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title: Tio Tek Ho section title: Bureaucratic career hierarchical section title: Tio Tek Ho / Bureaucratic career caption reference description: Toko Kompak, formerly the family residence of Majoor Tio Tek Ho caption attribution description: Toko Kompak Pasar Baru.JPG English: Toko Kompak, cultural heritage building in Pasar Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia content: Tio Tek Ho, 4th Majoor der Chinezen was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat who served as the fourth and penultimate Majoor der Chinezen or Chinese headman of Batavia, now Jakarta, capital of Indonesia. This was the most senior position in the Chinese officership, which constituted the Chinese arm of the civil bureaucracy in the Dutch East Indies. As Majoor, Tio was also the ex officio Chairman of the Chinese Council of Batavia, the city's highest Chinese government body.
Tio's tenure saw the founding of the influential, reformist Confucian organisation Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan in 1900, with which he had an uneasy relationship despite officially extending his mayoral patronage to the group. This was part of a broader modernising movement in the local Chinese community, which questioned the role of the traditional Chinese leadership and institutions in colonial Indonesia.

title: Toko Kompak hierarchical section title: Toko Kompak caption reference description: Toko Kompak, Pasar Baru caption attribution description: Toko Kompak Pasar Baru.JPG English: Toko Kompak, cultural heritage building in Pasar Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia content: Toko Kompak is a historic landmark in Pasar Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia. It was the residence of Tio Tek Ho, Majoor der Chinezen, who was the penultimate head of the Chinese community in colonial Jakarta.
The building was probably built in the first half of the nineteenth century in a combination of Chinese, European and native Indonesian styles of architecture. At some point in the late colonial era, the residence was leased out and converted into a commercial store, called Sin Siong Bouw. After Independence in 1945, the name of the store was changed to Kompak.


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title: Auguste Forel hierarchical section title: Auguste Forel caption reference description: Auguste-Henri Forel, c. 1900 caption attribution description: Handsigniert rekto content: Auguste-Henri Forel was a Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and eugenicist, notable for his investigations into the structure of the human brain and that of ants. For example, he is considered a co-founder of the neuron theory. Forel is also known for his early contributions to sexology and psychology. From 1978 until 2000 Forel's image appeared on the 1000 Swiss franc banknote.


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title: David Ortiz section title: 2005 hierarchical section title: David Ortiz / Professional career / Boston Red Sox (2003–2016) / 2005 caption reference description: Ortiz (right) with then-Tampa Bay Devil Rays catcher Toby Hall in 2006 caption attribution description: Photo by Googie Man 18:56, 4 May 2006 . . Googie man . . 418×700 (356 KB) content: David Américo Ortiz Arias, nicknamed "Big Papi", is a Dominican-American former professional baseball designated hitter and first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball, primarily with the Boston Red Sox. He also played for the Minnesota Twins. During his 14 seasons with the Red Sox, he was a ten-time All-Star, a three-time World Series champion, and a seven-time Silver Slugger winner. Ortiz also holds the Red Sox single-season record for home runs with 54, which he set during the 2006 season.
Originally signed by the Seattle Mariners in 1992, Ortiz was traded to the Twins in 1996 and played parts of six seasons with the team. Ortiz was released by the Twins and signed with the Red Sox in 2003, where he spent the remainder of his career. In Boston, Ortiz established himself as "one of the greatest designated hitters the game has ever seen". He was instrumental in the team ending its 86-year World Series championship drought in 2004, as well as during successful championship runs in 2007 and 2013; he was named the World Series Most Valuable Player for the latter championship.

title: Toby Hall section title: Tampa Bay Devil Rays hierarchical section title: Toby Hall / Career / Tampa Bay Devil Rays caption reference description: Hall with David Ortiz of the Boston Red Sox in 2006 caption attribution description: Photo by Googie Man 18:56, 4 May 2006 . . Googie man . . 418×700 (356 KB) content: Toby Jason Hall is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball from 2000 to 2008, primarily with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Listed at 6 feet 3 inches and 205 pounds, he batted and threw right-handed.


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title: Otto Wagner section title: From 1890 to 1918 hierarchical section title: Otto Wagner / Other buildings / From 1890 to 1918 caption attribution description: Deutsch: U-Bahn-Haltestelle Gumpendorfer Straße Esperanto: Metrostacio Gumpendorfer Straße; dekstre videblas la tramo B 612 sur la linio 18   This media shows the protected monument with the number 19850 in Austria. (Commons, de, Wikidata) content: Otto Koloman Wagner was an Austrian architect and urban planner. He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in 1897, and the broader Art Nouveau movement. All of his works are found in his native city of Vienna, and illustrate the rapid evolution of architecture during the period. His early works were inspired by classical architecture. By mid-1890s, he had already designed several buildings in what became known as the Vienna Secession style. Beginning in 1898, with his designs of Vienna Metro stations, his style became floral and Art Nouveau, with decoration by Koloman Moser. His later works, 1906 until his death in 1918, had geometric forms and minimal ornament, clearly expressing their function. They are considered predecessors to modern architecture.


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title: Norway's Resistance Museum hierarchical section title: Norway's Resistance Museum caption reference description: The main exhibition building caption attribution description: Norsk bokmål: Det dobbelte batteri, Akershus festning. Bugd ca. 1691-92. I dag Norsk Hjemmefrontmuseum. content: Norway's Resistance Museum also known as the Norwegian Home Front Museum is a museum located at the Akershus Fortress in Oslo.
The museum collection focuses on Norwegian resistance during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945. The museum displays equipment, photos and documents from the war years.
The museum was established as a foundation in 1966. The Museum was opened to the public in May 1970 by Crown Prince Harald of Norway in celebration of the 25th anniversary of Norwegian liberation. Architectural planning was entrusted to Norwegian architect Otto Torgersen who working together with key personnel representing various branches of the underground forces, produced a chronological gallery through the period from the prelude in the 1930s onwards to liberation in 1945.
The museum's first manager was Knut Haugland, who managed the museum until 1983. Tore Gjelsvik was chairman of the museum's council from 1964 to 1973. Arnfinn Moland was appointed manager of the museum in 1995.


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title: Cherokee Mental Health Institute hierarchical section title: Cherokee Mental Health Institute caption reference description: Postcard of Cherokee Mental Health Institute in 1915 caption attribution description: Postcard of Cherokee Mental Health Institute in 1915 content: The Cherokee Mental Health Institute is a state-run psychiatric facility in Cherokee, Iowa. It has operated from 1902 until the present day, currently under the authority of the Iowa Department of Human Services.


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title: Dănilă Prepeleac hierarchical section title: Dănilă Prepeleac caption reference description: Romanian stamp depicting Dănilă Prepeleac caption attribution description: English: Danila-Prepelac content: "Dănilă Prepeleac" is an 1876 fantasy short story and fairy tale by Romanian author Ion Creangă, with a theme echoing influences from local folklore. The narrative is structured around two accounts. In the first part, the eponymous peasant hero, shown to be poor, lazy and idiotic, exposes his incompetence and lack of foresight by becoming in involved in a cycle of barters, which results in him exchanging a pair of oxen for an empty bag. The second portion of the text shows Dănilă's adventures inside a forest, where he decides to become a hermit, unwitting that the land is inhabited by an army of devils. Confronted by the latter, he survives a set of challenges by outsmarting his adversaries, and, although losing one eye to demonic curses, he becomes the recipient of a large fortune awarded by Satan himself.
Noted among samples of 19th century Romanian humor, "Dănilă Prepeleac" earned critical attention for its creative language, the defining traits of its main characters, and echoes of larger themes found throughout European folklore. It also inspired works in other media, such as a 1996 film by Moldovan director Tudor Tătaru.


