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title: Ulan County hierarchical section title: Ulan County caption reference description: Chaka Salt Lake, Ulan County caption attribution description: English: Chaqia Salt Lake in Qinghai Province, P.R.China. caption alt text description: Chaka Salt Lake, Ulan County content: Ulan or Wulan is a county of Qinghai Province, China. It is under the administration of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. County seat is Xireg.
The name of the county comes from a Mongolian word which means "red".


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title: Bernard Mandeville section title: Fable of the Bees hierarchical section title: Bernard Mandeville / Works / Fable of the Bees caption reference description: Fable of the bees, 1924 content: Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville, was an Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist and satirist. Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, he lived most of his life in England and used English for most of his published works. He became famous for The Fable of the Bees.


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title: List of monuments in Birgu section title: List hierarchical section title: List of monuments in Birgu / List caption attribution description: English: Auberge de France This media is about Maltese cultural property with inventory number 01158. caption alt text description: Auberge de France content: This is a list of monuments in Birgu, Malta, which are listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.

title: Auberge de France, Birgu hierarchical section title: Auberge de France, Birgu caption reference description: Façade of Auberge de France caption attribution description: English: Auberge de France This media is about Maltese cultural property with inventory number 01158. content: Auberge de France is an auberge in Birgu, Malta. It was built in around 1533 to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of France, which induced the entire Kingdom of France except for Auvergne and Provence which were separate langues. The building housed the French langue until a new Auberge de France was opened in Valletta.
The building was subsequently sold, and it remained in private hands in the subsequent centuries, at times being informally known as il-Palazz tal-Miljunarju. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the building was used for a number of purposes, including as a school, a furniture factory and a museum. It is now Birgu's city hall, being the seat of the local council.


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title: Elisha Perkins hierarchical section title: Elisha Perkins caption reference description: Modern facsimiles of Perkins tractors caption attribution description: English: Photo of modern copies of Perkins tractors in the science museum content: Elisha Perkins was a United States physician who created his own fraudulent medical device, the Perkins Patent Tractors. It was later subject of the first placebo research.


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title: Greppen section title: External links hierarchical section title: Greppen / External links caption reference description: Greppen content: Greppen is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
It lies at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.

title: Greppen hierarchical section title: Greppen caption reference description: Greppen content: Greppen is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.
It is at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.


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title: Les Vampires section title: Episode 8 – "The Thunder Master" hierarchical section title: Les Vampires / Plot / Episode 8 – "The Thunder Master" caption reference description: Satanas (Louis Leubas) assembles a bomb in "The Thunder Master". content: Les Vampires is a 1915–16 French silent crime serial film written and directed by Louis Feuillade. Set in Paris, it stars Édouard Mathé, Musidora and Marcel Lévesque. The main characters are a journalist and his friend who become involved in trying to uncover and stop a bizarre underground Apache gang, known as The Vampires. The serial consists of ten episodes, which vary greatly in length. Being roughly 7 hours long, it is considered one of the longest films ever made. It was produced and distributed by Feuillade's company Gaumont. Due to its stylistic similarities with Feuillade's other crime serials Fantômas and Judex, the three are often considered a trilogy.
Fresh from the success of Feuillade's previous serial, Fantômas, and facing competition from rival company Pathé, Feuillade made the film quickly and inexpensively with very little written script. Upon its initial release Les Vampires was given negative reviews by critics for its dubious morality and its lack of cinematic techniques compared to other films. However, it was a massive success with its wartime audience, making Musidora a star of French cinema.


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title: Cassava-based dishes section title: India hierarchical section title: Cassava-based dishes / Regional dishes / Asia / India caption reference description: Boiled cassava with turmeric, and chilly Kerala caption attribution description: English: Kappa Kuzhachathu (Steamed Tapioca] is a popular dish from Kerala. content: A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.
As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked. Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked. Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version. In some parts of the world, cassava leaves are also cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Raw cassava, especially the bitter varieties, contain cyanogenic glycosides and normally need to be prepared with some combination of boiling, fermenting, or sun drying to avoid the possibility of cyanide poisoning.


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title: Djembe section title: Origin hierarchical section title: Djembe / Origin caption reference description: Mali Empire c. 1350 AD caption alt text description: Map of the Mali Empire, circa 1350 AD content: A djembe or jembe is a rope-tuned skin-covered goblet drum played with bare hands, originally from West Africa.
According to the Bambara people in Mali, the name of the djembe comes from the saying "Anke djé, anke bé" which translates to "everyone gather together in peace" and defines the drum's purpose. In the Bambara language, "djé" is the verb for "gather" and "bé" translates as "peace."
The djembe has a body carved of hardwood and a drumhead made of untreated rawhide, most commonly made from goatskin. Excluding rings, djembes have an exterior diameter of 30–38 cm and a height of 58–63 cm. The majority have a diameter in the 13 to 14 inch range. The weight of a djembe ranges from 5 kg to 13 kg and depends on size and shell material. A medium-size djembe carved from one of the traditional woods weighs around 9 kg.
The djembe can produce a wide variety of sounds, making it a most versatile drum. The drum is very loud, allowing it to be heard clearly as a solo instrument over a large percussion ensemble. The Malinké people say that a skilled drummer is one who "can make the djembe talk", meaning that the player can tell an emotional story.

title: History of West Africa section title: Mali hierarchical section title: History of West Africa / Cultural history / Iron Age / Sahelian kingdoms / Mali caption reference description: The Mali Empire at its greatest extent, c. 1350 content: The history of West Africa has been commonly divided into its prehistory, the Iron Age in Africa, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and finally the post-independence era, in which the current nations were formed. West Africa is west of an imagined north-south axis lying close to 10° east longitude, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Sahara Desert.
Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary West African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states. During the Holocene, sedentary farming began to develop in West Africa. The Iron industry, in both smelting and forging for tools and weapons, appeared in Sub-Saharan Africa by 1200 BCE, and by 400 BCE, contact had been made with the Mediterranean civilizations, and a regular trade included exporting gold, cotton, metal, and leather in exchange for copper, horses, salt, textiles, and beads. The Nok culture would develop. and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 AD, thus having lasted approximately 2,000 years. The Serer people would construct the Senegambian stone circles.

title: 14th & 15th century Africa section title: Mansa Musa hierarchical section title: 14th & 15th century Africa / The Mali Empire / 14th Century Mali / Mansa Musa caption reference description: Map of Mali Empire under Mansa Musa content: In the 14th and 15th century the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Benin Kingdom, Hausa City-states, Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate and the Ajuran Sultanate. These kingdoms flourished in the 14th century, especially the Mali Empire, who saw a cultural flowering within their empire centred on the University of Timbuktu.

title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: Mali Empire caption reference description: The Mali Empire at its largest content: The Mali Empire was a West African country from 1235 to 1645. The Mandinka people lived there. It is also called the Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa. Sundiata Keita started the empire and the empire became famous because its rulers were very rich, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many important cultural effects on West Africa, spreading language, laws and customs along the Niger River. This was because of the spread of Islam by verbal wording.
For such a prolific empire, there are few written accounts of its greatness. Most of the written accounts that do exist came from Arab scholars who traveled through the region. In lieu of written accounts, most of the stories from the locals were passed down through oral histories, songs and poems. Until this day, ‘griots’ still tell stories of the ancient history in the area. Architects in the Mali Empire combined styles of the Sahel region and Middle East together, particularly after Emperor Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca. There were several royal palaces built during the time, many of which are still standing. Mud bricks, log beams and plaster helped these palaces to remain standing.

title: List of conflicts in Mauritania section title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: List of conflicts in Mauritania / Medieval Times / Mali Empire caption reference description: Extent of the Mali Empire (c. 1350) content: 647 — 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
739 — 743 Berber Revolt
c. 970 — c. 1240 Decline of the Ghana Empire
c. 1075 Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire

title: Legends of Africa section title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: Legends of Africa / Mali Empire caption reference description: Mali Empire. content: The Legends of Africa reflect a wide-ranging series of kings, queens, chiefs and other leaders from across the African continent including Mali, Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Congo, Ethiopia and Eritrea.

