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title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Lamborghini Gallardo The Lamborghini Gallardo (; ) is a sports car built by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini from 2003 to 2013. It is Lamborghini's first best-selling model with 14,022 built throughout its production run. Named after a famous breed of fighting bull, the V10 powered Gallardo has been Lamborghini's sales leader and stable-mate to a succession of V12 flagship models—first to the Murciélago (4,099 built between 2001 and 2011), then to the current flagship, the Aventador. On 25 November 2013, the last Gallardo was rolled off the production line. The Gallardo was replaced by the Huracán in 2014. The

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: first generation Gallardo was powered with an even firing 90 degree V10 engine generating a maximum power output of . The Gallardo offers two choices of transmissions, a conventional (H-Box) six-speed manual transmission, and a more advanced six-speed electro-hydraulically controlled semi-automatic electrohydraulic manual transmission, which Lamborghini abbreviates to "E-gear". The "E-gear" allows the driver to make shifts much faster than they could with a manual transmission. The driver shifts up and down via paddles behind the steering wheel, but can also change to an automatic mode. The vehicle was designed by Luc Donckerwolke and was based on the 1995 Calà

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: prototype designed by Italdesign Giugiaro. For the 2006 model year (launched in late 2005) Lamborghini introduced many changes to the car to counter some criticisms garnered from the press and owners. These were based on the limited edition Gallardo SE. The exhaust system was changed to a more sporty one (including a flap to make it quieter during city driving), the suspension was revised, a new steering rack was fitted, the engine power was increased by 20 PS to a maximum of , and the biggest change was overall low gearing ratios, especially in 1st to 5th gear. These changes

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: gave the car much better performance than the original. The Lamborghini Concept S is a concept car based on the Gallardo, featuring a speedster (Barchetta) body designed by Luc Donckerwolke. It was built in 2005 and was first shown at that year's Geneva Motor Show. It was intended to be a modern interpretation of the single-seat roadsters of the past. Utilizing a 'saute-vent' (French for 'change wind') instead of a traditional windscreen, and dividing the interior into two distinct compartments by continuing the bodywork between the seats, which also serves as an air inlet feeding the mid-mounted 5.0 L V10

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: engine, giving the car a distinctly futuristic look along with increasing aerodynamic flow. The rear-view mirror is even electronically retractable to allow the driver to see behind, when necessary, or to retract it into the dashboard when not needed. Though considered more of a styling exercise than a working production vehicle, the final working show car only had to be modified slightly from the original computer-aided designs. Lamborghini was rumoured to be building 100 examples for customers, but decided to keep it as a styling exercise. Only 2 cars were ever produced: the high-window prototype sits in the Lamborghini museum

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: with no engine, while the running low-window prototype featured at Pebble Beach was up for auction on 10 December 2015 at RM Sotheby's Manhattan event "Driven by Disruption". It was expected to sell for $2.4 to 3 million, but failed to sell. The production spyder variant of the Gallardo was unveiled at the Los Angeles Auto Show in January 2006. It was considered by the company to be an entirely new model, with and a low-ratio six-speed manual transmission. The soft top is fully retractable. At the 2007 Geneva Auto Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Gallardo Superleggera. The name paid tribute

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: to the construction style of the first Lamborghini production model, the 350 GT, designed and built by Carrozzeria Touring and its emphasis on weight reduction. The Superleggera is lighter than the base Gallardo by due the use of carbon fibre panels for the rear diffuser, undertray, the rearview-mirror housings, the interior door panels, the central tunnel, engine cover; titanium wheel nuts and carbon fibre sports seats. The engine power was uprated by courtesy of an improved intake, exhaust and ECU for a total power output of . The 6-speed E-Gear transmission was standard on US spec models with the 6-speed

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: manual transmission offered as a no cost option. Production of the Superleggera amounted to 618 units worldwide. In December 2004, two Gallardos were donated to the Italian Polizia di Stato in honour of the force's 152nd anniversary, one was donated by Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. while a second one was donated by an independent organization. However, both of the cars were destroyed in the course of duty. When the Huracán, Gallardo's successor, was introduced, Lamborghini S.p.A produced personalised version for the Italian police force serving as the replacement of the destroyed cars. Two Gallardos have been "temporary" police cars for the

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Metropolitan Police in London, one in 2005 and one in 2006, for specific publicity events. The 2006 vehicle was seen at the start of the 2006 Gumball Rally. Both vehicles were lent by Lamborghini London and were fitted with yellow and blue battenburg markings, police logos and a small blue lightbar. The Gallardo SE is a limited edition of 250 units introduced in 2005. It is distinguished from the regular Gallardo externally by a black-roofed two-tone color scheme as well as specially designed "Callisto" wheels. It also featured a two-tone interior further distinguishing it from the base model. All piping

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: and stitching on the ultra-quality leather are executed in the same color as the bodywork of the car. The midsections of the seats are finished in color-coded upholstery and even the black floormats have a color-coded border. A rear-view camera was standard on the Gallardo SE, as was the multimedia and navigation system, sports suspension and an exclusive cover. The optional E-gear transmission came with a new function: 'thrust' mode. This feature automatically revs the car to 5,000 rpm then drops the clutch engaging all four wheels in a controlled burnout to ensure that the car performs maximum acceleration. The

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Gallardo Nera is a special edition (limited to 185 units) of the Gallardo and was introduced at the Paris Motor Show. The car was designed to showcase the customization options available to the customer in the Ad Personam program. It features special matte black body panels and was only available in a special shade of black: a combination of Nero Serapis and Nero Noctis. Brake calipers are painted a special silver and the taillights are smoked to match the darker paint scheme. The interior is stitched from high-contrast black and white leather in the Q-Citura (lozenge shaped) fashion. In 2007,

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: the Gallardo was entered in the FIA GT3 Championship, built by German motorsport specialists Reiter Engineering, who previously manufactured the Murciélago R-GT and the Diablo GTR Super Trophy racers. All the extra aerodynamic components were bolt-on parts, conforming with cost-effective regulations that meant the finished car had to closely resemble its road-going counterpart. Brembo racing brakes and OZ Racing wheels were also added. It was converted to rear wheel drive, other than when racing in the one-make Lamborghini Super Trofeo. The engine generated a maximum power output of at 7,800 rpm and of torque at 4,500 rpm. In 2007, the

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Gallardo was entered by Japan Lamborghini Owners Club (JLOC) to the GT300 class of the Japanese Super GT Championship, the car had to conform to rather different regulations. It could produce no more than and must be rear wheel drive. The power was limited by air restrictors placed in the engine bay. The gearbox is a sequential 6-Speed twin-clutch setup. The rules regarding aerodynamics are far looser than those in FIA GT, meaning the Super GT car has more advanced aero, including a much bigger rear wing. It took a while to be competitive, only being consistently at the top

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: during the 2009 season. Lamborghini recalled about 1,500 Gallardo Coupé and Spyder models, from model years 2004 to 2006, because of the possibility of power steering fluid leaking and the risk of fire. The cars were built from May 2003 through April 2008. Presented at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, the Gallardo LP 560-4 was a significant update of the Gallardo, powered by a new, uneven firing V10 engine that produces at 8,000 rpm and of torque at 6,500 rpm. Featuring "Iniezione Diretta Stratificata" direct fuel injection system to improve efficiency; fuel consumption and CO emissions have been reduced by

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: 18% despite the increase in performance. The car was redesigned, inspired by the Murciélago LP 640 and Reventón. The new engine, more powerful than in the previous car, comes with two transmission choices: a 6-speed manual or 6-speed E-gear, the latter of which was revised to offer a Corsa mode which makes 40% quicker shifts than before and decreases traction control restrictions, a Thrust Mode launch control system was also added. Accompanied with a weight reduction. All the improvements add up to a claimed performance of 0- in 3.7 seconds, 0- of 11.8 and a top speed of . The

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: MSRP base price was $198,000 in the US and £147,330 (including NavTrak vehicle tracking system and delivery package) in the UK. The first US car was sold in the 16th Annual Race to Erase MS charity auction for $198,000 to former True Religion Jeans co-founder/co-creator Kymberly Gold and music producer Victor Newman. The Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder was unveiled at the 2008 LA Auto Show. as the replacement for the previous Gallardo Spyder. It is the convertible model of the Gallardo LP 560-4 and as such possess all of its features like the new uneven firing V10 engine, improved

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: E-gear transmission and weight reduction. Performance has been improved to 0- in 3.8 seconds, 0- of 13.1 and a top speed of Japan models went on sale in July 2009. In March 2010, Lamborghini announced the release of the Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera, a lightweight and more powerful version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 in the same vein as the previous Superleggera. With carbon fibre used extensively inside and out to reduce weight to just making it the lightest road-going Lamborghini in the range. The odd firing 5.2L V10 on the LP 570-4 gets a power bump over the standard

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Gallardo to at 8,000 rpm and at 6,500 rpm of torque. Performance has been improved to 0- in 3.2 seconds, and a top speed. Taiwan models went on sale in June 2010, with delivery beginning in July 2010. Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera has a power to weight ratio of per horsepower. In November 2010, Lamborghini announced the LP 570-4 Spyder Performante, a convertible version of the LP 570-4 Superleggera. Employing the same odd firing 5.2L V10 and with a curb weight of , heavier than the coupé as usual with coupé based convertibles, the LP 570-4 Spyder Performante goes from

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: 0 to in 3.9 seconds, to in 12.0 seconds and has a top speed of . Taiwan models went on sale in April 2011, with delivery beginning in July 2011. Following the LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni and LP 550-2 Bicolore special editions, the LP 550-2 Coupé was offered by Lamborghini in the 2011 model year as the lowest priced model in the Gallardo line-up. The rear-wheel drive LP 550-2 Coupé is distinguished by unique black side skirts and "LP 550-2" badging, suspension tuning borrowed from the Valentino Balboni edition and came equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission with E-gear available

