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title: Springfield, Massachusetts section title: Transportation hierarchical section title: Springfield, Massachusetts / Transportation caption reference description: Springfield's recently renovated historic Union Station reopened for bus, Amtrak, and commuter rail service in 2017. caption attribution description: English: Springfield Union Station in July 2016 content: Springfield is a city in the state of Massachusetts, United States, and the seat of Hampden County. Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers: the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern Mill River. As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 153,060. As of 2019, the estimated population was 153,606, making it the third-largest city in Massachusetts, the fourth-most populous city in New England after Boston, Worcester, and Providence, and the 12th-most populous in the Northeastern United States. Metropolitan Springfield, as one of two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts, had a population of 692,942 as of 2010.
Founded in 1636 as the first Springfield in the New World, during the American Revolution, George Washington designated it as the site of the Springfield Armory for its central location, subsequently the site of Shays' Rebellion.

title: Downtown Springfield Railroad District hierarchical section title: Downtown Springfield Railroad District caption reference description: Union Station caption attribution description: English: Springfield Union Station in July 2016 content: The Downtown Springfield Railroad District is a historic district encompassing a group of early 20th century railroad-related buildings in Springfield, Massachusetts. They are in an area roughly bounded by Lyman, Main, Dwight, and Frank B. Murray Streets. The district includes Springfield's Union Station, the old freight house, commercial warehouses, and a retaining wall and bridge designed in part by H. H. Richardson. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.


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title: List of Fargo episodes hierarchical section title: List of Fargo episodes caption attribution description: English: Official logo of the television series Fargo. caption alt text description: Fargo logo content: Fargo is an American dark comedy–crime drama television series created and primarily written by Noah Hawley. The show is inspired by the 1996 film of the same name written and directed by the Coen brothers, who serve as executive producers on the series. It premiered on April 15, 2014, on FX.
As of June 21, 2017, 30 episodes of Fargo have aired, concluding the third season. The fourth season was announced in August 2018, which is set to premiere on September 27, 2020, and consist of 11 episodes.

title: Fargo (TV series) hierarchical section title: Fargo (TV series) caption attribution description: English: Official logo of the television series Fargo. content: Fargo is an American black comedy crime drama anthology television series created and primarily written by Noah Hawley. The show is inspired by the eponymous 1996 film written and directed by the Coen brothers, who are credited as executive producers on the series alongside Hawley. The series premiered on April 15, 2014, on FX, and follows an anthology format, with each season set in a different era, and with a different story and mostly new characters and cast, although there is minor overlap. Each season is heavily influenced by various Coen brothers films, with each containing numerous references to them.
The first season, set in Minnesota and North Dakota in 2006 and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Allison Tolman, Colin Hanks, and Martin Freeman, received wide acclaim from critics. It won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Miniseries, Outstanding Directing, and Outstanding Casting, and received 15 additional nominations including Outstanding Writing, another Outstanding Directing nomination, and acting nominations for all four leads. It also won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Miniseries or Television Film and Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film for Thornton.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Fargo hierarchical section title: List of awards and nominations received by Fargo caption attribution description: English: Official logo of the television series Fargo. content: This is a list of awards and nominations for Fargo, an American black comedy–crime drama anthology television series that debuted on FX on April 15, 2014. Season 1 stars Billy Bob Thornton, Allison Tolman, Colin Hanks and Martin Freeman. Season 2 stars Kirsten Dunst, Patrick Wilson, Jesse Plemons, Jean Smart and Ted Danson. Season 3 stars Ewan McGregor, Carrie Coon, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Goran Bogdan, and David Thewlis.
The series has been nominated for a total of 228 awards, having won fifty-one of those nominations.


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title: Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana hierarchical section title: Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana caption reference description: Jorge Ingles, A portrait of the donor Don Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana from the Altarpiece of Buitrago, ca. 1455 caption attribution description: Español: Retrato del célebre escritor y aristócrata español Íñigo López de Mendoza (1398-1458), que fue marqués de Santillana. Esta obra es una copia del retrato idéntico del marqués ubicado en el Retablo de los Gozos de Santa María o Altar de los Ángeles, que fue realizado por Jorge Inglés en 1455. content: Íñigo López de Mendoza y de la Vega, 1st Marquess of Santillana was a Castilian politician and poet who held an important position in society and literature during the reign of John II of Castile.

title: House of Mendoza section title: Íñigo López de Mendoza hierarchical section title: House of Mendoza / The Mendozas in the 15th century / Íñigo López de Mendoza caption reference description: Íñigo López de Mendoza caption attribution description: Español: Retrato del célebre escritor y aristócrata español Íñigo López de Mendoza (1398-1458), que fue marqués de Santillana. Esta obra es una copia del retrato idéntico del marqués ubicado en el Retablo de los Gozos de Santa María o Altar de los Ángeles, que fue realizado por Jorge Inglés en 1455. content: The Mendoza family was a powerful line of Spanish nobles. Members of the family wielded considerable power, especially from the 14th to the 17th centuries in Castile. The family originated from the village of Mendoza in the province of Álava in the Basque countries, with the seigneury becoming part of the Kingdom of Castile during the reign of Alfonso XI.
The Mendozas participated in Castilian politics afterward, with its scions becoming advisers, administrators, and clerics. Its different branches and name expanded out of its original nucleus in later centuries. The place-name and surname Mendoza stems from two Basque words: "mend"+"oza", meaning 'cold mountain', with a dropped "i" in between.


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title: Bernardo Gandulla hierarchical section title: Bernardo Gandulla caption reference description: Gandulla when playing for Boca Juniors in 1940. caption attribution description: English: Argentine left insider Bernardo Gandulla when playing for Boca Juniors. content: Bernardo José Gandulla, better known as Bernardo Gandulla was an Argentine football forward and head coach. He died in Buenos Aires from respiratory problems.


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title: Witków, Wałbrzych County hierarchical section title: Witków, Wałbrzych County caption reference description: Panorama of Witków caption attribution description: Polski: Panorama Witkowa caption alt text description: Panorama of Witków content: Witków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarny Bór, within Wałbrzych County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. After World War II the region was placed under Polish administration by the Potsdam Agreement under territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union. Most Germans fled or were expelled and replaced with Poles expelled from the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.
The village has an approximate population of 1,000.


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title: Garhwali people section title: Film and television hierarchical section title: Garhwali people / Notable people / Film and television caption attribution description: English: Deepak Dobriyal at the premiere of Ankhon Dekhi content: The Garhwali people are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Garhwal, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, who speak Garhwali, an Indo-Aryan language. The bulk of Garhwal people predominantly live in Garhwal – Anyone lives in Garhwal or is associated with Garhwal's heritage is called a Garhwali. Garwhalis includes all speakers of the Garhwali language or its other dialects who live in the Dehradun, Haridwar, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli and Rudraprayag areas of Uttarakhand, India.
Many Garhwali diaspora residents live in Indian states and territories such as Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. An approximate estimate of 2.5 million Garhwali migrants are living in Delhi and the National Capital Region.

title: Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role hierarchical section title: Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role caption reference description: 2016 Recipient Deepak Dobriyal caption attribution description: English: Deepak Dobriyal at the premiere of Ankhon Dekhi content: The Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role is given by the producers of the film and television guild as part of its annual award ceremony for Hindi films, to recognise an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a comic role. While the official awards ceremony started in 2004, this category was first introduced four years later.

title: Deepak Dobriyal hierarchical section title: Deepak Dobriyal caption reference description: Dobriyal in 2013 caption attribution description: English: Deepak Dobriyal at the premiere of Ankhon Dekhi content: Deepak Dobriyal is an Indian movie and theatre actor. He is recipient of a Filmfare award. He worked in many Bollywood films such as Omkara, Shaurya, Tanu Weds Manu, Dabangg 2, Chor Chor Super Chor" Tanu Weds Manu Returns, Prem Ratan Dhan Payo and Hindi Medium, Angrezi Medium.


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title: Nathan Fletcher section title: Early life and education hierarchical section title: Nathan Fletcher / Early life and education caption reference description: Childhood photo of Fletcher standing with Governor Bill Clinton in Arkansas. caption attribution description: English: Childhood photo of Fletcher standing with Governor Bill Clinton in Arkansas. content: Nathan Gonzalez-Fletcher is an American politician, Marine Corps Combat Veteran, and educator who served two terms in the California State Assembly. He serves as a professor of practice in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He is also Supervisor for the 4th District and the only Democrat on the San Diego County Board of Supervisors.