title: Mali section title: History hierarchical section title: Mali / History caption reference description: The extent of the Mali Empire's peak content: Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres. The population of Mali is 19.1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt.
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa.

title: List of conflicts in Senegal section title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: List of conflicts in Senegal / Medieval Times / Mali Empire caption reference description: Extent of the Mali Empire (circa 1,350 C.E.) content: 1,235 C.E. — 1,250 C.E. Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire
1,235 C.E. — 1,255 C.E. Tiramakhan's western campaign
Tiramakhan, also known as Tiramaghan, of the Traore clan, was ordered by Sonjata to bring an army west after the king of Jolof had allowed horses to be stolen from Mandekalu merchants. The king of Jolof also sent a message to the young emperor referring to him as an upstart. By the time Tiramakhan’s forces were done three kings were dead, and the Jolof ruler was reduced to a vassal. The new western portion of the empire settlement would become an outpost that encompassed not only northern Guinea-Bissau but the Gambia and the Casamance region of Senegal.

title: 1340s section title: Africa hierarchical section title: 1340s / Africa caption reference description: The Mali Empire around the end of the decade content: The 1340s were a Julian calendar decade in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in world history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages in the Old World and the pre-Columbian era in the New World.
In Asia, the successors of the old Mongol Empire were in a state of gradual decline. The Ilkhanate had already fragmented into several political territories and factions struggling to place their puppet leaders over the shell of an old state; the Chagatai Khanate was undermined by religious unrest and fell to rebellion. The Black Plague swept through the Kipchak Khanate in 1346, and also affected the Genoese colonies under Mongol siege, thence spreading into Europe. The Yuan dynasty in China was struck by a series of disasters, including frequent flooding, widespread banditry, fires in urban areas, declining grain harvest, increased civil unrest and local rebellion – the seeds of resistance that would lead to its downfall. Southeast Asia remained free from Mongol power, with several small kingdoms struggling for survival.
In Europe, the decade continued the period of gradual economic decline, often mistitled the "depression" of the 1340s.

title: Military history of the Mali Empire section title: Re-conquest and expansion under Mansa Sakura hierarchical section title: Military history of the Mali Empire / Early imperial expansion (1235–1300) / Re-conquest and expansion under Mansa Sakura caption reference description: The Mali Empire at its height under Mansa Musa. content: The military history of the Mali Empire is that of the armed forces of the Mali Empire, which dominated Western Africa from the mid 13th to the late 15th century. The military culture of the empire's driving force, the Mandinka people, influenced many later states in West Africa including break-away powers such as the Songhay and Jolof empires. Institutions from the Mali Empire also survived in the 19th century army of Samory Ture who saw himself as the heir to Old Mali's legacy.

title: Sundiata Keita section title: Imperial Mali hierarchical section title: Sundiata Keita / Imperial Mali caption reference description: By the 14th century, the Mali Empire "extended from the Atlantic Ocean eastward along the Niger River valley to Hausaland (northern Nigeria)..." [42] content: Sundiata Keita was a powerful prince and founder of the Mali Empire. The famous Malian ruler Mansa Musa, who made a pilgrimage to Mecca, was his great-nephew.
Written sources augment the Mande oral histories, with the Moroccan traveller Muhammad ibn Battúta and the Tunisian historian Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Khaldun al-Hadrami both having travelled to Mali in the century after Sundiata's death, and providing independent verification of his existence. The semi-historical but legendary Epic of Sundiata by the Malinké/Maninka people centers on his life. The epic poem is primarily known through oral tradition, transmitted by generations of Maninka griots.

title: Mali Empire hierarchical section title: Mali Empire caption reference description: Extent of the Mali Empire (c. 1350) caption alt text description: Extent of the Mali Empire (c. 1350) content: The Mali Empire was an empire in West Africa from c. 1235 to 1670. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire. The Mali Empire was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. Much of the recorded information about the Mali Empire comes from 14th-century North African Arab historian Ibn Khaldun, 14th-century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta and 16th-century Moroccan traveller Leo Africanus. The other major source of information is Mandinka oral tradition, through storytellers known as griots.
The empire began as a small Mandinka kingdom at the upper reaches of the Niger River, centered around the town of Niani. During the 11th and 12th centuries, it began to develop as an empire following the decline of the Ghana Empire to the north. During this period, trade routes shifted southward to the savanna, stimulating the growth of states such as Bonoman.

title: History of Africa section title: Mali hierarchical section title: History of Africa / Medieval and Early Modern (6th to 18th centuries) / West Africa / Sahelian empires & states / Mali caption reference description: Mali Empire at its greatest extent content: The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and—at least 200,000 years ago—anatomically modern humans, in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states.The earliest known recorded history arose in Ancient Egypt, and later in Nubia, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa.
Following the desertification of the Sahara, North African history became entwined with the Middle East and Southern Europe while the Bantu expansion swept from modern day Cameroon across much of the sub-Saharan continent in waves between around 1000 BC and 1 AD, creating a linguistic commonality across much of the central and Southern continent.
During the Middle Ages, Islam spread west from Arabia to Egypt, crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel.


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title: Holland Tunnel section title: Freeman Plaza hierarchical section title: Holland Tunnel / Description / Freeman Plaza caption reference description: Bust of Clifford Milburn Holland at the tunnel entrance content: The Holland Tunnel is a vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River. It connects Lower Manhattan in New York City to the east with Jersey City in New Jersey to the west. An integral conduit within the New York metropolitan area, the Holland Tunnel is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The tunnel carries Interstate 78; the New Jersey side is also designated the eastern terminus of Route 139. The Holland Tunnel is one of three vehicular crossings between Manhattan and New Jersey, the others being the Lincoln Tunnel and the George Washington Bridge.
Plans for a fixed vehicular crossing over the Hudson River were first devised in 1906. However, disagreements prolonged the planning process until 1919, when it was decided to build a tunnel under the river. Construction of the Holland Tunnel started in 1920, and it opened in 1927. At the time of its opening, the Holland Tunnel was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in the world.
The Holland Tunnel was originally known as the Hudson River Vehicular Tunnel or the Canal Street Tunnel.


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title: 1988 United States Senate elections section title: Connecticut hierarchical section title: 1988 United States Senate elections / Connecticut caption reference description: County results content: The 1988 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate in which, in spite of the Republican victory by George H. W. Bush in the presidential election, the Democrats gained a net of one seat in the Senate. Seven seats changed parties, with four incumbents being defeated. The Democratic majority in the Senate increased by one from 54–to–46 to 55–to–45.

title: 1988 United States Senate election in Connecticut hierarchical section title: 1988 United States Senate election in Connecticut caption reference description: County results
Lieberman:      50–60%
Weicker:      50–60% content: The 1988 United States Senate election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Lowell Weicker ran for re-election to a fourth term, but was narrowly defeated by Democrat Joe Lieberman, the Connecticut Attorney General and eventual 2000 nominee for Vice President of the United States, who would remain in office until 2013.


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title: Mildred Davis section title: Filmography hierarchical section title: Mildred Davis / Filmography caption reference description: Mildred Davis and Harold Lloyd in a scene still for the 1921 silent comedy, Among Those Present caption attribution description: English: Mildred Davis and Harold Lloyd in a scene still for the 1921 silent comedy Among Those Present. content: Mildred Hillary Davis was an American actress who appeared in many of Harold Lloyd's classic silent comedies and eventually became his wife.