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title: Yokneam Moshava section title: After Israel's independence hierarchical section title: Yokneam Moshava / History / After Israel's independence caption reference description: Yokneam Maabara (1952) caption attribution description: עברית: מעברת יקנעם content: Yokneam is a moshava in Israel's Northern District, on the outskirts of the city of Yokneam Illit. Located on the border of the Jezreel Valley and the Menashe Heights, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Megiddo Regional Council and is administrated by a local committee which is elected every five years. In 2018 it had a population of 1,398.

title: Yokneam Illit section title: History hierarchical section title: Yokneam Illit / History caption reference description: Yokneam Maabara (1952) caption attribution description: עברית: מעברת יקנעם content: Yokneam Illit, also Yoqne'am Illit and Jokneam Illit, is a city in northern Israel. It is located in a hilly region of the lower Galilee at the base of the Carmel Mountains and overlooks the Jezreel Valley, 21 kilometres from Haifa and 80 kilometres from Tel Aviv. Yokneam is known as Israel's "Startup Village" because its high-tech hub is surrounded by forest and small communities.
Yokneam Illit was founded in 1950 and became a local authority in 1967, and a city in 2007. The city is located alongside the country's major highways – Highway 70 and Highway 6. In 2018 it had a population of 23,311.
Starting in 1989 when a new mayor, Simon Alfassi, was elected, the economic structure of Yokneam Illit changed from a centralized dependence on two large factories to a dispersed base of many small high-tech companies. As the number and size of the companies grew, Yokneam and the small communities around it began to attract young entrepreneurs and developers who were looking for a less urban alternative to the Tel Aviv area. It now has over 100 high-tech companies and exports of approximately 5 billion US dollars annually.


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title: Tom Thompson (American football) hierarchical section title: Tom Thompson (American football) caption reference description: Tom Thompson caption attribution description: English: Picture for media content: Tom Thompson was a member of the football team during the 2009 season for Austin College in Sherman, Texas. In 2011, he earned a graduate degree from Austin College and has been the kicking coach for the football team at Austin College since the 2010 season.
Tom Thompson was a place-kicker for Division III Austin College in Sherman, Texas and wore the number 91. On November 14, 2009 at the age of 61, Tom Thompson became the oldest player in NCAA history after he scored the extra point for Austin College's only touchdown of the game against Trinity University. The previous record holder for the oldest NCAA collegiate football player is believed to have been an athlete from Sul Ross State University named Mike Flynt in 2007. Tom Thompson last played organized football over 40 years ago while in high school. His successful kick made national and international news.
The Sporting News awarded him one of the five game balls given nationally for week 11 of the 2009 football season recognizing his effort. His Austin College jersey was put on display at the College Football Hall of Fame in South Bend, Indiana in 2011.


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title: Tônia Carrero section title: Career hierarchical section title: Tônia Carrero / Career caption reference description: Tônia Carrero (1970s). content: Maria Antonieta Portocarrero Thedim, known professionally as Tônia Carrero, was a Brazilian actress.


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title: Garmisch-Partenkirchen section title: Sports hierarchical section title: Garmisch-Partenkirchen / Sports caption reference description: Aerial view of
Garmisch-Partenkirchen caption attribution description: Deutsch: Luftbild von Garmisch-Partenkirchen content: Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 m.
The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games.


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title: List of University of Pittsburgh faculty section title: Business and economics hierarchical section title: List of University of Pittsburgh faculty / Business and economics caption reference description: Al Roth conducted much of his Nobel Prize-winning work in economics while at Pitt. caption attribution description: Al Roth, Economics Professor, Harvard (r); Colm Harmon, Head of School, Economics, University of Sydney (l) content: This list of University of Pittsburgh faculty includes instructors, researchers, and administrators of the University of Pittsburgh, a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

title: Alvin E. Roth section title: Biography hierarchical section title: Alvin E. Roth / Biography caption reference description: Al Roth, Sydney Ideas lecture 2012 caption attribution description: Al Roth, Economics Professor, Harvard (r); Colm Harmon, Head of School, Economics, University of Sydney (l) content: Alvin Elliot Roth is an American academic. He is the Craig and Susan McCaw professor of economics at Stanford University and the Gund professor of economics and business administration emeritus at Harvard University. He was President of the American Economics Association in 2017.
Roth has made significant contributions to the fields of game theory, market design and experimental economics, and is known for his emphasis on applying economic theory to solutions for "real-world" problems.
In 2012, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Lloyd Shapley "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design".

title: Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business section title: People hierarchical section title: Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business / People caption reference description: Alvin E. Roth conducted Nobel Prize–winning work in economics while serving on Katz faculty caption attribution description: Al Roth, Economics Professor, Harvard (r); Colm Harmon, Head of School, Economics, University of Sydney (l) content: The Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business is the graduate business school of the University of Pittsburgh located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Although business education had its origins at the university in 1907, the Graduate School of Business was established in 1960 from a merger of its predecessors, the School of Business Administration and the Graduate School of Retailing. It was renamed in 1987 after businessman and university alumnus benefactor Joseph Katz. The school offers a traditional, accelerated, part-time, and executive Master of Business Administration degrees as well as Master of Science in Accounting and several Ph.D. programs in business.
Katz is part of Pitt Business, which refers to the collective capacity of Katz and the College of Business Administration, and five education and research centers.


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title: Bernie McGann hierarchical section title: Bernie McGann caption reference description: McGann in 2011 caption attribution description: English: Bernie McGann in 2011 caption alt text description: Seated man holding a saxophone content: Bernard Francis "Bernie" McGann was an Australian jazz alto saxophone player. He began his career in the late 1950s and remained active as a performer, composer and recording artist until near the end of his life.
Born in Granville, in Sydney's western suburbs, McGann first came to prominence as part of a loose alliance of modern jazz musicians who performed at the El Rocco Jazz Cellar in Kings Cross, Sydney in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He had an enduring collaboration with drummer John Pochee.
During the 1960s and early 1970s, McGann also performed with rock and pop groups and as a session musician, and ca. 1970 he was a member of the Sydney rock-soul band Southern Comfort.
He led the Bernie McGann Trio and Bernie McGann Quartet through his career. The most well-known lineup of the Trio was McGann, John Pochee, Lloyd Swanton, with the addition of Warwick Alder in the quartet.
McGann died on 17 September 2013, following complications from heart surgery. He was 76.

title: Bernie McGann hierarchical section title: Bernie McGann caption reference description: McGann in November 2011. caption attribution description: English: Bernie McGann in 2011 content: Bernard Francis "Bernie" McGann was an Australian jazz alto saxophone player. He began his career in the late 1950s. He stayed active as a performer, composer and recording artist until his death. He was born in Granville, New South Wales.
McGann died from complications following heart surgery on the night of 17 September 2014 in Sydney. He was 76 years old.


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title: Manuel L. Quezon section title: First term (1935–1941) hierarchical section title: Manuel L. Quezon / Presidency / First term (1935–1941) caption reference description: Presidential car of Manuel Luis Quezon displayed at Museo ng Pampangulong Sasakyan (Presidential Car Museum) caption attribution description: English: Presidential Car of Manuel Luis Quezon content: Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, also referred to by his initials MLQ, was a Filipino statesman, soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines, and is considered to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo.
During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.
It was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains were moved to Manila. His final resting place is the Quezon Memorial Circle.

title: Presidential Car Museum section title: Collection hierarchical section title: Presidential Car Museum / Collection caption reference description: Presidential car of Manuel Quezon caption attribution description: English: Presidential Car of Manuel Luis Quezon content: The Presidential Car Museum is a museum within the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.


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title: Tokyo Monorail section title: Infill stations and later expansions hierarchical section title: Tokyo Monorail / Infill stations and later expansions caption reference description: Construction of Haneda Airport Terminal 3 Station, then-named Haneda Airport International Terminal Station, in 2009 caption attribution description: English: Construction site of tokyo-monorail new station. 日本語: 東京モノレール羽田空港国際線ビル駅の建設現場 content: The Tokyo Monorail, officially the Tokyo Monorail Haneda Airport Line, is a straddle-beam, Alweg-type monorail line in Tokyo, Japan. It is an airport rail link that connects Tokyo International Airport to Tokyo's Ōta, Shinagawa, and Minato wards. The 17.8-kilometer line serves 11 stations between the Monorail Hamamatsuchō and Haneda Airport Terminal 2 stations. It runs on a predominantly elevated north–south route that follows the western coast of Tokyo Bay. The monorail is operated by Tokyo Monorail Co., Ltd., which is jointly owned by JR East, Hitachi, and All Nippon Airways. It carried an average of 140,173 passengers in 2018.
Plans to build Japan's first airport rail link surfaced in 1959 as Tokyo was preparing to host the 1964 Summer Olympics. That year, the Yamato Kanko Co., Ltd.—later renamed Tokyo Monorail Co., Ltd.—was established to build the rail connection. Construction began in 1963 and completed on September 17, 1964, just 23 days ahead of the Olympic opening ceremony. Upon opening, the monorail operated between the Hamamatsuchō and Haneda stations, making no intermediate stops.


