country Club, Penang content: This is the list of people who have held the highest political office in Penang and its previous entities. Penang is a state in Malaysia.
Until the 18th century, the island of Penang was part of the Sultanate of Kedah. In 1786, the island was ceded by the Sultan of Kedah to the East India Company, Francis Light representing the company. Light renamed the island "Prince of Wales Island." In 1790, after suffering a military defeat at the hands of Light, Sultan Abdullah formally handed over the island to the British. Light was appointed Superintendent of Prince of Wales Island. From 1800 to 1805, the island was led by a Lieutenant Governor.
In 1805, Prince of Wales Island became a Residency, led by a Governor. In 1826, the island, along with Malacca and Singapore, were consolidated into the Straits Settlements. Thereafter, Penang was administered by a British Resident Councillor subordinate to the Governor of the Straits Settlements.
Penang was occupied by the Japanese from 1941 to 1945. After the surrender of the Japanese, the British returned and briefly imposed military rule on Malaya before forming the Malayan Union in 1946.


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title: Mount Hope (Victoria) hierarchical section title: Mount Hope (Victoria) caption reference description: Rock formations at Mount Hope caption attribution description: English: Rock formations at Mount Hope, Victoria, Australia. content: Mount Hope is a granite outcrop located to the north of Pyramid Hill in northern Victoria, Australia. The outcrop lies within the 126 hectare Mount Hope Nature Conservation Reserve which is managed by Parks Victoria.
The reserve has limited facilities, including picnic tables and an unsealed parking area at the foot of the outcrop which is accessed from the unsealed Old Leitchville Road. Activities include rock climbing and bird observing.
Communications facilities for Ambulance Victoria, Goulburn Murray Water and the Department of Sustainability and Environment are located near the mountain summit.


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title: Non-military armored vehicle section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Non-military armored vehicle / Gallery caption attribution description: Armored car in Manila. content: Non-military armoured vehicles are armored vehicles used outside professional armed forces. While primarily invented and used for defense from an equally well armed organized force, armour technology has found a number of other uses outside of this military context.


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title: Eirjet section title: History hierarchical section title: Eirjet / History caption reference description: An Eirjet Airbus A320 leased from Air Jamaica at Orio al Serio Airport, Italy. (2006) caption attribution description: English: Airbus A320-200 of Eirjet at Bergamo-Orio al Serio airport - Italy Italiano: Compagnia Eirjet all'aeroporto di Bergamo-Orio al Serio content: Eirjet was a charter airline with its head office on the grounds of Shannon International Airport in Shannon, County Clare, Ireland. It operated charter services to sun and ski destinations throughout Europe. Its main base was Shannon Airport.
The airline ceased operations on 17 October 2006 after notifying Irish aviation regulators that it was unable to meet its obligations to its tour operator clients. Efforts to find new financial backing were unsuccessful.


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title: Mackville, Wisconsin hierarchical section title: Mackville, Wisconsin caption reference description: Location of Mackville in Wisconsin caption attribution description: English: Location of Mackville WI caption alt text description: Location of Mackville in Wisconsin content: Mackville is an unincorporated community in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in the town of Center, three miles north of the City of Appleton. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, Wisconsin Combined Statistical Area.
Mackville is the location of the Mackville Nationals Truck and Tractor Pull.


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title: Golden Chersonese hierarchical section title: Golden Chersonese caption reference description: Details from Nicolaus Germanus's 1467 copy of a map from Ptolemy's Geography, showing the Golden  Chersonese, i.e. the Malay Peninsula, or known as Malaysia in the modern world.  The horizontal line represents the Equator, which is misplaced too far north due to its being calculated from the Tropic of Cancer using the Ptolemaic degree, which is only five-sixths of a true degree. content: The Golden Chersonese or Golden Khersonese, meaning the Golden Peninsula, was the name used for the Malay Peninsula by Greek and Roman geographers in classical antiquity, most famously in Claudius Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography.

