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title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation) The fifth-generation Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car produced by Chevrolet. It is the fifth distinct generation of the Camaro to be produced since its original introduction in 1967. Production of the new Camaro began on March 16, 2009 after several years on hiatus since the previous generation's production ended in 2002 and went on sale to the public in April 2009 for the 2010 model year. After the Camaro's dismissal in 2002, an article posted in July 2004 on Hot Rod Network rumored that Camaro would return in 2007, including the closure and economics of

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: the Ste. Therese Assembly which both the fourth-generation Camaro and the Pontiac Firebird were assembled. It stated that GM was working on a RWD, four passenger capacity, sporty car with a 5.3L V8 engine. The vehicle was said to underpin the Zeta chassis which was being developed by GM's Australian division, Holden. By spring 2005, the first concept car of the fifth-generation Camaro was in development. Several sketches of both exterior and interior were drawn to resemble of how the car was going to look, these sketches were shown months later to the public. Once sketches were finished, the Camaro

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: was constructed as a clay model which was complete by autumn 2005 then shown to the public in early 2006. After the release of the prototypes, GM started constructing several camouflaged test mules of the Camaro by Holden costing about $250,000 each. These vehicles were used for crash testing, test driving, and to handle extreme weather conditions such as in Canada, Arizona, and Australia itself. By January 2008, GM announced that the test mules will not be camouflaged and that same year, various images of the Camaro were released including pre-production models. The Chevrolet Camaro Concept was designed by South

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Korean-born designer Sangyup Lee. The car was based on the Holden developed GM Zeta platform. It includes a 6.0-L LS-2 engine rated at 400-horsepower with active fuel management, a T56 6-speed manual transmission, front and rear suspension featuring progressive-rate springs and gas-pressurized dampers, four-wheel vented disc brakes with 14-inch rotors, 21-inch front and 22-inch rear five-spoke cast alloy wheels, and 275/30R21 front and 305/30R22 rear tires. The wheelbase is , which is longer than the previous generation, but an overall length of just , shorter. The concept was inspired by the 1969 Camaro. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2006

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: North American International Auto Show. "AutoWeek" editors unanimously awarded the Camaro Concept "Best In Show." The 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept was announced January 6, 2007 at the 2007 North American International Auto Show. Early speculation on the existence of the vehicle by many automotive publications proved to be true when an early embargo was broken on January 4, 2007. At a glance it would seem that the only difference between the coupe and convertible concepts would be the roof and Hugger Orange pearl tri-coat paint job with a pair of dark gray racing stripes, but this was not the case.

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Besides the obvious convertible top, there were subtle changes to the exterior as well. Every surface was changed from the door-cut back. The rear fenderlines dropped off from the horizontal surface to the vertical surface a couple of inches farther out than on the coupe to maintain visual proportions. The rear spoiler was also reshaped. The front and rear wheels were redesigned and a thin orange line was applied to the outer edge, a nod to redwalls available circa 1969. There were many interior changes that were incorporated into the new concept. The retro houndstooth-pattern seats of the coupe were

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: replaced with modern leather and orange stitching. The metal finishes, accent panels, and seats were all different colors. The rear seats were closer together to make room for the tonneau cover. The clarity of the circular gauges in square frames were improved by making the faces white with black chrome numbers and a red anodized needle. The deep-dish three-spoke steering wheel and four-pack gauge cluster carried over from the coupe concept. Chrome seat-belt buckles were designed to look like the iconic belts buckles in late 1960s GM cars. This reworked interior of the Camaro Convertible Concept was a very close

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: representation of what would be seen in the production version of the vehicle. General Motors showed several concept variants of the production Camaro on November 3, 2008 at the 2008 SEMA show. Inspired by the COPO Camaros of the late 1960s, the Camaro LS7 Concept was built from the 2010 Camaro SS with the LS3 engine replaced with a GM Performance Parts LS7 crate motor producing around . There heritage of COPO's performance history was reflected with the inclusion of a high performance exhaust and improved headers, air intake system, and camshaft—all developed by GM Performance Parts. Other modifications included

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: a Tremec six-speed manual transmission, Brembo brakes, Hurst short-throw shifter, 20-inch custom wheels, and a lowered ride height. The exterior of the car was finished in Victory Red with accents of matte black on the "LS7" badges, front grille slot, rear headlight panel, and hood. The LS7 logo was repeated in Victory Red on top of the hood cowl. The interior had a matching the color scheme with red panel trim on the doors, dash, and gages. Gloss black replaced every trim that came in silver in the final production Camaros, such as on the steering wheel, shifter knob, vent

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: trimings, and center console clusters. The Camaro Dale Earnhardt Jr. Concept was produced with input from NASCAR Race driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. The Camaro started in SS trim and was tuned to run on higher-octane E85. It featured a gray and white paint scheme with orange trim. Additional features included five-spoke wheels, a dovetail spoiler, alternate grille, and other official GM accessory modifications. The Camaro GS Racecar Concept design was inspired by Mark Donohue's blue-and-yellow Trans Am Series Camaro. It features a carbon fiber hood, trunk lid, doors and fenders to keep weight down and is powered by an LS3

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: V8 mated to a Tremec TR-6060 six-speed manual transmission. Additional racing modifications included a exhaust with Coast Fab mufflers, C&R racing aluminum radiator, and coolers for the engine oil, transmission, and differential. It was designed for use in the KONI Challenge Series. The concept vehicle went on sale by Mecum Auctions during the 2013 Monterey Car Week. The Camaro Black Concept featured a matte black hood, tinted glass, HID headlamps with red "halo rings," a darker grille, dark-tinted taillight lenses, and wheels with a darker finish. The interior was blacked out. It was powered by the V6. On August 10,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 2006, GM Chairman and CEO Rick Wagoner announced that GM would build an all-new version of the Chevrolet Camaro based on the award-winning concept that debuted at the 2006 Detroit auto show in January 2006. The all-new Camaro was originally scheduled to begin production in 2008 and to go on sale in the first quarter of 2009 for the 2009 model year, but General Motors stated in March 2008 that production would be delayed until February 2009 with the Camaro going on sale in the spring of 2009 for the 2010 model year. Chevrolet General Manager Ed Peper said the

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: new Camaro "will appeal to both men and women, and unite customers with fond memories of previous Camaros with those who first experienced a Camaro" when the concept was unveiled in January. Bob Lutz's post on the "GM FastLane Blog" for August 10, 2006 thanked everyone in the blogosphere who commented and offered feedback on the Camaro. Following the development of the Zeta architecture and because of its position as the GM global center of RWD development, GM Holden in Australia led the final design, engineering, and development of the Camaro. Original plans for the car included sharing the chassis

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: with the Chevrolet Impala, which was to have switched to the Zeta platform. However, a 2007 energy law drastically changing the Corporate Average Fuel Economy forced GM to scuttle plans for replacing the W-Body Impala with the Zeta-based Impala. However, the new Camaro will be produced at the Oshawa Car Assembly manufacturing plant in Canada. 2,750 jobs would have been lost at the Oshawa manufacturing plant which had been originally scheduled to be closed in 2008; some of these jobs were saved due to the new Camaro's production. This new product program and conversion of the Oshawa plant to a

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: state of the art flexible manufacturing facility represented a US$740,000,000 investment. It was made available as a coupe in five different trim levels; the LS, 1LT, 2LT, 1SS, and 2SS. The LS and LT trim levels are powered by the 3.6 L () GM LLT V6 producing at 6,400 rpm and at 5,200 rpm. The SS with manual transmission is powered by the 6.2 L () GM LS3 V8 producing at 5,900 rpm and at 4,600 rpm while the SS with automatic transmission is powered by a new variant of the LS3 called the GM L99 which produces at 5,900

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: rpm and at 4,300 rpm. This new L99 V8, not to be confused with the earlier LT-series L99, uses Active Fuel Management which enables the engine to run on only four cylinders during light-load driving conditions, such as highway cruising, to improve fuel economy. Other features include a fully independent four-wheel suspension system, variable-rate power steering, four-wheel disc brake systems standard on all models (four-piston Brembo calipers on SS models), a StabiliTrak electronic stability/traction control system, Competitive/Sport modes for the stability system offered on SS models, launch control on SS models equipped with the six-speed manual transmission, and 6 standard

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: air bags that include head curtain side-impact air bags and front seat-mounted thorax side air bags. An RS appearance package is available on LT and SS trim levels which include HID headlamps with integrated halo rings, spoiler, and RS-specific taillamps and wheels. Rally and hockey stripe packages were made available in several colors as well. The vehicle was unveiled at the Warren Technical Center, followed by GM Holden's Melbourne headquarters, Yokohama Red Brick Park, and Summer Sonic 2010. US models went on sale in the first quarter of 2009. Japan models included the LT and SS, and went on sale

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: in 2009-12-05. On July 22, 2009, GM announced a Transformers Special Edition appearance package for the 2010 Camaro at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con. The appearance package (RPO code: CTH) could be applied to LT and SS Camaros with or without the optional RS package and could only be applied to orders made in the Rally Yellow exterior scheme. The package includes an Autobot shield badge on the driver and passenger side fenders underneath the Camaro nameplate, Autobot shield on each of the four wheel's center cap, Autobot shield embroidered on interior center console, Transformers logo on driver and passenger

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: doors' sill plates replacing the original "Camaro" labeled plates, and high-gloss black center rally stripes with the Transformers ghost logo embedded. This then made the 2010 Camaro resemble the Bumblebee Camaro from the 2007 movie, often referred to as T1 Bumblebee. Production of the add-on package ceased on January 12, 2010 with an estimated 1,500 units to produce straight from Order Workbenches. 1,916 units were finally produced at the end of 2010. Japan models went on sale on 2010-02. GM built Jay Leno his own Camaro, the Jay Leno Camaro is powered by the direct-injected V6 similar to the unit

