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title: Adrià Gual hierarchical section title: Adrià Gual caption reference description: Adrià Gual seen by Ramon Casas (MNAC). caption attribution description: Català: Retrat fet per Ramon Casas i conservat al MNAC a Barcelona.English: Portrait by Ramon Casas conserved at MNAC in Barcelona. Imagen 017 content: Adrià Gual i Queralt was a Catalan playwright and theatre businessman, founder of the Escola Catalana d'Art Dramàtic and a pioneer of cinema in Barcelona.
He founded El Teatre Íntim. He was Director of the Catalan School of Drama and artistic director of the film production Barcinógrafo. Document important were his memoirs, published posthumously: Mitja vida de teatre. As a plastic artist, focused on a modernist style typical symbolist. He was one of the leading graphic artists of Modernism, emphasizing their posters. Finally devoted their efforts to the set of works assembled by him. It is well represented in the Library of Catalonia, where even the twelve panels are preserved in oil painted for the Wagnerian Association, around 1902.
He also dignify the Catalan drama, which he stood at the same level as in other modern nations. For this purpose he built a Catalan repertoire full of classics, contemporary and native size plays like Aeschylus, Molière, Shakespeare, Goethe, Pérez Galdós, Maragall, Àngel Guimerà o Santiago Rusiñol.


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title: Overland Limited (UP train) section title: Equipment hierarchical section title: Overland Limited (UP train) / Equipment caption reference description: Overland Limited (1901) caption attribution description: English: 1901 Advertisement for the SP-UP-C&NW Overland Limited content: The Overland Limited was an American named passenger train which for much of its history was jointly operated by three railroads on the Overland Route between San Francisco and Chicago. The Southern Pacific Railroad handled the train west of Ogden, Utah, the Union Pacific Railroad between Ogden and Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa, and east of the Missouri River to Chicago it was operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway as well as, for a few years starting in 1905, by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad.
The named service on this route began on the UP first as the Overland Flyer and then Overland Limited, and the SP began its own separate named Overland Limited train in 1899. The Overland name disappeared on C&NW's portion of the route on October 30, 1955, from the UP in 1956, and finally ended on the SP's portion as a separate year-round train on July 16, 1962 when that service was consolidated with the City of San Francisco.


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title: 2012–13 Top League hierarchical section title: 2012–13 Top League caption reference description: Captain Shinya Makabe of Suntory, winner
 of the Top League and All Japan double. caption attribution description: English: Shinya Makabe, captain of Suntory Sungoliath, after winning the 50th All Japan Rugby Football Championship. content: The 2012–13 Top League was the tenth season of Japan's domestic rugby union competition, the Top League. It kicked off on 31 August 2012. The final was held on 27 January 2013 and won by Suntory Sungoliath to claim their third Top League title.


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title: University of Nariño section title: Organization hierarchical section title: University of Nariño / Organization caption reference description: School of Economics caption attribution description: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administración, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto. content: The University of Nariño, also called Udenar, is a public, coeducational, research university based primarily in the city of Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. It is the largest higher education institution by student population in the department with 9,867 students. Its origins can be traced to 1712, but it was officially established by governor Julian Buchelli through decree 049 of November 7, 1904.
The university has three campuses in Pasto. The main one, known as the University City of Torobajo, is located in the northern part of the city in the neighborhood of the same name, the second in the neighborhood of San Vicente is known as the Panamericana campus, and the last is in the city's downtown, which was its first location. Udenar has several satellite campuses across the department in the cities of Ipiales, Samaniego, Tumaco, and Tuquerres. The university offers education at technological, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, with 56 academic programs, which includes 5 master's and a doctorate in education. It is also the host for 79 research groups recognized by COLCIENCIAS.


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title: Caroline Matilda of Great Britain section title: Affair and scandal hierarchical section title: Caroline Matilda of Great Britain / Life / Affair and scandal caption reference description: Royal physician Johann Friedrich Struensee content: Caroline Matilda of Great Britain was by birth a Princess of Great Britain and member of the House of Hanover and by marriage Queen consort of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772.
The youngest and posthumous daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales, by Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Caroline Matilda was raised in a secluded family atmosphere away from the royal court. At the age of fifteen, she was married to her first cousin, King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway, who suffered from a mental illness and was cold to his wife throughout the marriage. She had two children: the future Frederick VI and Louise Augusta, whose biological father may have been the German physician Johann Friedrich Struensee.
In 1769, Struensee entered the service of the Danish king; initially Caroline Matilda treated him coldly, but he quickly won the Queen's heart and they began a love affair. Struensee gained more and more power and instituted a series of reforms that Caroline Matilda supported. Struensee's reforms and his relationship with the Queen generated powerful enemies, who included Christian VII's stepmother Queen Dowager Juliana Maria and her son Prince Frederick.

title: Johann Friedrich Struensee hierarchical section title: Johann Friedrich Struensee caption reference description: Posthumous portrait by Hans Hansen content: Johann Friedrich, Greve Struensee was a German physician, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government. He rose in power to a position of "de facto" regent of the country, where he tried to carry out widespread reforms. His affair with Queen Caroline Matilda caused a scandal, especially after the birth of a daughter, Princess Louise Augusta, and was the catalyst for the intrigues and power play that caused his downfall and dramatic death.


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title: Recovered Territories section title: History before 1945 hierarchical section title: Recovered Territories / History before 1945 caption reference description: Early Piast Poland at the death of Mieszko I in 992, who is considered as the first historical ruler of Poland and the creator of the Polish state, after his realm was recognized by the papacy. content: Recovered Territories was an official term used by the Polish People’s Republic to describe the territory of the former Free City of Danzig and the parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II.
The rationale for the term "Recovered" was that these territories formed part of the Polish state, and were lost by Poland in different periods over the centuries. It also referred to the Piast Concept that these territories were part of the traditional Polish homeland under the Piast dynasty, after the establishment of the state in the Middle Ages. Over the centuries, however, they had become predominantly German-speaking through the processes of German eastward settlement, political expansion, as well as language shift due to assimilation of local Polish, Slavic and Baltic Prussian population. Therefore, aside from certain regions such as West Upper Silesia, Warmia and Masuria, as of 1945 most of these territories did not contain sizeable Polish-speaking communities.
While most regions had long periods of Polish rule, spanning hundreds of years, some were controlled by Polish dukes and kings for short periods of up to several decades at a time.

title: Poland section title: Piast and Jagiellon dynasties hierarchical section title: Poland / History / Piast and Jagiellon dynasties caption reference description: Poland 960-992 content: Poland is a country in Central Europe. It is on the east of Germany. The Czech Republic and Slovakia are to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and the Russian exclave Kaliningrad to the north. The total land area of Poland is about 312,679 km², slightly larger than Oman. This makes Poland the 77th largest country in the world with over 38.5 million people. Most Polish people live in large cities, including the capital, Warsaw, Łódź, Cracow, the second capital of Poland, Szczecin, Gdańsk, Wrocław and Poznań.
The word "Poland" was written officially for the first time in 966. In 1569, Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At some point in its history, it was the largest state in Europe and became very influential. Much of the territory that now makes up Central European states used to belong to that Commonwealth. Eventually, after a slow decline, the Commonwealth collapsed in 1795. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I. In 1921, Poland defeated Soviet Russia in the Polish-Soviet War that started in 1919.


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title: Map hierarchical section title: Map caption reference description: World map from 2016 CIA World Factbook content: A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.
Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or fictional, without regard to context or scale, such as in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology mapping. The space being mapped may be two dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three dimensional, such as the interior of the earth, or even more abstract spaces of any dimension, such as arise in modeling phenomena having many independent variables.
Although the earliest maps known are of the heavens, geographic maps of territory have a very long tradition and exist from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant napkin or cloth and mundi the world. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a two-dimensional representation of the surface of the world.

title: The World Factbook section title: Entities listed hierarchical section title: The World Factbook / Entities listed caption reference description: Map of the world published by the CIA World Factbook in 2016 content: The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is available from the Government Printing Office. Other companies—such as Skyhorse Publishing—also print a paper edition. The Factbook is available in the form of a website that is partially updated every week. It is also available for download for use off-line. It provides a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, geography, communications, government, economy, and military of each of 267 international entities including U.S.-recognized countries, dependencies, and other areas in the world.
The World Factbook is prepared by the CIA for the use of U.S. government officials, and its style, format, coverage, and content are primarily designed to meet their requirements. However, it is frequently used as a resource for academic research papers and news articles. As a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain in the United States.

title: Geography hierarchical section title: Geography caption reference description: Map of Earth with country borders and big cities shown content: Geography is the study of earth and its people. Its features are things like continents, seas, rivers and mountains. Its inhabitants are all the people and animals that live on it. Its phenomena are the things that happen like tides, winds, and earthquakes.
A person who is an expert in geography is a geographer. A geographer tries to understand the world and the things that are in it, how they started and how they have changed.
Geography is divided into two main parts called physical geography and human geography. Physical geography studies the natural environment and human geography studies the human environment. The human environmental studies would include things such as the population in a country, how a country's economy is doing, and more. There is also environmental geography.
Maps are a main tool of geography, so geographers spend much time making and studying them. Making maps is called cartography, and people who specialize in making maps are cartographers.

title: Outline of geography hierarchical section title: Outline of geography caption reference description: A map of the world. content: The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:
Geography – study of earth and its people.