title: History of Malaysia section title: Prehistory hierarchical section title: History of Malaysia / Prehistory caption reference description: The Malay Peninsula, shown in the Ptolemy's map as the Golden Khersonese. content: Malaysia is located on a strategic sea-lane that exposes it to global trade and various cultures. Strictly, the name "Malaysia" is a modern concept, created in the second half of the 20th century. However, contemporary Malaysia regards the entire history of Malaya and Borneo, spanning thousands of years back to Prehistoric times, as its own history, and as such it is treated in this page.
An early western account of the area is seen in Ptolemy's book Geographia, which mentions a "Golden Khersonese," now identified as the Malay Peninsula. Hinduism and Buddhism from India and China dominated early regional history, reaching their peak during the reign of the Sumatra-based Srivijaya civilisation, whose influence extended through Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula and much of Borneo from the 7th to the 13th centuries.
Although Muslims had passed through the Malay Peninsula as early as the 10th century, it was not until the 14th century that Islam first firmly established itself. The adoption of Islam in the 14th century saw the rise of a number of sultanates, the most prominent of which were the Sultanate of Malacca and the Sultanate of Brunei.

title: Suvarnabhumi section title: Insular Southeast Asia theory hierarchical section title: Suvarnabhumi / Location / Insular Southeast Asia theory caption reference description: The Golden Chersonese - details from the eleventh map of Asia (southeast Asia). Details from Nicolaus Germanus's 1467 copy of a map from Ptolemy's Geography, showing the Golden Chersonese, i.e. the Malay Peninsula. The horizontal line represents the Equator, which is misplaced too far north due to its being calculated from the Tropic of Cancer using the Ptolemaic degree, which is only five-sixths of a true degree. content: Suvarṇabhūmi is a toponym, that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist texts such as the Mahavamsa, some stories of the Jataka tales, the Milinda Panha and the Ramayana.
There is a common misunderstanding that the Edicts of Ashoka mention this name. The truth is the edicts relate only the kings' names and never reference Suvarnabhumi in the text. Moreover, all of the kings referenced in the text reigned their cities in the region that located beyond the Sindhu to the west. The misunderstanding might come from a mixing of the story of Ashoka sending his Buddhist missionaries to Suvarnabhumi in "Mahavamsa" and his edicts.
Though its exact location is unknown and remains a matter of debate, Suvarṇabhūmi was an important port along trade routes that run through the Indian Ocean, setting sail from the wealthy ports in Basra, Ubullah and Siraf, through Muscat, Malabar, Ceylon. Nicobars, Kedah and on through the Strait of Malacca to fabled Suvarṇabhūmi.


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title: Zagreb Synagogue section title: 19th and early 20th century hierarchical section title: Zagreb Synagogue / History / 19th and early 20th century caption reference description: Model of the Zagreb Synagogue on display at the Zagreb City Museum. caption attribution description: Hrvatski: Maketa nekadašnje Sinagoge u Praškoj ulici u Zagrebu, Muzej grada Zagreba content: The Zagreb Synagogue was the main place of worship for the Jewish community of Zagreb in modern-day Croatia. It was constructed in 1867 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austrian Empire, and was used until it was demolished by the fascist authorities in 1941 in the Axis-aligned Independent State of Croatia.
The Moorish Revival synagogue, designed after the Leopoldstädter Tempel in Vienna, was located on modern-day Praška Street. It has been the only purpose-built Jewish house of worship in the history of the city. It was one of the city's most prominent public buildings, as well as one of the most esteemed examples of synagogue architecture in the region.
Since the 1980s, plans have been made to rebuild the synagogue in its original location. Due to various political circumstances, very limited progress has been made. Major disagreements exist between the government and Jewish organizations as to how much the latter should be involved in decisions about the reconstruction project, including proposed design and character of the new building.


