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title: L. S. Ayres section title: Origins in Indianapolis hierarchical section title: L. S. Ayres / History / Origins in Indianapolis caption reference description: The former L. S. Ayres Annex Warehouse at 14–22 W. Maryland Street, south of the main store. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. caption attribution description: English: Front of the L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse, located at 14-22 W. Maryland Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Built in 1875 and since converted into storefronts, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: L. S. Ayres and Company was an Indianapolis, Indiana, department store founded in 1872 by Lyman S. Ayres. Over the years its Indianapolis flagship store, which opened in 1905 and was later enlarged, became known for its women's fashions, the Tea Room, holiday events and displays, and the basement budget store. As urban populations shifted to the suburbs, Ayres established branch stores in new shopping centers in several Indiana cities. Ayres also acquired retail subsidiaries in Springfield, Illinois; Fort Wayne, Indiana; and Louisville, Kentucky. Ayr-Way, the Ayres discount store subsidiary, became the first discount store launched by a full-line department store. By the end of the 1960s Ayres had become a diversified merchandising business with retail department stores, a chain of discount stores, specialty clothing stores, a home furnishings showroom, and a real estate holding company. A long-time Ayres slogan, "That Ayres Look", promoted the company as a fashion leader, and by 1972 it had become the oldest continuous retail slogan in the United States.
Associated Dry Goods acquired Ayres in 1972.

title: L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse hierarchical section title: L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse caption reference description: L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse, October 2010 caption attribution description: English: Front of the L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse, located at 14-22 W. Maryland Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Built in 1875 and since converted into storefronts, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. content: L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse, also known as Elliott's Block Nos. 14-22, is a historic warehouse building located at Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built in 1875 by the L.S. Ayres department store, and is a three-story, rectangular Italianate style brick building with an elaborate cast iron first story storefront. Other decorative elements are in stone, brick, and sheet metal. It measures 72 feet, 6 inches, wide and 49 feet, 6 inches, deep. It features Corinthian order columns as part of the cast iron facade.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Center Township, Marion County, Indiana section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Center Township, Marion County, Indiana / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Front of the L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse, located at 14-22 W. Maryland Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Built in 1875 and since converted into storefronts, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. caption alt text description: L.S. Ayres Annex Warehouse content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Center Township, Marion County, Indiana.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Center Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.
There are 248 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 9 National Historic Landmarks. Because Indianapolis is coextensive with Marion County, properties are listed by township rather than by city or town. Center Township is the location of 180 of these properties and districts, including 6 of the National Historic Landmarks; these properties and districts are listed here. Properties and districts in Marion County's other townships are listed separately. The Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System, a historic district, is primarily in Center Township but extends into three other townships, and is therefore included on both lists.


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title: Medina County, Texas hierarchical section title: Medina County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Medina County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 46,006. Its county seat is Hondo. The county is named for the Medina River. The extreme northern part of the county lies within the Edwards Plateau, which elevates into the Texas Hill Country
The Medina Dam, the fourth largest in the nation when completed in 1913, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The irrigation project, creating Medina Lake, was built by 1500 skilled workers who worked in shifts operating 24 hours a day to complete the dam in two years.
Medina County is part of the San Antonio, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas caption reference description: Location of Medina County in Texas content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Medina County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Medina County, Texas. There are two districts and seven individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. One district includes an individually listed property that is also a State Historic Site, State Antiquities Landmark, and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. This district contains several other RTHLs while properties elsewhere in the county include one more SAL and RTHL.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 23, 2019.


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title: Willow Smith discography hierarchical section title: Willow Smith discography caption reference description: Smith in August 2010 caption attribution description: English: Willow Smith at The Nobel Peace Price Concert 2009 Русский: Уиллоу Смит на концерте The Nobel Peace Price 2009 content: American singer Willow Smith has released three studio albums, two extended plays, eight singles and ten music videos. In 2010, Smith released her debut single "Whip My Hair", which peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song was certified platinum in Australia and the US, gold in Canada and silver in the United Kingdom. Her debut studio album, Ardipithecus, was released on December 11, 2015 through Roc Nation and peaked on the Heatseekers Albums chart at number 15. She followed with the studio albums The 1st in October 2017, and Willow in July 2019.


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title: Warwick railway station, Queensland section title: Hamilton Street Buildings hierarchical section title: Warwick railway station, Queensland / Description / Hamilton Street Buildings caption reference description: Architectural plans for the station master's house, 1880 caption attribution description: English: Southern and Western Railways, Station Master's House, Warwick, 19 February 1880 content: Warwick railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Southern railway line in Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c. 1881 to 1910s. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.


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title: Ahaus hierarchical section title: Ahaus caption reference description: St George's Fountain in Ahaus caption attribution description: Description: Ahaus Georgsbrunnen Source: Own picture caption alt text description: St George's Fountain in Ahaus content: Ahaus is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, lying some 20 km south-east of Enschede.
Ahaus is the home for Germany's "Interim Storage of [Radioactive] spent fuel"


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title: Torc Mountain hierarchical section title: Torc Mountain caption reference description: View from the summit of Torc Mountain looking westwards to the Upper Lake in the Black Valley caption attribution description: TJBrosnan 15:55, 22 August 2006 (UTC)TJ Brosnan Taken from top of Torc overlooking the Uppper Lake and the Black Valley in the distance. content: Torc Mountain, at 535 metres, is the 329th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin list. It is a popular mountain for hill walkers as it has a stone or boarded path from its base at Torc Waterfall to its summit, which has views of the Lakes of Killarney. Torc Mountain is part of the Mangerton Mountain Group range in County Kerry, Ireland.


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title: Alfred Iverson Jr. hierarchical section title: Alfred Iverson Jr. caption attribution description: Alfred Iverson, Jr., Confederate States Army General, from http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/index.htm content: Alfred Iverson Jr. was a lawyer, an officer in the Mexican–American War, a U.S. Army cavalry officer, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served in the 1862–63 campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia as a regimental and later brigade commander. His career was fatally damaged by a disastrous infantry assault at the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. General Robert E. Lee removed Iverson from his army and sent him to cavalry duty in Georgia. During the Atlanta Campaign, he achieved a notable success in a cavalry action near Macon, Georgia, capturing Union Army Maj. Gen. George Stoneman and hundreds of his men.

title: List of American Civil War generals (Confederate) section title: I hierarchical section title: List of American Civil War generals (Confederate) / I caption attribution description: Alfred Iverson, Jr., Confederate States Army General, from http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/index.htm content: Assigned to duty by E. Kirby Smith
Incomplete appointments
State militia generals
The Confederate and United States processes for appointment, nomination and confirmation of general officers were essentially the same. The military laws of the United States required that a person be nominated as a general officer by the president and be confirmed by the Senate and that his commission be signed and sealed by the president.
Despite legal interpretations that would preclude posthumous confirmation of appointments or delivery of commissions, the U.S. Senate and the Confederate Senate confirmed a few appointments of officers known to be dead and did not recall or revoke a few other confirmed appointments for officers who had recently died or died before receiving their commissions. No brevet appointments were made in the Confederate States Army but twenty acting or temporary general officers were authorized by and appointed under Confederate States law. At least one State militia had at least one brevet general.
Although not as prevalent as in the Union Army, some dates of rank in the Confederate States Army were before the date of appointment or commission.


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title: Massachusetts's 6th congressional district hierarchical section title: Massachusetts's 6th congressional district caption reference description: Massachusetts's 6th congressional district - since January 3, 2013. content: Massachusetts's 6th congressional district is located in northeastern Massachusetts. It contains most of Essex County, including the North Shore and Cape Ann, as well as part of Middlesex County. It is represented by Seth Moulton, who has represented the district since January 2015. The shape of the district went through minor changes effective from the elections of 2012 after Massachusetts congressional redistricting to reflect the 2010 census. The towns of Tewksbury and Billerica were added, along with a small portion of the town of Andover.


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title: Evil Queen section title: Inspired characters hierarchical section title: Evil Queen / In derivative works / Inspired characters caption reference description: Monica Bellucci in 2009 caption attribution description: Monica Bellucci Deutsch: Monica Bellucci bei den Women’s World Awards 2009 in der Wiener Stadthalle (Wien, Österreich). English: Monica Bellucci at the Women's World Award 2009 (Wiener Stadthalle, Vienna, Austria). content: The Evil Queen, also called the Wicked Queen, is a fictional character and the main antagonist of "Snow White", a German fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm; similar stories are also known to exist in other countries. Other versions of the Queen appear in "Snow White" derivative works, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated works of fiction.
The Evil Queen is Snow White's evil and vindictive stepmother who is obsessed with being "the fairest in the land". The beautiful young princess Snow White evokes the Queen's sense of envy, so the Queen designs a number of plans to kill Snow White through the use of witchcraft. A driving force in the story is the Queen's Magic Mirror. In the traditional resolution of the story, the Queen is grotesquely executed for her crimes. The tale is meant as a lesson for young children warning them against the dangers of narcissism, pride, and hubris.
Various other versions of the Queen appear in subsequent adaptations and continuations of the fairy tale, including novels and films.