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title: History of Mauritania section title: French colonization hierarchical section title: History of Mauritania / French colonization caption reference description: French West Africa circa 1913 caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The original inhabitants of Mauritania were the Bafour, presumably a Mande ethnic group, connected to the contemporary Arabized minor social group of Imraguen on the Atlantic coast.
The territory of Mauritania was on the fringe of geographical knowledge of Libya in classical antiquity. Berber immigration took place from about the 3rd century. Mauritania takes its name from the ancient Berber kingdom and later Roman province of Mauretania, and thus ultimately from the Mauri people, even though the respective territories do not overlap, historical Mauritania being considerably further north than modern Mauritania.
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th and 8th centuries did not reach as far south, and Islam came to Mauritania only gradually, from about the 11th century, in the context of the wider Islamization of the Sudan and medieval Arab slave trade.
The European colonial powers of the 19th century had little interest in Mauritania. The French Republic was mostly interested in the territory for strategic reason, as a connection between their possessions in North and in West Africa.

title: History of Niger hierarchical section title: History of Niger caption reference description: French colonial West Africa, c. 1918. caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: This is the history of Niger. See also the history of Africa and the history of West Africa.

title: French conquest of Senegal section title: 19th-century territorial conquests hierarchical section title: French conquest of Senegal / 19th-century territorial conquests caption reference description: In 1902, Dakar became the capital of French West Africa. caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The French conquest of Senegal started from 1659 with the establishment of Saint-Louis, Senegal, followed by the French capture of the island of Gorée from the Dutch in 1677, but would only become a full-scale campaign in the 19th century.

title: Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle section title: French West Africa hierarchical section title: Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle / French West Africa caption reference description: French West Africa before it broke into smaller independent states. caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle covers the diplomacy of Charles de Gaulle as French leader 1940-46 and 1958-1969, along with his followers.

title: Mali Federation section title: Formation hierarchical section title: Mali Federation / Formation caption reference description: Colonies of French West Africa caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The Mali Federation was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic for two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army, and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie; this resulted in a tense stand-off, and led to the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.

title: History of Guinea section title: Colonial era hierarchical section title: History of Guinea / Colonial era caption reference description: Map of French West Africa circa 1913 caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The modern state of Guinea did not come into existence until 1958, but the history of the area stretches back well before European colonization. Its current boundaries were determined during the colonial period by the Berlin Conference and the French, who ruled Guinea until 1958.

title: West Africa section title: Colonialism hierarchical section title: West Africa / History / Colonialism caption reference description: French in West Africa circa 1913 caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, as well as the United Kingdom Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The population of West Africa is estimated at about 381 million people as of 2018, and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 are female and 192,309,000 male.

title: France–Africa relations section title: French West Africa hierarchical section title: France–Africa relations / French West Africa caption reference description: In 1904, Dakar became the capital of French West Africa. caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: France–Africa relations cover a period of several centuries, starting around in the Middle Ages, and have been very influential to both regions.

title: Burkina Faso section title: From colony to independence (1890s–1958) hierarchical section title: Burkina Faso / History / From colony to independence (1890s–1958) caption reference description: French West Africa circa 1913 caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa. It covers an area of around 274,200 square kilometres and is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north and west; Niger to the east; Benin to the southeast; Togo to the southeast; Ghana to the south; and Ivory Coast to the southwest. The July 2019 population estimate by the United Nations was 20,321,378. The country's official language of government and business is French. Roughly 50% of the population speaks the Mossi language natively. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta, the country was renamed "Burkina Faso" on 4 August 1984 by erstwhile President Thomas Sankara. Its citizens are known as Burkinabé. Its capital is Ouagadougou.
The Republic of Upper Volta was established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing colony within the French Community, and on 5 August 1960 it gained full independence, with Maurice Yaméogo as President. After protests by students and labour union members, Yaméogo was deposed in the 1966 coup d'état, led by Sangoulé Lamizana, who became president.

title: Ivory Coast section title: French colonial era hierarchical section title: Ivory Coast / History / French colonial era caption reference description: Colonies of French West Africa circa 1913 caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country located on the south coast of West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro in the centre of the country, while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The official language of the republic is French, with local indigenous languages also being widely used that include Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has large populations of adherents of Christianity, Islam and various indigenous religions.
Before its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire and Baoulé. The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa. It achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993.

title: Volta-Bani War hierarchical section title: Volta-Bani War caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The Volta-Bani War was an anti-colonial rebellion which took place in French West Africa between 1915 and 1917. It was a war between an indigenous African force drawn from a heterogeneous coalition of local peoples who rose against the French Army. At its height in 1916 the rebels mustered from 15,000–20,000 men and fought on several fronts. After about a year and several setbacks, the French army defeated the insurgents and jailed or executed their leaders but resistance continued until 1917.
The war started after the 1915 rainy season when a group of representatives from around a dozen villages gathered at Bona where they resolved to take up arms against the French occupiers. This took place in the context of World War I and introduction of conscription for the French Army. There was also widespread optimism that the colonial government could be beaten at this moment of weakness. It went through various phases as the colonial army organised two suppression campaigns but initially failed in its purpose, in the face of fierce opposition and superior tactics. The Volta-Bani War is one of the most significant armed oppositions to colonial government anywhere in Africa.

title: Mouride section title: French colonial rule hierarchical section title: Mouride / History / French colonial rule caption reference description: French West Africa around 1913. caption attribution description: English: I created this, using the Gimp, from a blank GPL Map on Wikipedia, 2007-06-15. Released to Public Domain content: The Mouride brotherhood is a large tariqa most prominent in Senegal and The Gambia with headquarters in the city of Touba, Senegal, which is a holy city for the order. Adherents are called Mourides, from the Arabic word murīd, a term used generally in Sufism to designate a disciple of a spiritual guide.The beliefs and practices of the Mourides constitute Mouridism. Mouride disciples call themselves taalibé in Wolof and must undergo a ritual of allegiance called njebbel, as it is considered highly important to have a sheikh "spiritual guide" in order to become a Mouride. The Mouride brotherhood was founded in 1883 in Senegal by Amadou Bamba. The Mouride make up around 40 percent of the total population, and their influence over everyday life can be seen throughout Senegal.


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title: Horseshoe Park hierarchical section title: Horseshoe Park caption reference description: Horseshoe Park, courtesy of Rocky Mountain National Park content: Horseshoe Park is a flat at 8,524 feet in elevation in Larimer County, Colorado. It is within the Rocky Mountain National Park, which lies between Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake, Colorado on the west. Horseshoe Park is home to bighorn sheep, elk and other wildlife, and it is a wetland sanctuary for wide variety of birds. Recreational activities include picnicking, hiking, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. Roaring River, Lawn Lake and Crystal Lake are located here.
An inn was operated in the area for almost 25 years, until 1931, when the inn was purchased by the federal government. After the inn was removed, the land returned to its natural state. From 1933 to 1942, the Civilian Conservation Corps operated a camp in Horseshoe Park, and the men removed beetle-infested trees, built and improved trails and campgrounds, and other projects.


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title: Mahmud Muhtar Pasha hierarchical section title: Mahmud Muhtar Pasha caption reference description: Mahmud Muhtar Pasha in 1916 caption attribution description: English: Mahmud Muhtar Pasha content: Mahmud Muhtar Pasha, known as Mahmut Muhtar Katırcıoğlu since 1934, was an Ottoman-born Turkish military officer and diplomat, the son of the Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha.


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title: Nandu River Iron Bridge section title: Safety concerns hierarchical section title: Nandu River Iron Bridge / Safety concerns caption reference description: The remaining sections viewed from the eastern shore approximately 1.5 km to the north (downstream). caption attribution description: English: Nandu River Iron Bridge viewed from the eastern shore of the Nandu River, Hainan, China caption alt text description: Nandu River Iron Bridge content: The Nandu River Iron Bridge, also known as the Devil's Iron Bridge, Old Iron Bridge, and originally the Lu Palace Bridge, is a partially collapsed, steel truss bridge over the Nandu River, in the north of Hainan Province, China. Opened to traffic in 1942, it was Hainan's first bridge over the Nandu River.