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: as a cost option. The LP 550–2 AD is based on the LP 550-2 Coupé with Ad Personam customization, which includes transparent engine cover, engine room LED lighting, diamond pattern leather interior upholstery, travel package. The Taiwan model of the LP 550-2 Coupé went on sale on 9 July 2010. In 2012, the LP 550-2 Spyder was introduced with the same specifications as the Coupé, as the lowest priced Spyder model. The vehicle was unveiled in Balboni Ginza Tower. Japan models went on sale on 8 December 2011. The Gallardo LP560-4 Polizia is a police car version of the Gallardo

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: LP560-4 coupé for the Italian State Police. It features a camera recording system featuring a camera beside the rear view mirror, GPS navigation, a gun holster, a police radio, a Paletta warning sign, a portable screen, a refrigerator and defibrillator in the front cargo compartment, blu Polizia body colour, a police beacon with blue LEDs at the vehicle's front, roof, side, and rear. In October 2008, a private ceremony was held at the Viminale Palace where Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. donated a Gallardo LP560-4 Polizia, to the head of the Italian State Police, Prefect Antonio Manganelli. The new Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Polizia was used as a replacement to its predecessor to fulfill roles with the Lazio Highway Police Department. Limited to 250 units, the Gallardo LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni was named after Lamborghini test driver Valentino Balboni and to his request, unlike the contemporary line-up, the Balboni is rear wheel drive, reducing the curb weight by to . The engine is rated at . Other features include re-calibrated optional E-gear transmission, redeveloped 45% limited slip differential, full leather black upholstery with white colour strips, Polar white centre console, a stripe down the centre of the car, and a badge below the

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: left side window bears the signature of Valentino Balboni and the production number of the car. On right hand drive cars, the badge is located at the bottom of the right hand drive rear window. A special one off Balboni was created by the Singapore distributor of Lamborghini (Eurosport) which had Superleggera seats and a full Reiter Engineering Super Trofeo Strada body derived directly from the Super Trofeo series cars. This one off Balboni was viewed as the predecessor to the Singapore Edition limited run LP550-2 (see below) which had a stripped out Superleggera interior, Superleggera side skirts, rear deck,

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: rear diffuser and front bumper (sans Superleggera rear wing) but which critically was a 2wd car which catered to the enthusiast driver. This special Balboni was exported from Singapore to Indonesia in 2015. Lamborghini claims the LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni can reach a top speed of and reach in 3.9 seconds. The Gallardo LP 560-4 Gold Edition(金色限量版) is a limited (10 units) version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 for the Chinese market, with gold body colour, black engine cover frame, LED headlamps, Cordelia glossy wheels, red brake calipers, black interior, red stitching and embroidery at steering wheel and head rest.

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: The vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 Shenzhen-HongKong-Macau International Auto Show, and was sold for 3.988 million yuan (USD $810,000). The Bicolore is a special edition of the Gallardo, available in both LP 560-4 and LP 550-2 trims. Released in 2010 it features a unique two-tone paint job. The car was available only in orange, yellow, grey, white or blue with a black roof with unique Skorplus alloy rims. Taiwan model of the LP 560-4 Bicolore went on sale on 10 March 2011. The LP550-2 Super Trofeo is a version of the LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni for the Hong Kong

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: market. It does not include the centre stripe of the original car. It includes an e-Gear transmission, Super Trofeo body kit (tail wing, front and tail diffuser, side skirts), front and side airbags, TFT screen with USB/iPod connection, GPS with Bluetooth, front axle height control. The LP 570-4 Superleggera Nero Nemesis (消光黑色特別版) is a version of the LP 570-4 Superleggera for the Taiwan market, with matte black body colour, matte black interior upholstery, silver interior stitching, 4-point seat belt. The vehicle was available for sale from 2010 to 2013. The LP 570-4 Superleggera Bianco Canopus Limited Edition (中華民國建國百年特仕車) is a

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: version of the LP 570-4 Superleggera for the Taiwan market, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Republic of China. It includes matte white body colour, e-gear transmission, silver interior stitching, and 4-point seat belts. The vehicle went on sale during the 100th year of the Republic of China, with pre-order which began in February 2011. The LP 550-2 Tricolore is a version of the Gallardo LP 550-2 for the Europe, Middle East, and Asian Pacific markets, commemorating the 150th anniversary of Italian unification. It includes green, white, and red stripes (representing the flag of Italy) from cargo bay to engine

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: cover; white body colour, carbon fibre rear view mirror and side skirts taken from the Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera, matte black front air intake grille from the Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera, black interior, green, white, red stripes at left seat aligned to the exterior tricolor stripes; 'Tricolore' embroidering at driver seat, e-gear panel and steering wheel in carbon fibre, Alcantara upholstery at centre console and door trim, Nero Perseus black leather upholstery, 'Tricolore' plaque at door sill, seat side and inner window frame. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Turin Auto Show. Taiwan models of the LP 550-2 Tricolore

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: went on sale on 2 June 2011. Presented at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, the Super Trofeo Stradale was a limited (150 units) version of the LP570-4 Superleggera. Boasting a dry weight of , it is lighter than a comparably equipped LP570-4 Superleggera. Essentially a road version of the Super Trofeo race car, equipped with the same adjustable rear spoiler that offers an aerodynamic load 3 times that of the standard Gallardo LP 560-4 for increased dynamic stability during tight, high-speed driving. Another element taken directly from the racing version was the removable engine hood with quick-release system. The vehicle

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: includes Rosso Mars (red) body colour, 6-speed E-gear transmission, carbon fibre and Alcantara interior upholstery with red stitching, double-A-arm suspension, 19-inch wheels, titanium bearing and bolts, Pirelli P Zero Corsa tires. Optional equipment includes carbon-ceramic brake discs, a tubular interior roll cage, 4-point safety belts and fire extinguisher, satellite navigation, with Bluetooth connection for mobile phones, an anti-theft system, grey or white brake calipers and a lifting system that raises the front axle. The Taiwan model was sold in limited quantities (3 units), with both road and track versions. The road version includes exclusive carbon fibre tail wing and engine

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: cover, Alcantara interior upholstery and Alcantara racing seats. The track version includes a racing type roll cage, red 4-point seat belts, travel package and a chrome and carbon fibre interior package. The car won the Targa Tasmania in 2010. The Singapore Limited Edition was a limited (10 units) version of the Gallardo LP 550-2 in Singapore, celebrating 10 years of Lamborghini's presence in Singapore. Available in black and white primary body color with red side stripes accented by a badge featuring the Merlion, it includes parts taken from the LP570-4 Superleggera such as the front spoiler, a rear wing, a

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: wheel set and interior trim. The vehicle went on sale with SGD$20000 from the sale of each car donated to The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund. Delivery took place at the Mandarin Oriental hotel in Singapore. It was a version of the Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 for Panama's National Police, seized from David Murcia Guzman of DMG Group Holding, S.A. The LP 550-2 Hong Kong Edition commemorates the 20th anniversary of Lamborghini cars being sold in Hong Kong. Modifications on the model include custom paint with a coat of Bianco Monocerus, a white color, matte gold stripes that run the

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: length of the hood, over the roof, and down the rear. Matte black accents round out the paint work with a matte black rear bumper and spoiler, side skirts, and spoiler, with HK20 graphics on the front spoiler, rear fascia and side sills. These extend to the interior on the headrests and center console. Only 8 will be produced with pricing at $3,680,000 each. The Gallardo Malaysia Limited Edition is a limited edition (20 units) version of the Gallardo LP 550-2 for the Malaysian market. Available in Blanco Monocerus (solid white), Verde Ithaca (pearl green) and Arancio Borealis (pearl orange)

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: body color, it includes the body kit from the LP 570-4 Superleggera (front bumper, carbon side skirts, 4 titanium exhaust tips and a carbon fibre rear diffuser), a different interior with Alcantara and leather with bespoke stitching and a 6-speed E-gear transmission. The vehicle was unveiled at Eminent Century Sdn Bhd, the official Malaysian importer of Lamborghini cars, and JH Italia Sdn Bhd, the sole dealer, in Kuala Lumpur. The vehicle went on sale for RM868,000 before duties, road tax and insurance (RM 1,680,000 excluding insurance). To mark its 50th anniversary, Lamborghini wanted to provide something special for the Indian

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: market where they had found a good business potential, hence a limited edition of six cars was launched based off the best selling variant of the Gallardo, the LP 550-2. To suit the Indian road conditions, the car features a lift suspension. With the push of a button, the ground clearance increases by taking it to . These 6 cars were then split into 3 groups; based on the colours. 2 cars were produced in Arancio Borealis (pearl orange), 2 in Bianco Isis (pearl white) and 2 in Verde Ithaca (pearl green), representing the colours of the Indian Flag. All

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: cars featured the Indian flag tricolour stripes running the entire length of the car and engine intake manifold cover in the same colour. The Gallardo LP550-2 Indonesia Limited Edition is based on the LP550-2 model but features a Superleggera style body and a bright green Verde Ithaca body colour. It was limited to the Indonesian Market only and available in January 2013. The 2013 Gallardo LP550-2 Indonesia Limited Edition received several items from the option list as standard equipment, the most eye catching naturally being the Superleggera bumpers and side skirts, a glass engine cover with the optional LED lights

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: installed which gave an even better view of the V10 engine at night and available with E-Gear transmission. The wheels are the regular dual five spoke Apollo wheels seen on the Gallardo LP560-4 model, but finished in glossy black for the Indonesian edition. The LP 560-4 Noctis is a version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 with two-tone colour schemes, for Hong Kong and Chinese markets. Available in dark grey/silver and dark blue/silver body colour, 6-speed E-gear transmission, 19-inch alloy wheels, black leather and grey Alcantara upholstery, adjustable suspension. The vehicle was unveiled at the Auto Guangzhou 2011, and later the