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: that resides in stock LS and LT models, but has an additional pair of Turbonetics T-3 turbochargers which produces with the help of a custom air-to-air intercooler that feeds 7 pounds of boost into the engine. The extra performance is added with virtually no penalty in fuel economy. Besides the power upgrades, the vehicle also gets an upgraded Centerforce clutch and pressure plate for the six-speed manual transmission, an upgraded Be-Cool radiator, Brembo 6-piston brake package, a Pedders coil-over lowering kit, and a bodykit that includes a new rear diffuser as well as a revised front fascia and hood with

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: additional venting for brakes and engine. This Camaro concept has yet to be announced for any type of production release but its design is being used for the Bumblebee representation in the new Transformers 3 movie set which was released in the summer of 2011. The Synergy Concept Camaro was one of two concepts that showcased GM accessories that could be applied to the Camaro, previewing a new Synergy Green production exterior color which featured the latest in Camaro appearance accessories offered through Chevy dealers in 2009 demonstrated the personalization possibilities that are open to Camaro owners. The Synergy Concept

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: included Cyber Grey rally hood and rear deck stripes, new ground effects kit consisting of new rear diffuser, a front spoiler, a new rear bumper with integrated exhaust system and a rear high wing spoiler that was to have been available at the time of reveal. All accessories that were displayed on the concept Camaro were finished in the production Cyber Grey exterior color. The concept vehicle also included wheels with a black center finish and polished rim. The concept was further enhanced with a Pedders coil-over lowering kit and a set of large Brembo brakes. The interior is color-coordinated

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: with Jet Black and Synergy Green accent stitching, piping, interior tim kit and green ambient lighting that run along the door panels and speedometers. The production version of the concept Camaro, the Synergy Special Edition, would eventually be made available in February 2010 through May 2010 in limited numbers. Japan models went on sale in February 2010 through May 2010. The Camaro Chroma Concept is based on an LS3 SS/RS model in Summit White and uses a combination of accessory components that showcased future GM accessories for the Camaro which would become available during the 2011 run of the car.

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: The Chroma concept was the preliminary design of what would become later known as the "Synergy Series Camaro" that would debut at the 2010 SEMA Show. The accessories package included a new silver stripe package, wheels with silver-painted spoke centers with a Victory Red stripe painted along the edge of the wheel, "Blade” rear spoiler, color-matching ground effects package, rear fender vent graphics, and "Heritage" front grill with body-color outer frame. The interior comes with black and gray leather seats which feature red accent stitching that is also applied to the steering wheel and shifter boot that is surrounding a

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Hurst short-throw shifter as well as an interior trim kit painted in Silver Ice that incorporates the door panels and dash trim. Though the car is a looker it's not to be misunderstood as a show car, performance wise it's incorporated with a combination of General Motor Performance Parts off-road shorty headers, Pedders' suspension kit, off-road exhaust and Brembo Calipers painted in Victory Red. The Camaro Dusk Concept offers a contemporary tuner aesthetic featuring an aggressive look, a lowered ride height, BBS wheels, the rear spoiler from an SS model and a custom ground effects package. The ground effects package

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: includes a front splitter, rocker extensions, and a rear diffuser. The car is painted in Berlin Blue while the ground effects are painted a contrasting color. GM added a new exhaust system and Brembo brakes from a Camaro SS. The interior is trimmed in Jet Black and Sedona. Other interior features including footwell lighting and premium door sill plates. The concept also features advanced technology and premium audio options such as a Boston Acoustics sound system, WiFi connectivity, and cradle for an iPhone. Chevrolet launched a graphics campaign in October 2009 asking Camaro enthusiasts to vote for their favorite design

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: from several accessory graphics packages. The top four designs were produced and brought to the SEMA Show. The Camaro Graphics Concept wore those designs in different days. When the convention ends, another round of voting will be conducted and the winner will be considered for future production. Brent Dewar, vice president of Chevrolet, said that Camaro has thousands of fans on the social media sites and that this is one way for the company to stay connected to its customers. On January 14, 2010, GM announced the production version of the Synergy Concept Camaro originally shown at the 2009 SEMA

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: show. The Synergy Special Edition (RPO code: GHS) for the 2010 model year is based on the Camaro 1LT/2LT model and features the limited Synergy Green exterior color scheme. Though the edition is from the SEMA concept there are certain accessories that did not come on the production unit such as the high wing spoiler, Black painted wheels and ground effects kit. The production units came accented by Cyber Grey Rally Stripes running the length of the Camaro hood and rear deck. Other exterior features include a standard rear spoiler found on RS and SS packages replacing the high wing

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: and standard Sterling Silver painted wheels wrapped with P245/50R19 tires. The color scheme is carried over on the interior with a Synergy Green instrument panel and door inserts. Synergy Green stitching also accents the Jet Black cloth seats, steering wheel, shift knob, and center console. Other standard features include the Convenience and Connectivity Package which offers Bluetooth phone connectivity, a USB port for MP3 players, and remote vehicle start for models equipped with an automatic transmission. Though this edition of the Camaro has certain accessories that come available with the RS package, the RS package itself was not available to

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: purchase with the Synergy Camaro order. The Synergy Special Edition was available in limited production from February 2010 to May 2010. In April 2010 General Motors and the Indianapolis Motors Speedway announced limited production of the Pace Car that was introduced to pace the 2010 Indianapolis 500. The Indianapolis 500 Pace Car replica is based on the 2010 Camaro 2SS Automatic 400 hp 6.2L V8 model with RS package which includes the Inferno Orange exterior paint scheme with White Diamond rally stripes that run from front to the rear of the entire body of the car. The event and organization

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: logos of the Indianapolis 500 Speedway are decaled on both driver and passenger doors with special badging placed underneath both front quarter panels of the Camaro nameplate. Special event stitching of the 2010 event replaces the "SS" stitching on the headrests of the front interior seating, with special premium accented floor mats and Inferno Orange accented interior trim kit. The front grille is replaced with the heritage grille that was made available as an aftermarket accessory from GM, with the addition of an Inferno Orange trimmed engine cover. Production was limited to 294 units, the majority of which were produced

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: in automatics and a few had manual transmissions (Mostly Canadian). Out of the 294 units, 50 were sent to the Indianapolis 500 event (Festival cars) which could be seen during Pole Day prior to the event with each darning a license plate reflecting its number from 1-50. 45 other units were sent to Canada and 199 were sent to the 186 top Camaro selling dealerships based upon retail sales in the United States. Production of the 2010 Camaro Z4Z began half-way through the 2010 production year. The production of the 2010 Camaro was temporarily halted in April 2010 when all

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 294 of the Z4Z models were produced. After the 294 Z4Z Camaros were produced, production of the standard models resumed. The 2010 Camaro 2SS Indy 500 Pace Car (Z4Z) is the second lowest production number Camaro pace car has been made available for public purchase since its debut at the Indianapolis 500 in 1967. The SLP Performance ZL550 and ZL575 are limited production versions of the 2010 Chevrolet Camaro SS from SLP Performance. The ZL550 would have a supercharger attached to the 6.2L V8 boosting power from 426 to 550 bhp. The 550 hp variant was mated to the 6-speed

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: automatic. It would also include 20" 5-spoke red line machined spoke face with ZL center caps. A decal on the rear tail light in flat black. Heritage style SS badges on the front grill and rear panel, three ZL550 or ZL575 OEM-styled exterior badges, ZL550 or ZL575 logo embroidered in the headrests and floor mats. It also included a 1-250 numbered plaque on the dashboard and numbered key fobs. It also sported a cold air induction system and an axle-back exhaust system with unique tips. A tweaked suspension lowered the front 1" and 0.8" in the rear. The hood of

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: the car utilizes an RTM hood with a functional heat extractor. The ZL575 used the same 6.2L V8 upgraded with the ZL550's supercharger to produce 575 hp. The ZL575 came mated to the 6-speed manual transmission found in the normal Camaro but was tweaked to be able to handle the increased power. An option for the ZL575 was the 6-speed manual transmission would be installed with the clutch off of a Corvette ZR1 for sportier gear changes. Also, an option for the ZL550's transmission was being equipped with a 3:45 gear ratio. Brembo brakes were also an option. Sales began

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: at Chevy dealers in mid-2010. The Camaro Styling Special is a version of the 2010 Camaro LT RS and SS RS for the Japan market. It features a rally stripe, front grille, door sill plate (standard on SS RS). The vehicles went on sale in 2010-09. Stevenson Motorsports have entered two Camaros in the Continental Challenge Gran Sport class. They entered one Camaro in the 2009 race at Virginia International Raceway. It was driven by Jeff Bucknum and David Donohue, sons of Ronnie Bucknum and Mark Donohue. Ronnie and Mark were the drivers of the original Trans Am Camaro. John

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Stevenson confirmed during the Montreal round of the 2009 Rolex Sports Car Series season that Pratt & Miller are working on GT Camaros to replace the Pontiac GXP.R. Stevenson Motorsports will be entering Camaros in the 2010 Rolex Sports Car Series season. The drivers will be Andrew Davis, Robin Liddell, and Jan Magnussen for the #57 machine and Mike Borkowski and Gunter Schaldach for the #97 machine. TC Motorsports have entered two Camaros in the Continental Challenge for the 2010 season. Also entered is the aforementioned Sunoco Camaro, which debuted in the final round of the 2009 season. NASCAR uses

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: the Camaro in one of its three national touring series, the Xfinity Series. Drivers who race the Chevrolet SS in the sport's top level, the Sprint Cup Series, also drive the Camaro in the Xfinity Series, including Dale Earnhardt Jr. The Xfinity Series also uses the Ford Mustang and Toyota Camry. Assembly of the Fifth Generation Camaro took place in Canada, like the Fourth Generation Camaro before her. Production, however, was shifted from Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec to Oshawa, Ontario. Chevrolet started taking pre-orders for the 2010 Camaro on October 13, 2008, however sales to rentals and orders made after the pre-order