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title: The Gendarme and the Extra-Terrestrials section title: Plot hierarchical section title: The Gendarme and the Extra-Terrestrials / Plot caption reference description: Louis de Funès during the shooting of Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres caption attribution description: Français : Louis de Funès dans le rôle de Ludovic Cruchot lors du tournage du film Le Gendarme et les Extra-terrestres, près de la gendarmerie de Saint-Tropez, en 1978. On aperçoit à droite Jean Girault, réalisateur du film, de dos, observant son acteur. English: Louis de Funès during the shooting of the french movie The Gendarme and the Creatures from Outer Space. Saint-Tropez, 1978. Deutsch: Louis de Funès bei Dreharbeiten zu Louis’ unheimliche Begegnung mit den Außerirdischen (Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres) Saint-Tropez, 1978. content: The Gendarme and the Extra-Terrestrials is a continuation of the Gendarme series starring Louis de Funès. It is also known as The Gendarme and the Creatures from Outer Space and is followed by Le gendarme et les gendarmettes, the final film in the series.

title: Saint-Tropez section title: Famous persons connected with Saint-Tropez hierarchical section title: Saint-Tropez / Famous persons connected with Saint-Tropez caption attribution description: Français : Louis de Funès dans le rôle de Ludovic Cruchot lors du tournage du film Le Gendarme et les Extra-terrestres, près de la gendarmerie de Saint-Tropez, en 1978. On aperçoit à droite Jean Girault, réalisateur du film, de dos, observant son acteur. English: Louis de Funès during the shooting of the french movie The Gendarme and the Creatures from Outer Space. Saint-Tropez, 1978. Deutsch: Louis de Funès bei Dreharbeiten zu Louis’ unheimliche Begegnung mit den Außerirdischen (Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres) Saint-Tropez, 1978. content: Saint-Tropez is a town on the French Riviera, 68 kilometres west of Nice and 100 kilometres east of Marseille in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Occitania, Southern France.
Saint-Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on its coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé-yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists.

title: Louis de Funès section title: Film career hierarchical section title: Louis de Funès / Film career caption reference description: Louis de Funès during the shooting of Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres caption attribution description: Français : Louis de Funès dans le rôle de Ludovic Cruchot lors du tournage du film Le Gendarme et les Extra-terrestres, près de la gendarmerie de Saint-Tropez, en 1978. On aperçoit à droite Jean Girault, réalisateur du film, de dos, observant son acteur. English: Louis de Funès during the shooting of the french movie The Gendarme and the Creatures from Outer Space. Saint-Tropez, 1978. Deutsch: Louis de Funès bei Dreharbeiten zu Louis’ unheimliche Begegnung mit den Außerirdischen (Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres) Saint-Tropez, 1978. content: Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza was a French actor and comedian. According to several polls conducted since 1968, he is France's favourite actor – having played over 130 roles in film and over 100 on stage. His acting style is remembered for its high-energy performance and his wide range of facial expressions and tics. A considerable part of his best-known acting was directed by Jean Girault.
Louis de Funès is one of the most famous French actors of all time, and even more so when it comes to his international celebrity.
Besides his extreme fame in the French-speaking world he also still is a household name in places like Italy, Germany, Spain, Turkey, Iran, Greece, Israel, Albania, the former Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union as well as other former Warsaw Pact countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.
Despite this he remains almost unknown in the English-speaking world. He was exposed to a wider audience only once in the United States, in 1974, with the release of The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob, which was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.


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title: João Augusto de Araújo Castro hierarchical section title: João Augusto de Araújo Castro caption reference description: José Augusto de Araújo Castro. content: Joao Augusto de Araujo Castro was a Brazilian lawyer and diplomat, serving as Brazilian Ambassador to the US and UN, and Minister of Foreign Affairs during the government of João Goulart.


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title: Diego de Covarubias y Leyva section title: Works hierarchical section title: Diego de Covarubias y Leyva / Works caption reference description: Opera omnia, 1734 (Milano, Fondazione Mansutti). content: Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva or Covarruvias was a Spanish jurist and Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Cuenca, Archbishop of Segovia, Archbishop of Ciudad Rodrigo, and Archbishop of Santo Domingo.


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title: Mont des Alouettes hierarchical section title: Mont des Alouettes caption reference description: Mont des Alouettes caption attribution description: Français : Le Mont des Alouettes au champ de blé content: Mont des Alouettes is a hill near Les Herbiers in Vendée, France. In the 16th century, no less than seven windmills were built on this hill. Today there are three left, one of which is still running. During the war in the Vendée the movement of the opposing troops were measured from the wind mills. Mont des Alouettes is the finish of the first stage of the 2011 Tour de France.


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title: 2001 Harrah's 500 section title: Practice and qualifying hierarchical section title: 2001 Harrah's 500 / Practice and qualifying caption reference description: Roberto Moreno (pictured in 1997) emerged uninjured after a heavy accident in the first practice session. content: The 2001 Harrah's 500 Presented by Toyota was a Championship Auto Racing Teams race held on July 22, 2001, at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan, before a crowd of 40,000 spectators. It was the eleventh round of the 2001 CART season, the 32nd running of the event, and the last time the race was held as part of the CART series as it moved to the Indy Racing League in 2002. Forsythe Racing's Patrick Carpentier won the 250-lap event with a 0.243-second margin of victory over Dario Franchitti of Team Green and Bettenhausen Racing driver Michel Jourdain Jr. was third.
The season points leader going into the race, Kenny Bräck, was awarded the pole position when qualifying was cancelled due to rain. The starting grid was determined by the fastest lap times from the third practice session. He led until his teammate Max Papis overtook him on lap six. Papis and Bräck exchanged the lead for six laps, which ended when Bräck strengthened his hold on the position. The lead changed 60 times among ten different drivers, with Papis leading the most laps. On lap 248, Carpentier moved into the lead, and held it until Franchitti and Jourdain overtook him on the final lap.

title: 2001 Honda Indy 300 section title: Practice and qualifying hierarchical section title: 2001 Honda Indy 300 / Practice and qualifying caption reference description: Roberto Moreno (pictured in 1997) took the second pole position of his career in his 100th start in CART. content: The 2001 Honda Indy 300 was a Championship Auto Racing Teams motor race held on 28 October 2001 at the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit in Surfers Paradise, Queensland, in front of a crowd of 110,187 people. It was the twentieth and penultimate round of the 2001 CART season, the eleventh iteration of the Honda Indy 300 and the last race of 2001 to be held outside the United States. The 65-lap race was won by Cristiano da Matta of the Newman-Haas Racing team who began from third. Michael Andretti finished second for Team Motorola and Forsythe Racing driver Alex Tagliani took third.
Roberto Moreno won the second pole position of his career by recording the fastest lap in qualifying but lost his start-line advantage to de Ferran on the approach to the first corner. De Ferran pulled away from the rest of the field and retained the lead until the first round of pit stops. Moreno retook first by staying on the track for a lap longer than de Ferran. He lost the first position when his car developed a gear selection problem that led to his retirement on the 54th lap.

title: Roberto Moreno hierarchical section title: Roberto Moreno caption reference description: Moreno in 1997 content: Roberto Pupo Moreno, usually known as Roberto Moreno and also as Pupo Moreno, is a Brazilian racing driver. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, achieved 1 podium, and scored a total of 15 championship points. He raced in CART in 1986, and was Formula 3000 champion before joining Formula One full-time in 1989. He returned to CART in 1996 where he enjoyed an Indian summer in 2000 and 2001, and managed to extend his career in the series until 2008. Also raced in endurance events and GT's in Brazil, but now works as a driver coach and consultant, and although this takes up a lot of his time, he is not officially retired yet, as he appears in historic events. Away from the sport, he enjoys building light aeroplanes.
Moreno was known as the "Super Sub" late in his career as he was used to replace injured drivers several times.