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: 2012 Auto Qingdao. The Chinese version was sold for 3,980,000 yuan. The Gallardo LP 560-4 Bianco Rosso (ガヤルド LP560-4 ビアンコ・ロッソ) is a limited (10 units) version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 coupé for the Japanese market, commemorating 45 years of importing Lamborghini to Japan and 10 years of Lamborghini Japan, inspired by Japan's flag. Designed by Lamborghini Design Centre, it includes red side mirror cover, red engine cover frame, red brake caliper, black interior, red leather upholstery at side side holder, door handle, hand brake; rear view camera, LED headlight package, 19-inch high gloss black Cordelia wheels, car navigation system,

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: lifting system. The vehicle went on sale on 18 May 2012 for 25.41 million yen ($320,100 US). Marrone Apus (matte brown), Giallo Horus (matte gold), Nero Nemesis (matte black), Bianco Canopus (matte white) body colours were introduced to the Taiwan market on 10 August 2010. In May 2009 Lamborghini introduced what it calls the 'Fastest one-make series in the world', featuring the Gallardo LP 560-4 Super Trofeo, a race-prepared version of the newer Gallardo LP560-4. The series supported European race series such as Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), FIA GT Series and the World Touring Car Championship (WTCC), featuring 18 races

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: overall and having a 30-car grid consisting of privateer teams as well as Lamborghini dealer teams and one factory team featuring guest drivers. The Super Trofeo race car was based on the Gallardo LP 560-4 sports car, but with a reworked chassis, dramatic body work/aerodynamics and a direct injection odd firing V10 engine rated at with higher compression ratio of 12.5:1, variable valve timing all prepared by the Reiter Engineering group. The car has dry weight of . E-gear transmission was standard. The race car and parts package cost €200,000 (US$284,300) plus tax, available via Lamborghini dealerships, with support and

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: parts sales trackside. The final motorsport iteration of the Gallardo was created externally by Lamborghini's long time motorsport partner Reiter Engineering. Introduced in 2014 the Reiter Extenso, later known as the Gallardo R-EX, extended the racing life of the Gallardo beyond the introduction of its replacement the Lamborghini Huracán GT3. West Racing campaigned an LP560 GT in the GT class of the American Le Mans Series for certain races of the 2011 season. However, as of July 2011, the team announced that they were developing a new car and by implication would no longer race the LP560. DP7 Racing has

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: currently entered two Gallardos in the Speed World Challenge GT Series, driven by Dan Pastorini and Chip Herr. In a test drive of the LP 550-2 Valentino Balboni, the test driver bearing the name of the car said he was against E-gear because it takes some amount of vehicle control away from the driver, and all-wheel drive Lamborghinis from the beginning, and the company was divided over AWD cars. In that review, an LP 550-2 with E-Gear was tested. As part of the Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera launch in Taiwan, Jean-Michel Lorain of the La Côte Saint Jacques restaurant was invited

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: by Taiwan Lamborghini dealer Gramus International Co., Ltd. and Taiwan American Express company to cook French meals at The Landis Taipei Paris 1930 between 1 December 2010 and 4 December 2010, and at the Le Moût restaurant between 6 December 2010 and 9 December 2010, with a Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera Nero Nemesis unveiled at the 1st floor lounge of The Landis Taipei hotel. In addition, for Lamborghini buyers using an American Express card until 31 December 2010, all Lamborghini vehicles got an order price of 2 million NTD, and Lamborghini LP 570-4 Superleggera Nero Nemesis buyers using an American Express

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Centurion card can purchase the vehicle for 17,880,000 NTD. At the end of its production run, Lamborghini produced special editions of the Gallardo featuring parts from its Gallardo Super Trofeo race cars. These editions were based off on all the basic variants of the Gallardo and the cars receiving such modifications were given the Edizione Technica designation in addition to their names. Changes to the Gallardo LP 560-4 and the LP 550-2 includes revised front fascias with triangular and trapezoidal forms with diagonal elements in body color and black, larger air intakes ahead of the front wheels, new 19-inch "Apollo

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: polished" alloy wheels in matte black with spokes in polished silver, redesigned rear end with a wider surface area, optional Style Package (high-gloss black paintwork on the underside of the front spoiler, front and rear grilles and the transverse element of the rear trim). The LP 570-4 Edizione Tecnica was based on the LP 570-4 Superleggera and the LP 570-4 Spyder Performante, with a fixed rear wing, carbon-ceramic brakes, roof arch and front air intakes painted in contrasting color schemes (Nero Nemesis (matt black) body with Arancio Argos (orange) pillars and front air intakes, Bianco Canopus (matt white) body with

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Arancio Argos pillars and front air intakes, and Arancio Argos body with Nero Nemesis pillars and front air intakes). The vehicles were unveiled at the 2012 Paris Motor Show, followed by the 2013 Shanghai Motor Show (in which a Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder Edizione Technica in Grigio Telesto paint scheme was unveieled). The vehicles were available at Lamborghini dealerships from November 2012. Early models include the LP 550-2 (Coupé/Spyder), LP 560-4 (Coupé/Spyder), LP 570-4 (Superleggera/Spyder Performante). The 2013 LP 570-4 Super Trofeo is a race car version of the Gallardo LP 570-4 for the Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo series. It

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: features adjustable aerodynamic devices, a ten-position rear wing and improved front brake cooling over the 2012 Gallardo via remodeled brake ducts. The vehicle was unveiled at the final round of the 2012 Lamborghini Blancpain Super Trofeo European series in Los Arcos, Navarra. The Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo Asia (亞洲限量版) is a limited (3 units, 1 in Taiwan, 1 in Thailand and no one knows about the other one) version of the LP 570-4 Super Trofeo 2013 for the Asian market. It includes a matte black carbon fibre tail wing, matt black carbon fibre engine cover, yellow body colour, high

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: gloss carbon fibre door pedal, rear diffuser, rear view mirror cover; red ceramic carbon fibre brake caliper, Alcantara interior upholstery, 'Super Trofeo Asia' plaque at red rear window frame interior border with serial number, red stitching, carbon fibre upholstery at door trim, racing seats, centre console. The Gallardo LP 560-2 50° Anniversario is a version of the Gallardo LP 550-2 Coupé with increased engine power to , clear carbon fiber rear wing from the original Gallardo Superleggera, transparent engine cover, dark grey Scorpius wheels and a Bianco Opalis (white metallic) body colour. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 Shanghai

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: Motor Show, followed by The 2013 Quail Motorsport Gathering. Unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, the Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse is a limited production (50 units, 15 in USA, 3 in Canada) street-legal version of the Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo 2013 race car. It features a removable engine cover with quick-release system, different front and rear bumpers, rear wing and the engine cover made from carbon composite material, carbon-ceramic brake system, e-gear six-speed transmission with, tricolore decals on the sides. It was available in 4 body colours (Giallo Midas (yellow), Bianco Monocerus (white), Grigio Thalasso

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: (grey) and Rosso Mars (red)), matte black rear wing with contrasts in body colour, hood, front air intakes, rear diffuser and 19-inch forged wheels in high-gloss black; choice of three brake calliper colours (red, black, yellow), carbon fibre (at door panels, racing seats and centre console cover, handbrake frame, the middle of the centre console, the lower rim of the steering wheel, the trim around the main and secondary instrument panels, the door handles, the handle for opening the glove box) and Alcantara (at underside of the dashboard, central panel of the seat cushion and the backrest) interior upholstery, bucket

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: seats (optional comfort seats). The rear wing was reported to produce three times more downforce than the standard Gallardo's electronically adjusted spoiler. The US model was offered in Giallo Midas colour only. Deliveries of the vehicle began in September 2013. The Gallardo LP 560-4 Macau GP is a limited (3 units) version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 Coupé for the Taiwan market, commemorating Hanss Lin (#38) of the Taiwan-based Gama Racing Team taking 2nd place in the Macau race of the 2013 Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia series. Changes include the Gallardo Super Trofeo parts (front/rear bumpers, adjustable rear wing and

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: diffuser, front skirt, detachable carbon fibre engine cover), orange body colour, hexagon '63' decal and tricolore stripes unnung throughout the whole vehicle. The vehicle was unveiled at the Lamborghini Taipei event between 26 December 2013 and 30 December 2013, and went on sale for $16 million NTD. The Gallardo Super Trofeo was used in the 2012 Race of Champions. The last Lamborghini vehicle with a manual transmission was reported to be a Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-2 50° Anniversario by "Popular Mechanics". On 25 November 2013, the last Lamborghini Gallardo, a LP 570-4 Spyder Performante with Rosso Mars (red) body colour,

title: "Lamborghini Gallardo" content: was built at the Sant'Agata Bolognese factory, to be received by a private collector in the upcoming weeks. A total of 14,022 units of the Lamborghini Gallardo had been built during its 10-year product cycle. Lamborghini Gallardo The Lamborghini Gallardo (; ) is a sports car built by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini from 2003 to 2013. It is Lamborghini's first best-selling model with 14,022 built throughout its production run. Named after a famous breed of fighting bull, the V10 powered Gallardo has been Lamborghini's sales leader and stable-mate to a succession of V12 flagship models—first to the Murciélago (4,099

Answer: Lamborghini

Answer: Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.

Answer: Lamborghini

Answer: Lamborghini S.p.A.


Question: What is this building named after?