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: period, were processed before many of the pre-orders. By the end of 2008, General Motors confirmed more than 10,000 advanced orders and that all pre-orders would be completed by October 2009. Camaro sales began in April 2009. On January 17, 2009, the first production fifth-generation Camaro (VIN #100001) was auctioned at the 2009 Barrett-Jackson Collector Car Auction in an American Heart Association charity lot. The vehicle was purchased by Hendrick Motor Sports CEO Rick Hendrick for . By late June 2009, Chevrolet dealers were reporting that Camaro sales were exceeding availability, with prices running about above the MSRP. It was

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: suggested that this may be influenced by the prominent presence of the vehicle in the that was released worldwide through the month. General Motors sold 61,648 Camaros in the 2009 calendar year. Sales of the Camaro did not start until April 2009. A 2010 Camaro was shown while the main character was driving in the NBC series "My Own Worst Enemy", which premiered on October 13, 2008, as part of a marketing arrangement between GM and NBC. As part of the 2010 Camaro launch in Japan, a special GM-made T-shirt was made available between 2009-07-09 and 2009-08-31. As part of

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: the 2010 Camaro launch in Japan, a promotion movie for Camaro was premiered in Altavision Ginza between 2009-11-01 and 2009-11-08. As part of the 2011 Camaro launch in Japan, new members joining Hooters Tokyo between 2010-10-25 and 2010-11-30 could win a 2010 Chevrolet Camaro LT RS. For the 2011 model year, the Camaro V6 engine was certified at and , an increase of and from 2010. No engineering changes were made for the increase as GM claimed the in the 2010 Camaro was a conservative rating. The Synergy Green color from the 2010 Special Edition would be available on all

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 2011 model trim levels. A head-up display (HUD) with most of the instrument panel's information would be offered. The HUD is a modified version of the Chevrolet Corvette's display. The main difference is that the Corvette's is able to display lateral g-forces, while the Camaro's can not. The vehicle was unveiled in golf courses in Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka. Japan models include LT RS and SS RS with 6-speed automatic transmission, choice of 9 body colours (including new Red Jewel), and went on sale in 2010-09. The Camaro SSX concept car is a version of the street Camaro SS converted

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: into a closed-course track car, built to showcase new performance parts. The vehicle was constructed with input from Pratt and Miller, Chevrolet partner in Corvette Racing, and Riley Technologies using parts proven in the Grand Am racing series. It includes low-gloss Icy White Metallic body color with red accents and door graphics, carbon fiber hood, fenders, door and deck lid; exposed carbon fiber front splitter, rockers and adjustable rear wing; unique lower grille and brake ducts, removal of carpeting, sound deadener and rear seat; Ace suede-covered racing steering wheel and shifter, SCCA-approved roll cage and window net, racing driver's seat

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: with five-point harness, racing pedals, fire suppression system, fuel cell, video camera system mounted on the roll cage, LS3 6.2L V-8 enhanced with Chevrolet Performance Parts' camshaft, cylinder heads and dry-sump oiling system; production six-speed manual transmission with Corvette ZR1 twin-disc clutch, low-restriction air induction and exhaust systems, 4-wheel disc racing brake system with six-piston front/four-piston rear calipers and drilled and slotted rotors, modified production suspension with Pfadt licensed components and 20-inch racing wheels and tires. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 SEMA show. The car received two awards at SEMA: The SEMA Award: Hottest Car and the Gran

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Turismo Award: Best Domestic. On October 19, 2010 at 12pm EDT, orders of the Neiman Marcus Edition Camaro Convertible were opened through Neiman Marcus and sold out within three minutes becoming one of quickest-selling special edition vehicles that General Motors has put out in the market. A total of 100 units were produced and sold at a MSRP of $75,000 which owners received delivery of in early 2011. The NM Camaro was built under both the 1SS and 2SS models providing with the 6.2L V8 engine in both options of either manual or automatic transmissions with the equal fuel efficiency

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: and horsepower of the 2011 Camaros. Accessories that separated this edition from the rest were noticeably that of the exclusive tri-coat exterior paint called "Deep Bourdeaux" with ghosted rally stripes spanning across the hood to the rear deck along with a separate "Silver" painted windshield surround. A two-toned interior leather trim also separated the special edition from the rest with basic black leather with "Amber" interior accents on the front and rear seats as well as on the armrests all with accented "Brilliant Red" stitching on the aforementioned including the center console, steering wheel, and shift knob. A black interior

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: trim kit placed upon the doors panels and dash which replaced the standard "Midnight Silver" that came in standard 2LT and 2SS models. 21" five spoke wheels that were not yet released to the general public for separate purchasing until late 2011 were placed wrapped with Pirelli P-Zero tires that also contained a Brilliant Red strip flowing along the outer edge of the wheel to follow that stitching in the interior. This edition of the Camaro was the only batch of units that were to follow trimming keys of that from the 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept with the Silver painted

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Window surround, interior leather trim placements, and wide spoke wheels. No Camaro Convertible produced from the factory ever provided a different color windshield surround other than the produced body color. Production of the 2011 Camaro Convertible began on January 31, 2011 in Oshawa, Ontario, where the coupe is currently assembled. It arrived in dealerships in February, and is available in both base and SS versions like the coupe. US models include a choice of V6 and V8 (SS) engines, Tremec TR-6060 6-speed manual or Hydra-Matic 6L50 6-speed automatic transmission, and went on sale in 2011-02. Japan models include a choice

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: of four base (silver ice metallic, black, victory red, summit white) and two premium (rally yellow, inferno orange metallic) body colours. They went on sale in 2011-07-15. From concept to reality, the 2011 Synergy Series Camaro first made its debut at the 2009 SEMA event as a concept under the tag of Camaro Chroma. This concept was to display a combination of various parts from the Chevrolet Camaro's accessories catalog of both current and conceptual pieces to provide a different appearance from the other Camaro models. In 2010, the car would pop its face again however under a different exterior

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: paint scheme of "Cyber Gray Metallic" and new nameplate of Synergy Series. It was made known that the Synergy car being shown at the 2010 SEMA event was not just going to be a concept but that it would be made available to the general public to purchase for the 2011 year model run. On May 5, 2011 orders were open to those who desired to purchase the appearance package on top of the price of either a 2LT or 2SS in either a coupe or convertible plus purchase of the RS package was required. Only the exterior colors of

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Victory Red, Summit White or Black could be made with purchase. Upon ordering the Synergy Series Camaro people had the option to choose between two different packages: Level One (RPO: AJA): Red interior stitching on gray leather-appointed interior seats, center console, steering wheel, shifter boot and knob, and armrests on the doors. Switchblade Silver interior trim kit on dash and door panels with accented red light piping in door trim, footwells, and cup holders. Body colored ground effects, Heritage grille, Blade spoiler, and antenna. Red engine cover and red colored Brembo brake calipers. Premium floor mats with red edging and

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Silver stripe Yenko enspired decals on hood, mailslot, rear deck, and side gills. The MSRP for this option package level was US$4,995 additional with purchase of either 2LT or 2SS model both with order of a RS package. Level Two (RPO: AJB): All Content from Level One package with the addition of dealer-installed 21” wide five spoke wheels with "Blade Silver" inserts and "Red Flange" stripe along the edge of wheels. The MSRP for this option package level was US$9,995 additional with purchase of either 2LT or 2SS model both with order of a RS package. Only 500 units of

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: this package incorporated into the Camaros were to be produced for the 2011 model year run, however only 400 were actually ordered. The name Synergy was decided by Chevrolet to be not only known for the green color of the first run of special edition Camaros in 2010 but to be a yearly special edition Camaro offered by Chevrolet for their determination to release at least two special edition Camaros every year. So the word "Series" was added to reflect the editions as an annual special edition. The XM Accessory Appearance Package (RPO: ABN) was introduced at the 2010 SEMA

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: event providing an option that would differintiate the 1LT model from the rest as special editions were being offered towards the SS models. Ordering of the appearance package began on February 17, 2011 until the end of the 2011 model and were only limited to the following exterior colors of Black, Cyber Gray Metallic, and Imperial Blue Metallic. Integrated with the purchase of the XM Accessory Appearance Package were front body colored Heritage Grille, 21-inch diameter 5-spoke polished aluminum wheels, Silver strip running along the side of the Camaro following the contours of the shoulders to the front with pinstriping,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: premium capeted floor mats, rear spoiler without the need to purchase an RS (RPO: WRS) package and a 12-month free trial subscription to XM Satellite Radio. Production of the 2011 Camaro began on 2010-06-07. As part of the 2011 Camaro launch in Japan, a Camaro 2-DAY campaign took place between 2010-07-01 and 2010-09-30, featuring a 2-day test drive chosen by raffle from Chevrolet dealers. After the 2010 version incarnation of "Hawaii Five-0" was picked up by CBS for broadcast, starting with the second episode (September 27, 2010), a Chevrolet product placement deal includes a Camaro RS used by Danny Williams

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: (Scott Caan) used for the first three seasons, with a 2014 Camaro replacing it for Season 4. A second Camaro (an SS variant), in yellow, is used by Max Bergman (Masi Oka), starting in the second season. Changes to the 2012 Chevrolet Camaro include the introduction of the 323 horsepower 3.6L direct injection V-6 LFX engine replacing the outgoing V6 engine models, a new FE4 suspension package for SS coupe (retuned front and rear dampers, new solid front (23 mm) and rear (24 mm) stabilizer bars, 20-inch aluminum wheels with P245/45R20 front and P275/40R20 rear tires (from the SS)), a