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title: Mongolian Armed Forces section title: Ground Force hierarchical section title: Mongolian Armed Forces / Branches / Ground Force caption attribution description: English: Mongolian Armed Forces engineers with the 017 Construction Regiment receive instructions before participating in Khaan Quest 2013 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, July 22, 2013. Khaan Quest is an annual multinational exercise sponsored by the U.S. and Mongolia, and it is designed to strengthen the capabilities of U.S., Mongolian and other nations’ forces in international peace support operations. content: The Mongolian Armed Forces is the collective name for the Mongolian military and the joint forces that comprise it. It is tasked with protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the Mongolian state. Defined as the peacetime configuration, its current structure consists of two branches: ground forces and air force. In case of war situation Border Troops, Internal Troops and National Emergency Management Agency will be reorganized into the armed forces structure. The official holiday of their military is Men's and Soldiers' Day on March 18, the equivalent of Defender of the Fatherland Day in Russia.


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title: Economy of Libya section title: External trade and finance hierarchical section title: Economy of Libya / External trade and finance caption reference description: Libyan export destinations in 2006. caption attribution description: English: This bubble map shows the global distribution of Libyan exports in 2006 as a percentage of the top market (Italy - $14,453,100,000). This map is consistent with incomplete set of data too as long as the top producer is known. It resolves the accessibility issues faced by colour-coded maps that may not be properly rendered in old computer screens. Data was extracted on 18th September 2007 from http://www.imfstatistics.org/DOT Based on :Image:BlankMap-World.png content: The economy of Libya depends primarily on revenues from the petroleum sector, which represents over 95% of export earnings and 60% of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population have given Libya one of the highest nominal per capita GDP in Africa.
After 2000, Libya recorded favourable growth rates with an estimated 10.6% growth of GDP in 2010. This development was interrupted by the Libyan Civil War, which resulted in contraction of the economy by 62.1% in 2011. After the war the economy rebounded by 104.5% in 2012, but then crashed again following the Second Libyan Civil War. As of 2017, Libya's per capita PPP GDP stands at 60% of its pre-wars level.


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title: Colombian culture section title: Music hierarchical section title: Colombian culture / Music caption attribution description: Catupecu Machu at Rock al Parque 2007, Bogotá, Colombia. content: Many aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations. The Spanish brought Catholicism, the feudal encomienda system, and a caste system that favored European-born whites. After independence from Spain, the criollos struggled to establish a pluralistic political system, between conservative and liberal ideals. The conservatives supported the involvement of the Catholic Church in the state, while liberals favored the separation of these. The conservatives managed to outsource public education to the Catholic Church, and for many years, the church controlled the country's education system. Both parties engaged in multiple civil wars resulting in a slow development of the country and the isolation of regions until the end of the 19th century. Ethno-racial groups maintained their ancestral heritage culture: whites tried to keep themselves, despite the growing number of illegitimate children of mixed African or indigenous ancestry. These people were labeled with any number of descriptive names, derived from the casta system, such as mestizo, mulatto and moreno.


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title: Battery "E", 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment section title: Battle of Jackson hierarchical section title: Battery "E", 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment / Vicksburg campaign / Battle of Jackson caption reference description: Memorial marker for Battery E at Vicksburg National Battlefield (Courtesy NPS). caption attribution description: English: Memorial marker for Battery E, 1st Illinois Light Artillery at Vicksburg National Battlefield (Courtesy NPS). content: Battery "E", 1st Regiment Illinois Volunteer Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It played a minor but noteworthy role in the Battle of Shiloh, and was mentioned in General William T. Sherman's after-action report on the battle. It also served at Vicksburg, Brice's Crossroads, Nashville and in several other engagements in the Western Theater of the war.


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title: Landsborough Shire Council Chambers section title: History hierarchical section title: Landsborough Shire Council Chambers / History caption reference description: Landsborough Shire Council Chambers, 1932 content: Landsborough Shire Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall and now museum at 6 Maleny Street, Landsborough, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Walter Carey Voller and built in 1924 by Alfred Ernest Round for the Landsborough Shire Council. It is also known as Landsborough Shire Historical Museum. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 June 1999.

title: Landsborough Shire Museum hierarchical section title: Landsborough Shire Museum caption reference description: Landsborough Shire Council Chambers, 1932 content: The Landsborough Shire Historical Museum is a local history and social history museum located in the Sunshine Coast town of Landsborough in Queensland, Australia. The museum explicitly houses and records the local history of the former Landsborough shire and includes the centre of Caloundra and is housed in the Heritage listed Landsborough Shire Council Chambers on Maleny Street.


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title: Paul A. Sperry section title: Sperry Top-Sider hierarchical section title: Paul A. Sperry / Sperry Top-Sider caption reference description: Drawing from the patent for the Sperry Top-Sider, 1937 content: Paul Alling Sperry was an American inventor, businessman, photographer, screen printer, sailor and outdoorsman. He designed the first boat shoe and founded Sperry, a sportswear company now headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.

title: Sperry Top-Sider section title: History hierarchical section title: Sperry Top-Sider / History caption reference description: The patent application for the Paul A. Sperry's Sperry Authentic Original boat shoe. content: Sperry or Sperry Top-Sider is an American brand of boat shoe designed in 1935 by Paul A. Sperry, older brother of writer and illustrator Armstrong Sperry, whose books often featured a sailing theme. Sperrys, or Top-Siders, were the first boat shoes introduced into the boating and footwear markets. Today the Sperry brand is owned by Wolverine World Wide and is headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.


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title: Havana Cathedral section title: Architecture hierarchical section title: Havana Cathedral / Architecture caption reference description: Cathedral elevation with section superimposed caption attribution description: SECTION.Havana.Cathedral content: Havana Cathedral is one of eleven Catholic cathedrals on the island. It is located in the Plaza de la Catedral on Calle Empedrado, between San Ignacio y Mercaderes, Old Havana. The thirty by forty-nine meters rectangular church serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Cristobal de la Habana. Christopher Columbus’ remains were kept in the cathedral between 1796 and 1898 before they were taken to Seville Cathedral.
It was built between 1748-1777 and was consecrated in 1782.


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title: Peachtree Creek hierarchical section title: Peachtree Creek caption reference description: As a battlefield content: Peachtree Creek is a major stream in Atlanta. It flows for 7.5 miles almost due west into the Chattahoochee River just south of Vinings.
Peachtree Creek is an important part of the area history. Fort Peachtree was built near the creek and the Chattahoochee River to guard against the Cherokee, who were in the Cherokee County territory northwest of the river.
During the American Civil War, the Battle of Peachtree Creek was a major battle of the Atlanta Campaign. Pace's Ferry was built across the river near the creek, and Paces Ferry Road still runs roughly parallel to the creek. Another street, Peachtree Battle Avenue, runs in a similar fashion. Because it is usually called just Peachtree Battle, that part of Buckhead is often called the same, which in turn gave rise to a local play called Peachtree Battle.
Its two major tributaries are the North Fork Peachtree Creek and the South Fork Peachtree Creek. The northern fork begins at the edge of Gwinnett County and flows 13.5 miles southwest, almost perfectly parallel to Interstate 85 through DeKalb County. It ends at its confluence with the southern fork, next to where the highway meets Georgia 400.


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title: Morocco section title: Sport hierarchical section title: Morocco / Culture / Sport caption reference description: Moroccan football fans caption attribution description: Français : Match Maroc - Algérie content: Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, with land borders with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south. Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, all of them under Spanish jurisdiction, as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca. Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km² and has a population of over 36 million.
Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule, when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Portuguese Empire began in Morocco in the 15th century, following Portuguese conquests along the Moroccan coast, founding settlements which lasted into the 17th and 18th centuries. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century, allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation.