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title: Hershey's Chocolate World section title: Current attractions hierarchical section title: Hershey's Chocolate World / Current attractions caption reference description: A memorable sequence from the ride, where cars travel inside a roaster with special effects caption attribution description: English: This is the roaster section of Hershey's Chocolate Tour. content: Hershey’s Chocolate World is the name of eight visitor centers that started in Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States. Open year-round, Hershey's Chocolate World offers marketplace shops and restaurants, specializing in Hershey's chocolate products. Attractions include Hershey's Great Chocolate Factory Mystery in 4D, the Hershey Trolley Works, Create Your Own Candy Bar, Hershey’s Unwrapped, and a free Chocolate Tour ride.
The first Hershey's Chocolate World is located off of Hersheypark Drive, in Hershey, Pennsylvania, and is in an entertainment complex that also includes Hersheypark, Hersheypark Stadium, Hersheypark Arena, Hershey Museum, and Giant Center. The Las Vegas location is where the Broadway Theatre used to be.
Although Hersheypark and Chocolate World are in the same complex, both operate independently of each other. Chocolate World is owned by The Hershey Company, while Hersheypark is owned by Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company. However, the Hershey Company and HE&R are both owned by the Hershey Trust Company.


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title: Nagamachi-Minami Station hierarchical section title: Nagamachi-Minami Station caption reference description: The platforms caption attribution description: English: Nagamachi-Minami Station platforms, Sendai Metro content: Nagamachi-Minami Station is an underground metro station on the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.


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title: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed section title: Responsibilities hierarchical section title: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed / Responsibilities caption reference description: Prinseneiland 83, Amsterdam. Restored former warehouses for the trade with the Baltic  have been converted into apartments. caption attribution description: Nederlands: Prinseneiland 83 This is an image of rijksmonument number 4222 This is an image of rijksmonument number 4223 This is an image of rijksmonument number 4224 content: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed often abbreviated as Cultureel Erfgoed, is a Dutch heritage organisation working for the protection and conservation of National Heritage Sites. It is located in Amersfoort, province of Utrecht.


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title: Tabarestan University section title: Student life hierarchical section title: Tabarestan University / Student life caption reference description: Caspian Sea caption attribution description: فارسی: دریای مازندران English: Mazandaran Sea content: Tabarestan Higher Education Institution is an institution of higher education in Formal sciences, Physical sciences, Social sciences, Behavioral sciences and Engineering in Chaloos, Iran. The institution is located in Chaloos near Caspian Sea and Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests and beside Nowshahr port.
Tabarestan provides both undergraduate and graduate programs in 5 main departments. Undergraduate admission to Tabarestan is limited to students who pass the National University Entrance Exam administered yearly by Ministry of Science.


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title: Deogyang-gu hierarchical section title: Deogyang-gu caption reference description: Map of Gyeonggi highlighting Deogyang-gu. caption alt text description: Map of Gyeonggi highlighting Deogyang-gu. content: Deogyang-gu is a ward in Goyang, South Korea. It is noticeably less affluent than the other two wards in Goyang.


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title: Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance (Serbia) section title: Cultural monuments of Exceptional Importance hierarchical section title: Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance (Serbia) / List of Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance / Cultural monuments of Exceptional Importance caption attribution description: Српски / srpski: црква Успенија Пресвете Богородице, зимиEnglish: Church of the Holy Virgin, Sredska, Prizrin, Kosovo content: Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance are those objects of Immovable cultural heritage that enjoy the highest level of state protection in the Republic of Serbia. Immovable Cultural Heritage is classified as being of Exceptional Importance upon decision by the National Assembly of Serbia. They are inscribed in the Central Register of Immovable cultural property maintained by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia. Objects of Immovable cultural heritage have to fulfill one or more of those criteria defined in the Law on Cultural Heritage of 1994 in order to be categorized as being "of exceptional importance":
exceptional importance for social, historical or cultural development of the people, or for the development of its natural environment;
evidence of important historic events or persons and their work;
unique example of human creativity of the time or a unique example from the natural history;
great influence on the development of society, culture, technology, or science;
exceptional artistic or aesthetic value.

title: Sredska, Kosovo hierarchical section title: Sredska, Kosovo caption reference description: Church of the Holy Virgin caption attribution description: Српски / srpski: црква Успенија Пресвете Богородице, зимиEnglish: Church of the Holy Virgin, Sredska, Prizrin, Kosovo caption alt text description: Church of the Holy Virgin content: Sredska is a village in the municipality of Prizren, Kosovo. It was the seat of medieval Sredačka Župa.

title: Sredačka župa section title: Culture hierarchical section title: Sredačka župa / Culture caption reference description: Church of the Holy Virgin, Sredska caption attribution description: Српски / srpski: црква Успенија Пресвете Богородице, зимиEnglish: Church of the Holy Virgin, Sredska, Prizrin, Kosovo content: Srecka or Sredačka Župa is a remote geographical region, a valley, in southeastern Kosovo, below the Šar Mountains at the source of the Prizren Bistrica.


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title: 2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka section title: Reaction hierarchical section title: 2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka / Reaction caption reference description: Protesters hold placards as they demonstrate against the anti-Muslim violence, 17 June 2014 caption attribution description: SONY DSC Snapshots from Beruwela and Aluthgama, Sri Lanka on 19 June 2014. content: The 2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka were religious and ethnic riots in June 2014 in south-western Sri Lanka. Muslims and their property were attacked by Sinhalese Buddhists in the towns of Aluthgama, Beruwala and Dharga Town in Kalutara District. At least four people were killed and 80 injured. Hundreds were made homeless following attacks on homes, shops, factories, mosques and a nursery. 10,000 people were displaced by the riots. The riots followed rallies by Bodu Bala Sena, a hard line Buddhist group. The BBS was widely blamed for inciting the riots but it has denied responsibility. The mainstream media in Sri Lanka censored news about the riots following orders from the Sri Lankan government.


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title: Birr, County Offaly section title: Local government hierarchical section title: Birr, County Offaly / Local government caption reference description: Birr Court House caption attribution description: English: The Bridewell, Birr. The County Gaol was at Tullamore, 18 miles away. This building dates from the early years of the nineteenth century. content: Birr is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899 it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town lies within a parish of the same name in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.
Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.
The town is known for Birr Castle and its gardens, home of the Parsons family and also the Leviathan of Parsonstown which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.


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title: List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown section title: Titles associated with the Spanish crown hierarchical section title: List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown / Titles associated with the Spanish crown caption reference description: Greater royal arms of Spain from Charles III(1761-1868) to Alfonso XIII (1875-1931) content: The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply rey/reina de España: that is, "king/queen of Spain". However, the constitution allows for the use of other historic titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, without specifying them. A decree promulgated 6 November 1987 at the Council of Ministers regulates the titles further, and on that basis the monarch of Spain has a right to use those other titles appertaining to the Crown. Contrary to some belief, the long titulary that contains the list of over 20 kingdoms is not in state use, nor is it used in Spanish diplomacy. In fact, it has never been in use in that form, as "Spain" was never a part of the list in pre-1837 era when the long list was officially used.
Spain, mentioned differently in the titulary depending on which monarch was reigning, was for more than three centuries also symbolized by the long list that started "... of Castile, León, Aragón, ..." The following long titulary in the feudal style was the last used officially in 1836 by Isabella II of Spain before she became constitutional queen.

title: A solis ortu usque ad occasum hierarchical section title: A solis ortu usque ad occasum caption reference description: Ornamented version of the royal coat of arms of the Kings of Spain from Carlos III to Alfonso XIII, where the motto can be seen. content: A solis ortu usque ad occasum is a heraldic motto roughly meaning "From sunrise to sunset" in Latin. Inspired by the Biblical passage of Psalm 113:3, it can be interpreted as the sentiment of the monarch's dominion over lands across the world, similar to how the Spanish Empire and later the British Empire were called the "empire[s] on which the sun never sets", the latter still being technically accurate as of 2019.
Most often cited in the coat of arms of many former Kings of Spain above the crest, it is distinctive in its placement above the crest similar to the Scottish style in slogans versus placement below the escutcheon or order if present. With this element it was wanted to manifest that the sun was not put in the dominions of the Spanish Empire, since these were located in both hemispheres. This motto echoed a famous phrase, "en mis dominios no se pone el sol", attributed to King Philip II.
The ornamented version of the royal arms with the Castilian Royal Crest fell into disuse in the 19th century.