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: revised instrument panel appearance (new instrument graphics and trim), a new steering wheel design with improved ergonomics, a power lift feature for the front passenger seat, a new Rear Vision Package (a rearview camera system and an auto-dimming mirror to the existing Rear Park Assist feature), a new rear spoiler as standard, taillamps from RS appearance package option becomes standard for all vehicles. Crystal Red Tintcoat replaces Red Jewel as an exterior color. Changes to the RS package include a new, body-color 'sharkfin' antenna. The 45th Anniversary Special Edition is based on 2LT and 2SS for both coupe and convertible

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: body styles, with unique rally stripe in red and silver at hood and deck, Carbon Flash Metallic body colour, badges located beneath the front fender emblems, new-design 20-inch wheels in dark silver, fog lamp and taillamp bezels finished in dark silver, RS-style taillamp lenses, standard rear spoiler and HID headlamps, body-color roof molding, Jet Black interior with leather-trimmed seats featuring the 45th Anniversary logo, white instrument panel and door trim inserts with the 45th Anniversary logo on the instrument panel, red, white and blue stitching on the seats, steering wheel, shift knob/boot, door armrests and console lid; 45th Anniversary logo

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: on the steering wheel and sill plates. 45th Anniversary Special Edition was unveiled in Camaro5 Fest II in Arizona. Japan models went on sale in 2012-01-20. Early models included coupe (LT RS, SS RS), convertible, 45th Anniversary Special Edition. The COPO Camaro Concept is a factory-built Stock Eliminator race car and the spiritual successor to the legendary special-order models from 1969, with provisions for two engine configurations (7.0L LS7 or 5.3L LS9), provisions for 3 transmission types (Powerglide two-speed automatic, 3-speed automatic, 5-speed manual), high-rise cowl-induction hood, custom Aeromotive fuel system with a fuel cell and integral high-pressure fuel pump,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: full chrome moly roll cage, coil-over front suspension with Strange Engineering adjustable struts, custom rear suspension based on NHRA requirements (Strange Engineering shocks, Panhard bar and stabilizer bar), Strange Engineering S-9 solid rear axle (aluminum third member, 35-spline spool, 35-spline axles and 4.10 gear set), COPO-specific racing wheels, 29x9-inch rear radial racing slicks and 4.5x28x15-inch front tires, manual steering system, Strange Engineering lightweight racing brakes system with standard line lock, removal of sound deadening and power accessories, 2 racing bucket seats (and no rear seat), a safety harness for the driver, a competition floor shifter, Chevrolet Performance gauges by Auto

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Meter. The Camaro Hot Wheels Concept is a concept vehicle based on the Camaro SS coupe with a Tremec TR-6060 six-speed manual transmission, inspired by the "Custom Camaro" 1/64-scale model that was part of the original Hot Wheels collection released in 1968. It was designed by General Motors' Design studio in Michigan and the Hot Wheels Design studio in California. Changes include Over Chrome Green body colour (created using Gold Touch Inc.'s Cosmichrome product) with ghosted Hot Wheels logo on the quarter panels, Satin black ground effects (splitter, rocker and rear fascia-side extensions), Satin black wheels with milled face and

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Torch Red stripe: 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear), ZL1 grille with Hot Wheels badging, Hot Wheels badge on the decklid, Euro-style taillamps with new inner smoked lens, Euro-style rear fascia with new diffuser and exhaust bezels, ZL1 rear spoiler, Chevrolet Accessories Modified Satin Black Stripe, Black aluminum "CAMARO" fender badges with milled face, Black aluminum hood insert with milled hood vent extractors, Chevrolet Accessories Synergy Series gill decals, Black leather-wrapped IP and door inserts with Torch Red accents, and cut-and-sew flames; Hot Wheels sill plates, Hot Wheels cut-and-sew embroidered logos in the front seatbacks, Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit, Chevrolet Accessories

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: footwell and cup holder lighting (red), Brembo brakes: six-piston front with two-piece rotors and four-piston calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), Suspension lowering kit by Pedders (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), Chevrolet Accessories strut tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories black engine cover, Chevrolet Accessories exhaust system. The Camaro Red Zone Concept is a version of the 2012 Camaro designed by Adam Barry. It features a black convertible tonneau cover, Chevrolet Accessories 21x8.5-inch silver/polished-face wheels, silver heritage stripe, Chevrolet Accessories body-color grille and convertible wind screen, suspension lowering kit by Pedders (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), concept polished strut tower brace, concept "RS" underhood liner,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Titanium leather interior with Silver Ice accents, Black soft instrument panel insert, Chevrolet Accessories Silver Ice door and instrument panel inserts, Chevrolet Accessories floor mats with silver "CAMARO" logos. The Camaro Synergy Series Concept is a version of the Camaro with Silver Ice body color with black Synergy stripes on the hood, with decklid and "mail slot" decals with red line inserts; Synergy gill decals and no SS or RS exterior badges, Chevrolet Accessories body-color ground effects and grille, Chevrolet Accessories 21-inch wheels in black with red stripe, Suspension lowering kit by Pedders (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), red Brembo brake

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: calipers, Chevrolet Accessories red engine cover, Concept "SS" underhood liner, Concept polished strut tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories floor mats (ebony with red and "CAMARO" logo in silver), Chevrolet Accessories lighting kit (displayed in red), Hurst short-throw shifter, Black leather interior with red accent stitching on seats, console, doors, steering wheel and shifter boot; Silver Ice instrument panel and door inserts, Black leather instrument panel soft insert with red stitching, SS logo with red outline on the head restraints, Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit. The Camaro 1LE Concept is a version of the Camaro featuring production components from both the Camaro SS

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: and the (then forthcoming) Camaro ZL1, with Victory Red body color, flat black hood and hash mark extensions, satin black splitter, rocker panels, rear spoiler and outside mirrors; sport suspension featuring Magnetic Ride Control, electric power steering, six-speed manual close-ratio transmission, 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) racing wheels (in satin black), Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar G asymmetrical tires (from the ZL1), Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and four-piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), dual exhaust outlets with ZL1-style active exhaust and diffuser, shock tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories red engine cover, Black leather interior with Light Stone

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: stitching, Graphite Silver door and instrument panel inserts, ZL1 shifter with Light Stone stitching, ZL1 flat-bottom steering wheel, Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit. Camaro ZL1 Carbon Concept is a version of Camaro ZL1 with Ashen Gray body colour, Chevrolet Accessories exposed-weave carbon fiber "Mohawk" hood insert, Carbon fiber rear spoiler with stainless-steel wicker bill, Carbon fiber inserts on the interior door and instrument panel, 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) wheels in satin black with machined faces, Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and four-piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), Magnetic Ride Control, dual exhaust outlets with active exhaust

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: and diffuser, Jet Black leather interior with sueded microfiber seat inserts and Torch Red stitching, ZL1 short-throw shifter with suede and carbon fiber-trimmed shift knob, Suede-trimmed flat-bottom steering wheel, ZL1 pedals. The vehicles were unveiled in 2011 SEMA Show. Chevrolet introduced a new Camaro model, the ZL1, at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show. There are numerous differences between the ZL1 and the normal V6 and SS models. More than 30 percent of the Camaro SS was re-engineered for the Camaro ZL1. The car features a LSA V8 engine with a supercharger that @ SAE-is rated at @ 6000 rpm and

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: @ 4200 rpm of torque – making it the most-powerful production Camaro ever. Power is delivered to the rear wheels by either a six-speed manual TR-6060 or 6L90 automatic transmission. The manual has a stronger output shaft, a more robust rear housing and an additional mainshaft roller bearing to provide 30-percent more torque capacity than the automatic transmission used in the Camaro SS. To improve shift quality, there are triple synchros in some gears and a revised linkage. A new dual-mass flywheel is bolted to a high-capacity twin-disc clutch. The automatic has additional clutch plates, a strengthened output shaft and

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: is programmed with three operating modes (Drive/Sport/Manual). The ZL1's power is complemented by exclusive performance technologies, including the third generation of Magnetic ride suspension and Performance Traction Management. Brembo brake calipers with six pistons per wheel in front and four pistons per wheel in back handle stopping. A duct system delivers air from the grille to the hard-working rotors. The 20-inch forged-aluminum wheels are fitted with second-generation Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar radials (285/35ZR-20 in front, 305/35ZR-20 in back). Damping is provided by Magnetic Ride Control units similar to those that Cadillac and Corvette have long used. This system can sense

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: the need for a damping correction 1000 times per second and make that change in only five milliseconds. The Performance Traction Management (PTM) system was originally engineered for the Corvette ZR1. In addition to modulating engine torque for optimum launch performance in manual-equipped ZL1s, PTM also varies the traction control and suspension damping as needed. The five available modes are for wet, dry, sport with or without stability control and race-driving conditions. Additional track-ready features standard on the Camaro ZL1 include coolers for the engine, transmission and rear differential, cooling ducts for the Brembo brakes, and a high-performance fuel system

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: delivers fuel to the LSA engine under any performance-driving condition. The ZL1’s rear axle includes a high-capacity cast-iron-case differential, massive asymmetrical half shafts, and extra-heavy-duty universal joints. To keep the lubricant temperature in line, there’s an oil-to-oil heat exchanger built into the bottom of the differential. Transmission fluid circulates through that heat exchanger and through the radiator to drop operating temps by more than . In addition, the engine is fitted with the same oil-to-coolant heat exchanger used in the Corvette ZR1. The ZL1 has a deeper oil pan, a longer pickup, and a higher-capacity pump than the SS. The

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: ZL1 can sprint from 0 to in 3.8 seconds and do the in 11.94 seconds at . The Camaro 2LS was manufactured by GM in 2012. Designed for a better fuel economy using a slightly different gear ratio, this vehicle resembles the trim of the original LS. It is available in both manual transmission, as well as the option for a 6-speed automatic with shift knobs on each opposite side of the steering wheel. One downside about the 2LS is that it does not contain the option for “Sports Mode”. Instead of sports mode, the vehicle goes into Electronic Range