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title: Government of Japan section title: Local government hierarchical section title: Government of Japan / Local government caption reference description: Administrative divisions of Japan content: The Government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties, based on popular sovereignty. The Government is divided into three branches: the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, and the Judicial branch.
The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947. It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its Head of State. His role is ceremonial and he has no powers related to Government. Instead, it is the Cabinet, comprising the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister, that directs and controls the Government and the civil service. The Cabinet has the executive power and is formed by the Prime Minister, who is the Head of Government. He or she is designated by the National Diet and appointed to office by the Emperor.
The National Diet is the legislature, the organ of the Legislative branch. It is bicameral, consisting of two houses with the House of Councilors being the upper house, and the House of Representatives being the lower house.


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title: Howard R. Reiter hierarchical section title: Howard R. Reiter caption reference description: Reiter pictured in The Epitome 1914, Lehigh yearbook caption attribution description: English: Howard R. Reiter, Lehigh University content: Howard Roland "Bosey" Reiter was an All-American football player, coach and athletic director. He was selected for the 1899 College Football All-America Team and played professional football as a player coach for the Philadelphia Athletics of the first National Football League in 1902. He was the head football coach at Wesleyan University from 1903 to 1909 and at Lehigh University from 1910 to 1911. Reiter has been credited by some with the development of the overhand spiral forward pass, which he claimed to have developed while playing for the Athletics in 1902.


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title: Susan Goldin-Meadow hierarchical section title: Susan Goldin-Meadow caption reference description: Susan Goldin-Meadow in 2009 caption attribution description: Susan Goldin-Meadow, American professor of psychology for the University of Chicago. caption alt text description: a woman in glasses stands looking up and to her left while holding her hands in front of her content: Susan Goldin-Meadow is the Beardsley Ruml Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Psychology, Comparative Human Development, the college, and the Committee on Education at the University of Chicago. She is the principal investigator of a 10-year program project grant, funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, designed to explore the impact of environmental and biological variation on language growth. She is also a co-PI of the Spatial Intelligence and Learning Center, one of six Science of Learning Centers funded by the National Science Foundation to explore learning in an interdisciplinary framework with an eye toward theory and application. She is the founding editor of Language Learning and Development, the official journal of the Society for Language Development. She was President of the International Society for Gesture Studies from 2007–2012.


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title: Dutch Ethical Policy section title: Formulation hierarchical section title: Dutch Ethical Policy / Formulation caption reference description: Students in Agricultural school for Indonesians in Java. The school was built during this period. caption attribution description: Nederlands: Repronegatief. Leerlingen van de Inlandse Landbouwschool, Java content: The Dutch Ethical Policy was the official policy of the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies during the four decades from 1901 until the Japanese occupation of 1942. In 1901, the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina announced that the Netherlands accepted an ethical responsibility for the welfare of their colonial subjects. This announcement was a sharp contrast with the former official doctrine that Indonesia was a wingewest. It also marked the start of modern development policy; whereas other colonial powers talked of a civilising mission, which mainly involved spreading their culture to colonised peoples.
The Policy emphasised improvement in material living conditions. It suffered, however, from severe underfunding, inflated expectations and lack of acceptance in the Dutch colonial establishment, and it had mostly ceased to exist by the onset of the Great Depression in 1930.


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title: Kahoku District, Ishikawa hierarchical section title: Kahoku District, Ishikawa caption reference description: Kahoku District in Ishikawa Prefecture. content: Kahoku is a district located in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 62,374 and a density of 476.79 persons per km². The total area is 130.82 km².


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title: Velká Buková hierarchical section title: Velká Buková caption reference description: In the background are a group of houses in Velká Buková caption attribution description: Čeština: Obec Velká Buková, okres Rakovník English: Town of Velká Buková, Rakovník District Luminance HDR 2.3.0 tonemapping parameters: Operator: Mantiuk06 Parameters: Contrast Mapping factor: 0.58 Saturation Factor: 1.55 Detail Factor: 1 PreGamma: 1 caption alt text description: In the background are a group of houses in Velká Buková content: Velká Buková is a village and municipality in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.


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title: Barbecue section title: Images hierarchical section title: Barbecue / Images caption attribution description: A barbecue on a publicly accessible hotplate in Burwood Park, Sydney, Australia. Taken by Enoch Lau on 12 March 2006. As a courtesy, please let me know if you alter this image or this image description page. Original filename was 100_1494.JPG. content: Barbecue is a special type of grill. It is also a way to prepare meat which is then cooked with that instrument. It is especially popular in Australia and in certain parts of the United States.
Barbecue cooking means to cook very slowly. It is not as hot as grilling. Some meats must be cooked slowly to be tender, and easy to chew. Sometimes, meat may be slowly cooked for 8 to 24 hours in a barbecue.


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title: Milwaukee Road class EP-2 hierarchical section title: Milwaukee Road class EP-2 caption reference description: Milwaukee Road class EP-2 'Bipolar' content: The Milwaukee Road's class EP-2 comprised five electric locomotives built by General Electric in 1919. They were often known as Bipolars, which referred to the bipolar electric motors they used. Among the most distinctive and powerful electric locomotives of their time, they epitomized the modernization of the Milwaukee Road. They came to symbolize the railroad during their nearly 40 years of use, and remain an enduring image of mainline electrification.

title: Electric locomotive section title: Driving the wheels hierarchical section title: Electric locomotive / Types / Driving the wheels caption reference description: One of the Milwaukee Road EP-2 "Bi-polar" electrics content: An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
Electric locomotives with on-board fueled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric or gas turbine-electric and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a power transmission system.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking. Electric locomotives are quiet compared to diesel locomotives since there is no engine and exhaust noise and less mechanical noise. The lack of reciprocating parts means electric locomotives are easier on the track, reducing track maintenance.

title: Bipolar electric motor section title: Electric railway locomotives hierarchical section title: Bipolar electric motor / Electric railway locomotives caption reference description: Milwaukee Road EP-2 "Bi-polar" locomotive content: A bipolar electric motor is an electric motor with only two poles to its stationary field. They are an example of the simple brushed DC motor, with a commutator. This field may be generated by either a permanent magnet or a field coil.
The 'bipolar' term refers to the stationary field of the motor, not the rotor. The rotors often have more than two poles, three for a simple motor and potentially more for a high-power motor. A two-pole rotor has the disadvantage that it is not self-starting in all positions and so requires to be flicked to start.


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title: 1878 in Belgium section title: Art and architecture hierarchical section title: 1878 in Belgium / Art and architecture caption reference description: Great Synagogue of Brussels (completed 1878) caption attribution description: Čeština: Panoramatický pohled na průčelí velké synagogy v Bruselu, Belgie English: Panoramic view of Grand Synagogue in Brussels, Belgium content: The following lists events that happened during 1878 in the Kingdom of Belgium.


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title: Akbar section title: Relations with the Safavid Dynasty hierarchical section title: Akbar / Foreign relations / Relations with the Safavid Dynasty caption reference description: The Akbari Mosque, overlooking the Ganges caption attribution description: English: The "Akbari mosque" on the banks of the Ganges in Rajmahal, the capital of Mughal province of Bengal from 1592 to 1607 content: Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, popularly known as Akbar the Great, and also as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.
A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire subcontinent because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strove to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through an Indo-Persian culture, to himself as an emperor.


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title: Indian National Congress section title: Election symbols hierarchical section title: Indian National Congress / Election symbols caption reference description: Election symbol of Indira's Congress (R) party during the period 1971–1977[63] content: The Indian National Congress is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Bharatiya Janata Party.Congress is a "big tent" party whose social democratic platform is generally considered in the centre to centre-left of Indian politics. Congress' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya–the lifting up of all sections of society–which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people. On social and economic issues, it advocates social justice, equality, welfare state, along with secular society.

title: Indian National Congress (R) hierarchical section title: Indian National Congress (R) caption reference description: Election symbol of Indira's Congress (R) party during the period 1971–1977 content: Indian National Congress was created in 1969; it was created and led by Indira Gandhi. Initially this party was known as Congress (R), but it soon came to be generally known as the "New Congress".
The letter 'R' stands for 'Requisition'. The original congress party then became the Indian National Congress, or Congress, and was led by Kamaraj. It was informally called the "Old Congress" and retained the party symbol of a pair of bullocks carrying a yoke. Mrs. Gandhi's breakaway faction were given a new symbol of a cow with suckling calf by the Election Commission as the party election symbol.
The split occurred when, in 1969, a united opposition under the banner of Samyukt Vidhayak Dal, won control over several states in the Hindi belt. Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister and daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, was then challenged by the majority of the party leadership. Gandhi formed the new party to demonstrate her support amongst the people. In the 1971 general election, Congress (R) had secured an overwhelming majority winning 352 out of 518 seats in the Lok Sabha. In the elections to five state assemblies too, the Congress (R) performed well.


