Question: which mountain range is this lake belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: Titisee content: Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus drain eventually into the Upper Rhine between Tiengen and Waldshut. On the north shore lies the spa town of the same

title: Titisee content: name, today a part of the municipality of Titisee-Neustadt. There are various theories about the origin of the unusual name "Titisee": In 1840, two sarcophagi made of worked tuff were found below a knoll by the outflow of the Gutach from the Titisee. In 2011, the archaeologist, Andreas Haasis-Berner, published an article stating that they had to date to the period between 700 and 900. Hitherto, it had been thought that the High Black Forest had been unsettled during the first millennium. The first records of the lake date to 1050 and the abbey of Allerheiligen in Schaffhausen, where the

title: Titisee content: seen. The shores of the Titisee are home to two rare types of quillworts, the spring quillwort and the lake quillwort. Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus

Answer: Black Forest

Answer: Schwarzwald

Answer: Black Forest


Question: What is the country of origin of this food?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: Nougat content: Nougat Nougat ( , , or ; ; Azerbaijani: لوکا; Persian: ) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit. The consistency of nougat is chewy, and it is used in a variety of candy bars and chocolates. The word "nougat" comes from Occitan "pan nogat" (), seemingly from Latin "panis nucatus" 'nut bread' (the late colloquial Latin adjective "nucatum" means 'nutted' or 'nutty'). There are three basic kinds of nougat. The first, and most common, is white nougat

title: Nougat content: (' or ' in Italy, ' in Spain), made with beaten egg whites and honey; it appeared in Cologna Veneta, Italy, in the early 15th century, in Alicante, Spain with the first published recipe in the 16th century, and in Montélimar, France, in the 18th century. The second is brown nougat ("nougat noir" in French, literally "black nougat"), which is made without egg whites and has a firmer, often crunchy texture. The third is the Viennese or German nougat which is essentially a chocolate and nut (usually hazelnut) praline. Many legends exist around nougat’s origins. The early recipes of white

title: Nougat content: nougat, probably borrowed from Central Asia, were found in a Middle Eastern book in Baghdad the 10th century. That nougat was called '. One of these recipes indicates that the ' comes from Harran, a city located between Urfa (now in southeast Turkey) and Aleppo, Syria. Mention of ' was found in a triangle between Urfa, Aleppo, and Baghdad. At the end of the 10th century, the traveler and geographer Ibn Hawqal wrote that he ate some ' in Manbij (in modern Syria) and Bukhara (in modern Uzbekistan). It’s from Tabriz city in Azarbaijan in Iran. In southern Europe, nougat

title: Nougat content: is an important component of all Christmas meals. ' is produced in Spain, "Nougat" in southern France, ', ' or even ' and "cubbaita" – from Latin ' in Cremona, Taurianova and Sicily in Italy, in Greece where it is known as ' or ', Malta (where it is known as ' and sold in village festivals), Romania (where it is known as "" sold in local festivals and fairgrounds, mainly on the Sunday of Forgiveness preceding the Easter Lent), and in local variant form in Tabriz, Iran where it is known as "Nowga". The nougat that appears in many

title: Nougat content: modern candy bars in the United States and United Kingdom is different from traditional recipes, being a mixture of sucrose and corn syrup aerated with a whipping agent such as egg white or hydrolyzed soya protein or gelatine. It may also include vegetable fats and milk powder. This type of nougat is often used as a filler by large candy companies, since it is inexpensive to make. Typically it is combined with nuts, caramel, or chocolate. But some American confections feature such nougat as the primary component, rather than one of several. Varieties of nougat are found in Reese's Fast

title: Nougat content: Break, Snickers, Double Decker, ZERO bars, and Baby Ruth bars. Whipped nougat is the feature ingredient in 3 Musketeers bars. In Britain, nougat is traditionally made in the style of the southern European varieties, and is commonly found at fairgrounds and seaside resorts. The most common industrially produced type is coloured pink and white, the pink often fruit flavoured, and sometimes wrapped in edible rice paper with almonds and cherries. Spanish "" follows the traditional recipes with toasted nuts (commonly almonds), sugar, honey, and egg whites. ' from Italy includes these same basic ingredients as well as vanilla or citrus

title: Nougat content: flavoring, and is often sandwiched between two very thin sheets of rice paper. The Venetian town of Cologna Veneta is well known for its nougat production, especially the type called ', always based on honey, sugar, egg whites, and almonds (also known as ' in Italian) but with a different taste and harder to bite than '. "Wiener (Viennese) Nougat" is a variant which contains only sugar, cocoa butter, nuts, and cocoa mass, and has a mellow consistency. The nuts used for Viennese nougat are usually hazelnuts. In Germany and the Nordic countries, Viennese nougat is what has traditionally been

title: Nougat content: associated with and labelled as nougat, while in Sweden and Denmark the original nougat is referred to as "French nougat". In Germany, gianduja is traditionally called nougat. Nougat Nougat ( , , or ; ; Azerbaijani: لوکا; Persian: ) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit. The consistency of nougat is chewy, and it is used in a variety of candy bars and chocolates. The word "nougat" comes from Occitan "pan nogat" (), seemingly from Latin "panis nucatus"

Answer: Italy

Answer: Italy

Answer: Italian Republic

Answer: Republic of Italy

Answer: Italia

Answer: Repubblica Italiana

Answer: ITA

Answer: IT


Question: Which significant event was held in this bridge?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

title: "Charles Bridge" content: Charles Bridge Charles Bridge ( ) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic. Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV, and finished in the beginning of the 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge ("Kamenný most") or Prague Bridge ("Pražský most") but has been "Charles Bridge" since 1870. As the only means of crossing the river Vltava (Moldau) until 1841, Charles Bridge was the most important connection

title: "Charles Bridge" content: most of them baroque-style, originally erected around 1700 but now all replaced by replicas. Repairs are scheduled to start in late 2019, and should take around 20 years. Throughout its history, Charles Bridge has suffered several disasters and witnessed many historic events. Czech legend has it that construction began on Charles Bridge at 5:31am on 9 July 1357 with the first stone being laid by Charles IV himself. This exact time was very important to the Holy Roman Emperor because he was a strong believer in numerology and felt that this specific time, which formed a palindrome (1357 9, 7

title: "Charles Bridge" content: the 1870s, the first regular public-transport (omnibus) line went over the bridge (officially called "Charles Bridge" after 1870) later replaced by a horse tram. The bridge towers underwent a thorough reconstruction between 1874 and 1883. On 2–5 September 1890, another disastrous flood struck Prague and severely damaged Charles Bridge. Thousands of rafts, logs and other floating materials that escaped from places upstream gradually formed a huge barrier leaning against the bridge. Three arches were torn down by the great pressure and two pillars collapsed from being undermined by the water, while others were partly damaged. With the fifth pillar, two

title: "Charles Bridge" content: tram and later, in 1908, with buses. At the end of World War II, a barricade was built in the Old Town bridge tower gateway. A capital repair of the bridge took place between 1965 and 1978, based on a collaboration among various scientific and cultural institutes. The stability of the pillars was reassured, all broken stone blocks were replaced, and the asphalt top was removed. All vehicular traffic has been excluded from Charles Bridge since then, making it accessible by pedestrians only. The repair cost 50 million crowns. During the 1990s, some people started criticizing the previous reconstruction of

title: "Charles Bridge" content: the bridge and proposing further work. As of the beginning of the new millennium, most of the experts appeared to agree that the previous reconstruction had not been flawless but disputed the need for further interference with the bridge. However, after the disastrous floods of 2002 (which themselves caused only minor harm to the bridge), support for an overall bridge reconstruction grew. It was decided that repair and stabilization of the two pillars (numbers 8 and 9) on the Malá Strana side of the bridge would be done. These are the only river pillars that were not repaired after the

title: "Charles Bridge" content: 1890 floods. The reconstruction was a gradual process that closed off parts of the bridge without closing the span entirely. Performed from 2008 to 2010, the work included bolstering the pillars and building a new hydroisolation system protecting the bridge. It also encompassed a re-pavimentation of the bridge's pavement and the replacement of many of the stones in the bridge walls, a matter which was controversial due to a heavy-handed approach adopted by the restoration team, which had no previous experience in restoration of cultural heritage monuments. The result has been criticised by conservation professionals all over Europe (see photos

title: "Charles Bridge" content: of the statues have been systematically replaced by replicas, and the originals have been exhibited in the Lapidarium of the National Museum. Charles Bridge Charles Bridge ( ) is a historic bridge that crosses the Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic. Its construction started in 1357 under the auspices of King Charles IV, and finished in the beginning of the 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been badly damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge ("Kamenný most") or Prague Bridge ("Pražský most") but has been "Charles