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Select (2LS). This allows the driver to choose the highest gear that the transmission will shift into. While the 2012 2LS still able to achieve rear slip limited differential with the press and hold down of a button. There is very little that this car is lacking. Fortunately there are many unique colors the 2LS is available in throughout the United States. This information can help a buyer as they will be able to choose exactly what kind of vehicle they want to purchase. Also, certain dealers will not provide this information as they may not be aware themselves. The

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 2012 COPO Camaro (P/N 20129562) is a limited production (69 units) version of the Camaro factory drag-racing cars designed for NHRA Stock Eliminator and Super Stock classes. It has a Powerglide automatic transmission with a choice of 3 engines (an LS7 7.0L V8, an LSX 5.3L V8 with a 2.9L supercharger or a LSX 5.3L V8 with a 4.0L Whipple supercharger). It also has a choice of 5 body colors (Flat Black, Summit White, Victory Red, Silver Ice Metallic and Ashen Gray Metallic), a solid rear axle, a full chrome moly roll cage, removal of sound deadening and power accessories,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 2 racing bucket seats (no rear seat), a safety harness for the driver, a competition floor shifter, Chevrolet Performance gauges, Bogart racing wheels and Hoosier Racing Tires. COPO graphics package includes color from the concept vehicle, but in Metallic White, Semi-Gloss Black, Inferno Orange Metallic and Chevy Racing Blue. Collector's Package includes all three COPO racing engines serial-number-matched to the car, with one installed at the time of delivery. The vehicles went on sale via a confirmation letter to registered buyer. Delivery began at the General Motors Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan, starting at summer 2012. The COPO Camaro

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Convertible is a limited production (2 units) version of the 2012 COPO Camaro from the final 2012 COPO Camaro units. It features a supercharged LSX 5.3L V8 engine with a 4.0L Whipple supercharger that produces 550 hp as well as a black (#68) or Inferno Orange Metallic (#69) body colour with additional custom graphics and special interior trim and a Turbo 400 three-speed automatic transmission (#69). Car number 69 was unveiled at the 2012 SEMA show. Car number 68 was kept at GM Heritage Center. Car number 69 went on sale at the 2013 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Auction in an American

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Heart Association charity lot. In the fall of 2011, a ZL1 was clocked doing a flying lap of the Nürburgring in 7:41.27, placing it in the same class as much more expensive cars like the Porsche 911 Turbo S, Lamborghini Murciélago LP640, and the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. There were 1,971 ZL1's produced for the initial 2012 model year. 99 were officially allocated for Canada. The rarest being in the Imperial Blue color, (GAP paint code) of which there are reported to be only 4 produced. 2 with the advanced automatic transmission, & 2 with the 6 speed standard. Engines for

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: 2012 COPO Camaro engine were assembled at Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan. 2012 COPO Camaro were built by hand starting with hardware from the Oshawa assembly plant, including the same "body in white" body shells racers can purchase from Chevrolet Performance. A 2012 COPO Camaro engine was built by Hendrick Motorsports owner and Hendrick Automotive Group chairman Rick Hendrick. Among the 69 2012 COPO Camaros produced, 67 were coupes and 2 were convertibles, 43 cars were equipped with the 427 naturally aspirated engine (including the original proof of concept show car that debuted at the 2011 SEMA Show), 20

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: cars were equipped with the 327 / 4.0L-supercharged engine, 6 cars were equipped with the 327 / 2.9L-supercharged engine, 8 customers ordered the collector's package, 32 cars were painted Summit White (including the original show car), 20 cars were painted Black, 12 cars were painted Victory Red, 2 cars were painted Ashen Grey Metallic, 2 cars were painted Silver Ice Metallic, 1 car was painted Inferno Orange Metallic, 12 cars were ordered without COPO graphics. The final 2012 COPO Camaro Convertible was sold at the 2013 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Auction for US$400,000. Hot Wheels produced a collector's edition 1:64-scale model car

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: based on the Camaro Hot Wheels Concept. Production Numbers Changes to the 2013 model year Camaro include: The 1LE package is offered on 1SS and 2SS coupe models, with an exclusive Tremec TR-6060/MM6 6-speed manual transmission with a standard air-to-liquid cooling system, 3.91 geared limited slip differential, exclusive monotube rear dampers, 27-mm solid front stabilizer bar, 28-mm solid rear stabilizer bar, higher-capacity rear-axle half shafts, strut tower brace, ZL1-based 20 x 10-inch front and 20 x 11-inch aluminum wheels, 285/35ZR20 Goodyear Eagle Supercar G:2 tires front and rear (identical to the front tires for ZL1), ZL1 wheel bearings, toe links

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: and rear shock mounts; ZL1 high-capacity fuel pump and additional fuel pickups, matte black hood, black front splitter and rear spoiler, 10-spoke ZL1-based wheels; ZL1's flat-bottom steering wheel trimmed in sueded microfiber, short-throw shifter from the ZL1 trimmed in sueded microfiber. The RS package (available for LT and SS models) adds 20-inch wheel, body-color roof moldings and antenna, high-intensity discharge headlamps. Changes to the SS models includes standard variable-effort electric power steering, optional Recaro bucket seats, optional dual-mode exhaust system on manual transmission-equipped models. Both features were introduced on the Camaro ZL1. Exterior colors include Summit White, Black, Crystal Red

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Tintcoat, Victory Red, Rally Yellow, Inferno Orange Metallic, Ashen Grey Metallic and Metallic. The convertible top color choices include black and beige. The Camaro made 426 horsepower when equipped with the 6 speed manual transmission, whereas the 6 speed automatic made 400 horsepower. The NASCAR Nationwide Series Camaro coupe incorporated the unique power-bulge hood and deep recessed grille from the production Camaro. In addition, the design incorporates the distinctive halo light rings and dual-port grille appearances, and the gold bowtie. The vehicle was unveiled in 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series Practice at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Tony Stewart's Camaro ZL1 is a

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: version of the Camaro ZL1 coupe designed in association with Chevrolet Design Manager Dave Ross. It features a custom gray metallic body colour accented with tribal and Smoke graphics in flat red and silver pinstripes, tinted headlamp lenses with red halo lighting, custom wheels with a Piano Black finish and red accents, Jet Black leather seats with suede inserts and scarlet accent stitching, embroidered Tony Stewart signatures on the seats, suede leather door panel inserts and instrument panel wrapping with laser-etched details, Jet Black leather door armrests with French stitching and white piping, Jet Black suede leather-wrapped steering wheel with

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: scarlet accent stitching, Piano Black trim plates and a custom gauge cluster bezel. The Camaro ZL1 Touring Convertible concept is a Camaro ZL1 convertible with green exterior color, 10-spoke Chevrolet Accessories wheels with liquid metal finish and milled faces, windshield header frame, taillamp bezels and exterior badges with liquid metal finish; matte black splitter and rockers, matte black upper fascia blackout, polished shock tower brace under the hood, ebony leather seats with Mojave perforated leather inserts and light Mojave stitching, Mojave leather-wrapped armrests, leather shift knob and console lid with Mojave stitching, Chevrolet Accessories Ice Blue interior lighting kit, ZL1-logo

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: premium floor mats and sill plates. The Camaro Performance V-8 concept is a black Camaro SS with Chevrolet Performance ZL1 rear differential kit, 5.1-ratio short-throw shifter, shock tower brace with white Camaro graphic, Camaro 1LE suspension kit, Camaro ZL1 brake conversion kit, concept dual-mode exhaust system, Camaro ZL1 rockers and rear lower diffuser, Camaro Dusk front splitter, upper front fascia blackout graphic, hood and decklid graphics in red metallic, Chevrolet Accessories black blade rear spoiler, heritage grille and 'gill' graphics, Chevrolet Accessories 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) five-spoke black wheels with polished 'fangs', Camaro ZL1 black suede seat inserts with

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: Jet Black leather seats; Torch Red stitching and carbon fiber-material bolsters, red suede stripe on the driver's seatback, Camaro ZL1 flat-bottom steering wheel with carbon fiber material, Camaro ZL1 suede shift knob with 5.1 badge, leather carbon fiber-material-wrapped instrument panel and door inserts, suede-wrapped soft instrument panel insert, Chevrolet Accessories lighting package, pedal covers and Camaro-logo premium floor mats; Concept Chevrolet Performance embroidered console lid and sill plates, production RS gauge package. The Camaro Performance V-6 concept includes a 323-horsepower LFX V-6 engine, ZL1 Brake Conversion Kit, Camaro 1LE suspension kit, rear differential from the Camaro 1LE, Summit White body

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: colour, Chevrolet Performance shock tower brace, Camaro ZL1 dual-mode exhaust system and rear diffuser, Camaro convertible rear spoiler in matte black, Chevrolet Accessories heritage grille painted matte black, Camaro Dusk front splitter in matte black, upper front fascia blackout graphic, matte black hood wrap with exposed Summit White stripe, Chevrolet Accessories 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) 10-spoke black wheels with milled faces, Summit White door panel and instrument panel inserts, Chevrolet Accessories lighting package, pedal covers and Camaro-logo premium floor mats; Concept Chevrolet Performance embroidered console lid and sill plates, Concept Chevrolet Performance logo on the instrument panel insert, Production