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title: Warren Fales Draper section title: Ancestry and early life hierarchical section title: Warren Fales Draper / Ancestry and early life caption reference description: Warren Draper as an athlete at Waban School content: Warren Fales Draper was Assistant Surgeon General and later Deputy Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service. After graduating from Harvard Medical School in 1910, Draper entered the Public Health Service, completing a two-year tour on the west coast followed by assignments near Washington D.C. During World War I he was commissioned by the U. S. Army as a sanitation officer, working at Camp Lee and Newport News, both in Virginia, and then conducting relief activities during influenza outbreaks in New England and Pennsylvania. Draper returned to the Public Health Service in 1919, and in 1922 was promoted to assistant surgeon general ahead of his peers. When the Virginia State Commissioner of Health died in 1931, the state's governor borrowed Draper to fill the position, which he did for three years. Five years after once again returning to the Public Health Service, in 1939, Draper was appointed as the Deputy Surgeon General, which position he held until his retirement.
During World War II, Draper was brought into the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general, and served in Europe under General Dwight D.


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title: Mooresburg School section title: History hierarchical section title: Mooresburg School / History caption reference description: Cupola caption attribution description: English: Mooresburg School in Mooresburg, Liberty Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania, United States. Built in 1875. This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 87002208 content: The Mooresburg School is a one-story building in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, USA, that was constructed in 1875 and rebuilt in 1891. It is a brick vernacular building measuring thirty-five feet by twenty-eight feet on a fieldstone foundation and is located on the south side of Pennsylvania Route 642 and Pennsylvania Route 45 one half mile east of Mooresburg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.


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title: Kamifūsen section title: Variations hierarchical section title: Kamifūsen / Variations caption reference description: Kamifusen being launched at a festival in Yamagata Prefecture caption attribution description: 日本語: 紙風船 content: Kamifūsen, refers to several types of paper balloons in Japanese culture. They are simple toys for children, advertising give-aways for traditional medicine companies, and illuminated flying balloons at festivals.
Smaller kamifūsen are popular as traditional children's toys in Japan. These kamifūsen have an open hole, and reinflate as they are bounced in play. The balloon is made of glassine paper known as washi, which is air-resistant, glossy and thin. The paper "has a degree of plasticity that allows it to deform easily and retain its resulting shape". The properties of these paper balloon toys are of interest to scientists.
Traditionally, kamifūsen were sold in dagishiya, small shops selling candy, snacks and inexpensive toys to schoolchildren as an alternative to the more expensive rubber balloon. They are now sold in souvenir shops and online.
Another variation, known as the kakufūsen is in the shape of a cube rather than a sphere, and is associated with the marketing campaigns of traditional medicine companies. Much larger kamifūsen, resembling sky lanterns, are flown each year at the Kamihinokinai Paper Balloon Festival in Semboku, Akita.


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title: Boris Schatz section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Boris Schatz / Biography caption reference description: Boris Schatz with his wife, Olga, and children caption attribution description: English: boris, olga, bezalel and zahara schatz content: Boris Schatz was a Lithuanian Jewish artist and sculptor who settled in Israel. Schatz, who became known as the "father of Israeli art," founded the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. After Schatz died, part of his art collection, including a famous self portrait by Dutch Master Jozef Israels, given to him by the artist, eventually became the nucleus of the Israel Museum.

title: Zahara Schatz section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Zahara Schatz / Biography caption reference description: Zahara Schatz with her parents and brother caption attribution description: English: boris, olga, bezalel and zahara schatz content: Zahara Schatz, was an Israeli artist. She was the daughter of Boris Schatz, who founded the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem.


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title: Frankie Manning hierarchical section title: Frankie Manning caption reference description: Manning in 2008 caption attribution description: English: Digitally enhanced Photograph of en:Frankie Manning taken on February 17, 2008 by Rich Werden content: Frankie Manning was an American dancer, choreographer and instructor. He helped develop the Lindy Hop, an American dance from Harlem, New York City.
At age 75, Manning received a 1989 Tony Award for co-choreographing Black and Blue, a musical on Broadway.
Manning wrote an autobiography, Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop.
Manning was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He died at age 94 in Manhattan, New York City.

title: Frankie Manning hierarchical section title: Frankie Manning caption reference description: Manning in 2008 caption attribution description: English: Digitally enhanced Photograph of en:Frankie Manning taken on February 17, 2008 by Rich Werden content: Frank Manning was an American dancer, instructor, and choreographer. Manning is considered one of the founders of Lindy Hop, an energetic form of the jazz dance style known as swing.


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title: Brisbane City Hall hierarchical section title: Brisbane City Hall caption reference description: Brisbane City Hall
m1(view from King George Square) caption attribution description: English: Brisbane City Hall and King George Square, Brisbane 12.2013 content: Brisbane City Hall, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is the seat of the Brisbane City Council. It is located adjacent to King George Square, where the rectangular City Hall has its main entrance. The City Hall also has frontages and entrances in both Ann Street and Adelaide Street. The building is considered one of Brisbane's finest and was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1978.
The building has been used for royal receptions, pageants, orchestral concerts, civic greetings, flower shows, school graduations and political meetings. In 2008, it was discovered that the building had severe structural problems. After a three-year restoration, it re-opened on 6 April 2013.

title: List of tallest clock towers hierarchical section title: List of tallest clock towers caption attribution description: English: Brisbane City Hall and King George Square, Brisbane 12.2013 content: A list of the tallest structures with clocks on their exterior that can be seen from the ground. The list includes various structures with a working clock face or faces on their exteriors. The first type of structure are proper Clock towers which are structures that fulfil the definition of a tower with a clock face or faces on the exterior wall or walls. Possibly the most famous example is the colloquially termed Big Ben. Some structures of this type were originally built as bell towers and had the clocks added later, such as the Springfield Campanille. Some clock towers of this type are freestanding, such as the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, while others are attached to, or on top of, buildings such as the tower on the Philadelphia City Hall. The second set of structures are buildings that had clock faces on the exterior as part of their original design such as the Wrigley Building. The third set of structures are buildings that have had a clock face or faces added after the original building was constructed such as the Palace of Culture and Science.

title: Tourism in Brisbane section title: Story Bridge hierarchical section title: Tourism in Brisbane / City landmarks / Story Bridge caption reference description: Brisbane City Hall caption attribution description: English: Brisbane City Hall and King George Square, Brisbane 12.2013 content: Tourism in Brisbane is an important industry for the Queensland economy, being the third-most popular destination for international tourists after Sydney and Melbourne.
Brisbane is a popular tourist destination, serving as a gateway to the state of Queensland, particularly to the Gold Coast and the Sunshine Coast, which are home to numerous popular surf beaches, located immediately south and north of Brisbane respectively. Major landmarks and attractions include South Bank Parklands, the Queensland Cultural Centre, City Hall, the Story Bridge, the City Botanic Gardens and Parliament of Queensland, the Howard Smith Wharves, ANZAC Square, Fortitude Valley, West End, the Teneriffe woolstores precinct, Roma Street Parkland, New Farm Park, St John's Cathedral, the Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, the Mount Coot-tha Lookout and Botanic Gardens, the D'Aguilar Range and National Park, the Brisbane River and its Riverwalk network, as well as Moreton Bay.


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title: Charles Taylor (Liberian politician) section title: Trial hierarchical section title: Charles Taylor (Liberian politician) / Trial caption reference description: Newsboard documenting the Charles Taylor case caption attribution description: English: MONROVIA, Liberia - A daily news chalk board in Monrovia, Liberia, displays the latest headlines on the trial of former Liberian president Charles Taylor at the International Criminal Court in The Hague, the Netherlands. Boards such as this are a main source of news in Monrovia, where many people do not have the financial resources to purchase a daily paper. Taylor is accused of war crimes in the neighboring country of Sierra Leone. This news edition from May 24, 2008, featured excerpts from the testimony of Moses Blah, former Vice President under Taylor, who denied having knowledge of Taylor’s participation in alleged crimes. (Photo by Lieutenant Colonel Terry VandenDolder, U.S. Africa Command) AFRICOM Photo ID 20080708130209 content: Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor is a Liberian former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003.
Born in Arthington, Montserrado County, Liberia, Taylor earned a degree at Bentley College in the United States before returning to Liberia to work in the government of Samuel Doe. After being removed for embezzlement, he eventually arrived in Libya, where he was trained as a guerrilla fighter. He returned to Liberia in 1989 as the head of a Libyan-backed rebel group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, to overthrow the Doe government, initiating the First Liberian Civil War. Following Doe's execution, Taylor gained control of a large portion of the country and became one of the most prominent warlords in Africa. Following a peace deal that ended the war, Taylor was elected president in the 1997 general election.
During his term of office, Taylor was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity as a result of his involvement in the Sierra Leone Civil War. Domestically, opposition to his government grew, culminating in the outbreak of the Second Liberian Civil War.

title: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1638 hierarchical section title: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1638 caption reference description: News on the trial of Charles Taylor in Monrovia caption attribution description: English: MONROVIA, Liberia - A daily news chalk board in Monrovia, Liberia, displays the latest headlines on the trial of former Liberian president Charles Taylor at the International Criminal Court in The Hague, the Netherlands. Boards such as this are a main source of news in Monrovia, where many people do not have the financial resources to purchase a daily paper. Taylor is accused of war crimes in the neighboring country of Sierra Leone. This news edition from May 24, 2008, featured excerpts from the testimony of Moses Blah, former Vice President under Taylor, who denied having knowledge of Taylor’s participation in alleged crimes. (Photo by Lieutenant Colonel Terry VandenDolder, U.S. Africa Command) AFRICOM Photo ID 20080708130209 content: United Nations Security Council resolution 1638, adopted unanimously on 11 November 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Liberia, Sierra Leone and West Africa, the Council included the apprehension, detention and transfer to the Special Court for Sierra Leone of former Liberian President Charles Taylor in the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Liberia.
Russian ambassador Andrey Denisov said the resolution would send a "strong signal" to Charles Taylor that he was to be arrested and stand trial.