Answer: construction

Answer: construction

Answer: building

Answer: ISIC F

Answer: construction work

Answer: NACE F

Answer: building construction


Question: Which historic county does this village belong to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: Stilton content: Stilton Stilton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England, about north of Huntingdon in Huntingdonshire, which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England. There is evidence of Neolithic occupation of the parish. The Roman finds dug up in the village include a silver ring and a 2nd century jug. Archaeologists have also found a potential Roman settlement in the village and a Roman cheese press. Stilton was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Normancross in Huntingdonshire; the name of the settlement was written as "Stichiltone" and "Sticilitone" in

title: Stilton content: as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax. The parish council consists of twelve councillors and a parish clerk. The parish council normally meets on the second

title: Stilton content: Tuesday of the month (except in August) in the parish meeting room. Stilton was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Stilton became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire. The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its offices in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services

title: Stilton content: such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Stilton is a district ward and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council. For Stilton the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Stilton is part of the electoral division of "Norman Cross" and is

title: Stilton content: Cheese", "The Bell", "The Talbot" and Colbrook's, a Rolls Royce and Bentley specialist garage. Stilton Stilton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England, about north of Huntingdon in Huntingdonshire, which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as a historic county of England. There is evidence of Neolithic occupation of the parish. The Roman finds dug up in the village include a silver ring and a 2nd century jug. Archaeologists have also found a potential Roman settlement in the village and a Roman cheese press. Stilton was listed in the Domesday Book in the Hundred of Normancross

Answer: Huntingdonshire

Answer: County of Huntingdon

Answer: Huntingdonshire


Question: what is the date this aircraft took the first flight?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: "Boeing 767" content: 757, resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft. The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths. The original 767-200 entered service in 1982, followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER, an extended-range (ER) variant, in 2000. The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988, respectively, while a production freighter version, the 767-300F, debuted in 1995. Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use, while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft, the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers, and

title: "Boeing 767" content: VIP transports. Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6, Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000, and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans. United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982. The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes, during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design. In 1985, the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights. The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium- to long-haul intercontinental routes. In 1986, Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767, ultimately leading to the development of

title: "Boeing 767" content: the risks associated with introducing a new aircraft. The carrier maintained this position until July 1981, when a US presidential task force determined that a crew of two was safe for operating wide-body jets. A three-crew cockpit remained as an option and was fitted to the first production models. Ansett Australia ordered 767s with three-crew cockpits due to union demands; it was the only airline to operate 767s so configured. The 767's two-crew cockpit was also applied to the 757, allowing pilots to operate both aircraft after a short conversion course, and adding incentive for airlines to purchase both types.

title: "Boeing 767" content: in July 1979. The prototype aircraft, registered N767BA and equipped with JT9D turbofans, rolled out on August 4, 1981. By this time, the 767 program had accumulated 173 firm orders from 17 customers, including Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Britannia Airways, Transbrasil, and Trans World Airlines (TWA). On September 26, 1981, the prototype took its maiden flight under the command of company test pilots Tommy Edmonds, Lew Wallick, and John Brit. The maiden flight was largely uneventful, save for the inability to retract the landing gear because of a hydraulic fluid leak. The prototype was used for subsequent flight tests.

title: "Boeing 767" content: Authority (CAA) in July 1982. The first delivery occurred on August 19, 1982, to United Airlines. The CF6-powered 767-200 received certification in September 1982, followed by the first delivery to Delta Air Lines on October 25, 1982. The 767 entered service with United Airlines on September 8, 1982. The aircraft's first commercial flight used a JT9D-powered 767-200 on the Chicago-to-Denver route. The CF6-powered 767-200 commenced service three months later with Delta Air Lines. Upon delivery, early 767s were mainly deployed on domestic routes, including US transcontinental services. American Airlines and TWA began flying the 767-200 in late 1982, while Air

title: "Boeing 767" content: to capitalize on its new wide-body's potential for growth, Boeing offered an extended-range model, the 767-200ER, in its first year of service. Ethiopian Airlines placed the first order for the type in December 1982. Featuring increased gross weight and greater fuel capacity, the extended-range model could carry heavier payloads at distances up to , and was targeted at overseas customers. The 767-200ER entered service with El Al Airline on March 27, 1984. The type was mainly ordered by international airlines operating medium-traffic, long-distance flights. In the mid-1980s, the 767 spearheaded the growth of twinjet flights across the northern Atlantic under

title: "Boeing 767" content: proposing larger models, including a partial double-deck version informally named the "Hunchback of Mukilteo" (from a town near Boeing's Everett factory) with a 757 body section mounted over the aft main fuselage. In 1986, Boeing proposed the 767-X, a revised model with extended wings and a wider cabin, but received little interest. By 1988, the 767-X had evolved into an all-new twinjet, which revived the 777 designation. Until the 777's 1995 debut, the 767-300 and 767-300ER remained Boeing's second-largest wide-bodies behind the 747. Buoyed by a recovering global economy and ETOPS approval, 767 sales accelerated in the mid-to-late 1980s; 1989

title: "Boeing 767" content: service with United Airlines in 1982. The type has been used primarily by mainline U.S. carriers for domestic routes between major hub centers such as Los Angeles to Washington. The 767-200 was the first aircraft to be used on transatlantic ETOPS flights, beginning with TWA on February 1, 1985 under 90-minute diversion rules. Deliveries for the variant totaled 128 aircraft. There were 52 passenger and freighter conversions of the model in commercial service . The type's competitors included the Airbus A300 and A310. The 767-200 ceased production in the late 1980s, superseded by the extended-range 767-200ER. Some early 767-200s were

title: "Boeing 767" content: roll off the assembly line, older models have been retired and stored or scrapped. One complete aircraft, N102DAthe first 767-200 to operate for Delta Air Lines and the twelfth example built, is currently on display. It was withdrawn from use and stored at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2006. The exhibition aircraft, named "The Spirit of Delta" by the employees who helped purchase it in 1982, underwent restoration at the Delta Flight Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. The restoration was completed in 2010. Boeing 767 The Boeing 767 is a mid- to large-size, mid- to long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built

Answer: 1981 9 26

Answer: 9 26 1981

Answer: 1980 9 26

Answer: 26 September 1981

Answer: 1980

Answer: 9 26 1982

Answer: September 26 1980

Answer: 26 9 1981

Answer: 1981 September 26

Answer: 1980 September 26

Answer: 1981

Answer: 1982

Answer: 26 9 1980

Answer: 1982 9 26

Answer: 1982 September 26

Answer: 9 26 1980

Answer: 26 September 1980

Answer: 1981 9 26

Answer: September 26 1982

Answer: September 26 1981

Answer: 26 September 1982

Answer: 26 9 1982


Question: What equipment or engine is used by this aircraft to provide power?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Tupolev Tu-134" content: properties. The aircraft had entered pitch-up: the high-mounted tailplane became trapped in the turbulent wake produced by the wings (deep stall), which prevented recovery from the stall. As a result, the tailplane on Tu-124A was enlarged by 30% for greater control authority. Since Aeroflot's requirements dictated a larger aircraft than initially planned, the Soloviev Design Bureau developed the more powerful D-30 low-bypass turbofan engines. On 20 November 1963, the new airliner was designated Tu-134. Design curiosities of the Tu-134 included a sharp wing sweepback of 35 degrees, compared to 25–28 degrees in its counterparts. The engines on early production Tu-134s

title: "Tupolev Tu-134" content: aircraft had 56 seats in a single class configuration, or 50 seats in a two-class configuration. In 1968, Tupolev began work on an improved Tu-134 variant with a 72-seat capacity. The fuselage received a plug for greater passenger capacity and an auxiliary power unit in the tail. As a result, the maximum range was reduced from 3,100 kilometers to 2,770 kilometers. The upgraded D-30 engines now featured thrust reversers, replacing the parachute. The first Tu-134A, converted from a production Tu-134, flew on 22 April 1969. The first airline flight was on 9 November 1970. An upgraded version, the Tu-134B began

Answer: Soloviev D-30

Answer: D-30KU

Answer: D-30

Answer: Soloviev D-30

Answer: Aviadvigatel D-30


Question: What is this plant named after?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "Morus (plant)" content: would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms. It was much used in folk medicine, especially in the treatment of ringworm. Mulberries are also widespread in Greece, particularly in the Peloponnese, which in the Middle Ages was known as Morea, deriving from the Greek word for the tree (, ""). Mulberries can be grown from seed, and this is often advised as seedling-grown trees are generally of better shape and health, but they are most often planted from large cuttings which root readily. The mulberry plants which are allowed to grow tall with a crown height of from ground level

Answer: Morea

Answer: Morea


Question: Where is the lake outflow to?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: Titisee content: Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus drain eventually into the Upper Rhine between Tiengen and Waldshut. On the north shore lies the spa town of the same

title: Titisee content: seen. The shores of the Titisee are home to two rare types of quillworts, the spring quillwort and the lake quillwort. Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus

