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title: TY-90 section title: Specifications hierarchical section title: TY-90 / Specifications caption reference description: FL-3000N ship self-defense missile weapon system content: TY-90 is a Chinese air-to-air missile specifically developed for attack helicopter dogfights. Contrary to the erroneous claims, the missile is not developed from MANPADS missiles such as QW-1 Vanguard, but instead it is designed as an air-to-air missile from the start. It is the world's first helicopter-specific air-to-air missile. Later, it was further developed into a surface-to-air version.


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title: Forrest County, Mississippi hierarchical section title: Forrest County, Mississippi caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Mississippi content: Forrest County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 74,934 people lived there. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg.

title: Forrest County, Mississippi hierarchical section title: Forrest County, Mississippi caption reference description: Location within the U.S. state of Mississippi content: Forrest County is located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,934. Its county seat and largest city is Hattiesburg. The county was created from Perry County in 1908 and named in honor of Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Confederate general in the American Civil War and early member of the first Ku Klux Klan.
Forrest County is part of the Hattiesburg, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Forrest County, Mississippi hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Forrest County, Mississippi caption reference description: Location of Forrest County in Mississippi content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Forrest County, Mississippi.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Forrest County, Mississippi, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted May 3, 2019.


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title: Frankston, Victoria section title: War-time hierarchical section title: Frankston, Victoria / History / 20th century / War-time caption reference description: The former Frankston Yacht Club house in the 1940s. content: Frankston is a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, in the local government area of the City of Frankston. It is located 41 km south-east of the Melbourne city centre, north of the Mornington Peninsula. Due to its geographic location, it is often referred to as "the gateway to the Mornington Peninsula".
European settlement of Frankston began around the same time as the foundation of Melbourne in 1835—initially as an unofficial fishing village serving the early Melbourne township. Prior to its settlement, the Frankston area was primarily inhabited by the Mayone-bulluk clan from the Bunurong tribe of the Kulin nation. The official village of Frankston was established in 1854, with its first land sales taking place on 29 May. It has subsequently given its name to the broader Frankston local government area since 1893, and serves as both its activity and administrative centre.
Situated on the eastern shoreline of Port Phillip, Frankston has been a popular seaside destination of Melbourne since the 1880s. Frankston Beach is still one of the most frequented in Victoria, and is recognised as one of the cleanest in Australia.


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title: List of county courthouses in Missouri hierarchical section title: List of county courthouses in Missouri caption attribution description: English: Adair County Missouri Courthouse content: This is a list of county courthouses in the U.S. state of Missouri. Each county in Missouri has a city that is the county seat where the county government resides, including a county courthouse.
Federal courthouses in Missouri are not listed here.

title: Adair County Courthouse (Missouri) hierarchical section title: Adair County Courthouse (Missouri) caption reference description: Adair County Courthouse, October 2014 caption attribution description: English: Adair County Missouri Courthouse content: Adair County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Kirksville, Adair County, Missouri. It was built in 1898, and is a three-story, Richardsonian Romanesque style rectangular building. It is constructed of rusticated stone, and has a medium composition hipped roof. It has four gables, four hipped dormers, and features four corner pavilions with pyramidal roofs. It features large Roman entrance arches supported by pairs of short, thick colonnettes of polished granite.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

title: Adair County, Missouri hierarchical section title: Adair County, Missouri caption reference description: Adair County Courthouse in Kirksville caption attribution description: English: Adair County Missouri Courthouse caption alt text description: Adair County Courthouse in Kirksville content: Adair County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 25,607. Its county seat is Kirksville. The county was first settled by immigrants from Kentucky and organized on January 29, 1841.
Adair County comprises the Kirksville, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.


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title: Macroom section title: The Gearagh hierarchical section title: Macroom / Economy / Tourism / The Gearagh caption reference description: The Gearagh, a submerged oakwood forest 1.5 km east of the town caption attribution description: The Gearagh content: Macroom is a market town in County Cork, Ireland which formed in the valley of the River Sullane, about halfway between Cork city and Killarney. Its Irish Gaelic may translate as "meeting place of followers of the god Crom" or "crooked oak", the latter a reference to a large oak tree that apparently grew in the town-square during the reign of King John. Its population has grown and receded over the centuries as it went through periods of war, famine and workhouses, forced emigration and intermittent prosperity. The 2016 census recorded an urban population of 3,765 people. Macroom is part of the Cork North-West.
Macroom began as a meeting place for the Druids of Munster. It is first mentioned is in 6th-century records, and the immediate area hosted a major battle c. 987 involving the Irish king Brian Boru. During the middle ages, the town was invaded by a succession of warring clans, including the Murcheatach Uí Briain and Richard de Cogan families. In the early modern period the MacCarthy's took control and later the area found prosperity via milling. The MacCarthys built a series of tower houses, many of which survive.

title: The Gearagh hierarchical section title: The Gearagh caption reference description: The Gearagh, Macroom, County Cork, Ireland caption attribution description: The Gearagh content: The Gearagh is a submerged glacial woodland and nature reserve two kilometres southwest of Macroom, County Cork, Ireland. It is located at the point where the River Lee descends from the mountains and widens at an alluvial plain, and stretches for roughly five kilometres, bounded by the townlands of Toonsbridge, Illaunmore and Anahala.
It was until recently densely populated with ancient oak trees and the last surviving full oak forest in western Europe.
Its Irish name, An Gaoire, is derived from the Irish word Gaorthadh, roughly the Wooden River. It was flooded in 1954 to facilitate the building of two hydro-electric dams in Carrigadrohid and Inniscarra, which provide electricity for the nearby city of Cork. The area is now part of the plants' upper reservoir. The development required the flooding of the region; consequently, hundreds of trees were felled and many people were relocated. Many of the trees were centuries old and had grown since the medieval period. Today only their stumps survive, in flood land, giving the area a ghostly and almost lunar appearance.


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title: List of mammals of South Korea hierarchical section title: List of mammals of South Korea caption reference description: Once common throughout Korea, the Amur leopard is now extinct in South Korea. caption attribution description: A photograph of a Amur Leoparden (Panthera pardus orientalis en ) walking forward. Picture taken at and identified by the Philadelphia Zoo. Čeština: Levhart mandžuský ze Zoo ve Filadelfii Camera and Exposure Details: Camera: Nikon D50 Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G Exposure: 55mm (82.5mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5.6 @ 1/125 s. content: This is a list of the mammal species recorded in South Korea. There are eighty-four mammal species in South Korea, of which six are endangered, six are vulnerable, and two are near threatened. One of the species listed for South Korea is considered to be extinct. The national animal of South Korea is the Siberian tiger.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

title: List of mammals of Korea hierarchical section title: List of mammals of Korea caption reference description: The Amur leopard was one of the most abundant large carnivores in the Korean peninsula. However, they are extremely rare in North Korea. caption attribution description: A photograph of a Amur Leoparden (Panthera pardus orientalis en ) walking forward. Picture taken at and identified by the Philadelphia Zoo. Čeština: Levhart mandžuský ze Zoo ve Filadelfii Camera and Exposure Details: Camera: Nikon D50 Lens: Nikon Nikkor ED AF-S DX 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G Exposure: 55mm (82.5mm in 35mm equivalent) f/5.6 @ 1/125 s. content: Approximately 100 species of mammal are known to inhabit, or to have recently inhabited, the Korean Peninsula and its surrounding waters. This includes a few species that were introduced in the 20th century; the coypu was introduced for farming in the 1990s, and the muskrat was introduced in the early 20th century into the Russian Far East and was subsequently first recorded in Korea in the Tumen River basin in 1965. The Siberian tiger is the national animal of the South Korea. The Siberian tiger and Amur leopard have probably been extirpated from Korea, but are still included in standard lists of Korean mammals. However, the tigers and other large carnivores in Korea were hunted into extinction by the Japanese during the Japanese occupation.
Most Korean mammal species are found only in a small part of Korea. The large southeastern island of Jeju, and the rugged northeastern Paektu Mountain region, are particularly known for their distinctive mammal species. Several species, including the Dsinezumi shrew, are found only on Jeju, while many other species, such as the wild boar, are absent or extirpated from there.