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title: Atlantic Terminal (shopping mall) hierarchical section title: Atlantic Terminal (shopping mall) caption reference description: Exterior of Atlantic Terminal, showing the mall entrance at Atlantic Avenue and the Target guest purchase unloading area caption attribution description: English: Target T-1849 Atlantic Terminal, Brooklyn, New York City, NY. Two-Level "Urban" Store as part of the Atlantic Terminal shopping complex. content: Atlantic Terminal and Atlantic Center are shopping malls located on Atlantic Avenue surrounded by Hanson Place, Fort Greene Place and Flatbush Avenue in the Fort Greene section of Brooklyn, New York City, near Downtown Brooklyn. Atlantic Terminal is located across the street from the Atlantic Center Mall, and both are under the same management of Madison International Realty. On December 22, 2017 Atlantic Terminal and Atlantic Center was acquired by Madison International Realty from Forest City Realty Trust. The real estate private equity firm had previously acquired a 49% stake in the Forest City portfolio in 2011 and purchased the remaining 51% in 2017 to make Madison International Realty one of the largest retail landlords in New York. Atlantic Terminal is also an office building and part of the ticket office of the Long Island Rail Road's Atlantic Terminal. Parts of Atlantic Center Mall were also renovated to complement the new mall. The malls are both located directly across Atlantic Avenue from Barclays Center arena, in the neighborhood of Pacific Park, which is being developed by Forest City Ratner.


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title: Battle of Zhovti Vody section title: Attack on Khortytsia and the organization of expedition hierarchical section title: Battle of Zhovti Vody / Attack on Khortytsia and the organization of expedition caption reference description: Writing on the monument says: "In January 1648 near is. Khortytsia the Zaporizhian Cossacks headed by B. Khmelnytsky for the first time defeated the force of Polish oppressors." caption attribution description: monument victory over polish oppressors in 1648, Khortytsya content: Battle of Zhovti Vody was the first significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. The name of the battle derived from a nearby Zhovta River.
The events took place about 20 miles north of Zhovti Vody, today on the border of Kirovohrad Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in south-central Ukraine when advance forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army led by Stefan Potocki met a numerically superior force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Tuhaj Bej. After the Registered Cossacks who were originally allied with the Commonwealth arrived and unexpectedly sided with Khmelnytsky, the Commonwealth forces were annihilated while attempting to retreat following an 18-day battle, only days before reinforcements were to arrive.


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title: Valsad district section title: Important places hierarchical section title: Valsad district / Important places caption reference description: Wilson Hills, Dharampur caption attribution description: English: Wilson Hills Sign Board content: Valsad district, historically known as Bulsar district is one of the 33 districts in the Western Indian state of Gujarat. It is bound by Navsari district to the north, Nashik district of Maharashtra state to the east, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli district of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory and the Palghar district of Maharashtra to the south. The Arabian Sea lies west of the district. The coastal Daman enclave of DNHDD is bounded by Valsad district on the north, east, and south. The district's administrative capital is Valsad. The district's largest city is Valsad.
The district covers 3008 square kilometres and is divided into six talukas: Valsad, Vapi, Pardi, Umargam, Kaparada and Dharampur. The population was 1,705,678 in 2011, up from 1,410,553 in 2001. Valsad is well known for its production of mangoes, sapodilla, and teak, and its chemical and industrial stretch based on Vapi and Atul.

title: Wilson Hills, Gujarat hierarchical section title: Wilson Hills, Gujarat caption reference description: Wilson Hills Valley caption attribution description: English: Wilson Hills Sign Board content: Wilson Hills is a hill station in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is near Dharampur Tahsil and is also the nearest hill station to valsad Surat.
Wilson Hills stands in a densely forested region close to the Pangarbari Wildlife Sanctuary. It is one of the few hill stations in the world from which it is possible to glimpse the sea.
It has an average elevation of 750m. The Wilson Hills are popular during the summer months as it enjoys a cooler and less humid climate than the surrounding area.


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title: Elon College Historic District hierarchical section title: Elon College Historic District caption reference description: Alamance Building, Elon University, April 2007 caption attribution description: Alamance Building, Elon University content: Elon College Historic District is a national historic district located on the campus of Elon University at Elon, Alamance County, North Carolina. It encompasses 6 contributing buildings and 1 contributing object that form the historic core of the Elon College campus. They are the West Dormitory, and five buildings built between 1923-1927 which form an H-shaped complex: Alamance Building, Whitley Auditorium, Carlton Library, Duke Science Building, and Mooney Building. The object is a monument erected in 1929. All of the buildings are three-story red brick buildings of Colonial Revival / Georgian Revival design.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Alamance County, North Carolina section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Alamance County, North Carolina / Current listings caption attribution description: Alamance Building, Elon University caption alt text description: Elon College Historic District content: This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 17, 2020.


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title: J. C. Seaman hierarchical section title: J. C. Seaman caption reference description: This is a yearbook picture prior to 1978. caption attribution description: English: This is a yearbook picture prior to 1978 and not under copyright but in public domain. content: Joseph Carryl Seaman Sr., known as J.C. Seaman, was a five-term member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Waterproof in Tensas Parish in northeast Louisiana, having served from 1944 to 1964.


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title: Jama Musse Jama hierarchical section title: Jama Musse Jama caption reference description: A mural by Jama Musse Jama, depicting an animal story with a lion, a bleeding dromedary and other animals, as etnomathematical illustration of the mathematical geometric series of 0.5 = 1.0. Xarunta Dhaqanka ee Hargeysa (Hargeysa Cultural Centre), Somaliland, 2019. caption attribution description: English: A painting depicting an animal story with a lion, a bleeding dromedary and other animals. A mathematical geometric series of 1/2. Xarunta Dhaqanka ee Hargeysa (Hargeysa Cultural Centre).Nederlands: Een schildering van een dierenverhaal met een leeuw, een bloedende dromedaris en andere dieren. Een wiskundige machtreeks (meetkundige reeks) van 1/2. Xarunta Dhaqanka ee Hargeysa (Cultureel centrum Hargeysa). content: Jama Musse Jama is a prominent Somali ethnomathematician and author. He is notable for his research on traditional Somali boardgames such as Shax.


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title: Chubut Province section title: Relief hierarchical section title: Chubut Province / Geography / Relief caption reference description: Government House. caption attribution description: Español: Fachada de la Casa de Gobierno de la Provincia del Chubut. content: Chubut is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south, the 46th parallel south, the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word chupat, meaning "transparent," their description of the Chubut River.
The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it has 180,000 inhabitants. The administrative capital is Rawson. Other important cities are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel and Sarmiento. Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as "Y Wladfa" in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated. Of the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentina, 5,000 live in the Chubut region, particularly in the early Welsh settlements of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.


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title: Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet section title: Formula One hierarchical section title: Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet / The original circuit / Formula One caption reference description: Second place, Emerson Fittipaldi Copersucar, Jacarepagua, 1978 content: The Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet, also known as Jacarepaguá after the neighbourhood in which it was located, was a motorsport circuit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Opened in 1977, it hosted the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix on ten occasions, and was also used for CART, motorcycle racing and stock car racing. In 2012, it was demolished to make way for facilities to be used at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

title: Fittipaldi F5 hierarchical section title: Fittipaldi F5 caption reference description: Emerson Fittipaldi driving the F5A at the 1978 Brazilian Grand Prix. content: The Fittipaldi F5 was a Formula One car for the 1977 Formula One season. It was driven by Brazilian Emerson Fittipaldi. The engine was a Ford Cosworth DFV, with the car achieving three of the team's 11 points from the season. The car was modified to become the F5A, which was used for the 1978 season and part of the 1979 season. Fittipaldi was the sole driver of the car in all three seasons. The car was succeeded by the Fittipaldi F6A.
After Formula One, F5 cars continued to be used in the Aurora F1 Championship in 1978, 1979, and 1980 and later in historic racing.