Answer: Wutach

Answer: Wutach


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this plant?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "Calystegia sepium" content: Calystegia sepium Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed) (formerly "Convolvulus sepium") is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the temperate Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2–4 m, rarely 5 m. The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally, simple, pointed at the tip and arrowhead shaped, 5–10 cm long and 3–7 cm broad. The flowers are white, or pale pink with five darker stripes, produced from late spring to the end of

title: "Calystegia sepium" content: summer. In the bud, they are covered by large bracts which remain but scarcely overlap and do not cover the sepals of the open flower. The open flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–7 cm diameter, white, or pale pink with white stripes. After flowering the fruit develops as an almost spherical capsule 1 cm diameter containing two to four large, black seeds that are shaped like quartered oranges. The seeds disperse and thrive in fields, borders, roadsides and open woods. Several regional subspecies have been described, but they are not considered distinct by all authorities: Other vernacular names include greater bindweed, bearbind,

title: "Calystegia sepium" content: hedge convolvulus, hooded bindweed, old man's nightcap, wild morning glory, bride's gown, wedlock (referring to the white gown-like flowers and the binding nature of the vine), white witches hat, belle of the ball. A common childhood pastime in the UK is to 'pop' the flowers from the sepals while chanting "Granny, granny — pop out of bed". "Calystegia sepium" is a plant with showy white flowers. However, because of its quick growth, clinging vines and broad leaves, it can overwhelm and pull down cultivated plants including shrubs and small trees. Its aggressive self-seeding (seeds can remain viable as long as

title: "Calystegia sepium" content: 30 years) and the success of its creeping rhizomes (they can be as long as 3–4 m) cause it to be a persistent weed and have led to its classification as a noxious weed. Calystegia sepium Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed, Rutland beauty, bugle vine, heavenly trumpets, bellbind, granny-pop-out-of-bed) (formerly "Convolvulus sepium") is a species of bindweed, with a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the temperate Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an herbaceous perennial that twines around other plants, in a counter-clockwise direction, to a height of up to 2–4 m, rarely 5 m. The pale matte green leaves are arranged spirally,

Answer: Calystegia

Answer: morning glory

Answer: morning glories

Answer: Calystegia


Question: Who are the structure engineers of this building?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: "Menai Suspension Bridge" content: Menai Suspension Bridge The Menai Suspension Bridge () is a suspension bridge to carry road traffic between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. The bridge was designed by Thomas Telford and completed in 1826 and is a Grade I listed building. Before the bridge was completed in 1826, the island had no fixed connection to the mainland and the primary means of access to and from Anglesey was by ferry across the fast flowing and dangerous waters of the Menai Strait. The main source of income on Anglesey was from the sale of cattle, and to move

title: "Menai Suspension Bridge" content: them to the markets of the mainland, including London, they had to be driven into the water and encouraged to swim across the Strait, a dangerous practice which often resulted in the loss of valuable animals. With Holyhead as the closest point to, and thus one of the principal ports for ferries to Dublin, Engineer Thomas Telford was engaged to complete a survey of the route from London to Holyhead, and he proposed that a bridge should be built over the Menai Strait from a point near Bangor on the mainland to the village of Porthaethwy (which is now also

title: "Menai Suspension Bridge" content: railings and stanchions is featured on the reverse of British one-pound coins minted in 2005. The coin was designed by Edwins Ellis. Menai Suspension Bridge The Menai Suspension Bridge () is a suspension bridge to carry road traffic between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. The bridge was designed by Thomas Telford and completed in 1826 and is a Grade I listed building. Before the bridge was completed in 1826, the island had no fixed connection to the mainland and the primary means of access to and from Anglesey was by ferry across the fast flowing and

Answer: Thomas Telford

Answer: Thomas Telford


Question: Which city or region does this building locate in?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

title: "Novi Sad Synagogue" content: Novi Sad Synagogue Novi Sad Synagogue ( or ) is one of many cultural institutions in Novi Sad, Serbia, in the capital of Serbian the province of Vojvodina. Located on Jevrejska (Jewish) Street, in the city center, the synagogue has been recognized as a historic landmark. It served the local Neolog congregation. The new synagogue, the fifth to be erected at the same location since the 18th century, became a major project for the entire Jewish community of Novi Sad, on which construction began in 1905 and was completed in 1909. Projected by Hungarian architect Baumhorn Lipót, it was part

title: "Novi Sad Synagogue" content: of a bigger complex of buildings that included on both sides of the synagogue two edifices decorated in a similar pattern: One building served as the Jewish school and other as offices of the Jewish community. More than 4,000 Jews lived in Novi Sad before the Second World War, out of a total population of 80,000. Only about 1,000 of them survived the Holocaust that followed the German invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941 and the annexation of Bačka region by Hungary. Many moved to Israel after the war. There are an estimated 400 Jews living in Novi Sad today. Currently,

title: "Novi Sad Synagogue" content: while the synagogue is not used for religious ceremonies, it is used for many cultural concerts and events. In 1991 Novi Sad Synagogue was added to Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Great Importance list, and it is protected by Republic of Serbia. Novi Sad Synagogue Novi Sad Synagogue ( or ) is one of many cultural institutions in Novi Sad, Serbia, in the capital of Serbian the province of Vojvodina. Located on Jevrejska (Jewish) Street, in the city center, the synagogue has been recognized as a historic landmark. It served the local Neolog congregation. The new synagogue, the fifth to be

Answer: Novi Sad

Answer: Újvidék

Answer: Нови Сад

Answer: Novi Sad

Answer: Ujvidek


Question: Which continent does this building belong to?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Belogradchik Rocks" content: Rabisha. Another tourist attraction in the area is the Baba Vida medieval fortress in the nearby town of Vidin on the Danube river. The Bulgarian Committee of the Natural Environment declared the rocks as a natural monument in 1949, and the rocks were listed in the Bulgarian National Register of Natural Landmarks in 1987. In 1984, the Belogradchik Rocks and the Magura Cave were both placed on the Tentative List of places to be named to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list. The Belogradchik Rocks are under consideration as a Geopark in the European Geoparks Network and the UNESCO Global

title: "Belogradchik Rocks" content: Geoparks Network. In September 2008, Belogradchik was named as one of twenty finalists by the European Commission as a “European Destination of Excellence.” In January 2009, the Belogradchik Rocks were named as Bulgaria’s nomination in the campaign for the New 7 Wonders of Nature. The Madonna – Once there were a monastery and nunnery amongst the Belogradchik Rocks. There lived a beautiful nun, who was secretly envied by all for her beauty. More than once, the old Mother Superior reminded the nun not to forget that even though she was young and pretty, that she had taken the veil and

Answer: Europe

Answer: European continent

Answer: Europe

Answer: Old Continent


Question: Who is the architect of this building?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: "Manila Cathedral" content: 1945 during the Battle of Manila, as the Second World War neared its conclusion. The present incarnation of the cathedral was constructed from 1954 to 1958 under Most Rev. Rufino J. Cardinal Santos, and under the supervision of the notable Filipino architect Fernando H. Ocampo. Pope Paul VI made an apostolic visit and celebrated Mass in the cathedral in 1970. Pope John Paul II issued a papal bull "Quod Ipsum" on April 27, 1981, elevating the shrine to a minor basilica through his own "Motu Proprio". In the same papal bull, he reiterated that Pope Paul VI's papal decree of

Answer: Fernando H. Ocampo

Answer: Fernando Hizon Ocampo

Answer: Fernando H. Ocampo


Question: Who designed this bridge?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

title: "Franz Joseph Bridge" content: Franz Joseph Bridge Franz Joseph Bridge (), later renamed Štefanik Bridge (), was a suspension bridge over the Vltava in Prague, opened in 1868. The bridge was designed by the English engineer Rowland Mason Ordish. The design, which used the Ordish–Lefeuvre system, was originally created for the Albert Bridge over the River Thames in London. However, after construction of the Albert Bridge was delayed, Ordish decided to build a bridge in Prague first. The foundation stone was laid on 19 October 1865, and engineer František Schön was charged with supervising the construction work. Emperor Franz Joseph, after whom the bridge

title: "Franz Joseph Bridge" content: longer bear the increasing traffic in Czechoslovakia's capital, and the authorities began considering its replacement. It was named after the Czech composer Leoš Janáček for a short period in the 1940s. The bridge was demolished in 1941 and replaced with a modern one named after the communist activist Jan Šverma in 1951. Franz Joseph Bridge Franz Joseph Bridge (), later renamed Štefanik Bridge (), was a suspension bridge over the Vltava in Prague, opened in 1868. The bridge was designed by the English engineer Rowland Mason Ordish. The design, which used the Ordish–Lefeuvre system, was originally created for the Albert