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title: United Nations Memorial Cemetery section title: Memorials hierarchical section title: United Nations Memorial Cemetery / Memorials caption reference description: April 1951 – a Korean girl places a wreath of flowers while an honour guard present arms at the United Nations cemetery in Busan. content: The United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea, located at Tanggok in the Nam District, City of Busan, Republic of Korea, is a burial ground for United Nations Command casualties of the Korean War. It contains 2,300 graves and is the only United Nations cemetery in the world. Laid out over 14 hectares, the graves are set out in 22 sites designated by the nationalities of the buried servicemembers.

title: United Nations Security Council Resolution 85 hierarchical section title: United Nations Security Council Resolution 85 caption reference description: United Nations Memorial Cemetery, Pusan, South Korea content: United Nations Security Council Resolution 85, adopted on July 31, 1950, was the United Nations Security Council resolution which authorised the United Nations Command under General Douglas MacArthur to support the Korean civilian population, and requested that specialized agencies, appropriate subsidiary bodies of the UN and appropriate non-governmental organizations support the UN Command in doing so. It was adopted at the 479th meeting after United Nations Security Council Resolution 84 was passed creating the unified command under General MacArthur.
The resolution was adopted with nine votes; the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia abstained. The Soviet Union was not present when voting took place. With their non-presence the Soviet Union protested against the non-recognition of the new regime of the People's Republic of China.


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title: Night in paintings (Western art) section title: Famous examples hierarchical section title: Night in paintings (Western art) / Famous examples caption reference description: Rembrandt, The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: The depiction of night in paintings is common in Western art. Paintings that feature a night scene as the theme may be religious or history paintings, genre scenes, portraits, landscapes, or other subject types. Some artworks involve religious or fantasy topics using the quality of dim night light to create mysterious atmospheres. The source of illumination in a night scene—whether it is the moon or an artificial light source—may be depicted directly, or it may be implied by the character and coloration of the light that reflects from the subjects depicted.

title: 17th century hierarchical section title: 17th century caption reference description: The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Oil on canvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601, to December 31, 1700. It falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and in that continent was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. The greatest military conflicts were the Thirty Years' War, the Great Turkish War, Mughal–Safavid Wars, Mughal-Maratha Wars, and the Dutch-Portuguese War. It was during this period also that European colonization of the Americas began in earnest, including the exploitation of the silver deposits, which resulted in bouts of inflation as wealth was drawn into Europe.
In the Islamic world, the gunpowder empires – the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal – grew in strength.

title: Peter Greenaway section title: Nine Classical Paintings Revisited hierarchical section title: Peter Greenaway / Career / Nine Classical Paintings Revisited caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Peter Greenaway, CBE is a British film director, screenwriter, and artist. His films are noted for the distinct influence of Renaissance and Baroque painting, and Flemish painting in particular. Common traits in his film are the scenic composition and illumination and the contrasts of costume and nudity, nature and architecture, furniture and people, sexual pleasure and painful death.

title: Night Watch (Discworld) section title: Background and publication hierarchical section title: Night Watch (Discworld) / Background and publication caption reference description: The book's cover parodies Rembrandt's The Night Watch. caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Night Watch is a fantasy novel by British writer Terry Pratchett, the 29th book in his Discworld series, published in 2002. The protagonist of the novel is Sir Samuel Vimes, commander of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch. A five-part radio adaptation of the novel was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Night Watch placed second in the annual Locus Poll for best fantasy novel.

title: Baroque painting hierarchical section title: Baroque painting caption reference description: Rembrandt van Rijn, The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642, oil on canvas, 363 cm × 437 cm (143 in × 172 in), Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. The painting is a classic example of Baroque art. caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Baroque painting is the painting associated with the Baroque cultural movement. The movement is often identified with Absolutism, the Counter Reformation and Catholic Revival, but the existence of important Baroque art and architecture in non-absolutist and Protestant states throughout Western Europe underscores its widespread popularity.
Baroque painting encompasses a great range of styles, as most important and major painting during the period beginning around 1600 and continuing throughout the 17th century, and into the early 18th century is identified today as Baroque painting. In its most typical manifestations, Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich, deep colour, and intense light and dark shadows, but the classicism of French Baroque painters like Poussin and Dutch genre painters such as Vermeer are also covered by the term, at least in English.

title: Symphony No. 7 (Mahler) section title: Nachtmusik I hierarchical section title: Symphony No. 7 (Mahler) / Structure / Nachtmusik I caption reference description: The Night Watch by Rembrandt. Mahler compared the first Nachtmusik with this painting. caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Symphony No. 7 by Gustav Mahler was written in 1904–05, with repeated revisions to the scoring. It is sometimes referred to by the title Song of the Night, which Mahler never knew. Although the symphony is often described as being in the key of E minor, its tonal scheme is more complicated. The symphony's first movement moves from B minor to E minor, and the work ends with a rondo finale in C major. Thus, as Dika Newlin has pointed out, "in this symphony Mahler returns to the ideal of 'progressive tonality' which he had abandoned in the Sixth". The complexity of the work's tonal scheme was analysed in terms of "interlocking structures" by Graham George.

title: Nightwatching section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Nightwatching / Gallery caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Nightwatching is a 2007 film about the artist Rembrandt and the creation of his painting The Night Watch. The film is directed by Peter Greenaway and stars Martin Freeman as Rembrandt, with Eva Birthistle as his wife Saskia van Uylenburg, Jodhi May as his lover Geertje Dircx, and Emily Holmes as his other lover Hendrickje Stoffels. Reinier van Brummelen is the director of photography. James Willcock, known for his esoteric sets, is the art director.
The film is described by co-producer Jean Labadie as "a return to the Greenaway of The Draughtsman's Contract." It features Greenaway's trademark neoclassical compositions and graphic sexuality. The music is by Włodek Pawlik. The film premiered in competition, at the Venice Film Festival.
Nightwatching is the first feature in Greenaway's film series "Dutch Masters". The following film in the series is Goltzius and the Pelican Company.
An associated work by the same director is the documentary film Rembrandt's J'Accuse, in which Greenaway addresses 34 "mysteries" associated with the painting, illustrated by scenes from the drama.

title: Dutch Golden Age section title: Causes of the Golden Age hierarchical section title: Dutch Golden Age / Causes of the Golden Age caption reference description: Rembrandt The Night Watch (1642) caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: The Dutch Golden Age was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the era from 1581 to 1672, in which Dutch trade, science, and art and the Dutch military were among the most acclaimed in the world. The first section is characterized by the Eighty Years' War, which ended in 1648. The Golden Age continued in peacetime during the Dutch Republic until the end of the century.
The transition by the Netherlands to becoming the foremost maritime and economic power in the world has been called the "Dutch Miracle" by historian K. W. Swart.

title: Rembrandt section title: The Night Watch hierarchical section title: Rembrandt / Works / The Night Watch caption reference description: The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Oil on canvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a Dutch draughtsman, painter, and printmaker. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history. Unlike most Dutch masters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of style and subject matter, from portraits and self-portraits to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, and biblical and mythological themes as well as animal studies. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age, when Dutch art, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative and gave rise to important new genres. Like many artists of the Dutch Golden Age, such as Jan Vermeer of Delft, Rembrandt was also an avid art collector and dealer.
Rembrandt never went abroad, but he was considerably influenced by the work of the Italian masters and Netherlandish artists who had studied in Italy, like Pieter Lastman, the Utrecht Caravaggists, Flemish Baroque, and Peter Paul Rubens.