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title: Ocoyoacac hierarchical section title: Ocoyoacac caption attribution description: English: Ocoyoacac coat Español: Glifo de Ocoyoacac caption alt text description: Official seal of Ocoyoacac content: Ocoyoacac is a town and municipality in the State of Mexico in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 134.71 km². It is one of the 17 municipalities that border Mexico City. It borders the Distrito Federal's western borough of Cuajimalpa.
As of the 2010 census, the municipality had a total population of 61,805 inhabitants.


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title: Michael V Kalaphates hierarchical section title: Michael V Kalaphates caption reference description: Histamenon that may have been issued during the reign of Michael V: obverse (left) Christ Pantokrator; reverse (right) the Emperor (crowned by the hand of God) and the Archangel Michael holding a labarum. caption alt text description: See caption content: Michael V Kalaphates was Byzantine emperor for four months in 1041–1042. He was the nephew and successor of Michael IV and the adoptive son of his wife Empress Zoe. He was popularly called "the Caulker" in accordance with his father's original occupation.

title: 1041 hierarchical section title: 1041 caption reference description: Michael V Kalaphates (c. 1015–1042) content: Year 1041 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.


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title: Westlake, Los Angeles section title: Engine company hierarchical section title: Westlake, Los Angeles / Emergency services / Fire service / Engine company caption reference description: LAFD Engine 11, with the Westlake Theatre in the background, 2015 caption attribution description: English: LAFD engine 11 at MacArthur Park on Alvarado Street. content: Westlake is a residential and commercial neighborhood in Central Los Angeles, California. It was developed in the 1920s, but many of its elegant mansions have been turned into apartments, and many new multiple-occupancy buildings have been constructed.
Westlake is a high-density area, with a young and heavily Latino population. It contains many primary and secondary schools.

title: Los Angeles Fire Department section title: Triple Combination Engines hierarchical section title: Los Angeles Fire Department / Types of apparatus / Triple Combination Engines caption reference description: LAFD Engine Co. 11 responding to an emergency call. caption attribution description: English: LAFD engine 11 at MacArthur Park on Alvarado Street. content: The Los Angeles Fire Department provides emergency medical services, fire cause determination, fire prevention, fire suppression, hazardous materials mitigation, and rescue services to the city of Los Angeles, California, United States. The LAFD is responsible for approximately 4 million people who live in the agency's 471 square miles jurisdiction.
The Los Angeles Fire Department was founded in 1886 and is one of the largest municipal fire departments in the United States, after the New York City Fire Department and the Chicago Fire Department. The department may be unofficially referred to as the Los Angeles City Fire Department or "LA City Fire" to distinguish it from the Los Angeles County Fire Department which serves the county and whose name may directly confuse people, as the county seat is the city. Another possible reason is that the city and the unincorporated County are often bordering each other and thus the two appear to be serving the same area. The department is currently under the command of chief Ralph Terrazas.


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title: Varaha section title: In avatar listings hierarchical section title: Varaha / Legends and scriptural references / In avatar listings caption reference description: Varaha depicted as a Dashavatar in a modern temple in Srikakulam. Varaha holds the earth as a globe. caption attribution description: English: Varahavatara of Lord Vishnu at Narayana Tirumala. content: Varaha is the avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu, in the form of a boar. Varaha is generally listed as third in the Dashavatara, the ten principal avatars of Vishnu.
Varaha is most commonly associated with the legend of lifting the Earth out of the cosmic ocean. When the demon Hiranyaksha stole the earth and hid her in the primordial waters, Vishnu appeared as Varaha to rescue her. Varaha slew the demon and retrieved the Earth from the ocean, lifting it on his tusks, and restored Bhudevi to her place in the universe.
Varaha may be depicted as completely a boar or in an anthropomorphic form, with a boar's head and the human body. His consort, Bhudevi, the earth, is often depicted as a young woman, lifted by Varaha.