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title: Lincoln Tunnel section title: Exclusive bus lane hierarchical section title: Lincoln Tunnel / Description / Exclusive bus lane caption reference description: Lincoln Tunnel Helix during AM rush hour with buses using a normally west bound lane to approach tunnel toll plaza content: The Lincoln Tunnel is an approximately 1.5-mile-long tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey, to the west with Midtown Manhattan in New York City to the east. It was designed by Ole Singstad and named after Abraham Lincoln. The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths, with two traffic lanes in each tube. The center tube contains reversible lanes, while the northern and southern tubes exclusively carry westbound and eastbound traffic, respectively.
The Lincoln Tunnel was originally proposed in the late 1920s and early 1930s as the Midtown Hudson Tunnel. The tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel were constructed in stages between 1934 and 1957. Construction of the central tube, which originally lacked sufficient funding due to the Great Depression, started in 1934 and it opened in 1937. The northern tube started construction in 1936, was delayed due to World War II-related material shortages, and opened in 1945. Although the original plans for the Lincoln Tunnel called for two tubes, a third tube to the south of the existing tunnels was planned in 1950 due to high traffic demand on the other two tubes.

title: Port Authority Bus Terminal section title: Capacity and overflow hierarchical section title: Port Authority Bus Terminal / Capacity and overflow caption reference description: The XBL, or exclusive bus lane, on Lincoln Tunnel Helix amid AM rush hour, leads to the PABT. content: The Port Authority Bus Terminal is a bus terminal serving interstate buses traveling into Manhattan, New York City. The terminal is the largest in the Western Hemisphere and the busiest in the world by volume of traffic, serving about 8,000 buses and 225,000 people on an average weekday and more than 65 million people a year.
The terminal is located in Midtown at 625 Eighth Avenue between 40th Street and 42nd Street, one block east of the Lincoln Tunnel and one block west of Times Square. It is one of three bus terminals operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the others being the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Upper Manhattan and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City.
The PABT serves as a terminus and departure point for commuter routes as well as for long-distance intercity bus service and is a major transit hub for residents of New Jersey. It has 223 departure gates and 1,250 car parking spaces, as well as commercial and retail space. In 2011, there were more than 2.263 million bus departures from the terminal.

title: Bus rapid transit in New Jersey section title: 495 XBL-Lincoln Tunnel-PABT hierarchical section title: Bus rapid transit in New Jersey / Existing systems / 495 XBL-Lincoln Tunnel-PABT caption reference description: Lincoln Tunnel Helix during AM rush hour with buses using a normally west bound lane to approach the tunnel toll plaza content: Bus rapid transit in New Jersey comprises limited-stop bus service, exclusive bus lanes and bus bypass shoulders. Under the banner Next Generation Bus New Jersey Transit, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, and the metropolitan planning organizations of New Jersey which recommend and authorize transportation projects are undertaking the creation of several additional bus rapid transit systems in the state. In 2011, NJT announced that it would equip its entire bus fleet with devices for real-time locating, thus creating the basis for "next bus" scheduling information at bus shelters. The introduction and expanded use of bus rapid transit in Garden State is part of worldwide phenomenon to bring mass transit to heavily trafficked corridors in both high and medium density areas as a cost-saving, and sometimes more flexible, alternative to rail transportation, thus reducing automobile dependency and traffic congestion.


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title: Cass County, Texas hierarchical section title: Cass County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Cass County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 30,464. The county seat is Linden. The county was named for Lewis Cass, a senator from Michigan who favored the annexation of Texas.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Cass County, Texas hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Cass County, Texas caption reference description: Location of Cass County in Texas content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cass County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Cass County, Texas. There are three properties listed on the National Register in the county. All three are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also a State Antiquities Landmark.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 23, 2019.


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title: Denardo Coleman hierarchical section title: Denardo Coleman caption reference description: Denardo Coleman playing with Ornette Coleman, Great American Music Hall, San Francisco, October 29, 1981. caption attribution description: English: Denardo Coleman playing with Ornette Coleman, Great American Music Hall SF 10/29/81. Photo by Brian McMillen caption alt text description: Denardo Coleman playing with Ornette Coleman, Great American Music Hall, San Francisco, October 29, 1981. content: Denardo Ornette Coleman is an American jazz drummer. He is the son of Ornette Coleman and Jayne Cortez.


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title: Lakeside (electoral district) section title: Previous boundaries hierarchical section title: Lakeside (electoral district) / Previous boundaries caption reference description: The 1998-2011 boundaries for Lakeside electoral district highlighted in red caption attribution description: English: The 1998-2011 boundaries for the Lakeside electoral district highlighted in red content: Lakeside is a provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada. It is located to the immediate northwest of the city of Winnipeg.
Traditionally a rural riding, Lakeside has become more urban in recent years. All the same, agriculture accounted for 17% of the riding's industry in 1999. The riding is bordered to the north by Interlake, to the west by Portage la Prairie, to the south by Morris and to the east by Gimli. It also borders the city of Winnipeg to the southeast.
There are no major urban centres in the riding. Communities include Argyle, Balmoral, Rosser, Gunton, Stonewall, Stony Mountain, Teulon, Warren, Woodlands and Inwood.
Lakeside's population in 1996 was 19473. The average family income in 1999 was C$49,774, with an unemployment rate of 6.10%. Eight per cent of the population is of a German background, and 8% are aboriginal.
Lakeside was created by provincial redistribution in 1886. It has traditionally elected representatives of agrarian interests, both of the Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties. Since 1922 to the present, the riding has had only three representatives.


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title: West Virginia section title: Development of natural resources hierarchical section title: West Virginia / History / Development of natural resources caption reference description: Family of a coal miner, circa 1935 content: West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States, though it is also considered part of the Mid-Atlantic Southeast Region. It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the northeast, Maryland to the east and northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 41st-largest state by area and ranks 38th in population, with around 1.791 million residents. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, at the start of the American Civil War. Delegates from the Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, which also included secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War.


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title: Fullerton, California section title: Local Government Organization hierarchical section title: Fullerton, California / Government and politics / Local Government Organization caption reference description: Fullerton CA City Council District Map caption attribution description: English: Fullerton CA City Council District Map content: Fullerton is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 135,161.
Fullerton was founded in 1887. It secured the land on behalf of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Historically it was a center of agriculture, notably groves of Valencia oranges and other citrus crops; petroleum extraction; transportation; and manufacturing. It is home to numerous higher educational institutions, particularly California State University, Fullerton and Fullerton College. From the mid-1940s through the late 1990s, Fullerton was home to a large industrial base made up of aerospace contractors, canneries, paper products manufacturers, and is considered to be the birthplace of the electric guitar, due in a large part to Leo Fender. The headquarters of Vons, which is owned by Albertsons, is located in Fullerton near the Fullerton-Anaheim line.


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title: Rocky Bluff Battery and Township section title: Description hierarchical section title: Rocky Bluff Battery and Township / Description caption reference description: Rocky Bluffs Crushing Mill, circa 1909 content: Rocky Bluff Battery and Township is a heritage-listed former mining town at Watsonville, Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1902 to c. 1926. It is also known as Stannary Hills Mill. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 December 2002.


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title: Yekaterina Guseva section title: Life and career hierarchical section title: Yekaterina Guseva / Life and career caption attribution description: Русский: Министр обороны России Сергей Кужугетович Шойгу поздравил воспитанниц и коллектив Пансиона c 10-летием content: Yekaterina Konstantinovna Guseva is a Russian film, theater, TV actress and singer, Meritorious Artist of Russia. She became famous for her role in the 2002 television series Brigada.


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title: HP 64000 section title: Description hierarchical section title: HP 64000 / Description caption reference description: HP 64000 functional block diagram caption attribution description: English: HP 64000 functional diagram content: The HP 64000 Logic Development System, introduced 17 September 1979, is a tool for developing hardware and software for products based on commercial microprocessors from a variety of manufacturers. The systems assisted software development with assemblers and compilers for Pascal and C, provided hardware for in-circuit emulation of processors and memory, had debugging tools including logic analysis hardware, and a programmable read-only memory chip programmer. A wide variety of optional cards and software were available tailored to particular microprocessors. When introduced the HP 64000 had two distinguishing characteristics. First, unlike most microprocessor development systems of the day, such as the Intel Intellec and Motorola EXORciser, it was not dedicated to a particular manufacturer's microprocessors, and second, it was designed such that up to six workstations would be connected via the HP-IB instrumentation bus to a common hard drive and printer to form a tightly integrated network.