title: Nocturne (painting) hierarchical section title: Nocturne (painting) caption reference description: Rembrandt, The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven content: Nocturne painting is a term coined by James Abbott McNeill Whistler to describe a painting style that depicts scenes evocative of the night or subjects as they appear in a veil of light, in twilight, or in the absence of direct light. In a broader usage, the term has come to refer to any painting of a night scene, or night-piece, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch.
Whistler used the term within the title of his works to represent paintings with a "dreamy, pensive mood" by applying a musical name. He also titled works using other terms associated with music, such as a "symphony", "harmony", "study" or "arrangement", to emphasize the tonal qualities and the composition and to de-emphasize the narrative content. The use of the term "nocturne" can be associated with the Tonalism movement of the American of the late 19th century and early 20th century which is "characterized by soft, diffused light, muted tones and hazy outlined objects, all of which imbue the works with a strong sense of mood." Along with winter scenes, nocturnes were a common Tonalist theme. Frederic Remington used the term as well for his nocturne scenes of the American Old West.

title: Visual arts section title: The Renaissance hierarchical section title: Visual arts / Painting / The Renaissance caption reference description: Rembrandt: The Night Watch, 1642 caption attribution description: Frans Banning Cocq, heer van purmerlant en Ilpendam, Capiteijn Willem van Ruijtenburch van Vlaerdingen, heer van Vlaerdingen, Luijtenant, Jan Visscher Cornelisen Vaendrich, Rombout Kemp Sergeant, Reijnier Engelen Sergeant, Barent Harmansen, Jan Adriaensen Keyser, Elbert Willemsen, Musketier Jan Clasen Leydeckers (behind the Lieutenant in Yellow blowing into the powder pan of a musket which once belonged to Jan Snedeker), Jan Ockersen, Jan Pietersen bronchorst, Harman Iacobsen wormskerck, Jacob Dirksen de Roy (the Governor on far left of the cut off section of the painting), Jan vander heede, Walich Schellingwou, Jan brugman, Claes van Cruysbergen, Paulus Schoonhoven caption alt text description: Rembrandt painting Night Watch two men striding forward with a crowd content: The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.
Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied or decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts and not the decorative arts, craft, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.


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title: Chitradurga Fort section title: Gallery hierarchical section title: Chitradurga Fort / Gallery caption attribution description: English: General view inside Fort, with Europeans and party posed in foreground, Chitradurga content: Chitradurga Fort or as the British called it Chitaldoorg, is a fortification that straddles several hills and a peak overlooking a flat valley in the Chitradurga District, Karnataka, India. The fort's name Chitrakaldurga, which means 'picturesque fort' in Kannada, is the namesake of the town Chitradurga and its administrative district.
The fort was built in stages between the 11th and 13th centuries by the dynastic rulers of the region including the Chalukyas and Hoysalas, later the Nayakas of Chitradurga of the Vijayanagar Empire. The Nayakas of Chitradurga, or Palegar Nayakas, were most responsible for the expansion of the fort between the 15th and 18th centuries. The fort was taken over for a short while by Hyder Ali at Chitradurga in 1779. The fort was captured by the British forces twenty years later, when they defeated his son Tipu Sultan. The fort is built in a series of seven concentric fortification walls with various passages, a citadel, masjid, warehouses for grains and oil, water reservoirs and ancient temples. There are 18 temples in the upper fort and one huge temple in the lower fort. Among these temples, the oldest and most interesting is the Hidimbeshwara temple.


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title: Hooghoudt (distillery) hierarchical section title: Hooghoudt (distillery) caption reference description: Advertisement for Hooghoudt caption attribution description: Frysk: Ljochtreklame foar Hooghoudt op it gebou fan Vindicat oan de Grutte Merke yn Grins.Nederlands: Lichtreclame voor Hooghoudt op het gebouw van Vindicat aan de Grote Markt in Groningen. content: Hooghoudt is a Gronings producer of several alcoholic beverages. The company was founded in 1888. Hooghoudt's products include genever, vodka and beerenburg.


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title: Ben Gollings hierarchical section title: Ben Gollings caption reference description: Gollings in Fiji (2013) caption attribution description: English: Ben Gollings at the 2013 Coral Coast 7's in Fiji yesterday (cropped) content: Ben Gollings is an English former rugby union player who currently works as a rugby coach. Gollings is best known for his time with the England national rugby sevens team. He is the career leader in points scored on the World Rugby Sevens Series with 2,652 points.


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title: California's 26th congressional district section title: Historical district boundaries hierarchical section title: California's 26th congressional district / Historical district boundaries caption reference description: 2003 - 2013 content: California 26th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California currently represented by Democrat Julia Brownley.
The district is located on the South Coast, comprising most of Ventura County as well as a small portion of Los Angeles County. Cities in the district include Camarillo, Oxnard, Santa Paula, Thousand Oaks, Westlake Village, Moorpark, most of Ventura, and part of Simi Valley.
From 2003 to 2013, the district spanned the foothills of the San Gabriel Valley from La Cañada Flintridge to Rancho Cucamonga. David Dreier, a Republican, represented the district during this period.


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title: Harry Watrous section title: Sherwood studio; friendship with Blakelock hierarchical section title: Harry Watrous / Personal life / Sherwood studio; friendship with Blakelock caption reference description: The studio of Harry Watrous, c. 1895[87] content: Harry Willson Watrous was an American artist who received an academic education in France. His paintings included genre scenes, stylized figural works, landscapes, nocturnes, portraits, and still lifes. His 1913 painting The Drop Sinister has been called the first known portrait of an American interracial family. He is perhaps best known for his enigmatic paintings of sophisticated women, often darkly dressed and seen in profile.


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title: Operation Olive Branch section title: Aftermath hierarchical section title: Operation Olive Branch / SDF insurgency / Aftermath caption reference description: Situation in Afrin canton, late-March 2018 content: Operation Olive Branch was a cross-border military operation conducted by the Turkish Armed Forces and Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army in the majority-Kurdish Afrin District of northwest Syria. The air war and use of major artillery ended as the Arab and Turkmen militias of the TFSA entered the city of Afrin on 18 March 2018, and the insurgency phase began.
By March 2018, pro-Shia news reported that the United Nations had counted 167,000 refugees in nearby camps; the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights later estimated that a total of 300,000 Kurdish people had been displaced. In the aftermath of the conflict, Turkish forces implemented a resettlement policy by moving refugees from Eastern Ghouta into the newly-empty homes. Many houses, farms, and other private property belonging to those that fled the conflict have been seized or looted by the TFSA. In a study of 24 key informants from Afrin, all reported loss of housing, land or property following Operation Olive Branch.


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title: Beatrice Collenette hierarchical section title: Beatrice Collenette caption reference description: Beatrice Collenette, from a 1921 publication. content: Beatrice Collenette was a Guernsey-born American dancer and dance educator, founder of the Collenette School of Dancing in Pasadena, California in 1926. She was a protegée of Anna Pavlova and the first ballet teacher of Twyla Tharp.


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title: Perambalur Buddhas section title: History hierarchical section title: Perambalur Buddhas / History caption reference description: Image of the shrine caption attribution description: English: Temple content: The Perambalur Buddhas are a set of historic Buddhist images found in Thiyaganur, a village in salem district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. There are two 6 ft images of Buddha in sitting posture, one of which is enshrined in a small temple and various other images scattered in the village. The temple is the only extant Buddhist temple in the state. One of the images in a private farm was later housed in a meditation hall built during 2013 with the help of public contributions. Historians identify the images to the 11th century. With the presence of the images, Thyaganur is counted among Madurai, Kanchipuram, Nagapattinam, Uraiyur, Kaveripattinam and Perambalur among famous Buddhist centres in Tamil Nadu. The villagers administer the temple and practise worship similar to Hindu worship practises.

title: Thiyaganur section title: About the village hierarchical section title: Thiyaganur / About the village caption reference description: Buddha Temple caption attribution description: English: Temple content: Thiyaganur is a small village in Talaivasal taluk in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The major occupation of the people living at this place is agriculture. In 2011 it had a population of 2372.