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title: Robert Huff section title: Chevrolet (2005–2012) hierarchical section title: Robert Huff / Racing career / World Touring Car Championship / Chevrolet (2005–2012) caption reference description: Huff driving the Chevrolet Cruze WTCC car at Pau in 2009. caption attribution description: English: Robert Huff driving Chevrolet Cruze at Pau (2009 WTCC season). content: Robert "Rob" Peter Huff is a British professional racing driver. He currently competes in the World Touring Car Cup driving for Sébastien Loeb Racing. He was the 2012 World Touring Car Championship champion.

title: Touring car racing section title: Characteristics of a touring car hierarchical section title: Touring car racing / Characteristics of a touring car caption reference description: A Chevrolet Cruze touring car. caption attribution description: English: Robert Huff driving Chevrolet Cruze at Pau (2009 WTCC season). content: Touring car racing is a motorsport road racing competition with heavily modified road-going cars. It is popular in Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Britain, Germany, Sweden and Norway. It has both similarities to and significant differences from stock car racing which is popular in the United States.
While not as fast as Formula One, the similarity of the cars both to each other and to fans' own vehicles makes for entertaining, well-supported racing. The lesser use of aerodynamics means following cars have a much easier time passing than in F1, and the more substantial bodies of the cars makes the subtle bumping and nudging for overtaking much more acceptable as part of racing.
As well as short "sprint" races, many touring car series include one or more endurance races, which last anything from 3 to 24 hours and are a test of reliability and pit crews as much as car, driver speed, and consistency.

title: 2009 World Touring Car Championship section title: Teams and drivers hierarchical section title: 2009 World Touring Car Championship / Teams and drivers caption reference description: Chevrolet introduced their new Cruze model for the 2009 season. caption attribution description: English: Robert Huff driving Chevrolet Cruze at Pau (2009 WTCC season). content: The 2009 World Touring Car Championship season was the sixth FIA World Touring Car Championship season, the fifth since its 2005 return. It began on 8 March, and ended on 22 November, after twenty-four races. The championship, which was reserved for Super 2000 Cars and Diesel 2000 Cars, comprised two titles, the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Drivers and the FIA World Touring Car Champion for Manufacturers.
Italian Gabriele Tarquini won the Drivers' Championship by four points from SEAT Sport team-mate Yvan Muller, with BMW Team Germany's Augusto Farfus finishing third ten points behind Muller. The Manufacturers Championship was retained by SEAT beating BMW by just three points. Tom Coronel took the Independents' Trophy for SUNRED Engineering, which won the Teams' Trophy.


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title: Yuan Gong section title: Exhibitions hierarchical section title: Yuan Gong / Exhibitions caption reference description: Auspicious Clouds, 2013. Installation. Mechanism exhibition, Guangdong Museum of Art. caption attribution description: English: Auspicious Clouds, Mechanism exhibition, 2013. Guangdong Museum of Art. content: Yuan Gong, is a Chinese contemporary artist. He has obtained a PhD degree in theory of art at the Chinese National Academy of Arts in 2012, but has immersed himself in different aspects of Chinese contemporary art since the 1990s. Being both creator and researcher, designer and planner, Yuan is a multiple facets artist playing at the interface of conceptual art, performance and fine arts. Using a large variety of media, his artworks address many philosophical questions, reflecting his concerns about the Chinese society and impugning the art system, the exhibition format and the status of the artwork.


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title: Santa Fe, Bogotá section title: History hierarchical section title: Santa Fe, Bogotá / History caption reference description: The Faenza Theater, the oldest in Bogotá caption attribution description: Español: Teatro Faenza, barrio Las Nieves, Bogotá. content: Santa Fe is the third locality of Bogotá, Capital District of Colombia. Santa Fe is part of the traditional downtown of the city of Bogotá, the area where the city was founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada on August 6, 1538. This area once comprised Bogotá's total main urban area and was known as "Santa Fe de Bogotá" with its traditional neighbourhoods.
Santa Fe hosts some of the main business areas in Bogotá, and is served by the Carrera Séptima, one of the main arteries of the city. The locality hosts most of Bogotá's skyscrapers. The International Center and the financial district along the Avenida Jiménez are also located within Santa Fe.
The main streets of central Bogotá intersect in Santa Fe: Carrera Séptima, formerly known as Calle Real, Carrera Décima, Calle 26, Avenida Circunvalar, Avenida Caracas, Avenida Ciudad de Lima and Avenida Jiménez.
Santa Fe also has a rural area located in the Eastern Hills of which Monserrate and Guadalupe are the main landmarks. The locality of La Candelaria was the location where Santa Fe de Bogotá was founded and is an enclave in the middle of the locality Santa Fe.

title: Faenza Theatre hierarchical section title: Faenza Theatre caption reference description: The entrance to the theatre caption attribution description: Español: Teatro Faenza, barrio Las Nieves, Bogotá. caption alt text description: Entrance to the theatre content: The Faenza theatre is the oldest movie theatre in Bogotá, Colombia. It was opened on the site of a former ceramic factory on 3 April 1924 with the screening of a French film. The theatre was listed as a National Monument of Colombia on 11 August 1975 under decree 1584.
The building is an example of Art Nouveau architecture. After falling into disrepair, the theatre was restored from 2004 to 2007.


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title: Marbleton, Wyoming hierarchical section title: Marbleton, Wyoming caption reference description: City hall caption attribution description: City Hall, Marbledale, Wyoming. caption alt text description: City hall content: Marbleton is a town in Sublette County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 1,094 at the 2010 census.


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title: Essen section title: Media in Essen hierarchical section title: Essen / Media in Essen caption reference description: WDR-studio in Essen caption attribution description: English: WDR-Studio in Essen. content: Essen is a German city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Ruhr River and it is near Cologne, Duisburg and Bochum. 585,000 people live in Essen. Together with Dortmund, Essen is the biggest city of the Ruhr area with its 5,000,000 inhabitants. Essen is often called the shopping city because there are so many malls and shops in it.


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title: Cenk Uygur section title: Congressional candidacy hierarchical section title: Cenk Uygur / Political work / Congressional candidacy caption reference description: Uygur with Bernie Sanders at a campaign rally in California in 2016 caption attribution description: English: Bernie and Cenk and the San Jose Rally content: Cenk Kadir Uygur is a American liberal political commentator, media host, journalist, and attorney. Uygur is the creator of The Young Turks, an American progressive sociopolitical news and commentary program. Before beginning his career as a political commentator, he worked briefly as an associate attorney in Washington, D.C. and New York City. As a young man, Uygur supported social conservative positions but as his views changed he began to identify as a progressive. He is also the cofounder of Justice Democrats.
In addition to hosting The Young Turks, Uygur appeared on MSNBC as a political commentator. From January to June 2011, he hosted a weeknight commentary show on the network; he was replaced by Al Sharpton. After leaving MSNBC, Uygur secured another weeknight commentary show on Current TV, which aired from December 5, 2011, to August 15, 2013. From 2012 to 2013, he was the chief news officer at Current TV, succeeding Keith Olbermann.
Uygur was a candidate for California's 25th congressional district in the 2020 special election to succeed former Representative Katie Hill, who resigned in 2019, but was defeated in the primary, coming in fourth with 6.6% of the vote.


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title: Lycée Carcado-Saisseval hierarchical section title: Lycée Carcado-Saisseval caption attribution description: Français : Lycée Carcado-Saisseval, 121 boulevard Raspail (Paris, 6e). content: The lycée Carcado-Saisseval is a Catholic private school in Paris
It is located at 121 boulevard Raspail.


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title: 31st Guards Air Assault Brigade hierarchical section title: 31st Guards Air Assault Brigade caption reference description: 31st Guards Air Assault Brigade emblem content: The 31st Separate Guards Order of Kutuzov 2nd class Air Assault Brigade is an airborne infantry brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops, based in Ulyanovsk. The brigade was formed in 1998 from the 104th Guards Airborne Division. The brigade fought in the Second Chechen War and the Russo-Georgian War. During the Crimean crisis 2014 elements of the brigade were located in the Crimean peninsula. In August 2014 brigade's units participated in the War in Donbass.