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title: Bangil section title: History hierarchical section title: Bangil / History caption reference description: A portrait of a Kapitan Cina in Bangil caption attribution description: Nederlands: Negatief. Portret van een Chinese luitenant te Bangil, Java content: Bangil is the name of a district and of a town in the Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The district is divided into fifteen villages. Currently it is known as Bangkodir or Bangil, the embroidery city; which was declared on September 11, 2005 by the Regency of Pasuruan when the district won the MURI record for the longest embroidered fabric. The embroidered fabric was displayed during the Fashion Show with its length as long as 1 km.
The Town of Bangil, which is also known as the City of Santri, lies between the access road from Surabaya to Banyuwangi and Bali, having alternative short routes connecting it to Pandaan, Sukorejo and Malang. In 2010 the Pasuruan Regency decided to make Town of Bangil into the administrative capital of the Regency.


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title: George Washington University section title: Basketball hierarchical section title: George Washington University / Athletics / Basketball caption reference description: GW Women's Basketball, 1915. content: The George Washington University is a private research university in Washington, D.C. It was chartered in 1821 by an act of the United States Congress.
The university is organized into 14 colleges and schools, including the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the Elliott School of International Affairs, the GW School of Business, the School of Media and Public Affairs, the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the GW Law School and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design. George Washington's main Foggy Bottom Campus is located in the heart of Washington, D.C., with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank located on campus and the White House and the U.S. Department of State within blocks of campus. GWU hosts numerous research centers and institutes, including the National Security Archive and the Institute for International Economic Policy. GWU has two satellite campuses: the Mount Vernon Campus, located in D.C.'s Foxhall neighborhood and the Virginia Science and Technology Campus. It is the largest institution of higher education in the District of Columbia.


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title: Club Atlético Tigre hierarchical section title: Club Atlético Tigre caption attribution description: English: Logo of C.A. Tigre content: The Club Atlético Tigre, popularly known as The Killer or simply Tigre, is a sports entity located in Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its name comes from Tigre, the city in which it was founded by José Dellagiovanna on August 3, 1902. Its colors are France blue and vermilion red. The soccer team is its main activity. It plays his home games at the Jose Dellagiovanna Stadium, located in Victoria, Buenos Aires, which has a capacity of 26,282 spectators. It currently plays in the Second Division of Argentine soccer. In a historical event in Argentina's soccer, it will simultaneously play the 2020 Copa Libertadores, a contest to which he agreed to be champion of the 2019 Copa de la Superliga.


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title: Agnes Weinrich section title: Early years hierarchical section title: Agnes Weinrich / Life and work / Early years caption reference description: Drawing of an old woman by Agnes Weinrich, graphite on paper, 11.5 x 7.5 inches. caption attribution description: English: Drawing of an old woman, by Agnes Weinrich, graphite on paper. content: Agnes Weinrich was one of the first American artists to make works of art that were modernist, abstract, and influenced by the Cubist style. She was also an energetic and effective proponent of modernist art in America, joining with like-minded others to promote experimentation as an alternative to the generally conservative art of their time.


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title: Holkham Hall section title: Grounds hierarchical section title: Holkham Hall / Grounds caption reference description: Map of the estate from 1946 caption attribution description: Map of Holkham Hall estate from 1946. Scale 1 inch to the mile 600DPI Sheet 125 content: Holkham Hall is an 18th-century country house located adjacent to the village of Holkham, Norfolk, England. The house was constructed in the Palladian style for the 1st Earl of Leicester by the architect William Kent, aided by the architect and aristocrat Lord Burlington.
Holkham Hall is one of England's finest examples of the Palladian revival style of architecture, and the severity of its design is closer to Palladio's ideals than many of the other numerous Palladian style houses of the period. The Holkham Estate was built up by Sir Edward Coke, the founder of his family's fortune. He bought Neales manor in 1609, though never lived there, and made many other purchases of land in Norfolk to endow to his six sons. His fourth son, John, inherited the land and married heiress Meriel Wheatley in 1612. They made Hill Hall their home, and by 1659, John had complete ownership of all three Holkham manors. It is the ancestral home of the Coke family, who became Earls of Leicester.
The interior of the hall is opulent, but by the standards of the day, simply decorated and furnished.