Answer: Rowland Mason Ordish

Answer: Rowland Mason Ordish


Question: which mountain range is this lake belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: Titisee content: Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus drain eventually into the Upper Rhine between Tiengen and Waldshut. On the north shore lies the spa town of the same

title: Titisee content: name, today a part of the municipality of Titisee-Neustadt. There are various theories about the origin of the unusual name "Titisee": In 1840, two sarcophagi made of worked tuff were found below a knoll by the outflow of the Gutach from the Titisee. In 2011, the archaeologist, Andreas Haasis-Berner, published an article stating that they had to date to the period between 700 and 900. Hitherto, it had been thought that the High Black Forest had been unsettled during the first millennium. The first records of the lake date to 1050 and the abbey of Allerheiligen in Schaffhausen, where the

title: Titisee content: seen. The shores of the Titisee are home to two rare types of quillworts, the spring quillwort and the lake quillwort. Titisee The Titisee is a lake in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg. It covers an area of and is an average of deep. It owes its formation to the Feldberg glacier, the moraines of which were formed in the Pleistocene epoch and nowadays form the shores of the lake. The lake's outflow, at above sea level, is the River Gutach, which merges with the Haslach stream below Kappel to form the Wutach). The waters of the Titisee thus

Answer: Black Forest

Answer: Schwarzwald

Answer: Black Forest


Question: What country does this lake belong to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

title: "Life Electric" content: Life Electric Life Electric (also known as The Life Electric) is a contemporary sculpture, dedicated to the physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827). Completed in 2015 it is located in Como, Italy. Life Electric was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and was a gift to Como, the city where the architect located his "“Summer Session”" school of architecture, in 1988. The sculpture was commissioned by the non profit association "“Gli amici di Como”". The design of the fountain illustrates the evolution of modern architecture that took place over the period from 1920s to modern days, with the emergence of Rationalism. Libeskind’s creation has

title: "Life Electric" content: carried on the tradition of contemporary art in Como, and raised its profile. The construction of "Life Electric" started in September 2014, with an estimated cost of €599,926.07. The project, reviewed by the architect and engineer Antonio Gianmarco Martorana Capsoni, and validated by the ""Mercury Engineering"" company SpA, was entirely donated to the municipality by Daniel Libeskind. Money for the construction work that helped to improve the resistance of the pier, and construction of the statue itself, was donated by "Gli Amici Di Como". The initial intention was to complete the project by the 1st May 2015, the same day

title: "Life Electric" content: as the inauguration of Expo 2015, but, after 119 additional days of work, the project was finally completed in August 2015. There had been nineteen days of delay due to bad weather, and twenty-five days for a summer break in August. The inauguration took place on the 2nd October 2015, and was attended by the mayor of Como, Daniel Libeskind with his family and Luigi Martino Volta, the nephew of Alessandro Volta and Nastassja Kinski; the event was held in the Yacht Club of Como with a buffet, a toast and the presentation of a new ice-cream flavor, named Life

title: "Life Electric" content: Electric, created by a local artisan ice cream shop. Afterwards, the ceremony moved to the hangar of the Aereo Club of Como. "Life Electric" is located on the very end of the Diga Foranea pier, which was consolidated before the construction of the statue. The pier is accessible to visitors, and the entrance can be reached from the Lungolago Mafalda di Savoia, which ends with the Tempio Voltiano. The project’s intention was to convey a sense of continuity through the approach to the statue. The location was chosen to give greater visibility to the sculpture, and to celebrate both Volta

title: "Life Electric" content: and the scientist Piero Caldirola, after whom the pier is named The sculpture is 13.75 meters tall (14.25 including the base). It has the appearance of two opposing sinusoidal projections. At its base there is a circular containment wall made of stones 75 cm high, containing a stretch of water in which the monument is reflected. The water at the base is 10 cm deep, and its bottom is decorated with a squared motif. The base has been modified to let people sit beneath the statue, and look over the surroundings from a central point of view. The statue has

title: "Life Electric" content: a total weight of 11,000 kg (12.125 tons). It could not be transported by land because of its size, and so it was transported across the lake with barges, and installed on the pier with a special crane. The original structure of the base would not have been able to sustain the weight and dimensions of the monument, and so it was previously strengthened. This work took place during February 2015, and involved divers building scaffolding to a depth of 3 meters in the lake. "Life Electric" takes inspiration from the electric tension existing between the two poles of a

title: "Life Electric" content: battery. It creates an idealistic third pole, located between the Faro Voltiano and the Tempio Voltiano, both attributed to the battery inventor, Alessandro Volta. The sculpture is designed to suggest connections among three of the five natural elements: light, wind and water. Libeskind's artwork aims to create geometries that connects the sky, lake and mountains, elements that typify the Lake Como landscape; the interaction between these three elements produces a monumental geometric power, as a metaphor for Volta’s electric power. The structure is made of calendared steel, coated by 316,6 mm thick steel panels. The illumination consists of a led

title: "Life Electric" content: waterproof system with smoke machines, (with over 300 output points) and was designed to create games of lights during the night, while the steel used for the coating reflects Como and its natural environment during the day. On 22 October 2014 the political party "Adesso Como" started a petition asking the citizens if they wanted the statue on the lake. By December 28 the petition collected 4478 signatures, exceeding by 278 the minimum amount required to start a referendum against the construction of the statue, which was considered by some architects and citizens as having a negative impact on the

title: "Life Electric" content: lake landscape. On the 5th August 2015, the local newspaper "La Provincia" announced the impossibility of proceeding with the referendum because the construction was at too advanced a stage, and also because of the cost of the referendum, which would have been €180.559 Life Electric Life Electric (also known as The Life Electric) is a contemporary sculpture, dedicated to the physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827). Completed in 2015 it is located in Como, Italy. Life Electric was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and was a gift to Como, the city where the architect located his "“Summer Session”" school of architecture, in 1988.

Answer: Italy

Answer: Italy

Answer: Italian Republic

Answer: Republic of Italy

Answer: Italia

Answer: Repubblica Italiana

Answer: ITA

Answer: IT


Question: In which year did this building come into service?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "Niechorze lighthouse" content: lighthouse can be seen 36 km away due to the 1000w light bulb which is enhanced by 20 prismal crystals. The lighthouse in Niechorze was commissioned by the German Ministry of Shipping in 1863 and started operating on December 1, 1866. Although the lighthouse did not suffer any war damage in World War II, after the liberation of Poland - 8 mines left by the Germans were discovered, and safely removed without detonation. After the end of the Second World War there was a considerable delay restarting the lighthouse, it was not until December 18, 1948 when the lighthouse was

Answer: 1866

Answer: 1866

Answer: 1865

Answer: 1867


Question: What is the maximum capacity of this aircraft?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, currently marketed as the Viking Air DHC-6 Twin Otter, is a Canadian 19-passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada and currently produced by Viking Air. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter passenger airliner as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: United States Air Force's 98th Flying Training Squadron. Development of the aircraft began in 1964, with the first flight on May 20, 1965. A twin-engine replacement for the single-engine DHC-3 Otter retaining DHC's renowned STOL qualities, its design features included double-slotted trailing-edge flaps and ailerons that work in unison with the flaps to boost STOL performance. The availability of the Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-20 turboprop in the early 1960s made the concept of a twin more feasible. To bush operators, the improved reliability of turboprop power and the improved performance of a twin-engine configuration made it an immediately popular

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: alternative to the piston-powered Otter which had been flying since 1951. The first six aircraft produced were designated Series 1, indicating that they were prototype aircraft. The initial production run consisted of Series 100 aircraft, serial numbers seven to 115 inclusive. In 1968, Series 200 production began with serial number 116. Changes made at the beginning of Series 200 production included improving the STOL performance, adding a longer nose that was equipped with a larger baggage compartment (except for aircraft fitted with floats), and fitting a larger door to the rear baggage compartment. All Series 1, 100, and 200 aircraft

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and their variants (110, 210) were fitted with the 550-shaft-horsepower PT6A-20 engines. In 1969, the Series 300 was introduced, beginning with serial number 231. Both aircraft performance and payload were improved by fitting more powerful PT6A-27 engines. This was a engine that was flat-rated to for use in the Series 300 Twin Otter. The Series 300 proved to be the most successful variant by far, with 614 Series 300 aircraft and their subvariants (Series 310 for United Kingdom operators, Series 320 for Australian operators, etc.) sold before production in Toronto by de Havilland Canada ended in 1988. In 1976, a

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: designed for Twin Otter operations. According to the February 1976 edition of the "Official Airline Guide", Houston Metro operated 22 round-trip flights every weekday at this time between Clear Lake City (CLC) and Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH, now Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport) in a scheduled passenger airline shuttle operation. Houston Metro had agreements in place for connecting passenger feed services with Continental Airlines and Eastern Airlines at Houston Intercontinental, with this major airport having a dedicated STOL landing area at the time specifically for Twin Otter flight operations. The Clear Lake City STOLport is no longer in existence. The