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title: 1962 Intercontinental Cup section title: Second leg hierarchical section title: 1962 Intercontinental Cup / Second leg caption reference description: Both teams lining up before the second match content: The 1962 Intercontinental Cup was a football tie held over two legs between Brazilian club Santos, winners of the 1962 Copa Libertadores, and Portuguese club Benfica, winners of the 1961–62 European Cup. Santos won the Intercontinental Cup for the first time.
The tie is remembered as pitching Brazilian player Pelé against Portuguese player Eusébio, two of the leading players of the 1960s, who played against each other on only three occasions. Pelé considered the second leg, Santos' 5–2 win in Lisbon, in which he scored a hat-trick, to be the greatest performance of his career.


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title: Battle of Morgarten hierarchical section title: Battle of Morgarten caption attribution description: Deutsch: Die Schlacht am Morgarten 1315 (mit dem Hofnarren Kuony von Stocken). English: The Battle of Morgarten on 15 November 1315 (with a depiction of the court jester Kuony von Stocken). content: The Battle of Morgarten occurred on 15 November 1315, when a 1,500-strong force from the Swiss Confederacy ambushed an army of Habsburg soldiers and knights on the shores of Lake Ägeri near the Morgarten Pass in Switzerland. The Swiss, led by Werner Stauffacher, defeated the Habsburg troops, who were under the command of Duke Leopold I. The Swiss victory consolidated the Eternal League of the Three Forest Cantons, which formed the core of modern Switzerland.

title: History of Uri section title: Formation of the Confederacy hierarchical section title: History of Uri / Old Swiss Confederacy / Formation of the Confederacy caption reference description: Battle of Morgarten caption attribution description: Deutsch: Die Schlacht am Morgarten 1315 (mit dem Hofnarren Kuony von Stocken). English: The Battle of Morgarten on 15 November 1315 (with a depiction of the court jester Kuony von Stocken). content: Uri is a Swiss Talschaft and canton in the upper Reuss valley.
First mentioned in the 8th century, it gained strategic importance with the opening of the Gotthard Pass in the 13th century and was a founding member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the late medieval period.

title: Canton of Obwalden section title: The Old Swiss Confederation hierarchical section title: Canton of Obwalden / History / The Old Swiss Confederation caption reference description: Battle of Morgarten from the Tschachtlanchronik of 1470 caption attribution description: Deutsch: Die Schlacht am Morgarten 1315 (mit dem Hofnarren Kuony von Stocken). English: The Battle of Morgarten on 15 November 1315 (with a depiction of the court jester Kuony von Stocken). content: The canton of Obwalden, also canton of Obwald is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. Its capital is Sarnen. The canton contains the geographical centre of Switzerland.

title: Tschachtlanchronik hierarchical section title: Tschachtlanchronik caption reference description: An illustration of the 1315 Battle of Morgarten caption attribution description: Deutsch: Die Schlacht am Morgarten 1315 (mit dem Hofnarren Kuony von Stocken). English: The Battle of Morgarten on 15 November 1315 (with a depiction of the court jester Kuony von Stocken). content: The Tschachtlanchronik of 1470 is the oldest of the still existing Swiss illustrated chronicles, compiled by Bendicht Tschachtlan and Heinrich Dittlinger of Berne. The chronicle is now kept in Zentralbibliothek Zürich, where a facsimile can be viewed.
It consists of a paper manuscript including some 230 coloured illustrations, most of them full page. Two hundred of the illustrations show war scenes; the remaining show everyday life, both rural and in towns, and also scenes in the royal court. In the epilogue, the two authors declare that the work was finished in 1470.


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title: Eddie Mahan hierarchical section title: Eddie Mahan caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: Edward William Mahan was an American football player. While playing halfback for Harvard, Mahan was selected as a first-team All-American three consecutive years from 1913 to 1915. He was widely regarded as one of the greatest football players in the first 50 years of the sport and was named by Jim Thorpe as the greatest football player of all time. In 1951, he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame as part of the first group of inductees.

title: 1915 College Football All-America Team section title: Fullbacks hierarchical section title: 1915 College Football All-America Team / All-Americans of 1915 / Fullbacks caption reference description: Harvard's three-time All-American fullback Eddie Mahan was rated by Jim Thorpe as the best player he ever faced. caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: The 1915 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1915 college football season. The only selectors for the 1915 season who have been recognized as "official" by the National Collegiate Athletic Association are Walter Camp, whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly, and the International News Service, a newswire founded by William Randolph Hearst.
Although not recognized by the NCAA, many other sports writers, newspapers, and coaches selected All-America teams in 1915. They include Parke H. Davis, Walter Eckersall, and Fielding H. Yost.

title: 1913 College Football All-America Team section title: Consensus All-Americans hierarchical section title: 1913 College Football All-America Team / Consensus All-Americans caption reference description: Eddie Mahan of Harvard caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: The 1913 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1913 college football season. The only two selectors who have been recognized as "official" selectors by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for the 1913 season are Walter Camp and the International News Service. Camp's All-America Team was published in Collier's Weekly. The INS was founded in 1909 by William Randolph Hearst, and its sports editor Frank G. Menke selected the INS All-America team. Other sports writers, newspapers, coaches selecting All-America teams in 1913 included Harper's Weekly, Fielding H. Yost, and Parke H. Davis.

title: Harvard Crimson football section title: All-Americans hierarchical section title: Harvard Crimson football / All-Americans caption reference description: Three-time All-American Eddie Mahan was named by Jim Thorpe as the greatest football player of all time. caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: The Harvard Crimson football program represents Harvard University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. Harvard's football program is one of the oldest in the world, having begun competing in the sport in 1873. The Crimson has a legacy that includes 13 national championships and 20 College Football Hall of Fame inductees, including the first African-American college football player William H. Lewis, Huntington "Tack" Hardwick, Barry Wood, Percy Haughton, and Eddie Mahan. Harvard is the eighth winningest team in NCAA Division I football history.

title: 1914 College Football All-America Team section title: Quarterbacks hierarchical section title: 1914 College Football All-America Team / All-Americans of 1914 / Quarterbacks caption reference description: Harvard halfback Eddie Mahan caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: The 1914 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans for the 1914 college football season. The only selectors for the 1914 season who have been recognized as "official" by the National Collegiate Athletic Association are Walter Camp, whose selections were published in Collier's Weekly, and the International News Service, a newswire founded by William Randolph Hearst.
Although not recognized by the NCAA, many other sports writers, newspapers, and coaches selected All-America teams in 1914. They include Vanity Fair, Parke H. Davis, Walter Eckersall, The New York Globe, the New York Herald, the New York Evening Mail, the Atlanta Constitution, the Detroit Evening News, The Boston Post, and The Philadelphia Inquirer.

title: Drop kick section title: NFL hierarchical section title: Drop kick / American and Canadian (gridiron) football / NFL caption reference description: Eddie Mahan preparing to drop kick. caption attribution description: English: Photo of Eddie Mahan, American football player ca. 1915. content: A drop kick is a type of kick in various codes of football. It involves a player dropping the ball and then kicking it after it bounces off the ground.
Drop kicks are most importantly used as a method of restarting play and scoring points in rugby union and rugby league. Also, association football goalkeepers often return the ball to play with drop kicks. The kick was once in wide use in both Australian rules football and gridiron football, but is today rarely seen in either sport.


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title: Grand Paris Express section title: Rolling stock hierarchical section title: Grand Paris Express / Line 14 extension / Rolling stock caption reference description: 1/10 scale model of the new m2 metro in Lausanne, of the same type as for line 14 caption attribution description: English: Model of M2 Lausanne metro trainset content: Grand Paris Express is a group of new rapid transit lines being built in the Île-de-France region of France. The project comprises four new lines, plus extensions of existing Lines 11 and 14. A total of 200 kilometres of new track and 68 new stations are to be added, serving a projected 2 million passengers a day.
The new lines were originally indexed by colour, but this changed in 2013 to continue the numbering convention that the RATP uses. The new lines are therefore now known as 15, 16, 17 and 18. They are planned to open in stages through 2030.
Since August 2013, the New Grand Paris steering committee has met once a trimester. The first public inquiry, focused on the southern section of Line 15 from Pont de Sèvres to Noisy–Champs, was held from October to mid-November, 2013. Work on line 15 began in 2015, with its first section scheduled to open around 2020 between Pont de Sèvres Métro station and Noisy–Champs RER A station. This line was first proposed in the Orbival project, then integrated into the Arc Express.

title: Paris Métro Line 14 section title: Future hierarchical section title: Paris Métro Line 14 / Future caption reference description: 1/10 scale model of the new m2 metro in Lausanne, of the same type as the Paris line 14 caption attribution description: English: Model of M2 Lausanne metro trainset content: Paris Métro Line 14 is one of the sixteen lines on the Paris Métro. It connects the stations Saint-Lazare and Olympiades on a north-west south-east diagonal across the centre of Paris. It was operated completely automatically from the beginning, and the very positive return of that experiment motivated the retrofitting of Line 1 for full automation. Before being put into commercial service Line 14 was known as project Météor, an acronym of MÉTro Est-Ouest Rapide.
The line is also occasionally used as a showcase for the expertise of the RATP, its operator, and Systra and Siemens Transportation Systems, constructors of the rolling stock and automated equipment respectively when they bid internationally to build metro systems. In March 2014 the first of 18 MP 05 trains went into revenue service on Line 14. The STIF purchased these trains to improve service along the line and prepare the extension to the north in 2017. These trains will continue to enter service through 2015. The line is expected to be part of the Grand Paris Express rapid transit network and to be extended north and south for this project.