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title: Ein Farah hierarchical section title: Ein Farah caption reference description: Bedouin shepherd with his flock at the spring, circa 1920 caption attribution description: English: Title: Costumes, characters, etc. Shepherd resting with flock at Ain Farah Abstract/medium: G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection Physical description: 1 negative : content: Ein Farah, is a spring located at the centre of Wadi Qelt, 325 meters above sea level, between Jerusalem and Jericho. Until 1970, the water of the spring were pumped to supply Jerusalem. Since the 1970s it is part of the Wadi Qelt nature reserve. The spring flows into a natural rock pool, and its output creates a brook that flows all year round.


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title: Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters hierarchical section title: Basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters caption reference description: Competing teams. content: This is a list of the players who were on the rosters of the given teams who participated in the 2008 Beijing Olympics for Men's Basketball.


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title: Silvio Santos section title: Early life hierarchical section title: Silvio Santos / Early life caption reference description: Sílvio Santos in the TV program "First Brazilian Championship of New Singers", 1972. National Archives of Brazil. content: Senor Abravanel, known professionally as Silvio Santos, is a Brazilian entrepreneur, media tycoon and television host. He is the owner of holdings that include SBT, the second largest television network in the country. His net worth was US$1.3 billion in 2013. He is the presenter of the second oldest Brazilian program: Programa Silvio Santos.
He is also the only celebrity in the country on the list of billionaires by Forbes magazine. The magazine also states that "there is no one more famous than Silvio Santos in Brazil.


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title: Huaqingdaqiao station hierarchical section title: Huaqingdaqiao station caption reference description: Exit 1 caption attribution description: 中文: 無錫地鐵華清大橋站1號口 content: Huaqingdaqiao Station, is a metro station of Line 1, Wuxi Metro. It started operations on 1 July 2014.


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title: Robert Mueller section title: Military awards hierarchical section title: Robert Mueller / Military awards caption attribution description: English: cropped from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USMCqualbadge.jpg for the purpose of adding to the Awards and Decorations sections of individual U.S. Marines' pages content: Robert Swan Mueller III is an American lawyer and government official who served as the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 2001 to 2013.
A graduate of Princeton University and New York University, Mueller served as a Marine Corps officer during the Vietnam War, receiving a Bronze Star for heroism and a Purple Heart. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia School of Law. Mueller is a registered Republican in Washington, D.C., and was appointed and reappointed to Senate-confirmed positions by presidents George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama.
Mueller has served both in government and private practice. He was an assistant United States attorney, a United States attorney, United States assistant attorney general for the Criminal Division, a homicide prosecutor in Washington, D.C., acting United States deputy attorney general, partner at D.C. law firm WilmerHale and director of the FBI.
On May 17, 2017, Mueller was appointed by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein as special counsel overseeing an investigation into allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and related matters.

title: R. Lee Ermey section title: Awards and decorations hierarchical section title: R. Lee Ermey / Awards and decorations caption reference description: USMC Rifle Marksman badge caption attribution description: English: cropped from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USMCqualbadge.jpg for the purpose of adding to the Awards and Decorations sections of individual U.S. Marines' pages content: Ronald Lee Ermey was an American film, television and voice actor, and Marine drill instructor. He achieved fame for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in the 1987 film Full Metal Jacket, which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Ermey was also a United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant.
Ermey was often typecast in authority figure roles, such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning, Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine, Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake, Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives, a police captain in Se7en, plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films, Lt. "Tice" Ryan in Rocket Power, a prison warden in an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, and John House in House.
On television, Ermey hosted two programs on the History Channel: Mail Call, in which he answered viewers' questions about various military issues both modern and historic; and Lock n' Load with R. Lee Ermey, which concerned the development of different types of weapons. He also hosted GunnyTime on the Outdoor Channel.


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title: Vancouver Centre hierarchical section title: Vancouver Centre caption reference description: Vancouver Centre in relation to other electoral districts in the Vancouver area content: Vancouver Centre is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917.


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title: Yuezhi section title: Visit of Zhang Qian hierarchical section title: Yuezhi / Account of Zhang Qian / Visit of Zhang Qian caption reference description: Watershed of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) caption attribution description: English: Map of the Amu Darya's watershed in Central Asia, that drains parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan into the Aral Sea content: The Yuezhi were an ancient people first described in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat by the Xiongnu in 176 BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups migrating in different directions: the Greater Yuezhi and Lesser Yuezhi.
The Greater Yuezhi initially migrated northwest into the Ili Valley, where they reportedly displaced elements of the Sakas. They were driven from the Ili Valley by the Wusun and migrated southward to Sogdia and later settled in Bactria. The Greater Yuezhi have consequently often been identified with peoples mentioned in classical European sources as having overrun the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, like the Tókharioi and Asii. During the 1st century BC, one of the five major Greater Yuezhi tribes in Bactria, the Kushanas, began to subsume the other tribes and neighbouring peoples. The subsequent Kushan Empire, at its peak in the 3rd century AD, stretched from Turfan in the Tarim Basin in the north to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain of India in the south.

title: Zeravshan River hierarchical section title: Zeravshan River caption reference description: Zarafshan in the Amu Darya basin caption attribution description: English: Map of the Amu Darya's watershed in Central Asia, that drains parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan into the Aral Sea content: Zerafshan River is a river in Central Asia. Its name, "spreader of gold" in Persian, refers to the presence of gold-bearing sands in the upper reaches of the river. To the ancient Greeks it was known as the Polytimetus. It was also formerly known as Sughd River.
It rises at 39°30′N 70°35′E on the fringes of the Pamirs in Tajikistan, flowing due west for some 300 kilometres, passing Penjikent before entering Uzbekistan at 39°32′N 67°27′E, where it turns west-to-north-west, flowing past the legendary city of Samarkand, where it feeds the Dargom Canal, which is entirely dependent on the oasis thus created, until it bends left again to the west north of Navoiy and further to the south-west, passing Bukhara before it is lost in the desert beyond the city of Qorako‘l, not quite reaching the Amu Darya, of which it was formerly a tributary.
Tajikistan aims to construct several hydro-electric power stations on Zerafshan River and has signed the MOU in November 2013 with Zarvon Corporation for the financing and construction of the plants. All previous MOU's have been voided.

title: Revolt of Abdal-Latif Mirza hierarchical section title: Revolt of Abdal-Latif Mirza caption attribution description: English: Map of the Amu Darya's watershed in Central Asia, that drains parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan into the Aral Sea content: It is not clear what led Abdal-Latif Mirza to revolt against his father Ulugh Beg in 1449 C.E. Many theories abound; one being that he was raised by Gawhar Shad in Herat and not by his father Ulugh Beg who was governor of Samarkand during the reign of Shah Rukh, therefore Abdal-Latif Mirza was not attached to his father. Ulugh Beg on the other hand preferred his second son Abdal-Aziz Mirza to be his heir, whom he had raised himself and groomed to take over. Another reason was that when the Baysonqor brothers invaded Khurasan, Ulugh Beg left his son Abdal-Latif Mirza, to deal with a difficult situation making it look as if it were his failures that led to the loss of Khurasan; this Abdal-Latif Mirza resented deeply. And finally, during a revolt in Balkh in Spring of 1449 by a certain Miranshah, which was crushed by Abdal-Latif Mirza, was discovered a letter from Ulugh Beg to this Miranshah ordering him to instigate the revolt. This story is not corroborated by any other source than Mirkhond but is given as a last excuse for all out war with his father.

title: Amu Darya section title: Description hierarchical section title: Amu Darya / Description caption reference description: Map of the Amu Darya watershed caption attribution description: English: Map of the Amu Darya's watershed in Central Asia, that drains parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan into the Aral Sea content: The Amu Darya is a major river in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Kush, the Amu Darya is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. In its upper course, the river forms part of Afghanistan's northern border with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. In ancient history, the river was regarded as the boundary of Greater Iran with "Turan", which roughly corresponded to present-day Central Asia.

title: Muslim conquest of Khorasan section title: Beginning of conquest hierarchical section title: Muslim conquest of Khorasan / During Rashidun and Umayyad era / Beginning of conquest caption reference description: Oxus River caption attribution description: English: Map of the Amu Darya's watershed in Central Asia, that drains parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan into the Aral Sea content: Muslim conquest of Khorasan was the last phase of the heavy war between the Rashidun caliphate against Sassanid Empire.