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: Walt Disney World resort in Florida was also served with scheduled airline flights operated with Twin Otter aircraft. The Walt Disney World Airport (DWS), also known as the Lake Buena Vista STOLport, was a private airfield constructed by the Walt Disney Company with Twin Otter operations in mind. In the early 1970s, Shawnee Airlines operated scheduled Twin Otter flights between the Disney resort and nearby Orlando Jetport (MCO, now Orlando International Airport), as well as to Tampa International Airport (TPA). This service by Shawnee Airlines is mentioned in the "Air Commuter Section" of the Sept, 6, 1972 Eastern Air Lines

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: continued to operate the Twin Otter, as well. Larger scheduled passenger airlines based in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Australia, particularly jetliner operators, also flew Twin Otters, with the aircraft providing connecting feeder service for these airlines. Jet aircraft operators which also flew the Twin Otter included Aeronaves de Mexico, Air BC, Alaska Airlines, ALM Antillean Airlines, Ansett Airlines, Cayman Airways, Frontier Airlines (1950-1986), LIAT, Norcanair, Nordair, Ozark Air Lines, Pacific Western Airlines, Quebecair, South Pacific Island Airways, Time Air, Transair (Canada), Trans Australian Airlines (TAA), Wardair Canada and Wien Air Alaska. In many cases, the excellent

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: the third winter evacuation flight to Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station to remove two people for medical reasons. The Argentine Air Force has used the Twin Otter in Antarctica since the 1970s, with at least one of them deployed year-round at Marambio Base. The Chilean Air Force has operated the type since 1980, usually having an example based at Presidente Frei Antarctic base of the South Shetland islands. As of August 2006, a total of 584 Twin Otter aircraft (all variants) remain in service worldwide. Major operators include: Libyan Arab Airlines (16), Maldivian Air Taxi (22), Trans Maldivian Airways (23), Kenn

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: a replacement for the single-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter but also with other civil and military customers, with over 890 aircraft built. Many commuter airlines in the U.S. got their start by flying the Twin Otter in scheduled passenger operations. Kaymac Inc., a government civilian contractor based in Nevada, operates 18. De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, currently marketed as the Viking Air DHC-6 Twin Otter, is a Canadian 19-passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada and currently produced by Viking Air. The aircraft's fixed tricycle

Answer: 19


Question: What type of undercarriage is used in this aircraft?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and use of composites for nonload-bearing structures such as doors. The 100th Series 400 Twin Otter (MSN 944) was displayed at the July 2017 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh. Currently, 38% are operated as regional airliners, 31% in military aviation or special missions, 26% in industrial support and 5% in private air charter. Additionally, 70 are on regular landing gear wheels, 18 are configured as straight or amphibious floatplanes, 10 have tundra tires and 2 have wheel skis. Twin Otters could be delivered directly from the factory with floats, skis, or tricycle landing gear fittings, making them adaptable bush planes for remote

Answer: floatplane

Answer: pontoon plane

Answer: float-equipped airplane

Answer: floatplane

Answer: float plane


Question: What type of undercarriage is used in this aircraft?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and use of composites for nonload-bearing structures such as doors. The 100th Series 400 Twin Otter (MSN 944) was displayed at the July 2017 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh. Currently, 38% are operated as regional airliners, 31% in military aviation or special missions, 26% in industrial support and 5% in private air charter. Additionally, 70 are on regular landing gear wheels, 18 are configured as straight or amphibious floatplanes, 10 have tundra tires and 2 have wheel skis. Twin Otters could be delivered directly from the factory with floats, skis, or tricycle landing gear fittings, making them adaptable bush planes for remote

Answer: floatplane

Answer: pontoon plane

Answer: float-equipped airplane

Answer: floatplane

Answer: float plane


Question: What is the parent organization of this aircraft?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: "Dornier Flugzeugwerke" content: Limited (HAL) bought a production licence for the Dornier Do 228 and manufactured the aircraft for the Asian market sphere. By 2013 a total of 117 Dornier DO-228 aircraft had been produced by HAL with plans to build 20 more during 2013-14. In 1985, Dornier became a member of the Daimler-Benz group integrating its aeronautic assets with the parent company. As part of this transaction, Lindauer Dornier GmbH was spun off, creating a separate, family-owned firm, concentrating on textile machinery design and manufacturing. The rest of the company was split into several subsidiaries for defence, satellites, medtech and aircraft. In

Answer: Daimler-Benz

Answer: Daimler-Benz


Question: What country does this island belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: Dejima content: Dejima , in old Western documents Latinised as "Deshima", "Decima", "Desjima", "Dezima", "Disma", or "Disima", was a Dutch trading post notable for being the single place of direct trade and exchange between Japan and the outside world during the Edo period. It was a small fan-shaped artificial island formed by digging a canal through a small peninsula in the bay of Nagasaki in 1634 by local merchants. Dejima was built to constrain foreign traders. Originally built to house Portuguese traders, it was used by the Dutch as a trading post from 1641 until 1853. Covering an area of or ,

title: Dejima content: it was later integrated into the city through the process of land reclamation. In 1922, the "Dejima Dutch Trading Post" was designated a Japanese national historic site. In 1543, the history of direct contacts between Japan and Europe began with the arrival of storm-blown Portuguese merchants on Tanegashima. Six years later the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier landed in Kagoshima. At first Portuguese traders were based in Hirado, but they moved in search of a better port. In 1570 "daimyō" Ōmura Sumitada converted to Catholicism (choosing Bartolomeu as his Christian name) and made a deal with the Portuguese to develop Nagasaki;

title: Dejima content: soon the port was open for trade. In 1580 Sumitada gave the jurisdiction of Nagasaki to the Jesuits, and the Portuguese obtained the "de facto" monopoly on the silk trade with China through Macau. The "shōgun" Iemitsu ordered the construction of the artificial island in 1634, to accommodate the Portuguese traders living in Nagasaki and prevent the propagation of their religion. This was one of the many edicts put forth by Iemitsu between 1633 and 1639 moderating contact between Japan and other countries. However, in response to the uprising of the predominantly Christian population in the Shimabara-Amakusa region, the Tokugawa

title: Dejima content: government decided to expel the Portuguese in 1639. Since 1609, the Dutch East India Company had run a trading post on the island of Hirado. The departure of the Portuguese left the Dutch employees of the "Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie" ("VOC") as the sole Westerners with trade access to Japan. For 33 years they were allowed to trade relatively freely. At its maximum the Hirado trading post covered a large area. In 1637 and 1639 stone warehouses were constructed within the ambit of this Hirado trading post. Christian-era year dates were used on the stonework of the new warehouses and these

title: Dejima content: were used in 1640 as a pretext to demolish the buildings and relocate the trading post to Nagasaki. With the expulsion of the last Portuguese in 1639, Dejima became a failed commercial post and without the annual trading with Portuguese ships from Macau, the economy of Nagasaki suffered greatly. The Dutch were forced by government officials to move from Hirado to Dejima in Nagasaki. From 1641 on, only Chinese and Dutch ships were allowed to come to Japan, and Nagasaki harbor was the only harbor they were allowed to enter. On the administrative level, the island of Dejima was part

title: Dejima content: of the city of Nagasaki. The 25 local Japanese families who owned the land received an annual rent from the Dutch. Dejima was a small island, by , linked to the mainland by a small bridge, guarded on both sides, and with a gate on the Dutch side. It contained houses for about twenty Dutchmen, warehouses, and accommodation for Japanese officials. The Dutch were watched by a number of Japanese officials, gatekeepers, night watchmen, and a supervisor ("otona" 乙名) with about fifty subordinates. Numerous merchants supplied goods and catering, and about 150 interpreters ("tsūji" 通詞) served. They all had to

title: Dejima content: be paid by the "VOC". Like the city of Nagasaki, Dejima was under the direct supervision of Edo through a governor ("Nagasaki bugyō"). Every ship that arrived in Dejima was inspected. Its sails were held by the Japanese until they released the ship to leave. They confiscated religious books and weapons. The Dutch were not allowed to hold any religious services on the island. Despite the financial burden of maintaining the isolated outpost on Dejima, the trade with Japan was very profitable for the Dutch, initially yielding profits of 50% or more. Trade declined in the 18th century, as only

title: Dejima content: two ships per year were allowed to dock at Dejima. After the bankruptcy of the East-India Company in 1795, the Dutch government took over exchange with Japan. Times were especially hard when the Netherlands (then called the Batavian Republic) was under French Napoleonic rule. All ties with the homeland were severed at Dejima, and for a while, it was the only place in the world where the Dutch flag was flown. The chief Dutch official in Japan was called the "Opperhoofd" by the Dutch, or "Kapitan" (from Portuguese "capitão") by the Japanese. This descriptive title did not change when the

title: Dejima content: island's trading fell under Dutch state authority. Throughout these years, the plan was to have one incumbent per year—but sometimes plans needed to be flexible. Originally, the Dutch mainly traded in silk, cotton, and "materia medica" from China and India, but sugar became more important later. Also, deer pelts and shark skin were transported to Japan from Taiwan, as well as books, scientific instruments and many other rarities from Europe. In return, the Dutch traders bought Japanese copper, silver, camphor, porcelain, lacquer ware and rice. To this was added the personal trade of VOC employees on Dejima, which was an