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title: Humpy Wheeler hierarchical section title: Humpy Wheeler caption reference description: Wheeler in 2010 caption attribution description: NASCAR track operator and personality w:Humpy Wheeler at a 2010 National Motorsports Press Association event in 2010. Photo by Ted VanPelt creative commons license. content: Howard Augustine "Humpy" Wheeler is the former President and General Manager of Charlotte Motor Speedway, one of the premier auto racing venues owned by Bruton Smith's Speedway Motorsports, Inc. Better known as H.A. or "Humpy" Wheeler, he has long been known as one of the foremost promoters of NASCAR auto racing.


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title: Zugarramurdi section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Zugarramurdi / Gallery caption attribution description: Español: Vista parcial del pueblo de Zugarrurdi content: Zugarramurdi is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain. It passed into history as the setting of alleged occult activity featured in the infamous Basque witch trials held in Logroño in the seventeenth century. The town is home to the Basque witch museum and the Witch Caves. Every year, spectacular fires are lit in the caves near Zugarramurdi for the celebration of the ‘day of the witch’ on the summer solstice.


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title: Einojuhani Rautavaara section title: Life hierarchical section title: Einojuhani Rautavaara / Life caption reference description: Rautavaara with his wife, Mariaheidi, and their two children in 1961 caption attribution description: English: Photograph of the family of Einojuhani and Mariaheidi Rautavaara in 1961. content: Einojuhani Rautavaara was a Finnish composer of classical music. He is among the most notable Finnish composers since Jean Sibelius.
Rautavaara wrote a great number of works spanning various styles. These include eight symphonies, nine operas and twelve concertos, as well as numerous vocal and chamber works. Having written early works using 12-tone serial techniques, his later music may be described as neo-romantic and mystical. His major works include his first piano concerto, Cantus Arcticus and his seventh symphony, Angel of Light.


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title: After the Thin Man section title: Cast hierarchical section title: After the Thin Man / Cast caption attribution description: Cropped screenshot of James Stewart from the trailer for After the Thin Man content: After the Thin Man is a 1936 American comedy film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and starring William Powell, Myrna Loy, and James Stewart. A sequel to the 1934 film The Thin Man, the film presents Powell and Loy as Dashiell Hammett's characters Nick and Nora Charles. The film also features Elissa Landi, Joseph Calleia, Jessie Ralph, Alan Marshal, and Penny Singleton.

title: James Stewart section title: Leading man (1938–1941) hierarchical section title: James Stewart / Career / Leading man (1938–1941) caption reference description: After the Thin Man (1936) trailer caption attribution description: Cropped screenshot of James Stewart from the trailer for After the Thin Man content: James Maitland Stewart was an American actor and military officer. Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart had a film career that spanned over 55 years from 1935 and 1991 and 80 films. With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off the screen, Stewart epitomized the "American ideal" in twentieth-century United States. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him third on its list of the greatest American male actors.
Born and raised in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Stewart started acting while studying at Princeton University. After graduating in 1932, he began a career as a stage actor, appearing on Broadway and in summer stock productions. In 1935, he signed a film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The studio did not see leading man material in Stewart, but after three years of supporting roles and being loaned out to other studios, he had his big breakthrough in Frank Capra's ensemble comedy You Can't Take It with You. The following year, Stewart garnered his first of five Academy Award nominations for his portrayal of an idealized and virtuous man who becomes a senator in Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.


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title: STS-79 section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: STS-79 / Gallery caption attribution description: English: The Space Shuttle Atlantis begins the slow journey to Launch Pad 39A from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) in preparation for the launch of STS-79 in 16 September 1996. This dramatic view looking directly down onto the shuttle stack atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) and crawler-transporter was taken from the VAB roof approximately 525 feet (160 meters) above the ground. In view are the Orbiter, orange External Tank and twin white Solid Rocket Boosters. Español: El transbordador espacial Atlantis comienza el lento viaje a la plataforma de lanzamiento 39A desde el Edificio de Ensamblaje de Vehículos (VAB) en preparación para el lanzamiento de STS-79 el 16 de septiembre de 1996 en el Centro espacial John F. Kennedy, Florida, Estados Unidos. Vista desde el techo del VAB, a una altura de aproximadamente 160 metros sobre el suelo, que muestra el transbordador espacial, el tanque externo (ET) anaranjado y los dos cohetes aceleradores sólidos recuperables (SRB). Français : La navette Atlantis| vue d'en haut. Photo prise depuis le sommet du VAB (Vehicle Assembly Building, bâtiment d'assemblage des navettes), de la navette Atlantis montée sur son transporteur la conduisant vers sa rampe de lancement. Le sommet du VAB est situé à 160 m au dessus du sol. Polski: Wahadłowiec Atlantis rozpoczynający krótką podróż z montowni (VAB) na platformę startową nr 39A w związku z przygotowaniami do startu misji STS-79, który nastąpił 16 września 1996 roku. Ten dramatyczny, skierowany bezpośrednio w dół widok na wahadłowiec stojący na ruchomej platformie startowej (MLP) uzyskano z dachu budynku montowni, z wysokości około 160 m nad ziemią. Widoczne są orbiter, pamarańczowy zewnętrzy zbiornik na paliwo oraz dwie rakiety wspomagające. Українська: Шаттл «Атлантіс» під час транспортування на стартовий майданчик LC-39A місії STS-79 (16 вересня 1996), знімок зроблено з висоти 160 м. Български: Поглед към космическата совалка Атлантис преди началото на мисията STS-79 на 16 септември 1996 г. Снимката е направена от покрива на монтажния център (от 160 m височина) и показва совалката, монтирана върху мобилната платформа за изстрелване, с която ще бъде транспортирана бавно до стартовата площадка LC-39A. На снимката се виждат още оранжевият външен резервоар и двата бели реактивни ускорителя на ракетата-носител. Čeština: Raketoplán Atlantis na své pomalé cestě ke startovacímu komplexu 39 ve Vesmírném středisku Johna F. Kennedyho na mysu Canaveral při přípravě na misi STS-79 dne 16. září 1996. Přeprava se uskutečnila pomocí pojízdné odpalovací plošiny (Mobile Launcher Platform) z jejíhož vrcholku ve výšce 160 m byl pořízen tento snímek. Magyar: Az STS–79 küldetést szállító Atlantis űrrepülőgép útban a Kennedy Űrközpont 39. indítóállására Italiano: Lo Space Shuttle Atlantis ripreso durante la lentissima fase di trasferimento che lo porta dal Vehicle Assembly Building alla rampa di lancio 39A per la missione STS-79 del 16 settembre 1996. 한국어: 애틀랜티스 우주왕복선은 1996년 9월 16일의 STS-79의 발사 준비를 위해 우주왕복선 조립공장(VAB, Vehicle Assembly Building)으로부터 케네디 우주 센터 발사 시설 39로의 느린 여정을 시작한다. 이동 발사대 플랫폼과 저속 수송차량(crawler-transporter) 위에 올려진 셔틀을 바로 내려다보는 인상적인 광경은 지상 위 약 160 m 의 VAB의 지붕에서 촬영한 것이다. 그림에는 오비터(셔틀), 오렌지색 외부 탱크와 백색 쌍둥이 고체 로켓 부스터가 보인다. Македонски: Шатлот „Атлантис“ на лансирна рампа во 1996 г. Nederlands: Bovenaanzicht van de spaceshuttle Atlantis die met de crawler-transporter naar lanceerplatform 39A gebracht wordt Português: O ônibus espacial Atlantis inicia a lenta viagem do Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) até o complexo de lançamento 39A se preparando para a realização da missão da NASA STS-79 em 16 de setembro de 1996, parte do programa conjunto russo-americano Shuttle-Mir. content: STS-79 was the 17th flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis, and the 79th mission of the Space Shuttle program. The flight saw Atlantis dock with the Russian space station Mir to deliver equipment, supplies and relief personnel. A variety of scientific experiments were also conducted aboard Atlantis by her crew. It was the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with a fully assembled Mir, and the fourth rendezvous of a shuttle to the space station.