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title: List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA section title: Deputy administrators hierarchical section title: List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA / Deputy administrators caption attribution description: English: Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. caption alt text description: Aaron Cohen content: The administrators and deputy administrators of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States Federal Government. The administrator serves as the senior space science advisor to the President of the United States. According to NASA, the role of the administrator is to "lead the NASA team and manage its resources to advance the Vision for Space Exploration." The deputy administrator of NASA "serves as the agency’s second in command and is responsible to the administrator for providing overall leadership, planning, and policy direction for the agency. They represent NASA to the Executive Office of the President, Congress, heads of federal and other appropriate government agencies, international organizations, and external organizations and communities. They also oversee the day to day work of NASA’s functional offices, such as the Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of General Counsel and Strategic Communications", according to NASA.
The first administrator of NASA was Dr. T. Keith Glennan; during his term he brought together the disparate projects in space development research in the US.

title: Roger W. Jones Award for Executive Leadership section title: Award recipients hierarchical section title: Roger W. Jones Award for Executive Leadership / Award recipients caption attribution description: English: Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. content: List of Roger W. Jones Award for Executive Leadership recipients is a compilation of United States government executives who have received the Jones Award from the American University School of Public Affairs, an institution of higher education and research located in Washington, D.C. that grants academic degrees in fields such as political science, public administration, public policy, and justice, law and society. First awarded in 1978, the award has been presented every year since then to two United States federal career executives who have shown leadership in the training of federal government managers and executives and in organizational abilities.
The awards namesake, Roger W. Jones, was a federal civil servant who helped direct the Office of Management and Budget in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1978, Bernard Rosen, a former United States Civil Service Commission executive director, graduate instructor at the American University, and subsequent author of the 1984 book Holding Government Bureaucracies Accountable, helped start American University's Roger W. Jones Award for Executive Leadership in federal government. In 2002, Victor J.

title: Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA section title: Deputy Administrators hierarchical section title: Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA / Deputy Administrators caption attribution description: English: Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. caption alt text description: Aaron Cohen content: The Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA are the highest-ranked officials of NASA, the space agency of the United States. The Administrator serves as the senior space science adviser to the President of the United States. According to NASA, the role of the Administrator is to "lead the NASA team and manage its resources to advance the Vision for Space Exploration."

title: Aaron Cohen (Deputy NASA administrator) hierarchical section title: Aaron Cohen (Deputy NASA administrator) caption reference description: Aaron Cohen caption attribution description: English: Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. content: Aaron Cohen was the Acting Deputy Administrator of NASA between 19 February 1992 and 1 November 1992, as well as the manager of the Space Shuttle Program from 1972.

title: Aaron Cohen hierarchical section title: Aaron Cohen caption reference description: Aaron Cohen caption attribution description: English: Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. content: Aaron Cohen was an American civil servant. He served as the Acting Deputy Administrator of NASA between 19 February 1992 and 1 November 1992.


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title: Burton (musician) hierarchical section title: Burton (musician) caption reference description: Puurtinen performing in 2010 caption attribution description: Soundwave Festival 2010 content: Janne Johannes Puurtinen, better known as Burton or Emerson Burton, is a Finnish musician. He is best known as the keyboardist of the Finnish gothic rock band HIM, with whom he has released six studio albums, and have gone on to become one of the most commercially successful Finnish bands of all time. Outside of HIM, Burton has performed and recorded with various bands, including Daniel Lioneye, Suburban Tribe and Torpedo.

title: Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights section title: Production hierarchical section title: Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights / Production caption reference description: With the addition of keyboardist Burton, the band's line-up would remain unchanged until 2015 caption attribution description: Soundwave Festival 2010 content: Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights is the third studio album by Finnish gothic rock band HIM. Released 27 August 2001, HIM began recording demos in the fall of 2000, with producer T.T. Oksala intending to release the initial recordings as the finished album. After being rejected by the record label BMG, producer Kevin Shirley was brought in, who clashed with members of the band over his style of working. The recording process took eleven months, with outside influences within the industry and the extended time frame causing friction with the album, which ended up with a sleeker and more pop-oriented sound than its predecessors. Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights was also HIM's first album to feature keyboardist Janne "Burton" Puurtinen.
Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights received mixed reviews from critics, with some praise being given to the songwriting and Ville Valo's vocal performance, but most criticized the album's production and overall commercial sound. Despite this, Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights charted in seven countries, peaking at number one in Finland and Austria, later going platinum and gold respectively.


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title: Kombat (photograph) section title: Legacy hierarchical section title: Kombat (photograph) / Legacy caption attribution description: Русский: Памятник в Запорожье политруку роты 220-го стрелкового полка 4-й стрелковой дивизии А. Г. Еременко, который поднимает в атаку своих солдат 12 июля 1942 года. content: Kombat is a black-and-white photograph by the Soviet photographer Max Alpert. It depicts a Soviet military officer armed with a TT pistol who is raising his unit for an attack during World War II. This work is regarded as one of the most iconic Soviet World War II photographs, yet neither the date nor the subject is known with certainty. According to the most widely accepted version, the photograph depicts junior politruk Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko, minutes before his death on 12 July 1942, in Voroshilovgrad Oblast, Ukraine.


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title: John D. Spreckels hierarchical section title: John D. Spreckels caption reference description: Spreckels in 1901 caption attribution description: John D. Spreckels, American businessman prominent in the San Diego, California area content: John Diedrich Spreckels, the son of German-American industrialist Claus Spreckels, founded a transportation and real estate empire in San Diego, California, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The entrepreneur's many business ventures included the Hotel del Coronado and the San Diego and Arizona Railway, both of which are credited with helping San Diego develop into a major commercial center.
Upon his death he was eulogized as "One of America's few great Empire Builders who invested millions to turn a struggling, bankrupt village into the beautiful and cosmopolitan city San Diego is today."


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title: International Islamic University, Islamabad section title: Campuses hierarchical section title: International Islamic University, Islamabad / Campuses caption reference description: New student accommodation caption attribution description: The New Campus (Jahani Hostel) at the International Islamic University in Islamabad, Pakistan. content: The International Islamic University, Islamabad, or IIUI, is a public research university located in Islamabad, Pakistan. It was established in 1980 and restructured in 1985, and remained a source for Higher Education in Pakistan.


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title: Solsona, Ilocos Norte hierarchical section title: Solsona, Ilocos Norte caption reference description: Map of Ilocos Norte with Solsona highlighted caption attribution description: English: Map of Ilocos Norte showing the location of Solsona caption alt text description: Map of Ilocos Norte with Solsona highlighted content: Solsona, officially the Municipality of Solsona, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 24,121 people.
Ascents of nearby Mount Sicapoo begin at Solsona, at the Gasgas River.


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title: Waegwan Abbey hierarchical section title: Waegwan Abbey caption reference description: Waegwan Abbey in 2008 caption attribution description: English: 왜관수도원 대성당에서의 전례 거행 English: Abbey church of Waegwan Abbey, South Korea content: St Maurus and St Placidus Abbey, Waegwan, Chilgok, North Gyeongsang, South Korea is a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien. Established in 1952 by Korean monks who had survived the dissolution of St Benedict's Abbey, Tokwon, and Holy Cross Abbey, Yanji, the monastery is currently home to 131 monks. Abbot Fr Blasio Park is the community's superior.


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title: Manning, Alberta hierarchical section title: Manning, Alberta caption reference description: Location in County of Northern Lights content: Manning is a town in northern Alberta, Canada. It is known as the "Land of the Mighty Moose". It is located on Highway 35 on the Notikewin River, approximately 73 km north of Peace River.
Manning is a service centre for the local agriculture, forestry and gas industries. It also serves the nearby rural area within the County of Northern Lights including Deadwood, Hotchkiss, North Star and Notikewin.