title: Dejima content: important source of income for them and their Japanese counterparts. They sold more than 10,000 foreign books on various scientific subjects to the Japanese from the end of the 18th to the early 19th century. These became the basis of knowledge and a factor in the "Rangaku" movement, or Dutch studies. In all, 606 Dutch ships arrived at Dejima during its two centuries of settlement, from 1641 to 1847. For two hundred years, foreign merchants were generally not allowed to cross from Dejima to Nagasaki. The Japanese were likewise banned from entering Dejima, except interpreters, cooks, carpenters, clerks and 'Women

title: Dejima content: of Pleasure' from the Maruyama teahouses. These "yūjo" were handpicked from 1642 by the Japanese, often against their will. From the 18th century, there were some exceptions to this rule, especially following Tokugawa Yoshimune's doctrine of promoting European practical sciences. A few "Oranda-yuki" ("those who stay with the Dutch") were allowed to stay for longer periods, but they had to report regularly to the Japanese guard post. Once a year the Europeans were allowed to attend the festivities at the Suwa-Shrine under escort. Sometimes physicians such as Engelbert Kaempfer, Carl Peter Thunberg, and Philipp Franz von Siebold were called to

title: Dejima content: high-ranking Japanese patients with the permission of the authorities. Starting in the 18th century, Dejima became known throughout Japan as a center of medicine, military science, and astronomy. Many samurai traveled there for "Dutch studies" (Rangaku). In addition, the "Opperhoofd" was treated like the representative of a tributary state, which meant that he had to pay a visit of homage to the "shōgun" in Edo. The Dutch delegation traveled to Edo yearly between 1660 and 1790, and once every four years thereafter. This prerogative was denied to the Chinese traders. The lengthy travel to the shogunal court broke the boredom

title: Dejima content: they were expected to perform Dutch dances and songs for the amusement of the "shōgun" after their official audience, according to Engelbert Kaempfer. But they also used the opportunity of their stay of about two to three weeks in the capital to exchange knowledge with learned Japanese and, under escort, to visit the town. Following the forced opening of Japan by US Navy Commodore Perry in 1854, the Bakufu suddenly increased its interactions with Dejima in an effort to build up knowledge of Western shipping methods. The , a naval training institute, was established in 1855 by the government of

title: Dejima content: the "shōgun" at the entrance of Dejima, to enable maximum interaction with Dutch naval know-how. The center was equipped with Japan's first steamship, the "Kankō Maru", given by the government of the Netherlands the same year. The future Admiral Enomoto Takeaki was one of the students of the Training Center. The Dutch East India Company's trading post at Dejima was abolished when Japan concluded the Treaty of Kanagawa with the USA in 1858. This ended Dejima's role as Japan's only window on the Western world during the era of national isolation. Since then, the island was expanded by reclaimed land

title: Dejima content: the project anticipated rebuilding only parts of the surrounding embankment wall that had once enclosed the island. Buildings that remained from the Meiji period were to be used. In 2000, five buildings including the Deputy Factor's Quarters were completed and opened to the public. In the spring of 2006, the finishing touches were put on the Chief Factor's Residence, the Japanese Officials' Office, the Head Clerk's Quarters, the No. 3 Warehouse, and the Sea Gate. Currently some 10 buildings throughout the area have been restored. In 2017, six new buildings as well as the 'Omotemon-bashi Bridge' (the old bridge to

title: Dejima content: the mainland) were restored. The bridge was officially opened in attendance of members of the Japanese and Dutch royal families. The long-term planning intends that Dejima will be surrounded by water on all four sides; its characteristic fan-shaped form and all of its embankment walls will be fully restored. This long-term plan will include large-scale urban redevelopment in the area. To make Dejima an island again will require rerouting the Nakashima River and moving a part of Route 499. Opperhoofd is a Dutch word (plural "opperhoofden") which literally means 'supreme head[man]'. The Japanese used to call the trading post chiefs

title: Dejima content: "kapitan" which is derived from Portuguese "capitão" (cf. Latin "caput", head). In its historical usage, the word is a gubernatorial title, comparable to the English Chief factor, for the chief executive officer of a Dutch "factory" in the sense of trading post, as led by a Factor, i.e. agent. Dejima , in old Western documents Latinised as "Deshima", "Decima", "Desjima", "Dezima", "Disma", or "Disima", was a Dutch trading post notable for being the single place of direct trade and exchange between Japan and the outside world during the Edo period. It was a small fan-shaped artificial island formed by digging

Answer: Japan

Answer: Jap

Answer: State of Japan

Answer: JP

Answer: Nippon

Answer: jp

Answer: Japan

Answer: JAP

Answer: JA

Answer: Nihon-koku

Answer: Nihon

Answer: Ja

Answer: JPN

Answer: Nippon-koku

Answer: Land of the Rising Sun


Question: What equipment or engine is used by this aircraft to provide power?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia" content: were collected and incorporated to EMB 120 design. Thus, a completely new aircraft – no longer related to the 12X family – was launched. No common parts from EMB 121 Xingu were used, and the capacity was revised from 24 to 30 seats. Originally designed to utilise the new 1500 shp Pratt & Whitney Canada PW115 turboprop, it was later upgraded to the 1892 eshp PW118. The Brasilia attracted immediate interest from many regional airlines, particularly in the US. The size, speed and ceiling allowed faster and more direct services around the US and Europe, compared to similar aircraft. The

Answer: PW118

Answer: PW118

Answer: Pratt & Whitney Canada PW118


Question: What country does this garden belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: "Lingering Garden" content: Lingering Garden Lingering Garden (; Suzhou Wu: Leu yoe, ) is a renowned classical Chinese garden. It is located at 338 Liuyuan Rd. Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China (留园路338号). It is recognized with other classical Suzhou gardens as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1997, the garden, along with other classical gardens in Suzhou, was recorded by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The garden also stores two UNESCO Intangible World Heritage Arts; Pingtan (评弹) and Guqin music. Lingering Garden is located outside the Changmen gate (阊门) of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. It was commissioned by Xu Taishi (徐泰时), an impeached and

title: "Lingering Garden" content: to Liu Yuan (留园). The name, while homophonous to an older name, connotes leisure and is thus pays tribute to the former owner as well as the resort period of the garden. It was at this time the "Auspicious Cloud Capped Peak" stone was moved to its current location. The garden was inherited by Sheng Xuanhuai from his father, he abandoned the garden in 1911 and it fell into disrepair During Sino-Japanese War, the garden was abandoned again, and it even degenerated into breeding zone for army's horses. After establishment of the People's Republic of China, Suzhou government took over

Answer: People's Republic of China

Answer: cn

Answer: People's Republic of China

Answer: China

Answer: Mainland China

Answer: China PR

Answer: PR China

Answer: CHN

Answer: CN

Answer: PRC


Question: which mountain range is this mountain belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: Denali content: Denali Denali () (also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of and a topographic isolation of , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve. The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as "Denali" for centuries.

title: Denali content: the Kahiltna Glacier leads up to the southwest side of the mountain. With a length of , the Kahiltna Glacier is the longest glacier in the Alaska Range. The Koyukon Athabaskans who inhabit the area around the mountain have for centuries referred to the peak as "Dinale" or "Denali". The name is based on a Koyukon word for "high" or "tall". During the Russian ownership of Alaska, the common name for the mountain was "Bolshaya Gora" (, "bolshaya" = Russian for "big"; "gora" = Russian for "mountain"), which is the Russian translation of "Denali". It was briefly called Densmore's Mountain

title: Denali content: that the Secretary of the Interior has authority under federal law to change geographic names when the Board of Geographic Names does not act on a naming request within a "reasonable" period of time. Jewell told the "Alaska Dispatch News" that "I think any of us would think that 40 years is an unreasonable amount of time." Indigenous names for Denali can be found in seven different Alaskan languages. The names fall into two categories. To the south of the Alaska Range in the Dena'ina and Ahtna languages the mountain is known by names that are translated as "big mountain".

title: Denali content: To the north of the Alaska Range in the Lower Tanana, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Holikachuk, and Deg Xinag languages the mountain is known by names that are translated as "the high one", "the tall one" (Koyukon, Lower and Middle Tanana, Upper Kuskokwim, Deg Xinag, and Holikachuk), or "big mountain" (Ahtna and Dena'ina). Asked about the importance of the mountain and its name, Will Mayo, former president of the Tanana Chiefs Conference, an organization that represents 42 Athabaskan tribes in the Alaskan interior, said "It’s not one homogeneous belief structure around the mountain, but we all agree that we’re all deeply

Answer: Alaska Range

Answer: Alaska Range


Question: What is this organization named after?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

title: Tupolev content: military aerospace products such as aircraft and weapons systems. It is also active with missile and naval aviation technologies. More than 18,000 Tupolev aircraft were produced for the USSR and the Eastern Bloc. Tupolev OKB was founded by Andrei Tupolev in 1922. Its facilities are tailored for aeronautics research and aircraft design only, manufacturing is handled by other firms. It researched all-metal airplanes during the 1920s, based directly on the pioneering work already done by Hugo Junkers during World War I. The first successful all-metal airplane was built with sheet electrical steel by the German engineer Hugo Junkers in 1915.