Instruction: Using the given image, access documents that provide insights into the following question:

title: "BMW Welt" content: BMW Welt BMW Welt (English: BMW World) is a multi-use exhibition center located in Munich, Germany used for meetings and promotional events, and where buyers take delivery of BMW vehicles. It situated in the Milbertshofen-Am Hart district, next to the BMW Headquarters (BMW HQ) and the Olympiapark. BMW Welt operations are coordinated with the other local BMW facilities, the BMW Museum and BMW Headquarters. It has a showroom with the current model lineup of BMW cars and motorcycles, and the other two BMW Group brands, Mini and Rolls-Royce. Customers picking up special ordered cars are given a dramatic "staged experience"

title: "BMW Welt" content: in which they await their new car in an enormous glass-walled hall, and their cars are lifted up from lower levels on round elevator platforms. BMW Welt also has shops selling BMW-branded promotional merchandise and accessories, and a restaurant. In 2001 an international architectural design competition was sponsored by BMW AG. Twenty-seven offices participated in the competition four of which were awarded prizes. The jury awarded two offices Sauerbruch Hutton and COOP HIMMELB(L)AU first prize and made the recommendation for the competitors to rework their design submissions in a third design phase in order for BMW to determine which office

title: "BMW Welt" content: would be awarded the contract. The contract was awarded to the Vienna-based architects COOP HIMMELB(L)AU and the facility was constructed from August 2003 through summer 2007 at a cost of US$200 million. Originally conceived to be open and ready for World Cup 2006, it eventually opened on October 17, 2007, and deliveries commenced on October 23, 2007. The first customer to take European delivery of a new BMW at the Welt was Jonathan Spira. There were 2,200,000 visitors during the first 12 months of operation. The number of visitors increased to 2,930,000 in 2013, of which 60% came from Germany.

title: "BMW Welt" content: Designed with an 800 kW solar plant on its roof, "the building does not have the boredom of a hall, it is not only a temple, but also a market place and a communication center and meeting place for knowledge transfer", said architect Prix at the opening ceremony. BMW Welt BMW Welt (English: BMW World) is a multi-use exhibition center located in Munich, Germany used for meetings and promotional events, and where buyers take delivery of BMW vehicles. It situated in the Milbertshofen-Am Hart district, next to the BMW Headquarters (BMW HQ) and the Olympiapark. BMW Welt operations are coordinated

Answer: BMW

Answer: Bayerische Motorenwerke

Answer: B.M.W.

Answer: BMW AG

Answer: Bavarian Motor Works

Answer: Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

Answer: BMW

Answer: Bayrische Motoren Werke


Question: What is the name of the vessel involved in this event?

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title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: Kon-Tiki expedition The "Kon-Tiki" expedition was a 1947 journey by raft across the Pacific Ocean from South America to the Polynesian islands, led by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl. The raft was named "Kon-Tiki" after the Inca sun god, Viracocha, for whom "Kon-Tiki" was said to be an old name. "" is also the name of Heyerdahl's book; the Academy Award-winning documentary film chronicling his adventures; and the 2012 dramatized feature film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Heyerdahl believed that people from South America could have settled Polynesia in pre-Columbian times. His aim in

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: mounting the "Kon-Tiki" expedition was to show, by using only the materials and technologies available to those people at the time, that there were no technical reasons to prevent them from having done so. Although the expedition carried some modern equipment, such as a radio, watches, charts, sextant, and metal knives, Heyerdahl argued they were incidental to the purpose of proving that the raft itself could make the journey. The "Kon-Tiki" expedition was funded by private loans, along with donations of equipment from the United States Army. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where, with the help of

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: dockyard facilities provided by the Peruvian authorities, they constructed the raft out of balsa logs and other native materials in an indigenous style as recorded in illustrations by Spanish conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into a reef at Raroia in the Tuamotus on August 7, 1947. The crew made successful landfall and all returned safely. Thor Heyerdahl's book about his experience became a bestseller. It was published in Norwegian in 1948 as "The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: Raft Across the South Seas", later reprinted as "Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft". It appeared with great success in English in 1950, also in many other languages. A documentary motion picture about the expedition, also called "Kon-Tiki", was produced from a write-up and expansion of the crew's filmstrip notes and won an Academy Award in 1951. It was directed by Thor Heyerdahl and edited by Olle Nordemar. The voyage was also chronicled in the documentary TV-series "The Kon-Tiki Man: The Life and Adventures of Thor Heyerdahl", directed by Bengt Jonson. The original "Kon-Tiki" raft is now on display

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: in the Kon-Tiki Museum at Bygdøy in Oslo. "Kon-Tiki" had a six-man crew, all of whom were Norwegian except for Bengt Danielsson, a Swede. The expedition also carried a pet parrot named Lorita. The main body of the float was composed of nine balsa tree trunks up to long, in diameter, lashed together with hemp ropes. Cross-pieces of balsa logs long and in diameter were lashed across the logs at intervals to give lateral support. Pine splashboards clad the bow, and lengths of pine thick and wide were wedged between the balsa logs and used as centreboards. The main mast

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: was made of lengths of mangrove wood lashed together to form an A-frame high. Behind the main-mast was a cabin of plaited bamboo long and wide was built about high, and roofed with banana leaf thatch. At the stern was a long steering oar of mangrove wood, with a blade of fir. The main sail was on a yard of bamboo stems lashed together. Photographs also show a top-sail above the main sail, and also a mizzen-sail, mounted at the stern. The raft was partially decked in split bamboo. The main spars were a laminate of wood and reeds and

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: Heyerdahl tested more than twenty different composites before settling on one that proved an effective compromise between bulk and torsional rigidity. No metal was used in the construction. "Kon-Tiki" carried of drinking water in 56 water cans, as well as a number of sealed bamboo rods. The purpose stated by Heyerdahl for carrying modern and ancient containers was to test the effectiveness of ancient water storage. For food "Kon-Tiki" carried 200 coconuts, sweet potatoes, bottle gourds and other assorted fruit and roots. The U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps provided field rations, tinned food and survival equipment. In return, the "Kon-Tiki" explorers

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: reported on the quality and utility of the provisions. They also caught plentiful numbers of fish, particularly flying fish, "dolphin fish", yellowfin tuna, bonito and shark. The expedition carried an amateur radio station with the call sign of LI2B operated by former World War II Norwegian resistance radio operators Knut Haugland and Torstein Raaby. Haugland and Raaby maintained regular communication with a number of American, Canadian, and South American stations that relayed "Kon Tiki's" status to the Norwegian Embassy in Washington, D.C. On August 5, Haugland made contact with a station in Oslo, Norway, away. "Kon Tiki's" transmitters were powered

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: by batteries and a hand-cranked generator and operated on the 40, 20, 10, and 6-meter bands. Each unit was water resistant, used 2E30 vacuum tubes, and provided approximately 6 watts of RF output; the equivalent of a small flashlight. Two British 3-16 MHz Mark II transmitters were also carried on board, as was a VHF transmitter for communicating with aircraft and a hand-cranked Survival radio of the Gibson Girl type for 500 and 8280 kHz. The radio receiver used throughout the voyage, a National Radio Company NC-173, once required a thorough drying out after being soaked when landing in Raratonga.

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: The crew once used a hand-cranked emergency transmitter to send out an "all well, all well" message "just in time to head off a massive rescue attempt". The call sign LI2B was used by Heyerdahl again in 1969–70, when he built a papyrus reed raft and sailed from Morocco to Barbados in an attempt to show a possible link between the civilization of ancient Egypt and the New World. "Kon-Tiki" left Callao, Peru, on the afternoon of April 28, 1947. To avoid coastal traffic it was initially towed out by the Fleet Tug "Guardian Rios" of the Peruvian Navy, then

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: sailed roughly west carried along on the Humboldt Current. The crew's first sight of land was the atoll of Puka-Puka on July 30. On August 4, the 97th day after departure, "Kon-Tiki" reached the Angatau atoll. The crew made brief contact with the inhabitants of Angatau Island, but were unable to land safely. Calculations made by Heyerdahl before the trip had indicated that 97 days was the minimum amount of time required to reach the Tuamotu islands, so the encounter with Angatau showed that they had made good time. On August 7, the voyage came to an end when the

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: raft struck a reef and was eventually beached on an uninhabited islet off Raroia atoll in the Tuamotu group. The team had travelled a distance of around in 101 days, at an average speed of . After spending a number of days alone on the tiny islet, the crew was greeted by men from a village on a nearby island who arrived in canoes, having seen washed-up flotsam from the raft. The crew were taken back to the native village, where they were feted with traditional dances and other festivities. Finally the crew were taken off Raroia to Tahiti by

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: the French schooner "Tamara", with the salvaged "Kon-Tiki" in tow. Heyerdahl believed that the original inhabitants of Easter Island were migrants from Peru. He argued that the monumental statues known as moai resembled sculptures more typical of pre-Columbian Peru than any Polynesian designs. He believed that the Easter Island myth of a power struggle between two peoples called the Hanau epe and Hanau momoko was a memory of conflicts between the original inhabitants of the island and a later wave of Native Americans from the Northwest coast, eventually leading to the annihilation of the Hanau epe and the destruction of

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: the island's culture and once-prosperous economy. Most historians consider that the Polynesians from the west were the original inhabitants and that the story of the Hanau epe is either pure myth, or a memory of internal tribal or class conflicts. In 2011 Professor Erik Thorsby of the University of Oslo presented DNA evidence to the Royal Society which whilst agreeing with the west origin also identified a distinctive but smaller genetic contribution from South America. This result was questioned in 2012 because of the possibility of contamination by South Americans after European contact with the islands. In 2014 further work

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: by a team including Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas (from the Natural History Museum of Denmark) analysed the genomes of 27 native Rapa Nui people and found that their DNA was on average 76 percent Polynesian, 8 percent Native American and 16 percent European. Analysis showed that "although the European lineage could be explained by contact with white Europeans after the island was 'discovered' in 1722 by Dutch sailors, the South American component was much older, dating to between about 1280 and 1495, soon after the island was first colonised by Polynesians in around 1200." In 1954 William Willis sailed alone on a

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: raft "Seven Little Sisters" from Peru to American Samoa, successfully completing the journey. He sailed , which was farther than "Kon-Tiki". In a second great voyage ten years later, he rafted from South America to Australia with a metal raft "Age Unlimited". In 1955, the Czech explorer and adventurer Eduard Ingris attempted to recreate the "Kon-Tiki" expedition on a balsa raft called "Kantuta". His first expedition, "Kantuta I", took place in 1955–1956 and led to failure. In 1959 Ingris built a new balsa raft, "Kantuta II", and tried to repeat the previous expedition. The second expedition was a success. Ingris