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title: Alpine, New Jersey section title: Transportation hierarchical section title: Alpine, New Jersey / Transportation caption reference description: View south along the Palisades Interstate Parkway in Alpine caption attribution description: English: View south along New Jersey State Route 445 (Palisades Interstate Parkway) just north of Exit 4 in Alpine, Bergen County, New Jersey content: Alpine is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is located 15 miles north of midtown Manhattan. It is the easternmost community in the state of New Jersey.
As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,849, reflecting a decline of 334 from the 2,183 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 467 from the 1,716 counted in the 1990 Census.
In 2012, Forbes ranked Alpine as America's most expensive ZIP Code with a median home price of $4.25 million, after being ranked 4th in the magazine's 2010 listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $3,814,885. In 2009, Forbes ranked Alpine first, along with Greenwich, Connecticut, with a median home price of $4.14 million. Alpine was tied with Greenwich for first in both 2006 and 2007 on the ABC News list of most expensive ZIP Codes, with a median home sale price of $3.4 million. In 2019, PropertyShark ranked Alpine as the 53rd most expensive ZIP Code in the country with a median sales price of $1,785,000, a drop from a ranking of 33rd nationwide in 2018 due to a decline of 19% in sales prices.


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title: Roman Cieślewicz hierarchical section title: Roman Cieślewicz caption reference description: Cieślewicz in Warsaw, 1960/ content: Roman Cieślewicz was a Polish graphic artist and photographer.
From 1943 to 1946 he attended the School of Artistic Industry in Lvov and from 1947 to 1949 attended the Krakow's Fine Arts Lycee. He studied at Kraków Academy of Fine Arts from 1949 to 1955. He was artistic editor of "Ty i Ja" monthly 1959–1962. In 1963 he moved to France and naturalized in 1971.
He worked as art director of Vogue, Elle and Mafia - advertising agency and was artistic creator of Opus International. Kitsch and Cnac-archives. Taught at the Ecole Superieure d'Arts Graphiques in Paris.
In 1976 he produced his "reviev of panic information" - "Kamikaze"/No. 1/ published by Christian Bourgois.
In 1991 he produced "Kamikaze 2" with Agnes B.
He took part in numerous group exhibitions of graphic, poster and photographic art and was a member of AGI.


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title: Nilda Garré section title: Life and career hierarchical section title: Nilda Garré / Life and career caption reference description: Garré meets with U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates at the Pentagon caption attribution description: English: Argentine Minister of Defense Nilda Garre meets with Secretary of Defense Robert Gates at the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., Sept. 8, 2009. A broad range of hemispheric and global security issues are expected to be discussed. Brigadier General (Air Force) Jorge Alberto Chevalier Joint Chief of Staff of Argentine Armed Forces also pictured content: Nilda Celia Garré is an Argentine lawyer, politician, and diplomat. She was Minister of Defense during the presidency of the late Nestor Kirchner and remained in this position, and as Minister of Security, under President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. She was the first woman in her country's history to serve in either office. She also served as the Argentine Representative to the OAS. She is currently a deputy at the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.


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title: Balkania (proposed state) hierarchical section title: Balkania (proposed state) caption reference description: Balkania: Kosovo (light red), Serbia (yellow), and Montenegro (light blue) caption attribution description: English: State of Balkania (proposed by Adem Demaçi in 1993). Serbian: Država Balkanija, čije je stvaranje predložio Adem Demaći 1993. godine. content: Balkania was the name of a proposed state in the Balkans, suggested by the Kosovo Albanian politician Adem Demaçi in 1993. Intended as an alternative to Serb-Albanian ethnic conflict, it would have transformed the rump third Yugoslavia into a democratic confederation consisting of Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro.
The proposal became moot when Montenegro declared independence in 2006, and after still disputed Kosovo declared independence in 2008.
A confederation with the name "Balkania" was also proposed by the Romanian historian Victor Papacostea in 1936 to solve regional conflicts under Romanian leadership.


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title: Cascade, Seattle section title: History hierarchical section title: Cascade, Seattle / History caption reference description: This unprepossessing house at 1206 Republican St. dates from 1890. Demolished in late 2008, it was the oldest surviving building in the Cascade Neighborhood.[5] caption attribution description: 1206 Republican St. west of Minor Ave. N in the Cascade neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, USA. This unpreposessing house dates from 1890 and may not have been significantly remodeled since 1910. Apparently the oldest surviving building in Cascade, but this is a rapidly changing neighborhood, and this historic (but undramatic) building may not long survive. See Summary for 1206 Republican ST / Parcel ID 2467400237, Seattle Department of Neighborhoods for more about this building. content: Cascade is an urban neighborhood abutting Downtown Seattle, Washington, United States, located adjacent to South Lake Union. It is bounded by: Fairview Avenue North on the west, beyond which is the rest of the Cascade Neighborhood; the Interstate 5 interchange for Mercer St to the north, beyond which is Eastlake; Interstate 5 on the east, beyond which is Capitol Hill; and Denny Way on the south, beyond which is Denny Triangle. It is surrounded by thoroughfares Mercer Street, Fairview Avenue N. and Eastlake Avenue E., and Denny Way. The neighborhood, one of Seattle's oldest, originally extended much further: west to Terry Avenue, south to Denny Hill on the South, and east to Melrose Avenue E through the area now obliterated by Interstate 5. Some recent writers consider Cascade to omit the northern "arm", while others extend it westward to cover most of South Lake Union.
Historic structures in Cascade Neighborhood include St Spiridon's Orthodox Cathedral, Immanuel Lutheran Church, and several defunct laundry blocks.


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title: Turning Torso section title: Design hierarchical section title: Turning Torso / Design caption reference description: Illustration of the general structure of the Turning Torso.[a] content: Turning Torso is a neo-futurist residential skyscraper in Sweden and the tallest building in Scandinavia.
Located in Malmö on the Swedish side of the Öresund strait, it was built and is owned by Swedish cooperative association HSB. It is regarded as the first twisted skyscraper in the world.
The project was designed by Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter Santiago Calatrava and officially opened on 27 August 2005. The tower reaches a height of 190 metres with 54 storeys and 147 apartments.
In August 2015, it was announced that the building was the winner of the 10 Year Award from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. It won the 2005 Gold Emporis Skyscraper Award.


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title: Orange Mill Historic District hierarchical section title: Orange Mill Historic District caption reference description: The main powder mill building, on Powder Mill Road caption attribution description: English: Photographed by Daniel Case 2007-05-25 content: The Orange Mill Historic District is the only historic district in the Town of Newburgh in Orange County, New York. It encompasses the 42 acres of county-run Algonquin Park and many of the surrounding lands. It is centered along Powder Mill Road just off NY 52, a mile northwest of the city of Newburgh, at the edge of the suburban hamlet of Gardnertown.
The district takes its name from the old gunpowder mill complex, built by Asa Taylor in 1816 and operated by the Laflin & Rand Powder Company after 1869. It is located along the unnamed Orange Lake outlet brook which flows through the park just above its outlet at Quassaick Creek.
While it primarily produced powder for local residents' use in hunting and shooting sports, during the Civil War the Union Army procured some higher quality material. In the years before that conflict, local historian Edward Ruttenber claimed the mills were "the most complete and extensive works in the country" when they were under the ownership of a man named Daniel Rodgers.
After production stopped in the early 20th century, developers began building on houses on some of the property. Col. Frederic Adrian Delano, uncle of future President Franklin D.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York section title: County-wide listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York / County-wide listings caption attribution description: English: Photographed by Daniel Case 2007-05-25 caption alt text description: Orange Mill Historic District content: List of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, New York. The locations of National Register properties and districts may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates". Eight of the properties or districts are further designated National Historic Landmarks of the United States.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 6, 2020.