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title: Virginia State Route 253 section title: Route description hierarchical section title: Virginia State Route 253 / Route description caption reference description: View west from the east end of SR 253 at US 340 near Port Republic caption attribution description: English: View west along Virginia State Route 253 (Port Republic Road) just west of U.S. Route 340 (Southeast Side Highway / Stonewall Jackson Memorial Highway) near Port Republic in Rockingham County, Virginia content: State Route 253 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Port Republic Road, the state highway runs 12.18 miles from U.S. Route 11 in Harrisonburg east to US 340 near Port Republic. SR 253 is a northwest–southeast highway that connects Harrisonburg with Cross Keys and Port Republic in southeastern Rockingham County. The state highway also provides access to portions of James Madison University on either side of Interstate 81. SR 253 is maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation except for the portion in the independent city of Harrisonburg, which is municipally maintained.
A small portion of Port Republic Road through Port Republic was included in the state highway system by the late 1920s as part of the highway between Waynesboro and Elkton. This section was paved in the early 1930s and carried three different route numbers until it was transferred to the secondary system in the early 1940s. Port Republic Road was placed on its modern alignment through Port Republic in the mid-1950s, by which time almost all of the highway was paved.


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title: Falcón section title: Infrastructure hierarchical section title: Falcón / Infrastructure caption reference description: Wind farm in the Paraguaná peninsula, Falcón State caption attribution description: Español: Parque eólico en la península de Paraguaná. Falcón, Venezuela. content: Falcón State is one of the 23 states that constitute Venezuela. The state capital is Coro.


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title: New Industries Building hierarchical section title: New Industries Building caption reference description: The New Industries Building content: The New Industries Building is a building on the western end of Alcatraz Island off the coast of San Francisco, USA. It was constructed in 1939 for $186,000 as part of a $1.1 million modernization scheme which also included the water tower, power house, officers quarters and remodeling of the D-block.
The ground floor of the two-story 306 ft long building contained a clothing factory, dry cleaning plant, furniture plant, brush factory, and an office, where prisoners of the federal penitentiary could work for money. They made items such as gloves, furniture mats, and army uniforms. The laundry room occupied the entire upper floor, the largest in San Francisco at the time. Each window has 9 panes and there are 17 bays on each floor on either side.
In recent years the building has been updated to address the erosion of the concrete and rust had caused, strengthen the walls and floors, repairing the roof and adding weatherproofed windows and door openings. The Guard Tower on the top of the building was also renovated and remounted.


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title: Mantario Trail section title: Hiking the Trail hierarchical section title: Mantario Trail / Hiking the Trail caption reference description: Beaver dam crossing. caption attribution description: English: Beaver dam crossing. content: The Mantario Trail is a multipurpose trail in southeastern Manitoba. It is 63 kilometres long and meanders through rugged Canadian Shield. The trail is predominantly located within Whiteshell Provincial Park, although a very small portion of it enters Crown Land in Ontario. It is named after Mantario Lake, where one of several campsites that are along the trail sits. A large portion of the Mantario Trail is in a Wilderness Zone which is an area protected from motorized access and hunting.


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title: Achenyo Idachaba section title: Life hierarchical section title: Achenyo Idachaba / Life caption reference description: A pond covered with water hyacinth caption attribution description: A pond covered with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). content: Achenyo Idachaba is an American-born entrepreneur working in Nigeria. She won the Cartier Initiative Award for women in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2014. Her TED talk has had over a 1.9 million views in 2020.

title: Harike Wetland section title: Vegetation hierarchical section title: Harike Wetland / Biodiversity / Vegetation caption reference description: Water hyacinth in the wetland caption attribution description: A pond covered with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). content: Harike Wetland also known as "Hari-ke-Pattan", with the Harike Lake in the deeper part of it, is the largest wetland in northern India in the border of Tarn Taran Sahib district and Ferozepur district of the Punjab state in India.
The wetland and the lake were formed by constructing the headworks across the Sutlej river in 1953. The headworks is located downstream of the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers just south of Harike village. The rich biodiversity of the wetland which plays a vital role in maintaining the precious hydrological balance in the catchment with its vast concentration of migratory fauna of waterfowls including a number of globally threatened species has been responsible for the recognition accorded to this wetland in 1990, by the Ramsar Convention, as one of the Ramasar sites in India, for conservation, development and preservation of the ecosystem.
This man-made, riverine, lacustrine wetland spreads into the three districts of Tarn Taran Sahib, Ferozepur and Kapurthala in Punjab and covers an area of 4100 ha.

title: Eichhornia crassipes section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Eichhornia crassipes / Gallery caption attribution description: A pond covered with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). content: Pontederia crassipes, commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range. It is the sole species of Pontederia' subg. Oshunae.


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title: Abu Bakar of Johor section title: Family hierarchical section title: Abu Bakar of Johor / Family caption reference description: Second (r.) wife of Sultan of Johor: Zubaida (Cecilia Catherina Lange) in the company of an unknown lady, circa 1900. content: Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim GCMG KCSI, also known as Albert Baker, was the Temenggong of Johor. He was the 1st Sultan of Modern Johor, the 21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from Southern China in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines.
Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid traveller, and became the first Malay ruler to travel to Europe during his first visit to England in 1866. In particular, Abu Bakar became a lifetime friend of Queen Victoria in his later years.


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title: Kahn Fotuali'i hierarchical section title: Kahn Fotuali'i caption reference description: Kahn playing for Ospreys in the Heineken Cup caption attribution description: Heineken Cup 2012-2013 — 8 décembre 2012, Stade Ernest Wallon. Match between: Stade toulousain — Ospreys content: Kahn Fotuali'i is a Samoan rugby union player for Montpellier in the Top 14. He plays as a scrum-half.
In 2002 he played with New Haven Rugby in the United States and led the club to a Division II national championship playing primarily at #10. In 2004, he debuted for Nelson Bays, who later merged with Marlborough to form the Tasman Rugby Union. In 2008, he made his Crusaders debut. Fotuali'i had a successful year in 2010 scoring five tries for the Crusaders and starting most games ahead of All Blacks halfback Andy Ellis until he was suspended for breaking Crusaders protocol. However, from his impressive form on the field for the Crusaders many thought Fotuali'i would be very close to All Black selection.
In 2010 Fotuali'i chose to represent Samoa for their 2010 end-of-year tour. He made his debut for them against Japan where he scored Samoa's only try to win the game 13-10 and was man of the match.
He signed a two-year deal with Welsh side Ospreys ahead of the 2011/12 season. He scored his first try for the Ospreys against Glasgow Warriors in a 20-26 defeat.
Early in 2013, he was still with Ospreys, but there was speculation that he might join another club in Europe.


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title: Villa North Historic District hierarchical section title: Villa North Historic District caption reference description: Villa North Historic District, November 2011 caption attribution description: English: Houses at 734 and 742 N. Main Street (State Roads 1/116/124) in Bluffton, Indiana, United States. Built in 1897 and 1898 respectively, they are part of the Villa North Historic District, a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: Villa North Historic District is a national historic district located at Bluffton, Wells County, Indiana. The district encompasses 24 contributing buildings in an exclusively residential section of Bluffton. It developed between about 1891 and 1915 and includes representative examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing houses include the Lent Williamson Residence, Amos King Residence, Peter Beeler Residence, and Wiley Messick Residence.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wells County, Indiana section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wells County, Indiana / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Houses at 734 and 742 N. Main Street (State Roads 1/116/124) in Bluffton, Indiana, United States. Built in 1897 and 1898 respectively, they are part of the Villa North Historic District, a historic district that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. caption alt text description: Villa North Historic District content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wells County, Indiana.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wells County, Indiana, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 4 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another property was once listed but has been removed.
Properties and districts located in incorporated areas display the name of the municipality, while properties and districts in unincorporated areas display the name of their civil township. Properties and districts split between multiple jurisdictions display the names of all jurisdictions.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 15, 2016.


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title: Kwai Shing East Estate (constituency) hierarchical section title: Kwai Shing East Estate (constituency) caption reference description: Boundary of Kwai Shing East Estate in Kwai Tsing District content: Kwai Shing East Estate is one of the 31 constituencies of the Kwai Tsing District Council. The seat elects one member of the council every four years. It was first created in the 1994 elections. Its boundary is loosely based on Kwai Shing East Estate in Kwai Chung.