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title: Glover Edwin Ruckstell hierarchical section title: Glover Edwin Ruckstell caption reference description: Glover Edwin Ruckstell and Quickwell in 1916 in their Mercer racecar at the Sheepshead Bay Race Track for the Astor Cup caption attribution description: English: Glover Edwin Ruckstell and Quickwell in 1916 in their Mercer automobile at the Sheepheads Bay raceway for the Astor Cup content: Glover Edwin Ruckstell was an American engineer and race car driver.


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title: Death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner section title: International hierarchical section title: Death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner / Reactions / International caption reference description: Presidents Juan Manuel Santos, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Hugo Chávez with President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner caption attribution description: Español: Los Presidentes de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela en el funeral de Nestor Kirchner content: Néstor Kirchner, former President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, former Governor of Santa Cruz from 1991 to 2003, former First Gentleman from 2007 to 2010 and the first Secretary General of UNASUR, had died of heart failure on the morning of 27 October 2010 at the Jose Formenti hospital in El Calafate, Santa Cruz Province at the age of 60. Efforts to revive him were unsuccessful. His wife, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, was present with him when he died. He was also expected to run for president in 2011.
He had two coronary interventions earlier that year. On 7 February 2010, he developed problems with the common carotid artery and needed surgery. On 11 September 2010, he was hospitalized due to coronary artery blockage and needed an angioplasty.
For more than 24 hours, hundreds of thousands of people filed past Kirchner’s body lying in state, in a state funeral at the Casa Rosada attended by several Argentine personalities and eight South American leaders. Starting 29 October afternoon, a massive popular procession accompanied the remains of Néstor Kirchner from Casa Rosada to the metropolitan airport, and then from the airport of Río Gallegos to the cemetery.


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title: List of diplomatic missions of Spain hierarchical section title: List of diplomatic missions of Spain caption reference description: Spanish Embassy in Mexico City caption attribution description: English: Embassy of Spain in Mexico City Español: Embajada de España en México DF content: This is a list of diplomatic missions of Spain, excluding honorary consulates. The Kingdom of Spain has a large global diplomatic presence.

title: List of diplomatic missions in Mexico section title: Embassies in Mexico City hierarchical section title: List of diplomatic missions in Mexico / Embassies in Mexico City caption reference description: Embassy of Spain in Mexico City caption attribution description: English: Embassy of Spain in Mexico City Español: Embajada de España en México DF content: This is a list of diplomatic missions in Mexico. There are currently 86 embassies in Mexico City, and many countries maintain consulates and/or consulates-general in many Mexican cities.

title: Mexico–Spain relations section title: Resident diplomatic missions hierarchical section title: Mexico–Spain relations / Resident diplomatic missions caption attribution description: English: Embassy of Spain in Mexico City Español: Embajada de España en México DF content: Mexico-Spain relations refers to the bilateral relations between Mexico and Spain. Like many other Latin American nations, despite having achieved independence, Mexico continues to retain a stable relationship with Spain. Both nations are members of the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the Organization of Ibero-American States.


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title: Arnold Orville Beckman section title: Awards and honors hierarchical section title: Arnold Orville Beckman / Awards and honors caption reference description: National Medal of Technology, awarded to Beckman by President George H. W. Bush, 1989 content: Arnold Orville Beckman was an American chemist, inventor, investor, and philanthropist. While a professor at California Institute of Technology, he founded Beckman Instruments based on his 1934 invention of the pH meter, a device for measuring acidity, later considered to have "revolutionized the study of chemistry and biology". He also developed the DU spectrophotometer, "probably the most important instrument ever developed towards the advancement of bioscience". Beckman funded the first transistor company, thus giving rise to Silicon Valley. After retirement, he and his wife Mabel were numbered among the top philanthropists in the United States.


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title: Woodside, Pennsylvania hierarchical section title: Woodside, Pennsylvania caption reference description: Intersection of Langhorne-Yardley Road and Stony Hill Road caption attribution description: Photo showing Woodside, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place within Lower Makefield Township, Bucks County. Photo was taken along eastbound Langhorne-Yardley Road at Stony Hill Road. caption alt text description: Intersection of Langhorne-Yardley Road and Stony Hill Road content: Woodside is a census-designated place in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,425 at the 2010 census.


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title: Saint Michael in the Catholic Church section title: Churches hierarchical section title: Saint Michael in the Catholic Church / Art and architecture / Churches caption attribution description: Français : Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandie, France). Vue vers l'abbaye. content: Saint Michael the Archangel is referenced in the Old Testament and has been part of Christian teachings since the earliest times. In Catholic writings and traditions he acts as the defender of the Church and chief opponent of Satan, and assists persons at the hour of death.
A widely used "Prayer to Saint Michael" was brought into official use by Pope Leo XIII in 1886 and was recommended by Pope John Paul II in 1994. The feast day of the archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael is September 29.

title: Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey hierarchical section title: Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey caption attribution description: Français : Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandie, France). Vue vers l'abbaye. content: The Mont-Saint-Michel Abbey is an abbey located within the city and island of Mont-Saint-Michel in Lower Normandy, in the department of Manche.
The abbey is an essential part of the structural composition of the town the feudal society constructed. On top, God, the abbey, and monastery; below this, the Great halls, then stores and housing, and at the bottom, fishermen's and farmers' housing.
The abbey has been protected as a French monument historique since 1862. Since 1979, the site as a whole – i.e., the Mont Saint-Michel and its bay – has been a UNESCO world heritage site and is managed by the Centre des monuments nationaux.
With more than 1.335 million visitors in 2010, the abbey is among the most visited cultural sites in France.

title: Gothic cathedrals and churches section title: French regional Gothic - Normandy hierarchical section title: Gothic cathedrals and churches / High Gothic and Rayonnant Gothic - France (Thirteenth Century) / French regional Gothic - Normandy caption attribution description: Français : Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandie, France). Vue vers l'abbaye. content: Gothic cathedrals and churches are religious buildings created in Europe between the mid-12th century and the beginning of the 16th century. The cathedrals are notable particularly for their great height, and their extensive use of stained glass to fill the interiors with light. They were the tallest and largest buildings of their time, and the most prominent examples of Gothic architecture. The appearance of the Gothic Cathedral was not only a revolution in architecture; it also introduced new forms in decoration, sculpture, and art.
Cathedrals were by definition churches where a bishop presided. Abbeys were the churches attached to monasteries. Many smaller parish churches were also built in the Gothic style. The appearance of the great cathedrals in the 12th century was a response to the dramatic increase of population and wealth in some parts of Europe, and the need for larger and more imposing buildings. Technical advances, such an innovative uses of the pointed arch, rib vault and flying buttress, allowed the churches and cathedral to become much taller, stronger, with larger windows and more light.


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title: 1983 in Turkey section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: 1983 in Turkey / Gallery caption attribution description: English: Saadet Aksoy interviewed at Toronto International Film Festival content: Events in the year 1983 in Turkey.

title: Saadet Aksoy hierarchical section title: Saadet Aksoy caption reference description: Saadet Aksoy at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival caption attribution description: English: Saadet Aksoy interviewed at Toronto International Film Festival content: Saadet Işıl Aksoy is a Turkish-born actress, who received critical acclaim with her portrayal of Aska, a red-haired punk trumpet player in Italian actor-director Sergio Castellitto's film Twice Born, in which she co-starred with Penélope Cruz and Emile Hirsch. Christy Lemire described her as "the striking Saadet Aksoy" in her Twice Born review, and film critic David Rooney stated, "Saadet Aksoy brings a subdued fieriness to her scenes as a Bosnian woman" in The Hollywood Reporter. In his article on Variety, Boyd Van Hoeij wrote, "Turkish thesp Saadet Aksoy impresses in a supporting role as a spunky Yugoslav local." about her performance in Twice Born.
Sergio Castellitto explained his first encounter with Aksoy in an article on Vogue Turkey with these words: "Saadet, the first time I met you it was through the internet. I had accidentally 'fallen' on a movie trailer. I actually don’t remember anything of that trailer, of that movie. Yet I remember that I saw a woman turning her head abruptly to the camera, her blue eyes burning everything in that framing, blasting the reverse shot."