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title: Ewe drumming section title: 3:8 hierarchical section title: Ewe drumming / Cross-rhythmic structure / 3:8 caption reference description: 3:8 or 1.5:4 (About this soundPlay (help·info)) content: Ewe drumming refers to the drumming ensembles of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo, and Benin. The Ewe are known for their experience in drumming throughout West Africa. The sophisticated cross rhythms and polyrhythms in Ewe drumming are similar to those in Afro-Caribbean music and late jazz. The original purpose of Ewe drumming were sung or performed by warriors. Now the songs and performed to celebrate or for recreational use. For example, Agbadza was originally used as a warrior dance but is now used to celebrate events.

title: Cross-beat section title: 1.5:4 (or 3:8) hierarchical section title: Cross-beat / Cross-rhythmic ratios / 1.5:4 (or 3:8) caption reference description: 1.5:4 or 3:8. About this soundPlay (help·info) content: In music, a cross-beat or cross-rhythm is a specific form of polyrhythm. The term cross rhythm was introduced in 1934 by the musicologist Arthur Morris Jones. It refers to when the rhythmic conflict found in polyrhythms is the basis of an entire musical piece.

title: Bell pattern section title: 128 bell patterns hierarchical section title: Bell pattern / Sub-Saharan African music / 128 bell patterns caption reference description: Three cross-beats across two main beat cycles (two measures). This is the cross-rhythmic ratio of 3:8, or within the context of a single measure, 1.5:4. (About this soundPlay (help·info)) content: A bell pattern is a rhythmic pattern of striking a hand-held bell or other instrument of the idiophone family, to make it emit a sound at desired intervals. It is often a key pattern, in most cases it is a metal bell, such as an agogô, gankoqui, or cowbell, or a hollowed piece of wood, or wooden claves. In band music, bell patterns are also played on the metal shell of the timbales, and drum kit cymbals.

title: Ewe music section title: 3:8 hierarchical section title: Ewe music / Cross-rhythmic structure / 3:8 caption reference description: 3:8 or 1.5:4 (About this soundPlay (help·info)) content: Ewe music is the music of the Ewe people of Togo, Ghana, and Benin, West Africa. Instrumentation is primarily percussive and rhythmically the music features great metrical complexity. Its highest form is in dance music including a drum orchestra, but there are also work, play, and other songs. Ewe music is featured in A. M. Jones's Studies in African Music.


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title: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School hierarchical section title: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School caption reference description: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School, September 2010 caption attribution description: English: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School in Philadelphia on the NRHP since April 10, 1989. At 3901–3961 North 18th St. in the North Philly neighborhood of Nicetown–Tioga. Note that the Gratz High School, also an NRHP shares the same block and address, and similar architecture, but is a different building! The Junior HS is to the south. content: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School is a historic junior high school building located in the Nicetown–Tioga neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1925–1927. It is a four-story, 17 bay, brick building on a raised basement in the Late Gothic Revival-style. It features projecting end pavilions, arched openings, and a large stone Gothic entryway. It was named for president of the Colonial Dames of Pennsylvania and Flag Day founder Elizabeth Duane Gillespie.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The building is now vacant, although it is immediately south of the still-occupied Simon Gratz High School.

title: National Register of Historic Places listings in North Philadelphia section title: Current listings hierarchical section title: National Register of Historic Places listings in North Philadelphia / Current listings caption attribution description: English: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School in Philadelphia on the NRHP since April 10, 1989. At 3901–3961 North 18th St. in the North Philly neighborhood of Nicetown–Tioga. Note that the Gratz High School, also an NRHP shares the same block and address, and similar architecture, but is a different building! The Junior HS is to the south. caption alt text description: Elizabeth Duane Gillespie Junior High School content: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in North Philadelphia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 577 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia, including 67 National Historic Landmarks. North Philadelphia includes 163 of these properties and districts, of which 17 are National Historic Landmarks; the city's remaining properties and districts are listed elsewhere. Two sites are split between North Philadelphia and other parts of the city, and are thus included on multiple lists. Two other properties in North Philadelphia were once listed but have been removed.


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title: George Pearkes hierarchical section title: George Pearkes caption reference description: Pearkes during the First World War caption attribution description: English: George Pearkes content: Major General George Randolph Pearkes, VC, PC, CC, CB, DSO, MC, CD, OD was a Canadian politician and soldier. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy awarded to British and Imperial forces; and the 20th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.

title: Minister of National Defence (Canada) section title: Ministers hierarchical section title: Minister of National Defence (Canada) / Ministers caption attribution description: English: George Pearkes content: The minister of national defence is a minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada responsible for the management and direction of all matters relating to the national defence of Canada.
The Department of National Defence is headed by the deputy minister of national defence, while the Canadian Armed Forces are headed by the chief of the defence staff. Both are responsible to the minister of national defence. The Queen is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces and has final authority on all orders and laws for the "defence of the realm".
The minister is responsible, through the tenets of responsible government, to Parliament for "the management and direction of the Canadian Forces". Any orders and instructions for the Canadian Armed Forces are issued by or through the chief of the defence staff. The Department of National Defence exists to aid the minister in carrying out his responsibilities, and acts as the civilian support system for the Canadian Forces.
The current minister of national defence is Harjit Sajjan. The Parliamentary Secretary, who represents the Minister when they are away from the House of Commons, is Anita Vandenbeld.


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title: McCauley, Edmonton hierarchical section title: McCauley, Edmonton caption reference description: Location in Edmonton content: McCauley is a vibrant and ethnically diverse inner city neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta undergoing revitalization. It is named for Matthew McCauley, the first mayor of Edmonton, and is located just to the north east of the Downtown core. McCauley is famous as the home of dozens of religious buildings concentrated in a small area as well as being a large venue for the 1978 Commonwealth Games.
The neighbourhood is roughly triangle-shaped, bounded on the north by 111 Avenue/Norwood Boulevard, the west by 101 Street, and the south east by the LRT line and the old Canadian National Railway right of way.
Out of 272 Edmonton neighbourhoods evaluated, McCauley is the 11th most walkable with a Walk Score of 79, or "Very Walkable".
The community is represented by the McCauley Community League, established in 1935, which runs a Community centre located at 95 Street and 108 Avenue.


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title: Colorado's 4th congressional district hierarchical section title: Colorado's 4th congressional district caption reference description: Colorado's 4th congressional district - since January 3, 2013. content: Colorado's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Colorado. Located in the eastern part of the state, the district encompasses most of the rural Eastern Plains as well as the larger Colorado Front Range cities of Greeley, Longmont, Castle Rock, and Parker.
The district is currently represented by Republican Ken Buck. It is one of the most conservative districts in the Mountain States, especially since the 2012 redistricting removed Fort Collins from the district. No Democrat has seriously contested the district since 2010.


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title: Molluscs in culture section title: Imperial purple hierarchical section title: Molluscs in culture / Useful interactions / Imperial purple caption reference description: Byzantine Emperor Justinian I clad in Tyrian purple and wearing numerous pearls content: Culture consists of the social behaviour and norms in human societies transmitted through social learning. Molluscs play a variety of roles in culture, including but not limited to art and literature, with both practical interactions—whether useful or harmful—and symbolic uses.
Practical interactions with molluscs range from their use as food, where species as diverse as snails and squid are eaten in many countries, to the employment of molluscs as shell money and to make dyestuffs and musical instruments, for personal adornment with seashells, pearls, or mother-of-pearl, as items to be collected, as fictionalised sea monsters, and as raw materials for craft items such as Sailor's Valentines. Some bivalves are used as bioindicators to monitor the health of marine and freshwater environments.
Harmful interactions with molluscs include the stings of cone snails and the venomous bites of certain octopuses; blue-ringed octopuses bite only when provoked, but their venom kills a quarter of the people bitten.

title: Christian views on astrology section title: Medieval hierarchical section title: Christian views on astrology / Medieval caption reference description: Dante Alighieri meets the Emperor Justinian in the Sphere of Mercury, in Canto 5 of the Paradiso. content: Astrology had small amounts of support in early Christianity, but support waned during the Middle Ages. Support for it grew again in the West during the Renaissance.

title: Christianity in the 6th century section title: Ireland hierarchical section title: Christianity in the 6th century / Monasticism / Ireland caption reference description: Mosaic of Justinian I in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy content: In 6th-century Christianity, Roman Emperor Justinian launched a military campaign in Constantinople to reclaim the western provinces from the Germans, starting with North Africa and proceeding to Italy. Though he was temporarily successful in recapturing much of the western Mediterranean he destroyed the urban centers and permanently ruined the economies in much of the West. Rome and other cities were abandoned. In the coming centuries the Western Church, as virtually the only surviving Roman institution in the West, became the only remaining link to Greek culture and civilization.
In the East, Roman imperial rule continued through the period historians now call the Byzantine Empire. Even in the West, where imperial political control gradually declined, distinctly Roman culture continued long afterwards; thus historians today prefer to speak of a "transformation of the Roman world" rather than a "Fall of Rome." The advent of the Early Middle Ages was a gradual and often localised process whereby, in the West, rural areas became power centres whilst urban areas declined.