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title: Kasuga Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF) hierarchical section title: Kasuga Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF) caption reference description: Kasuga Squadron CH-47J caption attribution description: 日本語: 航空自衛隊　CH-47J（LR）輸送ヘリコプター（37-4489号機）　右前面。2017年11月26日　築城基地にて。 content: The Kasuga Helicopter Airlift Squadron also known as the Kasuga Helicopter Transport Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Air Rescue Wing. It is commanded from Kasuga Air Base in Fukuoka Prefecture, but its aircraft are actually based at the nearby Fukuoka Airport. It is equipped with CH-47J aircraft.


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title: Cordalba section title: History hierarchical section title: Cordalba / History caption reference description: Workers gather at the Cordalba camp site near Maryborough during the Sugar Workers strike of 1911. Workers wanted an eight-hour day and higher wages. Tents appear in the background. caption attribution description: English: Workers gather for a meeting at Cordalba, Queensland, 1911 Workers gather at the Cordalba camp site near Maryborough during the sugar workers strike of 1911. Workers wanted an eight hour day and higher wages. Tents appear in the background. content: Cordalba is a rural town and locality in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Cordalba had a population of 445 people.
The town was founded in 1896 and played an important role in the sugar workers strike of 1911.


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title: Casey Neistat section title: 368 hierarchical section title: Casey Neistat / 368 caption reference description: Office for 368 at 370 Broadway (left) and Neistat's former studio at 368 Broadway (right) caption attribution description: English: Office for Casey Neistat's 368 at 370 Broadway (left) and former studio at 368 Broadway (right) content: Casey Owen Neistat is an American YouTube personality, filmmaker, vlogger, actor and co-founder of the multimedia company Beme, which was later acquired by CNN. In 2018, he founded 368, a creative space for creators to collaborate and influence each other.


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title: Orchestrette Classique hierarchical section title: Orchestrette Classique caption reference description: Frédérique Petrides with the Orchestrette Classique. Courtesy of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Music Division, and The University of Arkansas Press content: Orchestrette Classique, later called Orchestrette of New York was an American chamber orchestra in New York made up of women musicians. It was founded in 1932 by conductor Frédérique Petrides, who served as conductor for the group until it ceased operations in 1943. She also founded the West Side Orchestral Concerts.


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title: USS Quentin Walsh hierarchical section title: USS Quentin Walsh caption reference description: Graphical depiction of USS Quentin Walsh (DDG-132) caption attribution description: English: 190606-N-DM308-001 Cherbourg, France(June 6, 2019) A graphic illustration of the future Arleigh-Burke class guided-missile destroyer USS Quentin Walsh (DDG 132). (U.S. Navy photo illustration by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Paul L. Archer/Released) content: USS Quentin Walsh is a planned United States Navy Arleigh Burke-class Flight III guided missile destroyer, the 82nd overall for the class. She will be named for Captain Quentin Walsh, a United States Coast Guard officer who earned the Navy Cross during the World War II.


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title: Canadice Lake section title: Recreation hierarchical section title: Canadice Lake / Recreation caption reference description: Canadice Lake in 1997. caption attribution description: New York's Canadice Lake, photo taken from boat launch, summer 1997. H.G. Judd content: Canadice Lake is the smallest Finger Lake of western New York. The lake is located approximately 30 miles south of Rochester. The name is derived from the Iroquois word ska-ne-a-dice, meaning long lake.


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title: Women at the Hague hierarchical section title: Women at the Hague caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Women at the Hague was an International Congress of Women conference held at The Hague, Netherlands in April 1915. It had over 1,100 delegates and it established an International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace with Jane Addams as president. It led to the creation of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

title: Chrystal Macmillan section title: Peace activism hierarchical section title: Chrystal Macmillan / Peace activism caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Jessie Chrystal Macmillan was a suffragist, peace activist, barrister, feminist and the first female science graduate from the University of Edinburgh as well as that institution's first female honours graduate in mathematics. She was an activist for women's right to vote, and for other women's causes. She was the second woman to plead a case before the House of Lords, and was one of the founders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
In the first year of World War I, Macmillan spoke for the peace-seeking women of the United Kingdom at the International Congress of Women, a women's congress convened at The Hague. The Congress elected five delegates to take their message to political leaders in Europe and USA. She travelled to the neutral states of Northern Europe and Russia before meeting up with other delegates in USA. She met with world leaders such as President Woodrow Wilson, whose countries were still neutral, to present the proposals formulated at The Hague. Wilson subsequently used these proposals as some of his Fourteen Points, his justification for making war to forge a lasting peace.

title: Leopoldine Kulka section title: Life hierarchical section title: Leopoldine Kulka / Life caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Leopoldine Kulka was an Austrian writer and editor. She was the first woman lecturer at the University of Vienna. As editor of Neues Frauenleben she controversially met women from combatant countries at the 1915 Women's conference at the Hague.

title: Lucy Thoumaian section title: Life hierarchical section title: Lucy Thoumaian / Life caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Lucy Thoumaian or Rossier de Visme was an Armenian woman's rights and peace activist. Driven out of Armenia she helped create a school in Chigwell for orphaned Armenians. She published a manifesto for peace before she attended the Women at the Hague conference in 1915. Afterwards, she began working for the League of Nations.

title: Aletta Jacobs section title: Women's suffrage (1903–1919) hierarchical section title: Aletta Jacobs / Women's suffrage (1903–1919) caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian – Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes – Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer – Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg – Germany, 6. Jane Addams – USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs – Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan – UK, 10. Rosa Genoni – Italy, 11. Anna Kleman – Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard – Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau – Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs was a Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist. As the first woman officially to attend a Dutch university, she became one of the first female physicians in the Netherlands. In 1882, she founded the world's first birth control clinic and was a leader in both the Dutch and international women's movements. She led campaigns aimed at deregulating prostitution, improving women's working conditions, promoting peace and calling for women's right to vote.
Born in the mid-nineteenth century, Jacobs yearned to become a doctor like her father. Despite existing barriers, she fought to gain entry to higher education and graduated in 1879 with the first doctorate in medicine earned by a woman in the Netherlands. Providing medical services to women and children, she grew concerned over the health of working women, recognizing that as laws did not provide adequate protection for their health, their economic stability was compromised. She opened a free clinic to educate poor women about hygiene and child care and in 1882 expanded her services to include distribution of contraception information and devices.

title: Anita Augspurg section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Anita Augspurg / Biography caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Anita Augspurg was a German jurist, actress, writer, activist of the radical feminist movement and a pacifist.

title: Anna Kleman section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Anna Kleman / Biography caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Anna Sofia Kleman was a Swedish insurance officer and feminist. She is remembered for her work as a women's rights activist and pacifist, especially in regard to voting rights. She participated in the 1911 Stockholm Women's Suffrage Conference and represented Sweden at the 1915 International Women's Peace Conference in the Hague.
When the charity Save the Children was formed in 1919 she was on the board of the Swedish counterpart Rädda Barnen. Eventually she would become the chair of the board.

title: Rosika Schwimmer section title: Internationalism hierarchical section title: Rosika Schwimmer / Career / Internationalism caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915.
Left to right: 1. Lucy Thoumaian – Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes – Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer – Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg – Germany, 6. Jane Addams – USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs – Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan – UK, 10. Rosa Genoni – Italy, 11. Anna Kleman – Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard – Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau – Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption alt text description: A black and white photograph of thirteen women delegates seated at a head table of a conference content: Rosika Schwimmer was a Hungarian-born pacifist, feminist and female suffragist. Born into a Jewish family in Budapest in 1877, she graduated from public school in 1891. An accomplished linguist, she spoke or read eight languages. In her early career, she had difficulty finding a job that paid a living wage and was sensitized by that experience to women's employment issues. Gathering data to provide statistics on working women, Schwimmer came into contact with members of the international women's suffrage movement and by 1904 became involved in the struggle. She co-founded the first national women's labor umbrella organization in Hungary and the Hungarian Feminist Association. She also assisted in organizing the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, hosted in Budapest in 1913.
The following year, Schwimmer was hired as a press secretary of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in London. When World War I broke out, she was branded an enemy alien and left Europe for the United States, where she spoke on suffrage and pacifism.