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title: K. R. Gowri Amma section title: Minister in the first ministry of Kerala State hierarchical section title: K. R. Gowri Amma / Political life / Minister in the first ministry of Kerala State caption reference description: Council of Ministers (1957 - 59) caption attribution description: English: Kerala Ministers from 1957 EMS Ministry content: K. R. Gowri Amma is an Indian politician from Kerala. She heads the Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy, a political party based in Kerala, India. Prior to the formation of JSS she was a prominent figure in the communist movement in Kerala. She was the first female law student coming from the Ezhava community. She was a Minister in the communist-led Ministries in Kerala in 1957, 1967, 1980, and 1987. She also became a Minister in the Congress-led Cabinet from 2001 to 2006. She is the second longest serving MLA in Kerala Legislative Assembly.

title: T. V. Thomas hierarchical section title: T. V. Thomas caption reference description: Council of Ministers (1957–59); T. V. Thomas is fourth from left caption attribution description: English: Kerala Ministers from 1957 EMS Ministry content: T. V. Thomas was an Indian communist leader from Alleppey, Kerala. He was the Minister for Labour and Transport in the First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry, Minister for Industries in the Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad Ministry and in the Second Achutha Menon Ministry. He was also the Opposition Leader in the Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly.
He entered politics through Travancore State Congress and was its State Committee Member. He later joined the Communist Party of India when it finally took shape in Kerala in the early 1940s. When the Communist Party split in 1964, he chose to remain with the parent party, CPI.
He was one of the first generation trade union leaders in Kerala and was actively involved in the Indian independence movement. He was also instrumental in organizing coir workers and farmers in Alleppey and was the leader of Punnapra-Vayalar uprising. Thomas was a visionary leader and as Minister for Industries, he was responsible for building up infrastructure for the industrial sector in Kerala which had blazed a path of industrialization but unfortunately was not carried forward by the succeeding ministers.

title: First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry hierarchical section title: First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry caption attribution description: English: Kerala Ministers from 1957 EMS Ministry content: The Council of Ministers of Legislative Assembly, Kerala state was the first Council of Ministers, the executive wing of state government, in the Indian state of Kerala. The ministry was led by Communist Party of India leader E. M. S. Namboodiripad from 5 April 1957 to 31 July 1959 and had eleven ministries.
One of the first democratically elected Communist governments in the world after San Marino, Namboodiripad and his cabinet are known for their introduction of the Land Reform Ordinance and the Education Bill. The government was dismissed in 1959 by the Central Government, which invoked the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, following what later became known as The Liberation Struggle.
The State of Kerala was formed on 1 November 1956 as per the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The erstwhile Travancore-Cochin and the Malabar district of Madras state were reorganized to form the state of Kerala. After the first ever elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, the Communist Party of India emerged as the single largest party. E M S Namboodiripad formed the first elected government with the support of 5 independent legislators.


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title: Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala hierarchical section title: Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala caption reference description: The Star Ferry caption attribution description: English: Meridian Star (午星號) [Built 1958] of Star Ferry crossing Victoria Harbour, nearing Wan Chai Ferry Pier, Hong Kong. Type of ship :	Passenger Ship Year of build :	1957 IMO number :	5232725 Gross tonnage :	164 Flag :	Hong Kong, China. Français : Le Meridian Star, de la compagnie Star Ferry traverse le Victoria Harbour vers le quai Wan Chai. Le Meridian Star a été construit en 1958. Hong Kong, Chine. content: Dorabjee Naorojee Mithaiwala was an Indian Parsee businessman in Hong Kong.

title: Kan Yuet-keung section title: Public service hierarchical section title: Kan Yuet-keung / Biography / Public service caption reference description: A cross-harbour Star Ferry caption attribution description: English: Meridian Star (午星號) [Built 1958] of Star Ferry crossing Victoria Harbour, nearing Wan Chai Ferry Pier, Hong Kong. Type of ship :	Passenger Ship Year of build :	1957 IMO number :	5232725 Gross tonnage :	164 Flag :	Hong Kong, China. Français : Le Meridian Star, de la compagnie Star Ferry traverse le Victoria Harbour vers le quai Wan Chai. Le Meridian Star a été construit en 1958. Hong Kong, Chine. content: Sir Yuet-keung Kan GBE JP was a Hong Kong banker, politician and lawyer who was successively appointed Senior Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council and Executive Council in the 1960s and 1970s. He also served as chairman of the Bank of East Asia for 20 years.

title: Star Ferry hierarchical section title: Star Ferry caption reference description: The ferry Meridian Star caption attribution description: English: Meridian Star (午星號) [Built 1958] of Star Ferry crossing Victoria Harbour, nearing Wan Chai Ferry Pier, Hong Kong. Type of ship :	Passenger Ship Year of build :	1957 IMO number :	5232725 Gross tonnage :	164 Flag :	Hong Kong, China. Français : Le Meridian Star, de la compagnie Star Ferry traverse le Victoria Harbour vers le quai Wan Chai. Le Meridian Star a été construit en 1958. Hong Kong, Chine. content: The Star Ferry is a passenger ferry service operator and tourist attraction in Hong Kong. Its principal routes carry passengers across Victoria Harbour, between Hong Kong Island, and Kowloon. The service is operated by the Star Ferry Company, which was founded in 1888 as the Kowloon Ferry Company, and adopted its present name in 1898.
With a fleet of twelve ferries, the company operates two routes across the harbour, carrying over 70,000 passengers per day, or 26 million per year. Even though the harbour is crossed by railway and road tunnels, the Star Ferry continues to provide an inexpensive mode of harbour crossing. The company's main route runs between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui.
It has been rated first in the "Top 10 Most Exciting Ferry Rides" poll by the Society of American Travel Writers in February 2009.

title: Victoria Harbour section title: Transport hierarchical section title: Victoria Harbour / Transport caption reference description: Meridian Star of the Star Ferry crossing Victoria Harbour caption attribution description: English: Meridian Star (午星號) [Built 1958] of Star Ferry crossing Victoria Harbour, nearing Wan Chai Ferry Pier, Hong Kong. Type of ship :	Passenger Ship Year of build :	1957 IMO number :	5232725 Gross tonnage :	164 Flag :	Hong Kong, China. Français : Le Meridian Star, de la compagnie Star Ferry traverse le Victoria Harbour vers le quai Wan Chai. Le Meridian Star a été construit en 1958. Hong Kong, Chine. content: Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour separating Hong Kong Island in the south from the Kowloon Peninsula to the north. The harbour's deep, sheltered waters and strategic location on the South China Sea were instrumental in Hong Kong's establishment as a British colony and its subsequent development as a trading centre.
Throughout its history, the harbour has seen numerous reclamation projects undertaken on both shores, many of which have caused controversy in recent years. Environmental concerns have been expressed about the effects of these expansions, in terms of water quality and loss of natural habitat. It has also been proposed that benefits of land reclamation may be less than the effects of decreased harbour width, affecting the number of vessels passing through the harbour. Nonetheless Victoria Harbour still retains its founding role as a port for thousands of international vessels each year.
The harbour is a major tourist attraction of Hong Kong. Lying in the middle of the territory's dense urban region, the harbour is the site of annual fireworks displays and its promenades are used as gathering places for tourists and residents.


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title: Fisher County, Texas hierarchical section title: Fisher County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Fisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,974. The county seat is Roby. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1886. It is named for Samuel Rhoads Fisher, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and a Secretary of the Navy of the Republic of Texas. Fisher County was one of 30 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in Texas, but is now a fully wet county.
Republican Drew Springer, Jr., a businessman from Muenster in Cooke County, has since January 2013 represented Fisher County in the Texas House of Representatives.
From 1921 to 1925, the Democrat Richard M. Chitwood of Sweetwater represented Fisher County in the state House. He left his post to become the first business manager of Texas Tech University, but died the next year.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Fisher County, Texas hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Fisher County, Texas caption reference description: Location of Fisher County in Texas content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fisher County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fisher County, Texas. There is one property listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted August 23, 2019.


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title: John Fox Jr. hierarchical section title: John Fox Jr. caption reference description: John Fox Jr. in the frontispiece of a 1911 New York publication of Crittenden content: John Fox Jr. was an American journalist, novelist, and short story writer.


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title: Washington County, Texas hierarchical section title: Washington County, Texas caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Texas content: Washington County is a county in Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,718. Its county seat is Brenham, which is located on the Brazos River. The county was created in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837. is named for George Washington, the first president of the United States.
Washington County comprises the Brenham, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Houston-The Woodlands, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Washington-on-the-Brazos in the county is notable as the site of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence during the Convention of 1836. Reflecting the county's history as a destination of mid-19th-century German immigrants who came after the 1848 German revolutions, in the 2000 US Census more than one-third of residents identified as being of German ancestry.
In 2013, the syndicated television series, Texas Country Reporter, hosted by Bob Phillips, declared the highways between Brenham and Chappel Hill as the No. 2 site for the viewing of wildflowers within Texas. The first ranking went to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center in Austin.


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title: Stefanie Gossweiler hierarchical section title: Stefanie Gossweiler caption reference description: Miss Earth Switzerland 2007 caption attribution description: Stefanie Gossweiler Miss Earth Switzerland 2007 content: Stefanie Gossweiler is a model from the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland, who was crowned Miss Earth Switzerland 2007. She competed in the Miss Earth 2007 pageant and finished in the top 8.