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: RS gauge package. The vehicles were unveiled at the 2012 SEMA show. The Camaro SS 1LE package became available under the 2013 Chevrolet Performance Catalog. The Camaro Giovanna Edition is a version of the Camaro LT RS and SS RS for the Japanese market. It was created by the owner of the Cadillac/Chevrolet dealership in Tokyo's Kunitachi suburb, with further input from noted Japanese journalist Tatsuya Kushima. It included a choice of 4 body colors (Silver Ice Metallic, Black, Rally Yellow (optional), Summit White), body stripe (original GT decal), fuel door with Giovanna Edition Logo, front SS or RS emblem,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: rear Chevrolet bow tie decal, Giovanna Edition Logos on the head rests and door sill plates and Giovanna Wheel 20-inch aluminium wheels (2013 model) by WTW Corp. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 Tokyo Auto Salon, and went on sale until 2013-03-31. The "Turbo" Camaro Coupe is a concept vehicle based on Camaro coupe and inspired by the DreamWorks Turbo movie snail. It included lower rockers and fender flares in a wide body design configuration, a front splitter and rear diffuser, a GT concept rear wing spoiler, custom front and rear LED lighting with multicolor halo effect for the

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: front headlamps, black body colour with a vinyl chrome wrap dark tinted to look like black chrome, 24x10-inch front wheels with a front wheel and custom offset, 24x15-inch rear wheels, a supercharged 700+ HP V8 engine with automatic transmission, a custom created intake assembly for supercharger housing, 2x2 5-inch diameter rear exhaust outlets, custom COPO hood assembly, low profile hood pin system, front suspension with custom adjustable coilover strut assemblies and rear suspension with custom adjustable rear springs and shock assemblies. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 Chicago Auto Show. The Camaro Hot Wheels Special Edition is a version

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: of the Camaro available in coupe and convertible body styles, with a choice of 2LT (V-6) and 2SS (V-8) trims with ZL1 appearance. Changes include: SS models includes L99 (automatic transmission) or LS3 (manual transmission) engine. LT-based models include LFX 3.6L V-6 engine. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 SEMA Show, followed by the 2013 Indianapolis 500. Production began in the first quarter of 2013, and ordering began on 2012-10-29. Japan models went on sale in limited quantities (10 units), which included Kinetic Blue Metallic body colour, black 20-inch wheels, HOT WHEELS decal stripe, exclusive rear spoiler, front leather

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: seats with HOT WHEELS embroidering, engine cover in black, premium floor mat, LFX V-6 engine. The 2013 COPO Camaro is a limited production (69 units) version of the Camaro factory drag-racing cars designed for NHRA Stock Eliminator classes, with a new manual or Powerglide automatic transmission and a choice of 3 engines (a 350-cubic-inch engine rated at 325 horsepower, a 396-cubic-inch engine rated at 375 horsepower or a 427-cubic-inch engine rated at 425 horsepower). It also features a fuel-injection system, engine management from a Holley HP EFI electronic control unit with self-tuning fuel table strategies and data logging, Holley Hi-Ram

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: intake manifold, rear axle gearing optimized for each vehicle depending on the engine and transmission, a 'heritage' grille and standard-production (non-HID) headlamps, new exterior graphics choices with engine-size call-outs, revised interior package with custom carpet and new switch panel, dedicated racing wiring harness, and revised front springs that enhance performance, transmission cooler integrated with radiator, choice of 5 body colors (Black, Summit White, Victory Red, Silver Ice Metallic and Ashen Gray Metallic), NHRA-approved roll cage and other safety equipment, racing chassis and suspension components (including a unique solid rear axle system in place of a regular-production Camaro's independent rear axle),

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: lightweight Bogart racing wheels, Hoosier Racing Tires and a sequenced build serial number matched to the engine. The car is sold without a Vehicle identification number (VIN) though, and thus cannot be registered for highway use. Engine Collector's Package includes all three COPO racing engines serial-number-matched to the car, with one installed at the time of delivery. The vehicles went on sale by signing up on the COPO Camaro Mailing List at chevroletperformance.com by 2013-03-07, with randomly chosen buyers identified by 2013-03-11. Production began in April 2013, with deliveries starting in early summer. Customers must take delivery of the car

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: in the Detroit area, where the COPO Camaros are built. The Camaro coupe started racing in the NASCAR Nationwide Series beginning in the 2013 season. The 2013 COPO Camaro #041 was built by Richard Rawlings of Gas Monkey Garage and Dennis Collins of Collins Bros. Jeep at the Wixom plant. The vehicle was sold for $137,500.00 (includes buyers commission) at 2013 Barrett-Jackson Reno auction. The production of the vehicle was featured in Fast N' Loud. Changes to the Camaro for the 2014 model year include a redesigned front and rear end, resulting in a wider, lower, more contemporary appearance, and

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: a front fascia featuring a wider lower opening as well as a narrower upper opening that also updates the appearance of the iconic “halo ring” HID headlamps on the Camaro RS package. Other additions include a functional hood vent on the Camaro SS and optional Recaro seats with microfiber suede inserts for the SS and ZL1 packages. The Head-Up Display and Driver Information Center are also now in color for the 2LT, 2SS and ZL1 models. The Camaro Z/28 is a version of the Camaro SS with a full aerodynamic package designed to produce downforce at track speeds. The package

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: includes a large splitter connected to an underbody panel, fender flares over the front and rear wheels, extended rocker panels, redesigned rear spoiler and a functional diffuser. Other changes include interior trim in matte-metallic Octane finish, a flat-bottomed steering wheel, standard Recaro seats with microfiber suede inserts and manual adjustment, elimination of the seat-back pass through, high-density foam in place of the rigid structure of the seat back and steel mesh of the seat bottom, a 7.0L LS7 V8 engine co-developed with Corvette Racing, racing-style cold-air induction system with large K&N air filter, standard dual mode exhaust system with larger-diameter

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: pipes, Tremec TR-6060 6-speed manual transmission, limited-slip differential with a helical gear set, 19-inch diameter wheels with Pirelli PZero Trofeo R 305/30ZR19 tires, Multimatic DSSV spool valve dampers, Brembo Carbon Ceramic Matrix brake discs (394 x 36 mm front and 390 x 32 mm), monoblock calipers (6-piston front, 4-piston rear), elimination of tire inflating kit (except for units sold in Rhode Island and New Hampshire), removed interior sound deadener and carpeting from the trunk, replaced the standard LN4 battery with LN3 battery, replaced standard 3.5mm glass with thinner 3.2mm glass for the rear window, removal of HID headlamps and foglights,

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: removal of air conditioning (available as a stand-alone option). The vehicles were unveiled at the 2013 New York Auto Show (in coupe form), followed by the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show (in convertible and coupe form). US models of the 2014 Camaro arrived at Chevrolet dealers later in 2013. The Camaro Z/28 was expected to appear at track events across the United States in spring 2014. European Camaro convertible and coupe included new MyLink connected radio, and were set to arrive at Chevrolet dealerships at the end of 2013. The Z/28 has a time of 4.0 seconds and a top speed

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: of . Z/28 won Motor Trend's 2014 Best Driver's Car Award, beating the Alfa Romeo 4C, BMW i8, BMW M4, Nissan GT-R Nismo and five other cars. All models except for the 1LS,2LS and Z/28 feature Chevrolet's MyLink System, featuring an AM FM car radio with full touch screen LCD display, XM Satellite Radio, app compatibility, including support for Pandora Internet Radio through a compatible Android smartphone or iPhone. A CD player is not offered in uplevel models. The Camaro models equipped with Chevrolet's MyLink radios feature a MicroSD card slot, and GPS navigation system is also an option for

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: all uplevel Camaro models. The 1LS and 2LS models feature an A/M F/M car radio with XM Satellite Radio, and a single-disc CD player. All Camaro models feature OnStar with OnStar Remote Link, and all Camaro models also feature a remote USB and iPod or iPhone port, a 3.5-millimeter auxiliary input jack, a steering wheel with remote audio system and Bluetooth and OnStar hands-free controls, as well as Bluetooth with A2DP Stereo Streaming for music. The audio system in basic Camaro models is a six-speaker system, while a 368-watt amplified Boston Acoustics sound system with eight (convertible) or nine (coupe)

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: premium speakers and subwoofer (only on coupe models) is also available, and standard on uplevel Camaro models. Both the 1LS and 2LS Camaro models get the 1LT standard eighteen-inch alloy wheels, replacing the previously available eighteen-inch Heritage steel wheels on these models. All Camaro models receive new tire and wheel combinations. The seats are redesigned in all Camaro models to further imitate that of classic Camaros, and the 1LS, 2LS, 1LT, and 1SS models feature a striped pattern. Takara Tomy produced a self-transforming Camaro coupe under the Transformers Omnibot line, produced in association with Kenji Ishida of Brave Robotics. The

title: "Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)" content: toy was unveiled at the Tokyo Toy Show in 2013. For the 2015 model year, the Camaro saw only one major change in the exterior color choices, with the addition of Blue Velvet Metallic. All other features were carried over from the 2014 model year. Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation) The fifth-generation Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car produced by Chevrolet. It is the fifth distinct generation of the Camaro to be produced since its original introduction in 1967. Production of the new Camaro began on March 16, 2009 after several years on hiatus since the previous generation's production ended in

Answer: Chevrolet

Answer: Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company y Nahuelito Gimenez

Answer: Chevy

Answer: Chevrolet


Question: Which historic period or era did this place occur?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: Ring of Brodgar The Ring of Brodgar (or Brogar, or Ring o' Brodgar) is a Neolithic henge and stone circle about 6 miles north-east of Stromness on the Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney. The Ring of Brodgar (or Brogar, or Ring o' Brodgar) is a Neolithic henge and stone circle in Orkney, Scotland. Most henges do not contain stone circles; Brodgar is a striking exception, ranking with Avebury (and to a lesser extent Stonehenge) among the greatest of such sites. The ring

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: of stones stands on a small isthmus between the Lochs of Stenness and Harray. These are the northernmost examples of circle henges in Britain. Unlike similar structures such as Avebury, there are no obvious stones inside the circle, but since the interior of the circle has never been excavated by archaeologists, the possibility remains that wooden structures, for example, may have been present. The site has resisted attempts at scientific dating and the monument's age remains uncertain. It is generally thought to have been erected between 2500 BC and 2000 BC, and was, therefore, the last of the great Neolithic