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title: Pärnamäe hierarchical section title: Pärnamäe caption reference description: View at newly built houses in Pärnamäe. caption attribution description: Eesti: Elamud Viimsi vallas Pärnamäel Suur-Kaare teel. Pildistatud Viimsist Vehemaa teelt caption alt text description: View at newly built houses in Pärnamäe. content: Pärnamäe is a village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia. It's located about 9 km northeast of the centre of Tallinn, situated just north of Tallinn's subdistrict Mähe and east of the settlement Viimsi. Pärnamäe has a population of 1,191.

title: Viimsi hierarchical section title: Viimsi caption reference description: Viimsi caption attribution description: Eesti: Elamud Viimsi vallas Pärnamäel Suur-Kaare teel. Pildistatud Viimsist Vehemaa teelt caption alt text description: Viimsi content: Viimsi is a small borough in Harju County, northern Estonia. It's located about 9 km northeast of the centre of Tallinn, just north of Tallinn's subdistrict Merivälja. Viimsi is the administrative centre of Viimsi Parish. As of 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 2,341.
Viimsi Manor, which was established by St. Brigitta Nunnery, was first mentioned in 1471 as Wiems. After the Great Northern War the manor had multiple owners, among those the Stenbock, Buxhoeveden, Maydell and Schottländer families. After the dispossession in 1919 the manor was given to the Commander-in-chief of the Estonian Army General Johan Laidoner who owned it until 1940. During World War II it was used by the Red Army. Since 2001 the building houses the National War Museum of Estonia.


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title: Early Pagan Kingdom section title: Rise of Pagan hierarchical section title: Early Pagan Kingdom / Scholarship / Rise of Pagan caption reference description: The Tharabha Gate at Pagan (Bagan), the only remaining section of the old walls. The main walls are dated to c. 1020 CE and the earliest pieces of the walls to c. 980 CE. caption attribution description: English: Tharaba Gate, the only remaining gate of Old Pagan (Pagan) content: Early Pagan Kingdom was a city-state that existed in the first millennium CE before the emergence of Pagan Empire in the mid 11th century. The Burmese chronicles state that the "kingdom" was founded in the second century CE. The seat of power of the small kingdom was first located at Arimaddana, Thiri Pyissaya, and Tampawaddy until 849 CE when it was moved to Pagan.
Radiocarbon dating shows the earliest human settlement in the Pagan region dates only from the mid-7th century CE. It existed alongside Pyu city-states that dominated Upper Burma. The city-state of Pagan, according to mainstream scholarship, was founded in the mid 9th century by the Mranma of Nanzhao Kingdom. Burmans at Pagan expanded irrigation-based cultivation while borrowing extensively from the Pyus' predominantly Buddhist culture. It was one of many competing city-states in the Pyu realm until the late 10th century when the principality began absorbing its surrounding states. The expansion accelerated in the 1050s and 1060s when King Anawrahta founded the Pagan Empire, the first ever unification of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery.

title: Tharabha Gate hierarchical section title: Tharabha Gate caption reference description: The Tharabha Gate caption attribution description: English: Tharaba Gate, the only remaining gate of Old Pagan (Pagan) content: The Tharabha Gate is the only surviving gate of Bagan. The gate is located to the east of the old city. Although the Burmese chronicles assert that the city of Bagan was fortified in 849 CE, radiocarbon dating of evidence dates the foundation of the main walls to c. 1020 CE. If the city was fortified in the 9th century as the chronicles assert, the fortifications must have been built with less durable materials like mud.
The present-day gate consists of two brick-walled shrines, each opposing one another, of two guardian nats, named Min Mahagiri and Hnamadawgyi, who allegedly were executed by order of a king.

title: Pagan Kingdom section title: Early Pagan hierarchical section title: Pagan Kingdom / History / Early Pagan caption reference description: The Tharabha Gate at Pagan (Bagan), the only remaining section of the old walls. The main walls are dated to c. 1020 and the earliest pieces of the walls to c. 980. caption attribution description: English: Tharaba Gate, the only remaining gate of Old Pagan (Pagan) content: The Kingdom of Pagan was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma. Pagan's 250-year rule over the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery laid the foundation for the ascent of Burmese language and culture, the spread of Burman ethnicity in Upper Burma, and the growth of Theravada Buddhism in Burma and in mainland Southeast Asia.
The kingdom grew out of a small 9th-century settlement at Pagan by the Mranma, who had recently entered the Irrawaddy valley from the Kingdom of Nanzhao. Over the next two hundred years, the small principality gradually grew to absorb its surrounding regions until the 1050s and 1060s when King Anawrahta founded the Pagan Empire, for the first time unifying under one polity the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery. By the late 12th century Anawrahta's successors had extended their influence farther to the south into the upper Malay peninsula, to the east at least to the Salween river, in the farther north to below the current China border, and to the west, in northern Arakan and the Chin Hills. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Pagan, alongside the Khmer Empire, was one of two main empires in mainland Southeast Asia.


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title: Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands section title: Statistics hierarchical section title: Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands / Statistics caption reference description: Amersfoort Old Reformed Congregation caption attribution description: Nederlands: Muurhuizen 53 te Amersfoort. In gebuik als Oud Gereformeerde Gemeente in Nederland This is an image of rijksmonument number 7996 content: The Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands is a pietistic Reformed denomination in the Netherlands.


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title: Democratic Republican Party (South Korea) section title: Presidential elections hierarchical section title: Democratic Republican Party (South Korea) / Election results / Presidential elections caption attribution description: 한국어: 1963년 10월13일 윤보선이, 박정희가 과거에 남로당에 가입해 무기징역을 받았다고 폭로한것이 호외에 실렸다. content: The Democratic Republican Party was a conservative and broadly state corporatist or nationalist political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963, to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980.


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title: Statue of Hans Egede hierarchical section title: Statue of Hans Egede caption attribution description: Deutsch: Statue des Missionars Hans Egede Українська: == ???????????? == content: The Statue of Hans Egede is a prominent monument in Nuuk, Greenland. It commemorates the Dano-Norwegian Lutheran missionary Hans Egede who founded Nuuk in 1728. The statue lies on a hill near the shore above Nuuk Cathedral in the historical Old Nuuk area of the city. A duplicate statue by August Saabye stands outside Frederik's Church in Copenhagen.


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title: Atglen, Pennsylvania section title: Demographics hierarchical section title: Atglen, Pennsylvania / Demographics caption attribution description: English: Route 372 eastbound through the borough of Atglen, Pennsylvania. content: Atglen is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. According to the 2010 Census, its population is 1,406.

title: Pennsylvania Route 372 section title: History hierarchical section title: Pennsylvania Route 372 / History caption reference description: PA 372 east through the borough of Atglen caption attribution description: English: Route 372 eastbound through the borough of Atglen, Pennsylvania. content: Pennsylvania Route 372 is an east–west highway in York, Lancaster, and Chester counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Its western terminus is at PA 74 in Lower Chanceford Township north of Delta and west of Holtwood, and its eastern terminus is at PA 82 in Coatesville. PA 372 heads east from PA 74 in York County and crosses the Susquehanna River on the Norman Wood Bridge. The route continues through Lancaster County, intersecting PA 272 in Buck, U.S. Route 222 and PA 472 in Quarryville, and PA 896 in Georgetown. PA 372 crosses into Chester County and intersects PA 41 in Atglen and PA 10 in Parkesburg before continuing to Coatesville. PA 372 is a two-lane undivided road throughout its length.
In 1809, the state authorized for a road between Parkesburg and McCall's Ferry on the Susquehanna River. PA 372 was first designated in 1928 to run between McCall's Ferry and PA 41 in Christiana. PA 572 was designated from PA 372 in Christiana to PA 41 in Atglen. Another section of PA 572 was designated between PA 42 in Parkesburg and PA 82 in Coatesville by 1930; these two sections were linked in 1937. In the 1940s, PA 372 was rerouted to its current eastern terminus, replacing PA 572.