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: was able to cross the Pacific Ocean on the balsa raft from Peru to Polynesia. A French seafarer, Éric de Bisschop, committed himself in a project he had had for some years: he built a Polynesian raft in order to cross the eastern Pacific Ocean from Tahiti to Chile (contrary to Thor Heyerdahl's crossing); the "Tahiti-Nui" left Papeete with a crew of five on November 8, 1956. When near the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile) in May 1957, the raft was in a very poor state and they asked for a towing, but it was damaged during the operation and had

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: to be abandoned, but they could keep all the equipment aboard. A second "Tahiti-Nui" was built in Constitución, Chile, leaving on April 13, 1958, towards Callao, then towards the Marquesas. It missed its target and after 4 months, the raft began to sink. The crew built a new smaller raft, the "Tahiti Nui III", in the ocean out of the more buoyant parts of the "Tahiti Nui II". They were swept towards Cook Islands where on August 30, the raft went aground and was wrecked at Rakahanga atoll. Éric de Bisschop died in this accident. A Peruvian expedition led by

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: Carlos Caravedo crossed the Pacific Ocean in 1965 in 115 days in a raft named "Tangaroa", of which 18 days were used by the crew to cross Tuamotus, the Tuamotu Archipielago, making "Tangaroa" the only raft that has managed to cross that dangerous archipelago of French Polynesia by its own means. On November 18, 1965, the "Tangaroa" ended its journey on the Fakarava island. Fakarava is where the "Tangaroa" is currently preserved. The 1973 Las Balsas expedition was the first (and so far only) multiple-raft crossing of the Pacific Ocean in recent history. It is the longest-known raft voyage in

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: history. The expedition was led by Spaniard Vital Alsar, who, in 1970, led the La Balsa expedition, only on that occasion with one raft and three companions. The crossing was successful and, at the time, the longest raft voyage in history, until eclipsed in 1973 by Las Balsas. The purpose of the 1973 expedition was three-fold: (1) to prove that the success of 1970 was no accident, (2) to test different currents in the sea, which Alsar maintained ancient mariners knew as modern humans know road maps, and (3) to show that the original expeditions, directed perhaps toward trade or

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: colonisation, may have consisted of small fleets of balsa rafts. In 2006, the Tangaroa Expedition recreated the "Kon-Tiki" voyage using a newly built raft, the "Tangaroa", named after the Māori sea-god Tangaroa. Tangaroa's six-man crew was led by Norwegian Torgeir Higraff and included Olav Heyerdahl, grandson of Thor Heyerdahl, Bjarne Krekvik (captain), Øyvin Lauten (executive officer), Swedish Anders Berg (photographer) and Peruvian Roberto Sala. Tangaroa was launched on the same day that Kon-Tiki had been—April 28—and it reached its destination on July 7, which was 30 days faster than Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki which had taken 101 days for the voyage. Tangaroa's

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: speed was credited to the proper use of guaras (centerboards). On January 30, 2011, "An-Tiki", a raft modeled after "Kon-Tiki", began a , 70-day journey across the Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands to the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas. The expedition was piloted by four men, aged from 56 to 84 years, led by Anthony Smith. The trip was designed to commemorate the journey in an open boat of survivors from the British steamship "Anglo-Saxon", sunk by the German cruiser "Widder" in 1940. The raft ended its voyage in the Caribbean island of St Maarten, completing its trip

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: to Eleuthera in the following year with Smith and a new crew. On 7 November 2015, two teams with two balsa rafts "Rahiti Tane" and "Tupac Yupanqui" left Lima, Peru for Easter Island. Expedition "Kon-Tiki2" got its name because it had 2 crews from many nations: Norway, Russia, UK, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, and Peru. It sought to double down on Heyerdahl's voyage by sailing two rafts from South America to Polynesia and then back. Expedition leader was Torgeir Higraff from Tangaroa Expedition (2006). Øyvin Lauten and Kari Skår Dahl were captains on the first leg, while Signe Meling and

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: Ola Borgfjord were captains on the second leg. The raft reached Easter Island, but did not complete the return. The two rafts were made of 11 balsa logs and 10 crossbeams held together by 2000 meters of natural fiber ropes. Tens of thousands of waves, up to six meters tall, hit the rafts in an El Niño year. This stress for 16 weeks weakened the ropes, but the crew could not replace all of them. On March 3, 2016, all crew members were taken on board the Hokuetsu Ushaka freight ship after 115 days of sailing and 4½ months at

title: "Kon-Tiki expedition" content: sea. A book documenting the voyage and raft was released in 1948 by Thor Heyerdahl, called "". A film documentary about the voyage and raft was released in 1950, called "Kon-Tiki". It won the 1951 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. "Kon-Tiki" is a 2012 Norwegian historical dramatized feature film about the 1947 "Kon-Tiki" expedition. It stars Pål Sverre Valheim Hagen as Thor Heyerdahl and is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg. It was the highest-grossing film of 2012 in Norway and the country's most expensive production to date. Kon-Tiki expedition The "Kon-Tiki" expedition was a 1947 journey by raft

Answer: Kon-Tiki

Answer: Kon-Tiki


Question: What is the location of this mountain?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

title: Denali content: Denali Denali () (also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of and a topographic isolation of , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak on Earth, after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska, Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve. The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as "Denali" for centuries.

title: Denali content: in the late 1880s and early 1890s after Frank Densmore, an Alaskan prospector who was the first European to reach the base of the mountain. In 1896, a gold prospector named it "McKinley" as political support for then-presidential candidate William McKinley, who became president the following year. The United States formally recognized the name Mount McKinley after President Wilson signed the Mount McKinley National Park Act of February 26, 1917. In 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson declared the north and south peaks of the mountain the "Churchill Peaks", in honor of British statesman Winston Churchill. The Alaska Board of Geographic Names

Answer: Denali National Park and Preserve

Answer: Denali National Park and Preserve

Answer: Denali National Preserve

Answer: Mount McKinley National Park


Question: Who commissioned this facility?

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title: "Nasir-ol-molk Mosque" content: Nasir-ol-molk Mosque The Nasir al-Mulk Mosque ( "Masjed-i Nasir al-Mulk"), also known as the Pink Mosque (مسجد صورتی "Masjed-i Surati"), is a traditional mosque in Shiraz, Iran. It is located in Gawd-i Arabān quarter, near Shāh Chérāgh Mosque. It was built under Qajar rule of Iran. The mosque includes extensive coloured glass in its facade, and displays other traditional elements such as the "Panj Kāse" ("five concaved") design. It is named in popular culture as the 'Pink Mosque', due to the usage of considerable pink colour tiles for its interior design. The mosque was built during the Qajar dynasty, and

title: "Nasir-ol-molk Mosque" content: is still in use under protection by the Endowment Foundation of Nasir ol Molk. Construction began in 1876 by the order of Mirzā Hasan Ali (Nasir ol Molk), a Qajar ruler. and was completed in 1888, The designers were Mohammad Hasan-e-Memār, an Iranian architect, and Mohammad Rezā Kāshi-Sāz-e-Širāzi. Restoration, protection, and maintenance of this monument is being continued by the "Endowment Foundation of Nasir ol Molk". The colourful windows and doors are handcrafted by carpenter master Hajj Mirza Ayat. Nasir-ol-molk Mosque The Nasir al-Mulk Mosque ( "Masjed-i Nasir al-Mulk"), also known as the Pink Mosque (مسجد صورتی "Masjed-i Surati"), is

Answer: Hassan Ali Nasir al-Molk

Answer: Hassan Ali Nasir al-Molk

Answer: Mirza Hassan Ali Nasir-ol-Mulk

Answer: Mirza Hassan Ali

Answer: Nasir-ol-Molk


Question: Which road, railway or canal does this bridge carry?

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title: "Vasco da Gama Bridge" content: Vasco da Gama Bridge The Vasco da Gama Bridge (; ) is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus River in Parque das Nações in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. It is the second longest bridge in Europe after the Crimean Bridge with a total length of , including for the main bridge and in viaducts. The Bridge is served by of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the

title: "Vasco da Gama Bridge" content: capital city. Construction began on February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India. The bridge carries six road lanes, with a speed limit of , the same as that on motorways, except on one section which is limited to . On windy, rainy, and foggy days, the speed limit is reduced to . The number of road lanes will be enlarged to eight when traffic reaches a

title: "Vasco da Gama Bridge" content: the south bank of Tagus, near Montijo. As of 2016, taxes range from €2.70 (passenger cars) to €11.70 (trucks). Vasco da Gama Bridge The Vasco da Gama Bridge (; ) is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by viaducts and rangeviews that spans the Tagus River in Parque das Nações in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. It is the second longest bridge in Europe after the Crimean Bridge with a total length of , including for the main bridge and in viaducts. The Bridge is served by of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de

Answer: road

Answer: roadway

Answer: track

Answer: route

Answer: street

Answer: road


Question: What is the vertex figure of this object?