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title: Matunga section title: History hierarchical section title: Matunga / History caption reference description: Marubai Temple, Matunga caption attribution description: English: This is the picture of the Mother Goddess from the Marubai Gaondevi Temple at Matunga, Mumbai content: Matunga is a locality in the heart of Mumbai City towards downtown Mumbai. It is serviced by the Matunga Road station on the Western line, Matunga station on the Central Line and King's Circle station on the Harbour Line.
Geographically, Matunga is surrounded by the Sion-Dharavi belt to the North, Mahim to the North-West, GTB Nagar to the North-East, Wadala to the East and Dadar to the South.

title: Marubai temple matunga hierarchical section title: Marubai temple matunga caption reference description: The Divine Mother, Marubai, Matunga caption attribution description: English: This is the picture of the Mother Goddess from the Marubai Gaondevi Temple at Matunga, Mumbai content: Known since 1700 AD, Matunga was a cluster of villages, which later on were brought under a single governing umbrella by the ruling British. The area was called Marubai Tekdi Gaon, which is said was shortened to MaTunGa. Marubai is the traditional Gaondevi of Matunga whose small temple existed under a peepal tree at King's Circle.
The then British Government planned to develop Bombay. Under the provisions of the City of Bombay Improvement Act, 1898, certain lands situated within the Island of Bombay were required for public purpose namely the Matunga Road Scheme, now the road is known as Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Road. So the authorities then decided to shift the Marubai temple from the Kings Circle peepal tree to a different location as it came in the way of the road building plan. However, they had to face tremendous opposition from the residents who feared they would invite the wrath of the Goddess if they shifted Her from Her original location.
The residents of the village then once again managed the new temple. In 1952 the Marubai Trust was formed under the Bombay Public Trust Act with Registration Number as “A2222”.


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title: Josiah Bartlett Jr. section title: Career hierarchical section title: Josiah Bartlett Jr. / Career caption reference description: Home of Josiah Bartlett Jr., at 420 Court St., Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  The house has been restored and is known as the Reuben Shapley (who built it) House.  It is preserved as part of the Strawbery Banke Museum complex. content: Josiah Bartlett Jr. was an American physician and politician from New Hampshire. He served as a United States Representative from New Hampshire and as a member of the New Hampshire Senate during the early 1800s.

title: Shapley Town House section title: Description and history hierarchical section title: Shapley Town House / Description and history caption reference description: This house at 420 Court St., Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is also known as the Reuben Shapley (who built it) House.  It has been restored and is part of the Strawbery Banke Museum complex. content: The Shapley Town House, also known as the Reuben Shapley House, is a historic house at 454-456 Court Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Built about 1815, it is unusual in the city as a particularly well-preserved example of a Federal period double house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is owned by the Strawbery Banke Foundation.


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title: Martha Rocha hierarchical section title: Martha Rocha caption reference description: On stage at Miss Universe 1954 content: Maria Martha Hacker Rocha was a Brazilian model, the first winner of Miss Brasil in 1954, and the runner-up to Miss Universe.

title: Miss Brasil section title: Under Diários Associados hierarchical section title: Miss Brasil / Organization / Under Diários Associados caption reference description: Marta Rocha in Miss Universe 1954. National Archives of Brazil. content: Miss Brasil Pageant is a beauty contest that has been held since 1954 between winners of the pageants in the states of Brazil. The winner of Miss Brazil competes in the Miss Universe. The Miss Brazil, and Brazil itself, are responsible for one of the most successful campaigns in history of Miss Universe, with two winners and several runners-up, finalists and semifinalists. It was considered one of the best organized and most successful beauty pageants during the 1950s and 1960s and is believed that much of the fame of the beauty of Brazilian women comes from this. The current Miss Brazil, is from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Julia Gama.