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title: Raymond FitzGerald section title: Death and legacy hierarchical section title: Raymond FitzGerald / Death and legacy caption reference description: 14th century tomb effigy of Raymond le Gros at Molana Abbey, now lost, as drawn by Daniel Grose (1766–1838) caption attribution description: Tomb effigy of Raymond le Gros at Molana, created between 1250 and 1350, now lost content: Raymond FitzGerald, nicknamed Le Gros, was a Cambro-Norman commander during the Norman invasion of Ireland. Raymond was among the first of a small band of Norman knights who landed on the South coast of Ireland before being reinforced by a larger force led by Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. He was active consolidating Norman rule over Ireland before he retired to his estates in Waterford where he died in the late 12th century.


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title: Džok hierarchical section title: Džok caption reference description: Monument of the dog Dżok caption attribution description: Polski: Pomnik psa Dżoka w Krakowie. Deutsch: Denkmal für den Hund Dżok in Krakau English: Dog Dżok Monument in Kraków. Nederlands: Standbeeld van de hond Dżok in Krakau. content: Dżok is a Black mongrel dog, throughout the entire year, Dżok was seen waiting in vain at the Rondo Grunwaldzkie roundabout in Kraków, Poland, to be fetched back by his master, who had died there. a monument located on the Czerwieński Boulevard on the Vistula River in Kraków, near the Wawel Castle and the Grunwald Bridge.


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title: Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry section title: Expansion and modern era (1967–present) hierarchical section title: Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry / History / Expansion and modern era (1967–present) caption reference description: The Canadiens and Maple Leafs take a face-off to begin the 2008–09 season. content: The Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry is a National Hockey League rivalry between the Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. Dating back to 1917, it is the oldest rivalry in the NHL. From 1944–78, the two teams met each other in the playoffs 15 times and faced each other in five Stanley Cup Finals. While the on-ice competition is fierce, the Leafs–Habs rivalry is symbolic of the rivalry between Canada's two largest cities: Toronto and Montreal. Both teams have fans across Canada; allegiances are no longer as strongly determined by language spoken as in their early histories.
Although it is the league's oldest rivalry, the Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry is not the NHL's most played one, since the two teams were placed in opposite conferences between 1981 and 1998. That title goes to the rivalry between the Canadiens and the Boston Bruins, who remained division rivals during those same years.


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title: Women in Music (periodical) hierarchical section title: Women in Music (periodical) caption reference description: Page 1, July 1, 1935 (first issue)
courtesy of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Music Division, and The University of Arkansas Press content: Women in Music was an American newsletter founded in July 1935 by its publisher and editor, Frédérique Petrides, then the conductor of the Orchestrette Classique – an orchestra based in New York made-up of all women musicians. The publication ran until December 1940. The thirty-seven extant issues were reprinted in the 1991 book by Jan Bell Groh, Evening the Score: Women in Music and the Legacy of Frédérique Petrides. The newsletter title Women in Music was coined in 1935 by Petrides's husband, journalist, Peter Petrides to encapsulate the gist of its contents.


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title: St. Patrick's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.) section title: Facilities hierarchical section title: St. Patrick's Episcopal Church (Washington, D.C.) / Facilities caption reference description: Renovated Baptismal Font, October 30, 2011 caption attribution description: English: A picture of the renovated baptismal font of St. Patrick's Episcopal Church in Washington, DC taken on the day of rededication (October 30, 2011). content: St. Patrick's Episcopal Church is an Episcopal church located in the Palisades neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington.


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title: Kajang section title: Shopping hierarchical section title: Kajang / Shopping caption reference description: Tesco Kajang is at Saujana Impian area in Kajang caption attribution description: English: Tesco Kajang content: Kajang is a town in southeastern Selangor, Malaysia. It is located 20 km southeast of downtown Kuala Lumpur, in the coterminous mukim of Kajang in the Hulu Langat District.


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title: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia section title: Constitution hierarchical section title: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Politics / Constitution caption reference description: SIV 1, the Federal Executive Council caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. Covering an area of 255,804 km², the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungary to the north, Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and Albania and Greece to the south. The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia – with Belgrade as its capital. In addition, it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina. The SFRY's origin is traced to 26 November 1942, when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II.
On 29 November 1945, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II, thus ending the monarchy.

title: Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia) section title: History hierarchical section title: Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia) / History caption reference description: SIV 1, seat of the Federal Executive Council caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: The Federal Executive Council
was the executive body of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia responsible for state affairs and for supervising the implementation of laws. It consisted of up to 15 members elected by the Federal Assembly for a five- or four-year term and the presidents of executive councils of republics and provinces.

title: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yugoslavia) hierarchical section title: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yugoslavia) caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Yugoslavia was the ministry responsible for representing the Kingdom of Yugoslavia internationally from 1918 to 1941 and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1992. It may also refer to the ministry which represented Serbia and Montenegro from 1992 to 2006.

title: Belgrade section title: Architecture hierarchical section title: Belgrade / Culture / Architecture caption reference description: Palace of Serbia is the largest and masterpiece of modernist architecture in Belgrade. caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade, a quarter of the total population of Serbia.
One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. Belgrade served as capital of the Serbian Despotate during the reign of Stefan Lazarević, and then his successor Đurađ Branković returned it to the Hungarian king in 1427.

title: Palace of Serbia hierarchical section title: Palace of Serbia caption reference description: The Palace of Serbia, pictured in 2006 caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: The Palace of Serbia is a building located in the Novi Beograd municipality of Belgrade, Serbia. The building is used by the government of Serbia and currently houses several cabinet level ministries and agencies.

title: New Belgrade section title: Rapid development hierarchical section title: New Belgrade / History / Rapid development caption reference description: SIV 1 or Palata Srbije (Palace of Serbia) caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: New Belgrade is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. It is the central business district in Serbia and one of the major ones in Southeast Europe. It was a planned municipality, built since 1948 in a previously uninhabited area on the left bank of the Sava river, opposite old Belgrade. In recent years, it has become the central business district of Belgrade and its fastest developing area, with many businesses moving to the new part of the city, due to more modern infrastructure and larger available space. With 212,104 inhabitants, it is the second most populous municipality of Serbia after Novi Sad.

title: Balkan Federation section title: Cominform period (1946–1948) hierarchical section title: Balkan Federation / Cominform period (1946–1948) caption reference description: Palace of the Federation (today Palace of Serbia) was envisaged as the headquarters of the Federation caption attribution description: The building of SIV. Zemun is to be seen behind. content: The Balkan Federation project was a left-wing political movement to create a country in the Balkans by combining Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania.
The concept of a Balkan federation emerged in the late 19th century from among left political forces in the region. The central aim was to establish a new political unity: a common federal republic unifying the Balkan Peninsula on the basis of internationalism, socialism, social solidarity, and economic equality. The underlying vision was that despite differences among the Balkan peoples the historical need for emancipation was a common basis for unification.
This political concept went through three phases in its development. In the first phase the idea was articulated as a response to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. In the second phase, mostly through the interwar period, the idea of the Balkan federation was taken up by the Balkan Communist parties. The third phase is characterized by the clash between the Balkan Communist leaders, and Joseph Stalin who opposed the idea during the post-World War II period.


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title: Vaseux Lake section title: Name origin hierarchical section title: Vaseux Lake / Name origin caption reference description: Vaseux Lake, 1909 caption attribution description: English: Vaseaux Lake, Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. content: Vaseux Lake is a freshwater lake located along the course of the Okanagan River in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada. It is a designated Migratory Bird Sanctuary.


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title: Veere hierarchical section title: Veere caption reference description: Municipality of Veere in 2015 caption attribution description: Nederlands: Topografische gemeentekaart. Resolutie: 400 pixels/km. Kaartbeeld samengesteld uit de open geodata van de Top10NL en Top25namen (Kadaster), Creative Commons-BY licentie. Gebouwvlakken uit open geodata BAG extract. Wegen uit de OpenStreetMap, OpenStreetMap community. Reliëfschaduw uit de Actuele Hoogtekaart AHN2. Samenstelling en kleurenschema: Jan-Willem van Aalst, met QGIS. Zie ook de Legenda. content: Veere is a municipality with a population of 22,000 and a town with a population of 1,500 in the southwestern Netherlands, in the region of Walcheren in the province of Zeeland.