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title: Tetrahedron content: In the case of a tetrahedron the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid". Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets. For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces. A regular tetrahedron is one in which all four faces are equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular Platonic solids, which

title: Tetrahedron content: from "C" to the midpoint of an edge of the base. This follows from the fact that the medians of a triangle intersect at its centroid, and this point divides each of them in two segments, one of which is twice as long as the other (see ). For a regular tetrahedron with side length "a", radius "R" of its circumscribing sphere, and distances "d" from an arbitrary point in 3-space to its four vertices, we have The vertices of a cube can be grouped into two groups of four, each forming a regular tetrahedron (see above, and also ,

title: Tetrahedron content: on this plane, both halves become wedges. This property also applies for tetragonal disphenoids when applied to the two special edge pairs. The tetrahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Straight lines on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane. An isosceles tetrahedron, also called a disphenoid, is a tetrahedron where all four faces are congruent triangles. A space-filling tetrahedron packs with congruent copies of itself to tile space, like the disphenoid tetrahedral honeycomb. In

title: Tetrahedron content: the 1st century Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. Denote "a,b,c" be three edges that meet at a point, and "x,y,z" the opposite edges. Let "V" be the volume of the tetrahedron; then where The above formula uses different expressions with the following formula,The above formula uses six lengths of edges, and the following formula uses three lengths of edges and three angles. If "U", "V", "W", "u", "v", "w" are lengths of edges of the tetrahedron (first three form a triangle; "u" opposite to "U" and so on), then where A plane that divides two opposite edges

title: Tetrahedron content: lie on two skew lines, and the distance between the edges is defined as the distance between the two skew lines. Let "d" be the distance between the skew lines formed by opposite edges a and as calculated here. Then another volume formula is given by The tetrahedron has many properties analogous to those of a triangle, including an insphere, circumsphere, medial tetrahedron, and exspheres. It has respective centers such as incenter, circumcenter, excenters, Spieker center and points such as a centroid. However, there is generally no orthocenter in the sense of intersecting altitudes. Gaspard Monge found a center that

title: Tetrahedron content: between its Monge point and circumcenter. These points define the "Euler line" of the tetrahedron that is analogous to the Euler line of a triangle. The nine-point circle of the general triangle has an analogue in the circumsphere of a tetrahedron's medial tetrahedron. It is the twelve-point sphere and besides the centroids of the four faces of the reference tetrahedron, it passes through four substitute "Euler points", one third of the way from the Monge point toward each of the four vertices. Finally it passes through the four base points of orthogonal lines dropped from each Euler point to the

title: Tetrahedron content: Putting any of the four vertices in the role of "O" yields four such identities, but at most three of them are independent: If the "clockwise" sides of three of them are multiplied and the product is inferred to be equal to the product of the "counterclockwise" sides of the same three identities, and then common factors are cancelled from both sides, the result is the fourth identity. Three angles are the angles of some triangle if and only if their sum is 180° (π radians). What condition on 12 angles is necessary and sufficient for them to be the

title: Tetrahedron content: 12 angles of some tetrahedron? Clearly the sum of the angles of any side of the tetrahedron must be 180°. Since there are four such triangles, there are four such constraints on sums of angles, and the number of degrees of freedom is thereby reduced from 12 to 8. The four relations given by this sine law further reduce the number of degrees of freedom, from 8 down to not 4 but 5, since the fourth constraint is not independent of the first three. Thus the space of all shapes of tetrahedra is 5-dimensional. Let be the points of a

Answer: triangle

Answer: 2-simplex

Answer: triangle

Answer: 3-gon


Question: Who is the manufacturer of this vehicle?

Instruction: Retrieve documents that provide an answer to the question alongside the image:

title: "Isuzu Ascender" content: Isuzu Ascender The Isuzu Ascender is a midsize SUV built by General Motors for Isuzu. The 7-passenger Ascender was introduced for the 2003 model year as a replacement for the Isuzu Trooper. The 5-passenger Ascender was introduced for the 2004 model year as a replacement for the Isuzu Rodeo and the Isuzu Axiom. The Isuzu Ascender was never sold in Canada because Isuzu had withdrawn from the Canadian market in 2002. The Ascender is the only one of the six mid-size SUVs that was not actually a GM-branded product. The Ascender LWB was dropped after the 2006 model year. Reviews

title: "Isuzu Ascender" content: warned of a thin dealer network for warranty repairs, and the Kelley Blue Book projected a relatively low resale value similar to the TrailBlazer. However, Isuzu offers a seven-year/75,000-mile powertrain warranty, and substantial factory incentives. The Ascender ended production on June 6, 2008, as part of Isuzu's withdrawal from the United States market. The Ascender (along with the related GMC Envoy) were both replaced by the 2010 GMC Terrain, based on the GM Theta platform. 7-passenger versions of both SUVs were indirectly replaced by the GMC Acadia in 2007, based on the GM Lambda platform. Engines: In 2012, General Motors

title: "Isuzu Ascender" content: and Isuzu recalled more than 258,000 SUVs in the U.S. and Canada to fix short-circuits in power window and door-lock switches that could cause fires. The recall covered Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, Buick Rainier, Isuzu Ascender and Saab 9-7X SUVs from the 2006 and 2007 model years. The SUVs were sold or registered in the United States also including Hawaii and Alaska and Canada as well. General Motors announced the recall of 316,357 vehicles in late 2014, primarily in North America, to fix malfunctioning headlights. According to the company, a problem in the headlamp driver module could have led to

title: "Isuzu Ascender" content: temporary or permanent malfunctioning of the low-beam headlamps and daytime running lamps. This increased the possibility of an accident. However, the high-beam headlamps, marker lamps, turn signals and fog lamps are not affected by the issue. The vehicles that were covered under the recall are the 2006–2009 Buick LaCrosse sedans; 2006–2007 Chevrolet Trailblazer, GMC Envoy and Buick Rainier SUVs; and 2006–2008 Saab 9-7X and Isuzu Ascender SUVs. Isuzu Ascender The Isuzu Ascender is a midsize SUV built by General Motors for Isuzu. The 7-passenger Ascender was introduced for the 2003 model year as a replacement for the Isuzu Trooper. The

Answer: General Motors

Answer: Isuzu

Answer: GM Card

Answer: General Motors

Answer: Isuzu Motors

Answer: GMC

Answer: GM

Answer: General Motors Corporation

Answer: General Motors Company, LLC

Answer: Isuzu Jidōsha Kabushiki-Kaisha

Answer: Isuzu


Question: What is the country of origin of this aircraft?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

title: "Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia" content: Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia The Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia is a twin-turboprop commuter airliner, produced by Embraer of Brazil. After the success of the EMB 110 Bandeirante, Embraer began the development of their first transport category airliner in 1974. The Family 12X comprised three models with modular concept designs: EMB 120 Araguaia, EMB 123 Tapajós and EMB 121 Xingu. EMB 121 was the sole 12X model effectively produced. Araguaia's name was changed to Brasilia in 1979 at the official launching of the project, when at a CAAA (Commuter Airline Association of America) convention at USA several suggestions from prospective operators

title: "Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia" content: were collected and incorporated to EMB 120 design. Thus, a completely new aircraft – no longer related to the 12X family – was launched. No common parts from EMB 121 Xingu were used, and the capacity was revised from 24 to 30 seats. Originally designed to utilise the new 1500 shp Pratt & Whitney Canada PW115 turboprop, it was later upgraded to the 1892 eshp PW118. The Brasilia attracted immediate interest from many regional airlines, particularly in the US. The size, speed and ceiling allowed faster and more direct services around the US and Europe, compared to similar aircraft. The

title: "Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia" content: first aircraft entered service with Atlantic Southeast Airlines in October 1985. The basic EMB 120RT was upgraded to the extended range (1,575 km) EMB 120 ER, with older aircraft retrofitted via a Service Bulletin. Most of the EMB 120s were sold in the United States and other destinations in the Western Hemisphere. Some European airlines such as Régional in France, Atlant-Soyuz Airlines in Russia, DAT in Belgium, and DLT in Germany also purchased EMB-120s, although the Angolan Air Force, for example, received new EMB 120s in 2007. Great Lakes Airlines operates six EMB 120s in its fleet, and Ameriflight flies

title: "Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia" content: 10 as freighters. As of July 2018, 105 Brasilias were in airline service: 45 in North/South America, 26 in Africa, 14 in Europe and 20 in Asia-Pacific, with major operators: Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia The Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia is a twin-turboprop commuter airliner, produced by Embraer of Brazil. After the success of the EMB 110 Bandeirante, Embraer began the development of their first transport category airliner in 1974. The Family 12X comprised three models with modular concept designs: EMB 120 Araguaia, EMB 123 Tapajós and EMB 121 Xingu. EMB 121 was the sole 12X model effectively produced. Araguaia's name

Answer: Brazil

Answer: Federative Republic of Brazil

Answer: Brazil

Answer: BRA

Answer: BR

Answer: br


Question: What country does this aircraft belong to?

Instruction: With the provided image, gather documents that offer a solution to the question:

title: "Fokker 100" content: had financial troubles of its own, restricting its ability to support multiple regional airliner programmes. Accordingly, in 1997, production of the Fokker 100 was terminated after 283 airframes had been delivered. By July 2017, a total of 113 Fokker 100 aircraft remained in airline service with 25 airlines around the world. Although airlines are currently retiring the aircraft, there are still large numbers in operation in both Australia and Iran. The "F28 Mark 0100" “Fokker 100” is based on the Fokker F28 Mark 4000 re-engineed with two Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay high by-pass ratio turbofans and a fuselage stretched by .