title: Laura Hughes section title: World War I hierarchical section title: Laura Hughes / World War I caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Laura Hughes Lunde was a Canadian feminist, socialist and pacifist. She was an outspoken pacifist in Toronto during World War I. Towards the end of the war she married and moved to Chicago, where she was active in numerous civic causes for the rest of her life, notably fighting for women's rights and for improvements to education.

title: Jane Addams section title: Peace movement hierarchical section title: Jane Addams / Politics / Peace movement caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Jane Addams was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and advocated for world peace. She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses. In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school. In 1920, she was a co-founder for the American Civil Liberties Union.
In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States. She was a radical pragmatist and the first woman "public philosopher" in the United States. When Addams died in 1935, she was the best-known female public figure in the United States.
In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers.

title: List of women pacifists and peace activists hierarchical section title: List of women pacifists and peace activists caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: This is a list of women pacifists and peace activists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in promoting pacifism.

title: Thora Daugaard hierarchical section title: Thora Daugaard caption reference description: International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2.  Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anika Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway caption attribution description: English: WILPF/2011/18 left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway content: Theodora Frederikke Marie Daugaard was a Danish women's rights activist, pacifist, editor and translator. In 1915, she attended the International Women's Conference in The Hague, together with Clara Tybjerg. Thereafter she established and later headed the Danske Kvinders Fredskæde or Danish Women's Peace Chain which became the Danish branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She is also remembered for organizing assistance for Jews and their children in Nazi-occupied Denmark during the Second World War.


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title: Mount Meru section title: In Jainism hierarchical section title: Mount Meru / In Jainism caption reference description: Depiction of Mount Meru at Jambudweep, a Jain temple in Uttar Pradesh content: Mount Meru, also recognized as Sumeru, Sineru or Mahāmeru, is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.
Many famous Buddhist and similar Jain as well as Hindu temples have been built as symbolic representations of this mountain. The "Sumeru Throne" 須彌座 xūmízuò style base is a common feature of Chinese pagodas. The highest point on the pyatthat, a Burmese-style multi-tiered roof, represents Mount Meru.

title: Gyanmati section title: Construction activities hierarchical section title: Gyanmati / Construction activities caption reference description: Jambudweep, Hastinapur content: Gyanmati is a Jain Aryika from India. She is known for the construction of several Jain temples including the Jambudweep temple complex at Hastinapur, Uttar Pradesh.

title: Hastinapur section title: Jambudweep Jain Tirth hierarchical section title: Hastinapur / Places of interest / Temples and monuments / Jambudweep Jain Tirth caption reference description: Jambudweep content: Hastinapur is a city in the Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hastinapur, described in Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas as the capital of the Kuru Kingdom, is also mentioned in ancient Jain texts. Hastinapur is located on the right bank of the Ganges river.

title: Tourism in Uttar Pradesh hierarchical section title: Tourism in Uttar Pradesh caption reference description: The famous depiction of Mount Meru at Jambudweep (mythological), in Uttar Pradesh. content: Situated in the northern part of India, bordering with the capital of India New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh is one of the most popular and an established tourist destination for both Indians and non-Indians alike in India. The most populous state of India, Uttar Pradesh contains many historical monuments and places of religious significance. Geographically, Uttar Pradesh is very diverse, with Himalayan foothills in the extreme north and the Gangetic Plain in the centre. It is also home of India's most visited sites, the Taj Mahal, and Hinduism's holiest city, Varanasi. Kumbh city, Allahabad. Kathak, one of the eight forms of Indian classical dances, originated from Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is at the heart of India, hence it is also known as The Heartland of India. Cuisine of Uttar Pradesh like Awadhi cuisine, Mughlai cuisine, Kumauni cuisine are very famous not only in India but also many places abroad.
Uttar Pradesh is known for its rich culture and tradition. It is home to Ayodhya and Mathura birthplace of Lord Rama, Lord Krishna and Bhgwan Parshuram respectively. Uttar Pradesh attracts many national and international tourists.

title: Jain cosmology section title: Madhya Loka, the middle world hierarchical section title: Jain cosmology / Universe and its structure / Madhya Loka, the middle world caption reference description: Depiction of Mount Meru at Jambudweep, Hastinapur content: Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe and its constituents according to Jainism. Jain cosmology considers the universe as an uncreated entity that has existed since infinity with neither beginning nor end. Jain texts describe the shape of the universe as similar to a man standing with legs apart and arm resting on his waist. This Universe, according to Jainism, is broad at the top, narrow at the middle and once again becomes broad at the bottom.

title: Jambudweep hierarchical section title: Jambudweep caption reference description: Depiction of Mount Sumeru at Jambudweep, Hastinapur content: Jambudweep is a Digambara Jain temple in Hastinapur, Uttar Pradesh built under the blessings of Gyanmati Mataji in 1972. Official name of the tirtha is the Digambar Jain Institute of Cosmographic Research and its main attraction is the building constructed as a model of Jambudvipa.


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title: Maryland's 5th congressional district hierarchical section title: Maryland's 5th congressional district caption reference description: Maryland's 5th congressional district - since January 3, 2013. content: Maryland's 5th congressional district comprises all of Charles, St. Mary's, and Calvert counties, as well as portions of Prince George's and Anne Arundel counties. The district is currently represented by Democrat Steny Hoyer, the current House Majority Leader.


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title: Mary Anna Draper hierarchical section title: Mary Anna Draper caption reference description: John White Alexander, Mary Anna Palmer Draper (1839-1914), 1888, New York Public Library content: Mary Anna Draper, also known as Mary Anna Palmer Draper, was an American, known for her work with her husband, Henry Draper, with astronomical photography and research. She helped found the Mount Wilson Observatory and created an award for astronomical research, the Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences.


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title: History of the steel industry (1850–1970) section title: Bethlehem Steel hierarchical section title: History of the steel industry (1850–1970) / United States / Bethlehem Steel caption reference description: Bethlehem steel works in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1881 caption attribution description: Bethlehem Steel works, "Watercolor in sepia brown, white and gray, on buff paper. Signed May '81." content: The history of the modern steel industry began in the late 1850s; steel has become a staple of the world's industrial economy. Previously, steel was very expensive to produce, and only used in small, expensive items, such as knives, swords and armor.

title: Bethlehem Steel section title: Roots: the Bethlehem Iron Company hierarchical section title: Bethlehem Steel / History / Roots: the Bethlehem Iron Company caption reference description: Bethlehem Steel Works, a watercolor by Joseph Pennell, depicting Bethlehem Iron Company in May 1881 caption attribution description: Bethlehem Steel works, "Watercolor in sepia brown, white and gray, on buff paper. Signed May '81." content: The Bethlehem Steel Corporation was an American steel and shipbuilding company that for much of the 20th century was one of the world's largest steel producing and shipbuilding companies. The company's roots trace to 1857 with the establishment of the Bethlehem Iron Company in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Bethlehem Steel was formed in 1904 through the merger of the earlier companies, and existed through the decline of American steel manufacturing during the 1970s until its bankruptcy in 2001 and final dissolution in 2003.
The Bethlehem Steel Company became the primary subsidiary company of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1904. The Bethlehem Steel Company is the first Bethlehem Steel while the Bethlehem Steel Corporation is the second Bethlehem Steel; both companies existed simultaneously after 1904, but the Bethlehem Steel Company was eventually merged into the Bethlehem Steel Corporation in the 1960s. After a decline in the American steel industry and other problems leading to the company's bankruptcy in 2001, the Corporation was dissolved and its remaining assets were sold to International Steel Group in 2003.


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title: Karl Patterson Schmidt section title: Family hierarchical section title: Karl Patterson Schmidt / Family caption reference description: Herpetologist Karl Patterson Schmidt family Christmas, photo circa 1950 content: Karl Patterson Schmidt was an American herpetologist.