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title: Volodymyr Ponomarenko hierarchical section title: Volodymyr Ponomarenko caption attribution description: English: Vladimir Ponomarenko content: Volodymyr Ponomarenko is a former Ukrainian football midfielder, and currently the coach of MFC Mykolaiv-2 in the Ukrainian Second League.
Ponomarenko is the product of Mykolaiv's youth sportive school system. His first trainer was Viktor Shekhovtsev.
On 3 November 2013 he became the interim coach of MFC Mykolaiv in the Ukrainian First League. From 11 March 2014 he continues as assistant coach in the same club.


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title: Mazie E. Clemens hierarchical section title: Mazie E. Clemens caption reference description: Mazie E. Clemens from a 1920 publication. content: Mazie E. Clemens was an American journalist who served as Special Representative of the National Catholic War Council during World War I. Walter Winchell counted her among the "Daredevil Angels of the Press" in his 1950 list of outstanding women journalists.


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title: Frank Hope-Jones hierarchical section title: Frank Hope-Jones caption reference description: Synchronome clock in US National Institute of Standards and Technology museum, Gaithersburg, Maryland. caption attribution description: English: A Shortt-Synchronome free pendulum clock belonging to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in the NIST Museum, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Invented in 1921 by William Hamilton Shortt, it was the most accurate mechanical clock ever manufactured, achieving an accuracy of around one second per year. This example was purchased by NIST in 1929 and used by physicist Paul R. Heyl in his second determination of the gravitational constant. It consists of a master invar pendulum (left) in a copper vacuum tank and a precision pendulum clock (right). The units are connected by electric wires that operate electromagnets to keep the slave pendulum in the clock synchronized to the master pendulum. The pendulum in the clock is attached to the clock's mechanism and performs the function of moving the clock's gears, leaving the master pendulum to swing virtually free of outside influence. The pendulums make one swing per second, and every 30 swings the slave clock gives the master pendulum a push to keep it swinging. Alterations to image: brightened slightly, changed from GIF to JPEG. content: Frank Hope-Jones was a British horologist.
He was born the son of William Hope-Jones in Eastham, Wirral Peninsula and educated at Birkenhead School. His brother was Robert Hope-Jones, the electric organ designer. His parents were from Ruthin, Wales.
Frank became interested in electrical apparatus when his elder brother Robert worked for a telephone company and assisted him when he began designing and building electric organs. Frank himself moved into the field of electric clocks and together with George Bennett Bowell founded the Synchronome business in 1895, the same year that the pair secured an important patent, embodying the 'Synchronome switch'. They formed the Synchronome Syndicate Company of London in 1897 with the assistance of company promoters. Following an aborted plan to float the firm on the London Stock Exchange in 1899, Bowell left to pursue his own interests. Hope-Jones continued the business, trading as the Synchronome Company, which was only finally incorporated in 1912.
The Synchronome company manufactured electrically operated master clocks, all utilizing the Synchronome switch patented in 1895, with later improvements.

title: Pendulum section title: Q factor hierarchical section title: Pendulum / Accuracy of pendulums as timekeepers / Q factor caption reference description: A Shortt-Synchronome free pendulum clock, the most accurate pendulum clock ever made, at the NIST museum, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. It kept time with two synchronized pendulums. The master pendulum in the vacuum tank (left) swung free of virtually any disturbance, and controlled the slave pendulum in the clock case (right) which performed the impulsing and timekeeping tasks. Its accuracy was about a second per year. caption attribution description: English: A Shortt-Synchronome free pendulum clock belonging to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in the NIST Museum, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Invented in 1921 by William Hamilton Shortt, it was the most accurate mechanical clock ever manufactured, achieving an accuracy of around one second per year. This example was purchased by NIST in 1929 and used by physicist Paul R. Heyl in his second determination of the gravitational constant. It consists of a master invar pendulum (left) in a copper vacuum tank and a precision pendulum clock (right). The units are connected by electric wires that operate electromagnets to keep the slave pendulum in the clock synchronized to the master pendulum. The pendulum in the clock is attached to the clock's mechanism and performs the function of moving the clock's gears, leaving the master pendulum to swing virtually free of outside influence. The pendulums make one swing per second, and every 30 swings the slave clock gives the master pendulum a push to keep it swinging. Alterations to image: brightened slightly, changed from GIF to JPEG. content: A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. When released, the restoring force acting on the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position, swinging back and forth. The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period. The period depends on the length of the pendulum and also to a slight degree on the amplitude, the width of the pendulum's swing.
From the first scientific investigations of the pendulum around 1602 by Galileo Galilei, the regular motion of pendulums was used for timekeeping, and was the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the 1930s. The pendulum clock invented by Christian Huygens in 1658 became the world's standard timekeeper, used in homes and offices for 270 years, and achieved accuracy of about one second per year before it was superseded as a time standard by the quartz clock in the 1930s.

title: Shortt–Synchronome clock hierarchical section title: Shortt–Synchronome clock caption reference description: Shortt clock in US National Institute of Standards and Technology museum, Gaithersburg, Maryland.  This clock was purchased in 1929 and used in physicist Paul R. Heyl's measurement of the gravitational constant. On the left is the master pendulum in its vacuum tank. caption attribution description: English: A Shortt-Synchronome free pendulum clock belonging to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in the NIST Museum, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Invented in 1921 by William Hamilton Shortt, it was the most accurate mechanical clock ever manufactured, achieving an accuracy of around one second per year. This example was purchased by NIST in 1929 and used by physicist Paul R. Heyl in his second determination of the gravitational constant. It consists of a master invar pendulum (left) in a copper vacuum tank and a precision pendulum clock (right). The units are connected by electric wires that operate electromagnets to keep the slave pendulum in the clock synchronized to the master pendulum. The pendulum in the clock is attached to the clock's mechanism and performs the function of moving the clock's gears, leaving the master pendulum to swing virtually free of outside influence. The pendulums make one swing per second, and every 30 swings the slave clock gives the master pendulum a push to keep it swinging. Alterations to image: brightened slightly, changed from GIF to JPEG. content: The Shortt–Synchronome free pendulum clock was a complex precision electromechanical pendulum clock invented in 1921 by British railway engineer William Hamilton Shortt in collaboration with horologist Frank Hope-Jones, and manufactured by the Synchronome Co., Ltd. of London, UK. They were the most accurate pendulum clocks ever commercially produced, and became the highest standard for timekeeping between the 1920s and the 1940s, after which mechanical clocks were superseded by quartz time standards. They were used worldwide in astronomical observatories, naval observatories, in scientific research, and as a primary standard for national time dissemination services. The Shortt was the first clock to be a more accurate timekeeper than the Earth itself; it was used in 1926 to detect tiny seasonal changes in the Earth's rotation rate. Shortt clocks achieved accuracy of around a second per year, although a recent measurement indicated they were even more accurate. About 100 were produced between 1922 and 1956.


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title: Tongariro Alpine Crossing section title: Walk details hierarchical section title: Tongariro Alpine Crossing / Walk details caption reference description: Panorama view from Mt Ngauruhoe in Tongariro National Park caption attribution description: English: Panoramic view from the top of Mt Ngauruhoe. You can see the Tongariro Alpine Crossing path going through South Crater ascending towards Red Crater. The Blue Lake is also visible. The Emerald Lakes are not visible from this view. They are hidden behind the Red Crater. content: The Tongariro Alpine Crossing in Tongariro National Park is a tramping track in New Zealand, and is among the most popular day hikes in the country. The Tongariro National Park is a World Heritage site which has the distinction of dual status, as it has been acknowledged for both its natural and cultural significance.
The crossing passes over the volcanic terrain of the multi-cratered active volcano Mount Tongariro, passing the eastern base of Mount Ngauruhoe.
The full distance of the track is usually 19.4-kilometre.