Answer: Andrei Tupolev

Answer: Andrei Tupolev

Answer: Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev


Question: Which diocese does this building belong to?

Instruction: Utilizing the given image, obtain documents that respond to the following question:

title: "Puebla Cathedral" content: Puebla Cathedral Puebla Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Puebla, in the state of Puebla, Mexico. It is a colonial cathedral, and is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles. The cathedral's bishop is Víctor Sánchez Espinosa. The cathedral is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception. On January 24, 1557 Viceroy Martín Enríquez (1562–80) authorized construction. The design was submitted to the Dean and Cathedral Chapter on November 11, 1557. Construction began in November 1575, under the direction of architect Francisco Becerra and Juan de Cigorondo. Construction was interrupted in 1626 but

title: "Puebla Cathedral" content: and "porto ricos" (African influence). The Cathedral has extant choir books of his compositions. His villancicos "stand as one of the greatest contributions to American music history." Puebla Cathedral Puebla Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Puebla, in the state of Puebla, Mexico. It is a colonial cathedral, and is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles. The cathedral's bishop is Víctor Sánchez Espinosa. The cathedral is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception. On January 24, 1557 Viceroy Martín Enríquez (1562–80) authorized construction. The design was submitted to the Dean and Cathedral

Answer: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla

Answer: Diocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: former Diocese of Tlaxcala

Answer: Roman Catholic Diocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: Diocese of Tlaxcala

Answer: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla

Answer: Catholic Diocese of Tlaxcala

Answer: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: Archdiocese of Puebla

Answer: Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: Roman Catholic Diocese of Puebla de los Ángeles

Answer: Catholic Diocese of Puebla de los Angeles

Answer: Roman Catholic Diocese of Tlaxcala

Answer: Catholic Archdiocese of Puebla


Question: Which body of water is this place located in or next to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

title: "Front de Seine" content: Front de Seine Front de Seine is a development in the district of Beaugrenelle in Paris, France, located along the river Seine in the 15th arrondissement at the south of the Eiffel Tower. It is, with the 13th arrondissement, one of the few districts in the city of Paris containing highrise buildings, as most have been constructed outside the city (notably in La Défense). The Front de Seine district is the result of an urban planning project from the 1970s. It includes about 20 towers reaching nearly 100 m of height built all around an elevated esplanade. That esplanade is

title: "Front de Seine" content: paved with frescos that can be seen only from the elevated floors of the towers. As opposed to Italie 13, the design of the towers is much more varied. The Hôtel Novotel Paris-Tour Eiffel (formerly known as Hôtel Nikkō), for instance, has red-encircled windows, while the Tour Totem consists of a stack of several glazed blocks. A newly redesigned shopping centre, the Centre commercial Beaugrenelle opened in 2013. Furthermore, while 13th arrondissement towers are predominantly residential and La Défense towers are predominantly commercial, the towers of the Front de Seine are of mixed commercial and residential use. Front de Seine

Answer: Seine

Answer: river Seine

Answer: Seine

Answer: Seine River


Question: What is the closest upper taxonomy of this object?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: Apicomplexa content: Apicomplexa The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate endoparasites of animals, except "Nephromyces", a symbiont in marine animals, originally classified as a chytrid fungus. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are present only in certain gamete stages. The Apicomplexa are a diverse group that includes organisms

title: Apicomplexa content: semirigid pellicle. The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates. Several related flagellates, such as "Perkinsus" and "Colpodella", have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates. They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups. Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the apicoplast, surrounded by either three or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and heme biosynthesis, and it appears to be necessary

title: Apicomplexa content: but all were parasitic. However, other parasitic or symbiotic unicellular organisms were included too in protozoan groups outside Sporozoa (Flagellata, Ciliophora and Sarcodina), if they had flagella (e.g., many Kinetoplastida, Retortamonadida, Diplomonadida, Trichomonadida, Hypermastigida), cilia (e.g., "Balantidium") or pseudopods (e.g., "Entamoeba, Acanthamoeba, Naegleria"). If they had cell walls, they also could be included in plant kingdom between bacteria or yeasts. Sporozoa is no longer regarded as biologically valid and its use is discouraged, although some authors still use it as a synonym for the Apicomplexa. More recently, other groups were excluded from Apicomplexa, e.g., "Perkinsus" and "Colpodella" (now in Protalveolata).

Answer: Alveolate

Answer: Alveolata

Answer: Alveolate


Question: what is the date this aircraft took the first flight?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Boeing 767" content: 757, resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft. The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths. The original 767-200 entered service in 1982, followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER, an extended-range (ER) variant, in 2000. The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988, respectively, while a production freighter version, the 767-300F, debuted in 1995. Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use, while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft, the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers, and

title: "Boeing 767" content: VIP transports. Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6, Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000, and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans. United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982. The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes, during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design. In 1985, the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights. The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium- to long-haul intercontinental routes. In 1986, Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767, ultimately leading to the development of

title: "Boeing 767" content: the risks associated with introducing a new aircraft. The carrier maintained this position until July 1981, when a US presidential task force determined that a crew of two was safe for operating wide-body jets. A three-crew cockpit remained as an option and was fitted to the first production models. Ansett Australia ordered 767s with three-crew cockpits due to union demands; it was the only airline to operate 767s so configured. The 767's two-crew cockpit was also applied to the 757, allowing pilots to operate both aircraft after a short conversion course, and adding incentive for airlines to purchase both types.

title: "Boeing 767" content: in July 1979. The prototype aircraft, registered N767BA and equipped with JT9D turbofans, rolled out on August 4, 1981. By this time, the 767 program had accumulated 173 firm orders from 17 customers, including Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Britannia Airways, Transbrasil, and Trans World Airlines (TWA). On September 26, 1981, the prototype took its maiden flight under the command of company test pilots Tommy Edmonds, Lew Wallick, and John Brit. The maiden flight was largely uneventful, save for the inability to retract the landing gear because of a hydraulic fluid leak. The prototype was used for subsequent flight tests.

title: "Boeing 767" content: Authority (CAA) in July 1982. The first delivery occurred on August 19, 1982, to United Airlines. The CF6-powered 767-200 received certification in September 1982, followed by the first delivery to Delta Air Lines on October 25, 1982. The 767 entered service with United Airlines on September 8, 1982. The aircraft's first commercial flight used a JT9D-powered 767-200 on the Chicago-to-Denver route. The CF6-powered 767-200 commenced service three months later with Delta Air Lines. Upon delivery, early 767s were mainly deployed on domestic routes, including US transcontinental services. American Airlines and TWA began flying the 767-200 in late 1982, while Air

title: "Boeing 767" content: to capitalize on its new wide-body's potential for growth, Boeing offered an extended-range model, the 767-200ER, in its first year of service. Ethiopian Airlines placed the first order for the type in December 1982. Featuring increased gross weight and greater fuel capacity, the extended-range model could carry heavier payloads at distances up to , and was targeted at overseas customers. The 767-200ER entered service with El Al Airline on March 27, 1984. The type was mainly ordered by international airlines operating medium-traffic, long-distance flights. In the mid-1980s, the 767 spearheaded the growth of twinjet flights across the northern Atlantic under

title: "Boeing 767" content: proposing larger models, including a partial double-deck version informally named the "Hunchback of Mukilteo" (from a town near Boeing's Everett factory) with a 757 body section mounted over the aft main fuselage. In 1986, Boeing proposed the 767-X, a revised model with extended wings and a wider cabin, but received little interest. By 1988, the 767-X had evolved into an all-new twinjet, which revived the 777 designation. Until the 777's 1995 debut, the 767-300 and 767-300ER remained Boeing's second-largest wide-bodies behind the 747. Buoyed by a recovering global economy and ETOPS approval, 767 sales accelerated in the mid-to-late 1980s; 1989

title: "Boeing 767" content: service with United Airlines in 1982. The type has been used primarily by mainline U.S. carriers for domestic routes between major hub centers such as Los Angeles to Washington. The 767-200 was the first aircraft to be used on transatlantic ETOPS flights, beginning with TWA on February 1, 1985 under 90-minute diversion rules. Deliveries for the variant totaled 128 aircraft. There were 52 passenger and freighter conversions of the model in commercial service . The type's competitors included the Airbus A300 and A310. The 767-200 ceased production in the late 1980s, superseded by the extended-range 767-200ER. Some early 767-200s were

title: "Boeing 767" content: roll off the assembly line, older models have been retired and stored or scrapped. One complete aircraft, N102DAthe first 767-200 to operate for Delta Air Lines and the twelfth example built, is currently on display. It was withdrawn from use and stored at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 2006. The exhibition aircraft, named "The Spirit of Delta" by the employees who helped purchase it in 1982, underwent restoration at the Delta Flight Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. The restoration was completed in 2010. Boeing 767 The Boeing 767 is a mid- to large-size, mid- to long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built