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title: William Buckingham Curtis hierarchical section title: William Buckingham Curtis caption reference description: Harry Buermeyer (left) and Bill Curtis (right), c. 1870 caption attribution description: English: Henry Buermeyer (left) with Bill Curtis content: William Buckingham "Father Bill" Curtis was one of the most important proponents of organized athletics in the late 1800s in America. Curtis had a remarkable career as a competitor, official, sports editor, organizer, and administrator. He was known as "Father Bill" in the athletic world. The death of Curtis at the age of 63 while climbing Mount Washington brought forth an outpouring of testimonials from the sports world and recognition as a "father of American amateur athletics".

title: Harry Buermeyer hierarchical section title: Harry Buermeyer caption reference description: Harry Buermeyer (left) and Bill Curtis (right), circa 1870 caption attribution description: English: Henry Buermeyer (left) with Bill Curtis content: Henry Ernest Buermeyer II was an American athlete in the late 1800s and is considered a "father of American athletics" due to his major contributions towards the growth of amateur sports throughout North America. James Edward Sullivan described him as “one of the strongest athletes the world ever had”. After being wounded in the legs twice in the Civil War, Harry won numerous national championships in swimming, running, shot put, and boxing, and he was an avid rower and weightlifter throughout his life.


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title: The Peacock Skirt hierarchical section title: The Peacock Skirt caption reference description: Aubrey Beardsley, The Peacock Skirt, 1893 caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: The Peacock Skirt is an 1893 illustration by Aubrey Beardsley. His original pen and ink drawing was reproduced as a woodblock print in the first English edition of Oscar Wilde's one-act play Salome in 1894. The original drawing was bequeathed by Grenville Lindall Winthrop to the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University in 1943.

title: Decadence section title: Decadence and the arts hierarchical section title: Decadence / Decadence and the arts caption reference description: Aubrey Beardsley's drawings for Salome such as this one are regarded as art that expresses a "decadent" mood caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Decadence means a state in which people are behaving in a way that is regarded by some people as being morally bad. The adjective is 'decadent'. It has nothing to do with the word decade.

title: Fin de siècle hierarchical section title: Fin de siècle caption reference description: Drawing by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play, Salome caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Fin de siècle means turn of the century in French. It is widely used for the time around 1900, but also for the closing of an old era, and the start of a new one.
Fin de siècle is sometimes used to mean the type of art, culture and way of behaving at the end of the nineteenth century.
The end of the 19th century was felt to be a period of degeneration, but at the same time a period of hope for a new beginning.
The "spirit" of fin de siècle often refers to the cultural hallmarks that were recognized as prominent in the 1880s and 1890s, including 'pessimism', and a widespread belief that civilization leads to decadence.
The themes of fin de siècle political culture were very controversial and have been cited as a major influence on fascism. The major political theme of the era was that of revolt against materialism, rationalism, positivism, bourgeois society and liberal democracy.

title: Anglo-Japanese Alliance section title: Effects hierarchical section title: Anglo-Japanese Alliance / Effects caption reference description: The Peacock Skirt, by Aubrey Beardsley, shows significant Japanese influence caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance was an alliance between Britain and Japan, signed in January 1902. The alliance was signed in London at Lansdowne House on 30 January 1902 by Lord Lansdowne, British foreign secretary, and Hayashi Tadasu, Japanese diplomat. A diplomatic milestone that saw an end to Britain's splendid isolation, the alliance was renewed and expanded in scope twice, in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921 and termination in 1923. The main threat for both sides was from Russia. The threat of war with Britain prevented France from joining its ally Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. However, it angered the United States and some British dominions, which were hostile to Japan.

title: Aubrey Beardsley hierarchical section title: Aubrey Beardsley caption reference description: Beardsley drawing for Salome caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Aubrey Beardsley was a English illustrator. He is best known for his drawings for Oscar Wilde's Salome. Beardsley is one of the famous people who appears on the cover of The Beatles, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.

title: Decadent movement section title: The Decadent movement beyond France hierarchical section title: Decadent movement / Influence and legacy / The Decadent movement beyond France caption reference description: Aubrey Beardsley, The Peacock Skirt, illustration for Oscar Wilde's Salome, 1892 caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: The Decadent movement was a late-19th-century artistic and literary movement, centered in Western Europe, that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality. The visual artist Félicien Rops's body of work and Joris-Karl Huysmans's novel Against Nature are considered the prime examples of the decadent movement. It first flourished in France and then spread throughout Europe and to the United States. The movement was characterized by self-disgust, sickness at the world, general skepticism, delight in perversion, and employment of crude humor and a belief in the superiority of human creativity over logic and the natural world. Central to the decadent movement was the view that art is totally opposed to nature in the sense both of biological nature and of the standard, or "natural", norms of morality and sexual behaviour.

title: Aubrey Beardsley section title: Work hierarchical section title: Aubrey Beardsley / Work caption reference description: The Peacock Skirt, 1893 caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Aubrey Vincent Beardsley was an English illustrator and author. His black ink drawings were influenced by Japanese woodcuts, and emphasized the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. He was a leading figure in the aesthetic movement which also included Oscar Wilde and James McNeill Whistler. Beardsley's contribution to the development of the Art Nouveau and poster styles was significant despite his early death from tuberculosis.

title: Salome (play) hierarchical section title: Salome (play) caption reference description: The Peacock Skirt, one of the illustrations Aubrey Beardsley produced for the first English edition of Wilde's play Salome (1894) caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Salome is a tragedy by Oscar Wilde.
The original 1891 version of the play was in French. Three years later an English translation was published. The play tells in one act the Biblical story of Salome, stepdaughter of the tetrarch Herod Antipas, who, to her stepfather's dismay but to the delight of her mother Herodias, requests the head of Jokanaan on a silver platter as a reward for dancing the dance of the seven veils.

title: Salome section title: Salome in the arts hierarchical section title: Salome / Salome in the arts caption reference description: The Peacock Skirt, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play, Salomé, 1896 caption attribution description: English: “The Peacock Skirt”, illustration by Aubrey Beardsley for Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1892) Deutsch: “Der Pfauenrock” content: Salome, the daughter of Herod II and Herodias, is known from accounts in the New Testament, where she appears as an unnamed daughter of Herodias, and an account by Flavius Josephus, where the daughter of Herodias is named Salome. In the New Testament she is mentioned as the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, demanding and receiving the head of John the Baptist. According to Josephus, she was first married to her uncle Philip the Tetrarch, after whose death, she married her cousin Aristobulus of Chalcis, thus becoming queen of Chalcis and Armenia Minor.
The gospel story of her dance at the birthday celebration of her stepfather, who had John the Baptist beheaded at her request, inspired art, literature and music over an extended period of time. Among the paintings are those by Titian and Gustave Moreau. Oscar Wilde's eponymous play, and its subsequent setting by Richard Strauss, are among the literary and musical realisations which endeavoured to portray her. She also appeared in film, for instance in a 1953 Salome movie starring Rita Hayworth in the title role.


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title: 1985 section title: July hierarchical section title: 1985 / Events / July caption reference description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: 1985 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1985th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 985th year of the 2nd millennium, the 85th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1980s decade.
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.

title: Live Aid section title: John F. Kennedy Stadium hierarchical section title: Live Aid / Stages and locations / John F. Kennedy Stadium caption reference description: Stage view of Live Aid at John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: Live Aid was a benefit concert held on Saturday 13 July 1985, as well as an ongoing music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine. Billed as the "global jukebox", the event was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, UK, attended by about 72,000 people, and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, US, attended by exactly 89,484 people.
On the same day, concerts inspired by the initiative were held in other countries, such as the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan, Yugoslavia, Austria, Australia and West Germany. It was one of the largest-scale satellite link-ups and television broadcasts of all time; an estimated audience of 1.9 billion, across 150 nations, watched the live broadcast, nearly 40% of the world population.
The impact of Live Aid on famine relief has been debated for years. One aid relief worker stated that following the publicity generated by the concert, "humanitarian concern is now at the centre of foreign policy" for western governments.

title: Animal Boy section title: Marketing and promotion hierarchical section title: Animal Boy / Marketing and promotion caption reference description: The music video for "Something to Believe In" satirized the 1985 Live Aid benefit concert. Rather than saying "Live Aid" with an image of Africa, the stage in the video says "Ramones Aid" with the band's logo.[7] caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 caption alt text description: An outdoor stage with the a banner bearing the words "Live Aid" above an image of Africa and a large audience many raising their hands content: Animal Boy is the ninth studio album by American punk band the Ramones, released through Sire Records on May 19, 1986. Due to conflicts within the group, the album features less of lead singer Joey Ramone, both in performing and writing, and less performing from guitarist Johnny Ramone. Bassist Dee Dee Ramone wrote and sang more on this album than on previous albums, and Richie Ramone became the first drummer to write songs for the band since Tommy Ramone, the band's original drummer. The album spawned four singles, all of which charted on the UK Singles Chart, as well as other charts. In addition to singles, the band promoted their album using a music video for "Something to Believe In," which parodied the contemporary benefit concert Live Aid and Hands Across America.
Lyrical themes of the album range from band members' frustrations with one another, themselves, and loved ones, to more politically themed songs—a rarity in Ramones music. "My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down" saw the Ramones criticizing U.S. President Ronald Reagan for his controversial visit to a military cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, despite Johnny Ramone disagreeing with the song's message.