title: Crawler-transporter section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Crawler-transporter / Gallery caption attribution description: English: The Space Shuttle Atlantis begins the slow journey to Launch Pad 39A from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) in preparation for the launch of STS-79 in 16 September 1996. This dramatic view looking directly down onto the shuttle stack atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) and crawler-transporter was taken from the VAB roof approximately 525 feet (160 meters) above the ground. In view are the Orbiter, orange External Tank and twin white Solid Rocket Boosters. Español: El transbordador espacial Atlantis comienza el lento viaje a la plataforma de lanzamiento 39A desde el Edificio de Ensamblaje de Vehículos (VAB) en preparación para el lanzamiento de STS-79 el 16 de septiembre de 1996 en el Centro espacial John F. Kennedy, Florida, Estados Unidos. Vista desde el techo del VAB, a una altura de aproximadamente 160 metros sobre el suelo, que muestra el transbordador espacial, el tanque externo (ET) anaranjado y los dos cohetes aceleradores sólidos recuperables (SRB). Français : La navette Atlantis| vue d'en haut. Photo prise depuis le sommet du VAB (Vehicle Assembly Building, bâtiment d'assemblage des navettes), de la navette Atlantis montée sur son transporteur la conduisant vers sa rampe de lancement. Le sommet du VAB est situé à 160 m au dessus du sol. Polski: Wahadłowiec Atlantis rozpoczynający krótką podróż z montowni (VAB) na platformę startową nr 39A w związku z przygotowaniami do startu misji STS-79, który nastąpił 16 września 1996 roku. Ten dramatyczny, skierowany bezpośrednio w dół widok na wahadłowiec stojący na ruchomej platformie startowej (MLP) uzyskano z dachu budynku montowni, z wysokości około 160 m nad ziemią. Widoczne są orbiter, pamarańczowy zewnętrzy zbiornik na paliwo oraz dwie rakiety wspomagające. Українська: Шаттл «Атлантіс» під час транспортування на стартовий майданчик LC-39A місії STS-79 (16 вересня 1996), знімок зроблено з висоти 160 м. Български: Поглед към космическата совалка Атлантис преди началото на мисията STS-79 на 16 септември 1996 г. Снимката е направена от покрива на монтажния център (от 160 m височина) и показва совалката, монтирана върху мобилната платформа за изстрелване, с която ще бъде транспортирана бавно до стартовата площадка LC-39A. На снимката се виждат още оранжевият външен резервоар и двата бели реактивни ускорителя на ракетата-носител. Čeština: Raketoplán Atlantis na své pomalé cestě ke startovacímu komplexu 39 ve Vesmírném středisku Johna F. Kennedyho na mysu Canaveral při přípravě na misi STS-79 dne 16. září 1996. Přeprava se uskutečnila pomocí pojízdné odpalovací plošiny (Mobile Launcher Platform) z jejíhož vrcholku ve výšce 160 m byl pořízen tento snímek. Magyar: Az STS–79 küldetést szállító Atlantis űrrepülőgép útban a Kennedy Űrközpont 39. indítóállására Italiano: Lo Space Shuttle Atlantis ripreso durante la lentissima fase di trasferimento che lo porta dal Vehicle Assembly Building alla rampa di lancio 39A per la missione STS-79 del 16 settembre 1996. 한국어: 애틀랜티스 우주왕복선은 1996년 9월 16일의 STS-79의 발사 준비를 위해 우주왕복선 조립공장(VAB, Vehicle Assembly Building)으로부터 케네디 우주 센터 발사 시설 39로의 느린 여정을 시작한다. 이동 발사대 플랫폼과 저속 수송차량(crawler-transporter) 위에 올려진 셔틀을 바로 내려다보는 인상적인 광경은 지상 위 약 160 m 의 VAB의 지붕에서 촬영한 것이다. 그림에는 오비터(셔틀), 오렌지색 외부 탱크와 백색 쌍둥이 고체 로켓 부스터가 보인다. Македонски: Шатлот „Атлантис“ на лансирна рампа во 1996 г. Nederlands: Bovenaanzicht van de spaceshuttle Atlantis die met de crawler-transporter naar lanceerplatform 39A gebracht wordt Português: O ônibus espacial Atlantis inicia a lenta viagem do Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) até o complexo de lançamento 39A se preparando para a realização da missão da NASA STS-79 em 16 de setembro de 1996, parte do programa conjunto russo-americano Shuttle-Mir. content: The crawler-transporters, formally known as the Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities, are a pair of tracked vehicles used to transport spacecraft from NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building along the Crawlerway to Launch Complex 39. They were originally used to transport the Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets during the Apollo, Skylab and Apollo–Soyuz programs. They were then used to transport Space Shuttles from 1981 to 2011. The crawler-transporters carry vehicles on the Mobile launcher platforms used by NASA, and after each launch return to the pad to take the platform back to the VAB.
The two crawler-transporters were designed and built by Marion Power Shovel Company using components designed and built by Rockwell International at a cost of US$14 million each. Upon its construction, the crawler-transporter became the largest self-powered land vehicle in the world. While other vehicles such as bucket-wheel excavators like Bagger 293, dragline excavators like Big Muskie and power shovels like The Captain are significantly larger, they are powered by external sources.
The two crawler-transporters were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 2000.

title: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) section title: 1980s and the early 1990s (1980–1991) hierarchical section title: Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) / Cold War (1946–1991) / 1980s and the early 1990s (1980–1991) caption reference description: The Space Shuttle: World's most complex machine caption attribution description: English: The Space Shuttle Atlantis begins the slow journey to Launch Pad 39A from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) in preparation for the launch of STS-79 in 16 September 1996. This dramatic view looking directly down onto the shuttle stack atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) and crawler-transporter was taken from the VAB roof approximately 525 feet (160 meters) above the ground. In view are the Orbiter, orange External Tank and twin white Solid Rocket Boosters. Español: El transbordador espacial Atlantis comienza el lento viaje a la plataforma de lanzamiento 39A desde el Edificio de Ensamblaje de Vehículos (VAB) en preparación para el lanzamiento de STS-79 el 16 de septiembre de 1996 en el Centro espacial John F. Kennedy, Florida, Estados Unidos. Vista desde el techo del VAB, a una altura de aproximadamente 160 metros sobre el suelo, que muestra el transbordador espacial, el tanque externo (ET) anaranjado y los dos cohetes aceleradores sólidos recuperables (SRB). Français : La navette Atlantis| vue d'en haut. Photo prise depuis le sommet du VAB (Vehicle Assembly Building, bâtiment d'assemblage des navettes), de la navette Atlantis montée sur son transporteur la conduisant vers sa rampe de lancement. Le sommet du VAB est situé à 160 m au dessus du sol. Polski: Wahadłowiec Atlantis rozpoczynający krótką podróż z montowni (VAB) na platformę startową nr 39A w związku z przygotowaniami do startu misji STS-79, który nastąpił 16 września 1996 roku. Ten dramatyczny, skierowany bezpośrednio w dół widok na wahadłowiec stojący na ruchomej platformie startowej (MLP) uzyskano z dachu budynku montowni, z wysokości około 160 m nad ziemią. Widoczne są orbiter, pamarańczowy zewnętrzy zbiornik na paliwo oraz dwie rakiety wspomagające. Українська: Шаттл «Атлантіс» під час транспортування на стартовий майданчик LC-39A місії STS-79 (16 вересня 1996), знімок зроблено з висоти 160 м. Български: Поглед към космическата совалка Атлантис преди началото на мисията STS-79 на 16 септември 1996 г. Снимката е направена от покрива на монтажния център (от 160 m височина) и показва совалката, монтирана върху мобилната платформа за изстрелване, с която ще бъде транспортирана бавно до стартовата площадка LC-39A. На снимката се виждат още оранжевият външен резервоар и двата бели реактивни ускорителя на ракетата-носител. Čeština: Raketoplán Atlantis na své pomalé cestě ke startovacímu komplexu 39 ve Vesmírném středisku Johna F. Kennedyho na mysu Canaveral při přípravě na misi STS-79 dne 16. září 1996. Přeprava se uskutečnila pomocí pojízdné odpalovací plošiny (Mobile Launcher Platform) z jejíhož vrcholku ve výšce 160 m byl pořízen tento snímek. Magyar: Az STS–79 küldetést szállító Atlantis űrrepülőgép útban a Kennedy Űrközpont 39. indítóállására Italiano: Lo Space Shuttle Atlantis ripreso durante la lentissima fase di trasferimento che lo porta dal Vehicle Assembly Building alla rampa di lancio 39A per la missione STS-79 del 16 settembre 1996. 한국어: 애틀랜티스 우주왕복선은 1996년 9월 16일의 STS-79의 발사 준비를 위해 우주왕복선 조립공장(VAB, Vehicle Assembly Building)으로부터 케네디 우주 센터 발사 시설 39로의 느린 여정을 시작한다. 이동 발사대 플랫폼과 저속 수송차량(crawler-transporter) 위에 올려진 셔틀을 바로 내려다보는 인상적인 광경은 지상 위 약 160 m 의 VAB의 지붕에서 촬영한 것이다. 그림에는 오비터(셔틀), 오렌지색 외부 탱크와 백색 쌍둥이 고체 로켓 부스터가 보인다. Македонски: Шатлот „Атлантис“ на лансирна рампа во 1996 г. Nederlands: Bovenaanzicht van de spaceshuttle Atlantis die met de crawler-transporter naar lanceerplatform 39A gebracht wordt Português: O ônibus espacial Atlantis inicia a lenta viagem do Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) até o complexo de lançamento 39A se preparando para a realização da missão da NASA STS-79 em 16 de setembro de 1996, parte do programa conjunto russo-americano Shuttle-Mir. content: A timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the era of the Cold War, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 into law which proclaimed that patents were to be authorized for "any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used."