Answer: 1981 9 26

Answer: 9 26 1981

Answer: 1980 9 26

Answer: 26 September 1981

Answer: 1980

Answer: 9 26 1982

Answer: September 26 1980

Answer: 26 9 1981

Answer: 1981 September 26

Answer: 1980 September 26

Answer: 1981

Answer: 1982

Answer: 26 9 1980

Answer: 1982 9 26

Answer: 1982 September 26

Answer: 9 26 1980

Answer: 26 September 1980

Answer: 1981 9 26

Answer: September 26 1982

Answer: September 26 1981

Answer: 26 September 1982

Answer: 26 9 1982


Question: What is this building named after?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Wat Phra That Doi Suthep (, , ) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The temple is often referred to as "Doi Suthep" although this is actually the name of the mountain where it's located. It is a sacred site to many Thai people. The temple is from the city of Chiang Mai. From the temple, impressive views of downtown Chiang Mai can be seen. The original founding of the temple remains a legend and there are a few varied versions. The temple is said to have been founded in

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: 1383 when the first stupa was built. Over time, the temple has expanded, and been made to look more extravagant with many more holy shrines added. A road to the temple was first built in 1935. According to legend, a monk named Sumanathera from the Sukhothai Kingdom had a dream. In this vision he was told to go to Pang Cha and look for a relic. Sumanathera ventured to Pang Cha and found a bone. Many claim it was Gautama Buddha's shoulder bone. The relic displayed magical powers: it glowed, it was able to vanish, it could move and replicate

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: itself. Sumanathera took the relic to King Dhammaraja, who ruled Sukhothai. The eager Dhammaraja made offerings and hosted a ceremony when Sumanathera arrived. However, the relic displayed no abnormal characteristics, and the king, doubtful of the relic's authenticity, told Sumanathera to keep it. King Nu Naone of Lan Na heard of the relic and bade the monk to bring it to him. In 1368, with Dharmmaraja's permission, Sumanathera took the relic to what is now Lamphun, in northern Thailand. Once there, the relic broke into two pieces. The smaller piece was enshrined at Wat Suan Dok. The other piece was

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: placed by the king on the back of a white elephant which was released into the jungle. The elephant is said to have climbed up Doi Suthep, at that time called Doi Aoy Chang ("Sugar Elephant Mountain"), stopped, trumpeted three times, then dropped dead. This was interpreted as an omen. King Nu Naone immediately ordered the construction of a temple at the site. The name of the Temple (Wat Phra That Doi Suthep) actually explains what the temple has. "Phra" entails of an honorific Buddha image, and "That" means a relic. Combining the two tells that there is a relic

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: of Buddha's in the sanctity of the Wat, and in this case it's half of Buddha's shoulder bone. The location of the shoulder bone relic is to be found in the rounded portion of the Chedi right above the octagonal redented section and below the ringed section. The wat can be reached by road from Chiang Mai. From the car park at the temple's base visitors can climb 309 steps to reach the pagodas or take a tram. Once inside the temple grounds visitors must be appropriately dressed and must remove footwear. The original gold plated chedi is the most

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: holy area of the temple grounds. Within the site are pagodas, statues, bells, a museum, and shrines. Aspects of the wat draw from both Buddhism and Hinduism. There is a model of the Emerald Buddha and a statue of the Hindu God Ganesh. Views of Chiang Mai can be seen on the far side of the temple. Wat Phra That Doi Suthep is a gorgeously planned Wat with a story to tell about Buddhism. Once the Naga lined steps are surmounted (the longest Naga balustrade in Thailand), the first site one sees is the White elephant statue commemorating the story

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: behind the Wat placement. The closest entrance to the inner ring is to the left, on the North side of the complex. The immediate view is one of the chedi towering 79 feet (24 meters). This gold plated spire is very typical of Northern Thailand chedi with its heightened redented octagonal base, ringed spire, smooth spire, and the tiered chatra (umbrella) at the top. The structure is greatly influenced by Sukhothai art; however, the chatra isn't a Thai influence, but rather an aspect that came from two centuries of Burmese occupation. The tiered and angular shape of the chedi is

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: found all around Thailand is an aspect of Buddhist architecture. The tiers represent the level of heavens that one must ascend in order to achieve Nirvana as well as the hierarchy associated with a monarchy. The angular shape and sloping appearance are more related to the feeling that Thai architects wished to relate. In Threvada Buddhism, the main focus is to rid oneself of unwholesomeness, and to do that there is a focus on peace, lightness, and floating. If the chedi was just its plain shapes of an octagon and triangle, it would appear dense and static. The redented look,

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: near parabolic slope, and golden cover of the chedi creates a feeling of weightlessness of the structure. This same concept can be seen with the Wihans. The weightlessness for the wihans and the surround structures comes primarily from the roof aesthetic. The aesthetic that comes into play here is the toying of geometry and separating similar shapes. This particular wihan has a two tiered roof with the different sections being at different angels. The lower tier is at a flatter angle to replicate a stouter more tense look, while the next tier is at a quite steep angle that creates

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: a more elevated and relaxed look. This separation is to represent the freedom from attachment which is the ultimate goal of Buddhism. The white stucco and incredibly ornate pediment greatly assist with this lightweight feel and separation, but the roof provides the most dynamic movement of the building due to its size and composure. The pediments are typically the most decorated parts of the building that express the grandeur and status of the temple. At each corner of the roof tiers there's a flat ornamental Naga and the large pointed pieces at the peak of the roof are called chofas.

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: The same Buddhist theme from the exterior also makes its way to the interior with many different factors. The first is that the walls and columns all slant inward to the center of the building. This is to help with the structural integrity of the building, but to also make the feeling of the room ascending. The interior is also greatly decorated with murals all over the walls. The murals are typically the story of Buddha's life and travels but also include Hindu aspects as well. The inside is of the building is typically quite dark because the main lighting

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: comes from the narrow vertical windows and the fact that the murals and all of the indoor decoration are darker materials. The narrowness of the windows is for structural concerns, but to also help with the ascension feel because they are actually trapezoids that are wider at the base. The interiors at Wat Phra That Doi Suthep contains myriads of Buddha statues that come in all different styles and materials just like the outside courtyard. The layout of the complex shows bi axial symmetry around the chedi with the main and small wihans slightly off the east-west cardinal plane. The

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: cardinal directions are important to Buddhism and it is said that if there isn't a body of water around, like in this case, then the main wihan should face the rising sun. This explains why the main wihan is on the west side of the complex. Outside of the square courtyard the placement and design of the surroundings is due to the topography of the mountaintop. The viewing spot to see Chiang Mai is a propped cantilever with around a 15-foot drop over the edge. Even looking at the wooden wihan and the monk's residence further down the hill, they

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: both exist on the north-south plane pointing towards the chedi. Everything on the site points inward towards the iconic chedi indicating its significance to the wat. Wat Phra That Doi Suthep is considered to be one of the most sacred pilgrimage spots in Thailand due to its relic as well as the influence from Chiang Mai being the center of the Lanna Kingdom back in the 14th century. In fact the wat can get 120,000 visitors per month, with the numbers being higher during holidays like Songkhan and more especially Visakha Bucha Day when local people climb the mountain and

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: sleep on the esplanade of the temple to commemorate the birth of the Buddha. Most of these visitors are from Thailand, Singapore, China, and India and they consider themselves "pilgrim-tourist" because they pay homage to the site but also indulge on the surrounding attractions. Tourism is always going to be a huge part of the wat and because of the economics of this, political actions will always come around. This first begins with Khruba Sriwichai who oversaw building the road in 1935. He was a huge part of the Buddhist culture in this region because of his great merit and

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: dedication to the culture but also the building projects he took on. At the turn of the 20th century, the Thai Buddhist authorities were attempting to centralize and integrate the loosely conformed northern Buddhist leaders to more of a national hierarchical order. Sriwichai was one of the main speakers against this and became a symbol of the religious and societal freedom of the northern culture. His spirit could be seen again in the 1980s when there was talk of a cable car being installed to the wat instead of using the road. This caused a huge debate and put into

title: "Wat Phra That Doi Suthep" content: question the sanctity of the wat. Part of the Buddhist culture is the pilgrimage to wats and by introducing this device, would it take away from that aspect? The government and the locals battled long and hard over who it would truly benefit and the religious aspects, but eventually the locals rallying support led to the plan being scrapped. T Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Wat Phra That Doi Suthep (, , ) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The temple is often referred to as "Doi Suthep" although this is actually the name of

Answer: Doi Suthep

Answer: Doi Suthep