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title: Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center hierarchical section title: Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center caption reference description: Skylight view of one of the main hallways inside Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center. caption attribution description: English: Skylight view of one of the main hallways inside Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center. content: The Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center is a complex of schools in East Oak Cliff, Dallas, Texas, United States. The school names reflects the view of downtown Dallas.
TMC is a three-story building campus that houses six independent magnet high schools in the Dallas Independent School District. The six component schools are:
The School for the Talented & Gifted
The School of Science and Engineering
The School of Government, Law, & Law Enforcement
The School of Business and Management
The School of Education and Social Services
The School of Health Professions


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title: Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. section title: 2006–07 Greek Cup winners hierarchical section title: Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. / History / New Age (2004–13): Piladakis years / In the elite: Greek Cup winners and European competition / 2006–07 Greek Cup winners caption reference description: Facundo Parra caption attribution description: Italiano: Facundo Parra, attaccante argentino dell'Atalanta content: AEL Football Club, also known by its full name Athlitiki Enosi Larissas, simply called AEL or Larissa, is a Greek professional football club based in the city of Larissa, capital of Greece's Thessaly region.
Founded in 1964, it is directly associated with the city of Larissa and its representation. The club's emblem, is a rising horse and its colors are crimson and white. It is the only team outside the two major Greek cities to have won the Greek Championship in the season 1987–88. AEL has also won the Greek Cup twice and came runners-up in the Cup finals of 1982 and 1984. This record places the club among the top teams in the history of Greek football.
They play their home games at AEL FC Arena, a newly built stadium with a capacity of 16,118 seats. The team currently competes in the Greek Super League, the first tier of the Greek football league system.

title: Facundo Parra hierarchical section title: Facundo Parra caption attribution description: Italiano: Facundo Parra, attaccante argentino dell'Atalanta content: Facundo Manuel Carlos Parra is an Argentine football striker who plays for All Boys in the Argentinian Primera B Nacional.


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title: North Carolina Highway 242 section title: Route description hierarchical section title: North Carolina Highway 242 / Route description caption reference description: Begin of NC 242 at I-40 caption attribution description: English: Begin of NC 242 at Interstate 40, in Johnston County. content: North Carolina Highway 242 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It traverses from Cerro Gordo to Benson, connecting the cities of Bladenboro, Elizabethtown, and Roseboro.


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title: Dongcheng District, Beijing section title: History hierarchical section title: Dongcheng District, Beijing / History caption reference description: Panorama of Beijing City taken from Chongwenmen circa 1879. The road below is Chongwenmen Inner Street. In the left of the picture, we can see Forbidden City, Hill of Jingshan and White Dagoba near the horizon. Residential houses in the left below were torn down not long after the picture were taken to make room for the construction of Legation Quarter according to Article 7 of Boxer Protocol. caption attribution description: English: Photograph in Album of photographs of Peking and its environs. content: The Dongcheng District of Beijing covers the eastern half of Beijing's urban core, including all of the eastern half of the Old City inside of the 2nd Ring Road with the northernmost extent crossing into the area within the 3rd Ring Road. Its 40.6 km² area is further subdivided into 17 subdistricts.
Settlement in the area dates back over a millennium. It did not formally become a district of the city until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911. The name Dongcheng was first given to it in a 1958 reorganization; it has existed in its current form since a 2010 merger with the former Chongwen District to its south.
Dongcheng includes many of Beijing's major cultural attractions, such as the Forbidden City and Temple of Heaven, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites. More than a quarter of the city's Major National Historical and Cultural Sites are inside its boundaries, with a similar percentage of those protected at the municipal level. Tiananmen Square is also in Dongcheng, along with other popular destinations for domestic and international tourists such as the bars and nightlife in the hutongs of Nanluoguxiang and the shopping in Wangfujing.


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title: Sverdlov-class cruiser section title: Ships hierarchical section title: Sverdlov-class cruiser / Ships caption reference description: Aleksandr Nevsky caption attribution description: English: A starboard quarter view of the Soviet light cruiser Aleksandr Nevskiy underway. Русский: Крейсер Александр Невский в Атлантическом океане, 26 октября 1983 года content: The Sverdlov-class cruisers, Soviet designation Project 68bis, were the last conventional gun cruisers built for the Soviet Navy. They were built in the 1950s and were based on Russian, German, and Italian designs and concepts developed prior to the Second World War. They were modified to improve their sea keeping capabilities, allowing them to run at high speed in the rough waters of the North Atlantic. The basic hull was more modern and had better armor protection than the vast majority of the post World War II gun cruiser designs built and deployed by peer nations. They also carried an extensive suite of modern radar equipment and anti-aircraft artillery. The Soviets originally planned to build 40 ships in the class, which would be supported by the Stalingrad-class battlecruisers and aircraft carriers.
This class of cruiser satisfied the desire of Stalin, and of the leadership within the Soviet Navy, for a ship that was in keeping with a Naval doctrine focused on three priorities: supporting the defense of the Russian coastline, operating out of naval bases worldwide, and protecting Arctic, Baltic, Mediterranean and Black Sea interests.

title: John Gilchrist Inglis section title: "Buster Crabb Affair" hierarchical section title: John Gilchrist Inglis / "Buster Crabb Affair" caption reference description: Ordzhonikidze was a Sverdlov-class cruiser similar to that shown in this photograph (Alexander Nevsky). caption attribution description: English: A starboard quarter view of the Soviet light cruiser Aleksandr Nevskiy underway. Русский: Крейсер Александр Невский в Атлантическом океане, 26 октября 1983 года content: Vice-Admiral Sir John Gilchrist Thesiger Inglis, KBE, CB, sometimes known as Tommy Inglis, was a Royal Navy officer who served as Director of Naval Intelligence from 1954 to 1960. In this capacity, he attempted to cover-up the "Buster Crabb affair" in 1956.

title: Thunderball (novel) section title: Background hierarchical section title: Thunderball (novel) / Background caption reference description: Ordzhonikidze was a Sverdlov-class cruiser, the Soviet cruiser Ordzhonikidze, similar to that shown in this photograph (Alexander Nevsky). caption attribution description: English: A starboard quarter view of the Soviet light cruiser Aleksandr Nevskiy underway. Русский: Крейсер Александр Невский в Атлантическом океане, 26 октября 1983 года content: Thunderball is the ninth book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, and the eighth full-length Bond novel. It was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 27 March 1961, where the initial print run of 50,938 copies quickly sold out. The first novelization of an unfilmed James Bond screenplay, it was born from a collaboration by five people: Ian Fleming, Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, Ivar Bryce and Ernest Cuneo, although the controversial shared credit of Fleming, McClory and Whittingham was the result of a courtroom decision.
The story centres on the theft of two atomic bombs by the crime syndicate SPECTRE and the subsequent attempted blackmail of the Western powers for their return. James Bond, Secret Service operative 007, travels to the Bahamas to work with his friend Felix Leiter, seconded back into the CIA for the investigation. Thunderball also introduces SPECTRE's leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld, in the first of three appearances in Bond novels, with On Her Majesty's Secret Service and You Only Live Twice being the others.
Thunderball has been adapted four times, once in a comic strip format for the Daily Express newspaper, twice for the cinema and once for the radio.

title: Lionel Crabb section title: Disappearance hierarchical section title: Lionel Crabb / Crabb Affair / Disappearance caption reference description: Ordzhonikidze was a Sverdlov-class cruiser similar to that shown in this photograph (Alexander Nevsky). caption attribution description: English: A starboard quarter view of the Soviet light cruiser Aleksandr Nevskiy underway. Русский: Крейсер Александр Невский в Атлантическом океане, 26 октября 1983 года content: Lieutenant-Commander Lionel Kenneth Phillip Crabb, OBE, GM, known as Buster Crabb, was a Royal Navy frogman and MI6 diver who vanished during a reconnaissance mission around a Soviet cruiser berthed at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1956.


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title: Pliny the Elder hierarchical section title: Pliny the Elder caption reference description: Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th century portrait. No contemporary depiction of Pliny has survived. content: Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian.
Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Natural History, which became a model for many subsequent encyclopedic texts.
Pliny the Elder died on 25 August 79 AD. He was attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The eruption had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

title: Eikev section title: Biblical hierarchical section title: Eikev / Further reading / Biblical caption reference description: Pliny content: Eikev, Ekev, Ekeb, Aikev, or Eqeb is the 46th weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Deuteronomy. It comprises Deuteronomy 7:12–11:25. The parashah tells of the blessings of obedience to God, the dangers of forgetting God, and directions for taking the Land of Israel. Moses recalls the making and re-making of the Tablets of Stone, the incident of the Golden Calf, Aaron's death, the Levites' duties, and exhortations to serve God.
The parashah is made up of 6,865 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, 111 verses, and 232 lines in a Torah Scroll. Jews generally read it in August or on rare occasion in late July.


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title: Joachim Irgens von Westervick hierarchical section title: Joachim Irgens von Westervick caption reference description: Coat of arms of Joachim Irgens von Westervick in a modern drawing. content: Joachim Irgens von Westervick, born as Jochum Jürgens, was a Dano-Norwegian nobleman, a Danish official and an estate owner in Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands. The Danish variant of his name by birth was Joachim Irgens.