title: Shuttle–Mir program section title: Space Shuttle hierarchical section title: Shuttle–Mir program / Background / Space Shuttle caption reference description: An overhead view of Atlantis as it sits atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) before STS-79 caption attribution description: English: The Space Shuttle Atlantis begins the slow journey to Launch Pad 39A from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) in preparation for the launch of STS-79 in 16 September 1996. This dramatic view looking directly down onto the shuttle stack atop the Mobile Launcher Platform (MLP) and crawler-transporter was taken from the VAB roof approximately 525 feet (160 meters) above the ground. In view are the Orbiter, orange External Tank and twin white Solid Rocket Boosters. Español: El transbordador espacial Atlantis comienza el lento viaje a la plataforma de lanzamiento 39A desde el Edificio de Ensamblaje de Vehículos (VAB) en preparación para el lanzamiento de STS-79 el 16 de septiembre de 1996 en el Centro espacial John F. Kennedy, Florida, Estados Unidos. Vista desde el techo del VAB, a una altura de aproximadamente 160 metros sobre el suelo, que muestra el transbordador espacial, el tanque externo (ET) anaranjado y los dos cohetes aceleradores sólidos recuperables (SRB). Français : La navette Atlantis| vue d'en haut. Photo prise depuis le sommet du VAB (Vehicle Assembly Building, bâtiment d'assemblage des navettes), de la navette Atlantis montée sur son transporteur la conduisant vers sa rampe de lancement. Le sommet du VAB est situé à 160 m au dessus du sol. Polski: Wahadłowiec Atlantis rozpoczynający krótką podróż z montowni (VAB) na platformę startową nr 39A w związku z przygotowaniami do startu misji STS-79, który nastąpił 16 września 1996 roku. Ten dramatyczny, skierowany bezpośrednio w dół widok na wahadłowiec stojący na ruchomej platformie startowej (MLP) uzyskano z dachu budynku montowni, z wysokości około 160 m nad ziemią. Widoczne są orbiter, pamarańczowy zewnętrzy zbiornik na paliwo oraz dwie rakiety wspomagające. Українська: Шаттл «Атлантіс» під час транспортування на стартовий майданчик LC-39A місії STS-79 (16 вересня 1996), знімок зроблено з висоти 160 м. Български: Поглед към космическата совалка Атлантис преди началото на мисията STS-79 на 16 септември 1996 г. Снимката е направена от покрива на монтажния център (от 160 m височина) и показва совалката, монтирана върху мобилната платформа за изстрелване, с която ще бъде транспортирана бавно до стартовата площадка LC-39A. На снимката се виждат още оранжевият външен резервоар и двата бели реактивни ускорителя на ракетата-носител. Čeština: Raketoplán Atlantis na své pomalé cestě ke startovacímu komplexu 39 ve Vesmírném středisku Johna F. Kennedyho na mysu Canaveral při přípravě na misi STS-79 dne 16. září 1996. Přeprava se uskutečnila pomocí pojízdné odpalovací plošiny (Mobile Launcher Platform) z jejíhož vrcholku ve výšce 160 m byl pořízen tento snímek. Magyar: Az STS–79 küldetést szállító Atlantis űrrepülőgép útban a Kennedy Űrközpont 39. indítóállására Italiano: Lo Space Shuttle Atlantis ripreso durante la lentissima fase di trasferimento che lo porta dal Vehicle Assembly Building alla rampa di lancio 39A per la missione STS-79 del 16 settembre 1996. 한국어: 애틀랜티스 우주왕복선은 1996년 9월 16일의 STS-79의 발사 준비를 위해 우주왕복선 조립공장(VAB, Vehicle Assembly Building)으로부터 케네디 우주 센터 발사 시설 39로의 느린 여정을 시작한다. 이동 발사대 플랫폼과 저속 수송차량(crawler-transporter) 위에 올려진 셔틀을 바로 내려다보는 인상적인 광경은 지상 위 약 160 m 의 VAB의 지붕에서 촬영한 것이다. 그림에는 오비터(셔틀), 오렌지색 외부 탱크와 백색 쌍둥이 고체 로켓 부스터가 보인다. Македонски: Шатлот „Атлантис“ на лансирна рампа во 1996 г. Nederlands: Bovenaanzicht van de spaceshuttle Atlantis die met de crawler-transporter naar lanceerplatform 39A gebracht wordt Português: O ônibus espacial Atlantis inicia a lenta viagem do Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) até o complexo de lançamento 39A se preparando para a realização da missão da NASA STS-79 em 16 de setembro de 1996, parte do programa conjunto russo-americano Shuttle-Mir. caption alt text description: An overhead view of a spaceplane, coloured white on its topside and black on its underside, attached to a large orange tank, to which two slender white rockets are also attached. A gray platform supporting this stack serves as the background. content: The Shuttle–Mir program was a collaborative 11-mission space program between Russia and the United States that involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.
The project, sometimes called "Phase One", was intended to allow the United States to learn from Russian experience with long-duration spaceflight and to foster a spirit of cooperation between the two nations and their space agencies, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Russian Federal Space Agency. The project helped to prepare the way for further cooperative space ventures; specifically, "Phase Two" of the joint project, the construction of the International Space Station. The program was announced in 1993, the first mission started in 1994 and the project continued until its scheduled completion in 1998. Eleven Space Shuttle missions, a joint Soyuz flight and almost 1000 cumulative days in space for American astronauts occurred over the course of seven long-duration expeditions.


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title: Flathead Indian Reservation section title: Geography and ecology hierarchical section title: Flathead Indian Reservation / Geography and ecology caption reference description: Angelic La Moose, 1913, on the Flathead Reservation, wearing traditional clothing made by her mother content: The Flathead Indian Reservation, located in western Montana on the Flathead River, is home to the Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai, and Pend d'Oreilles tribes – also known as the
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation. The reservation was created through the July 16, 1855, Treaty of Hellgate.
It has land in four of Montana's counties: Lake, Sanders, Missoula, and Flathead, and controls most of Flathead Lake. The Flathead Indian Reservation, west of the Continental Divide, consists of 1,938 square miles of forested mountains and valleys.


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title: Neha Ahuja section title: Personal life hierarchical section title: Neha Ahuja / Personal life caption reference description: Picture of Neha Ahuja taken in 2019. caption attribution description: English: Picture of Neha Ahuja taken in 2019. content: Neha Ahuja is an Indian alpine skier who represented India in the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Torino, Italy. Ahuja was also the flag bearer in the opening and closing ceremonies. She has achieved several milestones in skiing for India. She is the first Indian woman to have qualified for the Winter Olympics. She is also the first woman to qualify for both the slalom and giant slalom events in the Olympics. Ahuja was one of the four Indians competing at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She placed 51st. Her older sister Shefali Ahuja represented India in the 3rd Winter Asian games held in Harbin, China, and her younger sister Swati Ahuja participated in the fourth season of MTV Roadies.


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title: Sean Green (baseball) hierarchical section title: Sean Green (baseball) caption reference description: Green pitching for Milwaukee in 2011. content: Sean William Green is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky.


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title: Chris Buck (photographer) hierarchical section title: Chris Buck (photographer) caption reference description: Photographer Chris Buck, at the NYC wrap party for the exhibition for the UNEASY book. May 4, 2017. caption attribution description: English: Photographer Chris Buck, at the NYC wrap party for his book UNEASY. May 4, 2017. content: Chris Buck is a New York-based photographer known for his unconventional portraits.


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title: Isis Junction railway station section title: History hierarchical section title: Isis Junction railway station / History caption reference description: Estate map for Isistown, Isis Queensland, 1886 content: The Isis Junction railway station is a former railway station on the North Coast railway line in Buxton, Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. It was the junction for the former Isis railway line that served the Shire of Isis.


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title: Butrimonys section title: Butrimonys massacre hierarchical section title: Butrimonys / Butrimonys massacre caption reference description: Farewell letter written in 1941 by Khone Boyarski. caption attribution description: English: Letter written in 1941 by Khone Boyarski, a Jewish man who evaded arrest in Butrimonys. In it, he assailed the German perpetrators and their Lithuanian collaborators for their crimes. Boyarski entrusted the letter to a peasant who hid him briefly. Boyarski was later killed. content: Butrimonys is a small town in Alytus County in southern Lithuania. In 2011 it had a population of 941.


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title: Caha Mountains hierarchical section title: Caha Mountains caption attribution description: Sugar Loaf Mountain. Glengariff. Co. Cork Ireland content: The Caha Mountains are a range of low sandstone mountains situated on the Beara peninsula in south-west County Cork, in Ireland. The highest peak is Hungry Hill, 685 m tall. Other notable peaks include Knocknagree, Sugarloaf Mountain, Eskatarriff, Knocknaveacal, Derryclancy, Nareera, Killane Mountain and Baurearagh Mountain.