title: Astrology section title: Europe hierarchical section title: Astrology / History / Medieval world / Europe caption reference description: Dante Alighieri meets the Emperor Justinian in the Sphere of Mercury, in Canto 5 of the Paradiso content: Astrology is a pseudoscience that claims divine information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the movements and relative positions of celestial objects. Astrology has been dated to at least the 2nd millennium BCE, and has its roots in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and some—such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, from where it spread to Ancient Greece, Rome, the Arab world and eventually Central and Western Europe. Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person's personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems.

title: History of the papacy section title: Byzantine Papacy (537–752) hierarchical section title: History of the papacy / Middle Ages (493–1417) / Byzantine Papacy (537–752) caption reference description: Justinian I re-conquered Rome and appointed the next three popes. content: The history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, according to Catholic doctrine, spans from the time of Peter to the present day.
During the Early Church, the bishops of Rome enjoyed no temporal power until the time of Constantine. After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the papacy was influenced by the temporal rulers of the surrounding Italian Peninsula; these periods are known as the Ostrogothic Papacy, Byzantine Papacy, and Frankish Papacy. Over time, the papacy consolidated its territorial claims to a portion of the peninsula known as the Papal States. Thereafter, the role of neighboring sovereigns was replaced by powerful Roman families during the saeculum obscurum, the Crescentii era, and the Tusculan Papacy.
From 1048 to 1257, the papacy experienced increasing conflict with the leaders and churches of the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. Conflict with the latter culminated in the East–West Schism, dividing the Western Church and Eastern Church. From 1257–1377, the pope, though the bishop of Rome, resided in Viterbo, Orvieto, and Perugia, and then Avignon.

title: Justinian I hierarchical section title: Justinian I caption reference description: Detail of a contemporary portrait in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna content: Justinian I, commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Eastern Roman Emperor from 527 until his death. He is considered a saint by Eastern Orthodox Christians.
Justinian simplified Roman laws. These are now called Corpus Juris Civilis.

title: Mollusca section title: Uses by humans hierarchical section title: Mollusca / Human interaction / Uses by humans caption reference description: Byzantine Emperor Justinian I clad in Tyrian purple and wearing numerous pearls caption alt text description: Mosaic of mustachioed, curly-haired man wearing crown and surrounded by halo content: Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda. The members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied.
Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 8 or 9 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species.

title: Papal selection before 1059 section title: Byzantine influence (537–752) hierarchical section title: Papal selection before 1059 / Byzantine influence (537–752) caption reference description: Justinian I appointed three popes following his invasion of Italy. content: There was no uniform procedure for papal selection before 1059. The bishops of Rome and supreme pontiffs of the Catholic Church were often appointed by their predecessors or by political rulers. While some kind of election often characterized the procedure, an election that included meaningful participation of the laity was rare, especially as the popes' claims to temporal power solidified into the Papal States. The practice of papal appointment during this period would later result in the jus exclusivae, i.e., a right to veto the selection that Catholic monarchs exercised into the twentieth century.
The absence of an institutionalized procedure of papal succession facilitated religious schism, and the Catholic Church currently regards several papal claimants before 1059 as antipopes. Further, the frequent requirement of political approval of elected popes significantly lengthened periods of sede vacante, i.e., transitional vacancy of the papacy, and weakened it. In 1059, Pope Nicholas II succeeded in limiting future papal electors to the cardinals in In nomine Domini, instituting standardized papal elections that eventually developed into the procedure of the papal conclave.

title: History of the Jews in Tunisia section title: From Vandal peace to Byzantine repression hierarchical section title: History of the Jews in Tunisia / Antiquity / From Vandal peace to Byzantine repression caption reference description: Justinian, a Byzantine emperor who launched a severe repression of the Jews content: The history of the Jews in Tunisia extends over nearly two thousand years and goes back to the Punic era. The Jewish community in Tunisia is no doubt older, grew up following successive waves of immigration and proselytism before its development was hampered by anti-Jewish measures in the Byzantine Empire. The community formerly used its own dialect of Arabic. After the Muslim conquest of Tunisia, Tunisian Judaism went through periods of relative freedom or even cultural apogee to times of more marked discrimination. The arrival of Jews expelled from the Iberian peninsula, often through Livorno, greatly altered the country. Its economic, social and cultural situation has improved markedly with the advent of the French protectorate before being compromised during the Second World War, with the occupation of the country by the Axis. The creation of Israel in 1948 provoked a widespread anti-Zionist reaction in the Arab world, to which was added nationalist agitation, nationalization of enterprises, Arabization of education and part of the administration.

title: Christianity in the Middle Ages section title: Early Middle Ages (476–799) hierarchical section title: Christianity in the Middle Ages / Early Middle Ages (476–799) caption reference description: Mosaic of Justinian I in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy content: Christianity in the Middle Ages covers the history of Christianity from the Fall of the Western Roman Empire until the Fall of Constantinople, which is usually taken to mark the end of the Middle Ages in the History of Europe.
In Christianity's ancient Pentarchy, five patriarchies held special eminence: the sees of Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria. The prestige of most of these sees depended in part on their apostolic founders, or in the case of Byzantium/Constantinople, that it was the new seat of the continuing Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire. These bishops considered themselves the successors of those apostles. In addition, all five cities were early centres of Christianity.

title: Artabanes section title: Artabanes at Constantinople and the conspiracy against Justinian hierarchical section title: Artabanes / Artabanes at Constantinople and the conspiracy against Justinian caption reference description: Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). content: Artabanes was an East Roman general of Armenian origin who served under Justinian I. Initially a rebel against Byzantine authority, he fled to the Sassanid Persians but soon returned to Byzantine allegiance. He served in Africa, where he won great fame by killing the rebel general Guntharic and restoring the province to imperial allegiance. He became engaged to Justinian's niece Praejecta, but did not marry her due to the opposition of the Empress Theodora. Recalled to Constantinople, he became involved in a failed conspiracy against Justinian in 548/549, but wasn’t punished severely after its revelation. He was soon pardoned and sent to Italy to fight in the Gothic War, where he participated in the decisive Byzantine victory at Casilinum.

title: History of Christianity section title: Early Middle Ages (476–799) hierarchical section title: History of Christianity / Early Middle Ages (476–799) caption reference description: A mosaic of Justinian I in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. content: The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christian countries, and the Church with its various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.
Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus in the 1st century Roman province of Judea. According to the Gospels, Jesus was a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. AD 30–33. His followers believed that he was then raised from the dead and exalted by God, and would return soon at the inception of God's kingdom.
The earliest followers of Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. The inclusion of gentiles in the developing early Christian Church caused a schism between Judaism and Jewish Christianity during the first two centuries of the Christian Era. In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan legalizing Christian worship. In 380, with the Edict of Thessalonica put forth under Theodosius I, the Roman Empire officially adopted Trinitarian Christianity as its state religion, and Christianity established itself as a predominantly Roman religion in the state church of the Roman Empire.

title: Law school of Berytus section title: Curriculum hierarchical section title: Law school of Berytus / Academia / Curriculum caption reference description: Justinian I, the emperor who instigated the rewriting of Roman law caption alt text description: Mosaic depicting the bust of a severe-looking man wearing a crown and an intricate royal purple tunic. content: The law school of Berytus was a center for the study of Roman law in classical antiquity located in Berytus. It flourished under the patronage of the Roman emperors and functioned as the Roman Empire's preeminent center of jurisprudence until its destruction in AD 551.
The law schools of the Roman Empire established organized repositories of imperial constitutions and institutionalized the study and practice of jurisprudence to relieve the busy imperial courts. The archiving of imperial constitutions facilitated the task of jurists in referring to legal precedents. The origins of the law school of Beirut are obscure, but probably it was under Augustus in the first century. The earliest written mention of the school dates to 238–239 AD, when its reputation had already been established. The school attracted young, affluent Roman citizens, and its professors made major contributions to the Codex of Justinian. The school achieved such wide recognition throughout the Empire that Beirut was known as the "Mother of Laws". Beirut was one of the few schools allowed to continue teaching jurisprudence when Byzantine emperor Justinian I shut down other provincial law schools.