title: "Fokker 100" content: Its wing is wider by , has new flaps and larger ailerons, and extended leading and trailing edges improve aerodynamics and increase the wing chord. The landing gear is strengthened and has new wheels and brakes, and the horizontal stabilizer is widened by . Maximum weights are increased while fuel capacity, max speed and ceiling remain the same, passenger capacity went from 85 to 109. The flight deck went digital with a flight management system, an autopilot/flight director including CAT III autoland, thrust management system, electronic flight instrument displays and full ARINC avionics. The new wing was claimed to be

title: "Fokker 100" content: 30% more efficient in cruise, while retaining the simplicity of a fixed leading edge. The cockpit was updated with a Rockwell Collins DU-1000 EFIS. Like the Fokker Fellowship, the Fokker 100 retained the twin rear fuselage-mounted engines and T-tail configuration, like the Douglas DC-9 family. It lacks the F28 eyebrow windows above the cockpit. A Type Certificate was applied for on 25 March 1983. The program was announced in 1983. A pair of prototypes were built. On 30 November 1986, the first prototype, "PH-MKH", flew for the first time, while the second, "PH-MKC", followed on 25 February 1987. The variant

title: "Fokker 100" content: the intention of reopening both the Fokker 70 and 100 lines. During the 2000s, the Netherlands Aircraft Company (otherwise known as "NG Aircraft") was formed for the purpose of restarting production. However, the ambition has suffered some delays, including some false starts. In March 2010, NG Aircraft stated that it had securing funding from the Ministry of Economic Affairs to adapt an existing Fokker 100 to serve as a prototype for a planned improved new-build series; that same month the company announced its interest in converting existing aircraft to a proposed new-build equvilent standard, in addition to its primary focus

title: "Fokker 100" content: 1994, designated as the "Fokker 100QC". In 1993, a shortened version of the airliner was introduced, designated as the Fokker 70; this aircraft was intended as a replacement for the earlier Fokker F28 and featured the removal of 4.70 m (15.42 ft) of the fuselage and reduced seating to 80. Third party aircraft companies, such as Phoenix Aero Solutions, have since offered their own conversion programs to produce freights from former airliner configuration Fokker 100s. While studies were conducted on a proposed 130-seat "Fokker 130", this proposal ultimately did not reach further stages of development. In 2003, a Fokker 100EJ

title: "Fokker 100" content: 100 airliners continued to be supported and used by operators. As a consequence of the Great Recession of the late 2000s, a large number of the type were retired from airline service, some later returned to operations while a considerable portion were broken up instead. In March 2009, Mexicana announced that the confirmation of an agreement with Boeing to lease 25 Boeing 717s as a replacement for its fleet of 25 Fokker 100s. In September 2009, one of the last Asian operators of the type, Mandarin Airlines, phased out the last of its Fokker 100. According to maintenance and servicing

title: "Fokker 100" content: 2015, the French DGA Essais en Vol had used the Fokker 100 as a flying testbed; it is referred to as the "ABE-NG", standing for "". It has replaced the DGA's previous testbed of choice, the Dassault Falcon 20 business jet, and has been outfitted with various systems of the Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft for testing purposes, including the Rafale's nose section, Thales RBE2 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar and optronics equipment, as well as a Reco NG targeting pod under the fuselage and a compliment of MBDA Mica air-to-air missiles. The first aircraft, which was formerly used by

Answer: Netherlands

Answer: Netherlands

Answer: NED

Answer: Nederland

Answer: NL

Answer: Holland

Answer: Netherlands (after 1945)

Answer: nl

Answer: the Netherlands


Question: Who is the developer of this aircraft?

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title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, currently marketed as the Viking Air DHC-6 Twin Otter, is a Canadian 19-passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada and currently produced by Viking Air. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter passenger airliner as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: United States Air Force's 98th Flying Training Squadron. Development of the aircraft began in 1964, with the first flight on May 20, 1965. A twin-engine replacement for the single-engine DHC-3 Otter retaining DHC's renowned STOL qualities, its design features included double-slotted trailing-edge flaps and ailerons that work in unison with the flaps to boost STOL performance. The availability of the Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-20 turboprop in the early 1960s made the concept of a twin more feasible. To bush operators, the improved reliability of turboprop power and the improved performance of a twin-engine configuration made it an immediately popular

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: alternative to the piston-powered Otter which had been flying since 1951. The first six aircraft produced were designated Series 1, indicating that they were prototype aircraft. The initial production run consisted of Series 100 aircraft, serial numbers seven to 115 inclusive. In 1968, Series 200 production began with serial number 116. Changes made at the beginning of Series 200 production included improving the STOL performance, adding a longer nose that was equipped with a larger baggage compartment (except for aircraft fitted with floats), and fitting a larger door to the rear baggage compartment. All Series 1, 100, and 200 aircraft

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and their variants (110, 210) were fitted with the 550-shaft-horsepower PT6A-20 engines. In 1969, the Series 300 was introduced, beginning with serial number 231. Both aircraft performance and payload were improved by fitting more powerful PT6A-27 engines. This was a engine that was flat-rated to for use in the Series 300 Twin Otter. The Series 300 proved to be the most successful variant by far, with 614 Series 300 aircraft and their subvariants (Series 310 for United Kingdom operators, Series 320 for Australian operators, etc.) sold before production in Toronto by de Havilland Canada ended in 1988. In 1976, a

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: new -300 would have cost $700,000 ($M 31 years later) and is still worth more than $2.5 million in 2018 despite the -400 introduction, many years after the -300 production ceased. After Series 300 production ended, the remaining tooling was purchased by Viking Air of Victoria, British Columbia, which manufactures replacement parts for all of the out-of-production de Havilland Canada aircraft. On February 24, 2006, Viking purchased the type certificates from Bombardier Aerospace for all the out-of-production de Havilland Canada aircraft (DHC-1 through DHC-7). The ownership of the certificates gives Viking the exclusive right to manufacture new aircraft. On July

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: 17, 2006, at the Farnborough Air Show, Viking Air announced its intention to offer a Series 400 Twin Otter. On April 2, 2007, Viking announced that with 27 orders and options in hand, it was restarting production of the Twin Otter, equipped with more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 engines. As of November 2007, 40 firm orders and 10 options had been taken and a new final assembly plant was established in Calgary, Alberta. Zimex Aviation of Switzerland received the first new production aircraft, serial number 845, in July 2010. By mid-2014, Viking had built 55 new aircraft at

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: its Calgary facility. The production rate as of summer 2014 was about 24 aircraft per year. In April 2015, Viking announced a reduction of the production rate to 18 aircraft per year. On June 17, 2015, Viking further announced a partnership with a Chinese firm, Reignwood Aviation Group. The group will purchase 50 aircraft and become the exclusive representatives for new Series 400 Twin Otters in China. Major changes introduced with the Series 400 include Honeywell Primus Apex fully integrated avionics, deletion of the AC electrical system, deletion of the beta backup system, modernization of the electrical and lighting systems,

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and use of composites for nonload-bearing structures such as doors. The 100th Series 400 Twin Otter (MSN 944) was displayed at the July 2017 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh. Currently, 38% are operated as regional airliners, 31% in military aviation or special missions, 26% in industrial support and 5% in private air charter. Additionally, 70 are on regular landing gear wheels, 18 are configured as straight or amphibious floatplanes, 10 have tundra tires and 2 have wheel skis. Twin Otters could be delivered directly from the factory with floats, skis, or tricycle landing gear fittings, making them adaptable bush planes for remote

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: and northern areas. Areas including Canada and the United States, (specifically Alaska) had much of the demand. Many Twin Otters still serve in the far north, but they can also be found in Africa, Australia, Asia, Antarctica, and other regions where bush planes are the optimum means of travel. Their versatility and maneuverability have made them popular in areas with difficult flying environments such as Papua New Guinea. In Norway, the Twin Otter paved the way for the network of short-field airports, connecting rural areas with larger towns. The Twin Otter showed outstanding reliability, and remained in service until 2000

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: on certain routes. Widerøe of Norway was, at one time, the world's largest operator of Twin Otters. During one period of its tenure in Norway, the Twin Otter fleet achieved over 96,000 cycles (take-off, flight, and landing) per year. A number of commuter airlines in the United States got their start by operating Twin Otters in scheduled passenger operations. Houston Metro Airlines (which later changed its name to Metro Airlines) constructed their own STOLport airstrip with a passenger terminal and maintenance hangar in Clear Lake City, Texas, near the NASA Johnson Space Center. The Clear Lake City STOLport was specifically

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: designed for Twin Otter operations. According to the February 1976 edition of the "Official Airline Guide", Houston Metro operated 22 round-trip flights every weekday at this time between Clear Lake City (CLC) and Houston Intercontinental Airport (IAH, now Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport) in a scheduled passenger airline shuttle operation. Houston Metro had agreements in place for connecting passenger feed services with Continental Airlines and Eastern Airlines at Houston Intercontinental, with this major airport having a dedicated STOL landing area at the time specifically for Twin Otter flight operations. The Clear Lake City STOLport is no longer in existence. The

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: Walt Disney World resort in Florida was also served with scheduled airline flights operated with Twin Otter aircraft. The Walt Disney World Airport (DWS), also known as the Lake Buena Vista STOLport, was a private airfield constructed by the Walt Disney Company with Twin Otter operations in mind. In the early 1970s, Shawnee Airlines operated scheduled Twin Otter flights between the Disney resort and nearby Orlando Jetport (MCO, now Orlando International Airport), as well as to Tampa International Airport (TPA). This service by Shawnee Airlines is mentioned in the "Air Commuter Section" of the Sept, 6, 1972 Eastern Air Lines

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: system timetable as a connecting service to and from Eastern flights. This STOL airfield is no longer in use. Another commuter airline in the U.S., Rocky Mountain Airways, operated Twin Otters from the Lake County Airport in Leadville, CO. At an elevation of 9,927 feet above mean sea level, this airport is the highest airfield in the U.S. ever to have received scheduled passenger airline service, thus demonstrating the wide-ranging flight capabilities of the Twin Otter. Rocky Mountain Airways went on to become the worldwide launch customer for the larger, four-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-7 Dash 7 STOL turboprop, but

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: continued to operate the Twin Otter, as well. Larger scheduled passenger airlines based in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Australia, particularly jetliner operators, also flew Twin Otters, with the aircraft providing connecting feeder service for these airlines. Jet aircraft operators which also flew the Twin Otter included Aeronaves de Mexico, Air BC, Alaska Airlines, ALM Antillean Airlines, Ansett Airlines, Cayman Airways, Frontier Airlines (1950-1986), LIAT, Norcanair, Nordair, Ozark Air Lines, Pacific Western Airlines, Quebecair, South Pacific Island Airways, Time Air, Transair (Canada), Trans Australian Airlines (TAA), Wardair Canada and Wien Air Alaska. In many cases, the excellent

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: operating economics of the Twin Otter allowed airlines large and small to provide scheduled passenger flights to communities that most likely would otherwise never have received air service. Twin Otters are also a staple of Antarctic transportation. Four Twin Otters are employed by the British Antarctic Survey on research and supply flights, and several are employed by the United States Antarctic Program via contract with Kenn Borek Air. On April 24–25, 2001, two Twin Otters performed the first winter flight to Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station to perform a medical evacuation. On June 21–22, 2016, Kenn Borek Air's Twin Otters performed