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title: Carlton Cole hierarchical section title: Carlton Cole caption attribution description: Carlton Cole. Image cropped from original at flickr. content: Carlton Cole is an English footballer. He plays for West Ham United and England national team.

title: Carlton Cole section title: 2007–08 season hierarchical section title: Carlton Cole / Club career / West Ham United / 2007–08 season caption reference description: Cole playing for West Ham United in 2008 caption attribution description: Carlton Cole. Image cropped from original at flickr. content: Carlton Michael George Cole is an English football coach and former professional footballer who played as a striker. He scored 51 goals in 289 Premier League appearances for four clubs.
Cole began his career at Chelsea in 2001, spending spells out on loan at Wolverhampton Wanderers, Charlton Athletic and Aston Villa before being transferred to West Ham United in 2006. He was released by West Ham in 2013 only to be re-signed several months later, and the club released him for a second time in May 2015. He later had brief spells at Celtic in Scotland, Sacramento Republic in the United States and Persib Bandung in Indonesia.
He made 19 England under-21 appearances, and made his debut for the England national team on 11 February 2009 in a friendly match against Spain.


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title: Victor Chapman hierarchical section title: Victor Chapman caption reference description: Chapman in 1916 caption attribution description: 1916 photograph of American WWI aviator Victor Chapman (who flew for France.) content: Victor Emmanuel Chapman was a French-American pilot remembered for his exploits during World War I. He was the first American pilot to die in the war.

title: Chapman (surname) section title: V hierarchical section title: Chapman (surname) / V caption reference description: Victor Chapman, French-American wartime pilot caption attribution description: 1916 photograph of American WWI aviator Victor Chapman (who flew for France.) caption alt text description: Victor Chapman, French American wartime pilot content: Chapman is an English surname derived from the Old English occupational name céapmann “marketman, monger, merchant”, from the verb céapan, cypan “to buy or sell” and the noun form ceap "barter, business; a purchase." Alternate spellings include Caepmon, Cepeman, Chepmon, Cypman, and Shapman.
The Oxford English Dictionary supplies four meanings for chapman, all of which pertain to buying and selling: 1) A man whose business was buying and selling; 2) an itinerant dealer who travels, also known as a hawker or peddler; 3) an agent in a commercial transaction; 4) a purchaser or customer. The OED includes a citation of an English ordinance or decree that dates from 1553, during the reign of Edward VI: "No Tinker, Peddler, or petit Chapman shall wander about from the Towne but such as shall be licensed by two Justices of Peace." According to a list of colonial occupations, a chapman is a peddler or dealer of goods, usually itinerant, going from village to village. The related word chapbook is a later coinage from the 19th century which appears to refer to the fact that chapbooks were very cheaply made.


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title: Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) section title: Design hierarchical section title: Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong) / Design caption reference description: Massing model showing the shape of the Bank of China Tower. The labels correspond to the number of 'X' shapes on each outward facing side. content: The Bank of China Tower is a skyscraper located in Central, Hong Kong. Located at 1 Garden Road on Hong Kong Island, the tower houses the headquarters of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. One of the most recognisable landmarks in Hong Kong, the building is notable for its distinct shape and design, consisting of triangular frameworks covered by glass curtain walls.
The building was designed by Chinese-American architect I. M. Pei and L.C Pei of I.M Pei and Partners. At a height of 315.0 m, reaching 367.4 m high including masts, the building is the fourth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong, after International Commerce Centre, Two International Finance Centre and Central Plaza. It was the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1989 to 1992, and it was the first supertall skyscraper outside the United States, the first to break the 305 m mark. It was surpassed by Central Plaza on the same island in 1992.
Construction began in 1985 on the former site of Murray House, and was completed five years later in 1990. Sporting a steel-column design, the building is accessible from the MTR's Central station. The building lies between Cotton Tree Drive and Garden Road.


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title: Tiszainoka hierarchical section title: Tiszainoka caption attribution description: English: Coat of arms of Tiszainoka, Hungary caption alt text description: Coat of arms of Tiszainoka content: Tiszainoka is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.


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title: Brading Roman Villa section title: The cockerel-headed man hierarchical section title: Brading Roman Villa / The Villa / The cockerel-headed man caption reference description: The cockerel-headed man caption attribution description: English: Close-up of the "cockerel-headed man" in a mosaic in Brading Roman Villa on the Isle of Wight.This is a photo of listed building number 1219584. content: Brading Roman Villa was a Roman courtyard villa which has been excavated and put on public display in Brading on the Isle of Wight.


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title: San Jose International Airport section title: Statistics hierarchical section title: San Jose International Airport / Statistics caption reference description: A Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-700 caption attribution description: Holding On Yankee content: Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport, also known as San Jose International Airport, is a city-owned public airport in San Jose, California, United States. It is named after San Jose native Norman Mineta, former Transportation Secretary in the Cabinet of George W. Bush and Commerce Secretary in the Cabinet of Bill Clinton. The name also recognizes Mineta's service as a councilman for, and mayor of, San Jose.
While San Jose is the largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area, SJC is the San Francisco Bay Area's second-busiest airport by passenger boardings, behind San Francisco International Airport. In addition, the airport is also an official U.S. Customs and Border Protection international port of entry. It is situated three miles northwest of Downtown San Jose near the intersections of U.S. Route 101, Interstate 880, and State Route 87. In 2018, 45.4% of departing or arriving passengers at SJC flew on Southwest Airlines; Alaska Airlines was the second most popular airline with about 17.6% of passengers.


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title: Asparagus virgatus hierarchical section title: Asparagus virgatus caption attribution description: English: This picture shows cultivation of Asparagus Virgatus in South Africa. content: Asparagus virgatus is a species of flowering plant in the Asparagaceae family. It indigenous to South Eastern Africa. It is also known as tree fern, tiki fern, and African broom fern. Asparagus virgatus is a member of the genus Asparagus, and not a true fern.


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title: Bellver Castle section title: History hierarchical section title: Bellver Castle / History caption reference description: Internal portal, valley, revellí and eaves at the background content: Bellver Castle is a Gothic-style castle on a hill 3 km to the west of the center of Palma on the Island of Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. It was built in the 14th century for King James II of Majorca, and is one of the few circular castles in Europe. First serving as the residence of the Kings of Majorca, and afterward long used as a military prison throughout the 18th to mid-20th century, it is now under civilian control, being one of the main tourist attractions of the island, as well as the seat for the city's History Museum.


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title: Los Burros Ranger Station section title: Description hierarchical section title: Los Burros Ranger Station / Description caption reference description: Site plan of the Los Burros Ranger Station caption attribution description: English: Site plan of the Los Burros Ranger Station content: The Los Burros Ranger Station is a forest ranger station situated in Apache County, Arizona. The station was manned by rangers who traveled to the nearby Lake Mountain Lookout.


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title: Middle Island, New York hierarchical section title: Middle Island, New York caption reference description: U.S. Census map caption attribution description: English: U.S. Census 2000 reference map for Middle Island content: Middle Island is a hamlet and census-designated place in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 10,483 at the 2010 census. It is situated between the hamlets of Coram and Ridge, to the west and east, respectively, and Rocky Point and Yaphank to the north and south. The name derives from the fact that it lies approximately halfway between the eastern and western ends of Long Island as well as halfway between the northern and southern boundaries.
Middle Island is a community in the Town of Brookhaven served by the Longwood Central School District, which at 58 square miles is the largest school district on Long Island. The Longwood Public Library is located in Middle Island.
Parks within Middle Island include Cathedral Pines County Park and the adjacent Prosser Pines County Park. Middle Island is surrounded by three public golf courses. Middle Island Country Club and Spring Lake Golf Club are both within Middle Island; Mill Pond Golf Course is just to the south, in Yaphank.