title: Ideal (ethics) section title: Overview of idealism in music hierarchical section title: Ideal (ethics) / Instances of morally idealistic views in created media / Idealism in music and other material / Overview of idealism in music caption reference description: JFK Stadium of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania co-hosted the Live Aid concerts of July 13, 1985, the broader event occurring at a social inflection point for idealism in rock.[83] caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: An ideal is a principle or value that an entity actively pursues as a goal and holds above other, more petty concerns perceived as being less meaningful. Terms relating to the general belief in ideals include ethical idealism, moral idealism, and principled idealism. A person with a particular insistence on holding to ideals, often even at considerable cost as a consequence of holding such a belief, is usually called an ethical idealist, moral idealist, principled idealist, or simply an idealist for short. The latter term is not to be confused with metaphysical idealism, a viewpoint about existence and rationality unrelated to the ethical concept. The term ideal is applied not only to individuals but also to organizations large and small from independent churches to social activist groups to political parties to nation states and more. An entity's ideals usually function as a way to set firm guidelines for decision making, with the possibility of having to sacrifice and undergo loss being in the background.

title: New Romantic section title: Decline and revivals hierarchical section title: New Romantic / History / Decline and revivals caption reference description: The Live Aid stage at the JFK Stadium in Philadelphia in July 1985, where Duran Duran played, while Ultravox and Spandau Ballet appeared on the Wembley stage in the UK caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: The New Romantic movement was a pop culture movement that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. The movement emerged from the nightclub scene in London and Birmingham at venues such as Billy's and The Blitz. The New Romantic movement was characterised by flamboyant, eccentric fashion inspired by fashion boutiques such as Kahn and Bell in Birmingham and PX in London. Early adherents of the movement were often referred to by the press by such names as Blitz Kids, New Dandies and Romantic Rebels.
Influenced by David Bowie, Marc Bolan and Roxy Music, the New Romantics developed fashions inspired by the glam rock era coupled with the early Romantic period of the late 18th and early 19th century. The term "New Romantic" is known to having been coined by musician, producer, manager and innovator Richard James Burgess. In response to a question about being credited with coining the term New Romantic in an interview with The Electricity Club, Burgess said: "Initially I was using three terms - Futurist, Electronic Dance Music and New Romantic."

title: 1985 in the United States section title: July hierarchical section title: 1985 in the United States / Events / July caption reference description: July 13: Live Aid in Philadelphia caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: Events from the year 1985 in the United States.

title: 1980s section title: Music hierarchical section title: 1980s / Popular culture / Music caption reference description: Stage view of the Live Aid concert at Philadelphia's JFK Stadium in the United States in 1985. The concert was a major global international effort by musicians and activists to sponsor action to send aid to the people of Ethiopia who were suffering from a major famine. caption attribution description: Live Aid at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, 1985 content: The 1980s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989.
The decade saw major socioeconomic change due to advances in technology and a worldwide move away from planned economies and towards laissez-faire capitalism.
As economic deconstruction increased in the developed world, multiple multinational corporations associated with the manufacturing industry relocated into Thailand, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, and China. Japan and West Germany saw large economic growth during this decade. The AIDS epidemic became recognized in the 1980s and has since killed an estimated 39 million people. Global warming became well known to the scientific and political community in the 1980s.
The United Kingdom and the United States moved closer to supply-side economic policies beginning a trend towards global instability of international trade that would pick up more steam in the following decade as the fall of the USSR made right wing economic policy more powerful.
The final decade of the Cold War opened with the US-Soviet confrontation continuing largely without any interruption.


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title: Norfolk and Western Railway section title: Surviving steam locomotives hierarchical section title: Norfolk and Western Railway / Surviving steam locomotives caption reference description: N&W steam locomotive 1218 photographed on a fan trip in 1987 caption attribution description: Steam 1218 Norfolk Southern US Rail Super Steam Train content: The Norfolk and Western Railway was a US class I railroad, formed by more than 200 railroad mergers between 1838 and 1982. It was headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia, for most of its existence. Its motto was "Precision Transportation"; it had a variety of nicknames, including "King Coal" and "British Railway of America". During the Civil War, the N&W was the largest railroad in the Confederacy and played an important role in moving supplies for the war effort.
The N&W was famous for manufacturing its own steam locomotives, which were built at the Roanoke Shops, as well as its own hopper cars. After 1960, N&W was the last major Class I railroad using steam locomotives; the last remaining Y class 2-8-8-2s would eventually be retired between 1964 and 1965.
In December 1959, the N&W merged with the Virginian Railway, a longtime rival in the Pocahontas coal region. By 1970, other mergers with the Nickel Plate Road and Wabash formed a system that operated 7,595 miles of road on 14,881 miles of track from North Carolina to New York and from Virginia to Iowa.


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title: Ashanti Empire hierarchical section title: Ashanti Empire caption reference description: Map of the Kingdom of Ashanti caption alt text description: Map of the Kingdom of Ashanti content: The Asante Empire was an Akan empire and kingdom from 1701 to 1957, in what is now modern-day Ghana. It expanded from Ashanti to include the Brong-Ahafo Region, Central Region, Eastern Region, Greater Accra Region and Western Region of present-day Ghana. Due to the empire's military prowess, wealth, architecture, sophisticated hierarchy and culture, the Ashanti Kingdom has been extensively studied and has more books written by European, primarily British authors than any other indigenous culture of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Starting in the late 17th century, the Ashanti king Osei Tutu and his adviser Okomfo Anokye established the Ashanti Kingdom, with the Golden Stool of Asante as a sole unifying symbol. Osei Tutu oversaw a massive Ashanti territorial expansion, building up the army by introducing new organisation and turning a disciplined royal and paramilitary army into an effective fighting machine. In 1701, the Ashanti army conquered Denkyira, giving the Ashanti access to the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean coastal trade with Europeans, notably the Dutch.
The Ashanti Empire fought several wars with neighboring kindgoms and lesser organized tribes such as the Fante.

title: History of Ghana section title: Ashanti Empire hierarchical section title: History of Ghana / Ashanti Empire caption reference description: A map of the Ashanti Empire. content: The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval West African Ghana Empire. The empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana. The Empire appears to have broken up following the 1076 conquest by the Almoravid General Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar. A reduced kingdom continued to exist after Almoravid rule ended, and the kingdom was later incorporated into subsequent Sahelian empires, such as the Mali Empire several centuries later. Geographically, the ancient Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles north and west of the modern state of Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali.
Central Sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural expansion marked the period before 500 AD. Farming began earliest on the southern tips of the Sahara, eventually giving rise to village settlements. Toward the end of the classical era, larger regional kingdoms had formed in West Africa, one of which was the Kingdom of Ghana, north of what is today the nation of Ghana.

title: List of conflicts in Ghana section title: Ashanti Empire hierarchical section title: List of conflicts in Ghana / Modern times / Ashanti Empire caption reference description: Map of the Ashanti Empire content: The following is a list of conflicts in Ghana.


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title: Henric Sanielevici section title: Nutrition and human races hierarchical section title: Henric Sanielevici / Work / Aspiring anthropologist / Nutrition and human races caption reference description: Dryopithecus jaw (1893 illustration to Jovan Žujović's Kameno doba) content: Henric Sanielevici was a Romanian journalist and literary critic, also remembered for his work in anthropology, ethnography, sociology and zoology. Initially a militant socialist from the political-philosophical circle of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, he incorporated other influences and, in 1905, created his own literary review, Curentul Nou. Sanielevici and his friend Garabet Ibrăileanu were among the founders of "Poporanism", a peasant-oriented and left-wing movement. However, Sanielevici soon detached himself from both Marxism and agrarianism, criticizing Romanian traditionalist literature, and prophesying a Neoclassicism for the working men. His heated polemic with the rival school of Sămănătorul journal isolated him from the other Poporanists, whom he eventually denounced as "reactionaries". More controversy surrounded his ambiguous attitudes during World War I.
From 1920, Sanielevici was an isolated figure on the left, editing a new version of Curentul Nou and only affiliating with the popular daily Adevărul.


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title: Schoettler I section title: Design and development hierarchical section title: Schoettler I / Design and development caption reference description: Schoettler 1 in 1923 content: The Schoettler I was one of the first aircraft constructed in China, albeit with a German designer. It was a two-seat, single engine biplane, first flown in mid-summer 1923.