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: its Maeshowe tomb make the Ring of Brodgar a site of major importance. The site is a scheduled ancient monument and has been recognized as part of the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" World Heritage Site in 1999. The Heart of Neolithic Orkney was inscribed as a World Heritage site in December 1999. In addition to the Ring of Brodgar, the site includes Maeshowe, Skara Brae, the Standing Stones of Stenness and other nearby sites. It is managed by Historic Environment Scotland, whose 'Statement of Significance' for the site begins: The monuments at the heart of Neolithic Orkney and Skara Brae

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: late Neolithic or early Bronze Age stone ring and a later expression of the spirit which gave rise to Maeshowe, Stenness and Skara Brae The first formal survey of the Ring of Brodgar and surrounding antiquities was performed in 1849 by Royal Navy Captain F.W.L. Thomas of HM cutter "Woodlark". Captain Thomas was in the area drawing up Admiralty Charts in 1848–49, and he and his crew performed archaeological surveys as well resulting in the publication in 1852 of "The Celtic Antiquities of Orkney". Ongoing excavations by Orkney College at the nearby Ness of Brodgar site located roughly midway between

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: Thom's thesis, based on a statistical analysis of Neolithic monuments in the United Kingdom, is that the builders of these sites employed a common unit of measurement, although it has not been demonstrated how this information could have been shared: see Pseudoscientific metrology. Heggie casts doubt on this as well, stating that his careful analysis uncovered "little evidence for a highly accurate unit" and "little justification for the claim that a highly accurate unit was in use". Thom and his father made other controversial contentions, for example, that Brodgar and the burial mounds that surround it were designed specifically as

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: backsights for astronomical observations of the Moon. Graham Ritchie points out that the burial mounds have not been reliably dated, and he casts doubt on the astronomical prowess of the builders. Euan MacKie suggested that the nearby village of Skara Brae might be the home of a privileged theocratic class of wise men who engaged in astronomical and magical ceremonies at sites like Brodgar and Stenness. Graham and Anna Ritchie cast doubt on this interpretation noting that there is no archaeological evidence for the claim, although a Neolithic "low road" connects Skara Brae with the chambered tomb of Maeshowe, passing

title: "Ring of Brodgar" content: near Brodgar and Stenness. Low roads connect Neolithic ceremonial sites throughout Britain. The Ring of Brodgar features in Kathleen Fidler's 1968 novel "The Boy with the Bronze Axe"; here, it is depicted in a midsummer ceremony in which a lamb is sacrificed. In Fidler's story, women are forbidden from entering the Ring, which is a male-only space. In Troika Games 2001 title "", the Ring of Brodgar appears in the town of Roseborough and is pivotal to the plot. Ring of Brodgar The Ring of Brodgar (or Brogar, or Ring o' Brodgar) is a Neolithic henge and stone circle about

Answer: Neolithic

Answer: Neolithic

Answer: Neolithic Age

Answer: Neolithic Era

Answer: Neolithic Period


Question: who/what operates this park?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

title: "Mount Rainier National Park" content: Mount Rainier Wilderness, a designation it received in 1988. It is abutted by the Tatoosh Wilderness. The park was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 18, 1997 as a showcase for the National Park Service Rustic style architecture (or "parkitecture") of the 1920s and 1930s, exemplified by the Paradise Inn and a masterpiece of early NPS master planning. As an Historic Landmark district, the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The film "Track of the Cat" (1954) was filmed in and around Mount Rainer National Park. The earliest evidence of human activity in the

title: "Mount Rainier National Park" content: area which is now Mount Rainier National Park, a projectile point dated to circa 4,000-5,800 BP (before present) found along Bench Lake Trail (the first section of Snow Lake Trail). A more substantial archeological find was a rock shelter near Fryingpan Creek, east of Goat Island Mountain. Hunting artifacts were found in the shelter. The shelter would not have been used all year round. Cultural affinities suggest the site was used by Columbia Plateau Tribes from 1000 to 300 BP. In 1963 the National Park Service contracted the Washington State University to study Native American use of the Mount Rainier

title: "Mount Rainier National Park" content: design and preservation the park's National Park Service Rustic-style architecture. The park contains 42 locations designated on the National Register of Historic Places, including four National Historic Landmarks. Paradise () is the name of an area at approximately on the south slope of Mount Rainier in the national park. Paradise is the most popular destination for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park. 62% of the over 1.3 million people who visited the park in 2000 went to Paradise. Paradise, near the subalpine valley of the Paradise River, is the location of the historic Paradise Inn (built 1916), Paradise Guide House

title: "Mount Rainier National Park" content: (built 1920) and Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center (built 1966; demolished and replaced, 2008). The National Park Service says that "Paradise is the snowiest place on Earth where snowfall is measured regularly." of snow fell during the winter of 1971/72, setting a world record for that year. Subsequently, in the winter of 1998/99, Mount Baker Ski Area received . Paradise holds the Cascade Range record for most snow on the ground with on 10 March 1956. Under the Köppen climate classification, the park has a subarctic climate ("Dfc") with a drying trend in the summer. Longmire () is a visitor

title: "Mount Rainier National Park" content: center in Mount Rainier National Park, located east of the Nisqually Entrance. The area is named after James Longmire, an early settler in Puget Sound. The area is in the Nisqually River valley at an elevation of between The Ramparts Ridge and the Tatoosh Range. Longmire is surrounded by old-growth Douglas fir, western red cedar and western hemlock. Longmire is the location of Mount Rainier's National Park Inn, the Longmire Museum, and the 1928 National Park Service Administration Building, which is now a Wilderness Information Center. The National Park Inn is the only accommodation in the park open all year

Answer: National Park Service

Answer: National Park Service

Answer: National Park Service of the United States

Answer: National Parks Service

Answer: United States Parks Service

Answer: NPS

Answer: National Park Service, NPS

Answer: United States National Park Service


Question: What is the immediately prior item that this organization follows in a series?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "British Aerospace" content: British Aerospace British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. Formed in 1977, in 1999 it purchased Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc, to form BAE Systems. The company was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation on 29 April 1977 as a result of the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act. This called for the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics

title: "British Aerospace" content: reduced to 5%. The Orange shareholding was a legacy of the 30% stake in Hutchison Telecommunications (UK) Ltd when Hutchison exchanged its own shares for a mobile phone company (Microtel Communications Ltd) from BAe. BAeSEMA, Siemens Plessey and GEC-Marconi formed UKAMS Ltd in 1994 as part of the Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS) consortium. UKAMS would become a wholly owned subsidiary of BAe Dynamics in 1998. In 1995 Saab Military Aircraft and BAe signed an agreement for the joint development and marketing of the export version of the JAS 39 Gripen. In 1996 BAe and Matra Defense agreed to merge

title: "British Aerospace" content: their missile businesses into a joint venture called Matra BAe Dynamics. In 1997 BAe joined the Lockheed Martin X-35 Joint Strike Fighter team. The company acquired the UK operations of Siemens Plessey Systems (SPS) in 1998 from Siemens AG. DASA purchased SPS' German assets. Defence consolidation became a major issue in 1998, with numerous reports linking various European defence groups – mainly with each other but also with American defence contractors. It was widely anticipated that BAe would merge with Germany's DASA to form a pan-European aerospace giant. A merger deal was negotiated between Richard Evans and DASA CEO Jürgen

Answer: Hawker Siddeley

Answer: Siemens Plessey

Answer: British Aircraft Corporation

Answer: Hawker Siddeley

Answer: Siemens Plessey

Answer: Hawker Siddeley Group Limited

Answer: British Aircraft Corporation

Answer: BAC

Answer: Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Co.


Question: What is this building named after?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: Wright Brothers National Memorial Wright Brothers National Memorial, located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, commemorates the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine. From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came here from Dayton, Ohio, based on information from the U.S. Weather Bureau about the area's steady winds. They also valued the privacy provided by this location, which in the early twentieth century was remote from major population centers. Authorized as Kill Devil Hill Monument on March 2, 1927, it was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933. Congress

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: renamed it and designated it a national memorial on December 4, 1953. As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the national memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The memorial's visitor center, designed by Ehrman Mitchell and Romaldo Giurgola, was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001. The memorial is co-managed with two other Outer Banks parks, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. The Wrights made four flights from level ground near the base of the hill on December 17, 1903, following three

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: years of gliding experiments from atop this and other nearby sand dunes. It is possible to walk along the actual routes of the four flights, with small monuments marking their starts and finishes. Two wooden sheds, based on historic photographs, recreate the world's first airplane hangar and the brothers' living quarters. The Visitor Center is home to a museum featuring models and actual tools and machines used by the Wright brothers during their flight experiments including a reproduction of the wind tunnel used to test wing shapes and a portion of the engine used in the first flight. In one

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: wing of the Visitor Center is a life-size replica of the Wright brothers' 1903 Flyer, the first powered heavier-than-air aircraft in history to achieve controlled flight (the original being displayed at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.). A full-scale model of the Brothers' 1902 glider is also present, having been constructed under the direction of Orville Wright himself. Adorning the walls of the glider room are portraits and photographs of other flight pioneers throughout history. The visitor center's Modern design was a departure from the National Park Service's earlier, more traditional buildings, and was built as part

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: of its "Mission 66" modernization and expansion program. As the first major building of that effort, it was a high-profile success, bringing critical notice for its Modern design and launching the careers of its designers. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 for its architecture and its importance to the Park Service's program. A 60-foot (18 m) granite monument, dedicated in 1932, is perched atop 90-foot-tall (27 m) Kill Devil Hill, commemorating the achievement of the Wright brothers. They conducted many of their glider tests on the massive shifting dune that was later stabilized to form Kill Devil