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title: Fox News (1919–1930) hierarchical section title: Fox News (1919–1930) caption reference description: Fox News story A7928 – A7932, “National Colored Tournament.” Shot at the Shady Rest country club in Westfield, New Jersey, the frame shows members of the nation’s first African-American golf club posing for Fox News on July 12, 1925. caption attribution description: English: Fox News story A7928 – A7932, “National Colored Tournament.” Shot at the Shady Rest country club in Westfield, New Jersey, the frame shows members of the nation’s first African-American golf club posing for Fox News on July 12, 1925. content: Fox News was the original newsreel established by movie mogul, William Fox. It was eventually replaced by Fox's pioneering sound newsreel, Fox Movietone News, which began regular operations in December 1927.
William Fox had great ambitions for his newsreel from the very beginning; he even managed to secure a letter from President Woodrow Wilson endorsing his newsreel. At its launch in 1919, Fox had already secured a network of cameramen spanning the globe. Although the newsreel began acquiring stories in August 1919, the newsreel did not begin a regular, twice-weekly release until October 1919. From the beginnings of its operations Fox News' main domestic rivals were Hearst News, Pathé News, International News and Kinograms.
When Fox Films ceased production of Fox News, the extensive library of unused and outtake film was folded into the Fox Movietone News library and was used internally as stock footage by Fox Films and 20th Century Fox until the corporation ceased production of Fox Movietone News in 1963.


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title: Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto IV section title: Political response hierarchical section title: Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto IV / Political response caption reference description: A mural in New York City, advertising Grand Theft Auto IV in July 2007. caption attribution description: English: A Grand Theft Auto IV advertisement painted on a wall in the Chinatown District of New York City. content: Grand Theft Auto IV is an open world, action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. Upon its release on 29 April 2008 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, Grand Theft Auto IV generated controversy. The game's depiction of violence received mass commentary from journalists and government officials, occasionally being referred to as a "murder simulator". The ability to drive under the influence of alcohol in the game also received criticism, resulting in a request for the ESRB to change the game's rating. Similarly, some gameplay features were censored for the Australian and New Zealand versions of the game, though these censors were subsequently removed. Several crimes that were committed following the game's release, such as murder and sexual violence, were attributed to the perpetrators' experience with the game, generating further controversy. Former attorney Jack Thompson, known for his campaigns against the series, heavily criticised Grand Theft Auto IV prior to its release, filing lawsuits against parent company Take-Two Interactive, and threatening to ban distribution of the game if some gameplay features were not removed.

title: Grand Theft Auto IV hierarchical section title: Grand Theft Auto IV caption reference description: Grand Theft Auto IV's box art displays several characters, including Niko Bellic, Mikhail Faustin, Little Jacob and Johnny Klebitz. caption attribution description: English: A Grand Theft Auto IV advertisement painted on a wall in the Chinatown District of New York City. content: Grand Theft Auto IV is the 11th Grand Theft Auto game in the series. The game was made by Rockstar North, and was published and released by Rockstar Games for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PC. The Xbox 360 and PS3 versions were released around the world to much hype on April 29th 2008, having received very good reviews from many reviewers.

title: Grand Theft Auto clone section title: Recent history hierarchical section title: Grand Theft Auto clone / History / Recent history caption reference description: A mural ad for Grand Theft Auto IV, which currently holds numerous sales records. caption attribution description: English: A Grand Theft Auto IV advertisement painted on a wall in the Chinatown District of New York City. content: A Grand Theft Auto clone is a subgenre of open world action-adventure video games, characterized by their likeness to the Grand Theft Auto series in either gameplay, or overall design. In these types of open world games, players may find and use a variety of vehicles and weapons while roaming freely in an open world setting. The objective of Grand Theft Auto clones is to complete a sequence of core missions involving driving and shooting, but often side-missions and minigames are added to improve replay value. The storylines of games in this subgenre typically have strong themes of crime, violence and other controversial elements such as drugs and sexually explicit content.
The subgenre has its origins in open world action adventure games popularized in Europe throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The release of Grand Theft Auto marked a major commercial success for open-ended game design in North America, and featured a more marketable crime theme. But it was the popularity of its 3D sequel Grand Theft Auto III in 2001 that led to the widespread propagation of a more specific set of gameplay conventions consistent with a subgenre.

title: Marketing for Grand Theft Auto IV hierarchical section title: Marketing for Grand Theft Auto IV caption reference description: Mural ad for the game on a wall at Canal and Greene street, New York City, July 2007. caption attribution description: English: A Grand Theft Auto IV advertisement painted on a wall in the Chinatown District of New York City. content: Grand Theft Auto IV is the first title in the third generation of the best-selling Grand Theft Auto video game franchise developed by Rockstar North which was released on 29 April 2008. As the release date approached, Rockstar had been marketing the game heavily. Rockstar's marketing has come in many forms, including television ads, internet video, viral marketing, and a redesigned web site. There was even a mural of a prostitute named Lola painted on the side of a building in SoHo, New York.

title: Grand Theft Auto IV section title: Development hierarchical section title: Grand Theft Auto IV / Production / Development caption reference description: Mural ad for the game on a wall in New York City, July 2007. caption attribution description: English: A Grand Theft Auto IV advertisement painted on a wall in the Chinatown District of New York City. content: Grand Theft Auto IV is a 2008 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the eleventh title in the Grand Theft Auto series, and the first main entry since 2004's Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Set within the fictional Liberty City, the single-player story follows a war veteran, Niko Bellic, and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from loan sharks and mob bosses. The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City, consisting of three main islands.
The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on-foot or by vehicle. Throughout the single-player mode, players play as Niko Bellic. An online multiplayer mode is included with the game, allowing up to 32 players to engage in both co-operative and competitive gameplay in a recreation of the single-player setting. Two expansion packs were later released for the game, The Lost and Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony, which both feature new plots that are interconnected with the main Grand Theft Auto IV storyline, and follow new protagonists.


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title: Karlovy Vary section title: People associated with the city hierarchical section title: Karlovy Vary / Notable people / People associated with the city caption reference description: Commemorative plaque for Peter I of Russia in Karlovy Vary content: Karlovy Vary is a spa town situated in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, on the confluence of the rivers Ohře and Teplá, approximately 130 km west of Prague. It is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Bohemia, who founded the town in 1370. It is the site of numerous hot springs, and is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. Until 1945, when the German-speaking inhabitants were expelled, the town was overwhelmingly German speaking. Today, it has approximately 48,500 inhabitants and functions as the capital of Karlovy Vary Region, the westernmost region of Bohemia.


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title: U. S. Jayawickrama hierarchical section title: U. S. Jayawickrama caption reference description: Professor US Jayawickrama and Mrs Preani Jayawickrama caption attribution description: English: Professor US Jayawikrama and Mrs Preani Jayawickrama content: Upendra Srinath Jayawickrama, is a Sri Lankan physician and an artist. He was the founder of the Diabetes Association of Sri Lanka and a professor of pharmacology at the North Colombo Medical College.


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title: Jordan Chipangama hierarchical section title: Jordan Chipangama caption reference description: Chipangama at the 2013 World Championships caption attribution description: 29 (1204) Jordan Chipangama (Zambia) 2:19:47 28 (461) Benjamin Malaty (France) 2:19:21 content: Jordan Chipangama is a Zambian long distance runner who specialises in the marathon. He competed in the men's marathon event at the 2016 Summer Olympics where he finished in 93rd place with a time of 2:24:58. Chipangama attended college in the United States. In college, he competed for Central Arizona College and Northern Arizona University.


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title: Victoria Park, Auckland hierarchical section title: Victoria Park, Auckland caption reference description: Victoria Park, as seen from the northeast. caption attribution description: English: Eastern edge of Victoria Park, outside the central city in Auckland. content: Victoria Park is a park and sports ground in Auckland City, New Zealand. It was opened in 1905 and named after the queen who had died four years earlier. It lies on reclaimed bay land in Freemans Bay, a suburb directly west of the Auckland CBD. However, it does not have direct connection to the foreshore anymore, as the Western Reclamation and the Viaduct Basin quarter lie between it and the Waitematā Harbour. The bay started to be filled in as early as the 1870s although the bulk of the reclamation appears to have happened after 1901. The Park was 'finished' around 1912, the area to the north dates from after that.
The artificial creation of the land is why it is very flat and level - it was intended from the start to be primarily a facility for active events augmenting the other public parks; Western Park 1876 and Albert Park 1884 which were for more genteel passive enjoyment. For this reason the park was not laid out in a picturesque manner, neither has it ever had decorative flower beds.
As a sports facility for the adjacent working class areas and industrial zones it was provided with a sports pavilion and edged with trees to give shade for spectators.