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title: Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail section title: History hierarchical section title: Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail / History caption reference description: Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail maker at Cowpens National Battlefield, South Carolina caption attribution description: Taken by me in 2015 content: The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail is part of the U.S. National Trails System, and N.C. State Trail System. It recognizes the Revolutionary War Overmountain Men, Patriots from what is now East Tennessee who crossed the Unaka Mountains and then fought in the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.


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title: Gold extraction hierarchical section title: Gold extraction caption reference description: Gold miners excavate an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870. caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: Gold extraction refers to the processes required to extract gold from its ores. This may require a combination of comminution, mineral processing, hydrometallurgical, and pyrometallurgical processes to be performed on the ore.
Gold mining from alluvium ores was once achieved by techniques associated with placer mining such as simple gold panning and sluicing, resulting in direct recovery of small gold nuggets and flakes. Placer mining techniques since the mid to late 20th century have generally only been the practice of artisan miners. Hydraulic mining was used widely in the Californian gold rush, and involved breaking down alluvial deposits with high-pressure jets of water. Hard rock ores have formed the basis of the majority of commercial gold recovery operations since the middle of the 20th century where open pit and or sub-surface mining techniques are used.
Once the ore is mined it can be treated as a whole ore using a dump leaching or heap leaching processes. This is typical of low-grade, oxide deposits. Normally, the ore is crushed and agglomerated prior to heap leaching.

title: Gold mining in the United States section title: California hierarchical section title: Gold mining in the United States / Gold mining by state / California caption reference description: Gold miners excavate a gold-bearing bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870. caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: Gold mining in the United States has taken place continually since the discovery of gold at the Reed farm in North Carolina in 1799. The first documented occurrence of gold was in Virginia in 1782. Some minor gold production took place in North Carolina as early as 1793, but created no excitement. The discovery on the Reed farm in 1799 which was identified as gold in 1802 and subsequently mined marked the first commercial production.
The large scale production of gold started with the California Gold Rush in 1848.
The closure of gold mines during World War II by the War Production Board Limitation Order No. 208 in autumn 1942 was a major impact on the production until the end of the war.
US gold production greatly increased during the 1980s, due to high gold prices and the use of heap leaching to recover gold from disseminated low-grade deposits in Nevada and other states.
In 2019 the United States produced 200 tonnes of gold from 12 states, worth about US$8.9 billion, and 6.1% of world production, making it the fourth-largest gold-producing nation, behind China, Australia and Russia.

title: Bear River (Feather River tributary) section title: History hierarchical section title: Bear River (Feather River tributary) / History caption reference description: Gold miners using hydraulic mining to excavate an eroded bluff with jets of water at Dutch Flat, California, sometime between 1857 and 1870. caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: The Bear River is a tributary of the Feather River in the Sierra Nevada, winding through four California counties: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, and Nevada. About 73 miles long, the river flows generally southwest through the Sierra then west through the Central Valley, draining a narrow, rugged watershed of 295 square miles.
The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe advisory for any fish caught in Bear River due to elevated levels of mercury.

title: Hydraulic mining section title: California Gold Rush hierarchical section title: Hydraulic mining / History / California Gold Rush caption reference description: Gold miners excavate an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870. caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: Hydraulic mining is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. In the placer mining of gold or tin, the resulting water-sediment slurry is directed through sluice boxes to remove the gold. It is also used in mining kaolin and coal.
Hydraulic mining developed from ancient Roman techniques that used water to excavate soft underground deposits. Its modern form, using pressurized water jets produced by a nozzle called a "monitor", came about in the 1850s during the California Gold Rush in the United States. Though successful in extracting gold-rich minerals, the widespread use of the process resulted in extensive environmental damage, such as increased flooding and erosion, and sediment blocking waterways and covering farm fields. These problems led to its legal regulation. Hydraulic mining has been used in various forms around the world.