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: Hill. Inscribed in capital letters along the base of the memorial tower is the phrase "In commemoration of the conquest of the air by the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright conceived by genius achieved by dauntless resolution and unconquerable faith." Atop the tower is a marine beacon, similar to one found in a lighthouse. The doors of the tower are stainless steel over nickel, with a price of $3,000 in 1928. The six relief panels represent the conquest of the air: Left Door (top to bottom): The contraptions of the French locksmith Besnier, who thought he could fly if he

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: propelled himself into the air while wearing paddles on his arms and legs; An homage to Otto Lilienthal, a German who died while conducting gliding experiments; A reference to a French philosopher who thought that since dew rose in the morning, if it could be placed in an expandable bag attached to a box and sail, it would naturally rise when placed in the sun. (It didn't.) Right Door (top to bottom): Icarus, the Greek mythological figure who tried to fly from Crete by attaching feathers to his arms with wax. He fell when he flew too close to the

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: sun, melting the wax; Bird flight to plane flight, or the rise of a phoenix; Kites used by the Wrights and others in early experiments The tower was designed by Rodgers and Poor, a New York City architectural firm; the design was officially selected on February 14, 1930. Prior to the memorial's construction, the War Department selected Captain William H. Kindervater of the Quartermaster Corps to prepare the site for construction and to manage the area landscaping. To secure the sandy foundation, Captain Kindervater selected bermuda grass to be planted on Kill Devil Hill and the surrounding area. He also

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: ordered a special fertilizer to be spread throughout the area to promote grass and shrubbery growth and decided to build a fence to prevent animal grazing. With a strong foundation in place, the Office of the Quartermaster selected Marine Captain John A. Gilman to preside over the construction project. Construction began in October 1931 and with a budget of $213,000, the memorial was completed in November 1932. In the end, 1,200 tons of granite, more than 2,000 tons of gravel, more than 800 tons of sand and almost 400 tons of cement were used to build the structure, along with

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: numerous other materials. It is constructed of granite mined at the North Carolina Granite Corporation Quarry Complex. November 14, 1932, was selected as the dedication day. Over 20,000 people were expected to attend the event, yet only about 1,000 showed up, which was held on a stormy and windy day. Orville Wright was the main guest of honor at the ceremony, and aviator Ruth Nichols was given the privilege of removing the American flag that covered the word "GENIUS" and the plaque on the monument. President Herbert Hoover was unable to attend the ceremony; however, a letter from the President

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: was read prior to the dedication. The ceremony also marked the rare occasion when one of the persons the memorial was dedicated to (Orville Wright) was still living. The hill offers great views of the surrounding area. In 2008, the memorial, long plagued by seepage problems, was refurbished and better water control measures were installed. Interior lighting was improved and a steel map of early aviation flights restored. Visitors occasionally may ascend the tower by reservation. On December 17, 2003, the Centennial of Flight was celebrated at the Park. The ceremony was hosted by flight enthusiast John Travolta, and included

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: appearances by President George W. Bush, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Chuck Yeager. The Centennial Pavilion was built for the celebration and housed exhibits showing the Outer Banks at the turn-of-the-century, the development of the 2003 replica, and NASA provided displays on aviation and flight. The Centennial Pavilion closed in 2014 and is slated to be demolished due to budget constraints. An interactive sculpture was donated by the State of North Carolina and dedicated during the celebration. The life sized sculpture, created by Stephen H. Smith, is a full-sized replica of 1903 flyer the moment the flight began and includes

title: "Wright Brothers National Memorial" content: the Wright Brothers along with members of the Kill Devils Hills Life-Saving Station who assisted in moving the aircraft, as well as John T. Daniels who took the now famous photograph of the first flight. Curiously the sculpture correctly has a criss-crossed chain driving the port propeller but incorrectly has this propeller being identical to, rather than a mirror image of, the starboard propeller. Wright Brothers National Memorial Wright Brothers National Memorial, located in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, commemorates the first successful, sustained, powered flights in a heavier-than-air machine. From 1900 to 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright came here

Answer: Wright brothers

Answer: Wright brothers

Answer: Orville and Wilbur Wright


Question: Who commissioned this building?

Instruction: Using the provided image, obtain documents that address the subsequent question:

title: "Kilkenny Castle" content: Public Works. The gardens and parkland adjoining the castle are open to the public. The Parade Tower is a conference venue. Awards and conferring ceremonies of the graduates of "Kilkenny Campus" of National University of Ireland, Maynooth have been held there since 2002. Kilkenny Castle has been an important site since Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, commonly known as "Strongbow" constructed the first castle, probably a wooden structure, in the 12th century. The Anglo-Normans had established a castle in 1173, possibly on the site of an earlier residence of the Mac Giolla Phádraig kings of Osraighe. Kilkenny formed

title: "Kilkenny Castle" content: part of the lordship of Leinster, which was granted to Strongbow. Strongbow’s daughter and heiress, Isabel married William Marshall in 1189. The Earl Marshall owned large estates in Ireland, England, Wales and France and managed them effectively. He appointed Geoffrey fitz Robert as seneschal of Leinster and so began a major phase of development in Kilkenny, including the construction of Kilkenny Castle and the agreement of rents and privileges with burgesses or citizens of the borough. The first stone castle on the site, was completed in 1213. This was a square-shaped castle with towers at each corner; three of these

title: "Kilkenny Castle" content: and extensive land and gardens to the front. It has become one of the most visited tourist sites in Ireland. Now a property in state care. Part of the National Art Gallery is on display in the castle. Richard de Clare (also known as Strongbow) and other Norman knights came to Kilkenny in 1172, the high ground beside the River Nore was as an ideal site on which to build a wooden tower. He built a wooden castle of the type known as motte-and-bailey. This strategic site was where the local Kings of Osraige had their chief residence before the

Answer: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

Answer: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

Answer: Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare

Answer: Strongbow

Answer: Richard de Clare

Answer: Arc-Fort


Question: What is the conservation status of this animal? (The status is assigned by the international union for conservation of nature. Choose one among Endangered,Least Concern,Critically Endangered,extinct species,extinct in the wild,Vulnerable,Near Threatened,Data Deficient)

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: Cheetah content: Cheetah The cheetah (; "Acinonyx jubatus") is a large cat of the subfamily Felinae that occurs in Southern, North and East Africa, and a few localities in Iran. The species is IUCN Red Listed as vulnerable, as it suffered a substantial decline in its historic range in the 20th century due to habitat loss, poaching, illegal pet trade, and conflict with humans. By 2016, the global cheetah population has been estimated at approximately 7,100 individuals in the wild. Several African countries have taken steps to improve cheetah conservation measures. It is the fastest land animal. The only extant member of

title: Cheetah content: is disputed by more recent measurements. The average speed of a cheetah while hunting is about . Cheetahs are induced ovulators, breeding throughout the year. Gestation is nearly three months long, resulting in a litter of typically three to five cubs (the number can vary from one to eight). Weaning occurs at six months; siblings tend to stay together for some time. Cheetah cubs face higher mortality than most other mammals, especially in the Serengeti region. Cheetahs inhabit a variety of habitatsdry forests, scrub forests, and savannahs. Because of its prowess at hunting, the cheetah was tamed and used to

title: Cheetah content: other carnivores; this may be due to vultures and spotted hyena adroitly capturing and consuming heavy carcasses within a short time. In Central Asia, the cheetah competed with grey wolf, and to a lesser extent also with striped hyena, leopard and caracal. The cheetah's thin and light body makes it well-suited to short, explosive bursts of speed, rapid acceleration, and an ability to execute extreme changes in direction while moving at high speed. These adaptations account for much of the cheetah's ability to catch fast-moving prey. The cheetah is the fastest land animal. It was called the "felid version of

title: Cheetah content: Zoo named Sarah made a world record by running in 5.95 seconds over a set run, during which she ran a recorded maximum speed of . A study of five wild cheetahs (three females, two males) during hunting reported a maximum speed of , with an average of . Speed can be increased by almost in a single stride. The average chase is and the maximum ranges from . Cheetahs breed throughout the year; they are induced ovulators. Females become sexually mature at 21 to 22 months of age. Females are polyoestrusthey have an oestrus ("heat") cycle every 12days (this

title: Cheetah content: Each cub weighs nearly at birth; the eyes, shut at birth, open in fourto 11 days. Newborn cubs can crawl and spit; they start walking by the age of two weeks. Their nape, shoulders and back are thickly covered with long bluish grey hair. This downy underlying fur, called a "mantle", gives them a Mohawk-type appearance; this fur is shed as the cheetah grows older. It has been suggested that this mane gives a cheetah cub the appearance of the honey badger, and could act as a camouflage in both animals. Cheetah cubs are highly vulnerable during the first few

title: Cheetah content: a few areas in Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. The cheetah has been classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN; it is listed under AppendixI of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and AppendixI of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). In 2014 the CITES Standing Committee recognised the cheetah as a "species of priority" in their strategies in northeastern Africa to counter wildlife trafficking. , the IUCN gives the total number of surviving individuals as nearly 6,700. Regional estimates have been given as: 1,960 in eastern Africa (); 4,190 in southern Africa (); and

title: Cheetah content: may be minor, given the low population densities and hence the reduced chance of infection. In 2016, it was estimated that there are just 7,100 cheetahs remaining in the wild, and simulation modelling suggested that they are at risk of extinction. The authors suggested a re-categorisation on the IUCN Red List for the species from vulnerable to endangered. The IUCN has recommended co-operation between countries across the cheetah's range to minimise the conflict between cheetahs and human beings. A 2016 study showed that ecotourism can have a significantly positive impact on the conservation of the cheetah. Although the requirement of

Answer: Vulnerable

Answer: vulnerable species

Answer: Vulnerable

Answer: VU