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title: List of number-one albums of 2008 (Australia) hierarchical section title: List of number-one albums of 2008 (Australia) caption reference description: Pink, whose album Funhouse was the second highest seller of 2008 caption attribution description: English: Pink at 2007 E! Golden Globe after party. caption alt text description: A woman with short blond hair content: The highest-selling albums in Australia are ranked in the Australian Recording Industry Association albums chart, also known as the ARIA Charts, published by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The data are compiled from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at electronics and department stores and Internet sales, in other words, both digital as well as CD sales. ARIA also issues a weekly singles chart and an end of year albums and singles chart, among other charts.
Alternative rock band Kings of Leon's Only by the Night had the longest non-consecutive run among the releases that have reached peak position in 2008; it spent 14 non-consecutive weeks atop the chart, beginning with the week of 29 September and continuing into the 2009 chart year. Funhouse by Pink, which spent nine weeks at number one, had the longest consecutive run at number one. Other albums with extended chart runs include Sleep Through the Static by Jack Johnson, which spent six weeks at number one, Timbaland Presents Shock Value by Timbaland and Mamma Mia! The Movie Soundtrack Featuring the Songs of ABBA by the cast of the film Mamma Mia!, both of which spent five weeks at number one.


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title: CIA activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo section title: The CIA and Joseph Mobutu hierarchical section title: CIA activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo / The CIA and Joseph Mobutu caption reference description: Mobutu Sese Seko and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973 content: The Congo, short for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is an equatorial country located in central Africa. As of July 2018, the CIA World Factbook lists the Congo containing over 85 million inhabitants representing over 200 African ethnic groups. French is the country's official language, and Catholics comprise the largest religious group at fifty percent. The Congo was colonized by King Leopold II of Belgium in 1885, and known as Belgian Congo until independence in 1960. In recent decades, the CIA has been involved in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, especially in relation to the CIA's considerations and plans to assassinate former Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba. Patrice Lumumba was the legally elected first prime minister of the independent country. Lumumba was killed on January 17, 1961, at the age of thirty-five near Élisabethville, Katanga Even before the independence of the Congo, the U.S. government attempted to facilitate the election of a pro-western government by identifying and supporting individual pro-U.S. leaders.


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title: Neve Shalom section title: History hierarchical section title: Neve Shalom / History caption reference description: Neve Shalom, Jewish-Arab village in Israel caption attribution description: English: Neve Shalom, Jewish-Arab village in Israel עברית: נווה שלום, יישוב יהודי-ערבי, ישראל content: Neve Shalom, also known as Wāħat as-Salām is a cooperative village in Israel, jointly founded by Israeli Jews and Arabs in an attempt to show that the two peoples can live side by side peacefully, as well as to conduct educational work for peace, equality and understanding between the two peoples. The village is located on one of the two Latrun hilltops overlooking the Ayalon Valley, and lies midway between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Falling under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council, in 2018 it had a population of 295.


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title: Zmeitsa section title: Sights hierarchical section title: Zmeitsa / Sights caption reference description: Roman-style bridge caption attribution description: Български: Античен римски мост над Сърнена река, край село Змеица, България English: Ancient Roman bridge over Sarnena River, near village Zmeitsa Italiano: Antico ponte romano sul fiume Sarnena Reka nei pressi del villaggio di Zmeitsa content: Zmeitsa is a village in southwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the municipality of Dospat, Smolyan Province.


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title: Boca Raton, Florida section title: Beaches and parks hierarchical section title: Boca Raton, Florida / Culture and attractions / Beaches and parks caption reference description: Beach entrance in Boca Raton. caption attribution description: English: Beach entrance content: Boca Raton, is the southernmost city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It was first incorporated on August 2, 1924, as "Bocaratone," and then incorporated as "Boca Raton" in 1925. The 2019 population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 99,805. Known as one of the wealthiest cities in South Florida with common sights of yachts, private jets, exotic cars, and mansions which are concentrated in the Downtown, Coastal, and Gated Country Club Communities. With a multitude of amenities such as golf, tennis, racquetball, polo, swimming pools, spas, gyms, and restaurants, Boca Raton has been consistently highly ranked for fitness and leisure. Outside of the Boca Raton city jurisdiction, there are approximately 200,000 people with a Boca Raton postal address, even though they live outside of municipal boundaries, such as West Boca Raton. As a business center, the city experiences significant daytime population increases. Boca Raton is 44 miles north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,012,331 people as of 2015.


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title: Google I/O section title: 2017 hierarchical section title: Google I/O / Announcements and highlights / 2017 caption reference description: Sundar Pichai at the Google I/O 2017 Keynote caption attribution description: English: Sundar Pichai at the Google I/O 2017 Keynote content: Google I/O is an annual developer conference held by Google in Mountain View, California. "I/O" stands for input/output, as well as the slogan "Innovation in the Open". The event's format is similar to Google Developer Day.


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title: Isaias Afwerki hierarchical section title: Isaias Afwerki caption reference description: Afwerki in 2002 caption attribution description: English: Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki in joint press briefing in Asmara, December, 10, 2002. Deutsch: Isavas Afewerki (* 2. Februar 1946 in Asmara), seit 1993 Staatspräsident von Eritrae, der ostafrikanischen Republik. content: Isaias Afwerki is an Eritrean politician who has been the first and current president of Eritrea, a position he has held since after the Eritrean War of Independence in 1993. He led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in May 1991, ending the 30-year-old war for independence.
Isaias is the leader of Eritrea's sole legal political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. He has been cited for human rights violations by the United Nations and Amnesty International. In 2015, Reporters Without Borders ranked Eritrea under the government of President Isaias Afewerki last in its Press Freedom Index for the eighth year running.

title: Isaias Afewerki hierarchical section title: Isaias Afewerki caption attribution description: English: Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki in joint press briefing in Asmara, December, 10, 2002. Deutsch: Isavas Afewerki (* 2. Februar 1946 in Asmara), seit 1993 Staatspräsident von Eritrae, der ostafrikanischen Republik. content: Isaias Afwerki President of Eritrea in 1993.

title: Freedom of press in Eritrea section title: Political status hierarchical section title: Freedom of press in Eritrea / Political status caption reference description: Eritrean President, Isaias Afwerki in 2002 caption attribution description: English: Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki in joint press briefing in Asmara, December, 10, 2002. Deutsch: Isavas Afewerki (* 2. Februar 1946 in Asmara), seit 1993 Staatspräsident von Eritrae, der ostafrikanischen Republik. content: Although the Eritrean constitution guarantees freedoms of speech and press, Eritrea has been ranked as one of the worst countries in terms of freedom of the press. In the last couple of decades, the government led by Isaias Afwerki took drastic measures towards limiting the press's freedom in Eritrea.

title: List of heads of state of Eritrea hierarchical section title: List of heads of state of Eritrea caption attribution description: English: Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki in joint press briefing in Asmara, December, 10, 2002. Deutsch: Isavas Afewerki (* 2. Februar 1946 in Asmara), seit 1993 Staatspräsident von Eritrae, der ostafrikanischen Republik. content: This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea. Since the establishment of the office of President in 1993, the office has been held by Isaias Afewerki. The President is the head of state and head of government of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-chief of the Eritrean Defence Forces.
The list also includes Secretary-General of the Provisional Government, who acted as head of state of Eritrea between 1991 and 1993, before the proclamation of independence.


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title: Former Residence of Deng Xiaoping hierarchical section title: Former Residence of Deng Xiaoping caption reference description: Former Residence of Deng Xiaoping caption attribution description: English: Deng Xiaoping's former residence content: The Former Residence of Deng Xiaoping was built in the late Qing dynasty. It is located in Paifang Village of Xiexing Town, Guang'an District, Guang'an City, Sichuan, China. It has a building area of about 833.4 m², embodies buildings such as the old houses, the statue of Deng Xiaoping, the Dezheng Place, the Cultural relics Exhibition Hall, the Hanlin Yard.

title: AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China section title: List hierarchical section title: AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China / List caption attribution description: English: Deng Xiaoping's former residence content: Tourist attractions or scenic areas rated as AAAAA are the most important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China, given the highest level in the rating categories used by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. As of 2020, there are 279 tourist attractions listed as 5A.