title: Gold rush section title: Life cycle of a gold rush hierarchical section title: Gold rush / Life cycle of a gold rush caption reference description: Jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870 caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: A gold rush or gold fever is a new discovery of gold—sometimes accompanied by other precious metals and rare-earth minerals—that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune. Major gold rushes took place in the 19th century in Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, South Africa and the United States, while smaller gold rushes took place elsewhere.
In the 19th century the wealth that resulted was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself proved unprofitable for most diggers and mine-owners, some people made large fortunes, and merchants and transportation facilities made large profits. The resulting increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. Historians have written extensively about the mass migration, trade, colonization and environmental history associated with gold rushes.
Gold rushes were typically marked by a general buoyant feeling of a "free-for-all" in income mobility, in which any single individual might become abundantly wealthy almost instantly, as expressed in the California Dream.

title: Dutch Flat, California section title: Mining hierarchical section title: Dutch Flat, California / History / Mining caption reference description: Gold miners excavate an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California sometime between 1857 and 1870. caption attribution description: View of gold miners excavating an eroded bluff with jets of water at a placer mine in Dutch Flat, California, between 1857 and 1870. content: Dutch Flat is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place in Placer County, California, United States, about 30 miles northeast of Auburn along Interstate 80. It was founded by German immigrants in 1851 and was once one of the richest gold mining locations in California. Dutch Flat is now registered as a California Historical Landmark.
The community's ZIP code is 95714 and its area code 530.


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title: Colonial Williamsburg hierarchical section title: Colonial Williamsburg caption reference description: View of the reconstructed Raleigh Tavern
on Duke of Gloucester Street caption attribution description: Colonial Williamsburg content: Colonial Williamsburg is a living-history museum and private foundation presenting a part of the historic district in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia, United States.
Its 301-acre historic area includes several hundred restored or re-created buildings from the 18th century, when the city was the capital of Colonial Virginia; 17th-century, 19th-century, and Colonial Revival structures; and more recent reconstructions. An interpretation of a colonial American city, the historic area includes three main thoroughfares and their connecting side streets that attempt to suggest the atmosphere and the circumstances of 18th-century Americans. Costumed employees work and dress as people did in the era, sometimes using colonial grammar and diction.
In the late 1920s, the restoration and re-creation of colonial Williamsburg was championed as a way to celebrate rebel patriots and the early history of the United States. Proponents included the Reverend Dr. W. A. R.


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title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Texas hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Texas caption reference description: Location of Jasper County in Texas content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Jasper County, Texas. There are seven properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two properties are State Antiquities Landmarks one of which along with three others are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted November 22, 2019.

title: Jasper County, Texas hierarchical section title: Jasper County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Jasper County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 35,710. Its county seat is Jasper. The county was created as a municipality in Mexico in 1834, and in 1837 was organized as a county in the Republic of Texas. It is named for William Jasper, an American Revolutionary War hero.


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title: Capital punishment in the United States section title: The Thirteen Colonies hierarchical section title: Capital punishment in the United States / History / Colonial America / The Thirteen Colonies caption reference description: Mary Dyer being led to her execution in 1660 for being a Quaker caption attribution description: The Quaker "Mary Dyer led to execution on Boston Common, 1 June 1660" content: Capital punishment has existed in the United States since before the United States was a country. As of 2017, capital punishment is legal in 30 of the 50 states. The federal government also uses capital punishment.
The United States is the only Western country that uses the death penalty.


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title: Alaska Governor's Mansion section title: History hierarchical section title: Alaska Governor's Mansion / History caption reference description: Office and residence of Alaska's governor, 1909 content: The Alaska Governor's Mansion, located at 716 Calhoun Avenue in Juneau, Alaska, is the official residence of the Governor of Alaska, the First Lady or Gentleman of Alaska, and their families. It was designed by James Knox Taylor. The Governor's Mansion was first occupied in 1912 by Territorial Governor Walter Eli Clark.