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title: Eva Perón section title: Early relationship with Juan Perón hierarchical section title: Eva Perón / Early relationship with Juan Perón caption reference description: Official portrait of Juan Domingo Perón and Evita, by Numa Ayrinhac in 1948. He is the only Argentine President to be accompanied by the First Lady in an official portrait. caption attribution description: English: The official portrait of President Juan Domingo Perón, wearing a presidential sash as a symbol of office. Finished in 1948, the painting presents special characteristics: It is the only case in which a president appears smiling and furthermore accompanied with the First Lady, María Eva Duarte de Perón, known popularly as "Evita". Both persons are dressed formally, the gala attire of Argentine presidents until 1973. Español: Retrato Oficial del Presidente de la Nación Juan Domingo Perón por lo que ostenta la Banda Presidencial como símbolo de mando. Realizado en 1948, presenta características especiales: es el único caso en el que un Primer Mandatario aparece sonriente y, además, acompañado por la Primera Dama, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Evita. Ambos personajes visten trajes de etiqueta que, hasta el año 1973, constituían el atuendo ceremonial de gala de los presidentes argentinos. content: María Eva Duarte, better known as María Eva Duarte de Perón, Eva Perón and Evita, was the wife of Argentine President Juan Perón and First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She was born in poverty in the rural village of Los Toldos, in the Pampas, as the youngest of five children. In 1934 at the age of 15, she moved to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a career as a stage, radio, and film actress.
She met Colonel Juan Perón on 22 January 1944 during a charity event at the Luna Park Stadium to benefit the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The two were married the following year. Juan Perón was elected President of Argentina in 1946; during the next six years, Eva Perón became powerful within the pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on behalf of labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and Health, founded and ran the charitable Eva Perón Foundation, championed women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the nation's first large-scale female political party, the Women's Peronist Party.

title: Numa Ayrinhac hierarchical section title: Numa Ayrinhac caption reference description: Official portrait of Juan Domingo Perón and Evita, by Numa Ayrinhac in 1948. He is the only Argentine President accompanied by the First Lady in an official portrait caption attribution description: English: The official portrait of President Juan Domingo Perón, wearing a presidential sash as a symbol of office. Finished in 1948, the painting presents special characteristics: It is the only case in which a president appears smiling and furthermore accompanied with the First Lady, María Eva Duarte de Perón, known popularly as "Evita". Both persons are dressed formally, the gala attire of Argentine presidents until 1973. Español: Retrato Oficial del Presidente de la Nación Juan Domingo Perón por lo que ostenta la Banda Presidencial como símbolo de mando. Realizado en 1948, presenta características especiales: es el único caso en el que un Primer Mandatario aparece sonriente y, además, acompañado por la Primera Dama, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Evita. Ambos personajes visten trajes de etiqueta que, hasta el año 1973, constituían el atuendo ceremonial de gala de los presidentes argentinos. content: Numa Ayrinhac was a French-Argentine artist. He was born in Espalion in 1881 of Joseph Sixte Ayrinhac and Marie Eulalie Durand, and moved with his parents aged five to the new settlement of Pigüé, Saavedra, Argentina. He is famous for painting portraits of Eva and Juan Domingo Perón.
He died in Buenos Aires on March 23, 1951.

title: Argentina section title: Peronist years hierarchical section title: Argentina / History / Peronist years caption reference description: Official presidential portrait of Juan Domingo Perón and his wife Eva Perón, 1948 caption attribution description: English: The official portrait of President Juan Domingo Perón, wearing a presidential sash as a symbol of office. Finished in 1948, the painting presents special characteristics: It is the only case in which a president appears smiling and furthermore accompanied with the First Lady, María Eva Duarte de Perón, known popularly as "Evita". Both persons are dressed formally, the gala attire of Argentine presidents until 1973. Español: Retrato Oficial del Presidente de la Nación Juan Domingo Perón por lo que ostenta la Banda Presidencial como símbolo de mando. Realizado en 1948, presenta características especiales: es el único caso en el que un Primer Mandatario aparece sonriente y, además, acompañado por la Primera Dama, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Evita. Ambos personajes visten trajes de etiqueta que, hasta el año 1973, constituían el atuendo ceremonial de gala de los presidentes argentinos. caption alt text description: Painting of Juan Domingo Perón. content: Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km², Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation by area. The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times.


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title: Red Margaret, Moonshiner hierarchical section title: Red Margaret, Moonshiner caption reference description: Newspaper advertisement for the film and several others. caption attribution description: Red Margaret, Moonshiner is a 1913 American silent short romance film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Pauline Bush and Murdock MacQuarrie, along with Lon Chaney. This is a contemporary newspaper advert. content: Red Margaret, Moonshiner is a 1913 American silent short romance film directed by Allan Dwan, starring Pauline Bush and Murdock MacQuarrie, and featuring Lon Chaney. The film is now considered lost.


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title: U.S. postal strike of 1970 section title: Nixon summons the National Guard hierarchical section title: U.S. postal strike of 1970 / The strike / Nixon summons the National Guard caption reference description: Nixon's Proclamation 3972 declared a national state of emergency, and authorized military control over the post office content: The U.S. postal strike of 1970 was an eight-day strike by federal postal workers in March 1970. The strike began in New York City and spread to some other cities in the following two weeks. This strike against the federal government, regarded as illegal, was the largest wildcat strike in U.S. history.
President Richard Nixon called out the United States armed forces and the National Guard in an attempt to distribute the mail and break the strike.
The strike influenced the contents of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, which dissolved the United States Post Office Department, replaced it with the more corporate United States Postal Service, and guaranteed collective bargaining rights for postal workers.

title: Vincent Sombrotto section title: The Postal Strike of 1970 hierarchical section title: Vincent Sombrotto / The Postal Strike of 1970 caption reference description: Nixon's Proclamation 3972 declared a national state of emergency, and authorized military control over the post office content: Vincent Raymond Sombrotto was a letter carrier at Grand Central Station in New York City, and the 16th president of the National Association of Letter Carriers between 1978 and 2002. He was born in Manhattan in 1923 to an Italian father and an Irish mother. Sombrotto became an official member of the National Association of Letter Carriers in 1947 and played a huge part in the U.S. postal strike of 1970. Sombrotto helped to expand the union into more than 100 cities and involved more than 200,000 new members. He retired in 2002 and finished with over 300,000 members and died in 2013 aged 89 at Port Washington, New York.


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title: British rhythm and blues section title: Decline hierarchical section title: British rhythm and blues / History / Decline caption reference description: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in January 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 caption alt text description: A colour photograph of the four members of Led Zeppelin performing onstage, with some other figures visible in the background content: British rhythm and blues was a musical movement that developed in the United Kingdom between the late 1950s and the early 1960s, and reached a peak in the mid-1960s. It overlapped with, but was distinct from, the broader British beat and more purist British blues scenes, attempting to emulate the music of American blues and rock and roll pioneers, such as Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf, Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley. It often placed greater emphasis on guitars and was often played with greater energy.
The origins of the movement were in the British jazz, skiffle and folk movements of the 1950s. The 1958 visit of Muddy Waters influenced key figures Cyril Davies and Alexis Korner to turn to electric blues and form the band Blues Incorporated, which became something of a clearing house for British rhythm and blues musicians. A flourishing scene of clubs and groups emerged in the later 1950s and 1960s and bands began to break through into mainstream success.

title: Led Zeppelin section title: "The Biggest Band in the World": 1971–1975 hierarchical section title: Led Zeppelin / History / "The Biggest Band in the World": 1971–1975 caption reference description: Led Zeppelin perform at Chicago Stadium in January 1975, a few weeks before the release of Physical Graffiti caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 caption alt text description: A colour photograph of the four members of Led Zeppelin performing onstage, with some other figures visible in the background. content: Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are regularly cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal, although their style drew from a variety of influences, including blues and folk music.
After changing their name from the New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Although the group were initially unpopular with critics, they achieved significant commercial success with eight studio albums released over ten years, from Led Zeppelin to In Through the Out Door. Their untitled fourth studio album, commonly known as Led Zeppelin IV, and featuring the song "Stairway to Heaven", is among the most popular and influential works in rock music, and helped to secure the group's popularity.
Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin's music, particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics.

title: Heavy metal music section title: Origins: late 1960s and early 1970s hierarchical section title: Heavy metal music / History / Origins: late 1960s and early 1970s caption reference description: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in January 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 caption alt text description: A colour photograph of the four members of Led Zeppelin performing onstage, with some other figures visible in the background. The band members shown are, from left to right, the bassist, drummer, guitarist, and lead singer. Large guitar speaker stacks are behind the band members. content: Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. With roots in blues rock, psychedelic rock, and acid rock, heavy metal bands developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and loudness. The lyrics and performances are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.
In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Following the blueprint laid down by Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and shock rock of Alice Cooper and Kiss; the blues-rooted rock of Aerosmith; and the flashy guitar leads and wild party rock of Van Halen. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.

title: British popular music section title: 1970s hierarchical section title: British popular music / 1970s caption reference description: Led Zeppelin performing in 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 content: British popular music and popular music in general, can be defined in a number of ways, but is used here to describe music which is not part of the art/classical music or Church music traditions, including folk music, jazz, pop and rock music. These forms of music have particularly flourished in Britain, which, it has been argued, has influenced popular music disproportionately to its size, partly due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly the former areas of British control such as United States, Canada, and Australia, but also a capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music. This is particularly true since the early 1960s when the British Invasion led by The Beatles, helped to secure British performers a major place in development of pop and rock music, which has been revisited at various times, with genres originating in or being radically developed by British musicians, including: blues rock, heavy metal music, progressive rock, punk rock, British folk rock, folk punk, acid jazz, drum and bass, grime, afroswing, dubstep and Britpop.

title: List of UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart number ones of 1997 section title: Chart history hierarchical section title: List of UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart number ones of 1997 / Chart history caption reference description: Led Zeppelin spent a total of eight weeks at number one in 1997 with Remasters and BBC Sessions. caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 content: The UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart is a record chart which ranks the best-selling rock and heavy metal albums in the United Kingdom. Compiled and published by the Official Charts Company, the data is based on each album's weekly physical sales, digital downloads and streams. In 1997, there were 17 albums that topped the 52 published charts. The first number-one album of the year was the self-titled debut album by Garbage, which spent the first three weeks of the year atop the chart. The final number-one album of the year was the Queen compilation album Queen Rocks, which spent the last four weeks of the year at number one.
The most successful album on the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart in 1997 was No Doubt's third studio album Tragic Kingdom, which spent a total of 13 weeks at number one over four different spells. It was also the best-selling rock album of the year, ranking 26th in the UK End of Year Albums Chart. Led Zeppelin spent eight weeks at number one in 1997 – seven with Remasters and one with BBC Sessions – Queen's Queen Rocks was number one for six weeks, and Skunk Anansie's Stoosh topped the chart for five weeks.