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title: White Bear 70 hierarchical section title: White Bear 70 caption reference description: Location in Saskatchewan content: White Bear 70 is an Indian reserve of the White Bear First Nations in Saskatchewan. It is 13 kilometers north of Carlyle. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 691 living in 237 of its 972 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 60 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.


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title: 223rd Coastal Division (Italy) hierarchical section title: 223rd Coastal Division (Italy) caption reference description: Area of France where the division was located content: The 223rd Coastal Division was an infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II. The division was located in the south of France coastal region. The 223 Coastal Division was formed from elements of Regular Infantry Regiments from the Alpini Divisions, from the 5th and 8th Alpine Regiments and the 26th Alpine Battalion. Normally Coastal divisions were second line divisions, formed from men in their forties and fifties intended to perform labouring and second line duties. Recruited locally, they were often commanded by officers called out of retirement. Their equipment was also second rate. The Prime Minister of Italy, Benito Mussolini had hoped to obtain large quantities of arms and equipment from the disbanded Vichy French army, but this was often sabotaged or arrived with no ammunition.


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title: Boulder City, Nevada section title: Beginnings as federal company town hierarchical section title: Boulder City, Nevada / History / Beginnings as federal company town caption reference description: June 30, 1932 content: Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is approximately 26 miles southeast of Las Vegas. As of the 2010 census, the population of Boulder City was 15,023. The city took its name from Boulder Canyon. Boulder City is one of only two places in Nevada that prohibits gambling, the other being the town of Panaca.


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title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Trumbull County, Ohio section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Trumbull County, Ohio / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Peter Allen House, State Route 7, Kinsman vicinity (Trumbull County, Ohio). caption alt text description: Dr. Peter Allen House content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Trumbull County, Ohio.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 36 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark. Another property was once listed but has been removed.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted April 26, 2019.

title: Dr. Peter Allen House hierarchical section title: Dr. Peter Allen House caption reference description: Peter Allen House in 1936. caption attribution description: English: Peter Allen House, State Route 7, Kinsman vicinity (Trumbull County, Ohio). content: Dr. Peter Allen House is a registered historic building near Kinsman, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1971-09-03. It currently operates as the Peter Allen Inn & Event Center, a small inn and wedding venue.


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title: 2014 Florida State Seminoles football team section title: Roster hierarchical section title: 2014 Florida State Seminoles football team / Personnel / Roster caption reference description: Runningback Karlos Williams caption attribution description: English: Karlos Williams in 2014 content: The 2014 Florida State Seminoles football team, variously Florida State or FSU, represented Florida State University in the sport of American football during the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS college football season. Florida State competed in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The Seminoles were led by fifth-year head coach Jimbo Fisher and played their home games at Bobby Bowden Field at Doak Campbell Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida. They were members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, playing in the Atlantic Division. It was the Seminoles' 23rd season as a member of the ACC and its 10th in the ACC Atlantic Division.
Florida State entered the season as the defending national champion.
The Seminoles ended the regular season as the only team from a power conference without a loss, but finished the season with a 13–1 record. The Seminoles won the ACC Atlantic Division for the sixth time, advancing to their fifth conference championship game, where they defeated Georgia Tech to win their fifteenth conference title.

title: Karlos Williams hierarchical section title: Karlos Williams caption reference description: Williams at FSU in 2014 caption attribution description: English: Karlos Williams in 2014 content: Karlos Jermell Williams Sr. is an American football running back for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. He played college football at Florida State.


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title: Mollisol hierarchical section title: Mollisol caption reference description: A Mollisol profile content: Mollisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy. Mollisols form in semi-arid to semi-humid areas, typically under a grassland cover. They are most commonly found in the mid-latitudes, namely in North America, mostly east of the Rocky Mountains, in South America in Argentina and Brazil, and in Asia in Mongolia and the Russian Steppes. Their parent material is typically base-rich and calcareous and include limestone, loess, or wind-blown sand. The main processes that lead to the formation of grassland Mollisols are melanisation, decomposition, humification and pedoturbation.
Mollisols have deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil, typically between 60 and 80 cm in depth. This fertile surface horizon, known as a mollic epipedon, is the defining diagnostic feature of Mollisols. Mollic epipedons result from the long-term addition of organic materials derived from plant roots, and typically have soft, granular soil structure.
Mollisols occur in savannahs and mountain valleys. These environments have historically been strongly influenced by fire and abundant pedoturbation from organisms such as ants and earthworms.


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title: Pentre Camp hierarchical section title: Pentre Camp caption reference description: View from the fort, looking north-east caption attribution description: English: Pentre Camp Hill Fort, Llangyniew content: Pentre Camp is an Iron Age hillfort, near the hamlet of Llangynyw and about 2.5 miles north-east of Llanfair Caereinion, in Powys, Wales. It is a scheduled monument.


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title: Chinnakada section title: Chinnakada Underpass hierarchical section title: Chinnakada / Chinnakada Underpass caption reference description: Aerial view of Chinnakada in 2008 caption attribution description: English: Chinnakada Arial view, taken from Bishop Benziger Hospital, Kollam content: Chinnakada or Chinnakkada is considered as the heart of the city of Kollam in Kerala, India. Chinnakada is a busy junction where 5 city roads and one National highway interconnect at a traffic roundabout. The city's symbolic clock tower is located in Chinnakada. To reduce the traffic congestion in Chinnakada, Kollam Municipal Corporation constructed an underpass near to clock tower. Marine Products Export Development Authority's Kollam sub-regional office is situated at Chinnakada.

title: Downtown Kollam section title: Business centres hierarchical section title: Downtown Kollam / Business centres caption reference description: An aerial view of Chinnakada in Downtown Kollam during 2008 caption attribution description: English: Chinnakada Arial view, taken from Bishop Benziger Hospital, Kollam content: Downtown Kollam is the primary central business district in the city of Kollam, Kerala, India. Located entirely within the former municipality of old Quilon, it is approximately bounded by Chinnakada to the east, Thangassery to the West, Cutchery to the north, and Mundakkal to the South. The area is popularly known for its business activities. Kollam was formerly an international emporium of trade and today remains a prosperous commercial centre.
The downtown area of Kollam has a long business history. Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who was in Chinese service under Kubla Khan in 1275, visited Kollam and other towns on the west coast, in his capacity as a Chinese mandarin. He pointed out that Old Kollam was the only town on the west coast of India with multi-story buildings, some of which still stand today. He found Christians and Jews living in Coilum as well as merchants from China and Arabia. Polo left a detailed account of Kollam in his writings, extracts of which are reproduced in the Travancore State Manual.


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title: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo section title: History hierarchical section title: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo / History caption reference description: The mission in ruins, 1880. content: Mission San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo, or Misión de San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, first built in 1797, is one of the most authentically restored Roman Catholic mission churches in California. Located at the mouth of Carmel Valley, California, it is on the National Register of Historic Places and is a National Historic Landmark.
From 1797 until 1833, Carmel Mission was the headquarters of all Alta California missions. It was headed by Saint Junípero Serra from 1770 until his death in 1784. It was also the seat of the second missions presidente, Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén, who was in charge of completing nine more mission churches.
In 1833 the mission buildings and lands were secularized by the Mexican government. By the mid-19th century, the Carmel Mission structures had fallen into disrepair. The chapel was saved from total destruction when the roof was rebuilt in 1884. In 1886, ownership of the mission was transferred from a group of Franciscans to the Diocese of Monterey. Ever since, Carmel Mission has been a parish within that Diocese.
Beginning in 1931, Harry Downie began restoring the mission and worked continuously on the project for the next 50 years.