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: the third winter evacuation flight to Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station to remove two people for medical reasons. The Argentine Air Force has used the Twin Otter in Antarctica since the 1970s, with at least one of them deployed year-round at Marambio Base. The Chilean Air Force has operated the type since 1980, usually having an example based at Presidente Frei Antarctic base of the South Shetland islands. As of August 2006, a total of 584 Twin Otter aircraft (all variants) remain in service worldwide. Major operators include: Libyan Arab Airlines (16), Maldivian Air Taxi (22), Trans Maldivian Airways (23), Kenn

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: Borek Air (42) and Scenic Airlines (11). Some 115 airlines operate smaller numbers of the aircraft including Yeti Airlines in Nepal, Malaysia Airlines (which uses the Twin Otter exclusively for passenger and freight transportation to the Kelabit Highlands region in Sarawak), and in the United Kingdom, the FlyBe franchise operator Loganair which uses the aircraft to service the island of Barra in the Hebrides islands. This daily scheduled service is unique as the aircraft lands on the beach and the schedule is partly influenced by the tide tables. Trials in Barra with heavier planes than the Twin Otter, like the

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: Short 360, failed because they sank in the sand. The Twin Otter is also used for landing at the world's shortest commercial runway on the Caribbean island of Saba, Netherlands Antilles. The Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations. It can carry up to 22 skydivers to over 17,000 ft (a large load compared to most other aircraft in the industry); presently, the Twin Otter is used in skydiving operations in many countries. The United States Air Force operates three Twin Otters for the United States Air Force Academy's skydiving team. On 26 April 2001, the first ever

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: air rescue during polar winter from the South Pole occurred with a ski-equipped Twin Otter operated by Kenn Borek Air. On September 25, 2008, the Series 400 Technology Demonstrator achieved "power on" status in advance of an official rollout. First flight of the Series 400 technical demonstrator, C-FDHT, took place October 1, 2008, at Victoria Airport. Two days later, the aircraft departed Victoria for a ferry flight to Orlando, Florida, site of the 2008 National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) Conference and exhibition. The first new build Series 400 Twin Otter (SN 845) made its first flight on February 16, 2010,

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: in Calgary, Alberta. Transport Canada presented Viking Air Limited with an amended DHC-6 Type Certificate including the Series 400 on July 21, 2010. Six years after, in July 2016, 100 series 400 have been delivered to 34 customers operating in 29 countries. In June 2017, 125 have been made since restarting production in 2010. 270 Twin Otters were in airline service in 2018, and 14 on order : 111 in North/South America, 117 in Asia Pacific & Middle East (14 orders), 26 in Europe and 13 in Africa. The Twin Otter has been popular not only with bush operators as

title: "De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter" content: a replacement for the single-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter but also with other civil and military customers, with over 890 aircraft built. Many commuter airlines in the U.S. got their start by flying the Twin Otter in scheduled passenger operations. Kaymac Inc., a government civilian contractor based in Nevada, operates 18. De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, currently marketed as the Viking Air DHC-6 Twin Otter, is a Canadian 19-passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada and currently produced by Viking Air. The aircraft's fixed tricycle

Answer: de Havilland Canada

Answer: de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd.

Answer: de Havilland Canada

Answer: DHC


Question: What is the closest parent taxonomy of this plant?

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title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: Dicksonia antarctica Dicksonia antarctica (soft tree fern, man fern) is a species of evergreen tree fern native to eastern Australia, ranging from south-east Queensland, coastal New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. These ferns can grow to in height, but more typically grow to about , and consist of an erect rhizome forming a trunk. They are very hairy at the base of the stipe (trunk). The large, dark green, roughly-textured fronds spread in a canopy of in diameter. The shapes of the stems vary as some grow curved and there are multi-headed ones. The fronds are borne in flushes,

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: with fertile and sterile fronds often in alternating layers. The "trunk" of this fern is merely the decaying remains of earlier growth of the plant and forms a medium through which the roots grow. The trunk is usually solitary, without runners, but may produce offsets. They can be cut down and, if they are kept moist, the top portions can be replanted and will form new roots. The stump, however, will not regenerate since it is dead organic matter. In nature, the fibrous trunks are hosts for a range of epiphytic plants including other ferns and mosses. The fern grows

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: at 3.5 to 5 cm per year and produces spores at the age of about 20 years. Reproduction by this species is primarily from spores, but it can also be grown from plantlets occurring around the base of the rhizome. In cultivation, it can also be grown as a "cutting", a method not to be encouraged unless the tree-fern is doomed to die in its present position. This involves sawing the trunk through, usually at ground level, and removing the fronds; the top part will form roots and regrow, but the base will die. The fern grows on damp, sheltered

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: woodland slopes and moist gullies, and they occasionally occur at high altitudes in cloud forests. "Dicksonia antarctica" is the most abundant tree fern in South Eastern Australia. The plant can grow in acid, neutral and alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade. It strongly resents drought or dryness at the roots, and does best in moist soil. "Dicksonia antarctica" grows best in areas of rainfall of over 1,000 mm per year but in lower rainfall areas does well in moist gullies. It is tolerant of fire and re-shoots readily after re-location. It can provide habitat for epiphytes and also provides

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: shelter for more delicate fern species to flourish underneath. Plant in organic soils and heavily and regularly mulched and water. "Dicksonia antarctica" generally requires a minimum rainfall of 500 mm (20 inches) per year. In dry climates, a drip irrigation or spray system applied overhead is the most effective method of watering. It is best to leave old fronds on the plant in order to protect the trunk from cold and desiccation. Winter protection of the trunk is recommended during prolonged or severe cold weather. This plant is particularly suited to garden planting and landscaping purposes. As an ornamental plant,

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: it is hardy to about , succeeding outdoors in the milder areas of Britain where it thrives and often self-sows in Cornish and Scottish west coast gardens. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Large "Dicksonia antarctica" available for sale come from old growth Tasmanian forests, and may be hundreds of years old. The trunks are also available legally from local suppliers who licence collection of minor species from Forestry Tasmania, the State Government GBE who manage forestry. The Soft Tree Fern can be used as a food source, with the pith of the plant being

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: eaten either cooked or raw. It is a good source of starch. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that "The pulp of the top of the trunk is full of starch, and is eaten by the aboriginals [sic.] both raw and roasted. The native blacks [sic.] of the colony used to split open about a foot and a-half of the top of the trunk, and take out the heart, in substance resembling a Swedish turnip, and of the thickness of a man's arm. This they either roasted in the ashes, or ate as bread; but it

title: "Dicksonia antarctica" content: is too bitter and astringent to suit an English palate. (Gunn)" Dicksonia antarctica Dicksonia antarctica (soft tree fern, man fern) is a species of evergreen tree fern native to eastern Australia, ranging from south-east Queensland, coastal New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. These ferns can grow to in height, but more typically grow to about , and consist of an erect rhizome forming a trunk. They are very hairy at the base of the stipe (trunk). The large, dark green, roughly-textured fronds spread in a canopy of in diameter. The shapes of the stems vary as some grow curved

Answer: Dicksonia

Answer: Dicksonia


Question: Which city or region does this place locate in?

Instruction: Extract documents linked to the question provided in conjunction with the image:

title: Iztaccihuatl content: Iztaccihuatl Iztaccíhuatl (alternative spellings include Ixtaccíhuatl, or either variant spelled without the accent) ( or, as spelled with the x, ), is a dormant volcanic mountain in Mexico located on the border between the State of Mexico and Puebla. It is the nation's third highest, after Pico de Orizaba and Popocatépetl . The name "Iztaccíhuatl" is Nahuatl for "White woman", reflecting the four individual snow-capped peaks which depict the head, chest, knees and feet of a sleeping female when seen from east or west. Iztaccíhuatl is to the north of Popocatépetl, to which it is connected by the high altitude

title: Iztaccihuatl content: Paso de Cortés. Depending on atmospheric conditions Iztaccíhuatl is visible much of the year from Mexico City some to the northwest. The first recorded ascent was made in 1889, though archaeological evidence suggests the Aztecs and previous cultures climbed it previously. It is the lowest peak containing permanent snow and glaciers in Mexico. The summit ridge of the massive volcano is a series of overlapping cones constructed along a NNW-SSE line to the south of the Pleistocene Llano Grande caldera. There have been andesitic and dacitic Pleistocene and Holocene eruptions from vents at or near the summit. Areas near the

title: Iztaccihuatl content: survey assert that a range of is more accurate. The Global Volcanism Program cites . Iztaccihuatl Iztaccíhuatl (alternative spellings include Ixtaccíhuatl, or either variant spelled without the accent) ( or, as spelled with the x, ), is a dormant volcanic mountain in Mexico located on the border between the State of Mexico and Puebla. It is the nation's third highest, after Pico de Orizaba and Popocatépetl . The name "Iztaccíhuatl" is Nahuatl for "White woman", reflecting the four individual snow-capped peaks which depict the head, chest, knees and feet of a sleeping female when seen from east or west. Iztaccíhuatl

Answer: State of Mexico

Answer: Puebla

Answer: Puebla

Answer: Free and Sovereign State of Puebla

Answer: State of Mexico

Answer: Estado de Puebla

Answer: Mexico state

Answer: Mexico, Mexico

Answer: Mexico


Question: Which road, railway or canal does this bridge carry?

Instruction: Obtain documents that correspond to the inquiry alongside the provided image:

title: "Blackfriars Bridge" content: Blackfriars Bridge Blackfriars Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Blackfriars Railway Bridge, carrying the A201 road. The north end is near the Inns of Court and Temple Church, along with Blackfriars station. The south end is near the Tate Modern art gallery and the Oxo Tower. The first fixed crossing at Blackfriars was a long toll bridge designed in an Italianate style by Robert Mylne and constructed with nine semi-elliptical arches of Portland stone. Beating designs by John Gwynn and George Dance, it took nine years to build,

Answer: A201 road

Answer: A201

Answer: A201 road