title: Germanus (cousin of Justinian I) section title: Origins and early career hierarchical section title: Germanus (cousin of Justinian I) / Biography / Origins and early career caption reference description: The Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). content: Germanus was an East Roman general, one of the leading commanders of Emperor Justinian I. Germanus was Emperor Justinian's cousin, and a member of the ruling dynasty. He held commands in Thrace, North Africa, and the East against Persia, and was slated to command the final Byzantine expedition against the Ostrogoths. Having married into the Gothic Amal royal line through his second wife Matasuntha and a distinguished service record, at the time of his sudden death, he was considered the probable heir to Emperor Justinian.

title: Procopius section title: Writings hierarchical section title: Procopius / Writings caption reference description: Emperor Justinian content: Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent late antique Byzantine Greek scholar from Palaestina Prima. Accompanying the Byzantine general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal Byzantine historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the Secret History. He is commonly classified as the last major historian of the ancient Western world.

title: Cy-près doctrine in English law hierarchical section title: Cy-près doctrine in English law caption reference description: Justinian I, writer of the Corpus Juris Civilis, which mentions a Roman process similar to the cy-pres doctrine content: The cy-pres doctrine in English law is an element of trusts law dealing with charitable trusts. The doctrine provides that when such a trust has failed because its purposes are either impossible or cannot be fulfilled, the High Court of Justice or Charity Commission can make an order redirecting the trust's funds to the nearest possible purpose. For charities with a worth under £5,000 and no land, the trustees may make the decision to redirect the trust's funds. The doctrine was initially an element of ecclesiastical law, coming from the Norman French cy près comme possible, but similar and possibly ancestral provisions have been found in Roman law, both in the Corpus Juris Civilis and later Byzantine law.
Trusts where the doctrine is applicable are divided into two groups; those with subsequent failure, where the trust's purpose has failed after it came into operation, and initial failure, where the trust's purposes are immediately invalid. Subsequent failure cases simply require the redirection of the funds to the nearest possible purpose, since there is no question of allowing the settlor's next of kin to inherit the money.

title: 551 Beirut earthquake section title: Tectonic setting hierarchical section title: 551 Beirut earthquake / Tectonic setting caption reference description: The earthquake occurred during the reign of Justinian I (pictured) as Eastern Roman emperor. content: The 551 Beirut earthquake occurred on 9 July with an estimated magnitude of about 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of X on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a devastating tsunami which affected the coastal towns of Byzantine Phoenicia, causing great destruction and sinking many ships. Overall large numbers of people were reported killed, with one estimate of 30,000 by the Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza for Beirut alone.

title: Code of Justinian hierarchical section title: Code of Justinian caption reference description: Justinian I depicted on a mosaic in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy content: The Code of Justinian is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was an Eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople. Two other units, the Digest and the Institutes, were created during his reign. The fourth part, the Novellae Constitutiones, was compiled unofficially after his death but is now also thought of as part of the Corpus Juris Civilis.


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title: Mai Kalna hierarchical section title: Mai Kalna caption reference description: Mai Kalna, from a 1917 publication. content: Mai Kalna was an American soprano opera singer.


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title: Griff (TV series) hierarchical section title: Griff (TV series) caption reference description: Ben Murphy, Patricia Stich and Lorne Greene caption attribution description: Photo of Ben Murphy as Mike Murdoch, Patricia Stich as Gracie Newcombe and Lorne Greene as Wade Griffin from the premiere of the television program Griff. content: Griff is an American crime drama starring Lorne Greene and Ben Murphy, which aired on ABC from September 29, 1973, to January 4, 1974.

title: Ben Murphy section title: Career hierarchical section title: Ben Murphy / Career caption reference description: Ben Murphy, Patricia Stich and Lorne Greene in Griff. caption attribution description: Photo of Ben Murphy as Mike Murdoch, Patricia Stich as Gracie Newcombe and Lorne Greene as Wade Griffin from the premiere of the television program Griff. content: Benjamin Edward Murphy is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Kid Curry in the ABC television series Alias Smith and Jones.


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title: 2010s section title: Civil wars hierarchical section title: 2010s / Politics and conflicts / Major conflicts / Civil wars caption reference description: French Rafale fighter jets operating over Mali in 2013 during the Northern Mali Conflict caption attribution description: English: Two French Air Force Rafale fighter aircraft, below, prepare to break formation after refueling with a U.S. Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft with the 351st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron over Mali April 23, 2013. U.S. Air Force aircraft under U.S. Africa Command provided logistical assistance to French forces in support of France's efforts to restore security in Mali. content: The 2010s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 2010 and ended on 31 December 2019.
The decade began amid a global financial crisis and subsequent international recession dating from the late 2000s. The resulting European sovereign-debt crisis became more pronounced early in the decade and continued to affect the possibility of a global economic recovery. Economic issues, such as austerity, inflation, and an increase in commodity prices, led to unrest in many countries, including the 15-M and Occupy movements. Unrest in some countries – particularly in the Arab world – evolved into socioeconomic crises triggering revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Bahrain as well as civil wars in Libya, Syria, and Yemen in a widespread phenomenon commonly referred to as the Arab Spring. Shifting social attitudes saw LGBT rights and female representation make substantial progress during the decade, particularly in the West and parts of Asia and Africa.

title: Battle of Konna hierarchical section title: Battle of Konna caption attribution description: English: Two French Air Force Rafale fighter aircraft, below, prepare to break formation after refueling with a U.S. Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft with the 351st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron over Mali April 23, 2013. U.S. Air Force aircraft under U.S. Africa Command provided logistical assistance to French forces in support of France's efforts to restore security in Mali. content: The Battle of Kona was a battle in the Northern Mali Conflict in the town of Konna in central Mali. Various Islamic fundamentalist rebels fought with the government of Mali, the latter of which was supported by French soldiers participating in Operation Serval. This battle was among the first French engagements in their intervention in the Mali War.
The fighting began when rebel fighters disguised as passengers on a public bus infiltrated the town. The bus was stopped at a Malian army checkpoint on the outskirts of Konna. As soldiers entered the bus to search it the Islamists opened fire, killing the soldiers. Additional rebels poured into the town. After several hours of fighting the Malian army was routed to its base, abandoning the town to the rebels and reportedly leaving several heavy weapons and armored vehicles behind. Around 25 Malian soldiers were killed.
An estimated 1,200 Islamist fighters advanced to within 20 kilometers of Mopti, a Mali military garrison town.
The battle ended in a victory for the Malian government and France, with rebel fighters ejected from the town.

title: Operation Serval section title: Operations hierarchical section title: Operation Serval / Operations caption reference description: Two French Air Force Rafale fighter jets operating over Mali. caption attribution description: English: Two French Air Force Rafale fighter aircraft, below, prepare to break formation after refueling with a U.S. Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft with the 351st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron over Mali April 23, 2013. U.S. Air Force aircraft under U.S. Africa Command provided logistical assistance to French forces in support of France's efforts to restore security in Mali. content: Operation Serval was a French military operation in Mali. The aim of the operation was to oust Islamic militants from the north of Mali, who had begun a push into the center of Mali.
Operation Serval followed the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2085 of December 20, 2012 and an official request by the Malian interim government for French military assistance. The operation ended on July 15, 2014, and was replaced by Operation Barkhane, launched on August 1, 2014 to fight Islamist fighters in the Sahel. Three of the five Islamic leaders, Abdelhamid Abou Zeid, Abdel Krim and Omar Ould Hamaha were killed, while Mokhtar Belmokhtar fled to Libya and Iyad ag Ghali fled to Algeria.
The operation is named after the medium-sized African wild cat species the serval.