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title: Putussibau section title: History hierarchical section title: Putussibau / History caption reference description: A Dutch expedition departing from Putussibau, 1896. content: Putussibau is an Indonesian town in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan. It sits on the river Kapuas, with the main part of the town located on the right banks, or north, of the river. Officially an administrative village within North Putussibau subdistrict, the urban settlement sprawls outside of the primary boundaries to the opposite bank of the river. Official estimates from Statistics Indonesia places the population of the town proper at 12,459 in 2015.
Formerly a remote village prior to its selection as a colonial outpost in 1895, the town grew into its present population acting as a market town far upstream on the Kapuas River. Today, it is the seat and economic center of the regency.


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title: Montgomery Township, New Jersey hierarchical section title: Montgomery Township, New Jersey caption reference description: Rock Brook caption attribution description: English: Winter at the Rock Brook. caption alt text description: Rock Brook content: Montgomery Township is a township in southern Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 22,254, reflecting an increase of 4,773 from the 17,481 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 7,869 from the 9,612 counted in the 1990 Census.
Montgomery Township was incorporated on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature, from what remained of Western precinct. Portions of the township were taken to form Princeton borough, Princeton Township and Rocky Hill.
The township has been one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013–2017, Montgomery Township residents had a median household income of $180,660, ranked 2nd in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, more than double the statewide median of $76,475.

title: Rock Brook hierarchical section title: Rock Brook caption reference description: Rock Brook, in Montgomery Township, Somerset County, New Jersey, U.S. caption attribution description: English: Winter at the Rock Brook. content: Rock Brook is a tributary of Beden Brook in Somerset County, New Jersey in the United States.


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title: 2014 Minnesota House of Representatives election section title: Results hierarchical section title: 2014 Minnesota House of Representatives election / General election / Results caption reference description: Districts won. content: The 2014 Minnesota House of Representatives election was held in the U.S. state of Minnesota on November 4, 2014, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the 89th Minnesota Legislature. A primary election was held in several districts on August 12, 2014.
The Republican Party of Minnesota won a majority of seats, defeating the majority of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party. This was the first election for the DFL since it won a majority of seats in the 2012 election, after losing a majority to the Republicans in the 2010 election. The new Legislature convened on January 6, 2015.


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title: David Littmann hierarchical section title: David Littmann caption reference description: A Littmann stethoscope caption attribution description: 日本語: リットマン製のステートEnglish: an Littmann Stethoscope content: David Littmann, M.D., was an American cardiologist born in Chelsea Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School professor and researcher. The name Littmann is well known in the medical field for the patented Littmann Stethoscope reputed for its acoustic performances for auscultation.
With Gus Machlup, Dr. David Littmann founded Cardiosonics, Inc. to sell his stethoscopes. At that time the stethoscope line consisted of two key models, the doctor's stethoscope and the nurse's stethoscope.
3M acquired the stethoscope company on April 1, 1967, and hired Dr. Littmann as a consultant. 3M currently produces the range of Littmann brand stethoscopes.
The 1960s-era Littman Cardiology 3 stethoscope, which is out of patent, became the basis of a 3D-printed stethoscope developed by Dr. Tarek Loubani and a team of medical and technology specialists as part of the open source Glia project.


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title: List of Pittsburgh Pirates team records section title: Team season records hierarchical section title: List of Pittsburgh Pirates team records / Team season records caption reference description: Brian Giles led the team in home runs in 1999, hitting 39 of the Pirates' franchise record 171 that season.[4] caption attribution description: English: Brian Giles caption alt text description: A baseball player wearing a white uniform standing in the field. content: The Pittsburgh Pirates are a professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They compete in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's National League. Founded in 1882 as Allegheny, the club played in the American Association before moving to the National League in 1887. The list below documents players and teams that hold particular club records.
In 134 seasons from 1882 through 2015, the team has won over 10,000 games and five World Series championships. The team has appeared in 18 postseasons and has won nine league pennants. Roberto Clemente owns the most career batting records with five. Ralph Kiner, Arky Vaughan and Paul Waner each own three single-season batting records. Bob Friend owns the most career pitching records and Ed Morris the most single-season pitching records, both with six.
In their history, the Pittsburgh Pirates have set three Major League Baseball records. In 1912, Chief Wilson hit an MLB-record 36 triples and, on May 30, 1925, the team collectively hit a major league-record eight triples in a single game. In addition, six no-hitters have been thrown in the history of the franchise, with the most recent on July 12, 1997.

title: Brian Giles hierarchical section title: Brian Giles caption reference description: Giles with the San Diego Padres caption attribution description: English: Brian Giles content: Brian Stephen Giles is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. During his career he played for the Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates and San Diego Padres. The left-handed Giles was a two-time All-Star and had a career line of .291/.400/.502 with 287 home runs, 411 doubles, 1,078 runs batted in, and 1,183 walks in 1,847 games.
His younger brother, Marcus Giles, is a former Major League infielder who was most notable for playing with the Atlanta Braves organization.

title: Brian Giles hierarchical section title: Brian Giles caption reference description: Giles with the San Diego Padres caption attribution description: English: Brian Giles content: Brian Stephen Giles is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. During his career he played for the Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates and San Diego Padres. The left-handed Giles was a two-time All-Star and had a career line of .291/.400/.502 with 287 home runs, 411 doubles, 1,078 runs batted in, and 1,183 walks in 1,847 games. Although a bit suspect with the glove, Giles was a do-it-all batter at the plate, posting one of the highest OPS of all-time. During his prime, Giles carried a stagnant Pittsburgh Pirates offense as the main batting prowess outside of Aramis Ramírez in the lineup and posted an OPS over 1. He received MVP votes every year during this time.
Giles was known for his unique, low-crouched batting stance at the plate, similar to Jeff Bagwell.
His younger brother, Marcus Giles, is a former Major League infielder who was most notable for playing with the Atlanta Braves organization.


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title: Oarisma garita hierarchical section title: Oarisma garita caption attribution description: Oarisma garita content: Oarisma garita, the Garita skipperling, western skipperling or Garita skipper, is a North American butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, subfamily Hesperiinae. This skipper ranges southeastern Manitoba to British Columbia and south through the American Midwest as far south as Mexico.


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title: Quebec Nordiques section title: 1980s hierarchical section title: Quebec Nordiques / 1980s caption reference description: The Nordiques warming up before a game in 1986. caption attribution description: Français : Période de réchauffement avant un match des Nordiques de Québec au Colisée de Québec, 1986 content: The Quebec Nordiques were a professional ice hockey team based in Quebec City, Quebec. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League. The franchise was relocated to Denver, Colorado in May 1995 and renamed the Colorado Avalanche. They played their home games at the Colisée de Québec from 1972-1995.
The Nordiques were the only major professional sports team based in Quebec City in the modern era, and one of two ever; the other, the Quebec Bulldogs, played one season in the NHL in 1919–20.

title: Colorado Avalanche section title: Quebec Nordiques (1972–1995) hierarchical section title: Colorado Avalanche / Franchise history / Quebec Nordiques (1972–1995) caption reference description: Quebec Nordiques practicing prior to a game in the 1986–87 season. The Avalanche previously played as the Nordiques from 1972 to 1995. caption attribution description: Français : Période de réchauffement avant un match des Nordiques de Québec au Colisée de Québec, 1986 content: The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver. They compete in the National Hockey League as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference. The Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone; the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone. Their home arena is Pepsi Center, which they share with the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association. Their general manager is Joe Sakic.
The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the charter franchises of the World Hockey Association. The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL–WHA merger. Following the 1994–95 season, they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver.
In the club's first season in Denver, the Avalanche won the Pacific Division and went on to sweep the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup Finals, becoming the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in the season following a relocation. Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues, only the National Football League's 1937 Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat.

title: Quebec Nordiques hierarchical section title: Quebec Nordiques caption reference description: The Quebec Nordiques warming up before a game in 1986 caption attribution description: Français : Période de réchauffement avant un match des Nordiques de Québec au Colisée de Québec, 1986 content: The Quebec Nordiques were a professional ice hockey team from Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The Nordiques played in the World Hockey Association and the National Hockey League. The team moved to Denver, Colorado in 1995 and changed their name to the Colorado Avalanche.
As the value of the Canadian dollar was failing, the Quebec Nordiques were compelled to sell their team. With the salaries of players rising and the arena in need of repairs, the ownership of the Nordiques was sold to a group of investors in Denver, Colorado. To make matters worse, during their first season in Colorado, the former Nordiques, now Colorado Avalanche, won the Stanley Cup.