title: In My Time of Dying section title: Performances hierarchical section title: In My Time of Dying / Led Zeppelin version / Performances caption reference description: Led Zeppelin performing "In My Time of Dying" live at Chicago Stadium, January 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 content: "In My Time of Dying" is a traditional gospel music song that has been recorded by numerous musicians. The title line, closing each stanza of the song, refers to a deathbed and was inspired by a passage in the Bible from Psalms 41:3 "The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing, thou wilt make all his bed in his sickness".

title: Shakira section title: Artistry hierarchical section title: Shakira / Artistry caption reference description: Led Zeppelin, Shakira's biggest influence early in her career caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 content: Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll is a Colombian singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress, and philanthropist. Born and raised in Barranquilla, Shakira has been referred to as the Queen of Latin Music and is noted for her versatility in music. She made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13. Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums, Magia and Peligro, she rose to prominence in Hispanic countries with her next albums, Pies Descalzos and Dónde Están los Ladrones?. Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album, Laundry Service. It sold over 13 million copies, spawned the international number-one singles "Whenever, Wherever" and "Underneath Your Clothes", and propelled her reputation as a leading crossover artist.
Her success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijación Oral, Vol. 1, Sale el Sol, and El Dorado, all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America. Meanwhile, her English albums Oral Fixation, Vol.

title: Outline of the United Kingdom section title: Music hierarchical section title: Outline of the United Kingdom / Culture / Music caption reference description: Led Zeppelin performing in 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 content: The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; a sovereign state in Europe, commonly known as the United Kingdom, or Britain. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain—a term also applied loosely to refer to the whole country—the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands

title: Rock music section title: Soft rock, hard rock, and early heavy metal hierarchical section title: Rock music / Early 1970s / Soft rock, hard rock, and early heavy metal caption reference description: Led Zeppelin live at Chicago Stadium in January 1975 caption attribution description: English: Led Zeppelin performing at Chicago Stadium in 1975 caption alt text description: A color photograph of the band Led Zeppelin on stage content: Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily from the genres of blues, rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles. For instrumentation, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass, drums, and one or more singers. Usually, rock is song-based music with a 4/4 time signature using a verse–chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.


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title: List of recurring Monty Python's Flying Circus characters section title: Gumbys hierarchical section title: List of recurring Monty Python's Flying Circus characters / Gumbys caption reference description: Gumby flower arranging. He is played here by Terry Gilliam at the Python reunion, Monty Python Live (Mostly), in July 2014. caption attribution description: Photo 02-07-14 12 27 13 content: Very few characters of the BBC television series Monty Python's Flying Circus appeared in more than one episode, and when they did, it was usually to link sketches together. A few well-known characters are described below.

title: Monty Python section title: World records hierarchical section title: Monty Python / Cultural influence and legacy / World records caption reference description: Gumby flower arranging. A character of limited intelligence and vocabulary (a satire on the condescending use of the "man on the street" on TV), he is played here by Terry Gilliam in 2014. caption attribution description: Photo 02-07-14 12 27 13 content: Monty Python were a British surreal comedy troupe who created the sketch comedy television show Monty Python's Flying Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series. The Python phenomenon developed from the television series into something larger in scope and impact, including touring stage shows, films, albums, books and musicals. The Pythons' influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles' influence on music. Regarded as an enduring icon of 1970s pop culture, their sketch show has been referred to as being "an important moment in the evolution of television comedy".
Broadcast by the BBC between 1969 and 1974, Monty Python's Flying Circus was conceived, written and performed by its members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Loosely structured as a sketch show, but with an innovative stream-of-consciousness approach aided by Gilliam's animation, it pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content.

title: Terry Gilliam section title: Monty Python hierarchical section title: Terry Gilliam / Career / Monty Python caption reference description: A character of limited intelligence and vocabulary, Gumby (played by Gilliam) flower arranging at the 2014 reunion. The Gumbys were part of the Pythons' satire on 1970s television condescendingly encouraging more involvement from the "man in the street". caption attribution description: Photo 02-07-14 12 27 13 content: Terrence Vance Gilliam is an American-born British film director, screenwriter, animator, actor, comedian and former member of the Monty Python comedy troupe.
Gilliam has directed 13 feature films, including Time Bandits, Brazil, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, The Fisher King, 12 Monkeys, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, The Brothers Grimm, Tideland, and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. The only "Python" not born in Britain, he became a naturalised British subject in 1968 and formally renounced his American citizenship in 2006.
Gilliam was born in Minnesota, but spent his high school and college years in Los Angeles. He started his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. He joined Monty Python as the animator of their works, but eventually became a full member and was given acting roles. He became a feature film director in the 1970s. Most of his films explore the theme of imagination and its importance to life, express his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarianism, and feature characters facing dark or paranoid situations. His own scripts feature black comedy and tragicomedic elements, as well as surprise endings.


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title: Sabina Valbusa hierarchical section title: Sabina Valbusa caption reference description: Valbusa in 2010 caption attribution description: English: Sabina Valbusa at the Tour de Ski 2010 in Oberhof content: Sabina Valbusa is an Italian cross-country skier who competed from 1993 to 2010.


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title: Baris (dance) section title: Baris tunggal hierarchical section title: Baris (dance) / Performance / Baris tunggal caption reference description: Baris demang dancers in Singaraja (1865-1866); photo by Isidore van Kinsbergen content: Baris is a family of traditional war dances in Bali, Indonesia, accompanied by gamelan, in which dancers depict the feelings of a young warrior prior to battle, glorify the manhood of the triumphant Balinese warrior, and display the sublimity of his commanding presence. Baris derives its name from the word bebarisan, which literally means "line" or "file formation", referring to the soldiers who served the ancient rajas of Bali.


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title: AAW Heavyweight Championship section title: Combined reigns hierarchical section title: AAW Heavyweight Championship / Combined reigns caption attribution description: English: Professional wrestler Sami Callihan making his entrance in July 2019 content: The AAW Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship owned and promoted by AAW Wrestling.The current champion is Mance Warner who is in his first reign.

title: Impact Wrestling Code Red section title: Preliminary matches hierarchical section title: Impact Wrestling Code Red / Event / Preliminary matches caption reference description: Sami Callihan took on Tommy Dreamer in the main event of Code Red. caption attribution description: English: Professional wrestler Sami Callihan making his entrance in July 2019 content: Code Red was a professional wrestling Impact Plus event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with House of Glory, which aired exclusively on Impact Plus. It was the first monthly special for Impact Plus, which took place after the network's launch. The event took place on May 5, 2019 at the NYC Arena in New York City, New York.
Eight professional wrestling matches were contested at the event featuring wrestlers from Impact Wrestling and HOG. The main event was an oVe Rules match between Sami Callihan and Tommy Dreamer. In other prominent matches on the undercard, Michael Elgin defeated Willie Mack, Anthony Gangone defended the HOG Heavyweight Championship against Ken Broadway and Moose, Rich Swann and Mantequilla defended their Impact X Division Championship and HOG Crown Jewel Championship in a six-way match respectively, Johnny Impact and Taya Valkyrie defeated Alisha and Eddie Edwards in a mixed tag team match and The Latin American Xchange defended the Impact World Tag Team Championship against Ohio Versus Everything and The New York Wrecking Krew in a three-way match.

title: Sami Callihan hierarchical section title: Sami Callihan caption reference description: Callihan in July 2019 caption attribution description: English: Professional wrestler Sami Callihan making his entrance in July 2019 content: Samuel Johnston is an American professional wrestler and promoter, better known by the ring name Sami Callihan. He is currently signed to Impact Wrestling. He also wrestled for Lucha Underground under the ring names Jeremiah Crane, and later, Jeremiah Snake, and on the independent circuit. He is a fourteen-time world champion.
He has worked for several independent promotions throughout the United States. He found the most success in Combat Zone Wrestling and Major League Wrestling, but has also wrestled for Dragon Gate USA, Evolve, Ring of Honor, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, Full Impact Pro, and All American Wrestling. In CZW, he held the CZW Iron Man Championship, the CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship, and the CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship, and won the 2012 Best of the Best tournament. He also worked for WWE from 2013 to 2015, appearing in NXT under the ring name Solomon Crowe. He also runs an independent wrestling promotion called The Wrestling Revolver.


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title: New York's 8th congressional district hierarchical section title: New York's 8th congressional district caption reference description: New York 's 8th congressional district since January 3, 2013 content: New York's 8th congressional district for the US House of Representatives is in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. Its current representative is Hakeem Jeffries.
From 1993 to 2013, the district covered much of the west side of Manhattan and western coastal sections of Brooklyn. However, after decennial redistricting, it was redrawn to take in much of the territory previously in the 10th District. It now encompasses majority African-American and Caribbean-American Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brownsville, Canarsie, East New York, Ocean Hill, Spring Creek, and East Flatbush; the mostly white neighborhoods of Bergen Beach, Gerritsen Beach, Howard Beach, Marine Park, and Mill Basin; and mixed neighborhoods like Clinton Hill, Fort Greene, Ozone Park, Brighton Beach, and Coney Island. Most of the old 8th was renumbered as the 10th.