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title: Gaflenz hierarchical section title: Gaflenz caption reference description: Southwest view of Gaflenz caption attribution description: Deutsch: Südwestansicht der oberösterreichischen Marktgemeinde Gaflenz. caption alt text description: Southwest view of Gaflenz content: Gaflenz is a market town in the Steyr-Land district of the Austrian state of Upper Austria. It is known for its saws and its gothic-style St. Andreas Parish Church, established in 1494.


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title: 2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota hierarchical section title: 2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota caption reference description: Map of Minnesota showing all eight districts, as apportioned for Representatives elected in the elections of 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010 content: The 2002 congressional elections in Minnesota were held on November 5, 2002 to determine who would represent the state of Minnesota in the United States House of Representatives.
Minnesota had eight seats in the House, and the 2002 congressional election was the first held pursuant to the apportionment made according to the 2000 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms; those elected served in the 108th Congress from January 3, 2003 until January 3, 2005. The election coincided with a U.S. Senate election and a gubernatorial election. DFLer Bill Luther, formerly of the 6th congressional district, who was redistricted into the 2nd congressional district, was the only incumbent in Minnesota's House delegation who failed to win reelection.


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title: Dolní Třebonín hierarchical section title: Dolní Třebonín caption reference description: Central part of the village caption attribution description: Čeština: Křižovatka ve vesnici Dolní Třebonín This file was created as a part of the photographic program of Wikimedia Czech Republic. Project: Fotíme Česko The program supports Wikimedia Commons photographers in the Czech Republic. caption alt text description: Central part of the village content: Dolní Třebonín is a village and municipality in Český Krumlov District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.
The municipality covers an area of 20.43 square kilometres, and has a population of 1,197.
Dolní Třebonín lies approximately 9 kilometres north-east of Český Krumlov, 14 km south of České Budějovice, and 137 km south of Prague.


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title: 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA–CONMEBOL play-off) hierarchical section title: 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA–CONMEBOL play-off) caption reference description: Soldiers at the Estadio Nacional in September 1973 during its use as a concentration camp caption attribution description: Español: En 1973, luego del Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre que derrocó al presidente Salvador Allende, se utilizaron las instalaciones del Estadio Nacional como centro de detención y torturas a partir del 12 de septiembre de 1973. En el recinto pasaron en calidad de detenidos más de cuarenta mil personas. Imagen del libro Chile: el pueblo vencerá de Alcira de la Peña. Ed. Fundamentos, Buenos Aires, 1974 content: The 1973 play-off for a place in the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany, between the national football teams of the Soviet Union and Chile, is notable for the political circumstances that marked the second leg of the play-off on 21 November 1973. It was scheduled to take place in the Estadio Nacional de Chile in Santiago, the Chilean capital. There had been a coup d'état in Chile two months before, immediately after which people deemed undesirable to the new regime of Augusto Pinochet had been held captive and executed in the stadium. The Soviet Union asked FIFA to find a different venue in Chile; when agreement could not be reached, the Soviet team did not take the field and was disqualified from the tournament, giving the Chilean team a victory by walkover. However, the match was still organised by FIFA as normal, but without any away team present. Chile scored 1–0 in an empty goal, and then the referee blew the game off. Chile advanced to the 1974 World Cup, where they were eliminated in the first round.

title: 1973 Chilean coup d'état section title: Casualties hierarchical section title: 1973 Chilean coup d'état / Casualties caption reference description: The facilities of the National Stadium were used as a detention and torture center after the coup. caption attribution description: Español: En 1973, luego del Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre que derrocó al presidente Salvador Allende, se utilizaron las instalaciones del Estadio Nacional como centro de detención y torturas a partir del 12 de septiembre de 1973. En el recinto pasaron en calidad de detenidos más de cuarenta mil personas. Imagen del libro Chile: el pueblo vencerá de Alcira de la Peña. Ed. Fundamentos, Buenos Aires, 1974 content: The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a military coup in Chile that deposed the Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende. On 11 September 1973, after an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition-controlled Congress and the socialist President, as well as economic warfare ordered by U.S President Richard Nixon, a group of military officers led by General Augusto Pinochet and Admiral José Toribio Merino seized power in a coup, ending civilian rule.
The military established a junta that suspended all political activity in Chile and repressed left-wing movements, especially communist and socialist parties and the Revolutionary Left Movement. Pinochet rose to supreme power within a year of the coup and was formally declared President of Chile in late 1974. The Nixon administration, which had worked to create the conditions for the coup, promptly recognized the junta government and supported it in consolidating power.
During the air raids and ground attacks that preceded the coup, Allende gave his final speech, vowing to stay in the presidential palace and refusing offers of safe passage should he choose exile over confrontation.

title: Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) section title: Economy and free market reforms hierarchical section title: Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990) / Economy and free market reforms caption reference description: Estadio Nacional de Chile as a concentration camp after the coup. caption attribution description: Español: En 1973, luego del Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre que derrocó al presidente Salvador Allende, se utilizaron las instalaciones del Estadio Nacional como centro de detención y torturas a partir del 12 de septiembre de 1973. En el recinto pasaron en calidad de detenidos más de cuarenta mil personas. Imagen del libro Chile: el pueblo vencerá de Alcira de la Peña. Ed. Fundamentos, Buenos Aires, 1974 content: The military dictatorship of Chile was a right-wing authoritarian military regime that ruled Chile for seventeen years, between September 11, 1973 and March 11, 1990. The dictatorship was established after the democratically-elected socialist government of Salvador Allende was overthrown in a US-backed coup d'état on 11 September 1973. During this time, the country was ruled by a military junta headed by General Augusto Pinochet. The military used the alleged breakdown of democracy and the economic crisis that took place during Allende's presidency to justify its seizure of power. The dictatorship presented its mission as a "national reconstruction." The coup was the result of multiple forces, including pressure from conservative and women's groups, certain political parties, union strikes and other domestic unrest, as well as international factors. According to an article written by lifelong CIA operative Jack Devine, although it was widely reported that the CIA was directly involved in orchestrating and carrying out the coup, subsequently released sources suggest a much reduced role of the US government.

title: Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos section title: Use as a detention center hierarchical section title: Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos / History / Use as a detention center caption reference description: Estadio Nacional de Chile after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état caption attribution description: Español: En 1973, luego del Golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre que derrocó al presidente Salvador Allende, se utilizaron las instalaciones del Estadio Nacional como centro de detención y torturas a partir del 12 de septiembre de 1973. En el recinto pasaron en calidad de detenidos más de cuarenta mil personas. Imagen del libro Chile: el pueblo vencerá de Alcira de la Peña. Ed. Fundamentos, Buenos Aires, 1974 content: Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos is the national stadium of Chile, and is located in the Ñuñoa district of Santiago. It is the largest stadium in Chile with an official capacity of 48,665. It is part of a 62 hectare sporting complex which also features tennis courts, an aquatics center, a modern gymnasium, a velodrome, a BMX circuit, and an assistant ground/warmup athletics track.
Construction began in February 1937 and the stadium was inaugurated on December 3, 1938. The architecture was based on the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany. The stadium was one of the venues for the FIFA World Cup in 1962, and hosted the final where Brazil defeated Czechoslovakia 3-1. In 1948, the stadium hosted the matches of the South American Championship of Champions, the competition that inspired the creation of the UEFA Champions League and of the Copa Libertadores. The stadium was notoriously used as a prison camp and torture facility by the military regime following the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.
In 2009, a complete modernization plan was unveiled for the stadium and surrounding facilities. President Michelle Bachelet said it would become the most modern stadium in South America.


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title: Tamariba Club hierarchical section title: Tamariba Club caption reference description: Tamariba club (red) vs. Mitaka Allcomers, semi-final of the All-Japan clubs tournament, Honjo Stadium, January 14, 2008 caption attribution description: English: Tamariba club (red) vs. Mitaka Allcomers at Honjo stadium, Kitakyushu in the semi-final of the All-Japan Rugby Clubs Tournament content: Tamariba Club is a rugby union club in Tokyo, so-called because it is located near the Tama River. It has been in existence since 2000, and has also been the top club side in Japan for most of that time. Most of the players are former members of Waseda University Rugby Football Club and Keio University Rugby Football Club.


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title: Kontakaiika section title: Castle hierarchical section title: Kontakaiika / Castle caption reference description: Mountain near the village caption attribution description: English: Mountain near the village content: Kontakaiika is a Greek village in the northwestern part of Samos, 5 km from Karlovasi. The village belongs to the prefecture of Samos. According to the 2011 census, the village has 962 inhabitants.


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title: Royal Bank of Queensland, Lowood hierarchical section title: Royal Bank of Queensland, Lowood caption reference description: Former Royal Bank of Queensland, 2009 caption attribution description: English: Dental Surgery (2009) content: The Royal Bank of Queensland is a heritage-listed former bank at 12 Railway Street, Lowood, Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1901 to 1917. It is also known as Bank of Queensland Ltd, National Bank of Australasia, and now as a dental surgery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.